2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
GHGRP 2021: Reported Data
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Background
As directed by Congress, EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
(GHGRP) collects annual greenhouse gas information from the top-
emitting sectors of the U.S. economy (Table 1). The GHGRP is the only
dataset containing facility-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data
from major industrial sources across the United States. With twelve
years of reporting for most sectors, GHGRP data provide important
information on industrial emissions—showing variation in emissions
within an industry, across geographic areas, and over time at the sector
and facility level. EPA uses these data to improve estimates of national
greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and to
inform regulatory actions and voluntary emission reduction efforts.
This document summarizes national industrial sector emissions and
trends.
Table 1: GHGRP Sector Classifications
Power Plants
Refineries
Chemicals
Fluorinated
Chemicals
Waste
- Electricity
- Petroleum
- Adipic Acid Production
- Fluorinated
- Municipal
Generation
Refineries
- Ammonia Manufacturing
Gas Production
Landfills
- Hydrogen Production
- HCFC-22
- Industrial Waste
- Nitric Acid Production
Production/
Landfills
- Phosphoric Acid Production
HFC-23
- Industrial
- Petrochemical Production
Destruction
Wastewater
- Silicon Carbide Production
Treatment
- Titanium Dioxide Production
- Solid Waste
- Other Chemicals Production
Combustion
Metals
Minerals
Pulp & Paper
Petroleum & Natural Gas Systems -
Direct Emissions
- Aluminum Production
- Cement Production
- Chemical Pulp &
- Onshore Production
- Ferroalloy Production
- Glass Production
Paper
- Offshore Production
- Iron & Steel Production
- Lime Manufacturing
Manufacturing
- Gathering and Boosting
- Lead Production
- Soda Ash
- Other Paper
- Natural Gas Processing
- Zinc Production
Manufacturing
Producers
- Natural Gas Trans. Comp.
- Magnesium Production
- Other Minerals
- Natural Gas Trans. Pipelines
- Other Metals Production
Production
- Natural Gas Distribution
- Underground Natural Gas Storage
- Liquefied Natural Gas Storage
- Liquefied Natural Gas Imp./Exp.
- Other Petroleum and Natural Gas
Systems
All emissions presented here reflect
the most recent information
reported to EPA as of 8/12/2022.
The reported emissions exclude
biogenic CO2. GHG data displayed
here in units of carbon dioxide
equivalent (CC^e) reflect the global
warming potential (GWP) values
from Table A-1 of 40 CFR 98, which
is generally based on the IPCC AR4.
with the addition of GWPs from the
IPCC AR5 fluorinated GHGs that did
not have GWPs in the AR4.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report Overview
Miscellaneous Combustion
Sources
Electrical Equipment
Electronics
Manufacturing
Mining
- Stationary Fuel
Combustion Sources at
facilities that are not part
of any other sector,
including Food Processing,
Ethanol Production,
General Manufacturing,
Universities, Military
Installations, Others
- Electrical
Equipment
Manufacture &
Refurbishment
- Electrical
Transmission and
Distribution
Equipment Use
- Electronics
Manufacturing
- Underground Coal Mines
Carbon Dioxide Supply and
Injection
Petroleum Product
Suppliers
Natural Gas and
NGL Suppliers
Industrial Gas Suppliers
- Suppliers of CO2
- Injection of CO2
- Geologic Sequestration of
C02
- Suppliers of Coal-
Based Liquid Fuels
- Suppliers of
Petroleum Products
- Fractionators of
Natural Gas
Liquids
- Local Natural Gas
Distribution
Companies
- Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse
Gases
- Imports and Exports of Equipment
Pre-charged with Fluorinated GHGs or
Containing Fluorinated GHGs in
Closed-cell Foams
The GHGRP does not represent total U.S. GHG emissions, but provides facility level data for large sources of direct
emissions, thus including the majority of U.S. GHG emissions. The GHGRP data collected from direct emitters
represent about half of all U.S. emissions. When including greenhouse gas information reported by suppliers to the
GHGRP, emissions coverage reaches approximately 85-90% (See Figure 1). The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020 contains information on all GHG emissions sources and sinks in the United States.
Learn more about the differences between the Inventory and the GHGRP.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Figure 1: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
1 Covers 100% of emissions from aO
sources and sinks at national level.
2 Covers GHGs reported by large
emitters and fuel/gas suppliers within
these sectors.
Suppliers report the quantity of GHGs that would be emitted if the fuels and industrial GHGs that they place into
the economy each year are used/released. Emissions associated with these fuels and industrial gases do not occur
at the supplier's facility but instead occur throughout the country wherever they are used. An example of this is
gasoline, which is supplied into the U.S. economy by a relatively small number of entities and consumed by many
individual vehicles throughout the country. The majority of GHG emissions associated with the transportation,
residential, and commercial sectors are accounted for by these suppliers. This document focuses on data reported
by direct emitters. Data reported by suppliers can be viewed through the suppliers section of the Facility Level
Information on GreenHouse gases Tool (FLIGHT). Learn more about suppliers and their 2021 reported data.
Table 2: Overview of GHG Data Reported (2021)
Direct emitters
Number of facilities that reported
direct GHG emissions
7,608
Direct emissions reported (billion
metric tons CChe)
2.71
Suppliers of fuel and industrial gases
Number of suppliers
966
Carbon dioxide injection
Number of carbon dioxide injection
facilities
87
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Who Reports?
For 2021, 7,608 direct emitters submitted a GHG report. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems sector had the
largest number of reporting facilities, followed by the Waste sector and the Power Plants Sector. Among suppliers,
Suppliers of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids had the largest number of reporting facilities.
Table 3: Number of Direct Emitters that Reported (2021)
Industry Sector
Number of Reporters3
Power Plants
1,326
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
2,379
Refineries
137
Chemicals
459
Fluorinated Chemicals
17
Non-Fluorinated Chemicals
442
Waste
1,460
Metals
299
Minerals
373
Pulp and Paper
214
Other
1,304
Underground Coal Mines
60
Electrical Equipment Production & Use
95
Electronics Manufacturing
47
Miscellaneous Combustion
1,102
a Totals sum to more than 7,608 because facilities with production processes in more than one sector are counted multiple times.
Table 4: Number of Suppliers that Reported (2021)
Supply Sector
Number of Reporters3
Suppliers of Coal-Based Liquid Fuels
1
Suppliers of Petroleum Products
230
Suppliers of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids
Natural Gas Distribution
365
Natural Gas Liquids Fractionation
119
Suppliers of Industrial GHGs and Products Containing GHGs
Industrial GHGs
98
Imports and Exports of Equipment Pre-charged
with Fluorinated GHGs or Containing
Fluorinated GHGs in Closed-cell Foams
44
Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide
128
a Totals sum to more than 966 because suppliers that fall into more than one sector are counted multiple times.
Reported Emissions
In 2021, 2.7 billion metric tons C02e were reported by direct emitters. The largest emitting sector was the Power
Plant Sector with 1.6 billion metric tons C02e, followed by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems Sector with 312
million metric tons (MMT) C02e and the Chemicals Sector with 186 MMT C02e (non-fluorinated and fluorinated
chemicals combined). This information, as well as average emissions per reporter, is shown in the following chart
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Figure 2: GHG Emissions Reported by Sector (2021)
Emissions (million metric tons C02e)
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800
Power Plants
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
Non-Fluorinated Chemicals
Refineries
Minerals
Waste
Other Combustion
Metals
Pulp and Paper
Underground Coal Mines
Fluorinated Chemicals
Electronics Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment Production and Use
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0.41
1.20
P^l
1
0.311
p
I
0.07
Average
Emissions per
Reporter
(MMT C02E)
View this information in FLIGHT.
Emission Trends
National level trends in greenhouse gas emissions are available through Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020 (April 2022). The GHGRP is different from the U.S. GHG inventory in that it
collects information from the largest stationary sources in the U.S. and provides nearly complete emissions
coverage for many of the largest emitting industries. Trends in emissions reported for individual industries are
discussed in the industry-specific reports.
The U.S. GHG Inventory is not yet available for 2021. For sources reporting to the GHGRP, emissions decreased
9.0% from 2019 to 2020. Between 2011 and 2021, GHGRP-reported direct emissions from sectors other than oil
and gas (e.g., excluding suppliers) decreased 22.6%. This decline is primarily caused by the decline in reported
emissions from power plants, which decreased 29% over the same period.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Table 5: Emissions Trends for U.S. GHG Inventory and GHGRP (2011-2021)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
U.S. GHG Inventory3
Total
emissions
(million
metric tons
C02e]
6,845.1
6,606.5
6,784.5
6,843.4
6,689.0
6,537.9
6,501.0
6,687.5
6,571.7
5,981.4
Not
available
Percent
change in
emissions
from
-3.5%
2.7%
0.9%
-2.3%
-2.3%
-0.6%
2.9%
-1.7%
-9.0%
Not
available
previous
year
GHGRP
Number of
direct-
emitting
facilities
7,645
7,896
7,985
8,209
8,052
7,672
7,587
7,686
7,688
7,634
7,608
Direct
emissions
(million
metric tons
C02e]
3,318.4
3,169.3
3,189.6
3,204.0
3,058.1
2,987.2b
2,926.3b
2,988.7b
2,858.5b
2,602.lb
2,708.4b
Percent
change in
emissions
from
—
-4.5%
0.6%
0.5%
-4.6%
-2.3%
-2.0%
2.3%
-4.4%
-9.0%
4.1%
previous
year
a Inventory data from Inventoiy of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2020 (April 2022], Table ES-2.
b GHG data for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems source categoiy is not directly comparable between 2011-2015 and 2016 onward.
Facilities in the Onshore Oil & Gas, Gathering & Boosting, and Onshore Gas Transmission Pipelines industry segments began reporting in
2016.
Table 6: Annual Emissions by Sector in MMT C02e (2011-2021)
Sector
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Power Plants
2,221.7
2,089.5
2,105.7
2,101.7
1,972.3
1,875.1
1,799.4
1,814.8
1,668.7
1,495.0
1,589.1
Petroleum &
Natural Gas
Systems
222.3
225.7
228.0
235.7
236.4
276.7a
288.3a
317.0a
347.la
314.2a
312.2a
Chemicals
180.4
173.0
174.6
177.1
177.1
177.1
184.5
191.8
186.95
184.4
186.5
Fluorinated
Chemicals
17.3
14.4
13.4
11.7
10.3
7.6
9.9
8.2
9.2
6.4
6.6
Non-fluorinated
Chemicals
163.1
158.6
161.2
165.4
166.8
169.6
174.6
183.6
177.4
178.0
179.9
Refineries
178.2
172.6
174.3
175.3
176.9
180.9
179.0
182.1
177.8
160.8
164.9
Minerals
103.2
107.8
111.5
117.0
115.0
110.8
114.4
116.1
114.9
109.4
114.3
Waste
114.9
115.0
111.3
111.9
110.0
106.5
104.9
107.5
108.9
105.5
103.3
Metals
112.0
106.8
106.9
104.5
91.4
88.3
88.8
92.2
89.9
77.9
82.4
Pulp & Paper
44.2
42.8
39.4
39.3
38.4
37.5
35.4
35.7
35.4
35.0
34.9
Other
141.6
136.0
137.8
141.6
140.5
134.4
131.5
131.4
129.3
119.7
121.0
Underground
Coal Mines
40.9
38.8
41.0
41.2
43.9
39.2
38.2
36.0
35.0
30.8
29.1
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Sector
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Electrical
Equipment
Production & Use
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.4
2.6
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.9
2.5
2.5
Electronics
Manufacturing
7.0
6.4
5.2
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.3
5.9
5.9
6.4
Miscellaneous
Combustion
89.5
87.4
88.2
90.7
87.6
85.9
84.6
86.8
85.4
80.4
83.0
a GHG data for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems source categoiy is not directly comparable between 2011-2015 and 2016 onward.
Facilities in the Onshore Oil & Gas gathering & Boosting and Onshore Gas Transmission Pipelines industry segments began reporting in
2016.
Figure 3: Trends in Direct GHG Emissions (2011-2021)a'b,c
3,000
1,000
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Power Plants
400
350
300
cu 250
CM
O
200
to
c
o
u
+->
E
c
o
to
c
o
'to
to
150
100
50
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
Fluorinated Chemicals
Minerals
Metals
Underground Coal Mines
^^Electronics Manufacturing
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Non-Fluorinated Chemicals
Refineries
— Waste
Pulp and Paper
Electrical Equipment Production and Use
^^Other Combustion
a Non-Fluorinated Chemicals and Fluorinated Chemicals are components of "Chemicals" in FLIGHT.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
b Miscellaneous Combustion, Underground Coal Mines, Electronics Manufacturing and Electrical Equipment Production & Use fall within the
"Other" categoiy in FLIGHT.
c GHG data for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems source categoiy is not directly comparable between 2011-2015 and 2016 onward.
Facilities in the Onshore Oil & Gas gathering & Boosting and Onshore Gas Transmission Pipelines industiy segments began reporting in
2016.
Emissions by GHG
Carbon dioxide is the GHG emitted in the largest quantities. The 2.5 billion metric tons of CO2 reported for 2021
represent 91.3% of the GHGs reported in 2021. Methane emissions represent about 7.3% of reported 2020 GHG
emissions, N2O represents 0.9%, and fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3, Other Fully Fluorinated GHGs, HFEs,
Very Short Lived Compounds, Other) represent 0.5% (see Figure 4).
Figure 4: Direct Emissions by GHG (2021)
Emissions (million metric tons C02e)
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
2,500
3,000
Carbon Dioxide
50
100
150
200
250
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
PFCs
HFCs
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Nitrogen Triflouride
Other Fully Fluorinated GHGs
Other
HFEs
Very Short-lived Compounds
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
The table below lists the primary sectors that emit each GHG.
Table 7: Largest Sources of GHG Emissions
Greenhouse
Gas
Source Categories Contributing Most to
Emissions3
Sectors Contributing Most to Emissions
C02
Electricity Generation [D], Stationary Combustion
fC]
Power Plants, Petroleum and Natural Gas
Systems, Refineries
ch4
Municipal Landfills [HH], Petroleum & Natural Gas
Systems [W]
Waste, Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
n2o
Nitric Acid Production (V), Adipic Acid Production
(E), Electricity Generation (D)
Chemicals, Power Plants
PFCs
Electronics Manufacturers (I), Fluorinated GHG
Production [L]
Other, Chemicals
HFCs
HCFC-22 Production and HFC-23 Destruction (0),
Fluorinated Gas Production [L]
Chemicals
SFe
SFe from Electrical Equipment [DD], Electronics
Manufacturers (I)
Other
NFs
Electronics Manufacturers (I), Fluorinated Gas
Production (U)
Other, Chemicals
a These source categories account for 75% or more of the reported emissions of the corresponding GHG. The subpart which the emissions
were reported under is shown in parentheses.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Geographic Distribution of Emissions
Figure 5: Location and Total Reported Emissions from GHGRP Facilities (2021)
1.
GHGRP2021
Facility Emissions
(metric tons C02e)
Legend
Q Jim ¦ 20,998,639
O IiM
O WM
O
O "M
O 1»M
O SJ«
O 2.7M
0 Mk 0
This map shows the locations of direct-emitting facilities. The size of a circle corresponds to the quantity of
emissions reported by that facility. There are also facilities located in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and
Guam.
Readers can identify facilities in their state, territory, county, or city by visiting FLIGHT.
Because it generally applies to facilities that emit greater than 25,000 metric tons C02e per year, the GHGRP
provides total reported emissions from large stationary sources in each state. Figure 6 shows the reported
emissions in each state broken out by industrial sector.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Figure 6: Direct GHG Emissions by State and Sector (2021)
State emissions totals do not include emissions from the Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems Onshore Production and Gathering
and boosting segments, as these emissions are reported at the geologic basin level, which may cross state boundaries. State
emission totals also do not include emissions from electric distribution systems, which are reported at the corporate level, and
cannot be allocated to individual states.
2021 Emissions (million metric tons C02e)
100 200 300
400
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District Of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
¦1
¦ 1
II
II
¦ Power Plants
¦ Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems
Refineries
Non-Fluorinated Chemicals
¦ Fluorinated Chemicals
Minerals
I Waste
¦ Metals
¦ Pulp and Paper
¦ Underground Coal Mines
¦ Electrical Equipment Production and Use
¦ Electronics Manufacturing
¦ Other Combustion
This chart reflects total emissions from
stationary sources reported to the GHGRP.
About half of total U.S. emissions are
reported to the GHGRP by these emitters.
The chart does not include emissions from
the transportation and agricultural sectors
and facilities whose emissions are below
the 25,000 metric tons C02e reporting
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Emissions Ranges
The GHGRP provides a robust dataset that can be used to determine the number of facilities at various emissions
levels in many industry sectors. The GHGRP can also be used to determine the total GHG emissions from individual
facilities, including emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other processes. This information is valuable for
planning future policies. GHGRP data provide policy makers with a better understanding of the number of facilities
and total emissions that would be covered by potential GHG reduction policies for various industries.
Figure 7: Percentage of All Reporting Facilities at Various Emission Ranges3 (2021)
25.0%
(D 20.0%
DJO
c
ro
cC
"D
ro 15.0%
u
~o
_c
+-»
ro
8 io.o%
u
1790
c
Cl)
u
(D
CL
5.0%
0.0%
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
0-25 25-50 50-100 100-250 250-1,000 >1,000
Emission Ranges (thousand metric tons of C02e)
Percent of Facilities at Indicated Range ^—Cumulative Emissions
(D
rsi
o
u
tO
c
o
0)
E
c
o
to
c
o
to
to
0)
>
D
E
D
u
a Numbers at the top of the bars represent the number of reporters in that emissions range.
79% of reporting facilities had emissions less than 250,000 metric tons C02e. In 2021, the 610 largest-emitting
facilities—those emitting more than one million metric tons C02e—accounted for approximately 1.82 billion
metric tons of C02e. These emissions represent 67.2% of the total 2.71 billion metric tons of C02e reported. These
high-emitting facilities are mainly power plants, but they also include facilities in all other direct emitter sectors.
You can use FLIGHT to list and sort facilities based on total reported emissions and find the largest emitting
facilities in the country or a specific state or county. This tool also allows you to sort facilities by specific industry
types.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
Figure 8: Facility Emission Ranges (2021)a
2,000
"aT 1 800
r\i '
o
w i-600
C
£ 1,400
| 1,200
o 1,000
10
c
o
10
10
800
600
400
g 200
(N
610
957
1322
1789
1610
1319
¦ I
All Other Sectors
I Petroleum &
Natural Gas
Systems
I Refineries
Power Plants
0-25 25-50 50-100 100-250 250-1,000 >1,000
Emission Range of Facilities (thousand metric tons C02e reported)
a Numbers at the top of the bars represent the number of reporters in that emissions range.
GHG Calculation Methods Used
The GHGRP prescribes methodologies that must be used to determine GHG emissions from each source category.
Reporters generally have the flexibility to choose among several methods to compute GHG emissions. The decision
of which method to use may be influenced by the existing environmental monitoring systems in place and other
factors. Reporters can change emission calculation methods from year to year and within the same year, as long as
they meet the requirements for use of the method selected. Access additional information on the methodologies
that reporters use to determine GHG emissions.
Report Verification
All reports submitted to EPA are evaluated by electronic validation and verification checks. If potential errors are
identified, EPA will notify the reporter, who can resolve the issue either by providing an acceptable response
describing why the flagged issue is not an error or by correcting the flagged issue and resubmitting their annual
GHG report. Access additional information about EPA's verification process.
For More Information
For more detailed information from each industrial sector, view the GHGRP Data Highlights website and select an
industry from the text box on the right hand side.
Use FLIGHT to view maps of facility locations, obtain summary data for individual facilities, create customized
searchers, and display search results graphically.
Downloadable spreadsheets containing summary data reported to the GHGRP from each reporter are available on
the Data Downloads page.
All other publicly available data submitted to the GHGRP are available for download.
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2021 GHGRP Overview Report
Overview
The Greenhouse Gas Inventory contains information on all sources of GHG emissions and sinks in the United States
from 1990 to 2020.
GLOSSARY
CChe means carbon dioxide equivalent, which is a metric used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse
gases based upon their global warming potential (GWP). The carbon dioxide equivalent for a gas is calculated by
multiplying the tons of the gas by the associated GWP.
Direct emitters are facilities that combust fuels or otherwise put greenhouse gases into the atmosphere directly
from their facility. Alternatively, Suppliers are entities that supply certain fossil fuels or fluorinated gases into the
economy that—when combusted, released or oxidized—emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
FLIGHT refers to EPA's GHG data publication tool, named Facility Level Information on GreenHouse Gases Tool.
GHGRP means EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (40 CFR part 98).
GHGRP vs. GHG Inventory: EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) collects and disseminates annual
greenhouse gas data from individual facilities and suppliers across the U.S. economy. EPA also develops the annual
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHG Inventory) to track total national emissions of
greenhouse gases to meet U.S. government commitments to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change. The GHGRP and Inventory datasets are complementary and may inform each other over time. However,
there are also important differences in the data and approach. Access more information.
GWP means global warming potential, which is a measure of the total energy that a gas absorbs over a particular
period of time (usually 100 years), compared to carbon dioxide. The GWP for carbon dioxide is one.
IPCC AR4 refers to the Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate
Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (eds)]. IPCC, Geneva,
Switzerland2007. The AR4 values also can be found in the current version of Table A-l in subpart A of 40 CFR part
98.
IPCC AR5 refers to the Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate
Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A.
Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York,
NY, USA.
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