Formation of Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Carbon Monoxide Review Panel March 11, 2008


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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

March 11, 2008

Memorandum

SUBJECT: Formation of Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)

Carbon Monoxide Review Panel

Kyndall Barry	/Signed/

Designated Federal Officer (DFO)

EPA Science Advisory Board Staff Office (1400F)

Vanessa Vu, Ph.D.

Director

EPA Science Advisory Board Staff Office (1400F)

Daniel Fort	/Signed/

Ethics & FACA Policy Officer
EPA Science Advisory Board Staff Office (1400F)

Under the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required
to carry out a periodic review and revision, where appropriate, of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants. In response to the request of EPA's Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) and Office of Research and Development (ORD), the SAB Staff
Office has formed the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Carbon Monoxide
Review Panel to provide independent scientific advice in the review of the primary (health-
based) NAAQS for carbon monoxide (CO). Over the next three to four years, the Panel will
review EPA's technical assessments as the basis for possible revision of the CO NAAQS.

This memorandum addresses the set of determinations that were necessary for forming the
CASAC CO Review Panel including:

•	The expertise needed to address the charge;

•	Conflict of Interest Considerations;

•	Appearance of Lack of Impartiality;

•	How individuals were selected for the Panel.

FROM:

TO:

VIA:

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1) Expertise Requested:

On 12 October 2007 the EPA SAB Staff Office announced in the Federal Register (72
FR 58078) the formation of the CASAC CO Review Panel (Panel) and solicited nominations to
supplement the chartered CASAC (Attachment 1). The expertise sought included: atmospheric
science; exposure modeling; risk assessment modeling; dosimetry; toxicology; controlled human
exposure; epidemiology; and biostatistics. On the basis of the candidates' credentials and
willingness to serve on the panel, the SAB Staff Office identified fifteen (15) nominees for the
"Short List" of candidates.

On 5 February 2008, the SAB Staff Office posted a notice on the SAB Web site inviting
public comments on the "Short List" candidates under consideration to serve on the Panel
(Attachment 2). In particular, the notice stated that the Staff Office would welcome any relevant
information, analysis or other documentation for the consideration of the SAB Staff Office in
making the final decision about the CASAC CO Panel. The notice asked that any advice,
observations, or comments be provided to the SAB Staff Office no later than 26 February 2008.
The SAB Staff Office received no comments on the "Short List" candidates.

2) Conflict of Interest Considerations:

For Financial Conflict of Interest (COI) issues, 18 U.S.C. § 208 provision states that:

"An employee is prohibited from participating personally and substantially in an official
capacity in any particular matter in which he, to his knowledge, or any person whose
interests are imputed to him under this statue has a financial interest, if the particular
matter will have a direct and predictable effect on that interest [emphasis added]"

For a conflict of interest to be present, all elements in the above provision must be present. If an
element is missing the issue does not involve a formal conflict of interest; however, the general
provisions in the appearance of impartiality guidelines must still apply and need to be
considered.

Personal and Substantial Participation:

Participating personally means participating directly. Participating substantially refers
to involvement that is of significance to the matter. [5C.F.R. 2640.103(a)(2)], For this
review, the EPA SAB Staff Office has determined that the CASAC CO Review Panel
will be participating personally in the matter. Panel members will be providing the
Agency with advice and recommendations that is expected to include an assessment
as to whether the proposed air quality criteria accurately reflect the latest scientific
knowledge useful in indicating the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on public
health, which may be expected from the presence of this pollutant (that is, CO) in the
ambient air. Therefore, participation in this review will also be substantial.

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Direct and Predictable Effect:

A direct effect on a participant's financial interest exists if, "... a close causal link exists
between any decision or action to be taken in the matter and any expected effect of the
matter on the financial interest... A particular matter does not have a direct effect...if the
chain of causation is attenuated or is contingent upon the occurrence of events that are
speculative or that are independent of, and unrelated to, the matter. A particular matter
that has an effect on a financial interest only as a consequence of its effects on the general
economy is not considered to have a direct effect." [5 C.F.R. 2640.103(a)(i)]. A
predictable effect exists if, "...there is an actual, as opposed to a speculative, possibility
that the matter will affect the financial interest." [5 C.F.R. 2640.103(a)(ii)].

Particular Matter:

A "particular matter" refers to matters that "...will involve deliberation, decision, or
action that is focused upon the interests of specific people, or a discrete and identifiable
class of people." It does not refer to "...consideration or adoption of broad policy options
directed to the interests of a large and diverse group of people." [5 C.F.R. 2640.103

(a)(1)].

The CASAC CO Review Panel's activity in addressing the charge for the review of the
technical documents will qualify as a particular matter of general applicability because the
resulting advice will be part of a deliberation, and under certain circumstances the advice could
involve the interests of a discrete and identifiable class of people but does not involve specific
parties. That group could be comprised of those who are associated or involved with the
potentially interested or affected parties including: (1) EPA; (2) State, regional and local air
program (or air pollution control) agencies, and State regulatory officials; (3) State and local
health officials; (4) research universities; (5) environmental interest groups/non-Governmental
organizations (NGOs); (6) potentially responsible parties (PRP) and their contractors; and (7)
various industry sectors interested in, or affected by, the current or any revised NAAQS for CO,
including the power-generating and automotive industries.

3) Appearance of a Lack of Impartiality Considerations:

The Code of Federal Regulations [5 C.F.R. 2635.502(a)] states that:

"Where an employee knows that a particular matter involving specific parties is likely to
have a direct and predictable effect on the financial interest of a member of his
household, or knows that a person with whom he has a covered relationship is or
represents a party to such matter, and where the person determines that the circumstances
would cause a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts to question his
impartiality in the matter, the employee should not participate in the matter unless he has
informed the agency designee of the appearance problem and received authorization from
the agency designee."

Further, 5 C.F.R. 2635.502(a)(2) states that:

"An employee who is concerned that circumstances other than those specifically
described in this section would raise a question regarding his impartiality should use the

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process described in this section to determine whether he should or should not participate
in a particular matter."

To evaluate any potentially appearance of a lack of impartiality, the following four (4)
questions were posed to prospective panel members:

(a)	Have you had any involvement with the development of EPA documents regarding
this subject, including authorship, collaboration with the authors, or review functions?

(b)	Have you served on previous EPA (or non-EPA) advisory panels/committees that
addressed the subject of review?

(c)	Have you made any public statements (written or oral) or taken a position on the
subject of review?

(d)	Do you know of any reason that you might be unable to provide impartial advice on
the subject of review or any reason that your impartiality in the matter might be
questioned?

4) How individuals were selected for the final Panel:

Prospective advisory panel members were asked to submit a confidential financial disclosure
form (EPA Form 3110-48, "Confidential Financial Disclosure Form for Special Government
Employees Serving on Federal Advisory Committees at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency) in addition to the response to the above-stated four (4) questions. The Deputy Ethics
Official of the Science Advisory Board, in consultation with the SAB Ethics and FACA Policy
Officer, has determined that there are no conflicts of interest or appearance of a lack of
impartiality for the members of this panel.

The SAB Staff Office Director makes the final decision about who serves on the CASAC
CO Review Panel, based on all relevant information. Specific criteria to be used in evaluating an
individual Panel member include: (a) scientific and/or technical expertise, knowledge, and
experience (primary factors); (b) availability and willingness to serve; (c) absence of financial
conflicts of interest; (d) absence of an appearance of a lack of impartiality; and (e) skills working
in committees, subcommittees and advisory panels; and, for the Panel as a whole, (f) diversity of,
and balance among, scientific expertise, viewpoints, etc.

On the basis of the above-specified criteria and the review of all relevant information, the
CASAC CO Review Panel is as follows:

Members of the statutory (chartered) Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee:

Dr. Rogene Henderson, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (NM) - Chair

Dr. Ellis B. Cowling, North Carolina State University (NC)

Dr. James D. Crapo, National Jewish Medical and Research Center (CO)

Dr. Douglas Crawford-Brown, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (NC)

Dr. Donna Kenski, Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (IL)

Dr. Armistead (Ted) Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology (GA)

Dr. Jonathan M. Samet, Johns Hopkins University (MD)

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Panel members:

Dr. Thomas Dahms, St. Louis Medical Center (MO)

Dr. Russell Dickerson, University of Maryland - College Park (MD)

Dr. Laurence Fechter, Loma Linda University (CA)

Dr. Milan Hazucha, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (NC)

Dr. Michael T. Kleinman, University of California - Irvine (CA)

Dr. Arthur Penn, Louisiana State University (LA)

Dr. Beate Ritz, University of California - Los Angeles (CA)

Dr. Paul Roberts, Sonoma Technologies (CA)

Dr. Stephen R. Thom, University of Pennsylvania (PA)

Concurred:	Date

	/Signed/	 	March 11. 2008

Vanessa T. Vu, Ph.D.

Staff Director

EPA Science Advisory Board (1400F)

Attachment 1: Federal Register Notice - Request for nominations
Attachment 2: Invitation for comments on the "Short List" candidates

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ATTACHMENT 1

[Federal Register: October 12, 2007 (Volume 72, Number
197) ]

[Notices]

[Page 58078-58080]

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[FRL-8481-6]

Science Advisory Board (SAB) Staff Office; Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Carbon Monoxide
Review Panel; Request for Nominations

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or
Agency) Science Advisory Board (SAB) Staff Office is
announcing the formation of the Clean Air Scientific
Advisory Committee (CASAC) Carbon Monoxide Review Panel (or
Panel). The Panel will provide advice to the EPA
Administrator regarding the primary national ambient air
quality standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO). The SAB
is hereby soliciting nominations of technical experts for
Panel membership.

DATES: New nominations should be submitted by November 2,
2007 .

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Any member of the public
wishing further information regarding this Request for
Nominations may contact Ms. Kyndall Barry, Designated
Federal Officer (DFO), EPA Science Advisory Board (1400F),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; via telephone/voice
mail: (202) 343-9868; fax: (202) 233-0643; or e-mail at:

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barry.kyndall@epa.gov. General information concerning the
CASAC or the EPA Science Advisory Board can be found on the
EPA Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/sab.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background: The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
(CASAC) was established under section 109(d)(2) of the
Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) (42 U.S.C. 7409) as an
independent scientific advisory committee. The CASAC
provides advice, information and recommendations on the
scientific and technical aspects of air quality criteria
and national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) under
sections 108 and 109 of the Act. The CASAC is a

[ [Page 58079]]

Federal advisory committee chartered under the Federal
Advisory Committee Act (FACA), as amended, 5 U.S.C., App.

Section 109(d)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) requires
that EPA carry out a periodic review and revision, as
appropriate, of the air quality criteria and the NAAQS for
the six ""criteria'' air pollutants, including CO. The
current primary NAAQS for CO was first promulgated in 1971
and retained in 1985 and 1994. EPA is currently preparing
to update and revise, where appropriate, the air quality
criteria for CO. Information on the Agency's plans to
prepare an Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) as part of
the review of the NAAQS for CO is contained in a recent
Federal Register notice published on September 13, 2007 (72
FR 52369-52371).

This Federal Register notice solicitation is seeking
nominations for additional, subject-matter experts to
augment the chartered CASAC. The Panel will review EPA's
scientific, technical, and policy assessments that form the
basis for the Agency's review of the NAAQS for carbon
monoxide. The Panel will comply with the provisions of FACA
and all appropriate EPA and SAB Staff Office procedural
policies.

Expertise Sought: In response to the Agency's request,
the SAB Staff Office is soliciting nominees who are
nationally-recognized experts regarding carbon monoxide in
one or more of the following disciplines:

(1) Atmospheric Science. Expertise in physical/chemical
properties of carbon monoxide and atmospheric processes

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involved in the formation, transport on urban to global
scales, transformation and fate of this pollutant in the
atmosphere, and movement of the pollutant between media
through deposition and other mechanisms. Also, expertise in
the evaluation of natural and anthropogenic sources and
emissions of carbon monoxide, pertinent monitoring or
measurement methods for this pollutant, and spatial and
temporal trends in the atmospheric concentrations.

(2)	Exposure Modeling. Expertise in measuring human
population exposure to carbon monoxide and/or in modeling
human exposure from ambient and indoor sources.

(3)	Risk Assessment Modeling. Expertise in human health
risk analysis modeling for carbon monoxide related to
cardiovascular and other non-cancer health effects.

(4)	Dosimetry. Expertise in evaluation of the dosimetry
of animal and human subjects, including identification of
factors determining differential patterns of inhalation
and/or deposition/uptake in respiratory tract regions that
may contribute to differential susceptibility of human
population subgroups and animal-to-human dosimetry
extrapolations.

(5)	Toxicology. Expertise in evaluation of experimental
laboratory animal studies and in vitro studies of the
effects of carbon monoxide on cells, tissues and organ
systems.

(6)	Controlled Human Exposure. Expertise in evaluation
of controlled human exposure studies of the effects of
carbon monoxide on healthy individuals as well as those
with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease.

(7)	Epidemiology. Expertise in epidemiologic evaluation
of the effects of exposures to ambient carbon monoxide
and/or other major air pollutants (e.g., particulate
matter, ozone) on human population groups, including
mortality and morbidity effects.

(8)	Biostatistics. Biostatistics related to exposures
to ambient carbon monoxide and/or other major air
pollutants (e.g., particulate matter, ozone) on human
population groups, including mortality and morbidity
effects and/or health risk analysis.

Process and Deadline for Submitting Nominations: Any
interested person or organization may nominate qualified
individuals for consideration for membership on the CO
Review Panel in the areas of expertise described above.

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Nominations should be submitted in electronic format
through the SAB Web site at the following URL:
http://www.epa.gov/sab directly via the nomination form,
the Form for Nomination to Panel or Committee Being Formed.
Please follow the instructions for submitting nominations
carefully. To be considered, nominations should include all
of the information required on the associated forms. Anyone
unable to submit nominations using the electronic form and
who has any questions concerning the nomination process may
contact Ms. Kyndall Barry, DFO, as indicated above in this
notice. Nominations should be submitted in time to arrive
no later than November 2, 2007.

To be considered, all nominations should include: A
current curriculum vitae (C.V.) which provides the
nominee's background, qualifications, research expertise
and relevant publications for service on the Panel; and a
brief biographical sketch (s"biosketch'') . The biosketch
should be no longer than two paragraphs and should
contain the following information for the nominee:

(a)	Current professional affiliations and positions
held;

(b)	Educational background, especially advanced
degrees, including when and from which institutions these
were granted;

(c)	Area(s) of expertise, and research activities and
interests relevant to the Panel; and

(d)	Leadership positions in national associations or
professional publications or other significant distinctions
and service on other advisory committees or professional
societies, especially those associated with issues under
discussion in this review.

The Web form will also request information about
sources of recent (i.e., within the preceding two years)
grant and/or other contract support, from government,
industry, academia, etc., including the topic area of the
funded activity. Please note that even negative responsive
information (e.g., no recent grant or contract funding)
should be indicated on the biosketch (by s SN/A'' or
"'None''). Incomplete biosketches will not be considered.
The EPA SAB Staff Office will acknowledge receipt of
nominations.

The scientific expertise and credentials of nominees
received in reply to this notice will be reviewed for
demonstrative experience in the disciplines sought for the

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CO Review Panel. Qualified nominees will be included in a
smaller subset (known as the "Short List''). The Short
List will be posted on the SAB Web site at:
http://www.epa.gov/sab, and will include, for each
candidate, the nominee's name and their biosketch. Public
comments on the Short List will be accepted for a minimum
of 21 calendar days. During this comment period, the public
will be requested to provide relevant information or other
documentation on nominees that the SAB Staff Office should
consider in evaluating candidates. Panel members will be
selected from the Short List.

For the EPA SAB Staff Office, a balanced subcommittee
or review panel includes candidates who possess the
necessary domains of knowledge, the relevant scientific
perspectives (which, among other factors, can be influenced
by work history and affiliation), and the collective
breadth of experience to adequately address the charge. In
establishing the final CO Review Panel, the SAB Staff
Office will consider public responses to the Short List,
information provided by candidates, and background
information independently-gathered by the SAB Staff Office
on each candidate (e.g., financial disclosure information,
and computer searches to evaluate a

[[Page 58080]]

nominee's prior involvement with the topic under review).
Specific criteria to be used in evaluating Short List
candidates for Panel membership include: (a) Scientific
and/or technical expertise, knowledge, and experience
(primary factors); (b) availability and willingness to
serve; (c) absence of financial conflicts of interest;

(d)	absence of an appearance of a lack of impartiality; and

(e)	skills working on committees, subcommittees and
advisory panels; and, for the Panel as a whole, (f)
diversity of, and balance among, scientific expertise,
viewpoints, etc.

Prospective candidates will also be required to fill-
out the Confidential Financial Disclosure Form for
Special Government Employees Serving on Federal Advisory
Committees at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency''
(EPA Form 3110-48) . This confidential form allows
Government officials to determine whether there is a

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statutory conflict between that person's public
responsibilities (which includes membership on an EPA
Federal advisory committee) and private interests and
activities, or the appearance of a lack of impartiality,
as defined by Federal regulation. The form may be viewed
and downloaded from the following URL address:
http://www.epa.gov/sab/pdf/epaform3110-4 8.pdf.

The approved policy under which the EPA SAB Office
selects subcommittees and review panels is described in the
following document: Overview of the Panel Formation Process
at the Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory
Board (EPA-SAB-EC-02-010), which is posted on the SAB Web
site at: http://www.epa.gov/sab/pdf/ec02010.pdf.

Dated: October 5, 2007.

Anthony F. Maciorowski,

Deputy Director, EPA Science Advisory Board Staff Office.

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ATTACHMENT 2
Invitation for Comment on the Short List Candidates for the
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)

Carbon Monoxide Review Panel
5 February 2008

The EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) Staff Office is forming the Clean Air
Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Carbon Monoxide Review Panel (Panel). The
Panel will provide advice to the EPA Administrator regarding the primary national
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for carbon monoxide (CO). Nominations for
technical experts to augment the chartered CASAC were requested in a 12 October 2007
Federal Register Notice (72 FR 58078). Individuals with expertise regarding carbon
monoxide in one or more of the following areas were sought: atmospheric science;
exposure modeling; risk assessment modeling; dosimetry; toxicology; controlled human
exposure; epidemiology; and biostatistics.

Biosketches of the seven members of CASAC are available at:
http://vosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabpeople.nsf/WebCommittees/CASAC. Below are the
biosketches for the fifteen candidates under consideration. We hereby invite comments
from members of the public for relevant information, analysis or other documentation for
the consideration of the SAB Staff Office in making the final decision about the CASAC
CO Panel.

Information furnished by the public in response to this Web site posting will be
combined with information provided by the nominee and information gathered
independently by the SAB Staff Office. For the SAB Staff Office, a balanced
subcommittee or review panel includes nominees with the necessary domains of
knowledge, the relevant scientific perspectives (which, among other factors, can be
influenced by work history and affiliation), and the collective breadth of experience to
adequately address the charge. Specific criteria to be used in evaluating an individual
Panel member include: (a) scientific and/or technical expertise, knowledge, and
experience; (b) availability and willingness to serve; (c) absence of financial conflicts of
interest; (d) absence of an appearance of a lack of impartiality; and (e) skills working in
committees, subcommittees and advisory panels; and, for the Panel as a whole, (f)
diversity of, and balance among, scientific expertise, viewpoints, etc. The SAB Staff
Office Director makes the final decision concerning who will serve on the CASAC CO
Review Panel.

Please provide any comments no later than 26 February 2008. Please make your
comments to the attention of Ms. Kyndall Barry, Designated Federal Officer (DFO), at:
barrv.kyndall@epa.gov.

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CASAC Carbon Monoxide NAAQS Review Panel

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Dahms,Thomas

Thomas E. Dahms, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care at St. Louis University Medical School. He holds secondary appointments in the Department of Internal
Medicine (Division of Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine) and in the Department of Surgery. He has been actively involved in Carbon Monoxide research for nearly 40 years. He served as
corresponding author for publications relating to the health effects of low levels of CO on individuals with cardiovascular disease. Dr. Dahms has expertise in the measurement of endogenous levels of CO
in blood. Dr. Dahms served as a consultant to the EPA in 1990-91 and again in 1998-99 for the purposes of drafting the documents relating to the Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide. Additional
research interests of Dr. Dahms focus on the impact of inflammation in the pulmonary circulation and air ways on gas transfer in the lung.

Dickerson,Russell R.

The University of Maryland, College Park

Russell R. Dickerson received his AB in 1975 from the University of Chicago and his Ph.D. in 1980 from The University of Michigan, where he studied the interaction of radiation and trace gases in the
atmosphere. After graduation, he worked with Nobel Laureate Paul Crutzen in the Air Chemistry Division at NCAR and in the Abteilung Luftchemie at the Max Planck Institute in Mainz, Germany. Professor
Dickerson began working in the Department of Meteorology as an Assistant Professor in 1983 as the sole atmospheric chemist. He built the program in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution to include six
faculty, several post docs and more than a dozen graduate students. His research has expanded to include the interactions of weather phenomena such as thunderstorms and atmospheric chemistry,
ocean-atmosphere interactions, air pollution, the links between particulate and gaseous chemistry and global biogeochemical cycles. His research group, composed of meteorologists, engineers, and
chemists, develops analytical instruments (for species such as NOx, CO, NH3, aerosols, and for photolysis rate measurements), employs these instruments in the laboratory, field, and on ships and aircraft,
and interprets the results in terms of photochemistry, heterogeneous processes, and atmospheric physics with the aid of numerical chemical transport and cloud models. He has won external funding
awards in excess of $10M from MDE, NSF, NOAA, EPA, DOE, NASA and private industry. More recently, remote sensing from satellites has been added to better extrapolate from in situ observations to
large-scale processes and climate impacts. Among the more exciting recent discoveries are smoke pall from South Asia, rapid ozone destruction in the marine boundary layer, the impact of aerosol radiative
forcing on air quality, and the dry convection as a major mechanism in inter-hemispheric transport of air pollution form China. He has helped define, plan, and execute the Atmosphere Ocean Chemistry
Experiment (AEROCE), and the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), and served as the Chief Scientist on the R/V Ronald Brown. He served on the steering committees of Center for Clouds Chemistry and
Climate (C4), INDOEX, NARSTO, and BASE-ASIA. Professor Dickerson was a member of the National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Committee on Animal Feeding Operations and has
helped write a NRC Report on the impact of agriculture on air pollution in the US. He has been a coauthor of the EPA Criteria Documents for CO, 03 and PM, contributing the sections on analytical
techniques and interpretation of results from field experiments. He serves on the Maryland Climate Change Commission. In teaching, Professor Dickerson developed courses in Air Pollution (AOSC 434),
Atmospheric Chemistry (AOSC/CHEM 637) and Air Sampling and Analysis (AOSC/CHPH 634). He has directed research for 14 B.S., 13 M.S., and 19 Ph.D. degrees in METO(AOSC), CHEM and CHPH. The
Regional Atmospheric Measurement, Modeling and Prediction Program (RAMMPP) that he heads acts as the scientific arm of the Maryland Department of the Environment and Department of Natural
Resources concerning air quality issues in the Mid-Atlantic region. RAMMPP makes air quality forecasts, emissions estimates, aircraft measurements, and helps develop plans for compliance with the Clean
Air Act such as State Implementation Plans (SIPS). He is co-director of EAST-AIRE, East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosol: International Regional Experiment where the first aircraft measurements of air
pollutants over China were made. Dickerson serves on various committees including the Science Advisory Committee of the Texas Environmental Research Consortium. The Chronicle of Higher Education
ranked AOSC as the 4th best program in the US in 2007, the last year in which Prof. Dickerson chaired the Department; see:
http://chronicle.com/stats/productivity/page.php?year=2007&primary=4&secondary=130&bycat=Go.

F echter,Laurence

Dr. Laurence Fechter has been a Research Scientist at the Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center in Loma Linda, CA since 2002 and holds a Research Professorship in the Department of Surgery at the
Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Prior to taking these positions, Dr. Fechter was the Mosier Centennial Professor of Toxicology and Director of the Oklahoma Center for Toxicology at the
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (1993-2002). His first academic position was in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health
(1976-1993) where he attained the rank of Professor of Environmental Toxicology. Dr. Fechter obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester (1973) in the fields of Neurosciences/Biopsychology and
undertook post-doctoral training in the Medical Pharmacology Institute at the University of Uppsala (Sweden) Biomedical Center and in the Environmental Toxicology Division at Hopkins School of Hygiene.
Dr. Fechter's research career has focused on two principal areas of neurotoxicology; susceptibility of the developing organism to toxicants and on the potentiation of neurotoxicology by multiple agents.
These two foci have resulted in over 25 peer reviewed manuscripts related to carbon monoxide toxicity (out of approximately 80 total peer-reviewed papers) as well as to multiple review articles and
chapters. He maintains an active research program in neurotoxicology where his focus has been predominantly in the areas of metabolic stress and complex environmental exposures that yield potentiation
of toxicity. This work has entailed studies of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and acrylonitrile neurotoxicity focused predominantly on auditory system function. This work has included benchmark dose
calculations and consideration of risk assessment. He has also studied the neurotoxicity of complex hydrocarbon mixtures (aviation fuels) His research is currently funded by a VA Rehabilitation Service
grant recently renewed until 2011. He also holds a Senior Research Scientist Career Award from the VA which is funded from 2007-2014. Additional research support has been provided by the American
Petroleum Institute for research on fuel. Until he took a position at the VA, Dr. Fechter's research had been funded by NIH-NIEHS, NIH-NIDCD, NIOSH, the US EPA, and the Health Effects Institute among

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others. Dr. Fechter has played an active consulting role in grant and manuscript review processes and in government policy review. He has served on review panels for NIEHS Superfund Research Center
grants and has served as an ad hoc member or chair for multiple NIH and NIOSH P30, P40, P01, ROl, R03, and R29 grants. He has served as a consultant on the Carbon Monoxide Criteria Document on
two occasions (1979, 1984) and as a contributing author (1987- 1992) to that document. He has also been a consultant to the National Commission on Air Quality with regard to Carbon Monoxide at High
Altitude, and to the US EPA SAC for a Developmental Toxicology Guideline. Dr. Fechter has also served as a consultant to the Ontario (Canada) Labour Relations Board on issues relating to occupational
exposures, and the World Health Organization. He is an active member of the Society of Toxicology, the International Neurotoxicology Association (of which he has held multiple offices including that of
President), and the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. He has served on the editorial boards of Toxicological Sciences, Neurotoxicology, and Neurotoxicology & Teratology and reviews widely for
toxicology and hearing research journals. Dr. Fechter is currently serving as a scientific consultant on a review of the trichloroethylene literature for the US EPA.

Guensler, Randall

Randall Guensler is a Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. After working for the California Air Resources Board for seven years, and
completing his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering at the University of California at Davis, Dr. Guensler joined Georgia Tech in 1994. During his years with the State of California, Dr. Guensler worked for four years
in Compliance Assistance and for three years in the Executive Office, evaluating the design and implementation of transportation control measures by regional air quality management agencies. Since
arriving at Georgia Tech, Dr. Guensler's main research focus has been the development of new monitoring and modeling tools to assess the air quality impacts of transportation policies. Dr. Guensler was
the Chairman of the Transportation Research Board committee on Transportation and Air Quality from 1997 to 2002. From 1995 to 2001, Dr. Guensler served on the Environmental Protection Agency's
Mobile Source Technical Advisory Subcommittee. Over the past ten years, he has served on various National Academy of Sciences committees and panels charged with the assessment of vehicle emissions
impacts and identification of research needs. Dr. Guensler is the director of Commute Atlanta, a $2.3 million joint value pricing initiative sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and Georgia
Department of Transportation. Commute Atlanta includes the collection and analysis of second-by-second vehicle speed, position, and engine operating data from 470 vehicles in representative Atlanta
households. The researchers have monitored more than 1.4 million vehicle trips (more than 350,000 vehicle-miles per month). In 2005, the Commute Atlanta households began participating in road pricing
experiments (cent/mile pricing, as well as real-time congestion pricing). Dr. Guensler's research team is assessing consumer response to these pricing mechanisms. A secondary focus of the research is the
enhancement of monitoring technologies and services to support future transportation planning, safety, and operations policy initiatives. Development of tools for data management, data analysis, and
privacy protection became major research activities. Secondary research has also included analysis of speeding, journey to work route choice, trip chaining, activity-based demand, household tripmaking
variability, household and vehicle range of travel, long-distance travel, freeway operations, engine load, start and soak distributions, transit bus operations, etc.

Hazucha, Milan

University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

Dr. Milan J. Hazucha is a Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and a Senior Research Scientist in the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his M.D. in 1962 from the Comenius' University, Bratislava, Slovakia and his Ph.D. (Physiology, 1974) from McGill University, Montreal, Canada. As a
Professor in The Graduate School and in the Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina he has been actively involved in teaching and directs a course on the health effects of air pollutants. He is
a member of multiple professional organizations and over the years he has served on many professional committees. Dr. Hazucha has a longstanding experience and published expertise in the pulmonary
and cardiovascular health effects of air pollutants (Ozone, CO, NOx) in healthy and at-risk population such as children, asthmatics and individuals with chronic lung disease. His specific expertise is in the
area of physiologic assessment of effects and mechanisms of action. Over the past 30 years he has been either a Principal Investigator or a Co-Investigator in numerous collaborative laboratory and field
exposure studies with the EPA HSD investigators. He has also participated in many EPA-organized workshops and contributed periodically in writing sections and reviewing NAAQS for ozone, CO and NOx.
More recently his work has focused on studying the mechanisms involved in production and release of NO in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Kleinman,Michael T.

University of California, Irvine

Michael T. Kleinman is a Professor of Community and Environmental Medicine at the University of California, Irvine. He is an inhalation toxicologist and has been studying the health effects of exposures to
environmental contaminants found in ambient air for more than 30 years. He holds a MS in Chemistry (Biochemistry) from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and a Ph.D. in Environmental Health
Sciences from New York University. He is a Professor and Co-Director of the Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory in the Department of Community and Environmental Medicine at University of California,
Irvine. Prior to joining the faculty at U.C.I, in 1982, he directed the Aerosol Exposure and Analytical Laboratory at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital in Downey, CA. He has published more than 95 articles in
peer-reviewed journals dealing with environmental contaminants and their effects on cardiopulmonary and immunological systems. He has directed more than 50 controlled exposure studies of human
volunteers and laboratory animals to ozone and other photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide, ambient particulate matter and laboratory-generated aerosols containing chemically or biologically reactive
metals such as lead, cadmium, iron and manganese. He recently served on two National Academy committees to examine issues in protecting deployed US Forces from the effects of chemical and
biological weapons. Dr. Kleinman's current studies focus on neurological and cardiopulmonary effects of inhaled particles, including nanomaterials and ultrafine, fine and coarse ambient particles in humans
and laboratory animals. His current studies have demonstrated that inhalation of combustion-generated particles can promote airway allergies and accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease and
that these effects may be associated with organic and elemental carbon components of the ultrafine fraction of the ambient aerosol. His studies have also demonstrated that inhalation of ambient particles
is associated with persistent inflammation in the brain and that particles associated with manganese can alter dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain and can cause changes in nerve structure during

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University of Colorado - Boulder

Dr. Roger A. Pielke Sr. is currently a Senior Research Scientist in CIRES and a Senior Research Associate at the University of Colorado-Boulder in the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (PAOS)
at the University of Colorado in Boulder (Nov. 2005 -present). He is also an Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University and has a five-year appointment (April 2007 - March
2012) on the Graduate Faculty of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. He received a B.A. in Mathematics from Towson State College in 1968 and an M.S. and Ph.D. in Meteorology from
Pennsylvania State University in 1969 and 1973, respectively. Pielke has studied terrain-induced mesoscale systems, including the development of a three-dimensional mesoscale model of the sea breeze,
for which he received the NOAA Distinguished Authorship Award for 1974. Dr. Pielke has worked for NOAA's Experimental Meteorology Lab (1971-1974), The University of Virginia (1974-1981), and
Colorado State University (1981-2006). He served as Colorado State Climatologist from 1999-2006. He was an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke
University in Durham, North Carolina (July 2003-2006) and a visiting Professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona from October to December 2004.He has served as
Chairman and Member of the AMS Committee on Weather Forecasting and Analysis, and was Chief Editor for the Monthly Weather Review for 5 years from 1981 to 1985. In 1977, he received the AMS
Leroy Meisinger Award for "fundamental contributions to mesoscale meteorology through numerical modeling of the sea breeze and interaction among the mountains, oceans, boundary layer, and the free
atmosphere." Dr. Pielke received the 1984 Abell New Faculty Research and Graduate Program Award, and also received the 1987/1988 Abell Research Faculty Award. He was declared "Researcher of the
Year" by the Colorado State University Research Foundation in 1993. In 2000 he received the Engineering Dean's Council Award from Colorado State University. He has authored a book published by
Academic Press entitled Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling (1984) with a 2nd edition in 2002, a book for Routledge Press entitled The Hurricane (1990), a book (co-authored with W.R. Cotton) for
Cambridge Press entitled Human Impacts on Weather and Climate (1995; 2nd Edition 2006), a book (co-authored with R.A. Pielke, Jr.) entitled Hurricanes: Their Nature and Impacts on Society published
in 1997 by John Wiley and Sons, and was Co-Chief Editor (with R.A. Pielke, Jr.) of a book entitled Storms, published by Routledge Press in 1999.Dr. Pielke was elected a Fellow of the AMS in 1982 and a
Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2004. From 1993-1996, he served as Editor-in-Chief of the US National Science Report to the IUGG (1991-1994) for the American Geophysical Union. From
January 1996 to December 2000, he served as Co-Chief Editor of the Journal of Atmospheric Science. In 1998, he received NOAA's ERL Outstanding Scientific Paper (with Conrad Ziegler and Tsengdar Lee)
for a modeling study of the convective dryline. He was designated a Pennsylvania State Centennial Fellow in 1996, and named the Pennsylvania State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences Alumni of the
year for 1999 (with Bill Cotton). He is among one of three faculty and one of four members listed by ISI HighlyCited in Geosciences at Colorado State University and the University of Colorado at Boulder,
respectively. Professor Pielke has published over 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 50 chapters in books, and co-edited 9 books. A listing of papers can be viewed at the project website:
http://cires.colorado.edu/science/groups/pielke/pubs/.

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Ritz,Beate

UCLA

Beate Ritz, MD, Ph.D., is Professor and Vice Chair the Department of Epidemiology with co-appointments in the department of Environmental Health at the UCLA School of Public Health and the
department of Neurology UCLA School of Medicine; she is a member of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, the NIEHS-UCLA-USC Environmental Health Science Center, and co-director
of the NIEHS-funded UCLA Center for Gene-Environment Studies of Parkinson's disease. Her primary research interests are the effects of occupational and environmental toxins such as pesticides, ionizing
radiation, and air pollution on chronic diseases including neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease), cancers, and adverse birth outcomes including birth defects and asthma. She currently studies
the effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes and asthma in children in Southern California and investigates the long-term effects of pesticide exposures on Parkinson's disease and cancers. Her
research involves extensive geographic information system (GIS) modeling of environmental exposures including pesticide use and traffic related air pollution in California and the application of hierarchical
modeling procedure of longitudinal data in cohort studies. She is directing or collaborating in a large number of federally (NIEHS), state (California Air Resources Board), and foundation (Micheal J Fox
Foundation) funded research projects.

Roberts,Paul

Sonoma Technology, Inc.

Dr. Paul T. Roberts is Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of Sonoma Technology, Inc. At STI since 1986, Dr. Roberts' work focuses on the design and management of air quality field, data
management, and data analysis projects. Dr. Roberts earned his Ph.D. degree in Environmental Engineering Science at the California Institute of Technology in 1975 working for Professor Sheldon K.
Friedlander on formation of secondary aerosols in the Los Angeles basin. His B.S. and M.Ch.E degrees in Chemical Engineering are from Rice University (1969 and 1970).Dr. Roberts served on the EPA
External Peer-Review Panel for the Air Quality Criteria Document for Carbon Monoxide in 1998-1999. He has also served on numerous STAR-grant and similar peer-review panels for EPA and HEI. Dr.
Roberts was a member of the California Inspection and Maintenance Review Committee in 1994-1995.Most of Dr. Roberts' projects involve the use of field data and analysis methods to understand
important meteorological, air quality, and exposure phenomena; to support the development, application, and evaluation of meteorological, photochemical, and exposure models; and to evaluate the
effectiveness of ambient air quality and meteorological networks in meeting various regulatory requirements. Dr. Roberts has expertise in the atmospheric science, exposure assessment, and measurement
of ozone and particulate matter (PM) and their precursors, and of carbon monoxide (CO), toxics, and visibility. He has led and performed air quality projects throughout the western, central, mid-western,
mid-Atlantic, and northeastern United States; and in Juarez, Mexico, and Cairo, Egypt. Recently, his work has focused on near-roadway and other near-source exposures to PM and toxics, as well as CO
and nitrogen dioxide (N02). Dr. Roberts is a member of the Air and Waste Management Association and the American Associate for Aerosol Research.

Thom,Stephen

University of Pennsylvania

Stephen R. Thom, MD, Ph.D., is Chief of Hyperbaric Medicine for the University of Pennsylvania's Institute for Environmental Medicine and Medical Director of the Pennstar Flight Program. He is also
Professor of Emergency Medicine and Emergency Medicine in Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, respectively. With published papers involving studies with
cell cultures, animal models and clinical trials; his lab has had an interest in carbon monoxide (CO) pathophysiology for some years. Our work has shown that there are biochemical/physiological responses
to CO that depend on both the concentration and duration of exposure. In cell cultures, biochemical evidence of oxidative stress responses occur with exposures to just 20 ppm CO. Intravascular effects in
humans were demonstrated following exposures lasting less than 1 hour and COHb levels on the order of 19 %. We have shown that neuropathology results from a relatively complex cascade of
intravascular and perivascular events.

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