GREAT PLAINS AND MIDWES1
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS
WORKSHOP

PROCEEDINGS REPORT

October 2020


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EPA Region 7 and Office of Research and Development EPA
doc # ORD-039379
October 2020


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Acknowledgements

The successful development and implementation of this workshop could not have been possible
without a dedicated and knowledgeable team. Thank you to the steering committee for your
indispensable energy and creativity:

•	Katherine Foreman - EPA Office of Water, Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water

•	Lesley D'Anglada - EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology

•	Charlene Kormondy - EPA Office of Water, Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water

•	Tina Laidlaw - EPA Region 8

•	Rebecca Perrin - EPA Region 8

•	Doug Jones - EPA Region 7

•	Christopher Taylor - EPA Region 7

•	Laura Webb - EPA Region 7

•	Steve Schaff - EPA Region 7

•	Lisa Dunning - EPA Region 7

•	Anne Rea - EPA Office of Research and Development

•	Mark Jakubauskas - University of Kansas Edwards Campus

In addition, this report is the outcome of three days of presentations, discussions and the
sharing of technical expertise. We'd like to acknowledge the valuable input from all the
workshop presenters and participants and their interest in addressing harmful algal blooms
throughout the Great Plains and the Midwest.

Funding for the workshop was provided by the EPA Office of Research and Development, Office
of Science Advisor, Policy and Engagement.


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Message from the Region 7 Administrator

On behalf of US Environmental Protection
Agency Region 7,1 want to thank the more
than 170 participants in the Great Plains and
Midwest Harmful Algal Bloom Conference.

Your contributions of expertise, ideas, and
energy at the workshop were essential to its
success.

Addressing the impact of nutri ents on water
quality is one of the top EPA Region 7
environmental priorities. Excess nutrients
lead to harmful algal blooms (HABs) in all
states, which are increasing in their
frequency and magnitude. These toxic algal
blooms can cause severe illness or even
death in people, pets, livestock, and wildlife
by releasing toxins into the aquatic environment that affect liver, kidney and nervous system
functions. Drinking water can also be impacted by HABs, leading to expensive water treatment,
taste, and odor problems, and possible adverse health effects.

EPA scientists have developed the capability to respond rapidly to state and tribal requests for
assistance, including the use of next-generation techniques to assess cyanobacterial communities
and quantify the toxins they produce. EPA has partnered with states, tribes, and other federal
agencies to develop an early warning monitoring tool to detect blooms based on remote-sensing data,
a capability that has proven extremely useful in the midst of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Additionally, EPA continues to reach out to our youth using innovative approaches that engage students
and empowers them to be tomorrow's environmental leaders.

However, much work remains. While many workshops focus on the state of science, this
workshop also focused on actions for the future. Those actions, compiled in this proceedings
document, are meant to focus our efforts as we continue to work together addressing HABs in
freshwater systems throughout the Heartland. I thank you for the work you have already done,
and I challenge you to build on the relationships you formed during this workshop. Embrace
these actions as we address the challenges that HABs pose to the environment and our quality of
life.

Finally, I want to convey my special thanks to the HABs workshop committee for their
leadership in coordinating this event. In addition to EPA Region 7 staff, EPA Region 8, the EPA
Office of Water, the EPA Office of Research and Development, and the University of Kansas-
Edwards stepped up to make this workshop a success.

- Jim Gulliford


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i iHo ul i "Ohir-iits

Executive Summary	1

Short- and Long-term Opportunities	1

Best Practices for the Prevention, Control and Mitigation of HABs	1

Short-term Opportunities	1

Long-term Opportunities	2

Funding Opportunities, Coordination and Collaboration	2

Short-term Opportunities	2

Long-term Opportunities	2

Research Needs on Nutrient Reduction, HABs Mitigation and HABs Management	2

Great Plains and Midwest HABs Workshop Findings	3

Best Management Practices for the Prevention, Control and Mitigation of HABs	3

Successes	3

Challenges	4

Short-term Opportunities	4

Long-term Opportunities	5

Funding Opportunities, Coordination and Collaboration	6

Successes	6

Challenges	7

Short-term Opportunities	7

Long-term Opportunities	8

Research on Nutrient Reduction, HABs Mitigation and HABs Management	8

Successes	8

Challenges	8

Opportunities	9

Appendix A: Workshop Agenda	10

Day 1: Challenges and opportunities for preventing HABs	10

Day 2: Approaches to manage and mitigate HABs in an agricultural dominated landscape... 12
Day 3 Synthesizing information from the first two days of the workshop	14


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Execun

The U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Regions 5, 7 and 8 and EPA Office of Water
hosted a multi-regional harmful algal bloom (HABs) workshop on February 4 - 6, 2020 at the
University of Kansas Edwards Campus in Overland Park, Kansas. The workshop brought
together States, Tribes and agricultural partners from the Great Plains and Midwest, as well as
experts on HABs prevention, mitigation and control; this fostered discussion and strengthened
connections in water quality programs on challenges, research needs and opportunities
for the prevention and control of HABs. The Region 7 Regional Administrator, Jim
Gulliford, was the leadership champion for this effort. The first two days of the workshop
included short presentations by experts on approaches to prevent, control and mitigate HABs as
well as research and funding efforts currently under way to help strengthen our understanding
of HABs and effective approaches for managing them. Workshop participants also broke into
small and large group discussion sessions during each day to discuss their experiences with
successful prevention and control strategies for nutrients and HABs, funding opportunities,
coordination and collaboration strategies and research needs.

The third day of the workshop was attended by a sub-set of workshop participants and was
organized into small break-out group discussions to identify successes, challenges, and
opportunities for addressing HABs in freshwater systems for each of the workshop's three main
themes:

•	Best Practices for the Prevention, Control and Mitigation of HABs

•	Funding Opportunities, Coordination and Collaboration

•	Research on Nutrient Reduction, HABs Mitigation and HABs Management

This proceedings document highlights the successes and challenges the Great Plains and
Midwest workshop participants identified in managing nutrients and HABs. Although most of the
proceedings document summarizes discussions on the third day of the workshop, many themes
identified were similar to those identified during the first two days. This document also provides
a summary of key opportunities that are actionable over short- and long-term timeframes to
prevent, control and manage HABs. Additional information on the workshop agenda can be
found in the Appendix A.

She	)ng-term Opportunities

The short- and long-term opportunities identified by the workshop participants are listed below,
organized into the three main workshop themes. Successful implementation of these
opportunities will require a combination of local, state, regional and national-level activities and
actions, necessitating coordination and partnership across the country and by many different
agencies. The identified research needs are listed without timeframes, as research may be
ongoing and often is longer-term in nature.

Best Practices for the Prevention, Control and Mitigation of HABs
Short-term Opportunities

• Encourage coordination and collaboration among agricultural partners and waterbody
managers;

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•	Develop a Regional or National network of experts on mitigation of HABs to improve the
selection and implementation of in-lake management practices

•	Proactively incorporate HABs into other existing program planning documents, such as 319
watershed-based plans, Hazard Mitigation Plans, Clean Water and Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (SRF) planning and other relevant State and Tribal response action plans;
and

•	Compile and document stories of successful HABs mitigation practices.

Long-term Opportunities

•	Develop tools to facilitate the selection of appropriate prevention and control practices
based on local conditions;

•	Develop tools to assist waterbody managers manage legacy nutrients; and

•	Enhance and improve monitoring and laboratory analytical programs for HABs.

Funding Opportunities, Coordination and Collaboration
Short-term Opportunities

•	Develop HABs-related educational materials and tools to aid in building multi-sector
partnerships; and

•	Develop strategies for building organizational capacity for leveraging funding sources.

Long-term Opportunities

•	Increase cross-regional collaboration to improve HABs management

•	Highlight funding opportunities and enhance grant writing and management skills;

•	Develop HABs workshops and materials specific to Tribal communities; and

•	Improve access to funding for HABs programs and enhance flexibilities in those programs.

Research Needs on Nutrient Reduction, HABs Mitigation and HABs Management

The identified research needs are listed without timeframes, as research may be ongoing and
often is longer-term in nature.

•	Conduct health assessments for additional cyanotoxins of concern;

•	Develop and test new technologies for mitigating HABs at a variety of cost-scales;

•	Assess the economic impacts of HABs at the local and regional level; and

•	Develop and enhance new tools to be incorporated into monitoring programs.

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1 i	• Midwest ': n fkshoj • htbJitb ;s

The information below summarizes the successes, challenges and opportunities on the three
key themes of the workshop identified by participants during the breakout sessions during the
third day. The summary attempts to synthesize the responses provided by participants and
does not reflect the universe of successes, challenges and opportunities discussed.

Best Management Practices for the Prevention, Control and Mitigation of HABs
Successes

waging 319 funding to implement best practices that successfully reduce
nutrients and sediment to waterbodies

Addressing HABs using a watershed approach by implementing a comprehensive watershed-
based plan has demonstrated some success; participants identified that they have observed
some reductions in the frequency and duration of HABs in waterbodies after the implementation
of 319 projects focused on nutrient/sediment reduction. Participants expressed that waterbody
managers have been able to de-list nutrient impacted waterbodies from state 303(d) lists due
to the implementation of 319 funding in these watersheds.

Utilizing low-cost and accessible tools to reduce bloom occurrence and monitoring
costs

Participants in the workshop discussed benefiting from cost-effective interventions and newly
developed tools such as the use of the Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN) as an early
warning monitoring tool to detect blooms based on remote-sensing data. Participants also
discussed the use of barley straw as an effective and low-cost intervention technique in small
waterbodies, such as ponds, to control HABs occurrences. However, there were also
clarifications that this mitigation strategy has limitations. For example, the use of barley straw in
large lakes and during an active bloom has very little effect on mitigating the bloom.

Applying a holistic approach to bloom mitigation and management
Participants recognized that implementing a holistic, systems approach to managing watersheds
is the most effective way to address blooms. Discussions ranged from whole farm planning to
riparian corridor management to in-lake management of sediment and legacy nutrients as
examples of the components of effective watershed management. In one example, to effectively
reduce recurring blooms in an artificial pond, a systems approach was required to address each
of the components responsible for the poor health of the waterbody. The system of interventions
included increasing water turnover, culling the fish population, reducing the amount of fish food
used, and scaling back fertilizer application in the area immediately surrounding the pond.

Creating partnerships and using communication tools to increase HABs awareness
Developing communication tools and utilizing partnership networks yielded success in building
and increasing awareness of HABs. For example, in September 2019, EPA Regions 7 and 8
hosted a Harmful Algal Bloom Video Challenge for high school students. Entrants were asked to
create videos that help people understand how to identify harmful algal blooms and decrease
public safety risks associated with the blooms. Students were encouraged to be creative, have
fun and be a part of an environmental solution. A grand prize winner from each EPA region,
along with winners from each state and each region's combined group of tribal nations, was
selected and awarded cash prizes. These winning videos were highlighted as part of the

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Harmful Algal Bloom workshop and will be used by EPA, State and Tribal environmental
agencies in public outreach initiatives. Reaching out to students in new and innovative ways
increases community HABs awareness as information spreads from students to their parents
and other community members.

Challenges

Spatial disconnect between best practices in critical implementation areas and the
impacted waterbodies

The physical distance between many agricultural producers and the waterbodies affected by
their conservation practices make it hard for some to understand their role in HABs prevention
and mitigation. While education can help reveal the interconnectedness of the watershed,
spatial disconnect has proven to be a persistent barrier.

High entry cost of best practices implementation

Fluctuations in the farm economy may prevent agricultural producers from investing in
prevention efforts. For example, in years when commodity prices are down producers may feel
pressure to farm every acre, and when prices are up, they want maximize profits. Thus, the
idea that conservation may impact farm profitability is a significant challenge in the adoption
rate of conservation practices/prevention efforts.

Additionally, HABs mitigation, control and prevention practices often have high start-up costs
preventing their adoption. With a lack of dedicated funding, financial restraints limit what types
of practices waterbody managers can adopt. Many best practices are long-term, high-
investment solutions which can make implementation difficult especially when watershed
improvements may not be measured for decades.

Lack of knowledge on HABs in lake control and mitigation efforts
Participants highlighted that the lack of guidance and consensus on effectiveness of in-lake
management efforts is particularly challenging. Without this knowledge, it is hard to select the
appropriate approach without knowing if these practices are equally effective when applied
across a diverse spectrum of lake conditions. Additionally, not knowing the lag time between
implementation and measured results amplifies the concerns created by the lack of
effectiveness information.

Short-term Opportunities

Encourage coordination and collaboration among agricultural partners and
waterbody managers

Enhancing regional HABs program coordination with agricultural partners (United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA), University Extension, local COOPs, certified crop consultants,
etc.) to assist with HABs messaging and management is crucial for addressing HABs. EPA,
working with USDA, state, tribal and local agricultural partners could continue to look for
opportunities to establish effective communication with local agricultural producers that
reinforces the importance of on-farm management in preventing HABs and provides agricultural
producer support from start to finish of the implementation process. Coordinating and
collaborating with local champions increases producer trust, which can lead to supporting the
adoption of best practices.

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Develop a Regional or National network of experts on m/ligation of HABs to improve

the selection and implementation of in lake management practices
Participants recommended the development of a network of experts on mitigation of HABs in
lakes modeled after a science advisory consortium and directed by a steering committee. Upon
request, this network of experts would provide science-based input at the regional and state
levels on issues pertaining to HABs management and mitigation. In particular, participants
noted the need for technical expertise in selecting appropriate mitigation strategies, tools for
effectively implementing those strategies based on lake-specific constraints, and aid in
assessing and documenting the effectiveness of mitigation technologies. In development of this
network, coordination will continue with other HABs efforts such as the Interstate Regulatory
and Technology Council (ITRC) and other partners.

Proactively incorporate HABs into other existing program planning documents, such

watershed based plans. Hazard Mitigation Plans, Clean Water and Drinking
Water State Revolving Fund (SRF) planning and other relevant State and Tribal
response action plans

Participants suggested that watershed action plans as well as HABs management goals be
established for each HAB-impacted waterbody to better assess, coordinate and manage HABs.
Once this information is developed those management objectives, assessments, etc. can be
incorporated into Watershed Action Plans, State Emergency Response Plans, EPA's §319
Watershed based plans, FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Plans, etc. These plans allow watershed
managers to utilize resources and leverage funds to implement protection and management
measures needed to improve waterbodies impacted by blooms.

Compile and document stories of successful HAB mitigation practices
To inform successful implementation of mitigation practices, documenting success stories for
managing HABs would be beneficial. Monitoring the effectiveness of site-specific management
practices employed would be critical for summarizing successes as well as lessons learned about
effectiveness of mitigation practices. The participants suggested developing a database to
collect the information on existing best practices and the success or failure of interventions
within waterbodies This resource will contribute to a better understanding of effectiveness of
those practices.

Long-term Opportunities

Develop tools to facilitate the selection of appropriate prevention and control
practices based on local conditions

To assist in the best practice selection and decision process, the participants suggested
developing a HABs action flowchart or decision tree to help users identify the best practices to
control and manage HABs that are most applicable to their waterbody conditions.

Develop tools to assist waterbody managers manage legacy nutrients
Developing a framework for in-lake nutrient management mitigation in order to manage legacy
nutrients is essential. While it is important to also consider upstream pollutants, there is an
opportunity to address nutrients already stored in lakes from decades of nutrient pollution.

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Enhance and improve monitoring and laboratory analytical programs for HABs
Improving the extent and capacity of HABs monitoring programs is important for understanding
their impact. Enhancing monitoring programs could include dedicated funding to improve the
frequency of HABs monitoring and use of state-of-the-art technologies. Additionally, participants
emphasized the need for enhanced laboratory analytical capacities to measure HABs within the
states, tribes and regions.

Funding Opportunities, Coordination and Collaboration
Successes

Utilizing SRF funding for non-point source pollution reduction

Participants shared examples of leveraging Clean Water SRF (CWSRF) for HABs prevention. For
example, Kansas purchased high-boy cover crop interseeders using CWSRF funds to promote
incorporation of cover crops into row crop agricultural systems as a tool for HABs prevention.
The interseeders were made available for use by four agricultural co-ops, provided that the co-
ops hired personnel to drive and maintain the interseeders and to market the cover crop service
to their clients. After 3 years, the co-op could purchase the interseeder or let it move on to
another interested service provider. These interseeders contribute to HABs prevention because
cover crops reduce nutrient loss by building soil organic matter and enhancing soil health. In
addition, Iowa, Oregon and Ohio have funded nonpoint source pollution and point source
projects using a sponsorship option in their CWSRF programs. This option leverages funding
allowing for concurrent implementation of both point and nonpoint source projects by reducing
the overall interest rate for the loan. Finally, a portion of the Drinking Water SRF (DWSRF) can
be set aside by States to be used to ensure the delivery of safe drinking water. In cases where
the source of drinking water is impacted by a HAB, these funds can be utilized for prevention
and mitigation efforts.

Promoting soil health using 379 funding

In 2018, the State of Kansas utilized 319 funding to provide a grant to an agricultural producer
to lease a no-till planter outfitted with precision technology and a dry fertilizer cart to deliver
nutrients in the optimal location for plant uptake. In return, the producer maintained the drill,
converted his 7,000 row crop acres to no-till, and was required to recruit 3,000 acres of
neighboring lands per year to implement similar practices. The project has been so successful
that the producer decided to purchase the planter outright and between 30,000 and 50,000
acres are expected to be converted to no-till after 5 years. This change in land management will
result in substantially increased soil organic matter, reduction in irrigation, reduction in nutrient
loss due to runoff and enhanced producer profit.

Developing Innovative Partnerships and Funding Sources

Local municipalities, utilities, water providers and other local entities such as watershed districts
with taxing authority represent an underutilized opportunity for partnership and a new source of
funding. For example, WaterOne is one of Kansas City's largest water providers and a leader in
the development and implementation of a Regional Conservation Partnership Program effort
awarded by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The focus of this project was
prevention of HABs in an upstream reservoir that empties into a river that serves as one of their
primary sources of untreated water. Along with their partners, they were able to invest several
million dollars in conservation to keep nutrients out of the reservoir.

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Challenges

Funding and personnel shortages

Funding and personnel shortages were common challenges identified by many workshop
participants. Consequently, many participants shared that their states are limited to small-scale
rather than state-wide monitoring and HABs mitigation efforts; programs tend to be almost
entirely reactive to individual HAB incidents rather than strategically proactive in both their
monitoring and mitigation efforts. Furthermore, with limited personnel, states and tribes are
more vulnerable to losing crucial capacity needed to implement all aspects of their HABs
programs.

Obtaining and utilizing funding

Extramural funding opportunities to address HABs are limited, and when identified application
requirements can be disjointed and complex. Securing extramural funding with complex
application requirements necessitates resources and programmatic capacity that is often limited
or nonexistent. Additionally, programs often have state or locally mandated limitations on the
use of funding, preventing a consistent holistic approach to addressing HABs.

Multiple funding priorities and little or no consistent funding

Prioritizing and allocating HABs funding can be challenging, especially when several activities

need to be executed, such as monitoring, developing outreach materials or a HABs response

plan. Without consistent, readily available funding, it is difficult to sustain partnerships and

leverage external funding sources when they become available. These multi-agency, multi-

interest collaborations are required if waterbody managers wish to effectively address HABs

issues.

Short-term Opportunities

Develop HABs related educational materials and tools to aid in building mult/ sector

partnerships

Coalitions that cover drinking water providers and utilities, agricultural interests, tourism, health
care and recreational users help build and sustain the momentum necessary to address the
breadth of harmful algal bloom impacts and issues. To leverage these partnerships, clear and
informative outreach campaigns are needed to educate this diverse group of users and the
general public and engage them in becoming part of the solution. Participants recommended
creating a document that details the factors driving the formation of HABs within a watershed
and connecting the impact of blooms to all water users. This document could serve as an
outreach tool for watershed groups.

Develop strategies for building organizational capacity for leveraging funding
sources

Participants noted the need for case studies that illustrate how organizations have expanded
partnerships and leveraged funding opportunities to obtain sustained funding for HABs-related
activities.

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Long-term Opportunities

Increase cross regional collaboration to improve HABs management
Participants proposed several methods to educate stakeholders and program managers on
funding opportunities. One suggestion was to hold more in-person workshops that brought all
parties involved in the funding process together. Bringing local partners into contact with state
funding personnel could help identify partnerships for future funding.

Highlight funding opportunities and enhance grant writing and management skills
To reach an even broader audience, participants suggested developing a funding webinar series
or educational video. Additional suggestions highlighted the need to provide training on grant-
writing and other grant management skills.

Develop HABs workshops and materials specific ia! communities
Holding HABs workshops with a specific focus on the unique challenges and opportunities of
Tribal communities is an important step to providing tribal programs with the necessary tools to
monitor, track, respond to and mitigate HABs.

Improve access to funding for HABs programs and enhance flexibilities in those
programs

Several participants from state agencies said that dedicated, discretionary HABs funding would
be very beneficial, allowing them to expand their programs to be proactive rather than purely
reactive in managing HABs. Additionally, there is a need to analyze existing funding restrictions
and look for opportunities to increase flexibility in programs that fund HAB-related activities. For
example, it is not uncommon to identify grant funds to buy advanced monitoring equipment,
however, the same grant does not allow the funding to pay for the labor of trained staff to use
the equipment in the field.

Research on Nutrient Reduction, HABs Mitigation and HABs Management

Successes
HABs monitoring and assessment

Participants praised United States Geological Survey (USGS), other federal agencies, and
nonprofit groups for conducting HABs monitoring and assessment work that state-level research
could use as a foundation. Opportunities to have external parties conduct pilot studies on new
monitoring, management, and mitigation techniques helps support state/tribal HABs efforts.

Innovations in monitoring technologies and monitoring programs
Participants noted successful innovations in monitoring techniques including CyAN and MBio
Diagnostic's HABs Toxin System, a monitoring and detection system now implemented in Lake
Erie to gather data that will be used to forecast future blooms.

Challenges

Funding cycles limit research programs at academic universities

Consistent funding is an issue for academic institutions. Universities often do not have the

funding to run individual laboratory samples as they come in, so they run them in large batches

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at the end of funding cycles or projects. This can significantly impact results and limit response
activities and research, especially considering the sporadic nature of cyanotoxin detections in
waterbodies.

Additional research on the impacts of cyanotoxins

Cyanotoxins have potential widespread impacts on our health, food and the environment.
Although some health effects are known from ingesting cyanotoxins in water, critical research
gaps from other exposure pathways remain unknown, as well as the adverse impacts to the
environment and wildlife from exposure to cyanotoxins. Furthermore, the effects of specific
cyanotoxins on food quality and safety and the effects on crops irrigated with water
contaminated with these cyanotoxins largely remains unknown.

Research on emerging cyanotoxins

While valuable information is available for some cyanotoxins, little information has been
published about emerging cyanotoxins and their metabolites. Specifically, development of
analytical methods and investigation of the effects of these cyanotoxins on human health and
the environment.

Lack of shared standards and practices

Participants highlighted the need for universal standards to aid in ecological and human health
toxicity studies related to cyanotoxins and their congeners. Additionally, there continues to be a
need for standardized analytical methods for many cyanotoxins.

Opportunities

Conduct health assessments for additional cyanotoxins of concern
Conducting new research into health assessments for emerging cyanotoxins to better
understand their dynamics and effects on human and animal health is needed to improve
understanding and protect public health.

Develop and test new technologies for mitigating HABs at a variety of cost scales
Investing in research to evaluate the effectiveness of new and existing HABs mitigation
techniques across various cost scales ensures that water body managers can compare
mitigation technologies and select the option that best fits the physical characteristics of their
water bodies and their operational constraints.

Assess the economic impacts of HABs at the local and regional level

Additional information on the economic impacts related to HABs is needed to assess the true

consequences of a bloom across multiple sectors within the watershed.

Develop and enhance new tools to be incorporated into monitoring programs
Continue to develop easy to use, cost effective tools for monitoring and assessment of
cyanotoxins in water and other media such as soil, plants and agricultural products. Developers
should pay special attention to how users interface with these tools to ensure that they are
accessible to a wide audience, from state and tribal agencies to water body managers.

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Apper	shop Agenda

Day 1; Challenges and opportunities for preventing HABs

Welcome and opening remarks - Jim Gulliford, United States Environmental Protection
Agency (US EPA) Region 7 Administrator

Welcome video - Andrew Wheeler, US EPA Administrator

Participant introductions - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

Plenary speaker: Cyanotoxin Occurrence in the United States - A 20 Year Retrospective -
Jennifer Graham, United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Nutrient reduction tools - Session Lead: Hannah Riedl, Montana Department of
Environmental Quality

•	Water Quality Trading for Nutrients - Amelia Letnes, US EPA Office of Water
(OW)

•	Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT) - Mindy Selman, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA)

•	Soil Health: Why Should We Care?- Jimmy Emmons, USDA

•	Water Quality Wetlands in Iowa - Shawn Richmond, Iowa Nutrient Research &
Education Council (INREC)

•	Discussion

Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) in Milford Lake Watershed - case study of
leveraging USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) programs - Session Lead:
Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

•	Understanding the Science of Phosphorus Loading and Designing Programs to Affect
Phosphorus Reduction - Andy Lyon, Kansas Department of Health and
Environment (KDHE)

•	Building Local Partnerships to Implement Collaborative Conservation Programs - Matt
Unruh, Kansas Water Office

•	Conservation Accomplishments and Opportunities in the Milford Watershed - Dean
Krehbiel, USDA NRCS Kansas

•	Discussion

Funding source water protection initiatives for the reduction of excess nutrients and HABs -
Session Lead: Tina Laidlaw, US EPA Region 8

•	Role of Section 319 and Opportunities for Partnership - Lynda Hall, US EPA OW

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•	Source Water Protection: New (and Old) Opportunities for Implementation - Kara
Goodwin, US EPA OW

•	South Dakota Seasonal Riparian Area Management (SRAM) Impacts on the Big Sioux
River Watershed Project - Barry Berg, East Dakota Water Development District

•	Wading Into an RCPP-Utilities Collaborating with Producers - Darci Meese and
Michael Armstrong, Water One

•	Discussion

State roundtable - state experiences preventing nutrient enrichment and HABs - Session
Lead: Josh Strobel, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural
Resources

•	Minnesota Efforts to Reduce Nutrient Enrichment - Pam Anderson, Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency

•	Scaling Up Conservation Using Section 319 Nonpoint Source Grant Program and the
Clean Water Act State Revolving Fund (SRF) - Amanda Reed, KDHE

•	Boysen Nutrient Initiative-Proactively Working to Reduce HCBs at a High-Priority
Wyoming Reservoir - Jennifer Zygmunt, Wyoming Department of
Environmental Quality

•	Discussion

Wrap-up and adjourn - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

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Day 2; Approaches to manage and mitigate HABs in an agricultural dominated
landscape

Welcome - Jeff Robichaud, US EPA Region 7 Water Division Director

Mitigation Strategies for Harmful Cyanobacteria Blooms - Kevin Sellner, Hood College

Choosing Appropriate Approaches) for HAB Mitigation: A Real-life Example - David Caron,
University of Southern California

State case studies on best practices for HABs management and mitigation - Session Lead:
Sarah Erickson, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

•	An Overview of the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) HCB Project
- Ben Holcomb, Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UT DEQ)

•	United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Kansas City District Regional
Research Update -Marvin Boyer, USACE Kansas City District

•	Source Water Management and Mitigation Strategies in Ohio - Ruth Briland, Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency

•	Discussion

Partnerships in action - Session Lead: Mike Archer, Nebraska Department of
Environmental Quality

•	Building Successful Partnerships - Rowing the Same Direction - Ted Harris, Kansas
Biological Survey and Laura Webb, US EPA Region 7

•	Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN) Project- Wilson Sails, US EPA/OR ISE
Research Fellow and Utah's Process to Integrate CyAN Project Data into their HAB
Response Program - Ben Holcomb, UT DEQ

•	The Lake Superior Collaborative's Algal Bloom Subgroup: Partnering for Nearshore
Cyanobacteria! Bloom Monitoring, Research, and Public Health Outreach - Gina
LaLiberte, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

•	Upper Mississippi River (UMR) HAB Response Resource Manual- Lauren Salvato,
Upper Mississippi River Basin Association

•	Discussion

Science in action - Session Lead: Aaron Parker, Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality

•	Updates and Insights from Monitoring CyanoHABs in Iowa's Lakes with Multi-
waveiength Fluorescence - Betsy Swanner, Iowa State University

•	Landscape Influences on Cyanobacteria Harmful Algal Blooms - Wilson Sails, US
EPA ORD

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•	Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Fields in the Lake Erie Basin:
A Synthesis- Yongping Yuan, US EPA ORD

•	Do Landscape Water Storage Features Mediate Nutrient Loads in the Upper Mississippi
River Basin? - Heather Golden, US EPA ORD

•	Discussion

Break into small groups for discussion - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

•	Topic 1: Best practices for HABs and nutrient reduction and management.

Discussion Leads: Joe Nett, North Dakota Department of Environmental
Quality and Amy Shields, US EPA Region 7

•	Topic 2: Funding opportunities, coordination and collaboration. Discussion Leads:
Lynn Milberg, Missouri Department of Natural Resources and Kara
Goodwin, US EPA OW

•	Topic 3: Nutrient reduction, HABs mitigation and HABs management research.
Discussion Leads: Elizabeth Smith, KDHE and Kassia Groszewski, Indiana
Department of Environmental Management

Small group discussion report out to the large group - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

Wrap-up and adjourn - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

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Day 3 Synthesizing informal! m the first two days of the workshop

Overview of Day 3 goals - Jim Gulliford, US EPA Region 7 Administrator Summary of
input from the last session of Day 2 - Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

•	Topic 1: Best practices for HABs and nutrient reduction and management.

•	Topic 2: Funding opportunities, coordination and collaboration.

•	Topic 3: Nutrient reduction, HABs mitigation and HABs management research.
Day 3 Workshop Objectives and Goals

•	Share information and build relationships among federal, state, and tribal water
quality programs by making connections and identifying shared harmful algal bloom-
related goals, needs, and barriers, particularly as they relate to harmful algal bloom
prevention and source water protection in an agricultural dominated landscape.

•	Develop a shared understanding of best practices for preventing HABs in an
agricultural dominated landscape and protecting source water quality in the Midwest
and Great Plains.

•	Develop a proceedings document that highlights the next steps and key actions
programs can take to address common HABs-related goals, needs, and barriers.

•	Encourage the application of new science-based approaches by strengthening the
network of HABs professionals in the Midwest and Great Plains

Break into small group discussions based on topics - Session Lead: Steve Schaff, US EPA
Region 7

Session Goal: Synthesize information from the first two days of the workshop to identify
successes, barriers, and opportunities for addressing HABs in the following three topic areas:

•	Topic 1: Best practices for HABs and nutrient reduction and management. Small
group discussion lead: Amy Shields, US EPA Region 7

•	Topic 2: Funding opportunities, coordination and collaboration. Small group
discussion lead: Kara Goodwin, US EPA OW

•	Topic 3: Nutrient reduction, HABs mitigation and HABs management research. Small
group discussion lead: Katie Foreman, US EPA OW

Report out from small group discussions - Session Lead: Steve Schaff, US EPA Region 7

Large group discussion: identifying immediate and long-term next steps - Session Lead: Tina
Laidlaw, US EPA Region 8

Session Goal: Identify steps and key actions programs can take to address common HABs-
related goals, needs, and barriers.

Wrap-up and adjourn - Jeff Robichaud, US EPA Region 7 Water Division Director

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Midwest and Great Plains HABs Workshop materials can be found at:

https://www.epa.aov/ks/areat-plains-and-midwest-harmful-algal-bloom-conference

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