&EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Share your opinions

EPA invites you to participate in the
cleanup process at the Quincy Smelter
by commenting on the proposed plan
summarized in this fact sheet. Your input
helps EPA determine the best course of
action. Based on public comments, the
Agency could modify the proposed plan or
develop a new one. Opportunities to hear
about the cleanup and make comments are:

Public Comment Period

Jan. 1 - Jan. 31, 2009 (midnight postmark)

Public Meeting

Thursday, Jan. 15, 2009, 7- 9 p.m.
Lakeview Manor - Community Room
1401 W. Quincy St., Hancock

Comments can be submitted in a number

of ways:

•	Orally or in writing at the public
meeting.

•	Via the Internet at www.epa.gov/
region5/publiccomment/.

•	By mail to Patrick Hamblin at the
address below, using the enclosed
comment sheet.

•	By fax to Patrick Hamblin at
312-886-4071, using the enclosed
comment sheet.

Contact EPA

Dave Novak

EPA Community Involvement
Coordinator

800-621-8431, Ext. 67478, 9:30 a.m. -
5:30 p.m., weekdays
novak.dave@epa.gov

For technical questions:

Patrick Hamblin

EPA Remedial Project Manager
800-621-8431, Ext. 66312, 9:30 a.m. -
5:30 p.m., weekdays
hamblin.patrick@epa.gov

EPA Region 5 address:

77 W. Jackson Blvd.

Chicago, IL 60604

EPA Proposes Cleanup Plan
For Quincy Smelter Erosion

Torch Lake/Quincy Smelter Superfund Site

Franklin Township, Michigan	December 2008

In order to eliminate continuous stamp sands erosion from the Quincy Smelter
area into the Keweenaw Portage Canal, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
is proposing to cover the copper mining waste with soil and vegetation. The
erosion area in question is outside the Quincy Smelter fence line and does not
include two large copper slag piles. Officials want to preserve the slag piles as
part of the proposed Quincy Smelter national historical area. The stamp sands,
however, are leaking metal waste into the water and harming aquatic life in the
canal and nearby Lake Superior.

The $477,000 soil and vegetation cover proposed as the cleanup plan - if
approved - will be part of an EPA document called a "record of decision
amendment" or ROD amendment. The Quincy Smelter area is part of the
wide-ranging Torch Lake Superfund site in Houghton County, Mich. RODs
are part of the official Superfund process that EPA must follow when cleaning
up hazardous waste sites.1 This proposed ROD amendment adjusts the original
1992 cleanup plan for the shoreline stamp sands issue at Quincy Smelter. That
plan dealt with stamp sands and tailings affecting Torch Lake, and a separate
1994 cleanup plan covered Torch Lake and underground water supplies
(ground water) at the Superfund site.

Quincy Smelter work

Complex cleanup sites such as Torch Lake are divided into smaller, more
manageable sections called "operable units" or OUs. The Quincy Smelter is
officially part of OU3.

Read the box on the left to find out how you can participate in the Quincy
Smelter stamp sands cleanup decision. A public comment period will run
Jan. 1, 2009 - Jan. 31, 2009 (midnight postmark). A public meeting is
scheduled for Jan. 15, 2009, where you can ask questions and make
comments both orally and in writing.

EPA continues to work with Michigan Department of Environmental Quality,
National Park Service and Franklin Township in discussing what should
happen at the Quincy Smelter site. There is a strong local desire to rehabilitate
and preserve the immediate area for a national park.

In 2004, EPA removed hazardous, chemical-containing drums, tanks, vats and
small containers from the numerous buildings on the smelter site. In addition,
friable asbestos-containing material was found in and around most buildings.
Asbestos can cause cancer, and friable asbestos is the most dangerous kind
because it easily reduces to fibers or fine particles that can become airborne
and be inhaled by people. The Hancock-Ripley recreational trail was closed
for safety reasons while asbestos found there was removed. Perimeter fences
were installed to limit access to the smelter buildings for safety and health

1Section 117(a) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA
known as the Superfund law) requires publication of a notice and a proposed plan for changes to a site
cleanup. The proposed plan must be made available to the public for comment. This fact sheet is a summary
of more technical documents contained in the official record available for viewing at the Portage Lake District
Library in Houghton.


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Figure 1 - Box 7 marks the location of the Oiiincy Smelter on Portage Canal in the wide-ranging Torch Lake site.

Superfund Area
Number

Area Name

Superfund Area
Number

Area Name

1

Calumet Lake

8

isle Royaie Sands

2

Boston Pond

9

Dollar Bay

3

North Entry

10

Mason Sands

4

Redridge

11

Hubbell/Tamarack City

5

Freda

12

Lake Linden Sands

6

Michigan Smelter

13

Point Mills

7

Quincy Smelter





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reasons, and the trail reopened following completion of the
cleanup work.

Cleanup at the Quincy Smelter site last spring and summer
focused on more work removing bulk friable asbestos
within the buildings.

With the proposed ROD amendment, EPA wants to stabilize
8 acres of shoreline next to the smelter. Franklin Township
and National Park Sendee have agreed the stamp sands
surrounding the smelter are vulnerable to erosion and
should be covered with vegetation as was done to other
stamp sands in the area. EPA and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Sendee
amended an interagency agreement so the stamp sands work
can be performed.

Site history

Copper was mined, milled and smelted in the Torch Lake
area for more than 100 years. Milling wastes, mill tailings
(stamp sands) and other mining debris were deposited
into Torch Lake, which also served as the transportation
watenvay. It is estimated about 200 million tons of
tailings were dumped into Torch Lake between 1868
and 1968, filling at least 20 percent of the lake's original
volume. The stamp sands deposited in the lake and on the
shoreline were dredged up during the early 1900s and were
reprocessed with flotation chemicals to reclaim copper. The
stamp sands and much of the flotation chemicals were then
returned to the lake and along the shoreline. Other wastes
were deposited in and along the Torch Lake shoreline
including mine pumping, leaching chemicals, explosive
residues and byproducts.

The U.S.-Canada International Joint Commission Water
Quality Board designated Torch Lake as a Great Lakes
"Area of Concern'" in 1983. An AOC is a severely
degraded geographic area within the Great Lakes Basin.
The site was placed on the National Priorities List in
June 1.986. The NPL is a roster of the nation's most
hazardous waste sites eligible for cleanup under EPA's
Superfund program.

Since 1988 EPA and MDEQ have covered and planted
vegetation on more than 800 acres of copper stamp sands
tailings in and around the Torch Lake area. OU1 includes
stamp sands and slag piles at Lake Linden, Hubbell/
Tamarack City and Mason Sands on the western shore
of Torch Lake. OU3 includes stamp sands and slag piles
at Calumet Lake, North Entry , Dollar Bay, Boston Pond,
Michigan Smelter, Isle Royalc Sands, and Point Mills.
Quincy Smelter, while technically part of OU3, was not
included in the cleanup work done at the other portions of
the site.

In 2007 an emergency or "time critical" removal took
place at the Lake Linden Beach to clean up high levels of
lead found in the sediment exposed during the summer's

low water levels. Time critical projects are done when an
immediate and substantial threat to human health and the
environment is found.

Several of the cleanup areas were restored enough that EPA
"delisted" or removed them from the Superfund National
Priorities List. Reviews are done even five years at the
various locations to determine whether the cleanup work
continues to protect human health and the environment.
The most recent of these reviews indicates that while the
environmental work performed on the areas is controlling
erosion of the stamp sands, additional monitoring must be
done to determine if more cleanup is needed.

Cleanup alternatives

Inspection activities since 2006 have shown a continuing
erosion problem at Quincy Smelter, where the shoreline
stamp sands are seeping into the Portage Canal. The area
in question covers about 8 acres and lies outside a recently
erected fence that marks the boundary of the Quincy
Smelter historical area. The five-year review completed
this March found the stamp sands erosion at the smelter
potentially affects surface water near Torch Lake.

The 1992 cleanup plan envisioned future development at
Quincy Smelter would eliminate environmental concerns
at the site, but the planned development has yet to take
place. Since Quincy Smelter is a historical landmark, any
development, restoration, or environmental cleanup efforts
need to follow the National Historic Restoration Act.

Since 2007 EPA, MDEQ, Sen. Carl Levin's office,
National Park Sendee, Franklin Township as well as
other entities, have discussed ways of addressing the
environmental and physical concerns at Quincy Smelter.
After many discussions and evaluating all site history and
activities, EPA determined the soil and vegetation cleanup
proposal is the best solution for the erosion issues. The
proposal protects human health and the environment and
also considers the long-term stewardship concerns. The
slag piles within the Quincy Smelter boundary will not
be covered as part of this cleanup plan because they are
considered historical features.

The cleanup plan for the fenced area within Quincy
Smelter that contains historical buildings will not be
modified in this latest proposal. The original cleanup plan
for Quincy Smelter called for no major cleanup work
while placing restrictions on residential building and use.
Those restrictions will also be included in the amended
remedy because the area may be developed as part of the
Keweenaw Historic Park.

Normally during the deliberations for Superfund site
cleanups EPA considers several options. In the case of
the Quincy Smelter stamp sands issue, vegetation and
soil covers have proven effective on the other copper
wastes, so only one alternative is being proposed in this

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ROD amendment. The proposed amendment also includes
grading work, restrictive covenants that will protect the
stamp sands cover from being disturbed and new markers
notifying site visitors about restrictions inside the fenced
area. This single proposed cleanup option still must be
evaluated against the nine cleanup criteria set by federal
law (see list of criteria below).

The public comment period and public hearing also give
people the chance to propose a better or more effective
cleanup technique.

Evaluating the cleanup proposal

As mentioned previously, EPA must evaluate proposed
cleanup options against the nine criteria set by the
Superfund law. The cleanup plan contained in the
proposed ROD amendment offers more environmental
protection to the Portage Canal than the original 1992
plan because it will reduce erosion and airborne dust from
stamp sands in the smelter area. While the vegetation
cover does not reduce the hazard of the copper wastes

underneath, it will significantly reduce the likelihood of
exposure to chemicals in the stamp sands from direct
contact or inhalation. Studies show health risks from the
Quincy Smelter slag piles and the stamp sands are low as
long as exposure is limited. Covering the stamp sands and
restricting human access to the slag piles inside the fenced
area should greatly reduce health risks to people from the
chemical waste and also help aquatic life in the Portage
Canal.

The latest cleanup proposal is also easily implemented
because materials and equipment are readily available
locally. The evaluation notes the $477,000 cost to EPA
to perform the cleanup work and maintain the cover is
all extra because the original 1992 plan contained no
provision for the shoreline stamp sands. But EPA believes
stopping the environmental threat to the Portage Canal
and Lake Superior is worth the cost. MDEQ agrees with
the proposed cover plan. Community acceptance of the
plan will be judged after the comment period and public
meeting.

Explanation of evaluation criteria

1.	Overall protection of human health and the environment addresses whether an option protects both human
health and the environment. This standard can be met by reducing or removing pollution or by reducing
exposure to it.

2.	Compliance with applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs) ensures that options
comply with federal, state and local laws.

3.	Long-term effectiveness and permanence evaluates how well an option will work over the long-term,
including how safely remaining contamination can be managed.

4.	Reduction of toxicity, mobility or volume through treatment addresses how well the option reduces the
toxicity, movement and amount of pollution.

5.	Short-term effectiveness compares how quickly an option can help the situation and how much risk will be
present while the option is under construction.

6.	Implementability evaluates how feasible the option is and whether materials and services are available in
the area.

7.	Cost includes not only buildings, equipment, materials and labor but also the cost of maintaining the option for
the life of the cleanup.

8.	State acceptance determines whether the state environmental agency (in this case MDEQ) accepts the option.
MDEQ has already approved the proposed cleanup plan.

9.	Community acceptance judges how well do nearby residents accept the option? EPA evaluates this standard
after a public hearing and comment period.

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Next steps

Before it makes a final decision on controlling the
Quincy Smelter stamp sands erosion, EPA will review
statements received during the comment period and at
the public meeting. Based on new information presented
in the comments, EPA could modify it proposed plan
or develop a different one. The Agency encourages you
to review and comment on the cleanup proposal. More
details are available in the official documents on file at the
information repository in the Portage Lake District Library
in Houghton or EPA's Web site.

EPA will respond to comments in a document called
a "responsiveness summary" attached to the record of
decision amendment. The ROD amendment will describe
the final cleanup plan selected by the Agency. It will be
announced in a local newspaper advertisement and a copy
placed in the document repository and posted on the Web.

For more information

You can read more about the Torch Lake Superfund
site and the Quincy Smelter online at:
epa.gov/region5/sites/torchlake and
www.epaosc.org/quincy_smelter

Official site documents and a more detailed proposed
plan are available for review in the site administrative
record at the Portage Lake District Library, 58 Huron
St., Houghton, Mich.

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EPA Proposes
Amended Cleanup Plan
for

Quincy Smelter Stamp Sands Erosion

Public Hearing: Jan. 15
Comment Period: Jan. 1 - Jan. 31, 2009


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