Ferroalloy Production

A EPA

Final Rule: Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Under the Mandator}! Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) rule, owners or operators of facilities that
contain ferroalloy production processes (as defined below) and that emit 25,000 metric tons or more of
GHGs per year (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents) from ferroalloy production processes,
stationary combustion, miscellaneous use of carbonates, and other source categories (see information
sheet on General Provisions) must report emissions from ferroalloy production processes and any other
source categories located at the facility for which emission calculation methods are defined in the rule.
Owners or operators are required to collect emission data; calculate GHG emissions; and follow the
specified procedures for quality assurance, missing data, recordkeeping, and reporting.

How Is This Source Category Defined?

The ferroalloy production source category consists of any facility that uses pyrometallurgical techniques
to produce any of the following metals: ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel,
ferrosilicon, ferrotitanium, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, silicomanganese, or silicon metal.

Ferroalloy production facilities must report the following emissions:

•	Process carbon dioxide (C02) emissions from each electric arc furnace (EAF) used for any
ferroalloy production listed in the source category definition.

•	Process methane (CH4) emissions from each EAF used for the production of silicon metal,
ferrosilicon 65 percent, ferrosilicon 75 percent, or ferrosilicon 90 percent.

•	C02, nitrous oxide (N20), and CH4 emissions from each stationary combustion unit on site under
40 CFRpart 98, subpart C (General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources).

In addition, each facility must report GHG emissions for any other source categories for which calculation
methods are provided in other subparts of the rule. Please refer to the relevant information sheet for a
summary of the requirements for calculating and reporting emissions from other source categories.

For CO 2 emissions from each EAF, use one of two methods, as appropriate:

•	EAFs with certain types of continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) in place must report
using the CEMS and following the Tier 4 methodology of 40 CFR part 98, subpart C to report
C02 process emissions from the EAF.

•	For other affected EAFs, the reporter can elect to use either of two methods:

o Install and operate a CEMS to measure C02 emissions according to requirements

specified in 40 CFRpart 98, subpart C.
o Calculate annual C02 emissions using a mass balance equation that includes

measurements of the mass and carbon content of each carbon containing input (ore,
carbon electrodes, flux, and reducing agents) and output material (product and
nonproduct materials) for each EAF. For carbon content, use data provided by the
material supplier or by annual analyses of three representative samples of each material.

What GHGs Must Be Reported?

How Must GHG Emissions Be Calculated?

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40 CFR 98, subpart K

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For mass of each material, either measure directly or calculate using process information.
Exclude any materials that contribute less than 1 percent of the total carbon into the
process.

•	If C02 process emissions from an EAF are emitted through the same stack as C02 emissions
from a combustion unit or process equipment that uses a CEMS and follows Tier 4 methodology
to report C02 emissions, then the CEMS must be used to measure and report combined emissions
from that stack, instead of using the carbon mass balance calculation procedure.

For each EAF, the annual CH4 process emissions from the production of silicon metal, ferrosilicon 65

percent, ferrosilicon 75 percent, or ferrosilicon 90 percent must be estimated using the annual mass of

alloy produced and the default CH4 emission factors provided in Table K-l in the rule.

A checklist for data that must be monitored is available at:

www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/checklists/ferroallovproduction.pdf.

When Must Reports be Submitted?

The submission date for the annual GHG report can vary in the first 3 years of the program.

•	Reporting Year 2010. The report was required to be submitted by September 30, 2011.

•	Reporting Year 2011. The due date depends on which source categories are included in the
report. If the report includes one or more of the source categories listed below, then the report
must be submitted by September 28, 2012. This reporting deadline applies to all subparts being
reported by the facility. In addition, if the facility contains one or more of these source categories
and the facility submitted a GHG annual report for reporting year 2010 under another subpart
(e.g., subpart C for general stationary fuel combustion), then by April 2, 2012 you must notify
EPA through e-GGRT that you are not required to submit the second annual report until
September 28, 2012 (the notification deadline according to 4 CFR 98.3(b) is March 31, 2012,
however, because this date falls on a Saturday in 2012, the notification is due on the next business
day).

o Electronics Manufacturing (subpart I)
o Fluorinated Gas Production (subpart L)
o Magnesium Production (subpart T)
o Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems (subpart W
o Use of Electric Transmission and Distribution Equipment (subpart DD)
o Underground Coal Mines (subpart FF)
o Industrial Wastewater Treatment (subpart II)
o Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide (subpart RR)
o Manufacture of Electric Transmission and Distribution (subpart SS)
o Industrial Waste Landfills (subpart TT)
o Injection of Carbon Dioxide (subpart UU)

o Imports and Exports of Equipment Pre-charged with Fluorinated GHGs or Containing
Fluorinated GHGs in Closed-cell Foams (subpart QQ)

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40 CFR 98, subpart K


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If the report contains none of the source categories listed above, then the report must be submitted
by April 2, 2012 (the deadline is March 31, 2012, however, because this date falls on a Saturday,
the annual report is due on the next business day).

•	Reporting Year 2012. Starting in 2013 and each year thereafter, the report must be submitted by
March 31 of each year, unless the 31st is a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, in which case
the reports are due on the next business day.

What Information Must Be Reported?

In addition to the information required by the General Provisions at 40 CFR 98.3(c), the rule requires
each ferroalloy production facility to report the following information for each EAF (unless otherwise
noted):

•	Annual facility ferroalloy product production capacity (tons).

•	Annual production for each ferroalloy product (tons), as applicable.

•	Total number of EAFs at facility used for production of ferroalloy products.

•	Annual C02 emissions (metric tons) from production of any ferroalloy product listed
in Table K-l.

•	Annual CH4 emissions (metric tons) from production of any ferroalloy product listed
in Table K-l.

•	Identification number.

If a CEMS is used to measure C02 emissions, then the relevant information required under 40 CFR part
98, subpart C for sources using a CEMS to measure C02 emissions must be reported.

If a CEMS is not used to measure C02 process emissions, and the carbon mass balance procedure is used
to determine C02 emissions, then the following information must also be reported for each EAF:

•	Annual material quantity for each material included for the calculation of annual process
C02 emissions.

•	Annual average of the carbon content determinations for each material included for the
calculation of annual process C02 emissions.

•	Method used to determine carbon content for each material.

•	How missing data values, if any, were determined for mass of carbon containing inputs and
outputs.

EPA has temporarily deferred the requirement to report data elements in the above list that are used as
inputs to emission equations (76 FR 53057, August 25, 2011). For the current status of reporting
requirements, including the list of data elements that are considered to be inputs to emissions equations,
consult the following link: http://www.epa. gov/climatechange/emissions/CBI.html

For More Information

This document is provided solely for informational purposes. It does not provide legal advice, have
legally binding effect, or expressly or implicitly create, expand, or limit any legal rights, obligations,
responsibilities, expectations, or benefits in regard to any person. The series of information sheets is
intended to assist reporting facilities/owners in understanding key provisions of the final rule.

Visit EPA's Web site (www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html) for more
information, including the final preamble and rule, additional information sheets on specific industries,
the schedule for training sessions, and other documents and tools. For questions that cannot be answered
through the Web site, please contact us at: GHGreporting@epa.gov.

November 2011	40 CFR 98, subpart K

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