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Watershed Planning and Septic Outreach Leads to Red Bird River Delisting

WafprhnHv imnrnvpH T^e Kentucky Division of Water (DOW) added an approximately
y	15-mile segment of Red Bird River (miles 0.0-15.35) to the 2016

Clean Water Act (CWA) section 303(d) list/Integrated Report as impaired (partial support) for
primary contact recreation (PCR) due to Escherichia coli bacteria. In 2021, the U.S Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) approved DOW's statewide bacteria total maximum daily load (TMDL),
which includes Red Bird River. After years of outreach and septic system improvements, water
quality collected in 2018 indicated the segment fully supports its PCR designated use. As a result,
DOW proposes to delist the E. coli impairment for this Red Bird River segment in the 2022 Integrated
Report to Congress.

Problem

Red Bird River (KY-2483) drains into the South Fork
of the Kentucky River in southeast Kentucky (Figure
1). Red Bird River is approximately 34 miles iong and
drains a 195.5-square-miie watershed dominated by
forestland in Clay, Leslie, and Bell counties. Water
chemistry sampling of Red Bird River in 2013 Indicated
that concentrations of E. coli did not support the PCR
designated use, resulting In a 15-miie segment being
listed as impaired on the 2016 CWA section 303(d) list/
integrated Report. A bacteria TMDL was subsequently
developed and was approved in 2021. Other Red Bird
River watershed streams listed in this bacteria TMDL
include Upper jacks Creek (mi. 0-2.3), Big Creek (mi.
0-4.25), Elk Creek (mi. 0-5.75), and Lawson Creek (mi.
0-2.85).

Story Highlights

Watershed planning efforts began in June 2010
when the U.S. Forest Service and local community
partners met to find ways to improve water quality
and tourism in the Red Bird River watershed. In 2015,
the CWA section 319(h) program awarded $231,237
to the Daniel Boone National Forest to develop and
implement the Red Bird River watershed plan. In
2016, the Red Bird River Watershed Team finalized
the plan, which outlines watershed needs for septic
system improvements, erosion mitigation, and trash
cleanup. To reduce bacteria loading in the watershed,
this project funded two septic system workshops
(Figure 2), 24 septic cleanouts, and 11 new septic

VGIN. Esri. HERE, Garmin, Safe&aph. METi/NASA, USGS. EPA, NPS, USOA

0 0.97 1.9

Legend

319 Funded BMPs
® Habitat Protection
© Onsite Wastewater
© Stream Restoration

	 Delisted Red Bird River Segment

	 Red Bird River & Tributaries

I I Red Bird River HUC12 Watersheds

Figure 1. Red Bird River is in southeastern Kentucky.

system installations through partners such as Eastern
Kentucky PRIDE, the Red Bird Mission, the University
of Kentucky, and the Cumberland Valley Resource
Conservation and Development Council (CVRCD).
Outside funding to the Red Bird Mission made it pos-
sible to multiply the impact of this effort by installing
an additional 19 new septic systems and completing
two septic repairs.


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A FREE SEPTIC
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A failing septic system can cost thousands of dollars to repair, pose a serious health risk
to your family and have negative impacts on water quality in your community.

Attend this FREE workshop to learn:

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THE CARE AND FEEDING
OF YOUR SEPTIC SYSTEM

WHEN: May 2, 2018; l-2pm

WHERE: Cardinal House

Red Bird Mission Workhouse
70 Queendale Center
Beverly KY

For More Information Please Contact
Lois Smith 606-598-0520

E. coli Sampling in Red Bird River

Presented by Brad Lee
*

College of Agriculture,
Food and Environment
Cooperative Extension Service

This work was funded in part by a grant from the US EPA under 319(h) of the Clean Water Act

Figure 2. Septic system outreach flyer for Red Bird River.

i-igure 3. Red Bird River cleanup, November 2017.

Community engagement was high throughout the
project, as evidenced by volunteer engagement on
streamside trash cleanups, erosion control projects,
and septic system workshops. Over the course of three
years, volunteers conducted trash cleanups along 16.6
miles of stream in the Red River watershed (Figure 3).
Grant funding also helped mitigate erosion along 69.2
miles of hiking trails in the Daniel Boone National

014	2015	2016

Sampling Year

• E. coli Water Quality Standard

Samples Used For Delisting

Figure 4. Bacteria sampling in the Red Bird River
watershed.

Forest. Additionally, 100 community members
attended an informational meeting on septic improve-
ments, and 73 people attended septic workshops.

Results

Following substantial watershed planning, septic
investment and watershed cleanup, new data demon-
strates the Red Bird River Creek segment from miles
0.0 to 15.35 now supports the PCR designated use.
in 2018, DOW monitoring results show that all five
samples during the PCR season (May-September)
were under the 240 most probable number (MPN)/100
milliliters (mL) water quality threshold for delisting (see
Figure 4). As a result, Red Bird River (miles 0.0-15.35)
now meets its primary contact recreation designated
use, and E. coli is proposed for delisting as part of the
2022 Integrated Report to Congress.

Partners and Funding

Substantial local engagement led to finalization of the
Red Bird River Watershed Plan and focused engage-
ment on septic system improvements. The U.S. Forest
Service and Red Bird Mission played pivotal roles in
galvanizing community support, while also leverag-
ing over $154,000 in matching funds. DOW awarded
another EPA 319(h) grant for $178,255 in 2019 to con-
tinue septic system improvements, erosion mitigation,
and stream restoration efforts. Matching funds nearing
$119,000 are slated to multiply this investment, with an
enduring impact on the health of this watershed.

&

*L PRO^°

2

o

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
Washington, DC

EPA 841-F-23-001K
September 2023

For additional information contact:

Josiah Frey

Kentucky Division of Water
502-782-0164 • josiah.frey@ky.gov


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