ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS CODE (EFDC)

Background: EFDC is a multifunctional surface water
modeling system, which includes hydrodynamic,
sediment-contaminant, and eutrophication
components. The public domain EFDC model was
originally developed at the Virginia Institute of
Marine Science and is currently maintained by Tetra
Tech. Inc. with support from the US EPA. EFDC has
been used for more than 80 modeling studies of rivers,
lakes, estuaries, coastal regions and wetlands in the
US and abroad.

Spatial Resolution: The IT IX' model is capable of 1,
2. and 3D spatial resolution. The model employees a
curvilinear-orthogonal horizontal grid and a sigma
terrain following vertical grid. For 1-D applications,
an optional HEC type cross section description can be
used. Two horizontal grid generation and
preprocessing tools, di l l )C (GridEFDC) and VOGG
i Visual Orthogonal Grid Generator) are available.

Hydro dynamic Capabilities: The EFDC model's
hydrodynamic component employees a semi-implicit,
conservative finite volume solution scheme for the
hydrostatic primitive equations with either two or
three level time stepping. Salinity and temperature
transport are dynamically coupled which a choice of
high accuracy advection schemes including MPDATA
and COSMIC. Additional hydrodynamic component
features include, simulation of drying and wetting,
representation of hydraulic control structures,
vegetation resistance, wave-current boundary layers
and wave induced currents. An embedded single port
buoyant jet module is included for coupled near and
far field mixing analysis.

SALINITY: 0 3 B 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 38 42 4S 48

Sediment Transport Capabilities: The EFDC model
allows the simulation of multiple size classes of
cohesive and noncohesive sediment. A sediment
processes function library allows the model user to
choose from a wide range of currently accepted
parameterizations for settling, deposition,
resuspension and bed load transport. The sediment
bed is represented by multiple layers and includes a
number of armoring representations for noncohesive
sediment and a finite strain consolidation formulation
for dynamic prediction of bed layer thickness, void
ratio and pore water advection. The sediment
transport component can operate in a morphological
mode with full coupling with the hydrodynamic
component to represent dynamic evolution of bed
topography.

Contaminant Transport Capabilities: The EFDC
model can represent the transport and fate of an
arbitrary number of contaminants, including metals
and hydrophobic organics, sorbed to any of the
sediment classes and dissolved and particulate organic
carbon using a three-phase equilibrium partitioning
formulation. Dissolved and particulate organic carbon
can be represented as independent state variables or
POC can be fractionally assigned to any of the
sediment classes. A contaminant processes function
library allows the representation of various
degradation and transformation processes.

Eutrophication Capabilites: The EFDC
model includes a variable configuration
eutrophication component for simulation of
aquatic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous
cycles. The full configuration of state
variables is based on the CE-QUAL-ICM
model including sediment diagenesis. The
configuration can be readily reduced to
WASP equivalent configurations. In addition
to the internal eutrophication model, EFDC
can create hydrodynamic transport files
formatted for WASP and CE-QUAL-ICM.

0 20 40 BO BO 100 120 140 160 1B0 200

Florida Bay EFDC application

Model Validation: The EFDC model has
been validated using analytical solutions,
simulations of laboratory experiments and
verified prototype applications. An extensive
bibliography of referred journal and
conference proceedings articles exist.

Auxiliary Tools: In addition to the grid
generation tools, a windows based model
interface, BFDCView, incorporating grid
generation, pre-processing and post-
processing tools is available. A number of
currently available post-processing tools
support various graphics packages such as
IDL, TECPLOT and MATLAB.


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