f£\	CLEANUP - CLEAN AIR

USElj	DIESEL EMISSIONS & GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS

Clean Diesel Technologies & Alternative Fuels at
Brownfields Cleanup & Redevelopment Sites

How can Brownfields

Reduce Diesel Pollution?

RETROFIT engines with emission

control technologies
MAINTAIN in accordance with
engine manual (i.e., change air
filters, check engine timing, fuel
injectors and pumps)

REFUEL with biodiesel, other
alternative fuels, or with cleaner
fuels such as ultra-low-sulfur
diesel (ULSD)

MODIFY OPERATIONS by

reducing operating and idle time
REPLACE existing engines with
new cleaner diesel engines,
hybrid engines, or engines
compatible with alternative fuels

Calculate Emissions Reductions
The Quantifier
http://cfpub.epa.gov/quantifier/

Why Use Clean Diesel Equipment?

•	Exposure to diesel emissions such as particulate matter (PM) can
have serious health effects, e.g. asthma attacks, heart attacks.

•	Diesel exhaust is a "likely human carcinogen."

•	Exposure to diesel emissions is of concern for site workers and
surrounding communities.

•	Diesel engines emit hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (N0X)
which contribute to smog, and carbon monoxide (CO), a poisonous
gas.

What are Some Retrofit Options?

The most common options are Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and

Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs), both of which fit on engines like

Retrofit Device

Reductions

Cost per retrofit

DPF

PM 90%
HC 90%
CO 60-90%

$7,000-$10,000

DOC

PM 20-50%
HC 50%
CO 40%

$500-$2,000

What are Some Alternative Fuel Options?

Alternative Fuel

Reductions

Cost per gallon
vs. diesel

B20 Biodiesel*

PM 10%
CO 11%
HC 20%
C02 15%

200 less -
400 more

Emulsified Fuel

PM 16-58%
NOx 9-20%
CO 13%

~ 200 more

Natural Gas

PM 99%
NOx 25-60%
CO 90-97%
HC 50-75%
COz 25%

~$1 less

*Blend of 20% biodiesel, 80% diesef Further research is needed but some
studies have shown slight increases in NOx emissions compared to diesei.

Funding Resources

National Clean Diesel Campaign (EPA) www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program (CMAQ)

www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/cmaqpqs/

Carl Moyer Program (California only)

www.arb.ca.qov/msproq/mover/mover.htm

For general information visit:
Cleanup - Clean Air website:
For more information contact:

www.epa.eov/cleandiesel
www.epa.gov/region9/cleanup-clean-air

Jennifer Wang Wang. Jennifer@epa.gov	(415) 947-4171

Penelope McDaniel McDaniel.Penelope@epa.gov (415) 972-3178
Ann Carroll (HQ) Carroll. AnnY7 CDa.gov	(205) 566-2748

Sept 2007


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/g\	CLEANUP - CLEAN AIR

USElj	DIESEL EMISSIONS & GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS

Renewable	Energy

Brownfields	Cleanup	&

How can Brownfields
Reduce Air Pollution?

GENERATE renewable energy
on-site

CONSERVE energy by using
energy efficient equipment and
lighting and reducing energy use

DESIGN GREEN BUILDINGS to
dramatically reduce energy
consumption and costs

Calculate Emissions Reductions
www.cleanerandqreener.org/resources/
emission rednctions.htm

What are Renewable Energy Sources?

These sources naturally regenerate energy at the same or greater
rate than the energy being consumed. While fossil fuels are
being depleted, renewable energy technologies provide a lasting
source of energy. They include solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and
geothermal sources. Energy from these sources can be used
directly or converted into electricity.

Why Use Renewable Energy Technologies?

•	Environmental cleanup systems can operate for years to
decades. For longer-term cleanup systems, like groundwater
pump-and-treat systems, renewable energy technologies, such
as solar panels, can be used to augment the power supply.

•	Choose renewable energy technologies for residential or
commercial redevelopment projects to generate electricity on-
site.

•	Using renewable energy technologies reduces pollution and
greenhouse gases from the burning of limited fossil fuels.

•	Reduce dependence on foreign resources.

What are Some Renewable
Energy Technologies?

Soiar panels on rooftops can provide a large amount of energy
for a home or business and may make the electric meter run
backwards; Cost: $7-$12 per watt before rebates

Wind turbines harness wind energy. A single medium sized
wind turbine with good wind conditions can provide enough
energy for eight 3-bedroom homes; Cost: $2,000-$7,000 per kW
(source: www.windfarmersnetwork.org)

Biomass energy can come from plants or animal manure.
Electricity can be generated from methane gas that is produced
as the biomass decomposes; Cost: ~ $4,000 per kW (source:
www.epa.gov/aastar)

Funding Resources

Federal, State, and Local tax credits and rebates are available for
energy efficient buildings and/or installation of renewable energy
technologies, www.dsireusa.org

For general information visit:
Cleanup - Clean Air website:
For more information contact:

www, epa. gov/cleanenergy * www.nrel.gov * www.eere.enerev. gov
www.epa.gov/region9/cleamip-clean-air

Jennifer Wang	Wang. Jennifer@epa.gov	(415) 947-4171

Penelope McDaniel Mc Daniel. Penclopcr/cpa. gov (415) 972-3178
Ann Carroll (HQ) Carroll.Ann@epa. gov	(205) 566-2748

Sept 2007


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