TWO YEAR ANNIVERSARY REPORT
BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW
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Table of Contents
Administrator's Message 3
Introduction 5
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Implementation Priorities 7
Tribal Investments 7
Environmental Justice 7
Climate Adaptation and Resilience 8
Technical Assistance 8
Evidence and Evaluation 9
Build America, Buy America Act 10
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Investments Map and Resources 11
Financial Summary 12
Water Infrastructure Investments 14
Restoring and Protecting Treasured Waters 17
Clean School Bus Program 20
Superfund 23
Brownfields 25
Recycling and Waste Management 27
Pollution Prevention 30
Appendix 31
Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Funding Allocations 31
EPA PUBLICATION NUMBER: 190R23004
YEAR TWO ANNIVERSARY REPORT | BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW
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Administrator's Message
Today marks exactly two years since President Biden signed
the historic Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), a once-in-
a-generation investment in the future of our country This
unprecedented law is creating millions of jobs, modernizing
our nation's infrastructure, combatting climate change, and
building equitable and resilient communities across the
country. Since President Biden signed the law, the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been
working quickly to mobilize billions of dollars in resources
to help fulfill our mission of protecting public health and the
environment, while prioritizing communities who unjustly
bear the burdens of environmental harm and pollution.
I'm incredibly proud of the strides our team at EPA has made to implement these historic
investments in America. Since the first day of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, over 300 water
infrastructure projects have broken ground to deliver cleaner drinking water to and manage
wastewater in communities across the country, and there are more to come. Additionally,
we've expedited our work to tackle legacy pollution by obligating funds at 152 Superfund sites
on the National Priorities List, including 48 out of 49 that had been previously backlogged.
We've begun assessment and cleanup work at 227 Brownfield sites. Approximately 2,400
brand-new clean school buses are beginning to hit the road in communities nationwide. And
we've funded 84 community and tribal projects focused on environmental justice to expand
recycling infrastructure and pollution prevention practices across America.
Over the past year, I've been on the ground visiting communities across the country and I've
seen firsthand how these investments are delivering the resources and relief that so many
have been waiting for, for so long. For example, I toured a construction site in a Grand Rapids,
Michigan neighborhood where a lead service line that connects the city's water supply to
household plumbing is being replaced. The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law is supporting similar
projects nationwide, to identify and remove lead service lines and ensure safe lead-free water.
In Alma, Kansas, I met with students, school officials, and community leaders in the Wabaunsee
School District, where the state received its first electric school buses under the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law. I heard from residents how rural communities like Wabaunsee can partner
with electric utilities to support school bus electrification. In Nanticoke, Pennsylvania, I joined
White House Senior Advisor and Infrastructure Coordinator Mitch Landrieu and members of
the community, where the local school district is set to receive 15 new electric buses under the
law. All across America, more students, teachers, and staff are breathing easier this school year
as we get cleaner school buses on the road.
At EPA, all of our work centers around equity and environmental justice. As part of this effort,
our agency has launched a robust network of technical assistance centers in every EPA region
across many programs. These centers are designed to help ensure federal resources are
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equitably distributed and meet the unique on-the-ground environmental justice challenges
faced by communities across the country.
I'd like to thank the exemplary staff here at EPA. Because of the dedicated career staff and
the next generation of EPA employees, we have made tremendous progress in implementing
the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. I'm honored to work alongside our talented team in
fulfilling our mission. You can learn more and track our progress by visiting our website at
epa.aov/infrastructure.
There's still much more work to be done in the fight for a cleaner and healthier future for all, but
with unprecedented resources and investments from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the
Inflation Reduction Act, we are moving further and faster than ever before to ensure that all
people have clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and the opportunity to live a healthy life.
Thank you,
Michael S. Regan
Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Introduction
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) provides generational investments in rebuilding America's
infrastructure. With these historic investments, EPA is funding projects that improve people's health and
safety, strengthen our infrastructure to make it more resilient to climate change, expand economic markets
for American products, and increase the number of good-paying jobs in communities across the country.
EPA's BIL investments focus on our communities, especially the most vulnerable and underserved that have
disproportionately borne the burden of pollution and environmental harms. This report tells the story of
our progress over the last two years in such communities. It tells the story of resources allocated, projects
implemented, and groundbreaking investments made in our communities. By engaging and listening to
these communities over the past year, many of EPA's projects are scaling and expanding aggressively to
meet the complexities of each community's unique needs.
EPA is using the BIL funds to make unprecedented investments in our nation's water infrastructure and
natural water resources. Communities are restoring and protecting our rivers, lakes, and treasured regional
waters (such as the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay). Water systems are replacing lead service lines and
drinking water distribution sources to reduce the negative impacts of lead on childhood development,
and addressing emerging contaminants such as "forever" oer-and polvfluoroalkvl substances (PFAS)
in drinking water supplies. Communities are implementing stormwater infrastructure projects that are
helping to prevent devastating floods in communities nationwide and reducing contaminated runoff into
surface waters. Other water infrastructure projects are easing the impacts of severe droughts by increasing
the uses of recycled water. All these investments are designed to improve community health and local
resilience to the impacts of climate change and extreme weather while supporting community priorities.
The Clean School Bus program, funded entirely by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, is a catalyst in
electrifying our school transportation system. Approximately 2,400 brand-new clean school buses have
been funded and are beginning to hit the road in communities nationwide, leading to reductions in diesel
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exhaust that will improve children's health while reductions in greenhouse gas emissions will directly
combat climate change.
Additionally, EPA is investing billions of the BIL dollars to clean up contaminated sites that expose
communities to a mixture of environmental pollutants that cause cancers and other illnesses. Many of these
projects were identified for cleanup years or decades ago but were not addressed due to lack of available
funding and resources. The Superfund Remedial program addresses many of the worst contaminated
areas in the United States by investigating and implementing long-term cleanup remedies at sites on the
National Priorities List (NPL). Similarly, at Brownfields sites, the Agency is using the BIL resources to clean
up legacy polluted areas for expansion, redevelopment, or reuse, which can improve the local economy
and create good paying jobs.
Through the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR) program, EPA is using the BIL funding to
modernize the American recycling and solid waste management systems, providing resources to expand
infrastructure through material recovery facilities, curbside waste collection services, recycling, and
composting programs, especially in communities that historically have not received such investments.The
Recycling Education and Outreach (REO) grant program also complements this effort with resources for
recycling education. EPA is also investing in developing battery collection best practices and determining
voluntary labeling guidelines, which will help ensure safe end of lifelong management of batteries.
EPA's Pollution Prevention program is yet another example of strong investments where the Agency is
using $100 million in the BIL resources to help reduce or eliminate pollutants from entering waste streams
or being released into the environment altogether prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal. Less pollution
means fewer hazards posed to public health and the environment. The BIL investment effectively triples
the annual funding available to states, Tribes, and other eligible entities to help them learn about and
adopt source reduction practices.
This annual report is a follow-up to the one issued by the EPA last year to mark progress under the first year
of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. It captures EPA's progress to date and puts a spotlight on investments
to help inform our stakeholders, including Congress, intergovernmental partners, elected officials, press,
and the public of how the BIL funds are being invested to benefit human health and the environment.This
second annual report highlights and puts a spotlight on the people and places that are directly benefitting
from the BIL investments.
Please visit the BIL website at epa.aov/infrastructure to follow all our progress and learn more about
how EPA leverages this historic funding to invest in communities and protect human health and the
environment.
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Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Implementation
Priorities
Tribal Investments
EPA is committed to supporting Tribal nations
and their communities that have endured
deeply rooted public health and environmental
challenges. Many of these communities have
never received or benefited from adequate
federal infrastructure funding. The BIL represents
a historic opportunity to correct this disparity.
As such, this report highlights examples of
investments made directly through the BIL to
support Tribal communities across the country.
For instance, EPA's State Revolving Funds are
funding improvements to drinking water and
clean water systems, investments in brownfieids
sites on Tribal land are removing hazardous
substances such as asbestos so that those sites
can be utilized by the community, and EPA's
recycling investments are helping to modernize
local waste management systems and build a circular economy. Earlier this year in March 2023, EPA issued
an update on accomplishments and funding investments in Tribai Nations and their Communities. This
report can be found here.
Environmental Justice
EPA is placing environmental justice and equity at the center of our mission and is embedding these
principles throughout the nation's environmental protection enterprise. By doing so, EPA is furthering the
promise of clean air, clean water, and safe land to communities across the country that have experienced
decades of underinvestment and are most impacted by environmental hazards and pollution, including
rural communities, communities of color, and low-income communities. Centering our work on justice is
especially important in an era when EPA must simultaneously break the cycle of historic environmental
injustices while maximizing protections for these same communities that are too often hit first and worst
from the impacts of a changing climate.
To advance environmental justice, EPA continues to implement President Biden's Justice40 Initiative
through the BIL resources. The Justice40 Initiative aims to ensure that at least 40 percent of the benefits
of certain Federal investments must flow to disadvantaged communities. EPA's goal is to not only meet
but exceed in delivering at least 40 percent of the overall benefits of relevant Federal investments to
disadvantaged communities.
Some environmental justice successes from the second year of the BIL implementation efforts include:
• To date, EPA has awarded over$11 billion in clean water investments from the Bipartisan Infrastructure
Law under the State Revolving Funds, with at least 49% of this funding to go to disadvantaged
communities.
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Administrator Regan visits Ilisagvik, the only Tribal college in all
of Alaska. The college honors Inupiaq cultural heritage. It also
offers an innovative workforce training program to help students
learn how to analyze contaminated sites in Alaska and across the
country.
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• This year, over 76 percent (more than $785 million) of Superfund funding went to communities with
potential environmental justice concerns.
• The Clean School Bus Program remains focused on priority areas under the 2023 CSB Rebate and
Grant programs with a focus on serving low-income, rural, and / or Tribal students across the country.
EPA has funded more than $100 million in projects to expand recycling infrastructure and pollution
prevention practices across America with a particular focus on environmental justice.
Climate Adaptation and Resilience
EPA has served as a leader in helping communities build resiliency as we prepare for, and adapt to, the
impacts of climate change. The Agency is able to do more on this issue thanks to the historic resources
from the BIL. For example, EPA's programs are actively working to update plans and strategies to integrate
climate change impacts into the core fabric of our programmatic work. EPA is proactively engaging with
organizations representing overburdened and underserved communities, which are more vulnerabletothe
impacts of climate change. These adaptation commitments are part of a whole-of-government approach
to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate change. EPA remains committed to modernizing our
funding and financing programs to support climate-smart investments while delivering on other important
community priorities including equity, sustainability, resilience, job creation and training.
Technical Assistance
EPA remains focused on expanding the reach of our investments and funding to a diverse set of
communities nationwide. EPA has worked hard to make it easier to navigate, access, and deploy funding to
ensure that EPA resources are available to all, including those that have been historically underserved. For
instance, the Environmental Justice Thriving Communities Technical Assistance Centers (TCTACs) and the
EPA's new Promoting Readiness and Enhancing Proficiency to Advance Reporting and Data (PREPARED)
are a few recent examples of how the Agency is working to help communities better navigate Federal
funding opportunities. Additionally, EPA's Water Technical Assistance (WaterTA) is designed to provide
approximately $500 million to help close the wastewater access gap, remove lead pipes, and work closely
with communities in states, Tribes, and Territories to address pressing water infrastructure needs.
Earlier this year, in partnership with the Department of Energy, EPA opened 16TCTACs to provide technical
assistance to small, minority-owned businesses, not-for-profits, and nongovernmental organizations to
remove barriers and to improve accessibility for communities with environmental justice concerns.1 These
TCTACS are designed to help communities and partners compete for Federal dollars, and successfully
manage grants and implement projects. Additionally, three of the 16 TCTACs are dedicated specifically
to assisting Tribes, with the goal of strengthening EPA's partnership with Tribal Nations to deliver much-
needed infrastructure investments toTribal communities.TheseTCTACs serve as one example of ways that
EPA is providing critical support to the BIL grantees, particularly those that are receiving assistance for the
first time.
EPA's WaterTA serves as an additional example whereby the Agency is proactively working to support
communities that would otherwise struggle to secure technical assistance and funding. The Village of
Akron, Michigan has rusty water pipes that produce brown water that stains clothes and forces many
residents to purchase bottled water. As part of EPA's WaterTA efforts, this community is now working
together with providers and experts to identify infrastructure solutions and utilize funding mechanisms
1 DOE is providing $3 million in the BIL appropriations forTCTACs.
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that that will allow the community to make investments to address the underlying issues and deliver clean
water to residents.
Lastly, EPA has also initiated a new cooperative agreement over the last year for technical assistance
providers with program evaluation expertise that is designed to help support and enhance the data,
reporting, and evidence-building capacity of EPA grant recipients that represent small, underserved, or
Tribal communities.This initiative will provide technical assistance to help enhance the ability of EPA grant
recipients to generate the data and information necessary to evaluate program outcomes and maximize
impact for communities.
Evidence and Evaluation
The Agency's ability to protect human health and the environment depends on its use of high-quality
evidence to support the development and implementation of its policies, decisions, guidance, and
regulations. EPA programs collect data about their implementation and outcomes to monitor their
effectiveness (i.e., the extent to which targets are achieved), efficiency (i.e., the extent to which activities
are delivered on schedule and within budget), and equity (i.e., the extent to which all people regardless of
background have fair access to program benefits).
In line with the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Evidence Act). EPA promotes a
culture of using evidence to support continuous improvement and decision-making. As part of this effort,
the BIL programs have undertaken a series of evidence-building projects over the past year that address
four priority areas:
Identifying the locations of program investments, to assess the extent to which funds are being
distributed to disadvantaged and underserved communities.
Examining howwell programsare being implemented in relation to target schedules and milestones,
including the development of deliverables such as products (e.g., reports), services (e.g., technical
assistance), and events (e.g., community meetings).
Documenting program outcomes.The BIL programsseekto deliver outcomes across various important
dimensions: environmental (e.g., number of Brownfields sites assessed or cleaned up); community-
level health indicators (e.g., child asthma rates); behavior change (e.g., individual or organizational
recycling behaviors); social and economic benefits (e.g., access to green spaces, job creation); climate
change mitigation (e.g., diesel emissions reduction); and climate change adaptation (e.g., flood risk
reduction).
Identifying key groups and their environmental priorities. This data enables programs to ensure that
they are engaging with the communities and groups most impacted by the program.This work helps
programs harness valuable insights and experiences around local priorities and creates a shared
vision for identifying and solving problems; such collaborations increase the likelihood of program
success, particularly in communities with environmental justice concerns that have historically not
received a fair share of investments and benefits.
Each BIL program has developed an evidence-building strategy to systematically collect data that addresses
one or more of these four priority areas. Over time, this growing evidence base will be used to improve
the programs'effectiveness, efficiency, and equity, thus helping to ensure that the historic BIL investments
have a positive and measurable impact in communities across the country.
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Build America, Buy America Act
Two years ago, in November 2021, Congress passed the Build America, Buy America Act (BABA),
along with the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Since then, EPA has continued to make strong progress
in implementing BABA requirements as part of our commitment to bolstering America's industrial
base, protecting national security, and supporting high-paying jobs. The Agency is well-positioned
to continue its progress with market research and engagement with industry because of its extensive
experience implementing domestic sourcing for water infrastructure projects as part of existing
American Iron and Steel requirements. To give recipients time to adapt to BABA requirements, EPA has
issued five adjustment period or program waivers: four general applicability waivers (Pacific Island,
Minor Components, de minimis, and Small Projects), and an electric vehicle chargers product waiver.
These waivers reduce the administrative burden for recipients and American manufacturers. Such
narrow waivers serve as a critical role so that the Agency can focus on engaging industry in expanding
domestic manufacturing opportunities while supporting EPA infrastructure projects and overall mission.
EPA financial assistance agreements comply with the Federal Buy America Build America Act (BABA),
which requires our partners that receive the BIL funding for infrastructure projects to use iron, steel,
manufactured products, and construction materials that are made in America.This program is designed to
open new American supply chain markets and stimulate the economy and job growth right here at home.
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Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Investments Map
and Resources
In order to highlight investments made by EPA under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, EPA launched an
interactive map earlier this year. With this map, you can discover the historic investments made in the
health, equity, and resilience of American communities through the BIL funding over the past two years.
The data and visual representations illustrated in this map represent current progress and impact of the
work conducted by EPA, with the expectation that this information will be updated as projects grow
in number and scope throughout the country. With unprecedented funding to support our national
infrastructure, EPA is working hard to improve people's health and safety, help create good-paying jobs,
and increase climate resilience throughout the country.
EPA will continue to update this BIL Investments Map as implementation efforts continue over the coming
years.
In addition, more information about the BIL Funding Resources and EPA investments can be found here:
• EPA Funding Announcements from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act.
This page includes an overview of current and upcoming funding opportunities from the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act. We encourage you to check this page frequently
as updates are posted regularly.
• White House Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Guidebook. Please refer to this guidebook for complete
program descriptions, funding amounts, period of availability, eligible recipients, eligible uses, and
more.
• White House Technical Assistance Guide. Please consult this guide to further navigate, access, and
explore investment resources, technical assistance, and program opportunities.
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Financial Summary
The BIL provides EPA with over $60 billion for a wide range of programs over five fiscal years from FY 2022
through 2026.
For each fiscal year, this includes:
$14.1
billion
in
FY 2022
$11.2
billion
in
FY 2023
$11.6
billion
in
FY 2024
$12.0
billion
in
FY 2025
$12.0
billion
in
FY 2026
Of this total $60 billion investment from the BIL:
More than $50 billion are for clean water and drinking water projects along with other water
protection programs, the single largest Federal investment in clean water ever made.
More than $5 billion are for cleaning longstanding pollution at Superfund and Brownfields
sites to restore the economic vitality of communities that have been exposed to pollution for
far too long.
$5 billion are for Clean School Buses in school districts across the county.
$375 million are for improving waste management and recycling systems managed under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) for building a circular economy that enables
resources to maintain their highest value for as long as possible.
$100 million are for the Pollution Prevention Program to increase access to safer and more
sustainable products and services.
EPA received $25.3 billion in the BIL appropriations in Fiscal Years 2022 and 2023 and will receive the
remaining $35.6 billion in three annual increments in Fiscal Years 2024, 2025, and 2026. The table below
outlines that EPA has obligated $16.2 billion (64%) of the $25.3 billion made available to the Agency thus
far.
EPA remains focused on its fiduciary responsibilities in managing these resources effectively and efficiently
and will continue to work closely with the Office of Inspector General (OIG) to mitigate risks for waste,
fraud, and abuse.
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The BIL FY 2022 and 2023 Appropriations & Obligations
(Dollars in Millions. Data as of November 9, 2023)
The BIL Major Category(1)
FY 2022 & 2023
BIL Appropriations(2)
Obligations / Funds
Awarded
(As of November 9,2023)
% Obligated
OW State Revolving
Funds
$16,065
$11,293
70%
OW Contaminant and
UIC Grants
$2,040
$884
43%
OW Geographic and
Related Water Programs
$770
$475
62%
Superfund
$3,483
$2,115
61%
Brownfields
$597
$525
88%
Recycling and RCRA
Grants
$164
$35
22%
Clean School Bus
Program
$1,990
$889
45%
Pollution Prevention
Grants
$40
$18
44%
Inspector General
$114
$23
20%
Totals
$25,262
$16,256
64%
(1) A table showing detailed spending by EPA the BIL line item is in the appendix, including financial statistics for each SRF, geographic and
other program line items.
(2) Total Appropriated = Amount appropriated for Fiscal Years 2022 and 2023 less IG funds that are shown as a separate line item.
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I rappers Lake White River National Forest Colorado. (Courtesy of EPA staff)
Water Infrastructure Investments
Water infrastructure and wastewater infrastructure is critical to protecting public health and the
environment. However, much of the water infrastructure in America has aged beyond its useful life. EPA
is therefore investing $50 billion to improve our nation's water and wastewater infrastructure system
through the BIL — the single largest investment in water resources and infrastructure that the Federal
government has ever made.
All communities deserve access to safe, clean, and reliable water. Yet too many communities across
America—rural, urban, suburban, small, and large—face challenges in providing safe drinking water,
wastewater, and stormwater services to their residents. An estimated 2.2 million people in America lack
basic drinking water and indoor plumbing in their homes. Many more fear infrastructure failure from
severe climate events or lack of water due to droughts.
Through the BIL, EPA is addressing the most pressing water quality concerns facing our country, including
lead in drinking water, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination, and the sanitation crisis
facing many small, rural, and underserved communities. To address these challenges, the BIL is providing
$10 billion through FY 2026 to address emerging contaminants like PFAS that pose multiple human health
risks, such as certain cancers.
Over the last two years, EPA has provided over $11 billion through the BIL to states, territories, Tribes,
and local communities to support water infrastructure. Every state and Puerto Rico has received State
Revolving Fund (SRF) the BIL capitalization grants, a Federal-state partnership that provides communities
with low-cost financing for a wide range of water infrastructure projects from sewage systems to drinking
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water. Through upgrades, relocation projects, arid investments in green infrastructure. EPA will use the 131L
funding to improve the resiliency of the nation's drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater infrastructure
for generations to come. These improvements also help protect the nation's water infrastructure from
extreme weather events driven by climate change. Approximately 350 drinking water SRF projects have
been funded thus far, with 212 already starting implementation. Additionally, more than 155 clean water
SRF projects have also been funded thus far, with 123 already starting implementation.
Nearly half of the State Revolving Fund is intentionally structured — through grants and principal
forgiveness programs — to provide a pathway for underserved communities that might otherwise not
be able to access traditional loans to address their water infrastructure needs. For example, in February
2023, EPA announced upwards of $2.4 billion for communities to spend on upgrading essential water,
wastewater, and stormwater infrastructure across the nation. Nearly half of this funding was made available
as grants or principal forgiveness loans.
With the help of the BIL,
President Biden has pledged
100 percent replacement of
lead drinking water service
lines across the country. EPA's
most recent Drinking Water
Infrastructure Needs Survey and
Assessment projected a national
total of 9.2 million lead service
lines in the United States. Lead
is particularly hazardous to the
health of children and infants
as it is a known developmental
neurotoxin that interferes with
brain development; i.e., there is
no safe level of lead exposure for
children.The BIL. funding forthe
SRF program includes a historic
$15 billion investment over five
years specifically for the replacement of lead drinking water service lines and associated activities such
as identification and inventory of the lead lines. To help communities access this funding, in January the
White House and EPA launched the Lead Service Line Replacement Accelerators initiative. As part of this
WaterTA pilot program, EPA is providing hands-on support to guide communities in four participating
states (Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) through the process of lead service line
removals, from start to finish. This includes support in developing lead service line replacement plans,
conducting inventories to identify lead pipes, increasing community outreach and education efforts, and
supporting applications for the BIL funding. As a result, more communities are now able to access Federal
funds to secure a lead-free future.
EPA Assistant Administrator for Water Radhika Fox announces a $76 million loan to
Monterey One Water at an event near Marina, California. The project will expand
existing water reuse capacity from 5 million gallons per day to 7.6 million gallons per
day while ensuring residents and businesses in the surrounding areas have a Climate
resilient water supply.
Similarly, in April, the Agency announced more than $6.5 billion to clean up drinking water supplies in
states, territories, and Tribal communities. Of these funds, nearly $3 billion are being used specifically to
identify lead service lines and replace them with safe alternatives.
To maintain focus on this as a top priority, Administrator Regan has traveled the country and visited
communities that are taking action to remove lead from their water systems. In July, he visited Grand
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Rapids, Michigan, to tour an active residential lead service line replacement project and to discuss how the
BIL funding is delivering environmental and economic benefits to communities across the country. Over
the last two years, EPA has supported similar communities with $3.5 billion in the BIL resources specifically
for lead line replacement. In total, 30 lead service line projects have already been funded, replacing about
30,000 lead service lines.
Relatediy, the BIL resources are having a direct impact on tribal communities as well. For example, EPA and
Health and Human Service's Indian Health Service partnered to contribute nearly $23 million in order to
build a new water treatment plant to ensure clean and safe drinking water for the 3,800 strong community
of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. Similarly, the drinking water system on the Fort Belknap Indian
Reservation had previously struggled with disinfection by-products compliance for roughly 10 years.
Following EPA's in-depth investigation in 2022, the Agency partnered with the Indian Health Service using
the BIL resources to install proper 3-phase power and aeration equipment. Construction is projected to be
completed by the end of November 2023 to address these challenges.
As referenced previously, EPA is investing heavily in Water Technical Assistance (WaterTA) efforts, helping
communities assess their water needs, identify potential infrastructure solutions, and develop funding
applications. In 2023, EPA committed to investing $500 million to support more than 1,500 communities
across the nation through WaterTA. The Agency continues to launch new targeted technical assistance
initiatives on issues from lead pipes to wastewater access. EPA and its partners are also taking a proactive
and community centered approach, with a particular focus on underserved communities, to make it easier
for them to access resources while also building relationships and supporting community engagement
efforts. For example, White Hall, Alabama, in Lowndes County received $450,000 to plan and develop
wastewater solutions for residents who regularly deal with raw sewage in their homes and yards. White Hall
received these funds through EPA's Wastewater Access Gap Initiative, one of many EPA WaterTA programs.
Communities interested in receiving WaterTA and similar services can apply online via epa.gov/waterTA.
Expected Results Year 3: Looking ahead to year three of the BIL implementation, EPA expects states and
territories to continue applying for and receiving the FY 2023 and FY 2024 BIL SRF capitalization grants, EPA
also expects construction to continue on the hundreds of projects funded in years one and two and will
continue planning for thousands more to be underway.
Lake Superior Michigan. (Courtesy of EPA staff!
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Restoring and Protecting Treasured Waters
The BIL delivers nearly $2 billion to EPA over 5 years (FY 2022-26) to expand and accelerate the impacts of
important place-based programs that the Agency administers across the United States, These additional
funds play an essential role in protecting and restoring iconic coastlines, rivers, wetlands, and by extension,
their surrounding ecosystems, communities, and economies that rely on clean water. As EPA implements
each of these programs, the Agency is working directly with states, Tribes, and other partners to ensure
these resources, and their benefits, are shared equitably.
In 2023 each of the 40 EPA Geographic and Estuary Programs submitted equity strategies that help guide
each program's work to ensure that disadvantaged, underserved, and Tribal communities are represented
and benefit equitably from the BIL resources. Many of these programs are creating possibilities for
communities to perform planning, outreach, and other capacity-buiiding projects to address their climate
change and environmental justice needs. For example, the Southeast New England Programs Opportunity
to Advance Resilience Fund aims to improve and support the climate resilience of disadvantaged
communities with the design and implementation of projects that address the anticipated effects of
climate change and the historic, long-term impacts of environmental and social injustices. Over the last
two years, $438 million in the BIL resources have been provided to support these efforts.The BIL funding is
helping protect waters throughout the country by aiding three EPA programs that focus on the protection
of aquatic resources: the National Estuary Program, Geographic Programs, and Gulf Hypoxia Program.
National Estuary Program (NEP):The NEP is an EPA place-based program that protects and restores the
water quality and ecological integrity of 28 estuaries of national significance along the Atlantic, Gulf, and
Pacific coasts, and in Puerto Rico. Over the first two years of the BIL implementation, the NEP program has
leveraged the BIL funds to enable projects in all 28 local NEPs.
In April 2023, EPA announced the award of $1.8 million to invest in equity, clean water, and resilience
to help restore Maryland Coastal Bays. Among other efforts, this funding will support the restoration of
1,800 feet of nature-based and enhanced shoreline buffer habitat to help protect the infrastructure of
Assateague Island National Seashore and the University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
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Geographic Programs: EPA administers 12 Geographic Programs. These are long-standing programs
supporting work in critical watersheds that help protect local ecosystems and communities from climate
change, habitat loss, and pollution. The work varies significantly by program and generally includes
ecosystem and habitat restoration, water quality improvement and water quality monitoring, nutrient
reduction monitoring, climate resilience, environmental education and outreach, and local capacity
building.
A few select examples of the 2023 BIL investments in EPA Geographic Programs are referenced below:
Chesapeake Bay Program: EPA is investing $1,175 million of the BIL resources in a financial incentive
program for property-owners in Delaware. This funding creates two programs to assist private property
owners to install stormwater management practices and restore riparian buffers to enhance water quality
in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.The Delaware Community Conservation Assistance Program will provide
financial assistance to homeowners to install stormwater management practices on their property that will
reduce harmful runoff into the bay and
is specifically designed for landowners
on non-agricultural properties. Eligible
homeowners can receive up to 75
percent cost reimbursement for the
installation of rain gardens, conservation
landscaping, tree planting, and
other green infrastructure practices.
The Forest Buffer Incentive Program
provides tree plantings free of charge
with an additional one-time incentive
program. Riparian forest buffers are
an important practice for restoring
the Chesapeake Bay given their ability
to improve water quality and provide
habitat along the thousands of miles
of rivers and streams in the Chesapeake
Bay watershed.
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI): EPA is investing $1 billion from the BIL resources to restore
environmentally degraded sites within the Great Lakes area, including locations in Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Everyone should have the opportunity to enjoy America's
natural wonders free from pollution. Restoring the Great Lakes, in collaboration with local and state
partners, is a crucial step towards making this goal a reality. Additionally, EPA is working to leverage these
investments to ensure that vulnerable communities and ecosystems in these regions build their adaptive
capacity to the impacts of climate change.
In May 2023, the Agency announced the availability of $30 million from the BIL for restoration projects
that advance environmental justice in underserved and overburdened communities across the Great
Lakes. EPA published a request for applications for the newly created Great Lakes Environmental Justice
Grant Program that will fund implementation of environmental protection and restoration projects that
will further the goals of the GLRI in communities with environmental justice concerns..
Other successes under the GLRI program include the now completed Spirit Lake remediation project—
one of the first BIL-funded GLRI projects. EPA managed the $165 million cleanup under the Great Lakes
Legacy Act. Over $52 million in the BIL funds were used to complete this cleanup. Approximately 1.3
million cubic yards of impacted material was removed and / or remediated as a part of this project. In
YEAR TWO ANNIVERSARY REPORT | BIPARTISAN INFRASTRUCTURE LAW
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Kiptopeke State Park Virginia on the Chesapeake Bay. (Courtesy of EPA staff)
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addition, 14 acres of new open water was created in Spirit Lake and significant recreational improvements
were made. Completion of this project represents a historic milestone in restoration of the St. Louis River
Area of Concern.
Puget Sound ProgramrTheOhopCreekValley is the third largest salmon-bearing tributary to the Nisqually
River. The Nisqually Tribe has been conducting floodplain restoration efforts for over two decades. In
partnership with the Northwest Indian Fisheries commission and multiple state and Federal agencies,
including EPA, the Tribe is leveraging the BIL funding to protect vital salmon populations from the fatal
impact of 6PPD-quinone, a chemical from tires that contaminants streams through stormwater runoff. As
part of their efforts, the Tribe has installed a biofiltration structure that routes stormwater runoff from a
regional highway before discharging into Valley wetlands.
Gulf Hypoxia Program: The Gulf Hypoxia program is an EPA collaborative effort with states and Tribes
to improve water quality in the Mississippi River / Atchafalaya River Basin and the Gulf of Mexico, as
well as to reduce the hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf. Hypoxia (meaning low oxygen levels) can have
detrimental effects on the ecological and economic health of impacted watersheds and the communities
that depend on them. Excess nutrients delivered to a waterbody can lead to both overgrowth of algae and
eutrophication. As dead algae decompose, oxygen is consumed in the process, resulting in low levels of
oxygen in the water.These hypoxic areas are often called "dead zones" because they are unable to sustain
normal populations offish, shellfish, corals, and other marine and aquatic life.
Thanks to the BIL, for the first time since the Gulf Hypoxia Taskforce was formed, EPA is distributing
significant dedicated resources through the Gulf Hypoxia Program to support states.Tribes. and other
partners implement projects to achieve the goals of the Taskforce. In addition to funding state programs
that are collaborating with communities and farmers in the basin, EPA's Gulf Hypoxia team made specific
outreach efforts to ensure Tribal communities in the basin participate in this program. In FY 2024,
15 Tribes will receive $5.4 million of Gulf Hypoxia funds they applied for in FY 2023. Planned projects
range from implementing novel management practices on Tribal land to establishing EPA-approved
water quality management programs via Treatment as a State (TAS)2 and more. The 12 Task Force states
submitted workplans to EPA during FY 2022, and all state grants have been awarded in FY 2023.The state
workplans include stakeholder outreach, conservation practice implementation and analysis, modeling
and monitoring, wastewater treatment plant optimization, progress tracking, planning activities, and
administrative support.
Expected Results Year 3: Looking ahead to year three of the BIL place-based implementation, EPA expects
to see water quality improvement, habitat restoration, toxics remediation, climate resilience, and other
projects moving forward throughout the year, and many other educational, research, and planning efforts
start to accelerate. In many cases, programs have executed multi-year grants and developed long-term
plans in the first two years of the BIL implementation, allowing them to quickly distribute FY 2024 funding
allotments and put those funds to work on the ground. Programs with new annual competitive funding
opportunities will be available to support work in 2024 and beyond. Programs will also workto implement
the equity strategies they developed in 2022-2023 to ensure that the benefits of the BIL funds accrue to
historically disadvantaged communities.
2 Several federal environmental laws authorize EPA to treat eligible federally recognized Indian Tribes in a similar manner as a state (TAS) for implementing
and managing certain environmental programs. The Clean Air Act (CAA), Clean Water Act (CWA),and Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) expressly provide
the authority for Indian Tribes to play essentially the same role in Indian country that states do within state lands. More information can be found here.
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EPA provided a $1.58 million rebate, funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, to the PelIston Public Schools District to buy four
electric school buses. The buses came online in January 2023.
Clean School Bus Program
School buses in the United States drive more than 4 billion miles each year, providing the safest
transportation to and from school for more than 25 million American children every day. While new buses
meet EPA's higher emission standards, most school buses on the road emit pollutants, including nitrogen
oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), in diesel exhaust.These pollutants contribute to poor air quality
and negatively impact human health, especially for children, who have a faster breathing rate than adults
and whose lungs are not yet fully developed. Bus drivers and other school staff are also exposed to diesel
exhaust inside and near school buses. EPA's Clean School Bus (CSB) Program funds the replacement of
school buses emitting higher levels of pollutants with new buses that emit zero or much lower levels of
pollutants (i.e., zero-emission (ZE) or clean school buses).These replacement buses are designed to ensure
cleaner air for students, bus drivers, school staff working near bus loading areas, and the communities
through which these buses drive every day. The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from these bus
replacements also help address the outsized role of the transportation sector in fueling the climate crisis.
ZE or clean school buses can also cost less to maintain or fuel than the older buses they are replacing,
which can free up other needed resources for schools.
The BIL provides $5 billion for the replacement of existing school buses with clean school buses and ZE
school buses. Congress authorized EPA to administer rebates, grants, and contracts to replace a substantial
portion of the nation's fleet of nearly 500,000 school buses with clean and ZE models to reduce harmful
emissions from older buses.This historic investment in school buses will transform fleets across the United
States, especially in communities that have been historically underserved. In the first year of the BIL, EPA
launched and began administering the 2022 CSB Rebate Program and awarded approximately $900
million in 2022 CSB rebates. In the second year of the BIL, the program launched the 2023 CSB Grant
Program, under which EPA anticipates awarding at least $400 million, and launched the 2023 CSB Rebate
Program, where EPA anticipates awarding at least $500 million to our school systems. The CSB Program
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efforts have already funded approximately 2,400 clean school buses that will soon be on the road in over
280 communities across the country.
For both the CSB rebate and grant programs, EPA continued to provide support to applicants and rebate
selectees through webinars on topics such as fleet planning and utility engagement. EPA also advanced its
partnership with the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation (Joint Office) and the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL) to offer technical assistance to school districts, including information and tools
to successfully plan for and deploy their awarded clean school buses and the corresponding infrastructure.
The Joint Office and NREL served as the CSB Program's technical assistance leads by developing resources
and providing customer service in response to stakeholder needs. Given the technical expertise from both
these organizations and their long-standing relationships with researchers and industry leaders, they
remain well positioned to issue CSB Program technical assistance. The Joint Office continued providing
technical assistance via their helpline (cleanschoolbusTAtanrel.oov) that responds to any technical clean
school bus deployment or maintenance question that CSB Program applicants and selectees may have.
To be responsive to stakeholder needs and questions surrounding utility engagement and collaboration,
EPA also announced a pledge in February 2023 in partnership with two national electric sector
organizations: the Edison Electric Institute, the association that represents all United States investor-
owned electric companies, and the Beneficial Electrification League, a non-profit organization that works
closely with rural electric cooperatives and public power utility providers on electrification initiatives.
The pledge encourages electric companies to rise to the challenge and take actions in states across the
country by working with school districts on school bus deployment and by sharing best practices to help
all communities benefit from successful deployment.
EPA will continue supporting applicants, selectees, and grantees through stakeholder outreach and
partnership with the Joint Office on technical assistance. A complete list of upcoming and past webinars,
information on contacting the Joint Office, as well as numerous other technical resources are available on
the CSB Program website.
With the BIL investments, EPA is making electric school buses the American standard. Sentinel Public
Schools in Oklahoma provide a good case study of the deployment efforts thus far. The school district
applied to the CSB Rebates Program under the rural prioritization criterion for the opportunity to reduce
the school district's pollution and carbon footprint. As a result, the school district received $1,580,000 in
rebate funds to replace four of the 14 diesel buses in its fleet with electric school buses and install four
Direct Current Fast Chargers (DCFCs). Sentinel Public Schools started using the new buses in the beginning
of the 2023-2024 school year.
In February 2023, EPA Administrator Regan visited Wabaunsee Unified School District (USD) 329 in Alma,
Kansas to celebrate the delivery of the state's first all-electric school buses. Administrator Regan, joined
by students, school officials, and community leaders, highlighted how initiatives like the CSB Program are
delivering environmental and economic benefits for communities like Wabaunsee.
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Expected Results Year 3: EPA expects to continue working with applicants, selectees, and grantees across
the CSB funding opportunities (i.e., 2022 Rebate Program, 2023 Grant Program, 2023 Rebate Program). For
instance, EPA will continue to support selectees in the 2022 Rebate Program as they work to close out their
projects; EPA launched the Close Out Form for 2022 Rebate selectees in September 2023 and expects most
selectees will meet the October, 2024 deadline to submit the form.
In parallel, EPA will also complete reviews of the 2023 Grant applications, with a plan to notify grantees by
early 2024. During Year 3, EPA will work with grantees to begin their projects and support them as they
prepare for new bus deployment.
Finally, for the 2023 Rebate Program, EPA anticipates reviewing applications in early 2024 and announcing
rebate selectees by April 2024. All selectees will be posted to the Awarded Clean School Bus Program
Rebates webpaqe.3 Selectees will then proceed with submitting order documentation for new buses and
other eligible program costs (e.g., charging infrastructure, workforce development). EPA will then work
with selectees as they plan for their new bus deployments and submit order documentation by October
2024.
Administrator Regan with other officials at a Clean School Bus event In Nanticoke, PA.
3 The number of buses funded under the 2023 Rebate Program will depend on the applicant pool and other pertinent factors; in the 2022 CSB Rebate
Program, EPA has awarded approximately $900 Million in rebates and expects to fund approximately 2,400 buses.
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Superfund
The historic funding boost from the BIL
invests $3.5 billion in the Superfund
Remedial program to eliminate the backlog
of unfunded construction projects and
expedite cleanup of ongoing remedial
projects. In addition, the BIL reinstated and
modified Superfund chemical excise taxes
from July 1, 2022, through December 31,
2031 .The Department ofTreasury collected
approximately $160 million last year that
EPA has started to use for work, as authorized
by the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA or Superfund). The Superfund
Remedial program addresses many of the
worst contaminated areas in the country by
investigating and implementing long-term
cleanup remedies at sites on the National
Priorities 1st (NPL). Over the last two years,
EPA has used $2 billion in the BIL funding to
clean up these sites.
No community should have contamination EPA and municipal leaders celebrate the opening of a new 4.4MW solar
where people live, learn, work, and play. energy facility Industriplex Superfund site in Massachusetts. The facility
Yet more than one in four Black and wi" P1"07'^ power to 33 percent of the city of Somerville's municipal
Hispanic Americans live within three miles f 11 1
of a Superfund site. In almost every year
since 2000, EPA's Superfund funding had been insufficient to support the initiation of all Superfund site
construction projects to begin cleanup work. The first wave of the BIL funding last year finally allowed EPA
to approve the initiation of work at all 49 Superfund NPL sites with backlogged remedial construction
projects in 24 states and territories. As of October 1,2023, EPA has started projects at 48 of the 49 sites.
In February 2023, EPA announced the second wave of approximately $1 billion in the BIL funding for
remedial construction projects at 22 additional Superfund NPL sites and to expedite ongoing cleanup
work at over 100 other NPL sites across the country. Approximately 60 percent of the 22 Superfund sites
receiving funding for new cleanup projects in FY 2023 are in historically underserved communities. So
far the BIL funds have been used to support response work at more than 150 Superfund NPL sites. For
instance, EPA completed remedial construction work at the Wilcox OK Superfund site in Creek County,
Oklahoma, in September 2023. The BIL funding supported the excavation and off-site disposal of the
site's remaining contaminated soils and backfilling and re-vegetation of previously excavated areas. The
Jacobs Smelter Superfund site in and around Stockton, Utah, was originally placed on the NPL in 2000. In
early 2022, the site received $12 million in the BIL funds to remove approximately 70,000 tons of lead and
arsenic contaminated surface and subsurface soils at the site. Construction began in August 2022 and is
scheduled for completion later next year.
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Additionally, in February 2023, EPA announced $5 million in funding for the cleanup at the Southern
Solvents. Inc. site in North Tampa, Florida.The funds will be used to remove and treat tetrachloroethylene
(also known as PCE or PERC) and trichloroethylene contamination in the soil and groundwater onsite.
In May 2023, EPA announced the beginning of field work activities to clean contaminated sediment from
a 3.25-mile section of the Little Scioto River in Marion County, Ohio. EPA anticipates completing the entire
cleanup project in 2028.
The BIL investments at these sites and others across the country are restoring the health and economic
vitatlity of communities that have been exposted to legacy pollution for far too long. For example, 76%
of Superfund funding went to communities with potential environmental justice concerns this year. EPA
also awarded funding to 70 previously unfunded Superfund projects, clearing a longstanding backlog of
projects to clean up contaminated sites and advance environmental justice.
Expected Results Year 3: In FY 2024, EPA will continue to fund ongoing construction projects. NPL sites
with new construction projects ready to be started in FY 2024 will be announced January 2024. EPA
expects all the BIL funds available for site work to be allocated by the end of FY 2024 and will transition
construction work to other sources of funding, including the Superfund excise taxes, in FY 2025.
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Brownfields
EPA estimates that there are more than 450,000 brownfields in the United States. A brownfield is
a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or
potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Cleaning up and reinvesting
in these properties increases local tax bases, facilitates job growth, utilizes existing infrastructure, takes
development pressures off undeveloped, open land, and both improves and protects the environment.
Approximately 160 million Americans live within three miles of a brownfield site.
The BIL invests $1.5 billion through
EPA's Brownfields Program and funds
over 350 recipients and program
beneficiaries to support planning,
construction, and operation of a variety
of public infrastructure projects. This
investment in EPA's Brownfields Program
is designed to transform countless lives
and spur life-changing revitalization
in communities large and small; all
with the same desire to keep their
neighborhoods healthy, sustainable, and
reflective of the people who call it home.
With EPA's funding and direct technical
assistance, overburdened communities
can begin to address the economic,
social, and environmental challenges
caused by brownfields and reposition rDA . mt. . r „ _ ... .
r , EPA Region 7 presents $3M check to City of Kansas City, Missouri, for
these properties for investment and Brownfields funding
revitalization. Over the first two years, EPA
has awarded approximately $410 million in Brownfields Assessment, Cleanup, Revolving Loan Fund, Job
Training, and Technical Assistance Grants, and $114 million in state and Tribal response program grants. As
of October 1,2023,167 brownfield properties have been assessed and 36 sites have been made ready for
anticipated use with the BIL resources.
For example, in May 2023, EPA selected eight communities in Kentucky to receive grants totaling nearly
$6 million in competitive EPA Brownfields funding through the Multipurpose, Assessment, Revolving Loan
Fund, and Cleanup (MARC) Grant programs.Thanks to the historic boost from the BIL, nearly $215 million
will support communities in need around the country.This marks the largest funding ever awarded in the
history of EPA's Brownfields MARC Grant programs.
In June 2023, EPA recognized two Florida-based organizations that received $1 million in Brownfields
Job Training funds. Under the FY 2023 Brownfields Job Training Grant Competition, the Corporation to
Develop Communities (CDC) of Tampa, Inc., and the Sustainable Workplace Alliance each received
$500,000. Through this grant, the CDC of Tampa plans to train 200 students and place at least 180 in
environmental jobs in theTampa area, while the Sustainable Workplace Alliance plans to train 120 students
and place at least 76 in environmental jobs in the Kissimmee, Florida, area.
Similarly, the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians received a $1 million Brownfields Cleanup Grant
funded by the BILThese funds Will be used to clean up the main hospital located on 14 acres of the 600-acre
OolU»
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San Haven complex. The Tribe will use the EPA funds to clean up the abandoned main hospital complex
at the San Haven Complex which is contaminated with asbestos, lead, and polychlorinated biphenyls,
which affect building materials, soil, and water. After the buildings have been cleaned up, demolished,
and properly recycled and disposed, the Tribe plans to redevelop the site for new housing and an RV park
and campground for tourists.
Expected Results Year 3: EPA anticipates investing approximately $215 million of the BIL funds for
Brownfields Assessment, Revolving Loan Fund, Cleanup Grant, and Job Training Grants, and nearly
$60 million in state and Tribal response program grants. This funding will lead to approximately 1,500
brownfield sites assessed, 200 sites cleaned up, 660 sites made ready for anticipated use, and over 3,200
individuals trained over the grant project periods.
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Recycl ing and Waste Management
The BIL provides $350 million for EPA to implement the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR)
grant program, authorized under the 2020 Save Our Seas 2.0 Act, and authorizes and funds a new Recycling
Education and Outreach (REO) grant program,The BIL also provides $10 million to develop and promote
safe, economical best practices for collecting batteries to increase recycling and $15 million for EPA to
develop a voluntary labeling program for batteries. Over the last two years, EPA has created both new
grant programs and announced over $105 million in new awards to build a circular economy and support
recycling infrastructure.
Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling: Resources provided through the BIL are designed to transform
recycling and solid waste management by helping communities modernize local waste management
systems and build a circular economy. Mismanaged waste can compound social and economic conditions
in historically underserved and overburdened communities. The BIL. provides EPA with additional
authority and resources to support local waste management infrastructure and recycling programs. Some
communities that lack waste management infrastructure do not have curbside waste collection services,
recycling, or composting programs. This increases the burden on landfills, decreases their capacity, and
increases greenhouse gas emissions. Food waste is the single most common material sent to landfills
in the United States, comprising 24 percent of all material. More importantly, methane from landfills
creates 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions from the anaerobic decomposition of food waste.
Preventing food waste increases food security, promotes resource and energy conservation, and helps
mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR) grant program provides grants to implement the
National Recycling Strategy to improve post-consumer materials management and infrastructure;
support improvements to local post-consumer materials management and recycling programs; and
assist local waste management authorities in making improvements to local waste management
systems. The SWIFR grant program is divided into several funding opportunities: states and territories,
communities, and Tribes and InterTribai Consortia.
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In September 2023, EPA announced selections for over $105 million to support recycling infrastructure
across the country. This announcement included approximately $32 million that were awarded non-
competitively to all 56 states, territories, and the District of Columbia, as well as approximately $73 million
that EPA intends to award to 25 communities, ranging from big cities to small rural communities. This
announcement marked one of the Agency's most significant investments in support of the National
Recycling Strategy, with approximately 81 percent of funding going to disadvantaged communities, far
surpassing the Justice40 Initiative goal of 40 percent.
Examples of these 25 community investments include Bozeman, Montana, where the city will use its
$1.6 million grant award to build residential collection infrastructure to provide composting services
for up to 7,000 households, encouraging and increasing collection of organics and food waste while
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. New Orleans, Louisiana, will use its grant of just under $4 million
to expand its current residential curbside recycling program to all eligible households. This expansion
will ensure universal and equitable access to curbside recycling, provide new recycling access to about
73,000 households and replace 10,000 legacy recycling carts. New Orleans will also develop a 10-year
solid waste master plan that evaluates regional recycling processing infrastructure and capacity, explores
opportunities for organics diversion including food waste, and explores infrastructure and policy needs
to address waste diversion in multifamily and commercial operations.These project components will help
the city meet its Climate Action Plan goal of a 25 percent waste diversion rate by 2030.
Recycling Infrastructure Grants for Communities - 25 Total Selections
ton Francisco
California
Los aHi
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'eS ARIZONA
San Diego
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KANSAS Missouri!
KENTUCKY]
OKLAHOMA
NEW MEXICO
TENNESSEE
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9° V ALABAMA
Q V
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NO^H
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SOUTH i
CAROLINA*
>J A A
Aguadilla
San Antonioo
San .jQpn
^Carolina
Puerto Rico c"|,jas
Recycling Education and Outreach Grant Program: To reduce the impacts of materials and strengthen
the nation's recycling system, EPA has undertaken significant efforts to advance the circular economy
in the United States. The BIL authorized $75 million for the program and projects funded through this
grant program are designed to inform the public about residential or community recycling or composting
programs, provide information about the materials that are accepted as part of residential or community
recycling or composting programs, and increase collection rates. EPA has also developed a Model Recycling
Program Toolkit to help states, territories, local governments, Tribes, nonprofit organizations, companies,
and public-private partnerships in effectively designing and implementing programs related to recycling,
composting, anaerobic digestion, reuse, repair, and waste reduction.
Batteries: The BIL makes historic investments in batteries to increase battery collection and recycling
efforts nationwide and to reduce battery-related fires at waste management facilities. Currently, many
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consumers do not know where or how to recycle batteries. When discarded improperly, critical materials
inside batteries are lost and cannot be recycled into new batteries. Batteries can also start fires throughout
the municipal waste management system, from transportation and transfer facilities to materials recycling
facilities, scrap yards, and landfills, causing air pollution issues and threatening the safety of workers and
first responders. Establishing a common set of best practices will therefore make recycling batteries easier
while keeping workers, nearby communities, and waste management and recycling facilities safe. The
BIL provided $6 billion in total funding, mostly to the Department of Energy, to support domestic battery
production, collection, and recycling, and calls on EPA and DOE to play complementary roles. Specifically,
the BIL provided EPA with $10 million to develop and promote safe, economical best practices for
collecting batteries to increase recycling and $15 million for EPA to develop a voluntary labelling program
for batteries and outreach materials for industry and the public
Expected Results Year 3: EPA anticipates announcing selections for the Recycling Education and
Outreach (REO) Grant Program and the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR) grants for Tribes
and intertribal consortia in November 2023. EPA will begin providing technical assistance to grantees
to implement their grants in Year 3. The program will also prepare to announce and release additional
funding opportunities.
For batteries, EPA will build on existing efforts to safely manage batteries at their end of life, as well as
collaborate with DOE on these issues as the Agency continues to implement the new work directed by the
BIL. EPA plans to release reports on battery collection best practices, as well as battery labeling guidelines.
EPA will also continue efforts to develop the battery labeling guidelines and establish best practices in
consultation with states, Tribes, local governments and other interested parties. As such, EPA will work on
a series of engagement activities in Year 3 that will inform the development of the labeling guidelines and
best practices for collection.
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Pollution Prevention
The expanded Pollution Prevention (P2) Grant Program
under the BIL is advancing EPA priorities on mitigating
climate change and targeting communities with
environmental justice concerns. P2 projects help reduce
or eliminate pollutants from entering waste streams or
being released into the environment prior to recycling,
treatment, or disposal. Less pollution means fewer hazards
posed to public health and the environment. It is often
cheaper for businesses to prevent pollution from being
created, than to clean it up afterwards or pay for control,
treatment, or disposal of commercial or hazardous waste.
P2 also promotes the reduction of water, energy, and other
raw materials use, which also translates into savings for
businesses and release of less greenhouse gas emissions.
The BIL provides $100 million ($20 million per year through
2026) to expand the current P2 Grant Program, which
triples the annual funding available to states, Tribes, and
other eligible entities to promote the use of source reduction techniques by businesses. Over the first two
years of the BIL, P2 grant program has awarded $18 million to 32 states and other eligible entities.
In October 2023, EPA announced the selection of 24 recipients across the country who will collectively
receive nearly $16 million in P2 grants that support two grant programs for states and state-sponsored
colleges that will provide businesses with technical assistance to develop and adopt practices that prevent
pollution at the source in local communities.The Environmental Justice in Communities grant program is
designed to provide pollution prevention technical assistance to businesses to improve human health
and the environment in disadvantaged communities. The Environmental Justice Through Safer and More
Sustainable Products grant program is designed to assist businesses to increase the supply, demand, and
use of safer and more sustainable products, such as those certified by EPA's Safer Choice program, or that
conform to EPA's Recommendations for Specifications, Standards, and Ecoiabels for Federal Purchasing.
Individual grant awards range from $100,000 to $800,000 for state and city-level projects, or up to $1.2
million for multi-state projects over the funding period.
The grant selections for these two programs cover a diverse set of projects that will tackle pollution
prevention at the community level. For example, two proposed projects involve working with food service
providers in disadvantaged communities in Chicago and central Illinois, including restaurants, churches
and soup kitchens, to increase the use of safer, more sustainable, and PFAS-free foodware. Projects in
California and Minnesota will assist immigrant-owned businesses in using safer products, including
EPA Safer Choice-certified products. Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center,
a historically black university, will provide technical assistance to manufacturers in Baton Rouge and
New Orleans including on-site water quality assessments and workshops, offering practical solutions to
reducing hazardous substances released to local aquifers.
Expected Results Year 3: EPA anticipates investing an additional $13 million of the Bill funds for pollution
prevention grants with a focus on National Emphasis Areas and expects to continue to increase the diversity
of the applicants that support technical assistance to businesses. EPA also plans to continue supporting
applicants and grantees through stakeholder outreach.
| The Waste Management Hierarchy
Pollution Prevention
(Source Reduction)
r
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Appendix
EPA BIL Programs by National Program & Funding Category Data as of November 9,2023
BIL Funding Allocations: The following table includes EPA's Bipartisan Infrastructure Law funding allocations over
the past two years. For more information, visit our BIL website, epa.gov/infrastructure.
The BIL Line Item
Total BIL
Appropriation
Amount01
FY 2022 & 2023 BIL
Appropriations(2)
Obligations
(Funds Awarded)
as of November 9,
2023
Office of Water (OW)
$50,193,089,000
$18,874,129,000
$12,651,504,025
OW State Revolving Funds
$43,244,009,000
$16,064,647,000
$11,292,502,606
Clean Water State Revolving
Loan Funds
$11,672,004,500
$4,089,635,578
$3,359,911,429
Drinking Water State
Revolving Loan Funds
$11,672,004,500
$4,089,636,423
$3,018,893,828
Drinking Water State
Revolving Loan Funds - Lead
Service Line Replacement
$14,925,000,000
$5,970,000,000
$3,573,691,838
Clean Water State Revolving
Loan Funds - Emerging
Contaminants
$995,000,000
$279,315,000
$174,017,418
Drinking Water State
Revolving Loan Funds -
Emerging Contaminants
$3,980,000,000
$1,636,060,000
$1,165,988,093
OW Contaminant & UIC
Grants
$5,024,750,000
$2,039,750,000
$883,982,824
Addressing Emerging
Contaminant Grants
$4,975,000,000
$1,990,000,000
$883,252,447
UIC Grants
$49,750,000
$49,750,000
$730,377
Geographic and Related
Water Programs
$1,924,330,000
$769,732,000
$475,018,595
Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative
$995,000,000
$398,000,000
$193,184,685
Chesapeake Bay
$236,810,000
$94,724,000
$65,205,724
San Francisco Bay
$23,880,000
$9,552,000
$5,676,426
Puget Sound
$88,555,000
$35,422,000
$31,802,460
Long Island Sound
$105,470,000
$42,188,000
$41,376,663
Gulf of Mexico
$52,735,000
$21,094,000
$133,379
South Florida
$15,920,000
$6,368,000
$3,301,098
Lake Champlain
$39,800,000
$15,920,000
$15,376,846
Lake Pontchartrain
$52,735,000
$21,094,000
$10,607,202
Southern New England
Estuaries
$14,925,000
$5,970,000
$5,156,145
Columbia River Basin
$78,605,000
$31,442,000
$27,351,535
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The BIL Line Item
Total BIL
Appropriation
Amount01
FY 2022 & 2023 BIL
Appropriations(2)
Obligations
(Funds Awarded)
as of November 9,
2023
Pacific Northwest
$3,980,000
$1,592,000
$1,457,260
National Estuary Program
Grants
$131,340,000
$52,536,000
$48,630,970
Gulf Hypoxia Action Plan
$59,700,000
$23,880,000
$21,928,808
Drinking Water Programs -
Class VI Wells
$24,875,000
$9,950,000
$3,829,394
Office of Land and
Emergency Management
(OLEM)
$5,348,125,000
$4,243,675,000
$2,675,230,197
Superfund
$3,482,500,000
$3,482,500,000
$2,114,731,193
Superfund Remedial
$3,482,500,000
$3,482,500,000
$2,114,731,193
Brownfields
$1,492,500,000
$597,000,000
$525,109,388
Brownfields Projects
$1,194,000,000
$477,600,000
$410,143,700
Brownfields Categorical
Grants
$298,500,000
$119,400,000
$114,965,688
Recycling and RCRA Grants
$373,125,000
$164,175,000
$35,389,616
Battery Recycling Best
Practices
$9,950,000
$9,950,000
$359,714
Voluntary Battery Labeling
Guidelines
$14,925,000
$14,925,000
$1,966,575
Solid Waste Infrastructure
Financing - Save Our Seas Act
Grants
$273,625,000
$109,450,000
$32,374,113
Recycling Grants
$74,625,000
$29,850,000
$689,214
Office of Air and Radiation
(OAR)
$4,975,000,000
$1,990,000,000
$888,722,775
Clean School Bus Program
$4,975,000,000
$1,990,000,000
$888,722,775
Office of Chemical Safety
and Pollution Prevention
(OCSPP)
$99,500,000
$39,800,000
$17,548,473
Pollution Prevention Grants
$99,500,000
$39,800,000
$17,548,473
Inspector General
$269,286,000
$113,996,000
$23,067,891
Inspector General
$269,286,000
$113,996,000
$23,067,891
Grand Total
$60,885,000,000
$25,261,600,000
$16,256,073,361
(1) Total Appropriated = Amount appropriated less Inspector General funds transferred by the BIL statute to the Inspector General. The
total IG funds are shown as a separate line item.
(2) FY 2022 and FY 2023 Appropriated = Total appropriated to EPA in FYs 2022 and 2023. The remaining funds are being made available
in FYs 2024, 2025 and 2026.
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epa.gov/infrastructure
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