Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Last Modified: 15 September 2021 Red text indicates an update from the 2020 version of this document. Typically, greenhouse gas emissions are reported in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e). Gases are converted to C02e by multiplying by their global warming potential (GWP). The emission factors listed in this document have not been converted to CO 2 e. To do so, multiply the emissions by the corresponding GWP listed in the table below. 100-Year GWP | Table 1 | Stationary Combustion | Fuel Type CH4 Factor N20 Factor mmBtu per short ton kg C02 per mmBtu g CH4 per mmBtu g NfeO per mmBtu kg C02 per short ton g CH4 per short ton g N20 per short Coal and Coke Anthracite Coal 25.09 103.69 11 1.6 2,602 276 40 Bituminous Coal 24.93 93.28 11 1.6 2,325 274 40 Sub-bituminous Coal 17.25 97.17 11 1.6 1,676 190 28 Lignite Coal 14.21 97.72 11 1.6 1,389 156 23 Mixed (Commercial Sector) 21.39 94.27 11 1.6 2,016 235 34 Mixed (Electric Power Sector) 19.73 95.52 11 1.6 1,885 217 32 Mixed (Industrial Cokinq) 26.28 93.90 11 1.6 2,468 289 42 Mixed (Industrial Sector) 22.35 94.67 11 1.6 2,116 246 36 Coal Coke 24.80 113.67 11 1.6 2,819 273 40 Other Fuels -Solid Municipal Solid Waste 9.95 90.70 32 4.2 902 318 42 Petroleum Coke (Solid) 30.00 102.41 32 4.2 3,072 960 126 Plastics 38.00 75.00 32 4.2 2,850 1,216 160 Tires 28.00 85.97 32 4.2 2,407 896 118 Biomass Fuels - Solid Agricultural Byproducts 8.25 118.17 32 4.2 975 264 35 Peat 8.00 111.84 32 4.2 895 256 34 Solid Byproducts 10.39 105.51 32 4.2 1,096 332 44 Wood and Wood Residuals 17.48 93.80 7.2 3.6 1,640 126 63 mmBtu per scf kg C02 per mmBtu g CH, per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg C02 per scf g CH4 per scf g N20 per scf Natural Gas Natural Gas 0.001026 I 53.06 I 1.0 I 0.10 | 0.05444 I 0.00103 1 0.00010 Other Fuels - Gaseous Blast Furnace Gas 0.000092 274.32 0.022 0.10 0.02524 0.000002 0.000009 Coke Oven Gas 0.000599 46.85 0.48 0.10 0.02806 0.000288 0.000060 Fuel Gas 0.001388 59.00 3.0 0.60 0.08189 0.004164 0.000833 Propane Gas 0.002516 61.46 3.0 0.60 0.15463 0.007548 0.001510 Biomass Fuels - Gaseous Landfill Gas 0.000485 52.07 3.2 0.63 0.025254 0.001552 0.000306 Other Biomass Gases 0.000655 52.07 3.2 0.63 0.034106 0.002096 0.000413 mmBtu per gallon kg C02 per mmBtu g CH, per mmBtu g N2O per mmBtu kg C02 per gallon g CH4 per gallon gN20 per gallon Petroleum Products Asphalt and Road Oil 0.158 75.36 3.0 0.60 11.91 0.47 0.09 Aviation Gasoline 0.120 69.25 3.0 0.60 8.31 0.36 0.07 Butane 0.103 64.77 3.0 0.60 6.67 0.31 0.06 Butylene 0.105 68.72 3.0 0.60 7.22 0.32 0.06 Crude Oil 0.138 74.54 3.0 0.60 10.29 0.41 0.08 Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1 0.139 73.25 3.0 0.60 10.18 0.42 0.08 Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2 0.138 73.96 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.41 0.08 Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4 0.146 75.04 3.0 0.60 10.96 0.44 0.09 Ethane 0.068 59.60 3.0 0.60 4.05 0.20 0.04 Ethylene 0.058 65.96 3.0 0.60 3.83 0.17 0.03 Heavy Gas Oils 0.148 74.92 3.0 0.60 11.09 0.44 0.09 Isobutane 0.099 64.94 3.0 0.60 6.43 0.30 0.06 Isobutylene 0.103 68.86 3.0 0.60 7.09 0.31 0.06 Kerosene 0.135 75.20 3.0 0.60 10.15 0.41 0.08 Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 0.135 72.22 3.0 0.60 9.75 0.41 0.08 Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) 0.092 61.71 3.0 0.60 5.68 0.28 0.06 Lubricants 0.144 74.27 3.0 0.60 10.69 0.43 0.09 Motor Gasoline 0.125 70.22 3.0 0.60 8.78 0.38 0.08 Naphtha (<401 deg F) 0.125 68.02 3.0 0.60 8.50 0.38 0.08 Natural Gasoline 0.110 66.88 3.0 0.60 7.36 0.33 0.07 Other Oil (>401 deg F) 0.139 76.22 3.0 0.60 10.59 0.42 0.08 Pentanes Plus 0.110 70.02 3.0 0.60 7.70 0.33 0.07 Petrochemical Feedstocks 0.125 71.02 3.0 0.60 8.88 0.38 0.08 Propane 0.091 62.87 3.0 0.60 5.72 0.27 0.05 Propylene 0.091 67.77 3.0 0.60 6.17 0.27 0.05 Residual Fuel Oil No. 5 0.140 72.93 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.42 0.08 Residual Fuel Oil No. 6 0.150 75.10 3.0 0.60 11.27 0.45 0.09 Special Naphtha 0.125 72.34 3.0 0.60 9.04 0.38 0.08 Unfinished Oils 0.139 74.54 3.0 0.60 10.36 0.42 0.08 Used Oil 0.138 74.00 3.0 0.60 10.21 0.41 0.08 Biomass Fuels -Liquid Biodiesel (100%) 0.128 73.84 1.1 0.11 9.45 0.14 0.01 Ethanol (100%) 0.084 68.44 1.1 0.11 5.75 0.09 0.01 Rendered Animal Fat 0.125 71.06 1.1 0.11 8.88 0.14 0.01 Veqetable Oil 0.120 81.55 1.1 0.11 9.79 0.13 0.01 Biomass Fuels - Kraft Pulpinq Liquor, bvWood Furnish North American Softwood 94.4 1.9 0.42 North American Hardwood 93.7 1.9 0.42 Baqasse 95.5 1.9 0.42 Bamboo 93.7 1.9 0.42 Straw 95.1 1.9 0.42 Federal Register EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; e-CFR, (see link below). Table C-1, Table &2 (as amended at 81 FR 89252, Dec. 9, 2016), Table AA-1 (78 FR 71965, Nov. 29, 2013). https://wvwv ecf r aw/cai-bi n/text-i dx?SI D=ae265d7d6f 98ec86f cd8640b9793a3f 6&mc=tru e&n ode= Dt40.23.98&ran=div5#ap40.23.98 19.1 Note: Emission factors are per unit of heat content using higher heating values (HHV). If heat content is available from the fuel supplier, it is preferable to use that value. If not, default heat contents are provided. ------- Red text indicates an update from the 2020 version of this document. Table 2 | Mobile Combustion CpJ Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Last Modified: 15 September 2021 Fuel Type kg C02 per unit Unit Aviation Gasoline 8.31 qallon Biodiesel (100%) 9.45 qallon Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 0.05444 scf Diesel Fuel 10.21 gallon Ethanol (100%) 5.75 qallon Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 9.75 gallon Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 4.50 qallon Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) 5.68 gallon Motor Gasoline 8.78 qallon Residual Fuel Oil 11.27 gallon Source: Federal Register EPA; 40 CFR Part 98; e-CFR, (see link below). Table &1 (as amended at 81 FR 89252, Dec. 9, 2016). https://www ecf r aw/cai-bi n/text-i dx?SI D=ae265d7d6f 98ec86f cd8640b9793a3f 6&mc=tru e&n ode= Dt40.23.98&ran=div5#ap40.23.98 19.1 LNG: The factor was developed based on the C02 factor for Natural Gas factor and LNG fuel density from GREET 1_2020.xlsx Model, Argonne National Laboratory. | Table 3 | Mobile Combustion CH4 and N20 for On-Road Gasoline Vehicles Vehicle Type Year CH4 Factor (g / mile) N20 Factor (g / mile) Gasoline Passenger Cars 1 973-74 0.1696 0.0197 1975 0.1423 0.0443 1 976-77 0.1406 0.0458 1978-79 0.1389 0.0473 1980 0.1326 0.0499 1981 0.0802 0.0626 1982 0.0795 0.0627 1983 0.0782 0.0630 1984-93 0.0704 0.0647 1994 0.0617 0.0603 1995 0.0531 0.0560 1996 0.0434 0.0503 1997 0.0337 0.0446 1998 0.0240 0.0389 1999 0.0215 0.0355 2000 0.0175 0.0304 2001 0.0105 0.0212 2002 0.0102 0.0207 2003 0.0095 0.0181 2004 0.0078 0.0085 2005 0.0075 0.0067 2006 0.0076 0.0075 2007 0.0072 0.0052 2008 0.0072 0.0049 2009 0.0071 0.0046 2010 0.0071 0.0046 2011 0.0071 0.0046 2012 0.0071 0.0046 2013 0.0071 0.0046 2014 0.0071 0.0046 2015 0.0068 0.0042 2016 0.0065 0.0038 2017 0.0054 0.0018 2018 0.0052 0.0016 Gasoline Light-Duty Trucks 1 973-74 0.1908 0.0218 (Vans, Pickup Trucks, SUVs) 1975 0.1634 0.0513 1976 0.1594 0.0555 1 977-78 0.1614 0.0534 1979-80 0.1594 0.0555 1981 0.1479 0.0660 1982 0.1442 0.0681 1983 0.1368 0.0722 1984 0.1294 0.0764 1985 0.1220 0.0806 1986 0.1146 0.0848 1987-93 0.0813 0.1035 1994 0.0646 0.0982 1995 0.0517 0.0908 1996 0.0452 0.0871 1997 0.0452 0.0871 1998 0.0412 0.0787 1999 0.0333 0.0618 2000 0.0340 0.0631 2001 0.0221 0.0379 2002 0.0242 0.0424 2003 0.0221 0.0373 2004 0.0115 0.0088 2005 0.0105 0.0064 2006 0.0108 0.0080 2007 0.0103 0.0061 2008 0.0095 0.0036 2009 0.0095 0.0036 2010 0.0095 0.0035 2011 0.0096 0.0034 2012 0.0096 0.0033 2013 0.0095 0.0035 2014 0.0095 0.0033 2015 0.0094 0.0031 2016 0.0091 0.0029 2017 0.0084 0.0018 2018 0.0081 0.0015 Gasoline Heavy-Duty Vehicles <1981 0.4604 0.0497 1982-84 0.4492 0.0538 1985-86 0.4090 0.0515 1987 0.3675 0.0849 1988-1989 0.3492 0.0933 1990-1995 0.3246 0.1142 1996 0.1278 0.1680 1997 0.0924 0.1726 1998 0.0655 0.1750 1999 0.0648 0.1724 2000 0.0630 0.1660 2001 0.0577 0.1468 2002 0.0634 0.1673 2003 0.0602 0.1553 2004 0.0298 0.0164 2005 0.0297 0.0083 2006 0.0299 0.0241 2007 0.0322 0.0015 2008 0.0340 0.0015 2009 0.0339 0.0015 2010 0.0320 0.0015 2011 0.0304 0.0015 2012 0.0313 0.0015 2013 0.0313 0.0015 2014 0.0315 0.0015 2015 0.0332 0.0021 2016 0.0321 0.0061 2017 0.0329 0.0084 2018 0.0326 0.0082 Gasoline Motorcycles 1960-1995 0.0899 0.0087 1996-2018 0.0672 0.0069 Source: EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. All values are calculated from Tables A-106 through A-110. Page 2 of 7 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2020 version of this document. Last Modified: 15 September 2021 Table 4 Mobile Combustion CH4 and N20 for On-Road Diesel and Alternative Fuel Vehicles Vehicle Type Fuel Type Vehicle Year CH4 Factor (g / mile) N20 Factor (g / mile) Passenger Cars Diesel 1960-1982 0.0006 0.0012 1983-1995 0.0005 0.0010 1996-2006 0.0005 0.0010 2007-2018 0.0302 0.0192 Light-Duty Trucks Diesel 1960-1982 0.0011 0.0017 1983-1995 0.0009 0.0014 1996-2006 0.0010 0.0015 2007-2018 0.0290 0.0214 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Diesel 1960-2006 0.0051 0.0048 2007-2018 0.0095 0.0431 Light-Duty Cars Methanol 0.0080 0.0060 Ethan ol 0.0080 0.0060 CNG 0.0820 0.0060 LPG 0.0080 0.0060 Biodiesel 0.0300 0.0190 Light-Duty Trucks Ethan ol 0.0120 0.0110 CNG 0.1230 0.0110 LPG 0.0120 0.0130 LNG 0.1230 0.0110 Biodiesel 0.0290 0.0210 M edium-DutyTrucks CNG 4.2000 0.0010 LPG 0.0140 0.0340 LNG 4.2000 0.0430 Biodiesel 0.0090 0.0010 Heavy-Duty Trucks Methanol 0.0750 0.0280 Ethanol 0.0750 0.0280 CNG 3.7000 0.0010 LPG 0.0130 0.0260 LNG 3.7000 0.0010 Biodiesel 0.0090 0.0430 Buses Methanol 0.0220 0.0320 Ethanol 0.0220 0.0320 CNG 10.0000 0.0010 LPG 0.0340 0.0170 LNG 10.0000 0.0010 Biodiesel 0.0090 0.0430 Source: EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. All values are calculated from Tables A-109 through A-112. | Table 5 | Mobile Combustion CH4 and N2Q for Non-Road Vehicles Vehicle Type Fuel Type CH4 Factor (g 1 gallon) N20 Factor (g 1 gallon) Ships and Boats Residual Fuel Oil 0.55 0.55 Gasoline (2 stroke) 9.54 0.06 Gasoline (4 stroke) 4.88 0.23 Diesel 0.31 0.50 Locomotives Diesel 0.80 0.26 Aircraft Jet Fuel 0 0.30 Aviation Gasoline 7.06 0.11 Agricultural Equipment Gasoline (2 stroke) 12.96 0.06 Gasoline (4 stroke) 7.24 0.21 Diesel 0.28 0.49 LPG 2.19 0.39 Agricultural Offroad Trucks Gasoline 7.24 0.21 Diesel 0.13 0.49 Construdion/Mining Equipment8 Gasoline (2 stroke) 12.42 0.07 Gasoline (4 stroke) 5.58 0.20 Diesel 0.20 0.47 LPG 1.05 0.41 Construdion/Mining Offroad Trucks Gasoline 5.58 0.20 Diesel 0.13 0.49 Lawn and Garden Equipment Gasoline (2 stroke) 15.57 0.06 Gasoline (4 stroke) 5.84 0.18 Diesel 0.33 0.47 LPG 0.35 0.41 Airport Equipment Gasoline 2.58 0.25 Diesel 0.17 0.49 LPG 0.33 0.41 Industrial/Commercial Equipment Gasoline (2 stroke) 15.14 0.06 Gasoline (4 stroke) 5.48 0.20 Diesel 0.23 0.47 LPG 0.44 0.41 Logging Equipment Gasoline (2 stroke) 12.03 0.08 Gasoline (4 stroke) 6.71 0.18 Diesel 0.10 0.49 Railroad Equipment Gasoline 5.78 0.19 Diesel 0.44 0.42 LPG 1.20 0.41 Recreational Equipment Gasoline (2 stroke) 7.81 0.03 Gasoline (4 stroke) 8.45 0.19 Diesel 0.41 0.41 LPG 2.98 0.38 Source: EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. All values are calculated from Tables A-113 through A-114. Notes: A Includes equipment, such as tractors and combines, as well as fuel consumption from trucks that are used off-road in agriculture. B Includes equipment, such as cranes, dumpers, and excavators, as well as fuel consumption from trucks that are used off-road in construction. Page 3 of 7 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2020 version of this document. Last Modified: 15 September 2021 | Table 6 | Electricity Total Output Emission Factors Non-Baseload Emission Factors eGRID Subregion C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb/MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) (lb / MWh) AKGDtASCC Alaska Grid) 1,114.4 0.098 0.013 1,333.0 0.123 0.017 AKMS (ASCC Miscellaneous) 549.3 0.026 0.004 1,520.2 0.067 0.012 AZNM (WECC Southwest) 952.3 0.068 0.010 1,445.3 0.100 0.014 CAMX (WECC California) 453.2 0.033 0.004 964.0 0.058 0.007 ERCT (ERCOT All) 868.6 0.057 0.008 1,277.2 0.083 0.012 FRCC (FRCC All) 861.0 0.055 0.007 1,029.5 0.054 0.007 H11S (H ICC Miscellaneous) 1,185.6 0.143 0.022 1,549.5 0.107 0.018 HIOA (H ICC Oahu) 1,694.5 0.185 0.028 1,704.1 0.158 0.025 MROE (MRO East) 1,502.6 0.147 0.022 1,577.7 0.145 0.021 MROW (MRO West) 1,098.4 0.119 0.017 1,806.8 0.188 0.027 NEWE (NPCC New Enqland) 488.9 0.077 0.010 839.9 0.089 0.012 NWPP (WECC Northwest) 715.2 0.068 0.010 1,617.5 0.156 0.022 NYCW (NPCC NYCAA/estchester) 553.8 0.021 0.002 1,016.2 0.022 0.002 N YL1 (NPCC Long Island) 1,209.0 0.157 0.020 1,300.6 0.044 0.005 NYUP (NPCC Upstate NY) 232.3 0.017 0.002 890.2 0.047 0.006 PRMS (Puerto Rico Miscellaneous) 1,537.3 0.084 0.013 1,587.9 0.055 0.010 RFCE (RFC East) 695.0 0.053 0.007 1,237.9 0.089 0.012 RFCM (RFC Michigan) 1,189.3 0.114 0.016 1,766.9 0.177 0.025 RFCW (RFC West) 1,067.7 0.099 0.014 1,831.6 0.178 0.026 RMPA (WECC Rockies) 1,242.6 0.117 0.017 1,578.8 0.126 0.018 SPNO (SPP North) 1,070.0 0.112 0.016 1,958.6 0.200 0.029 SPSO (SPP South) 1,002.0 0.070 0.010 1,543.7 0.108 0.015 SRI IV (SERC Mississippi Valley) 806.8 0.043 0.006 1,200.1 0.068 0.010 SRMW (SERC Midwest) 1,584.4 0.169 0.025 1,960.9 0.216 0.031 SRSO (SERC South) 969.2 0.071 0.010 1,389.5 0.101 0.015 SRTV (SERC Tennessee Valley) 949.7 0.087 0.013 1,565.2 0.139 0.020 SRVC (SERC V irq in ia C a ro 1 in a) 675.4 0.058 0.008 1,349.2 0.118 0.017 US Average 884.2 0.075 0.011 1,420.2 0.114 0.016 Source: EPA eGRID2019, February 2021 Note: Total output emission factors can be used as default factors for estimating GHG emissions from electricity use when developing a carbon footprint or emissions inventory. Annual non-baseload output emission factors should not be used for those purposes, but can be used to estimate GHG emissions reductions from reductions in electricity use. | Table 7 |Steam and Heat C02 Factor (Kg 1 mmBtu) CH4 Factor (g / mmBtu) N20 Factor (q / mmBtu) Steam and Heat 66.33 1.250 0.125 Note: Emission factors are per mmBtu of steam or heat purchased. These factors assume natural gas fuel is used to generate steam or heat at 80 percent thermal efficiency. ------- Red text indicates an update from the 2020 version of this document. Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Last Modified: 15 September 2021 | Scope 3 Emission Factors Scope 3 emission factors provided below are aligned with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions, version 1.0 (Scope 3 Calculation Guidance). Where applicable, the specific calculation method is referenced. Refer to the Scope 3 Calculation Guidance for more information (http://iAiiANAi.ghgprotocol.org/scope-3-technical-calculation-guidance). | Table 8 | Scope 3 Category 4: Upstream Transportation and Distribution and Category 9: Downstream Transportation and Distribution These factors are intended for use in the distance-based method defined in the Scope 3 Calculation Guidance. If fuel data are available, then the fuel-based method should be used, with factors from Tables 2 through 5. Vehicle Type C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor Units (kg / unit) (g / unit) (g 1 unit) Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck 1.407 0.013 0.033 vehicle-mile Passenger CarA 0.341 0.009 0.008 vehicle-mile Light-Duty Truck u 0.464 0.012 0.010 vehicle-mile Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck 0.211 0.0020 0.0049 ton-mile Rail 0.022 0.0017 0.0005 ton-mile Waterborne Craft 0.036 0.0116 0.0016 ton-mile Aircraft1' 1.160 0.0000 0.0357 ton-mile Source: C02l CH4, and N20 emissions data for road vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for road vehicles are from Table VM-1 of the Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2018. C02e emissions data for non-road vehicles are based on Table A-124 of the EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018, which are distributed into CO2, CH4, and N20 emissions based on fuel/vehicle emission factors. Freight ton-mile data are from Table 1-50 of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics for 2020 (Data based on 2018). Notes: Vehicle-mile factors are appropriate to use when the entire vehicle is dedicated to transporting the reporting company's product. Ton-mile factors are appropriate when the vehicle is shared with products from other companies. A Passenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheel base less than 121 inches). B Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches). c Aircraft: updates due to a methodology change. Page 5 of 7 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2020 version of this document. Modified: 15 September 2021 | Table 9 |Scope 3 Category 5: Waste Generated in Operations and Category 12: End-of-Life Treatment of Sold Products | These factors are intended for use in the waste-type-specific method or the average-data method defined in the Scope 3 Calculation Guidance for category 5 and category 12. Choose the appropriate material and disposal method from the table below. For the average-data method, use one of the mixed material types, such as mixed MSW. Metric Tons C02e 1 Short Ton Material Material RecycledA Landfilled0 Combustedc Composted0 Anaerobically Digested (Dry Digestate with Curing) Anaerobically Digested (Wet Digestate with Curing) Aluminum Cans 0.06 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA Aluminum Ingot 0.04 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA Steel Cans 0.32 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA Copper Wire 0.18 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA Glass 0.05 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA HDPE 0.21 0.02 2.80 NA NA NA LDPE NA 0.02 2.80 NA NA NA PET 0.23 0.02 2.05 NA NA NA LLDPE NA 0.02 2.80 NA NA NA PP NA 0.02 2.80 NA NA NA PS NA 0.02 3.02 NA NA NA PVC NA 0.02 1.26 NA NA NA PLA NA 0.02 0.01 0.17 NA NA Corrugated Containers 0.11 0.90 0.05 NA NA NA M aq az in es/Third-clas s mail 0.02 0.42 0.05 NA NA NA Newspaper 0.02 0.35 0.05 NA NA NA Office Paper 0.02 1.25 0.05 NA NA NA Phonebooks 0.04 0.35 0.05 NA NA NA Textbooks 0.04 1.25 0.05 NA NA NA Dimensional Lumber 0.09 0.17 0.05 NA NA NA Ivl edium-densityFiberboard 0.15 0.07 0.05 NA NA NA Food Waste (n on -meat) NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Food Waste (meat only) NA 0.58 0.05 NA 0.14 0.11 Beef NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Poultry NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Grains NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Bread NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Fruits and Veqetables NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Dairy Products NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 0.14 0.11 Yard Trimminqs NA 0.33 0.05 0.19 0.11 NA Grass NA 0.26 0.05 0.19 0.09 NA Leaves NA 0.26 0.05 0.19 0.13 NA Branches NA 0.53 0.05 0.19 0.16 NA Mixed Paper (qeneral) 0.07 0.80 0.05 NA NA NA Mixed Paper (primarily residential) 0.07 0.77 0.05 NA NA NA Mixed Paper (primarily from offices) 0.03 0.75 0.05 NA NA NA Mixed Metals 0.23 0.02 0.01 NA NA NA Mixed Plastics 0.22 0.02 2.34 NA NA NA Mixed Recyclables 0.09 0.68 0.11 NA NA NA Food Waste NA 0.58 0.05 0.15 NA NA Mixed Orqanics NA 0.48 0.05 0.17 NA NA Mixed MSW NA 0.52 0.43 NA NA NA Carpet NA 0.02 1.68 NA NA NA Desktop CPUs NA 0.02 0.40 NA NA NA Portable Electronic Devices NA 0.02 0.89 NA NA NA Flat-panel Displays NA 0.02 0.74 NA NA NA CRT Displays NA 0.02 0.64 NA NA NA Electronic Peripherals NA 0.02 2.23 NA NA NA Hard-copy Devices NA 0.02 1.92 NA NA NA Mixed Electronics NA 0.02 0.87 NA NA NA Clay Bricks NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA Concrete 0.01 0.02 NA NA NA NA Fly Ash 0.01 0.02 NA NA NA NA Tires 0.10 0.02 2.21 NA NA NA Asphalt Concrete 0.02 NA NA NA NA Asphalt Shinqles 0.03 0.02 0.70 NA NA NA Dryi jail NA 0.02 NA NA NA NA Fiberqlass Insulation 0.05 0.02 NA NA NA NA Vinyl Floorinq NA 0.02 0.29 NA NA NA Wood Flooring NA 0.18 0.08 NA NA NA Source: EPA, Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery (February 2016) Documentation for Greenhouse Gas Emission and Energy Factors used in the Waste Reduction Model (WARM). Factors from tables provided in the Management Practices Chapters and Background Chapters. WARM Version 15, November 2020 Update. Additional data provided by EPA, WARM-15 Background Data. Notes: These factors do not include any avoided emissions impact from any of the disposal methods. All the factors presented here include transportation emissions, which are optional in the Scope 3 Calculation Guidance, with an assumed average distance traveled to the processing facility. AR4 GWPs are used to convert all waste emission factors into C02e. A Recycling emissions include transport to recycling facility and sorting of recycled materials at material recwery facility. B Landfi I ling emissions include transport to landfill, equipment use at landfill and fugitive landfill CH4 emissions. Landfill CH4is based on typical landfill gas collection practices and average landfill moisture conditions. c Combustion emissions include transport to combustion facility and combustion-related non-biogenic C02 and N20 D Composting emissions include transport to composting facility, equipment use at composting facility and CH4 and N20 emissions during composting. | Table 10 |Scope 3 Category 6: Business Travel and Category 7: Employee Commuting These factors are intended for use in the distance-based method defined in the Scope 3 Calculation Guidance. If fuel data are available, then the fuel-based method should be used, with factors from Tables 2 through 5. Vehicle Type C02 Factor CH4 Factor N20 Factor Units (kg / unit) (g / unit) (g / unit) Passenger Car" 0.341 0.009 0.008 vehicle-mile Liqht-Duty Truck B 0.464 0.012 0.010 vehicle-mile Motorcycle 0.189 0.070 0.007 vehicle-mile Intercity Rail - Northeast Corridor0 0.058 0.0055 0.0007 passenqer-mile Intercity Rail - Other Routes 0.150 0.0117 0.0038 passenqer-mile Intercity Rail - National Averaqe 0.113 0.0092 0.0026 passenqer-mile Commuter Rail0 0.143 0.0119 0.0029 passenqer-mile Transit Rail (i.e. Subway, Tram)E 0.106 0.0095 0.0013 passenqer-mile Bus 0.054 0.0206 0.0009 passenqer-mile Air Travel - Short Haul (< 300 miles) 0.206 0.0071 0.0065 passenqer-mile Air Travel- Medium Haul (>=300 miles, < 2300 miles) 0.131 0.0006 0.0042 passenqer-mile Air Travel - Long Haul (>= 2300 miles) 0.161 0.0006 0.0051 passenger-mile Source: C02, CH4, and N20 emissions data for highway vehicles are from Table 2-13 of the EPA (2020) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. Vehicle-miles and passenger-miles data for highway vehicles are from Table VM-1 of the Federal Highway Administration Highway Statistics 2018. Fuel consumption data and passenger-miles data for rail are from Tables A. 14 to A. 16 and C.9 to C.11 of the Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 39. Fuel consumption was converted to emissions by using fuel and electricity emission factors presented in the tables abcve. Intercity Rail factors from personal communication with Amtrak (Laura Fotiou), March 2020. These are based on 2019 values. Air Travel factors from 2020 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Version 1.0 July 2020. Notes: A Passenger car: includes passenger cars, minivans, SUVs, and small pickup trucks (vehicles with wheel base less than 121 inches). B Light-duty truck: includes full-size pickup trucks, full-size vans, and extended-length SUVs (vehicles with wheelbase greater than 121 inches). c Intercity rail: Amtrak long-distance rail between major cities. Northeast Corridor extends from Boston to Washington D.C. Other Routes are all routes outside the Northeast Corridor. D Commuter rail: rail service between a central city and adjacent suburbs (also called regional rail or suburban rail). E Transit rail: rail typically within an urban center, such as subways, elwated railways, metropolitan railways (metro), streetcars, trolley cars, and tramways. Page 6 of 7 ------- Red text indicates an update Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories from the 2020 version of this document. Last Modified: 15 September 2021 I Global Warming Potentials | I Table 11 | Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) I Gas 100-Year GWP C02 1 ch4 25 n2o 298 HFC-23 14,800 HFC-32 675 HFC-41 92 HFC-125 3,500 HFC-134 1,100 HFC-134a 1,430 HFC-143 353 HFC-143a 4,470 HFC-152 53 HFC-152a 124 HFC-161 12 HFC-227ea 3,220 HFC-236cb 1,340 HFC-236ea 1,370 HFC-236fa 9,810 HFC-245ca 693 HFC-245fa 1,030 HFC-365mfc 794 HFC-43-1 Omee 1,640 sf6 22,800 nf3 17,200 cf4 7,390 c2f6 12,200 c3f8 8,830 c-C4F8 10,300 c4f10 8,860 C5F12 9,160 C6Fi4 9,300 C10F18 >7,500 100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. IPCC AR4 was published in 2007 and is among the most current and comprehensive peer-reviewed assessments of climate change. AR4 provides revised GWPs of several GHGs relative to the values provided in previous assessment reports, following advances in scientific knowledge on the radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes of these GHGs and of CO2. Because the GWPs provided in AR4 reflect an improved scientific understanding of the radiative effects of these gases in the atmosphere, the values provided are more appropriate for supporting the cverall goal of organizational GHG reporting than the Second Assessment Report (SAR) GWP values previously used in the Emission Factors Hub. While EPA recognizes that Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) GWPs have been published, in an effort to ensure consistency and comparability of GHG data between EPA's voluntary and non-voluntary GHG reporting programs (e.g. GHG Reporting Program and National Inventory), EPA recommends the use of AR4 GWPs. The United States and other developed countries to the UNFCCC have agreed to submit annual inventories in 2015 and future years to the UNFCCC using GWP values from AR4, which will replace the current use of SAR GWP values. Utilizing AR4 GWPs improves EPA's ability to analyze corporate, national, and sub-national GHG data consistently, enhances communication of GHG information between programs, and gives outside stakeholders a consistent, predictable set of GWPs to avoid confusion and additional burden. I Table 12 100-year GWPs from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. See the source note to Table 11 for further explanation. GWPs of blended refrigerants are based on their HFC and PFC constituents, which are based on data from http://www .epa. gov/ ozon e/sn ap/ref ri gerants/ref bl en d .html. |Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) for Blended Refrigerants | ASHRAE # R-401A 100-vear GWP 16 Blend Composition 53% HCFC-22 , 34% HCFC-124 ,13% HFC-152a R-4 01 B 14 61% HCFC-22 , 28% HCFC-124 ,11% HFC-152a R-401 C 19 33% HCFC-22 , 52% HCFC-124 ,15% HFC-152a R^t02A 2,100 38% HCFC-22 , 6% HFC-125 ,2% propane R-402B 1,330 6% HCFC-22 , 38% HFC-125 ,2% propane R^t03B 3,444 56% HCFC-22 , 39% PFC-218 , 5% propane R-404A 3,922 44% HFC-125 ,4% HFC-134a , 52% HFC 143a R^t06A 0 55% HCFC-22 ,41% HCFC-142b , 4% isobutane R-407A 2,107 20% HFC-32 ,40% HFC-125 ,40% HFC-134a R^t07B 2,804 10% HFC-32 , 70% HFC-125 ,20% HFC-134a R-407C 1,774 23% HFC-32 , 25% HFC-125 ,52% HFC-134a R^t07D 1,627 15% HFC-32 ,15% HFC-125 ,70% HFC-134a R-407E 1,552 25% HFC-32 ,15% HFC-125 ,60% HFC-134a R^tOSA 2,301 47% HCFC-22 , 7% HFC-125 ,46% HFC 143a R-4 09A 0 60% HCFC-22 , 25% HCFC-124 ,15% HCFC-142b R^t 10A 2,088 50% HFC-32 , 50% HFC-125 R-410B 2,229 45% HFC-32 , 55% HFC-125 R-411A 14 87.5% HCFC-22 ,11 HFC-152a ,1.5% propylene R-411 B 4 94% HCFC-22 , 3% HFC-152a , 3% propylene R^t13A 2,053 88% HFC-134a , 9% PFC-218 ,3% isobutane R-414A 0 51% HCFC-22 , 28.5% HCFC-124 ,16.5% HCFC-142b R-414 B 0 5% HCFC-22 , 39% HCFC-124 , 9.5% HCFC-142b R-417A 2,346 46.6% HFC-125 , 5% HFC-134a , 3.4% butane R^t22A 3,143 85.1% HFC-125 ,11.5% HFC-134a , 3.4% isobutane R-422D 2,729 65.1% HFC-125 , 31.5% HFC-134a , 3.4% isobutane R^t23A 2,280 47.5% HFC-227ea , 52.5% HFC-134a , R-4 24 A 2,440 50.5% HFC-125,47% HFC-134a, 2.5% butane/pentane R^t26A 1,508 5.1% HFC-125,93% HFC-134a, 1.9% butane/pentane R-428A 3,607 77.5% HFC-125 , 2% HFC-143a ,1.9% isobutane R^t34A 3,245 63.2% HFC-125,16% HFC-134a, 18% HFC-143a, 2.8% isobutane R-500 32 73.8% CFC-12 , 26.2% HFC-152a , 48.8% HCFC-22 R-502 0 48.3% HCFC-22 , 51.2% CFC-115 R-504 325 48.2% HFC-32 , 51.8% CFC-115 R-507 3,985 5% HFC-125 ,5% HFC 143a R-508A 13,214 39% HFC-23 , 61% PFC-116 R-508B 13,396 46% HFC-23 , 54% PFC-116 Page 7 of 7 ------- |