San Diego County Air Pollution Control District
Title V Operating Permit Program Evaluation
Final Report
October 11, 2022
Conducted by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, California 94105
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments 6
Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations 7
Executive Summary 8
1. Introduction 12
Background 12
Title V Program Evaluation at the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District 13
Description of the SDAPCD 14
The EPA's Findings and Recommendations 17
2. Permit Preparation and Content 18
2.1 Finding: The SDAPCD has an internal quality assurance process for reviewing draft versions of
permits before they are made available for review by the public and the EPA; however, the
understanding of the review process is inconsistent between various groups and varies with level of
experience 18
2.2 Finding: The SDAPCD's statements of basis do not consistently describe regulatory and policy
decisions the District has made in the permitting process 19
2.3 Finding: The SDAPCD uses template permit documents and maintains template conditions in its
database to provide consistency in its permits 21
2.4 Finding: The SDAPCD does not document whether a requested title V permit modification
meets the criteria under which it is submitted, including confirming whether a change is a modification
undertitle I of the CAA 21
2.5 Finding: The SDAPCD generally references the underlying origin and authority for permit
conditions, but often does not reference the origin of New Source Review (NSR) requirements.
22
2.6 Finding: While the SDAPCD appears to streamline applicable requirements in its title V permits,
the District generally does not provide the necessary streamlining analysis in the statement of basis.
23
2.7 Finding: The SDAPCD clearly identifies locally enforceable conditions in title V permits.24
3. Monitoring 25
3.1 Finding: While the SDAPCD generally reviews CAM applicability, internal guidance needs to be
updated and staff need training 25
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3.2 Finding: The SDAPCD's title V permits generally contain monitoring that is sufficient to
determine compliance with emissions limits. However, the SDAPCD's statement of basis does not
consistently address periodic monitoring 26
3.3 Finding: The SDAPCD generally includes sufficient recordkeeping requirements as required by
the NSPS and NESHAP regulations 27
4. Public Participation and Affected State Review 28
4.1 Finding: San Diego County contains a significant number of linguistically isolated communities
for which the SDAPCD does not consistently provide translation services as required by 40 CFR Part
7.35(a) 28
4.2 Finding: The SDAPCD provides public notices of its draft title V permitting actions on its website.
29
4.3 Finding: The SDAPCD provides notification regarding the public's right to petition the EPA
Administrator to object to a title V permit 30
4.4 Finding: The SDAPCD's general practice is to conduct a concurrent public and EPA review. If
comments are received during the 30-day public review period, the permit package is re-proposed to
the EPA for a new 45-day review period 31
4.5 Finding: The SDAPCD has a Business Assistance Program (BAP) to conduct pre-application
meetings with potential sources to help identify the scope of potential permitting projects and the
applicability of regulatory requirements 31
4.6 Finding: The SDAPCD notifies tribes of title V permitting actions 32
5. Permit Issuance / Revision / Renewal 33
5.1 Finding: The SDAPCD does not consistently process title V actions in a timely manner, resulting
in a permitting backlog 33
5.2 Finding: The SDAPCD routinely submits proposed and final permit actions to the EPA.33
5.3 Finding: The SDAPCD has authority to use parallel processing to streamline the issuance of
modified NSR and title V permits. However, it is not clear that this processing method is correctly
utilized 34
5.4 Finding: The District does not evaluate the potential emissions from sources without title V
permits to determine if they are major sources or whether such sources need synthetic limits to avoid
title V applicability or other CAA requirements 35
6. Compliance 37
6.1 Finding: The District performs Full Compliance Evaluations (FCEs) of all title V sources on a
schedule consistent with its negotiated compliance monitoring strategy (CMS) 37
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6.2 Finding: The District's Compliance Division reviews all title V deviation reports, annual
compliance certifications, and semiannual monitoring reports submitted by Part 70 sources.37
6.3 Finding: When potential compliance issues are discovered, the District addresses them prior to
permit issuance. However, the District's statement of basis could be improved to include compliance
history 38
6.4 Finding: The District uses title V compliance certifications and semiannual monitoring reports
to prioritize inspections and initiate enforcement actions 38
6.5 Finding: Compliance staff have the necessary equipment to perform their job duties but find
the procurement process for new equipment to be slow 39
6.6 Finding: While the SDAPCD has a process in their internal database for compliance staff to
request changes to title V permits, it is unclear if it is being used consistently 39
7. Resources and Internal Management 41
7.1 Finding: The SDAPCD staff report that they receive effective legal support from the District
Counsel's office 41
7.2 Finding: The District tracks title V program expenses and revenue and those funds are spent
solely to support the title V program 41
7.3 Finding: The District permitting and compliance management communicate well and meet
routinely to discuss programmatic issues. However, the results of these discussions are not clearly and
consistently communicated to compliance staff and has resulted in uncertainty regarding outcomes of
issue resolution among compliance staff 42
7.4 Finding: The District lacks a training plan for its permitting and compliance staff 43
7.5 Finding: Permitting staff demonstrated a general lack of knowledge on environmental justice
(EJ) related to permitting and would like the EPA to provide training on this issue 44
7.6 Finding: The SDAPCD faces staffing challenges, one of the symptoms of which is a permitting
backlog, that, with its recent reclassification to a higher nonattainment status, will create additional
resource demands on its title V permitting process 44
8. Records Management 46
8.1 Finding: The SDAPCD has successfully converted all permitting hard copy files to electronic files
and stores historical physical title V permit files in a central records center 46
8.2 Finding: The SDAPCD has improved its written file retention policy. However, most staff
interviewed are not aware of the District's record retention schedules 46
8.3 Finding: The SDAPCD uses an electronic database to track title V permits and continues to make
database improvements 47
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Appendix A. Air Pollution Control Agencies in California
Appendix B. Title V Questionnaire and the SDAPCD Responses
Appendix C. U.S. EPA Statement of Basis Guidance
Appendix D. Map of Linguistically Isolated Households in the SDAPCD.
Appendix E. Fee Guidances
Appendix F. SDAPCD Fee Information
Appendix G. SDAPCD Record Retention Schedule
Appendix H. Engineering Division Manual of Operating Procedures
Appendix I. EPA's Response to Comments
Appendix J. SDAPCD's Draft Report Response
Appendix K. Titled Base Salary Compensation Study
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Acknowledgments
The EPA Region 9 acknowledges the cooperation of the staff and management of the San Diego County
Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD). We appreciate their willingness to respond to information
requests and share their experiences regarding the implementation of the SDAPCD's title V program
under the Clean Air Act.
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Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AB
Assembly Bill
Act
Clean Air Act [42 USC Section 7401 et seq.]
ATC
Authority to Construct
CAA
Clean Air Act [42 USC Section 7401 et seq.]
CAM
Compliance Assurance Monitoring
CARB
California Air Resources Board
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CMS
Compliance Monitoring Strategy
District
San Diego County Air Pollution Control District
EJ
Environmental Justice
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPS
Electronic Permit System
FCE
Full Compliance Evaluation
HAP
hazardous air pollutants
NESHAP
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, 40 CFR Parts 61 & 63
NOV
Notice of Violation
NOx
Nitrogen Oxides
NSPS
New Source Performance Standards, 40 CFR Part 60
NSR
New Source Review
NTC
Notice to Comply
OEJ
Office of Environmental Justice
OIG
EPA Office of Inspector General
PSD
Prevention of Significant Deterioration
PTE
Potential to Emit
PTO
Permit to Operate
Region
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9
BAP
Business Assistance Program
SDAPCD
San Diego County Airy Pollution Control District
SIP
State Implementation Plan
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
Team
EPA Region 9 Program Evaluation Team
we
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Executive Summary
In response to the recommendations of a 2002 Office of Inspector General (OIG) audit, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or "we") re-examined the ways it can improve state and local
operating permit programs under title V of the Clean Air Act ("title V programs") and expedite permit
issuance. Specifically, the EPA developed an action plan for performing program evaluations of title V
programs for each air pollution control agency beginning in fiscal year 2003. The purpose of these
program evaluations is to identify good practices, document areas needing improvement, and learn
how the EPA can help the permitting agencies improve their performance.
The EPA's Region 9 (the "Region") oversees 47 air permitting authorities with title V programs in the
Pacific Southwest. Of these, 43 are state or local authorities approved pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 (35 in
California, three in Nevada, four in Arizona, and one in Hawaii), referred to as "Part 70" programs. The
terms "title V" and "Part 70" are used interchangeably in this report. The Region also oversees a
delegated title V permitting program in Navajo Nation under 40 CFR part 71 and title V programs in
Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands under 40 CFR part
69, referred to, respectively, as "Part 71" and "Part 69" programs. Because of the significant number of
permitting authorities, the Region has committed to performing, on an annual basis, one
comprehensive title V program evaluation of a permitting authority with 20 or more title V sources.
This approach covers at least 85% of the title V sources within the Region 9 jurisdiction.
The Region initially conducted a title V program evaluation of the San Diego County Air Pollution
Control District (SDAPCD or "District") in 2008 ("2008 Evaluation").1 This is the second title V program
evaluation the EPA has conducted for the SDAPCD. The EPA Region 9 program evaluation team
("Team") for this evaluation consisted of the following EPA personnel: Meredith Kurpius, Air and
Radiation Division Assistant Director; Gerardo Rios, Manager of the Air Permits Office; Noah Smith,
Attorney Advisor; Ken Israels, Program Evaluation Advisor; Sheila Tsai, Program Evaluation
Coordinator; Mario Zuniga, SDAPCD Oversight Team Lead; Lisa Beckham, Program Evaluation Team
Member; Amber Batchelder, Program Evaluation Team Member; Tina Su, Program Evaluation Team
Member; Po-Chieh Ting, Program Evaluation Team Member; Catherine Valladolid, Program Evaluation
Team Member; and Camille Cassar, Program Evaluation Team Member.
The program evaluation was conducted in four stages. During the first stage, the Region sent the
SDAPCD a questionnaire focusing on title V program implementation in preparation for the interviews
(see Appendix B, Title V Questionnaire and SDAPCD Responses). During the second stage, the Team
conducted an internal review of the EPA's own set of SDAPCD permit files. The third stage of the
program evaluation was a hybrid site visit, which consisted of Region 9 representatives visiting the
SDAPCD office in San Diego, California to conduct interviews of the SDAPCD staff and managers in
person and virtually. Because this was a hybrid site visit, some of the interviews were conducted
virtually through video conferencing. The site visit took place March 28-30, 2022. Finally, the fourth
stage involved follow-up and clarification of issues for completion of the draft report.
1 San Diego County Air Pollution Control District; Title V Operating Permit Program Evaluation, dated September 30, 2008.
See https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-07/documents/sd-finalreport-93020Q8.pdf.
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We recognize that the District is going through many changes: brand new governance structure, new
governing board and leadership, as well as the recent reclassification for ozone from serious to severe.
The Region's 2022 evaluation of the SDAPCD's implementation of the Part 70 program concludes that
the SDAPCD is implementing a title V program first approved in 2001, but has areas for improvement.
The new District management recognizes this and was already taking steps to improve its
implementation of the program prior to this evaluation. For example, title V permitting workload will
be distributed more evenly among permitting staff and the District is focusing on a more
comprehensive outreach process for its programs, including through the creation of the Office of
Environmental Justice (OEJ). A framework for the new Office of Environmental Justice2 and Public
Participation Plan3 was developed and approved by the new governing board. The SDAPCD is making
positive changes and we hope our findings and recommendations will further assist the District in
improving its implementation of the program.
Overall, the District's title V permits generally contain sufficient monitoring, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements to determine compliance with emissions limits The District could use some
overall improvement in standardizing and documenting its work processes and permitting decisions in
its supporting documents. This would resolve most of the findings we have related to the support
document that explains the legal and factual basis for permit conditions (referred to as the "statement
of basis"). We also want to emphasize the need for the SDAPCD to evaluate the potential emissions
from each facility to accurately determine a source's major source and/or synthetic minor status. We
recognize the District is actively working on its backlog and currently lacks sufficient resources, but we
also note that the SDAPCD continues to perform full compliance evaluations of all title V sources and
reviews all title V deviation, annual, and semiannual reports submitted by Part 70 sources.
Some major findings we want to highlight from our report are listed below:
1. Finding: The SDAPCD's statements of basis do not consistently describe regulatory and policy
decisions the District has made in the permitting process. (Finding 2.2)
2. Finding: The SDAPCD does not document whether a requested title V permit modification
meets the criteria under which it is submitted, including confirming whether a change is a
modification under title I of the CAA. (Finding 2.4)
3. Finding: The SDAPCD provides notification regarding the public's right to petition the EPA
Administrator to object to a title V permit. (Finding 4.2)
4. Finding: San Diego County contains a significant number of linguistically isolated communities
for which the SDAPCD does not consistently provide translation services as required by 40 CFR
Part 7.35(a). (Finding 4.1)
2 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/dam/sdapcd/documents/communitv/environmental-iustice-
/APCD%200ffice%20of%20Environmental%20Justice Draft%20Framework.pdf.
3 See https://www.participatesdapcd.org/About%20the%20Plan/.
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5. Finding: The SDAPCD has a Business Assistance Program (BAP) to conduct pre-application
meetings with potential sources to help identify the scope of potential permitting projects and
the applicability of regulatory requirements. (Finding 4.5)
6. Finding: The SDAPCD does not consistently process title V actions in a timely manner, resulting
in a permitting backlog. (Finding 5.1)
7. Finding: The District does not evaluate the potential emissions from sources without title V
permits to determine if they are major sources or whether such sources need synthetic limits to
avoid title V applicability or other CAA requirements. (Finding 5.4)
8. Finding: The District performs Full Compliance Evaluations (FCEs) of all title V sources on a
schedule consistent with its negotiated compliance monitoring strategy (CMS). (Finding 6.1)
9. Finding: The District tracks title V program expenses and revenue and those funds are spent
solely to support the title V program. (Finding 7.2)
10. Finding: The SDAPCD has successfully converted all permitting hard copy files to electronic files
and stores historical physical title V permit files in a central records center. (Finding 8.1)
Our report provides a series of findings (in addition to those listed above) and recommendations that
should be considered in addressing our findings. As part of the program evaluation process, the
SDAPCD has been given an opportunity to review these findings and consider our recommendations.
In addition, our evaluation also considered whether issues found during our 2008 Evaluation have since
been addressed. As discussed in Findings 2.3, 4.1, and 4.6, the District has corrected issues related to
ensuring permits are signed, publishing public notices in a newspaper of general circulation, and
notifying tribal governments of title V permitting actions. As discussed in Findings, 2.4, 6.6, 7.3, and
7.5, the District has not fully addressed issues related to streamlining NSR and title V actions consistent
with the title V program, ensuring recommendations from compliance staff to improve permit
enforceability are considered in a timely manner, improving communication between permitting and
compliance staff, and improving permitting staff's knowledge of environmental justice.
As part of the program evaluation process, the SDAPCD had an opportunity to review these findings
and consider our recommendations on July 29, 2022, when we emailed an electronic copy of the draft
report to the SDAPCD for comment. We received the SDAPCD's response and comments on August 30,
2022 (see Appendix J). Based on the comments received from the SDAPCD, the EPA made certain
changes in the final report. A copy of the Response to Comments and discussion of changes can be
found in Appendix I.
To better communicate our recommendations and work together on the recommended
improvements, we request an initial kick-off meeting within 90 days of the SDAPCD's receipt of the
final report to discuss developing a workplan. A workplan typically includes specific goals and
milestones that can be used to demonstrate progress. We commit to meet with the SDAPCD regularly
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to discuss progress until both the SDAPCD and the EPA mutually agree the workplan items are
sufficiently complete.
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1. Introduction
Background
In 2000, the EPA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) initiated an evaluation on the progress that the
EPA and state and local agencies were making in issuing title V permits under the Clean Air Act (CAA or
the "Act"). The purpose of OIG's evaluation was to identify factors delaying the issuance of title V
permits by selected state and local agencies and to identify practices contributing to timely issuance of
permits by those same agencies.
After reviewing several selected state and local air pollution control agencies, the OIG issued a report
on the progress of title V permit issuance by the EPA and states.4 In the report, the OIG concluded that
(1) a lack of resources, complex EPA regulations, and conflicting priorities contributed to permit delays;
(2) EPA oversight and technical assistance had little impact on issuing title V permits; and (3) state
agency management support for the title V program, state agency and industry partnering, and permit
writer site visits to facilities contributed to the progress that agencies made in issuing title V operating
permits.
The OIG's report provided several recommendations for the EPA to improve title V programs and
increase the issuance of title V permits. In response to the OIG's recommendations, the EPA made a
commitment in July 2002 to carry out comprehensive title V program evaluations nationwide. The
goals of these evaluations are to identify where the EPA's oversight role can be improved, where air
pollution control agencies are taking unique approaches that may benefit other agencies, and where
local programs need improvement. The EPA's effort to perform title V program evaluations for each air
pollution control agency began in fiscal year 2003.
On October 20, 2014, the OIG issued a report, "Enhanced EPA Oversight Needed to Address Risks From
Declining Clean Air Act Title V Revenues," that recommended, in part, that the EPA: establish a fee
oversight strategy to ensure consistent and timely actions to identify and address violations of 40 CFR
part 70; emphasize and require periodic reviews of title V fee revenue and accounting practices in title
V program evaluations; and pursue corrective actions, as necessary.5
The Region oversees 47 air permitting authorities with title V programs in the Pacific Southwest. Of
these, 43 are state or local authorities approved pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 (35 in California, three in
Nevada, four in Arizona, and one in Hawaii), referred to as "Part 70" programs. The terms "title V' and
"Part 70" are used interchangeably in this report. The Region also oversees a delegated title V
permitting program in Navajo Nation under 40 CFR part 71 and title V programs in Guam, American
Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands under 40 CFR part 69, referred to,
4 Report No. 2002-P-00008, Office of Inspector General Evaluation Report, "EPA and State Progress In Issuing title V
Permits", dated March 29, 2002. See https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/titlev.pdf.
5 Report No. 15-P-0006, Office of Inspector General Evaluation Report, "Enhanced EPA Oversight Needed to Address Risks
From Declining Clean Air Act Title V Revenues", dated October 20, 2014. See
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/20141020-15-p-00Q6.pdf.
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respectively, as "Part 71" and "Part 69" programs. Because of the significant number of permitting
authorities, the Region has committed to performing, on an annual basis, one comprehensive title V
program evaluation of a permitting authority with 20 or more title V sources. This approach covers at
least 85% of the title V sources within the Region 9 jurisdiction.
Title V Program Evaluation at the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District
This is the second title V program evaluation the EPA has conducted for the SDAPCD. The first title V
program evaluation was conducted in 2008. Thus, this evaluation is a follow-up to SDAPCD's 2008
Evaluation. The EPA Region 9 Team for this evaluation consisted of the following EPA personnel:
Meredith Kurpius, Air and Radiation Division Assistant Director; Gerardo Rios, Manager of the Air
Permits Office; Noah Smith, Attorney Advisor; Ken Israels, Program Evaluation Advisor; Sheila Tsai,
Program Evaluation Coordinator; Mario Zuniga, SDAPCD Oversight Team Lead; Lisa Beckham, Program
Evaluation Team Member; Amber Batchelder, Program Evaluation Team Member; Tina Su, Program
Evaluation Team Member; Po-Chieh Ting, Program Evaluation Team Member; Catherine Valladolid,
Program Evaluation Team Member; and Camille Cassar, Program Evaluation Team Member.
The objectives of the evaluation were to assess how the SDAPCD implements its title V permitting
program, evaluate the overall effectiveness of the SDAPCD's title V program, identify areas of the
SDAPCD's title V program that need improvement, identify areas where the EPA's oversight role can be
improved, and highlight the unique and innovative aspects of the SDAPCD's program that may be
beneficial to transfer to other permitting authorities. The program evaluation was conducted in four
stages. In the first stage, the EPA sent the SDAPCD a questionnaire focusing on title V program
implementation in preparation for the interviews. (See Appendix B, Title V Questionnaire and SDAPCD
Responses.) The Title V Questionnaire was developed by the EPA nationally and covers the following
program areas: (1) Title V Permit Preparation and Content; (2) General Permits; (3) Monitoring; (4)
Public Participation and Affected State Review; (5) Permit Issuance/Revision/Renewal Processes; (6)
Compliance; (7) Resources & Internal Management Support; and (8) Title V Benefits.
During the second stage of the program evaluation, the Region conducted an internal review of the
EPA's SDAPCD title V permit files. The SDAPCD submits title V permits to the Region in accordance with
its EPA-approved title V program and the Part 70 regulations.
The third stage of the program evaluation was a hybrid site visit, which consisted of Region 9
representatives visiting the SDAPCD office in San Diego, California to conduct interviews of the SDAPCD
staff and managers in person. Because this was a hybrid site visit, some of the interviews were
conducted virtually through video conferencing. The purpose of the interviews was to confirm the
responses in the completed questionnaire and to ask clarifying questions. The site visit took place
March 28-30, 2022.
The fourth stage of the program evaluation was follow-up and clarification of issues for completion of
the draft report. The Region compiled and summarized interview notes and asked follow-up questions
to clarify the Region's understanding of various aspects of the SDAPCD's title V program.
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Description of the SDAPCD
The SDAPCD's mission is to "improve air quality to protect public health and the environment." The
SDAPCD is currently organized into four divisions: (1) Engineering, (2) Compliance, (3) Monitoring and
Technical Services, and (4) Business Support Services. The five offices/sections/programs at the
SDAPCD include Office of Environmental Justice (OEJ), Rule Development, Mobile Source Incentive,
Information Technology, and Human Resources. Stationary source operating permits, including title V
permits, are issued by the Engineering Division. Compliance and enforcement activities, such as facility
inspections and preparing enforcement cases are handled by the Compliance Division. Source testing is
conducted by the Monitoring and Technical Services Division. The Business Support Services works on
the District's budget and the fees and administrative aspects of permitting.6 The SDAPCD's office is
located in San Diego, California.
Since 1955, the 5-member County of San Diego Board of Supervisors served as the District's governing
board, known as the Air Pollution Control Board. As of March 1, 2021, California Assembly Bill (AB) 423
(Gloria, 2019) amended State law to restructure and expand the governing board of the SDAPCD. AB
423 adds specified duties to the District, requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to conduct
a program audit of the District7, separates the SDAPCD from the County governance structure, and
requires the appointment of a new 11-member governing board.8 With AB 423, the SDAPCD is focusing
on a more comprehensive outreach process for its permitting actions and has created the Office of
Environmental Justice (OEJ). A framework for the new Office of Environmental Justice9 and Public
Participation Plan10 was developed and approved by the new governing board on April 14, 2022. In
addition to governing board changes, the SDAPCD recently had several experienced staff retire and
selected new senior leadership and a new Air Pollution Control Officer.
In addition to changes in structure and leadership, the workload associated with the SDAPCD's
implementation of the title V program is expected to increase. Effective July 2, 2021, the EPA
reclassified the San Diego County ozone nonattainment area from "Serious" to "Severe" for the 2008
ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and from "Moderate" to "Severe" for the 2015
ozone NAAQS.11 Upon reclassification, the threshold at which a source is considered a major source
under the Part 70 program for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds
(VOC) dropped in San Diego County from 50 tons per year to 25 tons per year. All major stationary
sources under part D of the CAA are required to obtain a title V permit and have one year from
becoming subject to the title V program to submit an initial title V permit application.12 Thus, an influx
6 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/about.html.
7 See https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/san-diego-program-review.
8 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/about/district-boards/governing-board.html.
9 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/dam/sdapcd/documents/communitv/environmental-iustice-
/APCD%200ffice%20of%20Environmental%20Justice Draft%20Framework.pdf.
10 See https://www.participatesdapcd.org/About%20the%20Plan/.
11 See 86 FR 29522 (June 2, 2021).
12 The EPA should've been more clear in its ozone reclassification notice and issued a notice of deficiency to the District for
not adequately administering and enforcing the title V program using the new major source threshold. If the EPA
determines a permitting authority is not adequately administering an approved Part 70 program, we will provide
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of initial title V applications is expected for those sources newly subject to the title V program in San
Diego County.
The EPA granted the SDAPCD's title V program interim approval effective December 7, 1995, and full
approval effective November 30, 2001. The EPA also later granted approval of program revisions that
were effective on February 27, 2004.13 On October 21, 2021, the District submitted additional updates
to its title V program that the EPA is currently processing.14
The Part 70 program generally requires that a permitting authority take final action on each permit
application within 18 months after receipt of a complete permit application. Additionally, a permitting
authority must take action on an application for a minor modification within 90 days of receipt of an
application (or 15 days after the EPA's 45-day review period, whichever is later) and the permitting
authority has 60 days to act on requests for administrative permit amendments.15 The SDAPCD's local
rules regarding title V permit issuance contain the same or more stringent timeframes as the Part 70
program.16
Currently, there are 28 sources in the SDAPCD jurisdiction that are subject to the title V permit
program, with the San Diego County's ozone nonattainment area reclassification, the SDAPCD is
expecting at least 12 more title V sources.17 Unlike the conclusion from our 2008 Evaluation, the
District does not currently have sufficient permitting resources18 and is unable to process title V permit
applications in a timely manner that results in a title V permit application backlog.19
SDAPCD's Approach to the Title V Program
Consistent with the other permitting authorities in California, when the EPA approved the SDAPCD's
title V operating permit program, the District had already been implementing an operating permit
program locally for many years. As a result, the title V program was implemented as an overlay to the
District's local permitting program. The existing program requires permits to be issued for individual
pieces of equipment. Each Authority to Construct (ATC) permit is issued prior to the construction of the
emissions unit and typically contains conditions required for the construction and initial operation. The
ATC permit is then converted to a Permit to Operate (PTO) after construction is completed and
notification of the deficiency and, when related to a pollutant in a nonattainment area, apply sanctions as appropriate until
the deficiency is resolved. See CAA section 502(i). After the District has an approved program, sources will be required to
submit a complete title V permit application to the District within 12 months. The program revisions we are currently
processing will clarify which sources must obtain title V permits to resolve this issue. The EPA is also taking steps to ensure
this language is clear in any future reclassifications.
13 See Appendix A, 40 CFR part 70.
14 This revision includes updates to the District's definition for major stationary source. Although the District has revised its
NSR rules to include the correct major source thresholds, the definition in the District's title V rules still contains an error
where the major source threshold for all criteria pollutants is identified as 100 tons per year.
15 See 40 CFR 70.7(a)(2) and 70.7(e)(2)(iv).
16 See the SDAPCD Rule 1410.
17 See Finding 5.4 of this report for more discussion on the District's title V source determination.
18 See Section 7 of this report for more discussion on the SDAPCD's resource management.
19 See Finding 5.1 of this report for more discussion on the District's title V backlog.
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operation of the emissions unit has commenced. During the conversion from ATC to PTO, certain ATC
permit conditions are not retained in the PTO if the ATC conditions are determined to be obsolete or
irrelevant because they were construction related. Furthermore, because these operating permits are
linked to fee payment and renewed annually, new permit conditions can be added or revised each year
as applicable. However, these local PTOs do not meet all the requirements for an operating permit
required by title V of the CAA.
To implement the title V program, the SDAPCD's title V permits are created by including all the local
PTOs and then adding additional sections for facility-wide applicable requirements and title V program
-specific conditions such as semi-annual monitoring, annual compliance certifications, deviation
reporting, and additional monitoring to assure compliance. The result is that title V sources in SDAPCD
have two sets of operating permits with overlapping requirements.
Historically, the SDAPCD only had one title V permit engineer that was assigned all title V permits, and
most of the SDAPCD title V permit actions are performed under the conditions of section 502(b)(10) of
the CAA (known as a "502(b)(10) change"). When a modification is needed, the general process is that
the applicant would submit both an ATC application and a 502(b)(10) change. The ATC/PTO would be
issued first, and the 502(b)(10) change would be incorporated later into the title V permit, typically
during the renewal.
In our view, to evaluate the SDAPCD's title V program, we must also consider the District's ATC/PTO
actions for title V sources because these permit decisions are relied upon to create the District's title V
permits and would typically represent title V permit modifications.20 Throughout this report, when we
refer to the District's title V program, we are also generally considering the local ATC/PTO actions for
title V sources. However, because the SDAPCD uses separate processes for what it considers to be
ATC/PTO and title V permit actions, we will refer to the ATC/PTO permit as the "local permit" to make
the distinction when necessary.21
During our site visit, we learned that the SDAPCD is planning to change how the title V program is
being implemented. Title V permits will no longer be written and revised by a single engineer, instead
the workload will be distributed across permitting staff and more training will be provided. We
acknowledge that the SDAPCD has experienced and is still experiencing many changes; we are
conducting our evaluation based on what we learned, and we hope to assist the District in its title V
program implementation going forward.
Sections 2 through 8 of this report contain the EPA's findings regarding implementation of the title V
permit program by SDAPCD.
20 See Finding 2.4 of this report for more discussion on how the SDAPCD categorize its title V permitting actions.
21 This approach also necessarily affects how title V fees are gathered and spent as the title V fees are viewed as being in
addition to the fees collected for the pre-title V permitting program. See our fee-related finding in Chapter 7 of this
evaluation report.
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The EPA's Findings and Recommendations
The following sections include a brief introduction, and a series of findings, discussions, and
recommendations. The findings are grouped in the order of the program areas as they appear in the
Title V Questionnaire.
The findings and recommendations in this report are based on the District's responses to the Title V
Questionnaire, the EPA's internal file reviews, interviews conducted during the March 28-30, 2022 site
visit, and follow-up emails and phone calls subsequent to the site visit.
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2.
Permit Preparation and Content
The purpose of this section is to evaluate the permitting authority's procedures for preparing title V
permits. Part 70 outlines the necessary elements of a title V permit application under 40 CFR 70.5, and
it specifies the requirements that must be included in each title V permit under 40 CFR 70.6. Title V
permits must address all applicable requirements, as well as necessary testing, monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements sufficient to assure compliance with the terms and
conditions of the permit.
2.1 Finding: The SDAPCD has an internal quality assurance process for reviewing draft versions of
permits before they are made available for review by the public and the EPA; however, the
understanding of the review process is inconsistent between various groups and varies with
level of experience.
Discussion: Based on the interviews, we found that all SDAPCD issued permits undergo an
internal review process; however, we received inconsistent answers as to who is involved in the
review process for local and title V permits. This is mostly likely caused by the separate
procedures used for issuing title V and local permits, where, historically, only one staff person
processed title V permits. The SDAPCD maintains a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on the
process for issuing local or title V permits; however, many staff were not aware of the SOP. Our
overall understanding is that draft local permits go through a more extensive review process
than the draft title V permits. Local draft permits are sent to the senior engineer in the
appropriate Engineering Division section for review. Then, the draft local permit is sent to the
Compliance Division for review. Senior management does not typically get involved in this
review unless an unresolved issue requires attention, or a cursory review is needed. After the
internal review is complete, the draft local permit is sent to the permittee for review and
comment before it is public noticed. In contrast, the permit review process was less clear when
discussing title V permits during interviews. At a minimum, draft title V permits go to the title V
permit manager for review. We received inconsistent responses about whether the Compliance
Division reviews them or not.
Many pointed out that there has been extensive turnover within the District,22 and
communications have not been as effective due to lack of training. There was an even split in
response between interviewees regarding whether the Compliance Division reviews the title V
permits. Multiple compliance staff also mentioned they have stopped sending comments to the
Engineering Division after repeatedly not seeing feedback being incorporated into permits.23
Recommendation: The EPA acknowledges that the SDAPCD recently changed how it processes
title V permits, and many processes and responsibilities are still in transition. As part of the
transition, the SDAPCD should document the procedure of its quality assurance process and
provide staff training so the process can be implemented consistently. The EPA suggests that
22 See Finding 7.6 of this report for more discussion on employee retention.
23 See Finding 6.6 of this report for more discussion on compliance permit feedback process.
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the comprehensive process used for local permits should serve as a starting point for title V
permits and that the process address how feedback generated in the internal and permittee
review processes are to be considered.
2.2 Finding: The SDAPCD's statements of basis do not consistently describe regulatory and policy
decisions the District has made in the permitting process.
Discussion: 40 CFR part 70.7(a)(5) requires the District to provide "a statement that sets forth
the legal and factual basis for the draft permit conditions" and is commonly referred to as the
"statement of basis". The purpose of this requirement is to provide the public and the EPA with
the District's rationale on applicability determinations and technical issues supporting the
issuance of proposed title V permits. A statement of basis documents the regulatory and policy
issues applicable to the source and is an essential tool for conducting meaningful permit
review.
The EPA has issued guidance on the required content of statement of basis on several
occasions, most recently in 2014.24 This guidance has consistently explained the need for
permitting authorities to develop a statement of basis with sufficient detail to document the
decisions made in the permitting process. The EPA provided an overview of this guidance in a
2006 title V petition order, In the Matter of Onyx Environmental Services, Order on Petition No.
V-2005-1 (February 1, 2006) (Onyx Order). In the Onyx Order, in the context of a general
overview statement on the statement of basis, the EPA explained:
A statement of basis must describe the origin or basis of each permit condition or
exemption. However, it is more than just a short form of the permit. It should highlight
elements that U.S. EPA and the public would find important to review. Rather than
restating the permit, it should list anything that deviates from simply a straight
recitation of applicable requirements. The statement of basis should highlight items such
as the permit shield, streamlined conditions, or any monitoring that is required under 40
C.F.R. § 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B). Thus, it should include a discussion of the decision-making that
went into the development of the title Vpermit and provide the permitting authority, the
public, and U.S. EPA a record of the applicability and technical issues surrounding the
issuance of the permit. (Footnotes omitted.) See, e.g., In RePort Hudson Operations,
Georgia Pacific, Petition No. 6-03-01, at pages 37-40 (May 9, 2003) ("Georgia Pacific");
In Re Doe Run Company Buick Mill and Mine, Petition No. VII-1999-001, at pages 24-25
(July 31, 2002) ("Doe Run"); In Re Fort James Camas Mill, Petition No. X-1999-1, at page
8 (December 22, 2000) ("Ft. James").
Onyx Order at 13-14. Appendix C of this report contains a summary of the EPA guidance to date
on the suggested elements to be included in a statement of basis.
24 Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, Director of the Office of Air Qualtiy Planning and Standards, "Implementation
Guidance on Annual Compliance Certification Reporting and Statement of Basis Requirements for Title V Permits," April 30,
2014. See https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/2014043Q.pdf.
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In our review, we found that the statement of basis prepared by the District often does not
adequately describe the regulatory and policy issues or document the decisions the District
made in the permitting process. Though there is variation, the District's statement of basis
generally includes: Introduction/Description; Title V Applicability; Applicable Requirements;
Monitoring, Record-keeping, and Reporting; Public Notice and EPA Review; and
Conclusions/Recommendations. While these are the types of categories often found in the
statement of basis for a title V permit, the District does not consistently include the type of
detailed, site-specific information needed in these sections that would allow the reader to
understand the District's legal and factual basis for the terms and conditions in the permit.
For example, the District often includes a list of applicable requirements but does not always
explain why the source is subject to the requirements or whether an otherwise potentially
applicable requirement is not applicable in a particular case. The District could improve this
section by consistently explaining why the source meets the appropriate applicability criteria.
The section should also not be limited to New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) or
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) but should also include the
applicability of all federal applicable requirements, including Compliance Assurance Monitoring
(CAM), the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit program at 40 CFR 52.2 1 25, the
title IV Acid Rain Program, and State Implementation Plan (SlP)-approved rules.
In addition, the sections dedicated to background and introductory information could be
improved by including a description of the various processes and operations at the source,
relevant historical information, and the current type of permitting action. While the statement
of basis generically describes the changes being made to the permit, the District could improve
by providing more context. It should be clear to the reader why the permit needs to be revised
and that the revisions the District is making are appropriate for the situation. The District could
also consider including a redline/strikethrough version of the permit revisions as part of the
permit record provided during the public participation process to facilitate permit review.
Furthermore, when streamlining multiple applicable requirements, the statement of basis must
explain the requirements being streamlined and how the permit conditions assure
compliance.26
Recommendation: As required by the Part 70 program, he SDAPCD must consistently produce a
statement of basis for each title V permit action (initial permits, renewals, and significant and
minor revisions) and should commit to improving the content of this document for future
permitting actions. We encourage the SDAPCD to work in close coordination with the EPA to
ensure that the statement of basis is adequate for explaining the legal and factual basis of each
action as required by 40 CFR 70.7(a)(5). If the engineering evaluations for local permits contain
applicable analysis for the source's title V permit, then these evaluations should be included in
the package sent to the EPA for its title V permit review.
25 While the SDAPCD does not have an EPA-approved PSD program, PSD remains a potential applicable requirement to title
V sources in SDAPCD. Any EPA-issued PSD permits must be incorporated into the District's title V permits.
26 See Finding 2.7 of this report for more discussion on the SDAPCD streamlining evaluation.
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2.3 Finding: The SDAPCD uses template permit documents and maintains template conditions in its
database to provide consistency in its permits.
Discussion: From staff interviews, most permit engineers refer to previous permitting actions to
ensure consistency between permitting documents, especially for the statement of basis.27 The
SDAPCD also maintains a list of template permit conditions within its permitting database to
assist in permit language consistency.28
The SDAPCD's template title V permit includes a cover page with the Source's general
information, responsible official, and signature from an appropriate District official. The
template title V permit is divided into six sections: Preamble, Regulation XIV Permit
Requirements, Facility-Wide Requirements, Emission Unit Requirements, District-Only
Provisions, and Appendices. During the 2008 Evaluation, the SDAPCD's title V permits were not
signed by an appropriate District official. The District's title V permit template now includes a
District official signature, and the District appears to have resolved its signature issue.
Recommendation: We commend the SDAPCD for promoting consistency between its permit
documents using templates. We encourage the SDAPCD to continue improving the statement
of basis as discussed in Finding 2.2.
2.4 Finding: The SDAPCD does not document whether a requested title V permit modification
meets the criteria under which it is submitted, including confirming whether a change is a
modification under title I of the CAA.
Discussion: When changes are made to a Part 70 source, there are several options for the
method that must be used to incorporate the change into the title V permit under the Part 70
and District regulations. The District has developed an internal guidance document that defines
the criteria to classify the different title V permit revision types and specifies the steps to follow
to determine the appropriate revision track. The guidance also describes the type of supporting
documentation that should accompany each type of permit revision. This guidance document
was provided to the EPA during the file review and should serve as a good resource for the
SDAPCD staff to understand the criteria for classifying title V revisions and to provide consistent
processing of title V permit changes.
During our file review, we requested 5 years of permit files for the various types of permit
modifications (significant modifications, minor permit modifications, administrative
amendments, and off-permit changes/502(b)(10) changes). In reviewing these files, we
discovered the District consistently does not document whether the type of permit
modification requested is correct.
27 See Finding 2.2 of this report for more discussion of the SDACPD's statement of basis.
28 See Finding 8.3 of this report for more discussion of the SDAPCD permitting database.
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Importantly, the District does not document whether 502(b)(10) changes and minor permit
modifications are not modifications under title I of the Act, a minimum requirement for using
these options. Further, such determinations should include consideration of the PSD program
at 40 CFR 52.21 that is implemented by the EPA within San Diego County. The District's rule
that references "PSD" requirements, Rule 20.3, is not an EPA-approved PSD program and does
not use the correct PSD applicability criteria.
Permitting authorities are not required to produce a statement of basis when processing a
502(b)(10) change; however, we believe it would be beneficial for the SDAPCD to document its
analysis verifying that a requested operational change qualifies as a 502(b)(10) change.
Otherwise, the regulated community is encouraged to avoid title V program requirements, and
potentially title I requirements, by submitting every action as a 502(b)(10) change. We also note
that files pertaining to 502(b)(10) changes did not document that the requested changes were
eventually incorporated into the title V permit at the time of the next renewal, nor did the
District respond when title V sources requested notification whether their changes qualified as
502(b)(10) changes.
Due to the lack of documentation, the EPA was unable to fully assess the SDAPCD staff's
understanding of the various permit revision tracks and could not verify whether applications
for permit modifications were categorized and processed correctly pursuant to District and
federal regulations. When these types of decisions are not consistently documented it can lead
to inconsistent implementation of the title V program.
Further, during our 2008 Evaluation we found that the District "streamlines" its NSR and title V
actions but did not consistently follow its own rules in doing so by ensuring adequate EPA and
public review of NSR actions added to the title V permit.29 It is unclear whether in lieu of using
the appropriate procedures in its rules, the District is now instead determining all changes at
title V sources qualify as 502(b)(10) changes. See Finding 5.3.
Recommendation: To ensure permitting staff accurately categorize title V permit actions, the
SDAPCD should document its actions, rationale, and justification for each title V permit action.
The EPA strongly recommends that the SDAPCD consistently review and document whether
submitted 502(b)( 10) changes qualify for this option, including whether such changes are title I
modifications. Since the District is not the PSD permitting authority in San Diego County, the
District should also be coordinating with the EPA on whether new sources or modifications at
existing major sources are subject to the PSD program when conducting this analysis.
2.5 Finding: The SDAPCD generally references the underlying origin and authority for permit
conditions, but often does not reference the origin of New Source Review (NSR) requirements.
Discussion: Each title V permit is required to specify and reference the origin and authority for
each term or condition and identify any difference in form as compared to the applicable
29 See Finding 5.2 in the 2008 Evaluation.
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requirement upon which the term or condition is based.30 In most cases, the origin and
authority for a permit condition can be referenced by citing to the particular rule or regulation.
The District consistently cites a basis for each permit condition; however, its practice of only
citing to "NSR" for NSR requirements is insufficient. It is also unclear whether the District
incorporates requirements from the District's ATC's into the title V permit. Conditions from
ATCs remain federal applicable requirements underthe California SIP regardless of their
inclusion in the PTO.31
For NSR requirements, the authority for the permit condition stems from the SIP-approved NSR
rule. But, because NSR rules likely do not specify the emissions limits and associated
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements to which the source is subject to under
the NSR determination, the origin of the title V permit condition is the actual NSR permit issued
to the source. Thus, requirements stemming from NSR rules, or the PSD program at 40 CFR
52.21, should generally cite the underlying rule or regulation as the authority and the specific
NSR permit action as the origin.
Recommendation: To address this finding, the District must develop a plan to revise its title V
permits to assure that each permit cites the appropriate NSR/PSD permits as part of the origin
and authority for a permit term or condition as required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(l)(i).
2.6 Finding: While the SDAPCD appears to streamline applicable requirements in its title V permits,
the District generally does not provide the necessary streamlining analysis in the statement of
basis.
Discussion: The SDAPCD's title V permits appear to contain streamlined requirements in which
one or more federal/local requirements are subsumed under the most stringent requirement
that applies to an emissions unit. For example, the requirements from the NSPS and the same
or more stringent District rule requirements are sometimes streamlined into a single permit
condition. The District's statement of basis will sometimes state that the streamlined permit
condition is at least as stringent as the subsumed requirements. However, such a blanket
statement does not actually demonstrate that the requirement was accurately streamlined.
Streamlining applicable requirements is an acceptable practice but must be appropriately
documented to assure compliance with all requirements. The EPA most recently provided
guidance on streamlining in 2014 in the EPA's April 30, 2014 memorandum, "Implementation
Guidance on Annual Compliance Certification Reporting and Statement of Basis Requirements
for Title V Operating Permits." The EPA initially provided guidance in our March 5, 1996
guidance document, "White Paper Number 2 for Improved Implementation of The Part 70
Operating Permit Program." 32
30 See 40 CFR 70.6(a)(l)(i).
31 While some ATC requirements not included in the PTO may also not be appropriate for inclusion in the title V permit, this
determination should be documented in the statement of basis.
32 See Appendix C of this report.
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The permit condition should cite to the requirement included in the permit and any subsumed
requirements. In addition, the statement of basis should document how the permit condition
assures compliance with all subsumed requirements.
Recommendation: As required by 40 CFR 70.7(a)(5), if the District wishes to continue its
practice of creating streamlined title V permit conditions, the District must revise its practice by
ensuring the statement of basis provides the legal and factual basis for the permit conditions by
demonstrating that the permit conditions assure compliance with all subsumed requirements.
We further recommend that the District follow the EPA guidance provided above in developing
a process to appropriately streamline applicable requirements.
Finding: The SDAPCD clearly identifies locally enforceable conditions in title V permits.
Discussion: Permit conditions based on state or local rules are only federal applicable
requirements if the rule has been approved by the EPA into the California SIP. Some state and
local rules are only adopted at the local level and have not been, or will not be, approved into
the SIP. State or local rules not approved into the SIP are not federal applicable requirements
under the title V program and are only enforceable at the State or District level. During the file
review, we found that the District's equipment-specific permits to operate were divided into
two main sections: "Federally-Enforceable and District-Enforceable Conditions" and "District-
Only Enforceable Conditions." In creating these sections, the District clearly indicates the
enforceability of all permit conditions.
However, we note that the District's local permits program is part of the California SIP and
permits issued pursuant to these rules are federal applicable requirements (except for certain
requirements, such as state or local air toxics requirements).
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD for identifying which conditions are
federally and locally enforceable in their title V permits. The District should continue this
labelling practice and ensure ATC and PTO requirements remain federal applicable
requirements.
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3. Monitoring
The purpose of this section is to evaluate the permitting authority's procedures for meeting title V
monitoring requirements. Part 70 requires title V permits to include monitoring and related
recordkeeping and reporting requirements. See 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3). Each permit must contain
monitoring and analytical procedures or test methods as required by applicable monitoring and testing
requirements. Where the applicable requirement itself does not require periodic testing or monitoring,
the permitting authority must supplement the permit with periodic monitoring sufficient to yield
reliable data from the relevant time period that is representative of the source's compliance with the
permit. As necessary, permitting authorities must also include in title V permits requirements
concerning the use, maintenance, and, where appropriate, installation of monitoring equipment or
methods.
Title V permits must also contain recordkeeping for required monitoring and must require that each
title V source record all required monitoring data and supporting information and retain such records
for a period of at least five years from the date the monitoring sample, measurement, report, or
application was made. With respect to reporting, permits must include all applicable reporting
requirements and require (1) submittal of reports of any required monitoring at least every six months
and (2) prompt reporting of any deviations from permit requirements. All required reports must be
certified by a responsible official consistent with the requirements of 40 CFR 70.5(d).
In addition to periodic monitoring, permitting authorities are required to evaluate the applicability of
Compliance Assurance Monitoring (CAM), and include CAM provisions and a CAM plan into a title V
permit when applicable. CAM applicability determinations are required either at permit renewal, or
upon the submittal of an application for a significant title V permit modification. CAM regulations
require a source to develop parametric monitoring for certain emissions units with control devices,
which may be required in addition to any periodic monitoring, to assure compliance with applicable
requirements.
3.1 Finding: While the SDAPCD generally reviews CAM applicability, internal guidance needs to be
updated and staff need training.
Discussion: CAM regulations, found at 40 CFR part 64, apply to title V sources with large
emissions units that rely on add-on control devices to comply with applicable requirements.
The underlying principle, as stated in the preamble to our 1997 rulemaking, is "to assure that
the control measures, once installed or otherwise employed, are properly operated and
maintained so that they do not deteriorate to the point where the owner or operator fails to
remain in compliance with applicable requirements."33 Per CAM regulations, sources are
responsible for proposing a CAM plan to the permitting authority that provides a reasonable
assurance of compliance with applicable requirements for pollutant-specific emissions units
with add-on control devices.
33 62 FR 54902, October 22, 1997.
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The District reported that there are currently no facilities in its jurisdiction that are subject to
the CAM rule. In the permits we reviewed, we found that the District generally explains CAM
applicability in its statement of basis. However, CAM applicability can evolve over time as a
source makes changes, and thus its applicability should be confirmed during title V renewals
and significant modifications to ensure ongoing compliance. During our interviews, we found
that permitting staff do not have experience determining CAM applicability. In addition,
internal guidance documents may not interpret CAM applicability requirements correctly, as
the guidance is too generalized to ensure criteria in the CAM rule is followed. For example,
internal guidance appears to incorrectly imply that emissions limits with existing monitoring are
not subject to CAM or that being subject to an emissions standard exempt from CAM means
that other standards for the same pollutant/unit are also exempt from CAM.
Recommendation: The SDAPCD should continue to review CAM requirements as it processes
permit renewals and significant modifications and ensure CAM applicability is consistently
reviewed and discussed in the statement of basis. Additionally, CAM training should be
provided for permitting staff, and the District's internal guidance should be updated to provide
more detailed information for determining applicability based on the criteria in the CAM rule.
Finding: The SDAPCD's title V permits generally contain monitoring that is sufficient to
determine compliance with emissions limits. However, the SDAPCD's statement of basis does
not consistently address periodic monitoring.
Discussion: Our file review confirmed that the SDAPCD's title V permits generally contain
appropriate monitoring provisions. Many of the applicable requirements incorporated into the
District's title V permits already contain sufficient monitoring (such as, NSR permit conditions,
SIP-approved rules, NSPS/NESHAP and use of CEMS for large combustion sources). Source
testing, parametric monitoring of control device operation, and associated recordkeeping are
used to assure compliance with emissions limits. During our file review, we discovered some
permits contained daily emissions limits, but did not appear to contain corresponding daily
monitoring/recordkeeping requirements to assure compliance, or the wording of such limits
was too vague to determine whether the emissions limits were daily limits or a monthly
average.
The SDAPCD does not specifically address in the statement of basis whether additional periodic
monitoring is needed. While many applicable requirements may already contain sufficient
monitoring, the District does not document whether additional periodic monitoring is, or is not,
needed to assure compliance. The EPA has issued guidance that reinforces the need to address
periodic monitoring in the statement of basis. Additionally, an Order responding to a petition to
the EPA to object to the proposed title V permit for the Chevron Products Company in
Richmond, California, dated March 15, 2005, directed the permitting authority to reopen the
permit to include either periodic monitoring requirements to assure compliance with
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regulations or to provide adequate justification in the statement of basis explaining why no
periodic monitoring is required.34
Recommendation: The SDAPCD should continue to ensure that all title V permits have
monitoring sufficient to determine compliance, including ensuring daily emissions limits have
monitoring conducted on at least a daily basis. Additionally, the statement of basis should
evaluate the need for adding periodic monitoring when sufficient monitoring is not specified by
an underlying applicable requirement. We recommend the District develop a plan to
incorporate review of periodic monitoring for each title V facility.
3.3 Finding: The SDAPCD generally includes sufficient recordkeeping requirements as required by
the NSPS and NESHAP regulations.
Discussion: During the EPA's review, we found the SDAPCD generally includes sufficient
recordkeeping requirements as required by the NSPS and NESHAP regulations. A specific and
prevalent exception pertains to recordkeeping for determining compliance with diesel fuel
standards in NSPS Subpart Mil and NESHAP Subpart ZZZZ. The SDAPCD generally does not
include a recordkeeping requirement in its title V permits to ensure sources only purchase EPA-
compliant diesel fuel as required by these standards. Maintaining fuel purchase records is a
standard practice to ensure non-compliant fuels are not entering the market.35 After
completion of our fieldwork, the District subsequently provided an example of this
recordkeeping requirement in a permit.
However, as discussed in Finding 2.2, because the statement of basis does not consistently
document permitting decisions, we found it challenging to determine whether a permit has
incorporated all the applicable monitoring and recordkeeping requirements.36 An applicable
requirement may have more than one compliance method and the statement of basis should
make clear how the SDAPCD determined the appropriate requirements to incorporate. During
our interviews, compliance staff also mentioned they sometimes see enforceability issues in
permits while conducting inspections related to monitoring and recordkeeping. See Finding 6.6.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD for including sufficient recordkeeping
requirements as required by the NSPS and NESHAP regulations. For the exception noted above,
during permit renewals, the District should update their title V permits to require records to
assure that only EPA-compliant diesel fuel has been purchased.
34This document is available in the Title V petition database on the EPA website at
https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/chevron cbe decision2004.pdf.
35 Records that EPA-compliant diesel fuel was purchased ensures that the fuel meets the sulfur content, cetane index, or
aromatic content of 40 CFR 80.510, as required by NSPS Mil and NESHAP ZZZZ.
36 We did, however, find an example where the District incorrectly used the concept of a "replacement unit" to determine
NSPS/NESHAP applicability. The District incorrectly determined that replacement of an existing engine with a new engine
meant that, despite being a new engine, the NSPS did not apply. While the NSR program may have special provisions for
replacement units, those provisions cannot be used to determine NSPS/NESHAP applicability.
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4. Public Participation and Affected State Review
This section examines the SDAPCD procedures used to meet public participation requirements for title
V permit issuance. The federal title V public participation requirements are found in 40 CFR 70.7(h).
Title V public participation procedures apply to initial permit issuance, significant permit modifications,
and permit renewals. The SDAPCD public participation procedures must provide for public notice,
including an opportunity for public comment and public hearing on the draft initial permit, permit
modification, or permit renewal. Draft permit actions must be noticed in a newspaper of general
circulation or a state publication designed to give general public notice; sent to affected states; sent to
persons on a mailing list developed by the permitting authority; sent to those persons that have
requested in writing to be on the mailing list; and provided by other means as necessary to assure
adequate notice to the affected public.
The public notice must, at a minimum: identify the affected source; the name and address of the
permitting authority processing the permit; the activity or activities involved in the permit action; the
emissions change involved in any permit modification; the name, address, and telephone number of a
person from whom interested persons may obtain additional information, including copies of the draft
permit, the application, all relevant supporting materials, and all other materials available to the
permitting authority that are relevant to the permit decision; a brief description of the required
comment procedures; and the time and place of any hearing that may be held, including procedures to
request a hearing. See 40 CFR 70.7(h)(2).
The permitting authority must keep a record of the public comments and of the issues raised during
the public participation process so that the EPA may fulfill its obligation under section 505(b)(2) of the
Act to determine whether a citizen petition may be granted. The public petition process, 40 CFR
70.8(d), allows any person who has objected to permit issuance during the public comment period to
petition the EPA to object to a title V permit if the EPA does not object to the permit in writing as
provided under 40 CFR 70.8(c). Public petitions to object to a title V permit must be submitted to the
EPA within 60 days after the expiration of the EPA 45-day review period. Any petition submitted to the
EPA must be based only on objections that were raised with reasonable specificity during the public
comment period, unless the petitioner demonstrates that it was impracticable to raise such objections
within such period, or unless the grounds for such objection arose after such period.
4.1 Finding: San Diego County contains a significant number of linguistically isolated communities
for which the SDAPCD does not consistently provide translation services as required by 40 CFR
Part 7.35(a).
Discussion: The SDAPCD's jurisdiction includes sources located throughout San Diego County. In
response to California's AB 617 legislation, the District has increased its use of translations and
public outreach in certain communities.37 In addition, the District has created an EJ outreach
position that is designed to carry out the outreach effort to EJ communities. The EPA prepared
37 This effort is known as the Community Air Protection Program. For a description of the District's response to AB 617,
please see https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/communitv/communitv-air-protection-program.html.
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a map of linguistically isolated communities within the SDAPCD's jurisdiction in which title V
permits have been or may be issued (see Appendix D). The EPA's map indicates that there are
numerous populations that are linguistically isolated. These linguistically isolated communities
have a significant population density, and thus the SDAPCD should provide translation services
in those communities during the title V permitting process. Section 502(b)(3)(C)(6) of the Act
and 40 CFR 70.7(h) require a Part 70 program to have adequate procedures for public notice.
Using a map like that found in Appendix D may provide additional opportunities to direct the
SDAPCD's translation efforts.38
Further, please see 40 CFR Part 7.35(a) for additional detail regarding federal grantee
obligations in demonstrating compliance with title 6 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In addition,
see Appendix D of this report that includes a copy of a recent preliminary decision regarding
this topic dated March 30, 2021 from the EPA's External Civil Rights Compliance Office to Carol
S. Cromer, Director, Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
Recommendation: The SDAPCD should provide translation services for linguistically isolated
communities within its jurisdiction. The SDAPCD should consider directing translation efforts by
using mapping tools as appropriate to assure updated information.
4.2 Finding: The SDAPCD provides public notices of its draft title V permitting actions on its
website.
Discussion: A permitting authority's website is a powerful tool to make title V information
available to the general public. Easy access to information that is useful for the public review
process can result in a more informed public and, consequently, provide more meaningful
comments during title V permit public comment periods.
Currently, the SDAPCD posts relevant title V permit information on its website including, but
not limited to, proposed title V permits, statement of basis, public notices, permit appeal
procedures, and general title V information and guidance.
The District website provides general information to the public and regulated community
regarding the SDAPCD permitting program.39The public can find information regarding the
permitting process, whether a permit is needed for an operation, how to obtain a permit,
application forms, and information about related programs that inform the District's permitting
program.
38 The use of the State of California's environmental justice tool CalEnviroScreen may also assist in learning where best to
deploy translation resources.
39 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/permits.html and
https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/permits/equipment-types/titlev.html
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The SDAPCD's website also provides a list of active projects that are in the public comment
period along with the corresponding draft permit, statement of basis, and public notice that
includes information on how to comment electronically or by mail.40
The SDAPCD maintains electronic mailing lists for title V public notices and for notification of
affected states. Members of the public may sign up for the title V public notice mailing list on
the District's website. However, as discussed in Finding 4.1, the District does not currently
translate notices of proposed title V permit actions in languages other than English as required
by 40 CFR Part 7.35(a). As stated in the introduction, the SDAPCD is developing strategies to
enhance public engagement as part of its AB423 commitment.
Finally, in our 2008 Evaluation, we found that the District had been publishing notices of its
proposed permits in a newspaper, of which circulation was almost solely among the business
community. The District has addressed this issue by publishing its notices of proposed permits
in the San Diego Union-Tribune, a newspaper of general circulation.
Recommendation: We encourage the SDAPCD to continue providing information related to
title V permits to the public via their website and notifying affected states and interested
parties of relevant title V permitting actions via District electronic mailing lists. We also
recommend that the District provide all final title V permits to the public on its website. In
addition, the district should provide translations of notices consistent with the discussion in
Finding 4.1.
4.3 Finding: The SDAPCD provides notification regarding the public's right to petition the EPA
Administrator to object to a title V permit.
Discussion: 40 CFR 70.8(d) provides that any person may petition the EPA Administrator, within
60 days of the expiration of the EPA's 45-day review period, to object to the issuance of a title V
permit. The petition must be based only on objections that were raised with reasonable
specificity during the public comment period.41
San Diego County Rule 1425 contains the required information about the public's right to
petition the EPA Administrator to object to a title V permit. In 2008, we made a finding that the
District was not informing the public of their right to petition when public noticing title V
permitting actions.42 In our review of the District's draft permit packages for the last five years,
including the public notice for the permit action, we found that the District did not inform the
public of the right to petition the EPA Administrator to object to a title V permit at the time of
the site visit in March. However, the District has recently updated its practice and in the latest
public notice, from April 21, 2022, there is new language that incorporates the public petition
details.
40 https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/permits/public-notices.html
41 An exception applies when the petitioner demonstrates that it was impracticable to raise those objections during the
public comment period or that the grounds for objection arose after that period.
42 See 2008 Evaluation, Finding 4.5.
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Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD for revising its public notice templates to
inform the public of the right to petition the EPA Administrator to object to the issuance of a
title V permit. The District should have written internal procedures that ensure this remains an
ongoing practice.
4.4 Finding: The SDAPCD's general practice is to conduct a concurrent public and EPA review. If
comments are received during the 30-day public review period, the permit package is re-
proposed to the EPA for a new 45-day review period.
Discussion: Per section 505(b) of the CAA and 40 CFR 70.8, state and local permitting agencies
are required to provide proposed title V permits to the EPA for a 45-day period during which
the EPA may object to permit issuance. The EPA regulations allow the 45-day EPA review period
to occur either following the 30-day public comment period (i.e., sequentially), or at the same
time as the public comment period (i.e., concurrently). When the public and the EPA review
periods occur sequentially, permitting agencies will make the draft permit available for public
comment, and following the close of public comment, provide the proposed permit and
supporting documents to the EPA.43 When the public and the EPA review periods occur
concurrently, a state or local agency will provide the EPA with the draft permit and supporting
documents at the beginning of the public comment period. As specified in 40 CFR 70.8 and per
SDAPCD's internal guidance, if the SDAPCD receives comments from the public during the 30-
day public review period, the 45-day EPA review would be restarted to allow the SDAPCD to
prepare responses to the public comments, and an updated permit and Statement of Basis, if
applicable, to the EPA. As the permit actions reviewed did not contain public comments, the
EPA was unable to confirm this process is being consistently followed at the District. However,
the procedures for concurrent public comment and response to comments are well
documented in internal District guidance and SOPs.
Recommendation: We commend the SDAPCD for having internal guidance that is consistent
with the requirements of the title V program and EPA guidance, and encourage the District
follow its guidance when public comments are received.
4.5 Finding: The SDAPCD has a Business Assistance Program (BAP) to conduct pre-application
meetings with potential sources to help identify the scope of potential permitting projects and
the applicability of regulatory requirements.
Discussion: Under section 507 of the CAA, permitting authorities are required to implement a
small business assistance program to assist small businesses that need title V permits.
43 Per 40 CFR 70.2, "draft permit" is the version of a permit for which the permitting authority offers public participation or
affected State review. Per 40 CFR 70.2, "proposed permit" is the version of a permit that the permitting authority proposes
to issue and forwards to the EPA for review. In many cases these versions will be identical; however, in instances where the
permitting agency makes edits or modifications as a result of public comments, there may be material differences between
the draft and proposed permit.
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During this evaluation, we found that the District has a full BAP to provide assistance to
business owners and operators, small and large, in determining which county, state, and
federal requirements are applicable. The assistance includes coverage of title V small
businesses.
During the interviews, the BAP staff stated that they help small businesses draft permit
applications and review permits to ensure permit records adequately represent the source. This
helps the Permitting staff process permit applications in a timely fashion. The BAP staff also
assist small businesses with compliance demonstrations by conducting mock on-site inspections
and by reviewing the source's draft Annual Emissions Reports to ensure they are adequate
before the reports are submitted to the Compliance and Enforcement Section.
Additionally, the BAP staff helps small businesses with pollution prevention by providing
guidance on control technologies. For example, they help gas stations understand the benefits
of Stage II vapor controls. The District has a BAP website where they describe who they are and
provide forms, calculation sheets, and other information to aid businesses developing permit
applications. Furthermore, the website has a notification feature available for small businesses
in case they want to be made aware when new content is posted on the BAP website.44
Discussions with the BAP staff also indicated that work related to title V sources is tracked so
that time spent working with these sources is appropriately accounted for in tracking title V
fees and revenue.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the District for its efforts to provide assistance to small
businesses and recommends the District continue supporting small businesses by providing
these services through its BAP.
4.6 Finding: The SDAPCD notifies tribes of title V permitting actions.
Discussion: During our 2008 Evaluation, we did not find evidence that the District notified any
tribes in San Diego County regarding title V permit actions. During this evaluation, we found
that this issue has been resolved as the District provides notifications to all tribes in San Diego
County. Of the 18 Indian reservations in San Diego County, two tribes have been approved by
the EPA to be treated in the same manner as a neighboring state for the purpose of "affected
state" notification under section 505(a)(2) of the CAA. 45 Regardless of the affected state status,
the EPA believes that state and local air agencies should notify tribal governments when taking
significant actions that may affect their air quality.
Recommendation: We commend the SDAPCD for notifying tribes and affected states.
44 See https://www.sdapcd.org/content/sdapcd/compliance/business-assistance.html.
45 Additionally, the EPA maintains a map on its website of tribes in Region 9 that have received treatment as a state status
for purposes of section 505(a)(2) of the CAA: https://www.epa.gov/caa-permitting/affected-states-notifications-region-9.
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5. Permit Issuance / Revision / Renewal
This section focuses on the permitting authority's progress in issuing initial title V permits and the
District's ability to issue timely permit renewals and revisions consistent with the regulatory
requirements for permit processing and issuance. Part 70 sets deadlines for permitting authorities to
issue each type of title V permit. The EPA, as an oversight agency, is charged with ensuring that these
deadlines are met as well as ensuring that permits are issued consistent with title V requirements. Part
70 describes the required title V program procedures for permit issuance, revision, and renewal of title
V permits. Specifically, 40 CFR 70.7 requires that a permitting authority take final action on each permit
application within 18 months after receipt of a complete permit application, except that action must
be taken on an application for a minor modification within 90 days after receipt of a complete permit
application.46
5.1 Finding: The SDAPCD does not consistently process title V actions in a timely manner, resulting
in a permitting backlog.
Discussion: The District does not consistently process permitting applications in a timely
manner, mainly due to resource constraints and competing priorities. At the time of our
evaluation, the SDAPCD had 28 title V sources and two synthetic minor sources.47 Of these 28
sources, the District indicated 75% of sources have a pending renewal application. During the
interviews, many expressed time constraints on permit issuance for both local permits and title
V permits. Based on the documentation the District provided, there were several permit
applications that have not been processed before the 18-month deadline as required by 40 CFR
70.7. In the last 5 years, about 40% of the title V applications received by the SDAPCD have had
processing times in excess of 18 months. In addition to exceeding statutory permitting
deadlines, delays create issues for the Compliance Division. See Finding 6.1. During interviews,
District staff were confident that once the resources issue is addressed, the permitting backlog
will no longer be an issue.
Recommendation: The EPA acknowledges that the SDAPCD is currently in transition and more
engineers are now being trained and assigned to process title V permit actions. The District
should develop a plan of action for reducing its title V renewal application backlog, as well as to
process the new title V applications that the District will expect to receive as a result of their
new Ozone Non-attainment area classification (See Section 7 of this report for additional
discussion on the District's resources).
5.2 Finding: The SDAPCD routinely submits proposed and final permit actions to the EPA.
Discussion: 40 CFR 70.8(a)(1) and the SDAPCD's EPA-approved title V program require that
proposed and final permits be sent to the EPA.
46 See 40 CFR 70.7(a)(2) and 70.7(e)(2)(iv).
47 See Finding 2.4 of this report for more discussion on the SDPACD's major source determination and Finding 5.4 for more
discussion on the SDAPCD's synthetic minor sources.
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During our review of recent actions, the EPA found that the SDAPCD routinely submits copies of
both proposed and final title V permit actions to the EPA via the EPA Central Data Exchange's
Electronic Permit System (EPS). The EPA oversight team receives the SDAPCD's permitting
notices. These notices generally include the notice of proposed action, the proposed permit,
and the proposed technical support document. However, during our internal file review, we
found several instances where a copy of the statement of basis or technical support document
for minor permit modifications was not included in the submitted permit package (see Finding
2.4).
Additionally, we could not find a requirement in the SDAPCD's title V rules (District Regulation
XIV) that ensures a statement of basis is developed and provided during the public comment
period and the EPA's 45-day review period. In 2020, the EPA revised the Part 70 program at 40
CFR 70.7 and 70.8 to make clear that the statement of basis must be made available to the
public and the EPA.48
Recommendation: The EPA commends the District for submitting its proposed and final permit
actions to the EPA for review. The District should also ensure its proposed permits include a
statement of basis, consistent with 40 CFR 70.7 and 70.8, and should update its title V rules for
consistency with these requirements.
5.3 Finding: The SDAPCD has authority to use parallel processing to streamline the issuance of
modified NSR and title V permits. However, it is not clear that this processing method is
correctly utilized.
Discussion: EPA guidance and regulations allow sources to simultaneously apply for, and
permitting authorities to process, revisions to NSR and title V permits.49 Under this option,
often referred to as "enhanced NSR," NSR permit modifications are subject to the procedural
requirements of the Part 70 program, including a 45-day EPA review period and a 60-day
petition period that allows citizens to petition the Administrator to object to permit issuance.
After the NSR permit has been issued, and the project has been completed, the permitting
authority revises the title V permit to add (or delete) the new or revised NSR conditions via an
administrative amendment. The benefits of consolidating the NSR and title V permitting
processes include reduced permit processing time and the opportunity for the EPA to review
NSR permit actions.
The District appears to understand the enhanced NSR process, dedicating a section of their
Engineering Division Manual of Operating Procedures to Enhanced Authority to Construct
(Appendix H). The EPA supports this practice; however, our file review did not find evidence
that SDAPCD was implementing enhanced NSR. Specifically, we did not find any examples of an
48 See https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/02/05/2020-01099/revisions-to-the-petition-provisions-of-the-
title-v-permitting-program.
49 See 40 CFR 70.7(d)(l)(v) and Appendix C: White Paper for Streamlined Development of Part 70 Permit Applications, July
10, 1995; 11/7/95 letter from Lydia Wegman, OAQPS, to William Becker, STAPPA/ALAPCO; Title V Implementation Q & A,
Region 9, December 1995.
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administrative amendment that incorporated NSR permit conditions into a title V permit.
Instead, the documentation shows that the District routinely incorporates new or revised NSR
permit requirements into title V permits when a title V permit renewal is issued rather than
making administrative revisions at the time of the permit action. Thus, it appears that the
District may incorrectly be allowing 502(b)( 10) changes to be used instead of documenting
enhanced NSR practices. However, as noted in finding 2.4, since there is a lack of
documentation regarding 502(b)(10) decisions, the EPA is unable to determine if that is the
case, or if the District is just not completing their enhanced NSR process at the time of the
permit action.
Recommendation: To address this finding, the District must ensure that the applicable
permitting procedures required by the Part 70 program are followed. We recommend the
District review the Part 70 program requirements related to enhanced NSR and 502(b)(10)
changes and develop a plan to address this finding.
5.4 Finding: The District does not evaluate the potential emissions from sources without title V
permits to determine if they are major sources or whether such sources need synthetic limits to
avoid title V applicability or other CAA requirements.
Discussion: A source may accept a voluntary limit (also known as a "synthetic minor" limit) to
maintain its Potential to Emit (PTE) below an applicable major source threshold and thereby
avoid major NSR permit requirements and/or the need for a title V permit. Sources establish
such a limit by obtaining a synthetic minor permit containing practically enforceable emissions
limitations from the permitting authority.
According to EPA guidance, synthetic minor limits must be enforceable as a practical matter,
meaning they are both legally and practicably enforceable. Additionally, for emissions limits in a
permit to be practicably enforceable, the permit provisions must specify: 1) technically-
accurate limitations and the portions of the source subject to such limitations; 2) the time
period for the limitations (emissions limit averaging period); and 3) the method to determine
compliance, including appropriate and practically enforceable monitoring, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements.50
In response to a petition regarding the Hu Honua Bioenergy Facility in Hawaii, the EPA stated
that synthetic minor permits must specify: 1) that all actual emissions at the source are
considered in determining compliance with its synthetic minor limits, including emissions
during startup, shutdown, malfunction or upset; 2) that emissions during startup and shutdown
(as well as emissions during other non-startup/shutdown operating conditions) must be
included in the semi-annual reports or in determining compliance with the emissions limits; and
50 Options for Limiting the Potential to Emit (PTE) of a Stationary Source Under Section 112 and Title V of the Clean Air Act
(Act), John S. Seitz, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (January 25, 1995).
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3) how the source's emissions shall be determined or measured for assessing compliance with
the emissions limits.51
The District does not have a policy for setting synthetic minor limits but has two local rules,
Rules 60.1 and 60.2, that can be used to limit a source's PTE. These rules are available to
sources seeking to avoid major source status through voluntary requirements. However, the
use of these rules appears limited, and the District does not independently determine the
facility-wide PTE of the sources it regulates. Instead, the District determines major source
status based on actual emissions. While using actual emissions was acceptable for avoiding title
V permitting as part of the EPA's 1995 transition policy, that policy expired in 2000.52
Determining whether a stationary source is a major source and subject to the title V program is
based on potential, not actual, emissions.53 We found during the evaluation that District
permitting staff are generally familiar with calculating the PTE of impacted emissions units
when issuing local permits. And the District closely tracks the actual annual emissions of each
facility. However, the District does not calculate or track a facility's PTE on a facility-wide basis.
Because major source status is based on facility-wide potential emissions, it is challenging for
the District to know when an existing minor source becomes a major source or whether a
source's claim of being a minor source is accurate. This is particularly problematic for the
current situation where the District was recently reclassified as Severe nonattainment for the
ozone NAAQS causing the major source threshold in San Diego County for NOx and VOC to drop
to 25 tons per year. Beyond title V applicability, this issue can also have implications in
determining NSR program requirements and requirements for major sources of HAPs. This also
creates potential enforcement risk for any facility relying on actual emissions to not obtain a
title V permit or a major NSR permit.
Recommendation: The SDAPCD must develop a plan for ensuring the District can determine
title V applicability according to the definition for "major source" under 40 CFR 70.2 by
evaluating the facility-wide PTE. For those facilities with a PTE above the major source
threshold that wish to avoid title V permitting, we recommend the District develop internal
guidance for permitting synthetic minor sources consistent with EPA policy, and that permitting
staff take the EPA's online training for Setting Enforceable Potential to Emit Limits in NSR
Permits.54
51 Order Responding to Petitioner's Request that the Administrator Object to Issuance of State Operating Permit Petition No.
IX-2011-1, Gina McCarthy, Administrator (February 7, 2014).
52 See the EPA's December 20,1999 guidance memorandum 'Third Extension of January 25, 1995 Potential to Emit
Transition Policy." https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/4thext.pdf
53 See definition of "Potential to emit" at 40 CFR 70.2.
54 https://airknowledge.gov/SI/PERM203-SI.html
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6. Compliance
This section addresses the SDAPCD practices and procedures for issuing title V permits that ensure
compliance with all applicable requirements. Title V permits must contain sufficient requirements to
allow the permitting authority, the EPA, and the general public to adequately determine whether the
permittee is in compliance with all applicable requirements.
Compliance is a central priority for the title V permit program. Compliance assures a level playing field
and prevents a permittee from gaining an unfair economic advantage over its competitors who comply
with the law. Adequate conditions in a title V permit that assure compliance with all applicable
requirements also result in greater confidence in the permitting authority's title V program within both
the general public and the regulated community.
6.1 Finding: The District performs Full Compliance Evaluations (FCEs) of all title V sources on a
schedule consistent with its negotiated compliance monitoring strategy (CMS).
Discussion: The EPA's 2016 Clean Air Act Stationary Source Compliance Monitoring Strategy55
recommends that permitting authorities perform FCEs for most title V sources at least every
other year. For the vast majority of title V sources, the EPA expects that the permitting
authority will perform an on-site inspection to determine the source's compliance status as part
of the FCE. In addition to weekly routine inspections, the SDAPCD has established its inspection
priority, giving emphasis to sources receiving ongoing public complaints, sources with issues of
continued non-compliance, and sources that need follow-up due to a Notice of Violation
(NOV).56 During interviews, District inspectors indicated that quarterly compliance evaluations
and annual full inspections are conducted for all permitted equipment. However, District
inspectors also indicated that the effectiveness of the inspection schedule may be
compromised due to delays in processing open permit applications.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the District's ongoing efforts to perform FCEs of all title
V sources annually.
6.2 Finding: The District's Compliance Division reviews all title V deviation reports, annual
compliance certifications, and semiannual monitoring reports submitted by Part 70 sources.
Discussion: During interviews, the District's compliance staff indicated that all deviation
reports, quarterly monitoring reports, and compliance certifications that sources submit to the
agency are reviewed by inspectors. Supervisors and the Chief of Compliance Division review
reports as necessary. The SDAPCD tracks these reports through their internal database and
reviews these records through their compliance staff and supervisors. If NOVs are warranted
after reviewing a report, the inspectors are required to discuss the documented deficiency with
55 This document is available at: https://www.epa.gov/compliance/clean-air-act-stationarv-source-compliance-monitoring-
strategy.
56 See Inspection Practices and Priorities, SDAPCD Compliance Division Policy and Procedures Manual, Policy number 2.1,
effective date September 1,1998, revised on July 25, 2016.
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the facility prior to issuing the NOV, to explain the nature of the violation, and advise the site to
respond to NOVs timely with the actions needed to return to compliance or prevent future
violations prior. Compliance supervisors will review the violation and associated report and are
responsible for approving NOVs.
In addition, engineering staff indicated that deviation reports and compliance certifications are
typically not routinely reviewed during permit processing. For example, reviewing these
documents as part of the title V permit renewal process could indicate a need to increase
testing frequency or require different monitoring that would ensure compliance.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD's efforts in reviewing and tracking all
deviation reports, quarterly monitoring reports, and compliance certifications. We encourage
the SDAPCD to coordinate the outcomes of compliance issues with permitting staff. See Finding
6.6.
6.3 Finding: When potential compliance issues are discovered, the District addresses them prior to
permit issuance. However, the District's statement of basis could be improved to include
compliance history.
Discussion: The Part 70 program requires that each title V permit contain a schedule of
compliance if necessary.57 This includes ensuring title V permits contain requirements that
ensure sources comply with requirements that have future compliance dates and ensure that
title V permits contain enforceable milestones leading to compliance for those requirements for
which the source is not in compliance. Based on interview responses, the District has not
recently issued permits with compliance schedules. Instead, compliance staff will generate a
citation report, which is sent to the District's Civil Actions Investigator to determine the
corresponding penalty. Pending permit applications are not processed until a facility comes
back into compliance. This practice does not appear to significantly affect or delay the issuance
of permits.
Recommendation: We recommend the compliance section in the District's statement of basis
be improved to include the source's compliance history and the actions being taken to address
compliance issues, as applicable.
6.4 Finding: The District uses title V compliance certifications and semiannual monitoring reports to
prioritize inspections and initiate enforcement actions.
Discussion: Similar to our 2008 Evaluation, the District continues to prioritize inspections and
initiate enforcement actions by using title V compliance certifications and semiannual
monitoring reports.58 The District's Compliance Division has a policy for reviewing annual
compliance certifications and semiannual monitoring reports (which include deviation
57 See 40 CFR 70.6(c)(3) and 70.5(c)(8).
58 See 2008 Evaluation, Finding 6.1.
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reports).59The District uses these title V compliance reports as well as past violations, recent
applications and activities to prioritize and target inspections. Interviewees stated that they
review these reports for compliance issues. They also review the facility's compliance history,
including recent inspections, breakdowns, exceedances, or violations, if any. The District uses
this information to prioritize inspections.
The District has also initiated enforcement actions at title V facilities based on information from
compliance certifications and semiannual monitoring reports. In one example, the District
issued an NOV for a violation identified in a title V report. The violations were related to time
periods when the facility failed to maintain NOx and O2 CEMS per Appendix B of 40 CFR Part 75.
Since the violations were short-term (i.e., not ongoing) and the facility was not out of
compliance at the time of permit issuance, a schedule of compliance was not required.60
Interviewees were generally knowledgeable about the procedures for reviewing title V
compliance reports and were aware of the District's policy for title V report reviewing process,
for issuing a NOV and/or a Notice to Comply (NTC).
Recommendation: The EPA encourages the District to maintain its practice of using title V
compliance reports to prioritize and target inspections and to continue implementing its policy
for reviewing these reports.
6.5 Finding: Compliance staff have the necessary equipment to perform their job duties but find
the procurement process for new equipment to be slow.
Discussion: During interviews, members of the Compliance Division stated that they have
sufficient tools and safety equipment to perform inspections, including hard hats, safety
glasses, safety vests, and an annual voucher for safety shoes. At the same time, employees also
expressed the need for new monitoring equipment as existing equipment, including Thermo
Fisher Scientific analyzers, are experiencing a loss in functionality due to age. Though the
process for equipment repairs and purchases have been initiated, they have been slow.
Compliance staff also mentioned that they could have been supplied with better personal
protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recommendation: The EPA recommends that the District review its equipment needs and plan
in advance for the replacement of old and outdated equipment to expedite the procurement
process.
6.6 Finding: While the SDAPCD has a process in their internal database for compliance staff to
request changes to title V permits, it is unclear if it is being used consistently.
59 See Review of Title VSemiannual and Annual Reports, SDAPCD Compliance Division Policy and Procedures Manual, Policy
number 3.13, effective date April 4, 2002, revised in August 2018.
60 A schedule of compliance is required for Title V sources that are not in compliance with all applicable requirements at the
time of permit issuance. (See 40 CFR 70.5(c)(8)(iii)(C).)
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Discussion: In our 2008 Evaluation, we found that the SDAPCD did not have a clear track record
of utilizing the District's internal Request for Change of Permit Conditions form to make
corrections to title V permits, and that the decisions made by the Engineering Division on such
requests were seldom communicated back to the Compliance Division. The District has since
developed a policy for the use of such request forms. Under the Division policy, compliance
staff are expected to review all permit conditions during the annual inspection and submit a
Request for Change of Permit Conditions form to the Division Chief if a site-specific permit
condition is found to not be clear, enforceable, or consistent with existing rules and/or other
applicable requirements. The Division Chief is responsible for keeping the inspector and their
supervisor informed of any decision.61 For issues identified across multiple permits, the policy
states these issues should be forwarded to the District's Permit Streamlining Committee for
evaluation. However, the District noted that the Permit Streamlining Committee has not existed
for a very long time. The District should consider updating its SOP or restarting the Committee.
During interviews, inspectors said they have used the request change forms in the District's
database system to request changes to the title V permits. Interviewees expressed concern
about the length of time it takes for changes identified to be made and about the Engineering
Division's lack of action on some requests. Compliance staff noted that some permits were not
updated in a timely manner to make the permit conditions enforceable. In some cases, this
resulted in NOVs being issued that compliance staff believe would have been unnecessary if the
permit had included monitoring and recordkeeping that facilitated compliance with the
requirements in the permit.
While the Permit Change Request process appears to be a good mechanism for inspectors to
request correction of obvious errors, or minor administrative changes, compliance staff may
have stopped using the process based on historical lack of response from the Engineering
Division.
Recommendation: Engineering and Compliance Divisions should agree on a realistic Permit
Change Request process, including the types of changes that should be made and the
appropriate timeframe for doing so, so that both Divisions can work together to ensure
enforceable permits. The District should consider updating its SOP or restarting the Permit
Streamlining Committee.
61 See How to Submit Permit Change Requests, SDAPCD Compliance Division Policy and Procedures Manual, Policy number
2.18, effective date February 17, 2016, revised in July 2017.
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7. Resources and Internal Management
The purpose of this section is to evaluate how the permitting authority is administering its title V
program. With respect to title V administration, the EPA's program evaluation: (1) focused on the
permitting authority's progress toward issuing all initial title V permits and the permitting authority's
goals for issuing timely title V permit modifications and renewals; (2) identified organizational issues
and problems; (3) examined the permitting authority's fee structure, how fees are tracked, and how
fee revenue is used; and (4) looked at the permitting authority's capability of having sufficient staff and
resources to implement its title V program.
An important part of each permitting authority's title V program is to ensure that the permit program
has the resources necessary to develop and administer the program effectively. A key requirement of
the Part 70 program is that the permitting authority establish an adequate fee program to ensure that
(1) title V fees are adequate to cover title V permit program costs, and (2) are used solely to cover the
permit program costs. Regulations concerning the fee program and the appropriate criteria for
determining the adequacy of such programs are set forth in 40 CFR 70.9.
7.1 Finding: The SDAPCD staff report that they receive effective legal support from the District
Counsel's office.
Discussion: In our 2008 Evaluation,62 we stated that the SDAPCD staff receive expert,
knowledgeable, and experienced legal support. Since then, the District Counsel in place during
our 2008 Evaluation retired and another District Counsel was hired with equally effective
results. However, as a result of the recent change in leadership, the District, at the time of our
site visit, was in the process of hiring a new District Counsel. At the time of our final report, the
SDAPCD hired a new District Counsel with extensive experience in air quality programs. The
District's legal support is currently in transition but given the record of effective legal support
for the title V program and District management's understanding of the importance of this
function, the EPA expects that District staff will continue to receive effective legal support for
the District's title V program.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD on hiring a new District Counsel with
extensive experience in air quality programs. The SDAPCD should continue to ensure that it
receives effective legal support for the Part 70 program.
7.2 Finding: The District tracks title V program expenses and revenue and those funds are spent
solely to support the title V program.
Discussion: The Part 70 regulations require that permit programs ensure that the collected title
V fees are adequate to cover title V permit program costs and are used solely to cover the
permit program's costs.63 In our 2008 Evaluation, the EPA did not closely review title V fee
62 2008 Evaluation, Finding 7.2.
63 See 40 CFR 70.9(a).
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accounting as the District's program at the time was not experiencing any staff shortages, nor
delays in its permit processing times. In this more recent effort, the SDAPCD provided
accounting data for the prior 3 years. As noted elsewhere in this report, prior to the title V
program, the SDAPCD was already implementing its own permitting program. When the Part 70
requirements took effect, the SDAPCD treated the Part 70 requirements as an overlay to the
existing SDAPCD permitting program. As a result of this approach, the SDAPCD treated the
revenue and expenses associated with the Part 70 program as supplemental to the revenue and
expenses associated with the existing local permitting program. Thus, the combination of their
base permitting program and the additional Part 70 requirements that apply to title V sources
result in the full program as implemented by the SDAPCD. Using an approach based on full cost
recovery, the SDAPCD ensures that it collects fees for its base permitting program and the
supplemental title V costs (including overhead, compliance costs, etc.) that match the expenses
used for implementing the supplemental title V program requirements. See Appendix F for
details regarding their accounting approach.
As discussed in Findings 5.1 and 7.6, the District has a title V permitting backlog and is
experiencing difficulty retaining permitting and compliance staff. Further, Finding 2.4 discusses
that the District's lack of documentation for processing changes as 502(b)(10) changes. While
the District's accounting approach is consistent with the Part 70 program requirements, it is not
clear whether those fees will be sufficient going forward to fully administer the program.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD for their approach to accounting for both
revenue and expenses for the implementation of the title V program. During the evaluation, the
EPA provided the SDAPCD with the most recent EPA policy on title V funding (see appendix E).
We recommend the SDAPCD review the policy to assure their fee program continues to be
consistent with EPA title V fee policy and that fees will be sufficient going forward.
7.3 Finding: The District permitting and compliance management communicate well and meet
routinely to discuss programmatic issues. However, the results of these discussions are not
clearly and consistently communicated to compliance staff and has resulted in uncertainty
regarding outcomes of issue resolution among compliance staff.
Discussion: In our 2008 Evaluation, we found that permitting decisions were not always clearly
communicated among the SDAPCD's engineering and compliance staff.64 During this evaluation,
we found the lack of communication and coordination at the staff level persists. The SDAPCD's
compliance and engineering management continue to hold routine meetings to discuss
permitting and compliance issues; however, such meetings are not held regularly at the staff
level. Although the District's permitting staff indicated that draft permits for unique sources are
sent to Compliance for review, the District's compliance staff indicated that draft permits are
rarely sent to the Compliance Division for review prior to the public comment period.65
64 See 2008 Evaluation, Finding 7.1.
65 See Finding 6.6 of this report for more discussion on compliance permit feedback process.
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Permitting staff, as a practical matter, should be accessible to the compliance staff for
consultation on practical enforceability, applicability determinations, and compliance
determinations. Having a systematic process, especially in cases that involve more than one
group within the District, would reduce the time necessary to resolve complex issues and
minimize potential delays in permit issuance or in appropriate enforcement action.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD's effort to maintain good communication
between permitting and compliance management. However, we encourage the SDAPCD to
promote increased communication and cooperation between permitting and compliance staff,
and to explore ways to improve permitting decisions among SDAPCD's engineering and
compliance staff.
7.4 Finding: The District lacks a training plan for its permitting and compliance staff.
Discussion: In the past, the District assigned one permit engineer to prepare all of its title V
permits. During this evaluation, the EPA noted that the District's current approach is to
distribute the title V workload among multiple permit engineers. The District's current
approach addresses the issue of a significant loss of institutional knowledge when a single
permitting engineer leaves. The District's title V permitting program is experiencing staffing
challenges associated with the varying levels of experience among the permitting staff as they
move to a more distributed workload approach to processing permits. In addition, we identified
several substantive issues related to permit preparation and content indicating a need for
further title V training in order to prepare more effective permits (See Section 2). In interviews,
staff identified title V training, primarily focusing on permit writing and inspections, as
something that would improve the District's title V program. District staff specifically suggested
training on federal regulations (NESHAPs and NSPS), would improve staff's familiarity with
regulatory requirements and help permit writers identify how best to incorporate these
requirements into title V permits. The EPA has separately identified training needs related to
CAM and other critical program elements and policies.
For Compliance, it appears that the amount and content of trainings for inspectors varies from
supervisor to supervisor, and that the Compliance Division has no formal training plan, training
material, or standardized procedure. Training is heavily focused on shadowing experienced
inspectors in the field. Staff and managers acknowledged that they would likely benefit from
standardized training.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD for distributing title V work to more than
one permit engineer. The District should identify core training needs and develop a curriculum
that title V program staff, both permitting and compliance, should complete to enhance title V
program understanding and improve permit writing and compliance determinations.66
66 In other title V program evaluations, the EPA has found good examples of the type of training and curriculum that the
District may find most useful. For example, see Finding 7.4 on pages 33 and 34 of the EPA's "Bay Area Air Quality
Management District title V Operating Permit Program Evaluation Final Report September 29, 2009", which is available on
the EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-07/documents/bavarea-final-report9-29-09.pdf.
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Regulatory updates sent by EPA Region 9 can also be shared with staff as it contains relevant
updates to NSPS and NESHAP requirements and can be used as reference material for finding
relevant information on the EPA's website.67 Additionally, the District should encourage staff to
network with staff from other agencies by allowing them to participate in other learning
opportunities such as conferences, workshops and online trainings/webinars.
7.5 Finding: Permitting staff demonstrated a general lack of knowledge on environmental justice
(EJ) related to permitting and would like the EPA to provide training on this issue.
Discussion: As noted in the 2008 Evaluation, the District's permitting staff is generally not
familiar with EJ issues and how these issues may arise in a permitting context.68 As a result,
there is uncertainty about tools that may help them address EJ issues and inform the public
more effectively of permitting actions. In the EPA's prior evaluation, the EPA committed to
providing EJ training but was unable to do so given resource constraints at the time. However,
in January 2022, the EPA held a two-day training for Region 9 permit writers on EPA's EJScreen
tool and provided case studies from across Region 9 for implementing EJ in permitting.
One of the tools available to help anticipate where EJ issues may arise with permitting actions is
the EPA's EJScreen tool. This tool can be used to prepare maps that highlight specific
demographic data for use in focusing outreach, for example. The EPA suggests that the District
examine the maps provided in the appendices to this report (including the linguistic isolation
map - see Appendix D) to familiarize staff with the EJScreen tool and its capabilities in
identifying communities where additional outreach on permitting actions may be warranted.69
Recommendation: We recommend the District permitting and compliance staff coordinate
with the District's new OEJ to assist with EJ considerations in permitting. The EPA will continue
to share new information related to EJ in permitting as it becomes available.
7.6 Finding: The SDAPCD faces staffing challenges, one of the symptoms of which is a permitting
backlog, that, with its recent reclassification to a higher nonattainment status, will create
additional resource demands on its title V permitting process.
Discussion: The results of our interviews suggest that the District should focus on succession
planning to better prepare for the event that staff leave the District. The recent reclassification
of the County to a higher nonattainment classification will result in additional facilities being
subject to title V permitting requirements. The EPA notes that after our field work was
completed, the District shared with us a compensation analysis that was recently conducted for
67 For example, recent updates provide a link to the federal government's new "eCFR" website that can be used to compare
versions of federal regulations to see what has recently changed. This feature can be helpful when working on a title V
renewal action.
68 See, e.g, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/ei-permitting-faqs-4.29.pdf.
69 For an overview of the EJScreen tool, please see https://www.epa.gov/eiscreen . For learning resources on EJScreen,
please see https://www.epa.gov/eiscreen/learn-use-eiscreen . CalEnviroScreen, a similar tool available in California, would
provide similar information.
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the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) (Titled Base Salary Compensation Study, by
Koff & Associates, dated September 29, 2021, independently from SEIU and the County of San
Diego, see Appendix K). As a result of this analysis, the County approved a compensation
change for the covered job classifications discussed above in June 2022. In addition, the
SDAPCD, like other agencies, experienced high turnover as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic,
increasing the number of existing vacancies.
Impacts of high staff turnover rate include: (1) a workload situation in which certain key title V
program tasks are or may not be completed in the timeframe required by District rules and the
Part 70 program (see Finding 5.1 regarding the SDAPCD's permitting backlog), and (2) a lack of
institutional knowledge at the staff level within the District's permitting and compliance
programs, and (3) a lack of adequate resources necessary to complete both existing and new
workloads. These impacts will likely be amplified by the County's transition to a higher
nonattainment classification.
Recommendation: Staff turnover can erode an agency's institutional knowledge, which can
create delays in the issuance of title V permits and lead to inconsistent permitting
determinations.70 Based on discussions with the District and the recent compensation analysis
and compensation changes, a next step to address staffing challenges should include a review
of the present permitting program workload and an analysis of the upcoming workload change
associated with the change in the nonattainment classification in order to ensure that the
permitting program can operate effectively and efficiently with adequate staffing.
70 In the EPA's 2008 Evaluation, we noted that the District had considerable experience in its title V program (see findings
2.2 and 7.3 of our 2008 Evaluation).
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8. Records Management
This section examines the system the SDAPCD has in place for storing, maintaining, and managing title
V permit files. The CAA provides that certain documents created pursuant to the title V permitting
program, including the permit application, be made available to the public but also allows some
protections for confidential information.71 The SDAPCD has a responsibility to the public in ensuring
that title V public records are complete and accessible.
In addition, the SDAPCD must keep title V records for the purposes of having the information available
upon the EPA's request. 40 CFR 70.4(j)(l) states that any information obtained or used in the
administration of a State program shall be available to the EPA upon request without restriction and in
a form specified by the Administrator.
The minimum Part 70 record retention period for permit applications, proposed permits, and final
permits is five years in accordance with 40 CFR 70.8(a)(1) and (a)(3). However, in practical application,
permitting authorities have often found that discarding title V files after five years is problematic in the
long term.
8.1 Finding: The SDAPCD has successfully converted all permitting hard copy files to electronic files
and stores historical physical title V permit files in a central records center.
Discussion: According to the SDAPCD, they have digitized all their files and any physical files are
archived in a separate records center. During our site visit, most interviewees stated that they
do not normally use any hard copies, and if they do, it is due to personal preference. This
conversion helped greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD on its conversion to all electronic files.
8.2 Finding: The SDAPCD has improved its written file retention policy. However, most staff
interviewed are not aware of the District's record retention schedules.
Discussion: Similar to our 2008 Evaluation, the SDAPCD has a written file retention policy for
retaining, managing, and disposing of official records; however, most staff are not aware of the
District's record retention schedules.72 Previously, for permit-related records, the District's
records retention schedule required that permit files, including title V permit files, be retained
for a total of nine years—two years after completion of a project at the District's office (onsite)
71 This protection, however, is not absolute as the types of information that may be treated as confidential, and therefore
withheld from the public, is limited. Specifically, "[t]he contents of a permit shall not be entitled to [confidential] protection
under section 7414(c) of this title." CAA section 503(e), referring to section 114(c) of the CAA which provides protection of
certain confidential trade secret information - but not emissions data - from disclosure. In addition to the title V program
requirements, confidentiality is also addressed in the EPA's regulations governing the disclosure of records under the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Pursuant to those requirements, information which is considered emissions data,
standards or limitations are also not entitled to confidential treatment. See In the Matter of ExxonMobil Corporation,
Baytown Refinery, Order on Petition No. VI-2016-14 (April 2, 2018) (Baytown Order).
72 2008 Evaluation, Finding 9.2.
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and seven years off-site. The schedule did not specifically address the retention time for title V-
related compliance records, which include compliance certifications, deviation reports and
semiannual monitoring reports. While the District's record retention schedule contained a
general section on compliance and enforcement documents, the schedule only required that
the District retain these documents for up to three years. With the current file retention
policy,73 title V documents are maintained while a permit is still active and then an additional
five years after the permit is terminated. The title V compliance files are also now explicitly
listed with a retention time frame of five years.
Recommendation: The EPA commends the SDAPCD on having a written file retention policy
that complies with the federal regulation. We recommend that the District provide training to
staff on its records management policies.
8.3 Finding: The SDAPCD uses an electronic database to track title V permits and continues to make
database improvements.
Since our 2008 Evaluation, the SDAPCD has replaced its previous permitting database, VAX, to a
web-based Business Case Management System (BCMS). Generally, most District staff believe it
is an improvement from VAX and that it is good at both storing electronic communications and
tracking information. For example, final permitting documents, public comments, and email
exchanges relating to the permit are captured in the database. The BCMS can track compliance
reports and violations, generate site history and productivity reports for inspectors, and create
a priority list of inspections each quarter. The system also currently stores annual/semi-annual
reports, generates site history report, and generates priority list of inspection on quarterly
basis. The system can also generate a report of pending applications and track application
deadlines.
The BCMS was not originally designed for the title V program. For instance, BCMS can generate
a report of all title V applications but cannot distinguish between different types of title V
applications. Further, the BCMS does not currently track synthetic minor74 and title V sources
explicitly. When the EPA requested data on the processing times for the District's title V
permits, the SDAPCD had to wait three weeks to get that query created due to other workload
priorities. However, after the query was created, the turnaround time for similar processing
time requests was significantly shortened. The District continues to work with developers to
upgrade the permit and compliance report generation capabilities.
As mentioned in Finding 2.3, the BCMS stores permit conditions used in permits to help with
consistency from permit to permit. However, if modifications are made to a condition stored in
the database, a new template condition is generated in the database and sometimes it is
difficult to track which template condition to use. When the template permit condition is
73 Appendix G - Record Retention Schedule.
74 See Finding 5.4 of this report. Actual emissions of individual equipment are recorded as the PTE, and facility-wide PTE is
not tracked.
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updated, it also does not universally update all the permit conditions where the template was
used, the District has to manually update each permit that contains that template condition.
Generally, District staff suggested that even though the BCMS is workable, it is generally slow,
not very effective, and information can be difficult to retrieve sometimes. The BCMS has limited
workflow tracking capabilities and ability to track fees and calculations. There's currently no
streamlined process that moves a permit application through different stages of review within
the system.
Recommendation: The EPA encourages the SDAPCD to continue to improve BCMS or explore
other database options to help manage and track its permitting and compliance tasks.
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Appendix A. Air Pollution Control Agencies in California
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Map: California Map for Local Air District Websites
Page 1 of 1
CALIFORNIA MAP FOR LOCAL AIR DISTRICT WEBSITES
The State is divided into Air Pollution Control Districts (APCD) and Air Quality Management Districts (AQMD), which are also called air
districts. These agencies are county or regional governing authorities that have primary responsibility for controlling air pollution from
stationary sources. The following map is for informational purposes and shows the Air District Boundaries. This map can be used to
access local air district websites or an email address for that district if there is no website.
California Air Districts
Local Air District Resource Directory
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA)
Other Maps on this Website
The Board is one of six boards, departments, and offices under
the umbrella of the California Environmental Protection Agency.
Cal/EPA I MB I CIWMB | DPR | DTSC | OEHHA | SWRCB
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Appendix B. Title V Questionnaire and the SDAPCD Responses
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Region 9 - Pacific Southwest
https://www.epa.gov/caa-permitting/caa-permitting-epas-pacific-southwest-region-9
Title V Program Evaluation
Questionnaire
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Contents
A. Title V Permit Preparation and Content 3
B. General Permits (GP) 7
C. Monitoring 8
D. Public Participation and Affected State Review 9
Public Notification Process 9
Public Comments 10
EPA 45-day Review 11
Permittee Comments 12
Public Hearings 12
Availability of Public Information 12
Affected State Review and Review by Indian Tribes 14
E. Permit Issuance / Revision / Renewal 16
Permit Revisions 16
Permit Renewal Or Reopening 17
F. Compliance 19
G. Resources & Internal Management Support 22
Environmental Justice Resources 24
H. Title V Benefits 26
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A.
Title V Permit Preparation and Content
1. For those title V sources with an application on file, do you require the sources to update their applications
in a timely fashion if a significant amount of time has passed between application submittal and the time
you draft the permit? YD NISI
Explanation: The District maintains a permitting database (BCMS) that already contains any updated
information, so there isn't a need to also require the facility to update their application forms. The District
includes any such changes in the statement of basis and proposed permit with an appropriate explanation of
any changes.
a. Do you require a new compliance certification? YD NISI
Explanation: The District has not encountered any recent situations where there were sufficient changes
that warranted an additional compliance certification. However, the District does not rule out requiring one
if a specific case warranted it.
2. Do you verify that the source is in compliance before a permit is issued? YISI ND If so, how?
Explanation: The District conducts periodic inspections of each facility as well as reviewing the operating
conditions relative to the underlying rules. Newly constructed facilities are inspected by a permit engineer
prior to issuance of the operating permit.
a. In cases where a facility is either known to be out of compliance, or may be out of compliance (based on
pending NOVs, a history of multiple NOVs, or other evidence suggesting a possible compliance issue),
how do you evaluate and document whether the permit should contain a compliance schedule? Please
explain and refer to appropriate examples of statements of basis written in 2005 or later in which the
District has addressed the compliance schedule question.
Explanation: The District has not encountered the need for a compliance schedule for the Title V sources in
San Diego County within recent history (current staff is not aware of any such situations in the last ten
years. A more in-depth search of records has not been conducted due to the resources necessary to review
archived records). The District does not require a compliance schedule for minor non-compliance that we
expect to be corrected within reasonable timeframes, and would not withhold issuance of the permit in this
case either. However, if a source was found to be significantly out of compliance, it is likely a compliance
schedule would be required or the permit would not be issued.
3. What have you done over the years to improve your permit writing and processing time?
Promoted training opportunities, ensured that all permit engineers can work on Title V applications, and
formalized procedures on how to issue Title V permits. The Engineering Division also closely work with the
Compliance Division to gain an enforcement perspective when proposing new permit conditions.
4. Do you have a process for quality assuring your permits before issuance? YISI ND Please explain.
Explanation: Each portion of the permit is reviewed by an Engineering Supervisor to ensure that the
requirements are accurate, enforceable, and that the permit contains all applicable requirements. All new
permit conditions are also reviewed by a Compliance Supervisor to ensure they are enforceable. The body
of the Title Vpermit is drafted by an engineer and reviewed by a senior engineer or the engineering chief.
The entire permit is also reviewed by a compliance representative before sending for EPA review and public
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comment. To ensure consistency and accuracy the District also utilizes templates and past examples of
approved permit language to minimize the possibility for errors.
Do you utilize any streamlining strategies in preparing the permit? Please explain.
a. What types of applicable requirements does the District streamline, and how common is streamlining in
District permits?
The District utilizes streamlining extensively and combines eligible requirements from rules including local
prohibitory rules, conditions imposed through NSR, NSPS and NESHAP requirements, and any other
federal or local requirements that are eligible for streamlining. The majority of streamlining occurs during
the initial (non-Title V) review of each operating permit, frequently based on templates or examples ofpast
permits.
b. Do you have any comments on the pros and cons of streamlining multiple overlapping applicable
requirements? Describe.
The benefits of streamlining outweigh the disadvantages in the District's experience. It allows for simplified
permits, and ensures all applicable requirements are incorporated. The only disadvantage in applying the
most stringent requirement is that facilities can challenge the requirement when found in noncompliance
with a streamlined permit term (when they would have complied with one or more of the underlying
requirements if listed separately). However, this disadvantage is mitigated by ensuring the facility is
consulted prior to limits being streamlined. There have not been any situations where streamlining permits
resulted in difficulty enforcing applicable requirements.
What do you believe are the strengths and weaknesses of the format of District permits (i.e. length,
readability, facilitates compliance certifications, etc.)? Why?
The District's permit format includes two separate portions of the permit: the forward section, containing
all requirements specific to Title V including general requirements, and the first Appendix, consisting of the
emission unit specific permits (which are initially drafted, reviewed and issued through the parallel local
permitting program before being integrated into the Title V permit). Each local permit in the Appendix lists
federally enforceable and local only enforceable conditions listed separately. The advantages of this
approach is that it makes clear which requirements apply to the specific emission units, and allows use of
standardized permit language andformat for the forward section, streamlining issuance of the Title V
permit. The disadvantages are that this approach leads to instances of duplicate requirements in the
emission unit specific permits andforward section, and adds a small amount of additional work to process
the two parallel application tracks (local and Title V).
How have the District's statements of basis evolved over the years since the beginning of the Title V
program? Please explain what prompted changes, and comment on whether you believe the changes have
resulted in stronger statements of basis.
The District has seen evolution of the statements of basis over time. In recent history, the statements of basis
have been streamlined, minimizing the amount of review necessary to prepare it. However, based in part on
past EPA comments regarding content of the statements of basis, and contributions from new staff, the
District has recently undertaken an effort to enhance the statements of basis to include more information,
more thoroughly document review process and decisions made, explain monitoring and CAM requirements,
and more clearly focus on highlighting changes to the permits included in the permit action. The District
has implemented these changes and it is in the later phases of fully implementing them. The District expects
these changes to assist EPA and the public in reviewing Title V actions.
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8. Does the statement of basis explain:
a. The rationale for monitoring (whether based on the underlying standard or monitoring added in the
permit)? YIEI N ~
b. Applicability and exemptions, if any? YIEI N ~
c. Streamlining (if applicable)? YIEI N ~
Explanation: In most cases, this discussion occurs during review of the underlying local permit and would
be contained in the engineering evaluation for those specific emission unit specific permits, and this detailed
information would be available upon request.
9. Do you provide training and/or guidance to your permit writers on the content of the statement of basis? YIEI
N ~
a. Do you have written policy or guidance on practical enforceability? YIHI N ~
Explanation: While the District does not specifically identify any guidance for "practical enforceability ",
the Engineering Department's Manual of Procedures (MOP) contains some guidance that addresses
enforceability and drafting ofpermit conditions. The District also utilizes templates for conditions that have
been reviewedfor enforceability, as well as ensuring that these requirements are reviewed both by
Engineering and Compliance Supervisors prior to the permit issuance.
10. Do any of the following affect your ability to issue timely initial title V permits:
(If yes to any of the items below, please explain.)
a. SIP backlog (i.e., EPA approval still pending for proposed SIP revisions) YD N IEI
b. Pending revisions to underlying NSR permits YD N IEI
c. Compliance/enforcement issues YD N IEI
d. EPA rule promulgation pending (MACT, NSPS, etc.) YD N IEI
e. Permit renewals and permit modification (i.e., competing priorities) YM N ~
f. Awaiting EPA guidance YD N IEI
Explanation: The District does currently have a backlog of permit applications and is actively taking steps
to address this issue. In recent past, the District has experienced challenges with staffing resources to
handle competing priorities - specifically the development and implementation of a new emission inventory
program, implementation of the Hot Spots Program and the requirements under AB617 (Community Air
Protection Program) and AB423 (Gloria 2019). Additionally, the Covid-19 pandemic and retirement of
experienced staff have exacerbated the existing backlog.
Steps currently being taken by the District to address the backlog include revising outdated procedures for
permit review to better utilize technology, developing new guidelines and training additional staff to process
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Title Vpermits, and assignment of permit applications across multiple engineers (in the past, most Title V
applications were processed by a single engineer). The District has also added 2 additional positions in the
engineering department to dedicate more resources to the permitting program.
Additionally, the District notes that when resources are impacted, past focus has been on the local
permitting program, which is conducted under SIP approved rules and regulations and results in the
issuance offederally enforceable permits that ensure compliance with all applicable requirements for each
emission unit.
11. Any additional comments on permit preparation or content?
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B. General Permits (GP)
1. Do you issue general permits? Y~ N M
a. If no, go to next section
b. If yes, list the source categories and/or emission units covered by general permits.
2. In your agency, can a title V source be subject to multiple general permits and/or a general permit and a
standard "site-specific" title V permit? YD N ~
a. What percentage of your title V sources have more than one general permit?
3. Do the general permits receive public notice in accordance with 70.7(h)? YD N ~
a. How does the public or regulated community know what general permits have been written? (e.g., are
the general permits posted on a website, available upon request, published somewhere?)
4. Is the 5-year permit expiration date based on the date:
a. The general permit is issued? Y~ N ~
b. You issue the authorization for the source to operate under the general permit? Y~ N ~
5. Any additional comments on general permits?
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C. Monitoring
1. How do you ensure that your operating permits contain adequate monitoring (i.e., the monitoring required in
§§ 70.6(a)(3) and 70.6(c)(1)) if monitoring in the underlying standard is not specified or is not sufficient to
demonstrate compliance?
SDAPCD reviews monitoring requirements at the stage the emission unit specific permits are issued, which
results in the vast majority of emission units having federally enforceable monitoring prior to being
included in the Title V permit. Monitoring is reviewedfor each emission unit and is a standard part of the
review process for all applications to ensure that each requirement has a monitoring and record keeping
mechanism.
a. Have you developed criteria or guidance regarding how monitoring is selected for permits? If yes,
please provide the guidance. YD N IE
While we do not have specific guidance on monitoring, we utilize standard procedures as part of the permit
review process to ensure that proper monitoring is included in the permit. This includes utilizing standard
sets ofpermit conditions that have been found to have adequate monitoring, basing unique monitoring
conditions on comparable standards in prohibitory rules, NSPS, NESHAP or other relevant examples, and a
required review by compliance personnel for each set ofpermit conditions, which focuses on enforceability,
including monitoring requirements.
2. Do you provide training to your permit writers on monitoring? (e.g., periodic and/or sufficiency monitoring;
CAM; monitoring QA/QC procedures including for CEMS; test methods; establishing parameter ranges)
YM N ~
3. How often do you "add" monitoring not required by underlying requirements? Have you seen any effects of
the monitoring in your permits such as better source compliance?
The District frequently adds monitoring, most commonly for emission limits or permit conditions
implemented through local NSR. In these cases, monitoring usually mirrors similar underlying requirements
where monitoring is required. Monitoring likely results in additional non-compliance simply because the
additional requirements for monitoring may lead to more possibilities to not comply with the monitoring
requirement, but may not necessarily translate into emissions exceedances or emission limit violations.
However, the District expects the additional monitoring does result in lowered emissions and better
compliance with underlying standards that otherwise would not be detected as non-compliant.
4. What is the approximate number of sources that now have CAM monitoring in their permits? Please list
some specific sources.
In current staffs experience, we do not have many, if any, sources that have CAM monitoring. This is
primarily due to these sources being subject to monitoring that exempts them from CAM.
5. Has the District ever disapproved a source's proposed CAM plan?
In current staffs experience, we have not reviewed any proposed CAM plans, so have not had cause to
disapprove or approve any plan.
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I). Public Participation and Affected State Review
Public Notification Process
1. Which newspapers does the District use to publish notices of proposed title V permits?
San Diego Union Tribune
2. Do you use a state publication designed to give general public notice? YD N M
3. Do you sometimes publish a notice for one permit in more than one paper? YD N IHI
Explanation: This District doesn 7 find newspapers notices a very effective form of outreach. This District
utilizes its GovDelivery subscription service to notify the public and stakeholders. It also posts all
notifications on its website.
a. If so, how common is if for the District to publish multiple notices for one permit?
b. How do you determine which publications to use?
Only available publication with sufficient circulation.
c. What cost-effective approaches have you utilized for public publication?
Notices are published on the District's website and sent to established email distribution lists for those with
Title V interest. Most, if not all, engagement the District receives from the public on Title V is through an
electronic method of notification.
4. Have you developed mailing lists of people you think might be interested in title V permits you propose?
[e.g., public officials, environmentalists, concerned citizens] YIEI N ~
Note: it is an email list, not a physical mailing list.
a. Does the District maintain more than one mailing list for title V purposes, e.g., a general title V list and
source-specific lists? YD N H
b. How does a person get on the list? (e.g., by calling, sending a written request, or filling out a form on the
District's website)
Through the District's website.
c. How does the list get updated?
Automatically when users register.
d. How long is the list maintained for a particular source?
There are no lists for specific sources
e. What do you send to those on the mailing list?
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They receive a brief explanation of the source and Title V action, and links to view the full public notice,
proposed permit, application forms and statement of basis posted on the District's website.
5. Do you reach out to specific communities (e.g., environmental justice communities) beyond the standard
public notification processes? YD N IS
In our experience, most interested environmental justice communities utilize the existing automated email
notification lists to be notified of Title V actions. The District is currently developing a public participation
plan to enhance public outreach and it is implementing multiple requirements from AB423 that promote
transparency and public engagement.
6. Do your public notices clearly state when the public comment period begins and ends? YIS N ~
7. What is your opinion on the most effective methods for public notice?
Electronic. The District find that the required newspaper notice is not effective.
8. Do you provide notices in languages besides English? Please list the languages and briefly describe under
what circumstances the District translates public notice documents? YD N IS
While notices are not provided in other languages the District does have staff to provide information in
other languages as needed. The District will be evaluating its public notices under the public participation
plan.
Public Comments
9. How common has it been for the public to request that the District extend a public comment period?
Rarely, if ever since the District has not received requests for extending the public comment period. The
District has extended comment periods for major NSR permits on a few occasions. Current staff is not
aware of any instances where an extension of a Title V comment period was requested.
a. Has the District ever denied such a request? Y~ N IS
b. If a request has been denied, what were the reason(s)?
If mirroring past practice for requested NSR permits, extensions are generally granted in most cases to
encourage public involvement.
10. Has the public ever suggested improvements to the contents of your public notice, improvements to your
public participation process, or other ways to notify them of draft permits? If so, please describe.
YD N IS
11. Approximately what percentage of your proposed permits has the public commented on?
We estimate about 5%, no more than 10%.
12. Over the years, has there been an increase in the number of public comments you receive on proposed title
V permits? YD N IS
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13. Have you noticed any trends in the type of comments you have received? YM N ~
Please explain.
We haven't observed a sufficient trend to make any conclusions, but the most recent comments have focused
on toxic pollutant impacts, cumulative emission impacts from closely located sources, and other issues that
aren 7 directly addressable through the Title Vprogram.
a. What percentage of your permits change due to public comments?
The District is not aware of ever changing a Title V permit after public comment other than comments
provided by the permittee. However, the District has on occasion changed conditions after public
comments during review for a major source NSR permit. This has only occurred rarely (<5-10%) and
was related to revising BACT requirements and related emission limits on new power plants.
14. Have specific communities (e.g., environmental justice communities) been active in commenting on
permits? YD N IHI
15. Do your rules require that any change to the draft permit be re-proposed for public comment?
YD N m
Explanation: We do not require re-proposal if the changes are administrative or sufficiently minor that a
commentor would not be expected to view the changes as substantive.
a. If not, what type of changes would require you to re-propose (and re-notice) a permit for comment?
Any change that we believe is at all substantive or is noted by EPA to require re-noticing would result in the
District re-proposing the permit. In the past we have few examples of changing permits, but have generally
deferred to conducting a re-proposal in any questionable case.
EPA 45-day Review
16. What permit types do you send to the EPA for 45-day review?
Initial, Renewal, Major Modification, Minor Modification, Enhanced Authority to Construct
17. Do you have an arrangement with the EPA region for its 45-day review to start at the same time the 30-day
public review starts? (aka "concurrent review) YIEI N ~
Explanation: Our rules allow for concurrent review and it is our practice to conduct review concurrently.
We also typically consult EPA prior to proposing for any questionable permit decisions to prevent need to
make changes and re-notice.
a. What could cause the EPA 45-day review period to restart (i.e., if public comments received, etc)?
We are not aware of any situation where the period needed to be restarted, but we would restart any time
that we intend to change the permit and EPA concurs with the need for the review period to restart.
b. How does the public know if the EPA's review is concurrent?
They could determine this either by seeing and reviewing the rules stating that this is allowable, or by
contacting the District to inquire.
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c. If the District does concurrent review, is this process a requirement in your title V regulations, or a result
of a MOA or some other arrangement?
It is an optional part of regulations and a practice the District considers improves and helps with
streamlining of the permit process.
Permittee Comments
18. Do you work with permittees prior to public notice? Y|x| N ~
19. Do permittees provide comments/corrections on the permit during the public comment period? YIHI N ~
Explanation: We encourage permittees to provide comments prior to public notice so that any changes such as
typographical or errors can be made without requiring re-noticing to correct. In the majority of cases this
occurs, but in at least one occasion a source has provided substantial comments afterwards. Additionally,
permittees will normally have already reviewed the equipment specific permit conditions when the operating
permit is issued, so this reduces the needfor comment.
a. Any trends in the type of comments?
None of note.
b. How do these types of comments or other permittee requests, such as changes to underlying NSR
permits, affect your ability to issue a timely permit?
In our experience this happens rarely, but when it does it has significantly impacted the timely issuance
of the permit. District staff has recently reviewed the past case where this occurred and staff expects in
the future to have more defined standards for which requests can be entertained and which should be
denied due to the review requirement under the local permit program prior to integration with the Title
V permit.
Public Hearings
20. What criteria does the District use to decide whether to grant a request for a public hearing on a proposed
title V permit? Are the criteria described in writing (e.g.., in the public notice)?
We do not have a written policy, but would only grant a request if the commentor raised a specific issue
pertinent to the Title Vpermit that would require change of the requirements in the permit or raising a
concern that could result in denying the permit. Current staff is not aware of any requests for a public
hearing in the past 5 years. We recently received an inquiry from a community member regarding a request
for a public comment, but after explaining to them that the issue identified could not be well addressed
through Title V (cumulative health risk impacts from various sources in a low income community), no
formal request for a hearing was made.
a. Do you ever plan the public hearing yourself, in anticipation of public interest? Y~ N M
We have not in the past, but it is a possibility if warrantedfor a specific project.
Availability of .Public Information
21. Do you charge the public for copies of permit-related documents? YD N IHI
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a. If yes, what is the cost per page? N/A
b. Are there exceptions to this cost (e.g., the draft permit requested during the public comment period, or
for non-profit organizations)? YD N IEI
c. Do your title V permit fees cover this cost? YIEI N ~ If not, why not?
22. What is your process for the public to obtain permit-related information (such as permit applications, draft
permits, deviation reports, 6-month monitoring reports, compliance certifications, statement of basis)
especially during the public comment period?
A public information request (PIR) can be filed in person, over the phone or electronically for these
documents. Some (applications, draft permit, statement of basis) are available online during the comment
period. Additionally the District is implementing requirements under AB423 that includes publishing
permitting datasets on its website.
a. Are any of the documents available locally (e.g., public libraries, field offices) during the public
comment period? YD N IS Please explain.
They are available online, but not physically.
23. How long does it take to respond to requests for information for permits in the public comment period?
For information that is readily available, records are typically available within a few days. High priority is
given to responding to these requests. Information that is not readily available (i.e. requires data analysis or
processing or has been archived) may take longer.
24. Have you ever extended your public comment period as a result of requests for permit-related documents?
YD N m
This situation has not occurred, but we likely would in the event that we experienced a delay responding to
an information request or there was justification for allowing longer period to review.
25. Do information requests, either during or outside of the public comment period, affect your ability to issue
timely permits? YD N H
26. What title V permit-related documents does the District post on its website (e.g., proposed and final permits,
statements of basis, public notice, public comments, responses to comments)?
Proposed permit, statement of basis, public notice, applications. Additionally, as required by AB423, the
District recently began making available the application files for all local permit applications under review,
which would include those located at Title V facilities.
a. How often is the website updated? Is there information on how the public can be involved?
It is updated as necessary when a public notice is initiated. There is information on how to submit
comments. The District is currently undergoing a large scale revamp of the website (required by AB423)
and this will result in additional information available for Title V in a more user-friendly platform.
b. Do you provide public commenters with final Title V permit documents?
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Only upon request or if relevant in responding to comment.
27. Have other ideas for improved public notification, process, and/or access to information been considered?
YIEI N ~ If yes, please describe.
The District is currently developing a Public Participation Plan that will detail communication and
engagement strategies to inform and increase public participation. The Public Participation Plan will be
consideredfor adoption by the District's Governing Board in early 2022.
28. Do you have a process for notifying the public as to when the 60-day citizen petition period starts?
Y~ N El If yes, please describe.
29. Do you have any resources available to the public on public participation (booklets, pamphlets, webpages)?
YIEI N ~
The District is currently developing a Public Participation Plan that will detail communication and
engagement strategies to inform and increase public participation. The Public Participation Plan will be
consideredfor adoption by the District's Governing Board in early 2022.
30. Do you provide training to citizens on public participation or on title V? YD N IE
The District is currently developing a Public Participation Plan that will detail communication and
engagement strategies to inform and increase public participation. The Public Participation Plan will be
consideredfor adoption by the District's Governing Board in early 2022.
31. Do you have staff dedicated to public participation, relations, or liaison? Y|x| N ~
a. Where are they in the organization?
The District has a program coordinator position (currently vacant and in the process of being filled) to
serve as the APCD Public Information Officer and Outreach Coordinator. This position is under the
Office of Environmental Justice and it reports to the Deputy Director overseeing that office.
b. What is their primary function?
To be a spokesperson for APCD, manage media relations, and coordinate outreach activities to increase
public participation and engagement.
Affected State Review and Review by Indian Tribes
32. How do you notify tribes of draft permits?
Tribes are notified electronically using list of tribes and contact information provided by EPA. One tribe
does not have an email contact, so the notices are mailed.
33. Has the District ever received comments on proposed permits from Tribes?
The District has not recently received any comments from tribes on Title V permits in current staff's
experience. However, the District has received comments on a proposed NSR permit for a landfill and the
project was ultimately withdrawn prior to approval.
34. Please provide any suggestions for improving your notification process.
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The goal of the public participation plan is to identify the needs and interest of the public and develop
strategies to meet these expectations. As it relates to permitting actions, presenting information in a clear
and concise manner is critical.
35. Any additional comments on public notification?
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E. Permit Issuance / .Revision / .Renewal
Permit Revisions
1. For which types of permit modifications do you follow a list or description in your regulations to determine
the appropriate process to follow: (Check all that apply)
IEI Administrative amendment?
IEI Section 502(b)(10) changes?
IEI Significant and/or minor permit modification?
~ Group processing of minor modifications?
2. Approximately how many title V permit revisions have you processed for the last five years? 25
a. What percentage of the permit revisions were processed as:
Significant: 0
Minor: 0
Administrative: 60%
Off-permit: 0
502(b)(10): 40%
The percentage provided above represents the applications received and approvedfor the last five years.
It does not include all applications receivedfor the last five years that are pending approved. Some of the
applications pending approval are for minor modifications and are for facilities that subject to renewal.
The District has been processing these minor modification applications at the same time as the renewal
permit is being issued to promote efficiencies.
3. For the last five years, how many days, on average, does it take to process (from application receipt to final
permit revision):
a. A significant permit revision?
b. A minor revision?
No data. We have no data on this because we have not approved any of the above application types. No
significant mods have been received and minor mods are either delayed so they can be included with
renewals or the underlying projects have not been constructed or started operation.
4. How common has it been for the District to take longer than 18 months to issue a significant revision, 90
days for minor permit revisions, and 60 days for administrative amendments? Please explain.
Due to the backlog described under question 10, the District has in some cases exceeded these timelines.
However, with recent changes to the Title V procedures and staff assignments, we are confident that we will
quickly resume timely processing of Title Vpermit revisions.
5. What have you done to streamline the issuance of revisions?
Due to the delay in processing revisions, the District has relied on the strategy of combining multiple
reviews with the renewal. This also has the advantage of minimizing the amount of time spent on the
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projects since many of the steps are the same whether a permitting action includes one or multiple
revisions.
6. What process do you use to track permit revision applications moving through your system?
The District uses a system called the Business Case Management System (BCMS) created by Accela. This
system allows for the generation of reports and searching of records that allows for easy tracking ofpermit
applications and modification status.
7. Have you developed guidance to assist permit writers and sources in evaluating whether a proposed revision
qualifies as an administrative amendment, off-permit change, significant or minor revision, or requires that
the permit be reopened? Y|x| N ~ If so, please provide a copy.
8. Do you require that applications for minor and significant permit modifications include the source's
proposed changes to the permit? Y~ N IHI
Typically, all minor and significant permit modifications require that the applicant first obtains a modified
authority to construct or permit to operate through the local permitting program prior to applying for the
Title V change. In practice, most permittees apply at the same time, so the District waits to process the Title
V application until the local permit is issued so that the conditions in that permit can serve as the proposed
conditions. This approach minimizes the need to renotify or repropose if changes are required after
construction (e.g. removal of initial testing requirements or alteration of monitoring requirements based on
observed operation).
a. For minor modifications, do you require sources to explain their change and how it affects their
applicable requirements? YD N IHI
Many sources do, but frequently they prefer to rely on the District's determination of how changes will
apply.
9. Do you require applications for minor permit modifications to contain a certification by a responsible
official that the proposed modification meets the criteria for use of minor permit modification procedures
and a request that such procedures be used? YIHI N ~
10. When public noticing proposed permit revisions, how do you identify which portions of the permit are being
revised? (e.g., narrative description of change, highlighting, different fonts).
Narrative description.
11. When public noticing proposed permit revisions, how do you clarify that only the proposed permit revisions
are open to comment?
Narrative description of what the project entails, and clarification if a comment is submitted regarding a
portion of the permit that is not open for comment.
Permit Renewal or Reopening
12. Do you have a different application form for a permit renewal compared to that for an initial permit
application? YD N IHI
a. If yes, what are the differences?
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13. Has issuance of renewal permits been "easier" than the original permits?
YM N ~ Please explain.
In most cases, the renewal permit is based on the original permit, resulting in less time spent establishing
requirements. However, in a few limited circumstances a facility with many emission units may have
experienced so many changes that there is minimal reduction in effort to issue the renewal permit.
14. How are you implementing the permit renewal process (ie., guidance, checklist to provide to permit
applicants)? YD N ~
The District provides a standard application package online. Facilities subject to permit renewals must
submit complete applications with the requiredfees.
15. What percentage of renewal applications have you found to be timely and complete for the last five years?
SDAPCD is only aware of two instances in the last 5 years where an application was not timely and complete,
which equates to < 10% of applications.
16. How many complete applications for renewals do you presently have in-house ready to process?
We currently have 21 open renewals, of which we expect all are complete (not all have had a completeness
determination).
a. Have you been able to or plan to process these renewals within the part 70 timeframe of 18 months? If
not, what can EPA do to help? Y~ N M
The District's current backlog of Title V renewals is primarily due to competing priorities and need to
temporarily focus staff resources in other areas (emission inventory, air toxic hot spots, AB423/AB617).
However, these projects are winding down and a revised process for assigning Title V renewals to a larger
group of staff has recently been implemented which should allow the District to return to timely application
processing.
17. Have you ever determined that an issued permit must be revised or revoked to assure compliance with the
applicable requirements? YD N IHI
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F. Compliance
Deviations
1. Deviation reporting:
a. Please describe which deviations you require be reported prior to the semi-annual monitoring report?
Breakdowns can be reported within two hours of detection. Deviations that are not due to a breakdown,
but which result in excess emissions specific to cogens andpowerplants must be reported within 10
calendar days of detection.
b. Do you require that some deviations be reported by telephone? YD N IEI
Breakdowns can be reported by telephone or electronically viaAccela Citizen Access (online account
created by facility).
c. If yes, do you require a follow-up written report? YIEI N ~ If yes, within what timeframe?
A follow-up written report is required for breakdowns within 15 calendar days after the breakdown
occurrence has been corrected.
d. Do you require that all deviation reports be certified by a responsible official? (If no, describe which
deviation reports are not certified). Y~ N M
Self-reported deviations that occur prior to the semi-annual monitoring reports can be submitted by
Environmental staff, which may not be the responsible officials.
i. Do you require certifications to be submitted with the deviation report? YD N ISI
ii. If not, do you allow the responsible official to "back certify" deviation reports? YD M N ~
The responsible official certifies deviation reports when the semi-annual monitoring reports and the
annual compliance certifications are submitted. If this is considered "back certifying" then yes.
iii. If you allow the responsible official to "back certify" deviation reports, what timeframe do you allow
for the follow-up certifications (e.g., within 30 days; at the time of the semi-annual deviation
reporting)?
The responsible official must certify at the time of the semi-annual deviation reporting.
2. How does your program define deviation?
Any violation of permit conditions, rules or regulations that are federally-enforceable.
3. Do you require only violations of permit terms to be reported as deviations? YD N M
4. Which of the following do you require to be reported as a deviation (Check all that apply):
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IEI Excess emissions excused due to emergencies (pursuant to 70.6(g))
IEI Excess emissions excused due to SIP provisions (cite the specific state rule)
IEI Excess emissions allowed under NSPS or MACT SSM provisions
IEI Excursions from specified parameter ranges where such excursions are not a monitoring violation (as
defined in CAM)
IEI Excursions from specified parameter ranges where such excursions are credible evidence of an emission
violation
Failure to collect data/conduct monitoring where such failure is "excused":
~ During scheduled routine maintenance or calibration checks
~ Where less than 100% data collection is allowed by the permit
IEI Due to an emergency
~ Other? Describe.
5. Do your deviation reports include:
a. The probable cause of the deviation? Y IEI N ~
b. Any corrective actions taken? Y IEI N ~
c. The magnitude and duration of the deviation? Y IEI N ~
6. Do you define "prompt" reporting of deviations as more frequent than semi-annual? YIEI N ~
7. Do you require a written report for deviations? Y IEI N ~
8. Do you require that a responsible official certify all deviation reports? Y IEI N ~
Com.pl i ance Reports
9. What is your procedure for reviewing and following up on:
a. Deviation reports? Y IEI N ~
b. Semi-annual monitoring reports? Y IEI N ~
c. Annual compliance certifications? Y IEI N ~
10. Please identify the percentage of the following reports you review:
a. Deviation reports - 100%
b. Semi-annual monitoring reports - 100%
c. Annual compliance certification - 100%
11. Compliance certifications
a. Have you developed a compliance certification form? Y IEI N ~ If no, go to question 12.
i. Is the certification form consistent with your rules? Y IEI N ~
ii. Is compliance based on whether compliance is continuous or intermittent or whether the compliance
monitoring method is continuous or intermittent?
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Both
iii.Do you require sources to use the form? Y ISI N ~ If not, what percentage do?
iv.Does the form account for the use of credible evidence? YD N ISI
v. Does the form require the source to specify the monitoring method used to determine compliance
where there are options for monitoring, including which method was used where more than one
method exists? Y ISI N ~
12. Is your compliance certification rule based on:
a. The '97 revisions to part 70 - i.e., is the compliance certification rule based on whether the compliance
monitoring method was continuous or intermittent; ~
OR
b. The '92 part 70 rule - i.e., is the compliance certification rule based on whether compliance was
continuous or intermittent? M
Excess Emissions
13. Does your program include an emergency defense provision as provided in 70.6(g)? Y ~ N ISI If yes, does
it:
a. Provide relief from penalties? YD N ~
b. Provide injunctive relief? YD N ~
c. Excuse non-compliance? YD N ~
14. Does your program include a SIP excess emissions provision? YD N ISI If no, go to 10. c. If yes does it:
a. Provide relief from penalties? YD N ~
b. Provide injunctive relief? YD N ~
c. Excuse noncompliance? YD N ~
15. Do you require the source to obtain a written concurrence from the District before the source can qualify
for:
To our knowledge, a source has never requested these provisions, therefore a written concurrence has not
been necessary.
a. The emergency defense provision? YD N ~
b. The SIP excess emissions provision? Y~ N ~
c. NSPS/NESHAP SSM excess emissions provisions? YD N ~
16. Any additional comments on compliance?
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G. Resources & Internal Management Support
1. Are there any competing resource priorities for your "title V" staff in issuing title V permits? YM N ~
a. If so, what are they?
Currently the largest competing priorities are the implementation of the Hot Spots Program and
implementations of the requirements under AB 423. Other previous efforts such as development of an
emission inventory system, implementation ofAB617, which primarily focuses on environmental justice
issues, contributed to the application backlog. However, the District has implemented processes to address
this backlog.
2. Are there any initiatives instituted by your management that recognize/reward your permit staff for getting
past barriers in implementing the title V program that you would care to share? YD N IE
There are no initiatives specific for the Title V program but the District has an employee recognition award
program to recognize staff. The leadership team also recognizes accomplishments from staff.
3. How is management kept up to date on permit issuance?
SDAPCD's permit system (BCMS) allows for sorting and searching records, as well as preparation of
reports that show up to date status of all applications.
4. Do you meet on a regular basis to address issues and problems related to permit writing? YIHI N ~
5. Do you charge title V fees based on emission rates? YDNS
a. If not, what is the basis for your fees?
Time and material basis. Permits are also assessed a separate emission fee based on emission rate, but
this is not specific to Title Vfacilities.
b. What is your title V fee?
Time and Material fees as specified in District Rule 40.
c. Do you have sources that refuse to pay their title V fee? YD N HI How do you approach these
situations?
6. How do you track title V expenses?
Labor data are maintained in the BCMS permit system of actual time spent.
7. How do you track title V fee revenue?
Title V revenues are tracked as part of regular permit charges, for those facilities that are subject to Title V
Operating Permits and can be identified as Title V through a report from the permits database (BCMS).
8. How many title V permit writers does the agency have on staff (number of FTE's, both budgeted and
actual)?
Engineering Division has 17 Permit Engineer positions. Two of these positions are currently vacant but in
the process of being filled. All engineers can work on District and Title V permits.
9. Do the permit writers work full time on title V? YD N ISI
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a. If not, describe their main activities and percentage of time on title V permits.
Main activities are local permit review.
Estimate 5-10% of time spent on Title V specific applications on average. Additionally, much of the
local permit work at Title V facilities is utilized in preparing the Title Vpermits.
b. How do you track the time allocated to Title V activities versus other non-title V activities?
Labor data is kept in BCMS.
10. Are you currently fully staffed?
No, but are actively working to hire to fill the open positions.
11. What is the ratio of permits to Title V permit writers?
Approximately 4 permits per employee who currently works on Title Vpermitting. However, each employee
is only spending a small percentage of his/her time on Title V applications.
12. Describe staff turnover.
In the last year, staff turnover has been approximately 50% in the permitting group.
a. How does this impact permit issuance?
This has a significant impact on permit issuance since due to required training on the Title Vprogram
and District rules.
b. How does the permitting authority minimize turnover?
The District offers flexible schedules, such as 4/10 schedules, teleworking schedules, opportunities for
advancements, job shadowing program, and training opportunities.
13. Do you have a career ladder for permit writers? YIEI N ~ If so, please describe.
The District uses the following structure: Junior Engineer, Assistant Engineer, Associate Engineer, Senior
Engineer, Chief. New hires are typically made at the assistant and junior levels.
14. Do you have the flexibility to offer competitive salaries? YD N ~
SDAPCD employees are still County employees. The salary ranges are established by County through labor
negotiations. When hiring new employees the District has some flexibility to offer a starting salary within
the specified range based on previous experience and qualifications.
The District has also offered a flex schedule that includes a 4/10 option and various start time, as well as
integrated teleworking opportunities to offer additional benefits to its employees.
15. Can you hire experienced people with commensurate salaries? YD N ~
When hiring new employees the District has some flexibility to offer a starting salary within the specified
range based on previous experience and qualifications.
16. Describe the type of training given to your new and existing permit writers.
District staffprimarily receive training in equipment types, pollutant types, and applicable rules from the
state (CARB) or EPA and through WESTAR coordinated training sponsored by EPA. Additionally, the
engineering division periodically conducts its own trainings for some or all staff. Staff also are expected to
learn through experience and start working on less complex applications quickly after hiring with oversight
from their supervisors and/or more experienced engineers.
17. Does your training cover:
23
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a. How to develop periodic and/or sufficiency monitoring in permits? YIEI N ~
b. How to ensure that permit terms and conditions are enforceable as a practical matter? YIEI N ~
c. How to write a Statement of Basis? YISI N ~
18. Please describe anything that EPA can do to assist/improve your training.
Training opportunities are always beneficial
19. How has the District organized itself to address title V permit issuance?
The Engineering Division is responsible for reviewing permit applications and issuing permits. The District
does not have a separate group for Title Vpermits.
20. Overall, what is the biggest internal roadblock to permit issuance from the perspective of Resources and
Internal Management Support?
Policies and Procedures in the Engineering Division had not been revised for 5 years, resulting in a lack of
guidance for staff. Since last year the District has been actively revising and creating new procedures as
well as providing training to staff to increase resources for Title V and other programs.
Another challenge the division faced is related to the backlog associated with the Emission Inventory and
AB2588 programs, which took resources away from the permitting program.
Other barriers that have contributed to delays include new team members that have not been fully trained.
Environmental Justice Resources
21. Do you have Environmental Justice (EJ) legislation, policy or general guidance which helps to direct
permitting efforts? YD N ISI If so, may EPA obtain copies of this information?
While there's currently no specific EJ guidance to direct permitting efforts, the APCD Board established an
office of Environmental Justice in late 2020 with 0.5 FTE dedicated to oversee EJ activities and 1FTE
dedicated to public outreach (currently vacant). Since then, the Office ofEJhas been mainly dedicated to
manage the implementation of the State's Community Air Protection Program (AB617). APCD's Office of
EJ is currently working on developing a framework to provide EJ training to APCD staff as well as define
strategies to engage with EJ communities in the San Diego region.
22. Do you have an in-house EJ office or coordinator, charged with oversight of EJ related activities? YISI N ~
The APCD Board established an office of Environmental Justice in late 2020 with 0.5 FTE dedicated to
oversee EJ activities and 1 FTE dedicated to public outreach (currently vacant). Since then, the Office ofEJ
has been mainly dedicated to manage the implementation of the State's Community Air Protection Program
(AB617). APCD's Office of EJ is currently working on developing a framework to provide EJ training to
APCD staff as well as define strategies to engage with EJ communities in the San Diego region.
23. Have you provided EJ training / guidance to your permit writers? YD N ISI
While there's currently no specific EJ guidance to direct permitting efforts, the APCD Board established an
office of Environmental Justice in late 2020 with 0.5 FTE dedicated to oversee EJ activities and 1 FTE
dedicated to public outreach (currently vacant). Since then, the Office ofEJhas been mainly dedicated to
manage the implementation of the State's Community Air Protection Program (AB617). APCD's Office of
EJ is currently working on developing a framework to provide EJ training to APCD staff as well as define
strategies to engage with EJ communities in the San Diego region.
24
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24. Do the permit writers have access to demographic information necessary for EJ assessments? (e.g., socio-
economic status, minority populations, etc.) YIHI N ~
Engineers have access to CalEnviroScreen, which is a science-based mapping tool available to staff that
scores California communities by census tract based on environmental, health, and socioeconomic data.
These scores help identify disadvantaged communities where environmental justice issues are prevalent.
Census information on demographics is also available to help complement CalEnviroScreen data.
25. When reviewing an initial or renewal application, is any screening for potential EJ issues performed?
YD N ISI If so, please describe the process and/or attach guidance.
Because SDAPCD's rules do not have separate requirements based on whether or not a facility is located in
an EJ area, we have not identified a need for such screening.
25
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II. Title V Benefits
1. Does your staff implementing the title V program generally have a better understanding of:
a. NSPS requirements? YIEI N ~
b. The stationary source requirements in the SIP? YIS N ~
c. The minor NSR program? YIEI N ~
d. The major NSR/PSD program? YIEI N ~
e. How to design monitoring terms to assure compliance? YIEI N ~
f. How to write enforceable permit terms? YIEI N ~
2. In issuing initial title V permits:
a. Have you noted inconsistencies in how sources had previously been regulated (e.g., different emission
limits or frequency of testing for similar units)? YD N IEI If yes, describe.
b. Have you taken (or are you taking) steps to assure better regulatory consistency within source categories
and/or between sources? Y~ N M If yes, describe.
3. Based on your experience, estimate the frequency with which potential compliance problems are identified
through the permit issuance process:
Never Occasionally Frequently Often
a.
Prior to submitting an application
~
m
~
~
b.
Prior to issuing a draft permit
~
m
~
~
c.
After issuing a final permit
~
m
~
~
4. Based on your experience with sources addressing compliance problems identified through the title V
permitting process, estimate the general rate of compliance with the following requirements prior to
implementing title V:
This information is not available prior to implementation of Title V. Currently, occasionally there are
compliance issues identified related to NSPS applicability.
Never Occasionally Frequently Often
a. NSPS requirements
(including failure to identify an NSPS as applicable)^ ~ ~ ~
b. SIP requirements ~ ~ ~ ~
c. Minor NSR requirements
(including the requirement to obtain a permit) ~ ~ ~ ~
d. Major NSR/PSD requirements
(including the requirement to obtain a permit) ~ ~ ~ ~
26
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5. Do you see a difference in compliance behavior on the part of sources that have to comply with the title V
program? (Check all that apply.)
M Increased use of self-audits?
M Increased use of environmental management systems?
13 Increased staff devoted to environmental management?
M Increased resources devoted to environmental control systems (e.g., maintenance of control
equipment; installation of improved control devices; etc.)?
M Increased resources devoted to compliance monitoring?
13 Better awareness of compliance obligations?
~ Other? Describe.
6. Does implementation of the title V program improve other areas of your program? (Check all that apply.)
~ Netting actions
13 Emission inventories
~ Past records management (e.g., lost permits)
13 Enforceability of PTE limits (e.g., consistent with guidance on enforceability of PTE limits such as
the June 13, 1989 guidance)
~ Identifying source categories or types of emission units with pervasive or persistent compliance
problems; etc.
~ Clarity and enforceability of NSR permit terms
13 Better documentation of the basis for applicable requirements (e.g., emission limit in NSR permit
taken to ~ avoid PSD; throughput limit taken to stay under MACT threshold)
~ Emissions trading programs
~ Emission caps
~ Other (describe)
Because of the robustness of the District's local permitting program, Title V has less of an impact than it
would otherwise.
7. If yes to any of the above, would you care to share how the title V program improves other aspects of your
air program? (e.g., increased training; outreach; targeted enforcement)?
Increased recordkeeping and outreach opportunities
8. Are there aspects of the title V program that you have extended to other program areas (e.g., require
certification of accuracy and completeness for pre-construction permit applications and reports; increased
records retention; inspection entry requirement language in NSR permits). YD N IS If yes, describe.
While the local permit program does share many of the same concepts as Title V, current staff do not
believe that these resultedfrom Title V specifically.
9. Have you made changes in how NSR permits are written and documented as a result of lessons learned in
title V (e.g., permit terms more clearly written; use of a statement of basis to document decision making)?
If yes, describe.
While the local permit program does share many of the same concepts as Title V, current staff do not
believe that these resultedfrom Title V specifically.
27
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10. Do you use information from title V to target inspections and/or enforcement? YIHI N ~
11. Is title V fee money helpful in running the program? That is, does it help you to provide: (Check all that
apply.)
IEI Better training?
13 More resources for your staff such as CFRs and computers?
M Better funding for travel to sources?
~ Stable funding despite fluctuations in funding for other state programs?
M Incentives to hire and retain good staff?
~ Are there other benefits of the fee program? Describe.
12. Have you received positive feedback from citizens? YD N IE
13. Has industry expressed a benefit of title V? YD N IHI If so, describe.
14. Do you perceive other benefits as a result of the title V program? YIHI N ~ If so, describe.
Increased oversight
15. Other comments on benefits of title V? YIHI N ~
Because of the nature of the District's local permit program which implements a significant amount of the
same requirements as Title V, the benefits of Title V are limited to those areas that are not reflected in the
normal process (public comment, deviation reporting)
Good Practices not addressed elsewhere in this questionnaire
16. Are any practices employed that improve the quality of the permits or other aspects of the title V program
that are not addressed elsewhere in this questionnaire? No
EPA assistance not addressed elsewhere in this questionnaire
17. Is there anything else EPA can do to help your title V program?
EPA staff has been always available when neededfor questions and general assistance, which is greatly
appreciated.
28
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Appendix C. U.S. EPA Statement of Basis Guidance
Page 51 of 59
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Table of SOB guidance
Elements
Region 9's Febuary 19,
1999 letter to SLOC
APCD
NOD to Texas' part 70
Program (January 7,
2002)
Region 5 letter to state of
Ohio (December 20, 2001)
Los Medanos
Petition Order
(May 24, 2004)
Bay Area Refinery
Petition Orders
(March 15, 2005)
EPA's August 1,
2005 letter
regarding Exxon
Mobil proposed
permit
Petition No. V-2005-
1 (February 1, 2006)
(Onyx Order)
EPA's April 30, 2014
Memorandum:
Implementation Guidance on
ACC Reporting and SOB
Requiremetns for Title V
Operating Permits
New Equipment
Additions of permitted
equipment which were not
included in the application
V
Insignificant
Activities and
portable equipment
Identification of any applicable
requirements for insignificant
activities or State-registered
portable equipment that have
not previously been identified at
the Title V facility
V
Streamlining
Multiple applicable
requirements streamlining
demonstrations
Streamlining requirements
Streamlining analysis
V
Permit Shields
Permit shields
The basis for applying the
permit shield
V
Discussion of permit
shields
Basis for permit shield
decisions
V
Alternative
Operating Scenarios
and Operational
Flexibility
Alternative operating scenarios
A discussion of any
operational flexibility that
will be utilized at the facility.
V
V
Compliance
Schedules
Compliance Schedules
Must discuss need for
compliance schedule
for multiple NOVs,
particularly any
unresolved/outstanding
NOVs
Must discuss need for
compliance schedule for
any outstanding NOVs
CAM
CAM requirements
V
PALs
Plant wide allowable emission
limits (PAL) or other voluntary
limits
V
Previous Permits
Any district permits to operate
or authority to construct permits
Explanation of any conditions
from previously issued permits
that are not being transferred to
the title V permit
A basis for the
exclusion of certain
NSR and PSD
conditions contained in
underlying ATC permits
V
Periodic Monitoring
Decisions
Periodic monitoring decisions,
where the decisions deviate
from already agreed upon levels
(eg. Monitoring decisions
agreed upon by the district and
EPA either through: the Title V
periodic monitoring workgroup;
or another Title V permit for a
similar source). These decisions
could be part of the permit
package or reside in a publicly
available document.
The rationale for the
monitoring method selected
A description of the monitoring
and operational restrictions
requirements
1) recordkeeping and
period monitoring that
is required under 40
CFR 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B) or
district regulation
2) Ensure that the
rationale for the
selected monitoring
method or lack of
monitoring is clearly
explained and
documented in the
permit record.
The SOB must include
a basis for its periodic
monitoring decisions
(adequacy of chosen
monitoring or
justification for not
requiring periodic
monitoring)
The SOB must include a
basis for its periodic
monitoring decisions.
Any emissions factors,
exhaust characteristics, or
other assumptions or
inputs used to justify no
periodic monitoring is
required, should be
included in SOB
V
Facility Description
A description of the facility
V
V
Applicability
Determinations and
Exemptions
Any federal regulatory
applicability determinations
Applicability and exemptions
1) Applicability
determinations for
source specific
applicable requirements
2) Origin or factual
basis for each permit
condition or exemption
SOB must discuss the
Applicability of various
NSPS, NESHAP and
local SIP requirements
and include the basis
for all exemptions
SOB must discuss the
Applicability of various
NSPS, NESHAP and
local SIP requirements
and include the basis for
all exemptions
V
General
Requirements
Certain factual information as
necessary
Generally the SOB
should provide "a
record of the
applicability and
technical issues
surrounding the
issuance of the permit."
V
V
V
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION IX
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105-3901
February 19, 1999
Mr. David Dixon
Chairperson, Title V Subcommittee
San Luis Obispo County
Air Pollution Control District
3433 Roberto Court
San Luis Obispo, CA 93401
Dear Mr. Dixon:
I am writing to provide a final version of our response to your July 2, 1998 letter in which
you expressed concern about Region IX's understanding of the Subcommittee's tentative
resolution to the 45-day EPA review period issue. I have also included a summary of the
Subcommittee's agreement on two title V implementation issues originally raised by some
Subcommittee members at our meeting on August 18, 1998. Our response reflects many
comments and suggestions we have received during the past several months from members of the
Title V Subcommittee and EPA's Office of General Counsel. In particular, previous drafts of
this letter and the enclosure have been discussed at Subcommittee meetings on October 1, 1998,
November 5, 1998, January 14, 1999, and February 17, 1999. Today's final version incorporates
suggested changes as discussed at these meetings and is separated into two parts: Part I is
"guidance" on what constitutes a complete Title V permit submittal; and Part II is a five-point
process on how to better coordinate information exchange during and after the 45-day EPA
review period.
We will address the letter to David Howekamp from Peter Venturini dated August 7,
1998 regarding permits issued pursuant to NSR rules that will not be SIP approved in the near
future. This issue was also discussed at the August 18 Title V Subcommittee meeting.
-------
I appreciate your raising the issues regarding the 45-day EPA review clock to my
attention. Your efforts, along with the efforts of other Title V Subcommittee members, have
been invaluable towards resolving this and other Title V implementation issues addressed in this
letter. The information in the enclosure will clarify Title V permitting expectations between
Region IX and the California Districts and will improve coordination of Title V permit
information. It is important to implement this immediately, where necessary, so the benefits of
this important program can be fully realized as soon as possible in the state of Cali fornia as well
as other states across the country.
If you have any questions please do not hesitate to call me at (415) 744-1254.
Enclosure
cc: California Title V Contacts
California Air Pollution Control Officers
Ray Menebroker, CARB
Peter Venturini, CARB
Sincerely,
Matt Haber
Chief, Permits Office
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Enclosure
Neither the guidance in Part I nor the process in Part II replace or alter any requirements
contained in Title V of the Clean Air Act or 40 CFR Part 70.
PART I. Guidance on Information Necessary to Begin 45-day EPA Review
A complete submittal to EPA for a proposed permit consists of the application (if one has not
already been sent to EPA), the proposed permit, and a statement of basis. If applicable to the
Title V facility (and not already included in the application or proposed permit) the statement of
basis should include the following:
additions of permitted equipment which were not included in the application;
• identification of any applicable requirements for insignificant activities or State-registered portable
equipment that have not previously been identified at the Title V facility,
• outdated SIP requirement streamlining demonstrations,
• multiple applicable requirements streamlining demonstrations,
permit shields,
• alternative operating scenarios,
• compliance schedules,
• CAM requirements,
• plant wide allowable emission limits (PAL) or other voluntary limits,
• any district permits to operate or authority to construct permits;
periodic monitoring decisions, where the decisions deviate from already agreed-upon levels (e.g.,
monitoring decisions agreed upon by the district and EPA either through: the Title V periodic monitoring
workgroup; or another Title V permit for a similar source). These decisions could be part of the permit
package or could reside in a publicly available document.
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Part II-Title V Process
The following five-point process serves to clarify expectations for reviewing Title V permits and
coordinating information on Title V permits between EPA Region IX ("EPA") and Air Pollution
Districts in California ("District"). Districts electing to follow this process can expect the
following. Districts may, at their discretion, make separate arrangements with Region IX to
implement their specific Title V permit reviews differently.
Point 1: The 45-day clock will start one day after EPA receives all necessary information to
adequately review the title V permit to allow for internal distribution of the documents. Districts
may use return receipt mail, courier services, Lotus Notes, or any other means they wish to
transmit a package and obtain third party assurance that EPA received it. If a District would like
written notice from EPA of when EPA received the proposed title V permit, the District should
notify EPA of this desire in writing. After receiving the request, Region IX will provide written
response acknowledging receipt of permits as follows;
(Date)
Dear (APCO):
We have received your proposed Title V permit for (Source Name') on (Date')
If, after 45-days from the date indicated above, you or anyone in your office has not heard from
us regarding this permit, you may assume our 45-day review period is over.
Sincerely,
Matt Haber
Chief, Permits Office
Point 2: After EPA receives the proposed permit, the permit application, and all necessary
supporting information, the 45-day clock may not be stopped or paused by either a District or
EPA, except when EPA approves or objects to the issuance of a permit.
Point 3: The Districts recognize that EPA may need additional information to complete its title V
permit review. If a specific question arises, the District involved will respond as best it can by
providing additional background information, access to background records, or a copy of the
specific document.
The EPA will act expeditiously to identify, request and review additional information and the
districts will act expeditiously to provide additional information. If EPA determines there is a
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basis for objection, including the absence of information necessary to review adequately the
proposed permit, EPA may object to the issuance of the permit. If EPA determines that it needs
more information to reach a decision, it may allow the permit to issue and reopen the permit after
the information has been received and reviewed.
Point 4: When EPA objects to a permit, the Subcommittee requested that the objection letter
identify why we objected to a permit, the legal basis for the objection, and a proposal suggesting
how to correct the permit to resolve the objection.
It has always been our intent to meet this request. In the future, when commenting on, or
objecting to Title V permits, our letters will identify recommended improvements to correct the
permit. For objection letters, EPA will identify why we objected to a permit, the legal basis for
the objection, and details about how to correct the permit to resolve the objection. Part 70 states
that "Any EPA objection... shall include a statement of the Administrator's reasons for objection
and a description of the terms and conditions that the permit must include to respond to the
objections."
Point 5: When EPA objects to a permit, and a District has provided information with the intent to
correct the objection issues, the Subcommittee members requested a letter from EPA at the end
of the 90-day period stating whether the information provided by the District has satisfied the
objection.
While we agree with the Districts' desire for clear, written communication from EPA, a written
response will not always be possible by the 90th day because the regulations allow a District 90
days to provide information. To allow EPA ample time to evaluate submitted information to
determine whether the objection issues have been satisfied, we propose establishing a clear
protocol. The following protocol was agreed to by members of the Subcommittee:
1. within 60 days of an EPA objection, the District should revise and submit a
proposed permit in response to the objection;
2. within 30 days after receipt of revised permit, EPA should evaluate information
and provide written response to the District stating whether the information
provided by the District has satisfied the objection.
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December 20, 2001
CAR-18 J)
Robert F. Hodanbosi, Chief
Division of Air Pollution Control
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
122 South Front Street
P. 0. Box 1049
Columbus, Ohio 43266-1049
Dear Mr. Hodanbosi:
I am writing this letter to provide guidelines on the content of an adequate
statement of basis (SB) as we committed to do in our November 21, 2001,
letter. The regulatory basis for a SB is found in 40 C.F.R. § 70.7(a)(5) and
Ohio Administrative Code (QAC) 3745-77-08 (A) (2) which requires that each draft
permit must be accompanied by "a statement that sets forth the legal and
factual basis for the draft permit conditions." The May 10, 1991, preamble
also suggests the importance of supplementary materials.
" [United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)]...can obj ect to
the issuance of a permit where the materials submitted by the State
permitting authority to EPA do not provide enough information to allow a
meaningful EPA review of whether the proposed permit is in compliance
with the requirements of the Act." (56 FR 21750)
The regulatory language is clear in that a SB must include a discussion of
decision-making that went into the development of the Title V permit and to
provide the permitting authority, the public, and the USEPA a record of the
applicability and technical issues surrounding issuance of the permit. The SB
is part of the historical permitting record for the permittee. A SB generally
should include, but not be limited to, a description of the facility to be
permitted, a discussion of any operational flexibility that will be utilized,
the basis for applying a permit shield, any regulatory applicability
determinations, and the rationale for the monitoring methods selected. A SB
should specifically reference all supporting materials relied upon, including
the applicable statutory or regulatory provision.
While not an exhaustive list of what should be in a SB, below are several
important areas where the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency's (OEPA) SB
could be improved to better meet the intent of Part 70.
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Discussion of the Monitoring and Operational Requiranents
OEPA's SB must contain a discussion on the monitoring and operational
restriction provisions that are included for each emission unit. 40 C.F.R.
§70.6 (a) and QAC 3745-77-07 (A) require that monitoring and operational
requirements and limitations be included in the permit to assure compliance
with all applicable requirements at the time of permit issuance. OEPA's
selection of the specific monitoring, including parametric monitoring and
recordkeeping, and operational requirements must be explained in the SB. For
example, if the permitted compliance method for a grain-loading standard is
maintaining the baghouse pressure drop within a specific range, the SB must
contain sufficient information to support the conclusion that maintaining the
pressure drop within the permitted range demonstrates compliance with the
grain-loading standard.
The USEPA Administrator's decision in response to the Fort James Camas Mill
Title V petition further supports this position. The decision is available on
the web at
http://www.epa.gov/regionO7/programs/artd/air/title5/petitiondb/petitions/fort
_james_decisionl999.pdf. The Administrator stated that the rationale for the
selected monitoring method must be clear and documented in the permit record.
Discussion of Applicability and Exemptions
The SB should include a discussion of any complex applicability determinations
and address any non-applicability determinations. This discussion could
include a reference to a determination letter that is relevant or pertains to
the source. If no separate determination letter was issued, the SB should
include a detailed analysis of the relevant statutory and regulatory
provisions and why the requirement may or may not be applicable. At a
minimum, the SB should provide sufficient information for the reader to
understand OEPA's conclusion about the applicability of the source to a
specific rule. Similarly, the SB should discuss the purpose of any limits on
potential to emit that are created in the Title V permit and the basis for
exemptions from requirements, such as exemptions from the opacity standard
granted to emissions units under QAC rule 3745-17-07 (A) . If the permit shield
is granted for such an exemption or non-applicability determination, the
permit shield must also provide the determination or summary of the
determination. See CAA Section 504(f) (2) and 70.6(f) (1) (ii) .
Explanation of any conditions frcm previously issued permits that are not
being transferred to the Title V permit
In the course of developing a Title V permit, OEPA may decide that an
applicable requirement no longer applies to a facility or otherwise not
federally enforceable and, therefore, not necessary in the Title V permit in
accordance with USEPA's "White Paper for Streamlined Development of the Part
70 Permit Applications" (July 10, 1995). The SB should include the rationale
for such a determination and reference any supporting materials relied upon in
the determination.
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- 3 -
I will also note that for situations that not addressed in the July 10, 1995,
White Paper, applicable New Source Review requirements can not be dropped from
the Title V permit without first revising the permit to install.
Discussion of Streamlining Requiranents
The SB should include a discussion of streamlining determinations. When
applicable requirements overlap or conflict, the permitting authority may
choose to include in the permit the requirement that is determined to be most
stringent or protective as detailed in USEPA's "White Paper Number 2 for
Improved Implementation of the Part 70 Operating Permits Program" (March 5,
1996) . The SB should explain why OEPA concluded that compliance with the
streamlined permit condition assures compliance with all the overlapping
requirements.
Other factual information
The SB should also include factual information that is important for the
public to be aware of. Examples include:
1. A listing of any Title V permits issued to the same applicant at
the plant site, if any. In some cases it may be important to
include the rationale for determining that sources are support
facilities.
2. Attainment status.
3. Construction and permitting history of the source.
4. Compliance history including inspections, any violations noted, a
listing of consent decrees into which the permittee has entered
and corrective action(s) taken to address noncompliance.
I do understand the burden that the increased attention to the SB will cause
especially during this time when OEPA has been working so hard to complete the
first round of Title V permit issuance. I do hope that you will agree with me
that including the information listed above in OEPA's SB will only improve the
Title V process. If you would like examples of other permitting authorities'
SB, please contact us. We would be happy to provide you with some. I would
also mention here that this additional information should easily fit in the
format OEPA currently uses for its SB. We look forward to continued
cooperation between our offices on this issue. If you have any questions,
please contact Genevieve Damico, of my staff, at (312) 353-4761.
Sincerely yours,
/s/
Stephen Rothblatt, Chief
Air Programs Branch
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BEFORE THE ADMINISTRATOR
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IN THE MATTER OF
LOS MEDANOS ENERGY
CENTER
PETITION NO.
ORDER RESPONDING TO
PETITIONERS REQUEST THAT THE
ADMINISTRATOR OBJECT TO
ISSUANCE OF A STATE OPERATING
PERMIT
MAJOR FACILITY REVIEW
PERMIT No. B1866,
Issued by the Bay Area Air
Quality Management District
ORDER DENYING IN PART AND GRANTING IN PART PETITION FOR OBJECTION
TO PERMIT
On September 6, 2001, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, ("BAAQMD" or
"District") issued a Major Facility Review Permit to Los Medanos Energy Center, Pittsburg,
California ("Los Medanos Permit" or "Permit"), pursuant to title V of the Clean Air Act ("CAA"
or "the Act"), 42 U.S.C. §§ 7661-766If, CAA §§ 501-507. On October 12, 2001, the
Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") received a petition from Our Children's Earth
Foundation ("OCE") and Californians for Renewable Energy, Inc., ("CARE") (collectively, the
"Petitioners") requesting that the EPA Administrator object to the issuance of the Los Medanos
Permit pursuant to Section 505(b)(2) of the Act, the federal implementing regulations found at 40
CFR Part 70.8, and the District's Regulation 2-6-411.3 ("Petition").
The Petitioners allege that the Los Medanos Permit (1) improperly includes an emergency
breakdown exemption condition that incorporates a broader definition of "emergency" than
allowed by 40 CFR § 70.6(g); (2) improperly includes a variance relief condition which is not
federally enforceable; (3) fails to include a statement of basis as required by 40 CFR § 70.7(a)(5);
(4) contains permit conditions that are inadequate under 40 CFR Part 70, namely that certain
provisions are unenforceable; and (5) fails to incorporate certain changes OCE requested during
the public comment period and agreed to by BAAQMD.
EPA has now fully reviewed the Petitioners' allegations. In considering the allegations,
EPA performed an independent and in-depth review of the Los Medanos Permit; the supporting
documentation for the Los Medanos Permit; information provided by the Petitioners in the
Petition and in a letter dated November 21, 2001; information gathered from the Petitioners in a
November 8, 2001 meeting; and information gathered from the District in meetings held on
October 31, 2001, December 5, 2001, and February 7, 2002. Based on this review, I grant in part
and deny in part the Petitioners' request that I "object to the issuance of the Title V Operating
Permit for the Los Medanos Energy Center," and hereby order the District to reopen the Permit
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for the reasons described below.
I. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Section 502(d)(1) of the Act calls upon each State to develop and submit to EPA an
operating permit program to meet the requirements of title V. In 1995, EPA granted interim
approval to the title V operating permit program submitted by BAAQMD. 60 Fed. Reg. 32606
(June 23, 1995); 40 CFR Part 70, Appendix A. Effective November 30, 2001, EPA granted full
approval to BAAQMD's title V operating permit program. 66 Fed. Reg. 63503 (December 7,
2001).
Major stationary sources of air pollution and other sources covered by title V are required
to apply for an operating permit that includes applicable emission limitations and such other
conditions as are necessary to assure compliance with applicable requirements of the Act. See
CAA §§ 502(a) and 504(a). The title V operating permit program does not generally impose new
substantive air quality control requirements (which are referred to as "applicable requirements"),
but does require permits to contain monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting, and other conditions to
assure compliance by sources with existing applicable requirements. 57 Fed. Reg. 32250, 32251
(July 21, 1992). One purpose of the title V program is to enable the source, EPA, permitting
authorities, and 1he public to better understand the applicable requirements to which the source is
subject and whether the source is meeting those requirements. Thus, the title V operating
permits program is a vehicle for ensuring that existing air quality control requirements are
appropriately applied to facility emission units and that compliance with these requirements is
assured.
Under § 505(a) of the Act and 40 CFR § 70.8(a), permitting authorities are required to
submit all operating permits proposed pursuant to title V to EPA for review. If EPA determines
that a permit is not in compliance with applicable requirements or the requirements of 40 CFR
Part 70, EPA will object to the permit. If EPA does not object to a permit on its own initiative,
section 505(b)(2) of the Act and 40 CFR § 70.8(d) provide that any person may petition the
Administrator, within 60 days of the expiration of EPA's 45-day review period, to object to the
permit. To justify the exercise of an objection by EPA to a title V permit pursuant to section
505(b)(2), a petitioner must demonstrate that the permit is not in compliance with the
requirements of the Act, including the requirements of Part 70. Part 70 requires that a petition
must be "based only on obj ections to the permit that were raised with reasonable specificity
during the public comment period. . ., unless the petitioner demonstrates that it was impracticable
to raise such objections within such period, or unless the grounds for such objection arose after
such period." 40 CFR § 70.8(d). A petition for administrative review does not stay the
effectiveness of the permit or its requirements if the permit was issued after the expiration of
EPA's 45-day review period and before receipt of the objection. If EPA objects to a permit in
response to a petition and the permit has been issued, the permitting authority or EPA will
modify, terminate, or revoke and reissue such a permit using the procedures in 40 CFR §§
70.7(g)(4) or (5)(i) and (ii) for reopening a permit for cause.
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II. BACKGROUND
The Los Medanos Energy Center facility ("Facility"), formerly owned by Enron
Corporation under the name Pittsburg District Energy Facility, is a natural gas-fired power plant
presently owned and operated by Calpine Corporation. The plant, with a nominal electrical
capacity of 555-megawatts ("MW"), is located in Pittsburg, California. The Facility received its
final determination of compliance ("FDOC")1 from the District in June, 1999, and its license to
construct and operate from the California Energy Commission ("CEC")2 on August 17, 1999.
The Facility operates two large natural gas combustion turbines with associated heat recovery
steam generators ("HRSG"), and one auxiliary boiler. The Facility obtained a revised authority
to construct ("ATC")3 permit from the District in March, 2001 to increase heat input ratings of
the two HRSGs and the auxiliary boiler,4 and to add a fire pump diesel engine and a natural gas-
fired emergency generator. The Facility began commercial operation in July, 2001. The Facility
emits nitrogen oxide ("NOx"), carbon monoxide ("CO"), and particulate matter ("PM"), all of
which are regulated under the District's federally approved or delegated nonattainment new
source review ("NSR") and prevention of significant deterioration ("PSD") programs5 or other
District Clean Air Act programs.
On June 28, 2001, the District completed its evaluation of the title V application for the
Facility and issued the draft title V Permit. Under the District's rules, this action started a
simultaneous 30-day public comment period and a 45-day EPA review period. On August 1,
2001, Mr. Kenneth Kloc of the Environmental Law and Justice Clinic submitted comments to the
'An FDOC describes how a proposed facility will comply with applicable federal, state, and BAAQMD
regulations, including control technology and emission offset requirements of New Source Review. Permit
conditions necessary to insure compliance with applicable regulations are also included.
The FDOC served as an evaluation report for both the CEC 's certificate and the District's authority to
construct ("ATC") permit. The initial ATC was issued by the District shortly after the FDOC under District
application #18595.
ATC permits are federally enforceable pre-construction permits tiat reflect the requirements of the
attainment area prevention of significant deterioration and nonattainment area new source review ("NSR") programs.
The District's NSR requirements are described in Regulation 2, Rule 2. New power plants locating in California
subject to the CEC certification requirements must also comply with Regulation 2, Rule 3, titled Power Plants.
Regulation 2-3-405 requires the District to issue an ATC for a subject facility only after the CEC issues its certificate
for the facility.
4The increased heat input allowed the facility to increase its electrical generating capacity from 520 MW to
555 MW.
5The District was implementing the federal PSD program under a delegation agreement with EPA dated
October 28, 1997. The non-attainment NSR program was most recently SIP-approved by EPA on January 26, 1999.
64 Fed. Re£. 3850.
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District on the draft Los Medanos Permit on behalf of OCE ("OCE's Comment Letter").6 The
District responded to OCE's Comment Letter by a letter dated September 4, 2001, from William
de Boisblanc ("Response to Comments"). EPA Region IX did not object to the proposed permit
during its 45-day review period. The Petition to Object to the Permit, filed by OCE and CARE
and dated October 9, 2001, was received by Region IX on October 12, 2001. EPA calculates the
period for the public to petition the Administrator to object to a permit as if the 30-day public
comment and 45-day EPA review periods run sequentially, accordingly petitioners have 135 days
after the issuance of a draft permit to submit a petition.7 Given that the Petition was filed with
EPA on October 12,2001,1 find that it was timely filed. I also find that the Petition is
appropriately based on objections that were raised with reasonable specificity during the
comment period or that arose after the public comment period expired.8
III. ISSUES RAISED BY I II I PETITIONERS
A. District Breakdown Relief Under Permit Condition I.H. 1
Petitioners' first allegation challenges the inclusion in the Los Medanos Permit of
Condition I.H.I, a provision which incorporates SIP rules allowing a permitted facility to seek
relief from enforcement by the District in the event of a breakdown. Petition at 3. Petitioners
assert that the definition of "breakdown" at Regulation 1-208 would allow relief in situations
beyond those allowed under the Clean Air Act. Specifically, Petitioners allege that the
"definition of 'breakdown' in Regulation 1-208 is much broader than the federal definition of
breakdown, which is provided in 40 CFR Part 70," or more precisely, at 40 CFR § 70.6(g).
Condition I.H.I incorporates District Regulations 1-208, 1-431, 1-432, and 1-433
(collectively the "Breakdown Relief Regulations") into the Permit. Regulation 1-208 defines
breakdown, and Regulations 1-431 through 1-433 describe how an applicant is to notify the
District of a breakdown, how the District is to determine whether the circumstances meet the
definition of a breakdown, and what sort of relief to grant the permittee. To start our analysis, it
6We note that OCE submitted its comments to the District days after the close of the public comment period
established pursuant to the District's Regulation 2-6-412 and 40 CFR § 70.7(h)(4). Though we are responding to the
Petition despite this possible procedural flaw, we reserve our right to raise this issue in any future proceeding.
This 135-day period to petition the Administrator is based on a 30-day District public notice and comment
period, a 45-day EPA review period and the 60-day period for a person to file apetition to objectwithEPA.
8In its Comment Letter, OCE generally raised concerns with the draft Major Facility Review Permit that are
the basis for the Petition. In regard to whether all issues were raised with 'reasonable specificity,'I find that claims
one through four of the Petition were raised adequately in OCE's Comment Letter. The fifth claim, that the District
did not live up to its commitment to make changes to the Permit, can be raised in the Petition since tie grounds for
the claim arose after the public comment period ended. See 40 CFR § 70.8(d). Finally, CARE's non-participation in
the District's notice-and-comment process does not prevent the organization from filing a title V petition because the
regulations allow "any person" to file a petition based on earlier objections raised during the public comment period
regardless of who had filed those earlier comments. See CAA § 505(b)(2); 40 CFR § 70.8(d)
4
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is important to understand the impact of granting relief under the Breakdown Relief Regulations.
Neither Condition I.H.I, nor the SIP provisions it incorporates into the Permit, would allow for
an exemption from an applicable requirement for periods of excess emissions. An "exemption
from an applicable requirement" would mean that the permittee would be deemed not to be in
violation of the requirement during the period of excess emissions. Rather, these Breakdown
Relief Regulations allow an applicant to enter into a proceeding in front of the District that could
ultimately lead to the District employing its enforcement discretion not to seek penalties for
violations of an applicable requirement that occurred during breakdown periods.
Significantly, the Breakdown Relief Regulations have been approved by EPA as part of
the District's federally enforceable SP. 64 Fed. Reg. 34558 (June 28, 1999) (this is the most
recent approval of the District's Regulation 1). Part 70 requires all SIP provisions that apply to a
source to be included in title V permits as "applicable requirements." See In re Pacificorp's Jim
Bridger and Naughton Electric Utility Steam Generating Plants. Petition No. VIII-00-1, at 23-24
("Pacificorp"). On this basis alone, the inclusion of the Breakdown Relief Regulations in the
permit is not objectionable.9
Moreover, Petitioners' allegation that Condition 1.H.1 is inconsistent with 40 CFR §
70.6(g) does not provide a basis for an objection. 40 CFR § 70.6(g) allows a permitting authority
to incorporate into its title V permit program an affirmative defense provision for "emergency"
situations as long as the provision is consistent with the 40 CFR § 70.6(g)(3) elements. Such an
emergency defense then maybe incorporated into permits issued pursuant to that program. As
explained above, these regulations provide relief based on the District's enforcement discretion
and do not provide an affirmative defense to enforcement. Moreover, to the extent the
emergency defense is incorporated into a permit, 40 CFR § 70.6(g)(5) makes clear that the Part
70 affirmative defense type of relief for emergency situations "is in addition to any emergency or
upset provision contained in any applicable requirement." This language clarifies that the Part 70
regulations do not bar the inclusion of applicable SF requirements in title V permits, even if
those applicable requirements contain "emergency" or "upset" provisions such as Condition
l.H.l that may overlap with the emergency defense provision authorized by 40 CFR § 70.6(g).
Also, a review of the Breakdown Relief Regulations themselves demonstrates that they
are not inconsistent with the Clean Air Act, and therefore, not contrary to the Act. A September
28, 1982, EPA policy memorandum from Kathleen Bennet, titled Policy on Excess Emissions
During Startup. Shutdown. Maintenance, and Malfunctions ("1982 Excess Emission Policy"),
explains that "all periods of excess emissions [are] violations of the applicable standard."
Accordingly, the 1982 Excess Emission Policy provides that EPA will not approve automatic
exemptions in operating permits or SFs. However, the 1982 Excess Emission Policy also
9This holds true even if the Petitioner could support an allegation thatEPA had erroneously incorporated
the provisio ns into the SIP. See Pacificorp at 23 ("even if the provision were found not to satisfy the Ac t, EPA co uld
not properly objectto a permit term that is derived from a provision of the federally approved SIP"). However, as
explained below, EPA believes that these provisions were appropriately approved as part of the District's SIP.
5
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explains that EPA can approve, as part of a SIP, provisions that codify an "enforcement
discretion approach." The Agency further refined its position on this topic in a September 20,
1999 policy memorandum from Steven A. Herman and Robert Perciasepe, titled State
Implementation Plans: Policy Regarding Excess Emissions During Malfunctions. Startup, and
Shutdown ("1999 Excess Emission Policy").10 The 1999 Excess Emission Policy explained that
a permitting authority may express its enforcement discretion through appropriate affirmative
defense provisions approved into the SIP as long as the affirmative defense applies only to civil
penalties (and not injunctive relief) and meets certain criteria. As previously explained, the
Breakdown Relief Regulations approved into the District's SIP provide neither an affirmative
defense to an enforcement action nor an automatic exemption from applicable requirements, but
rather serve as a mechanism for the District to use its enforcement discretion. Therefore, I find
that the provision is not inconsistent with the Act.
Finally, Petitioners allege that the inclusion of Condition I.H.I "creates unnecessary
confusion and unwarranted potential defense to federal civil enforcement." Inclusion of
Condition I.H.3 in the Los Medanos Permit clarifies Condition I.H. 1 by stating that "[t]he
granting by the District of breakdown relief. . . will not provide relief from federal enforcement."
Contrary to Petitioners' allegation, we find that addition of this language successfully dispels any
ambiguity as to the impact of the provision, especially as it relates to federal enforceability, and
therefore clears up "confusion" and limits "unwarranted defenses." Forthe reasons stated above,
I deny the Petition as it relates to Condition I.H. 1 and the incorporation of the Breakdown Relief
Regulations into the Permit.
B. Hearing Board Variance Relief Under Permit Condition I.H.2
The Petitioners' second allegation challenges the inclusion in the Los Medanos Permit of
Condition I.H.2, which states that a "permit holder may seek relief from enforcement action for a
violation of any of the terms and conditions of this permit by applying to the District's Hearing
Board for a variance pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 42350. . . ." Petition at 3.
Petitioners make a number of arguments in support of their claim that the reference to
California's Variance Law in the Los Medanos Permit serves as a basis for an objection; none of
these allegations, however, serves as an adequate basis for EPA to object to the Permit.
Health and Safety Code ("HSC") sections 42350 et seq. ("California's Variance Law")
allow a permittee to request an air district hearing board to issue a variance to allow the permittee
to operate in violation of an applicable district rule, or State rule or regulation for a limited time.
Section 42352(a) prohibits the issuance of a variance unless the hearing board makes specific
10 On December 5 , 2001, EPA issued a brief clarification of this policy. Re-Issuance of Clarification - State
Implementation Plans (SIPs); Policy Regarding Excess Emissions During Malfunction, Startup, and Shutdown.
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findings.11 Section 42352(a)(2) limits the availability of variances to situations involving non-
compliance with "any rule, regulation, or order of the district." As part of the variance process,
the hearing board may set a "schedule of increments of progress," to establish milestones and
final deadlines for achieving compliance. See, e.g.. HSC § 42358. EPA has not approved
California's Variance Law into the SIP or Title V program of any air district. See, e.g.. 59 Fed.
Reg. 60939 (Nov. 29, 1994) (proposing to approve BAAQMD's title V program without
California's Variance Law); 60 Fed. Reg. 32606 (June 23, 1995) (granting final interim approval
to BAAQMD's title V program).
Petitioners argue that the "variance relief issued by BAAQMD under state law does not
qualify as emergency breakdown relief authorized by the Title V provisions . . . ." Petition at 4.
As with the Breakdown Relief Regulations, Petitioners' true concern appears to be that Condition
I.H.2 and California's Variance Law are inconsistent with 40 CFR § 70.6(g), which allows for
the incorporation of an affirmative defense provision into a federally approved title V program,
and thus into title V permits. Condition I.H.2 and California's Variance Law, however, do not
need to be consistent with 40 CFR § 70.6(g) because these provisions merely express an aspect
of the District's discretionary enforcement authority under State law rather than incorporate a
Part 70 affirmative defense provision into the Permit.12 As described above, the discretionary
11 HSC section 423 52(a) provides as follows:
No variance shall be granted unless the hearing board makes all of the following findings:
(1) That the petitioner for a variance is, or will be, inviolation of Section 41701 or of any rule,
regulation, or order of the district.
(2) That, due to conditions beyond the reasonable control of the petitioner, requiring compliance
would result in either (A) an arbitrary or unreasonable taking of property, or (B) the practical
closing and elimination of a lawful business. In making tho se findings where the petitioner is a
public agency, the hearing board shall consider whether or not requiring immediate compliance
would impose an unreasonable burden upon an essential public service. For purposes of this
paragraph, "essential public service" means a prison, detention facility, police or firefighting
facility, school, health care facility, landfill gas control or processing facility, sewage treatment
works, or water delivery operation, if owned and operated by a public agency.
(3) That the closing or taking would be without a corresponding benefit in reducing air
contaminants.
(4) That the applicant for the variance has given consideration to curtailing operations of the
source in lieu of obtaining a variance.
(5) During the period the variance is in effect, that the applicant will reduce excess emissions to the
maximum extent feasible.
(6) During the period the variance is in effect, that the applicant will monitor or otherwise quantify
emission levels from the source, if requested to do so by the district, and report these
emission levels to the district pursuant to a schedule established by the district.
12
Government agencies have discretion to not seek penalties or injunctive relief against a noncomplying
source. California's Variance Law recognizes this inherent discretion by codifying the process by which a source
may seek relief through the issuance of a variance. The ultimate decision to grant a variance, however, is still wholly
discretionary, as evidenced by the findings the hearing board must make in order to issue a variance. See HSC
section 42352(a)(l)-(6).
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nature of California's Variance Law is evidenced by the findings set forth in HSC §42538(a) that
a hearing board must make before it can issue a variance.13 Inherent within the process of
making these findings is the hearing board's ability to exercise its discretion to evaluate and
consider the evidence and circumstances underlying the variance application and to reject or
grant, as appropriate, that application. Moreover, the District clearly states in Condition I.H.3.
that the granting by the District of a variance does not "provide relief from federal enforcement,"
which includes enforcement by both EPA and citizens.14 As Condition I.H.2. refers to a
discretionary authority under state law that does not affect the federal enforceability of any
applicable requirement, I do not find its inclusion in the Los Medanos Permit objectionable.
Petitioners also argue that the "variance program is a creature of state law," and therefore
should not be included in the Los Medanos Permit. Petitioners' complaint is obviously without
merit since Part 70 clearly allows for inclusion of state- and local-only requirements in title V
permits as long as they are adequately identified as having only state- or local-only significance.
40 CFR § 70.6(b)(2). For this reason, I find that Petitioners' allegation does not provide a basis
to object to the Los Medanos Permit.
Petitioners further argue that California's Variance Law allows a revision to the approved
SIP in violation of the Act. Petitioners misunderstand the provision. The SIP is comprised of the
State or di strict rules and regulations approved by EPA as meeting CAA requirements. SIP
requirements cannot be modified by an action of the State or District granting a temporary
variance. EPA has long held the view that a variance does not change the underlying SIP
requirements unless and until it is submitted to and approved by EPA for incorporation into the
SIP. For example, since 1976, EPA's regulations have specifically stated: "In order for a
variance to be considered for approval as a revision to the State implementation plan, the State
must submit it in accordance with the requirements of this section." 40 CFR §51.104(d); 41 Fed.
Reg. 18510, 18511 (May 5, 1976).
The fact that the California Variance Law does not allow a revision to the approved SIP is
further evidenced by the law itself. By its very terms, California's Variance Law is limited in
application to "any rule, regulation, or order of the district." HSC § 42352(a)(2) (emphasis
supplied); therefore, the law clearly does not purport to modify the federally approved SIP. In
addition, California's view of the law's effect is consistent with EPA's. For instance, guidance
13
Because of its discretionary nature, California's Variance Law does not impose a legal impediment to the
District's ability to enforce its SIP or title V program. EPA cannot prohibit the District's use of the variance process
as a means for sources to avoid enforcement of permit conditions by tie District unless the misuse of the variance
process results in the District's failure to adequately implement or enforce its title V program, or its other federally
delegated or approved CAA programs. Petitioners have made no such allegation.
14Other BAAQMD information resources on variances also clearly set forth the legal significance of
variances. For example, the application for a variance on BAAQMD's website stales that EPA "does not recognize
California's variance process" and that "EPA can independently pursue legal action based on federal law against the
facility continuing to be in violation."
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issued in 1989 by the California Air Resources Board ("CARB"), the State agency responsible
for preparation of California's SIP, titled Variances and Other Hearing Board Orders as SIP
Revisions or Delayed Compliance Orders Under Federal Law, demonstrates that the State's
position with respect to the federal enforceability and legal consequences of variances is
consistent with EPA's. For example, the guidance states:
State law authorizes hearing boards of air pollution control districts to issue
variances from district rules in appropriate instances. These variances insulate
sources from the imposed state law. However, where the rule in question is part
of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) as approved by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), the variance does not by itself insulate the source from
penalties in actions brought by EPA to enforce the rule as part of the SIP. While
EPA can use enforcement discretion to informally insulate sources from federal
action, formal relief can only come through EPA approval of the local variance.
In 1993, the California Attorney General affirmed this position in a formal legal opinion
submitted to EPA as part of the title V program approval process, stating that "any variance
obtained by the source does not effect [sic] or modify permit terms or conditions . . . nor does it
preclude federal enforcement of permanent terms and conditions." In sum, both the federal and
State governments have long held the view that the issuance of a variance by a district hearing
board does not modify the SIP in any way. For this reason, I find that Petitioners' allegation does
not provide a basis to object to the Los Medanos Permit.
Finally, Petitioners raise concerns that the issuance of variances could "jeopardize
attainment and maintenance of ambient air quality standards" and that inclusion of the variance
provision in the Permit is highly confusing to the regulated community and public. As to the first
concern, Petitioners' allegation is too speculative to provide a basis for an objection to a title V
permit. Moreover, as previously stated, permittees that receive a variance remain subject to all
SIP and federal requirements, as well as federal enforcement for violation of those requirements.
As to Petitioners' final point, I find that including California's Variance Law in title V permits
may actually help clarify the regulatory scheme to the regulated community and the public.
California's Variance Law can be utilized by permittees seeking relief from District or State rules
regardless of whether the Variance Law is referenced in title V permits; therefore, reference to
the Variance Law with appropriate explanatory language as to its limited impact on federal
enforceability helps clarify the actual nature of the law to the regulated community. In short,
since title V permits are meant to contain all applicable federal, State, and local requirements,
with appropriate clarifying language explaining the function and applicability of each
requirement, the District may incorporate California's Variance Law into the Los Medanos
Permit and other title V permits. For reasons stated in this Section, I do not find grounds to
object to the Los Medanos Permit on this issue.
C. Statement of Basis
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Petitioners' third claim is that the Los Medanos Permit lacks a statement of basis, as
required by 40 CFR § 70.7(a)(5). Petition at 5. Petitioners assert that without a statement of
basis it is virtually impossible for the public to evaluate the periodic monitoring requirements (or
lack thereof). Id. They specifically identify the District's failure to include an explanation for its
deci sion not to require certain monitoring, including the lack of any monitoring for opacity,
filterable particulate, or PM limits. Petition at 6-7, n.2. Additionally, Petitioners contend that
BAAQMD fails to include any S02 monitoring for source S-2 (Heat Recovery Steam Generator).
Id.
Section 70.7(a)(5) of EPA's permit regulations states that "the permitting authority shall
provide a statement that sets forth the legal and factual basis for the draft permit conditions
(including references to the applicable statutory or regulatory provisions)." The statement of
basis is not part of the permit itself. It is a separate document which is to be sent to EPA and to
interested persons upon request.15 Id.
A statement of basis ought to contain a brief description of the origin or basis for each
permit condition or exemption. However, it is more than just a short form of the permit. It should
highlight elements that EPA and the public would find important to review. Rather than restating
the permit, it should list anything that deviates from a straight recitation of requirements. The
statement of basis should highlight items such as the permit shield, streamlined conditions, or
any monitoring that is required under 40 C.F.R. 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B) or District Regulation 2-6-503.
Thus, it should include a discussion of the decision-making that went into the development of the
title V permit and provide the permitting authority, the public, and EPA a record of the
applicability and technical issues surrounding the issuance of the permit.16 See e.g.. In Re Port
15Unlike permits, statements of basis are not enforceable, do not set limits and do not create obligations.
16EPA has provided guidance on the content of an adequate statement ofbasis in a letter dated December
20, 200 1, from Region V to the State of Ohio and in a N otice of Deficiency ("NOD") issued to the State of T exas.
(Region V letter to Ohio); 67 Fed.
Reg. 732 (January 7, 2002) (EPA NOD issued to Texas). These documents describe the following five key elements
of a statement ofbasis: (1) a description ofthe facility; (2) adiscussion of any operational flexibility that will be
utilized at the facility; (3) the basis for applying the permit shield; (4) any federal regulatory applicability
determinations; and (5 ) the rationale for the monitoring methods selected. Id. at 735. In addition, the Region V
letter further recommends the inclusion of the following topical discussions in a statement ofbasis: (1) monitoring
and operational restrictions requirements; (2) applicability and exemptions; (3) explanation of any conditions from
previously issued permits that are not being transferred to the title V permit; (4) streamlining requirements; and (5)
certain other factual information as necessary. In a letter dated February 19, 1999 to Mr. David Dixon, Chair of the
CAPCOA Title V Subcommittee, the EPA Region IX Air Division provided guidance to California permitting
authorities that should be considered when developing a statement ofbasis for purposes of EPA Region IX's review.
This guidance is consistent with the other guidance cited above. Each of the various guidance documents, including
the Texas NOD and the Region V and IX letters, provide generalized recommendations for developing an adequate
statement ofbasis rather than "hard and fast" rules on what to include in any given statement ofbasis. Taken as a
whole, these recommendations provide a good road map as to what should be included in a statement ofbasis
considering, for example, the technical complexity of the permit, the history of the facility, and any new provisions,
such as periodic monitoring conditions, that the permitting authority has drafted in conjunction with issuing the title
10
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Hudson Operation Georgia Pacific. Petition No. 6-03-01, at pages 37-40 (May 9, 2003)
("Georgia Pacific"); In Re Doe Run Company Buick Mill and Mine. Petition No. VII-1999-001,
at pages 24-25 (July 31, 2002) ("Doe Run"). Finally, in responding to a petition filed in regard to
the Fort James Camas Mill title V permit, EPA interpreted 40 CFR § 70.7(a)(5) to require that
the rationale for selected monitoring method be documented in the permit record. See In Re
Fort James Camas Mill. Petition No. X-1999-1, at page 8 (December 22, 2000) ("Ft. James"!
EPA's regulations state that the permitting authority must provide EPA with a statement
of basis. 40 CFR § 70.7(a)(5). The failure of a permitting authority to meet this procedural
requirement, however, does not necessarily demonstrate that 1he title V permit is substantively
flawed. In reviewing a petition to object to a title V permit because of an alleged failure of the
permitting authority to meet all procedural requirements in issuing the permit, EPA considers
whether the petitioner has demonstrated that the permitting authority's failure resulted in, or may
have resulted in, a deficiency in the content of the permit. See CAA § 505(b)(2) (objection
required "if the petitioner demonstrates . . . that the permit is not in compliance with the
requirements of this Act, including the requirements of the applicable [SIP]"); see also. 40 CFR §
70.8(c)(1). Thus, where the record as a whole supports the terms and conditions of the permit,
flaws in the statement of basis generally will not result in an objection. See e.g.. Doe Run at 24-
25. In contrast, where flaws in the statement of basis resulted in, or may have resulted in,
deficiencies in the title V permit, EPA will object to the issuance of the permit. See e.g.. Ft.
James at 8; Georgia Pacific at 37-40.
In this case, as discussed below, the permitting authority's failure to adequately explain
its permitting decisions either in the statement of basis or elsewhere in the permit record is such a
serious flaw that the adequacy of the permit itself is in question. By reopening the permit, the
permitting authority is ensuring compliance with the fundamental title V procedural requirements
of adequate public notice and comment required by sections 502(b)(6) and 503(e) of the Clean
Air Act and 40 CFR § 70.7(h), as well as ensuring that the rationale for the selected monitoring
method, or lack of monitoring, is clearly explained and documented in the permit record. See 40
CFR §§ 70.7(a)(5) and 70.8(c); Ft. James at 8.
For the proposed Los Medanos Permit, the District did not provide EPA with a separate
statement of basis document. In a meeting with EPA representatives held on October 31, 2001,
at the Region 9 offices, the District claimed that it complied with the statement of basis
requirements for the Los Medanos Permit because it incorporated all of the necessary explanatory
information either directly into the Permit or it included such information in other supporting
documentation.17 As such, the District argues, at a minimum, it complied with the substantive
requirements of a statement of basis.
V permit.
17
This meeting along with the others held with the District were for fact-gathering purposes only. In a
November 8, 2001 meeting at the Region 9 offices, the Petitioners were likewise provided the opportunity to present
facts pertaining to the Petition to EPA representatives.
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In responding to the Petition, we reviewed the final Los Medanos Permit and all
supporting documentation, which included the proposed Permit, the FDOC drafted by the
District for purposes of licensing the power plant with the CEC, and the "Permit Evaluation and
Emission Calculations" ("Permit Evaluation") which was developed in March 2001 as part of the
modification to the previously issued ATC permit. Although the District provided some
explanation in this supporting documentation as to the factual and legal basis for certain terms
and conditions of the Permit, this documentation did not sufficiently set forth the basis or
rationale for many other terms and conditions. Generally speaking, the District's record for the
Permit does not adequately support: (1) the factual basis for certain standard title V conditions;
(2) applicability determinations for source-specific applicable requirements, such as the Acid
Rain requirements and New Source Performance Standards ("NSPS"); (3) exclusion of certain
NSR and PSD conditions contained in underlying ATC permits; (4) recordkeeping decisions and
periodic monitoring decisions under 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B) and District Regulation 2-6-503; and (5)
streamlining analyses, including a discussion of permit shields.
EPA Region 9 identified numerous specific deficiencies falling under each of these broad
categories.18 For example, the District's permit record does not adequately support the basis for
certain source-specific applicable requirements identified in Section IV of the Permit, especially
those regarding the applicability or non-applicability of subsections rules that apply to particular
types of units such the as NSPS for combustion turbines or SIP-approved District Regulations.
For instance, in table IV-B and D of the Permit, the District indicates that subsection 303 of
District Regulation 9-3, which sets forth NOx emission limitations, applies to certain emission
units. However, the permit record fails to describe why subsection 601 of the same District
Regulation, an otherwise seemingly applicable provision, is not included in the tables as an
applicable requirement. Subsection 601 establishes how exhaust gases should be sampled and
analyzed to determine NOx concentrations for purposes of compliance with subsection 303.
Similarly, in the same tables, the District lists certain applicable NSPS subsections, such as those
in 40 CFR Part 60 Subparts Da and GG, but does not explain why these subsections apply to
those specific emission units nor why other seemingly applicable subsections of the sameNSPS
regulations do not apply to those units.19
The permit recoid also fails to explain the District's streamlining decisions of certain
18 EPA Region 9 Permits Office described these areas of concern in greater detail in a memorandum dated
March 29, 2002, "Region 9 Review of Statement of Basis for Los Medanos title V Permit in Response to Petition to
Object." This memorandum is part of the administrative record for this Order and was reviewed in responding to
this Petition.
19 The tables in Section IV pertaining to certain gas turbines located at the Facility cite to 40 CFR
60.332(a)(1) as an applicable requirement. However, these same tables fail to cite to subsections 40 CFR
60.332(a)(2) through 60.332(1) of the same NSPS program even though these provisions also apply to gas turbines.
The District's feilure to provide any sort of discussion or explanation as to the applicability or non-applicability of
the subsections of 40 CFR 60.3 32 makes it impossible to review the District's applicability determinations for this
NSPS.
12
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underlying ATC permit conditions as set forth in Section VI of the Permit. The District
apparently modified or streamlined the ATC conditions in the context of the title V permitting
process but failed to provide an explanation in the permit record as to the basis for the change to
the conditions. For instance, Condition 53 of Section VI states that the condition was "[djeleted
[on] August, 2001," but the District fails to discuss or explain anywhere in the permit record the
basis for this deletion or the nature of the original condition that was deleted.
As a final example of the District's failure to provide a basis or rationale for permit terms,
in accordance with Petitioner's claim, the permit record is devoid of discussion pertaining to how
or why the selected monitoring is sufficient to assure compliance with the applicable
requirements. See 69 Fed. Reg. 3202, 3207 (Jan. 22, 2004). Most importantly, for those
applicable requirements which do not otherwise have monitoring requirements, the Permit fails
to require monitoring pursuant to 40 C.F.R. 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B), and the permit record fails to
discuss or explain why no monitoring should be required under this provision. As evidenced by
these specific examples, I find the District did not provide an adequate analysis or discussion of
the terms and conditions of the proposed Los Medanos Permit.
To conclude, by failing to draft a separate statement of basis document and by failing to
include appropriate discussion in the Permit or other supporting documentation, the District has
failed to provide an adequate explanation or rationale for many significant elements of the
Permit. As such, I find that the Petitioners' claim in regard to this issue is well founded, and by
this Order, I am requiring the District to reopen the Los Medanos Permit, and make available to
the public an adequate statement of basis that provides the public and EPA an opportunity to
comment on the title V permit and its terms and conditions as to the issues identified above.
D. Inadequate Permit Conditions
Petitioners' fourth claim is that Condition 22 in the Los Medanos Permit is
unenforceable. The Petitioners claim that this condition "appears to defer the development of a
number of permit conditions related to transient, non-steady state conditions to a time after
approval of the Title V permit." Petition at 7. The Petitioners recommend that "a reasonable set
of conditions should be defined" and amended through the permit modification process to
conform to new data in the future. I disagree with the Petitioners on this issue.
As Petitioners correctly note, Part 70 and the Act require that "conditions in a Title V
permit. . . be enforceable." However, they argue that "Condition 22 is presently unenforceable
and must be deleted from the permit." I find that the condition challenged by the Petitioners is
enforceable.
Conditions 21 and 22 establish NOx emissions levels for units P-l and P-2, including
limits for transient, non-steady state conditions. Condition 22(f) requires the permittee to gather
data and draft and submit an operation and maintenance plan to control transient, non-steady
13
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state emissions for units P-l and P-220 within 15 months of issuance of the permit. Condition
22(g) creates a process for the District, after consideration of continuous monitoring and source
test data, to fine-tune on a semi-annual basis the NOx emission limit for units P-l and P-2 during
transient, non-steady state conditions and to modify data collection and recordkeeping
requirements for the permittee.
These requirements are enforceable. EPA and the District can enforce both Condition
22(f)'s requirement to draft and submit an operation and maintenance plan for agency approval
and the control measures adopted under the plan after approval. Fcr Condition 22(g), the process
for the District to modify emission limits and/or data collection and recordkeeping requirements
is clearly set forth in the Permit and the modified terms will be federally enforceable. Moreover,
the circumstances that trigger application of Condition 22 are specifically defined since
Condition 22(c) precisely defines "transient, non-steady state condition" as when "one or more
equipment design features is unable to support rapid changes in operation and respond to and
adjust all operating parameters required to maintain the steady-state NOx emission limit
specified in Condition 21(b)." As such, I find that Condition 22 is federally and practically
enforceable. Therefore, Petitioners' claim on this count is not supported by the plain language of
the Permit itself.
Moreover, to the extent that Petitioners are concerned that Lowest Achievable Emission
Rate ("LAER")21 emission standards are being set Ihrough a process that does not incorporate
appropriate NSR, PSD, and title V public notice and comment processes, such concerns are not
well-founded. By its very terms, the Permit prohibits relaxation of the LAER emissions
standards set in the permitting process. Condition 21(b) of the Permit sets a LAER-level
emission standard of 2.5 ppmv NOx, averaged over any 1-hour period, forunits P-l and P-2 for
all operational conditions other than transient, non-steady state conditions. Condition 22(a) sets
the limit for transient, non-steady state conditions of 2.5 ppmv NOx, averaged over any rolling 3-
hour period.22 Implementation of Condition 22 cannot relax the LAER-level emission limits.
Condition 22(f) merely requires further data-collecting, planning, and implementation of control
20
Unit P-l is defined as "the combined exhaust point for the S-l Gas Turbine and the S-2 HRSG after
control by the A-l SCR System and A-2 Oxidation Catalyst" and unit P-2 is defined as "tie combined exhaust point
for the S-3 Gas Turbine and the S-4 HRSG after control by the A-3 SCR System and A-4 Oxidation Catalyst."
Permit, Condition 21 (a).
21
LAER is the level of emission control required for all new and modified major sources subject to tie NSR
requirements ofSection 173, Part D, ofthe CAA for non-attainment areas. 42 U.S.C. § 7501-15. Since the Bay
Area is non-attainment for ozone, the Facility must meet LAER-level emission controls for NOx emission since NOx
is a pre-cursor of ozone. California uses different terminology than the CAA when applying LAER, however. In
California, best available control technology ("BACT") is consistent with LAER-level controls, and California and
its local permitting authorities use this terminology when issuing permits.
22
The District determined this limit to be LAER for transient, non-steady state conditions because, as the
District stated in its Response to Comments, "the NOx emission limit (2.5 ppmv averaged over one hour) during load
changes .... ha[s] not yet been achieved in practice by any utility-scale power plant."
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measures for transient, non-steady state emissions that go beyond those already established to
comply with LAER requirements. While Condition 22(g) does allow the District to modify the
emission limit during transient, non-steady state conditions,23 this new limit cannot exceed the
"backstop" LAER-level limit set by Condition 22(a). As such, Condition 22(g) serves to only
make overall emission limits more stringent. The District itself recognized the "no backsliding"
nature of Conditions 22(f) and (g) on page 3 of its Response to Comments where it stated that the
Facility "must comply with 'backstop' NOx emission limit of 2.5 ppmv, averaged over 3 hours,
under all circumstances and comply with all hourly, daily and annual mass NOx emission
limits."24
Finally, for any control measures; further data collection, recordkeeping or monitoring
requirements; new definitions; or emission limits established pursuant to Conditions 22(f) or (g)
that are to be incorporated into the permit, the District must utilize the appropriate title V permit
modification procedures set forth in 40 CFR § 70.7(d) and the District's Regulation 2-6-415 to
modify the Permit. The District itself recognizes this in Condition 22(g) by stating that "the Title
V operating permit shall be amended as necessary to reflect the data collection and recordkeeping
requirements established under 22(g)(ii)." For the reasons described above, we do not find
Conditions 22(f) and (g) unenforceable or otherwise objectionable for inclusion in the Los
Medanos Permit.
E. Failure to Incorporate Agreed-to Changes
The final claim by the Petitioners is that the District agreed to incorporate certain changes
into the final Los Medanos Permit but failed to do so. Namely, Petitioners claim that the District
failed to keep its commitments to OCE to add language requiring recordkeeping for stipulated
abatement strategies under SIP-approved Regulation 4 and to add clarifying language about NOx
monitoring requirements. The District appeared to make these commitments in its Response to
Comment Letter. These allegations do not provide a basis for objecting to the Permit because
neither change is necessary to ensure that the District is properly including all applicable
requirements in the permit nor are they necessary to assure compliance with the underlying
applicable requirements. CAA § 504(a); 40 CFR § 70.6(a)(3).
The first change sought by OCE during the comment period was a requirement that the
23
The District may modify the emission limit during transient, non-steady state conditions every 6 months
for the first 24 months after the start of the Commissioning period. The Commissioning period commences "when
all mechanical, electrical, and control systems are installed and individual system start-up has been completed, or
when a gas turbine is first fired, whichever comes first. . . The Commissioning period terminates "when tie plant
has completed performance testing, is available for commercial operation, and has initiated sales to the power
exchange." Permit, at page 34.
24
The purpose of Condition 22, as stated by the District, is to allow for limited "excursions above the
emission limit that could potentially occur under unforeseen circumstances beyond [the Facility's] control." This is
the rationale for the three hour averaging period for transient, non-steady state conditions rather than the one hour
averaging period of Condition 21(b) for all other periods.
15
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Facility document response actions taken during periods of heightened air pollution. The
District's Regulation 4 establishes control and advisory procedures for large air emission sources
when specified levels of ambient air contamination have been reached and prescribes certain
abatement actions to be implemented by each air source when action alert levels of air pollution
are reached. OCE recommended that the District require recordkeeping in the title V permit to
"insure that the stipulated abatement strategies [of Regulation 4] are implemented during air
pollution events," and the District appeared to agree to such a recommendation in its Response to
Comments. Although the recordkeeping suggested by Petitioners would be helpful, Petitioners
have not shown that it is required by title V, the SIP, or any federal regulation, and therefore, this
failure to include it is not a basis for objecting to the permit.
The Part 70 regulations set the minimum standard for inclusion of monitoring and
recordkeeping requirements in title V permits. See 40 CFR § 70.6(a)(3). These provisions
require that each permit contain "periodic monitoring sufficient to yield reliable data from the
relevant time period that are representative of the source's compliance with the permit" where
the applicable requirement does not require periodic testing or instrumental or noninstrumental
monitoring (which may consist of recordkeeping designed to serve as monitoring). 40 CFR §
70.6(a)(3)(i)(B). There may be limited cases in which the establishment of a regular program of
monitoring and/or recordkeeping would not significantly enhance the ability of the permit to
reasonably assure compliance with the applicable requirement and where the status quo (i.e., no
monitoring or recordkeeping) could meet the requirements of 40 CFR § 70.6(a)(3). Such is the
case here.
Air pollution alert events occur infrequently, and therefore, compliance with Regulation 4
is a minimal part of the source's overall compliance with SIP requirements. More importantly,
Regulation 4-303 abatement requirements mostly impose a ban on direct burning or incineration
during air pollution alert events, activities which are unlikely to occur at a gas-fired power plant
such as the Facility and in any case are easy to monitor by District inspectors. The other
Regulation 4-303 requirements are mostly voluntary actions to be taken by the sources, such as
reduction in use of motor vehicles, and therefore do not require compliance monitoring or
recordkeeping to assure compliance. Since the activities regulated by Regulation 4 are unlikely
to occur at the Facility, and compliance is easily verified by District inspectors, recordkeeping is
not necessary to assure compliance with Regulation 4. Therefore, further recordkeeping
requirements sought by the Petitioners are not required by 40 CFR § 70.6(a)(3).
The second change sought by the Petitioners is to add language to Condition 36
clarifying why certain pollutants, such as NOx emissions, are exempt from mass emission
calculations. On page 3 of the District's Response to Comments, the District explained that the
NOx emissions are exempt from the mass emission calculations because they are measured
directly through CEMS monitoring, whereas the other pollutant emissions subject to the
calculations do not have equivalent CEMS monitoring. Though this clarification is helpful, it
does not need to be incorporated into the title V permit itself. Therefore, its non-inclusion in the
Permit does not provide a basis for an EPA objection to the Permit. To the extent that such
16
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clarifying language is important, it should be included in the statement of basis, however. Since
the District will be drafting a statement of basis for the Los Medanos Permit due to the partial
granting of the Petition, we recommend that the clarifying language for Condition 36 be included
in the newly drafted statement of basis.
Though we hope that permitting authorities would generally fulfill commitments made to
the public, we find that the Petitioners' fifth claim does not provide a basis for an objection to the
Los Medanos Permit for the reasons described above. The mere fact that the District committed
to make certain changes, yet did not follow through on those commitments, does not provide a
basis for an objection to a title V permit. Petitioners have provided no other reason why the
agreed upon changes must be made to the permit beyond the District's commitments. I
accordingly deny Petitioners' request to veto the permit on these grounds.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above and pursuant to Section 505(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act, I
am granting the Petitioners' request that the Administrator object to the issuance of the Los
Medanos Permit with respect to the statement of basis issue and am denying the Petition with
respect to the other allegations.
Mav 24. 2004 /S/
Date Michael O. Leavitt
Administrator
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BEFORE THE ADMINISTRATOR
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
En the Matter of Valero Refining Co
Benicia, California facility
Petition No- IX-2004-07
Major Facility Review Permit
Facility No, B2G26
Issued by the Bay Area Air Quality
Management District
ORDER RESPONDING TO
PETITIONER'S REQUEST THAT THE
ADMINISTRATOR OBJECT TO
ISSUANCE OF A STATE OPERATING
PERMIT
ORDER DENYING IN PART AND GRANTING IN PART
A PETITION FOR OBJECTION TO PERMIT
On December 7, 2004, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") received a petition
("Petition") from Our Children's Earth Foundation ("OCE" or "Petitioner") requesting that the
EPA Administrator object to the issuance of a state operating permit from the Bay Area Air
Quality Management District ("BAAQMD" or "District") to Valero Refining Co. to operate its
petroleum refinery located in Benieia, California ("Permit"), pursuant to title V of the Clean Air
Act ("CAA" or "the Act"), 42 US-C §§ 7661-7661 f, CAA §§ 501-507, EPA's implementing
regulations in 40 C.F.R, Part 70 ("Part 70"), and the District's approved Pan 70 program- See 66
Fed, Reg. 63503 (Dec. 7, 2G01).
Petitioner requested EPA object to the Permit on several grounds. In particular,
Petitioner alleged that the Permit failed to properly require compliance with applicable
requirements pertaining to, inter alia, flares, cooling towers, process units, electrostatic
precipitators, and other waste streams and units- Petitioner identified several alleged flaws ill the
Permit application and issuance, including a deficient Statement of Basis. Finally, Petitioners
alleged that the permit impermissibly lacked a compliance schedule and failed to include
monitoring for several applicable requirements,
EPA has now fully reviewed the Petitioner's allegations pursuant to the standard sd forth
in section 505(b)(2) of the Act, which places the burden on the petitioner to "demonstrate^ lo the
Administrator that the permit is not in compliance" with the applicable requirements of the Act
or the requirements of part 70, see also 40 C.F.R, § 70.8(c)(1), and 1 hereby respond to them by
this Order. In considering the allegations, EPA reviewed the Hermit and related materials and
information provided by the Petitioner in the Petition-1 Based on this review, I partially deny and
'On March 7. 2005 EPA received a lengthy (over 250 pages, including appendices), detailed submission
from Valero Refining Company regarding this Petition- Hue lo the fact itwl Valero fta fining Company made its
submission very shortly before RPA's set! It me nt agreement deadline for res ponding ro the Petition and (he size of the
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partially grant the Petitioner's request that I object to issuance of the Permit for the reasons
described below.
I. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK.
Section 502(d)( I) of the Acl calls upon each State tq develop and submit to EPA an
operating permit program to meet the requirements of title V. [n 1995, EPA granted interim
approval to the title V operating permit program submitted by BAAQMD. 60 Fed. Reg. 32606
(June 23, 1995); 40 CF.R. Part 70, Appendix A. Effective November 30, 2001, EPA granted
full approval to BAAQMD's title V operating permit program. 66 Fed. Reg. 63503 (Dec, 7,
2001.).
Major stationary sources of air pollution and other sources covered by title V arc required
to apply for an operating permit lhat includes applicable emission limitations and such other
conditions as are necessary to assure compliance with applicable requirements of the Act. See
CAA §§ 502(a) and 504(a). The title V operating permit program does not generally impose new
substantive air quality control requirements (which are referred to as ''applicable requirements"),
but does require permits to contain monitoring, recordkeeping, reporting, and other compliance
requirements when not adequately required by existing applicable requirements to assure
compliance by sources with existing applicable emission control requirements. 57 Fed. Reg,
32250, 32251 (July 21, 1992). One purpose of the title V program is to enable the source, EPA,
permitting authorities, and the public to better understand the applicable requirements to which
the source is subject and whether the source is meeting those requirements, Thus> the title V
operating permits program is a vehicle for ensuring that existing air quality control requirements
are appropriately applied to facility emission units and that compliance with these requirements
is assured.
Under section 505(a) of the Act and 40 C.F.R. § 70.8(a), permitting authorities are
required to submit all operating permits proposed pursuant to title V to EPA for review. If EPA
determines that a permit is not in compliance with applicable requirements or the requirements of
40 CF.R. Part 70, EPA will object to the permit. If EPA does not object to a permit on its own
initiative, section 505(b)(2) of the Act and 40 C F.R. § 70.8(d) provide that any person may
petition the Administrator, within 60 days of the expiration of EPA's 45-day review period, to
object to the permit. Section 505(b)(2) of the Act requires the Administrator to issue a permit
objection if a petitioner demonstrates lhat a permit is not in compliance with the requirements of
the Act, including the requirements of Part 70 and the applicable implementation plan. See, 40
C.F.R. § 70.8(c)(1); New York Public Interest Research Group, Inc. v. Whitman, 321 F.3d 316,
333 n. 11 (2d Cir. 2003). Pari 70 requires that a petition must be "based only on objections to the
submission, LP A was not able to icview the Submission itself, nor was it able to provide the Peiitjoner an opjjortunity
to respond to the submission, Although the Agency previously has tonsidcrcd submissions from permittees in some
instances where CPA was able lo Fully review the submission and provide ihe petitioners with a chance lo review and
tespond lo the submissions, time did not allow for either condition here. 'Hierefort, EPA did not consider Valero
Refining Company's submission when responding to the Petition via this Order.
2
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permit that were raised with reasonable specificity during the public comment period. .unless
the petitioner demonstrates that it was impracticable to Taise such objections within sucli period,
or unless the grounds for such objection arose after such period." 40 C,F.R. § 70.8(d). A
petition for objection does not stay the effectiveness of the permit or its requirements if the
permit was issued after the expiration of EPA's 45-day review period and before receipt of an
objection, If EPA objects to a permit in response to a petition and the permit has been issued, the
permitting authority or EPA will modify, terminate, or revoke and reissue such a permit using the
procedures in 40 C-FJR. §§ 70.7(g)(4) or (5)(i) and (ii) for reopening a permit for cause.
IL PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
A Permitting Chronology
BAAQMD held its first public comment period for the Valero permit, as well as
BAAQMD's other title V refinery permits from June through September 2002.1 BAAQMD held
a public hearing regarding the refinery permits on July 29, 2002. From August 5 to September
22, 2003, BAAQMD held a second public comment period for the permits. EPA's 45-day
review of BAAQMD *s initial proposed permits ran concurrently with this second public
comment period, from August 13 to September 26, 2003. EPA did not object to any of the
proposed permits under CAA section 505(b)(1). The deadline for submitting CAA section
505(b)(2) petitions was November 25, 2003. EPA received petitions regarding the Valero Permit
from Valero Refining Company and from Our Children's Earth Foundation. EPA also received
section 505(b)(2) petitions regarding three of DAAQMD's other refinery permits.
On December I, 2003, BAAQMD issued its initial title V permits for the Bay Area
refineries, including the Valero facility On December 12, 2003, EPA informed the District of
EPA's finding that cause existed to reopen the refinery permits because the District had net
submitted proposed permits to EPA as required by title V, Part 70 and B AAQMD's approved
title V program. See Letter from Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division, EPA Region 9 to Jack
Broadbent, Air Pollution Control Oflicer, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, dated
December i 2, 2003. EPA's finding was based on the fact that the District had substantially
revised the permits in response to public comments without re-submitting proposed permits to
EPA for another 4 5-day review. As a result of the reopening, EPA required BAAQMD to submit
to EPA new proposed permits allowing EPA an additional 45-day review period and an
opportunity to object to a permit if it failed to meet the standards set forth in section 505(b)(1).
On December 19, 2003, ERA dismissed all of the section 505(b)(2) petitions seeking
objections to the refinery permits as unripe because of the just-initiated reopening process. See
e.g., Letters from Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division, EPA Region 9, to John T, Hansen,
'There arc a iotat of live petroleum refineries in the Bay Area: Chevron Producls Company's Richmond
refinery, ConocoPhillips Company's San Francisco Refinery in Rodeo, Shell Oil Company's Martinez Refinery,
Tesoro Rifining and Marketing Company's Martinez refinery, and Valero Refining Company's Ucnicia facility.
3
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Pillsbury Winthrop, LLP (representing Valero) and to Marcel in E, Keevcr, Environmental Law
and Justice Clinic, Golden Gate University School of Law (representing Our Children's Earth
Foundation and other groups) dated December 19, 2003. EPA also stated that the reopening
process would allow the public an opportunity Lo submit new section 505(b)(2) petitions alter the
reopening was completed. In February 2004, three groups filed challenges in the United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit regarding EPA's dismissal of their section 505(b)(2)
petitions. The parties resolved this litigation by a settlement agreement under which EPA agreed
to respond to new petitions (i.e., those submitted after EPA's receipt of BAAQMD's re-proposed
permits, such as this Petition) from the litigants by March 15, 2005, See 69 Fed, Reg^ 46536
(Aug. 3, 2004).
13AAQMD submitted a new proposed permit for Valero to EPA on August 26, 2004;
EPA's 45-day review period ended on OctobeT 10, 2004. EPA objected to the Valero Permit
under CAA section 505(b)(1) on one issue: the District's failure to require adequate monitoring,
or a design review, of thermal oxidizers subject lo EPA's New Source Performance Standards
and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
B Timeliness of Petition
The deadline for filing section 505(bX^} petitions expired on December 9, 2004. EPA
finds that the Petition was submitted on December 7, 2004, which is within the 60-day time
frame established by the Act and Part 70, EPA therefore finds that the Petition is timely.
m ISSUES RAISED BY PETITIONER
A Compliance with Applicable Requirements
Petitioner alleges that EPA must object to the Permit on the basis of alleged deficiencies
Petitioner claims EPA identified in correspondence with the District dated July 28, August 2, and
October 8, 2004. Petitioner alleges that EPA and BAAQMD engaged in a procedure that
allowed issuance of a deficient Permit, Petition at 6-10. EPA disagrees with Petitioner that it
was required to object to the Permit under section 505(b)(1) or that it followed an inappropriate
procedure during its 45-day review period.
As a threshold matter, EPA notes that Petitioner's claims addressed in this section are
limited to a mere paraphrasing of comments EPA provided to the District in the above-referenced
correspondence. Petitioner did not include in the Petition any additional facts or legal analysis to
support its claims that EPA should object to the Permit. Section 505(b)(2) of the Act places the
burden on the petitioner to "demonstrate[] to the Administrator that the permit is not in
compliance" with the applicable requirements of the Act or the requirements of part 70. See afso
40C.F.R. § 70.8(c)(1)', NYP1RG, 321 F.3d at 333 n.ll. Furthermore, in reviewing a petition to
object to a title V permit because of an alleged failure of the permitting authority to meet all
procedural requirements in issuing the permit, EPA considers whether the petitioner has
A
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demonstrated that, the permitting authority's failure resulted in, or may have resulted in, a
deficiency in the content of the permit. See CAA § 505(bX2); see also 40 CF-R- § 70,8(e)(1); hi
the Matter of Los Medanos Energy Center, at 11 (May 24, 2004) ("Los Medanos fn the Ma tier
of Doe Run Company Buick Mi!! and Mine7 Petition No. VU-1999-001, at 24-25 (July 31,2002)
("Doe Run"). Petitioner bears the burden of demonstrating a deficiency in the permit whdher the
alleged flaw was first identified by Petitioner or by EPA. See 42 IJ.S.C. § 7G6ld(b}(2). Because
f his section of the Petition is little more than a summary of EPA's comments on the Permit, with
no additional information or analysis, it does not demonstrate that there is a deficiency in the
Permit.
1. EPA's July 28 and August 2, 2004 Correspondence
Petitioner overstates the legal significance of EPA's correspondence to the District dated
July 28 and August 2, 2004. This correspondence, which took piace between EPA and the
District during the permitting process but before BAAQMD submitted the proposed Permit to
EPA for review, was clearly identified as "issues for discussion" and did not have any formal or
legal effect, Nonetheless, EPA is addressing the substantive aspects of Petitioner's allegation
regarding the applicability and enforceability of provisions relating to 40 C,F,R, § 60.I04{a){l} in
Section ID G, L
2 Attachment 2 of EPA's October 8, 2tX)4 Letter
EPA's letter to the District dated October 8, 2004 contained the Agency's formal position
with respect to the proposed Permit, See Letter from Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division,
EPA Region 9 to Jack Broadbent, Air Pollution Control Officer, BAAQMD, dated October 8,
2004 ("EPA October 8, 2004 Letter"). Attachment 2 of the letter requested the District to review
whether the following regulations and requirements were appropriately handled in the Permit:
Applicability of 40 C,F.R. Part 63, Subpart CC to flares
Applicability of Regulation 8-2 to cooling towers
* Applicability of NSPS Subpart QQQ to new process units
Applicability of NESHAP Subpart FF to benzene waste streams according to annual
average water content
Compliance with NESHAP Subpart FF for benzene waste streams
• Parametric monitoring for electrostatic precipitators
EPA and the Districl agreed that this review would be completed by February 15, 2005
and that the District would solicit public comment for any necessary changes by April 15,2005.
Contrary to Petitioner's allegation, EPA's approach to addressing these uncertainties was
appropriate. The Agency pressed the District to re-analyze these issues and obtained the
District's agreement to follow a schedule to bring these issues to closure. EPA notes again that
the Petition itself provides no additional factual or legal analysis that would resolve these
applicability issues and demonstrate that the Permit is indeed lacking an applicable requirement
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Progress in resolving these issues is attributable solely to (he mechanism set in place by EPA and
the District.
EPA has received the results of BAAQMD's review, see. Letter from Jack Broadbenl, Air
Pollution Control Officer, BAAQMD, to Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division, EPA Region y,
dated February 15, 2005 C'BAAQMD February 15, 2005 Letter"), and is making the following
findings-
a. Applicability of 40 C.F.R. Part 63, Subpart CC to Flares
This issue is addressed in Section ELH
b Cooling Tower Monitoring
This issue is addressed at Section TTT G 1
Applicability of NSPS Subpart QQQ lo New Process Units
Petitioner claims EPA determined that the Statement of Basis failed to discuss the
applicability of NSPS Subpart QQQ for two new process units at the facility.
In an applicability determination for Valero's sewer collection system {S-161), the
District made a general reference to two new process units that had been constructed since 1987,
the date after which constructed, modified, or reconstructed sources became subject to New
Source Performance Standard ("NSPS") Subpart QQQ- The District further indicated that
process wastewater from these units is hand-piped to an enclosed system. However, the District
did not discuss the applicability of Subpart QQQ for these units or the associated piping. As a
result, it was not clear whether applicable requirements were omitted from the proposed Permit.
In response to EPA's request for more information on this matter, the District stated in a
letter dated February 15,2005' that the process units are each served by separate storm water and
sewer systems. The District has concluded that the storm water system is exempt from Subpart
QQQ pursuant to 40 C.F.R. 60.692-1(d)(1). However, with regard to Ihc sewer system, the
District stated the following:
The second sewer system is the process drain system that contains oily water waste
streams. This system is "hard-piped" to the slop oil system where Ihe wastewater is
separated and sent to the sour water stripper. From the sour water stripper, the
wastewater {is] sent directly to secondary treatment in the WWTP where it is processed in
the Bio* units.
Letter froirt Jack Broadbenl, Executive Office/APCO, Bay Area Air Quality Management District to
Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division, EPA Region 9.
6
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The Cfeiria wiif review Hie d«a»is of the new process *Jram wymtm mi determine the
applicable ni-adai-ifo. A preiimin&ty review iodficatesi iai, dr%£ Chis- sysierti ss baM*fsiped
with £B ertiissiotks, Ihe tic* process drain system may !ws beta included in the slep oil
system., Specifically S-&1 ami/or SUM, If this is ||k C4S#, Tp} was ignored by the
District in ita applpeabilily dstermiii^lipn & eondfi^ed i>r the facility.
The Statement of Bask far the ppsposed P-ercnsl included ati applicability defeiininaiCicMi
for Valero-'s Sewer Pipelitte aad Process Oraias, *hith slated the following:
Valero cosipiies with FF through 61.342(e)(2)(j), which allows the facility 6
Mf/y? of yticaiilreiJcd b#i££t*& w»stt Tikis, facilities arc .altowM to eStcKw
tshrlber tie bensccac waste steams arc cstiiroll&d of aiseomroiisd as foag as lite
uncontrolled stream quantifies, ratal les> thati 6 Mg/y*... Because the sewer and
wmzmz drains are uncontrolled, they are not subject io ftl 346, the sta&dank for
individual drain svsteraf.
La its October §, 2U(M letter. HP A raised concerns over ihis applicability det-sfmiitaifort
du" to the District's failure to discuss the control requirements in 40 C.F.R, f 6L142{<;XJ)-
Under th« choswn cooiplian<8>oplioii» mly wastes, thai have m average wtier «OTftesfc of Id% cm1
grealer may gs uncontrolled is-ee 40 C-F.R. § 61342(e)(2)) and it was not dear ftom th$
applicability delennifialieri ihst the. smissi&fi fGurffiSi met this re£jutrsme-Rl. In f#EPA*$
r*q««st for mom mfeimrtkm add Section
7
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61.342(e)(1) to the source-specific tables for all sources that handle non-aqueous benzene waste
streams or explain in the Statement of Basis why Section 61.342(c)(1) does not apply.
e. 40 C.F.R. Part 61, Subpart FF - 6BQ Compliance Option
Referencing EPA's October 8, 2004 letter, petitioner claims that EPA identified an
incorrect applicability determination regarding the 6BQ compliance option for benzene waste
streams under 40 C,F,R. § 61.342(e), Petitioner claims that this should have resulted in an
objection by EPA.
The EPA comment referenced by Petitioner is issue #12 in Attacliment 2 or the Agency's
October 8, 2004 letter to the B AAQMD, Ln that portion of its letter, EPA identified incorrect
statements regarding the wastes that are subject to the 6 Mg/yr limit under 40 C.F,R. §
6L342(e)(2)(i). Specifically, the District stated that facilities are allowed to choose whether the
benzene waste streams are controlled or uncontrolled as long as the uncontrolled stream
quantities total Jess than 6 Mg/yr. In actuality, the 6 Mg/yr limit applies to all aqueous benzene
wastes (both controlled and uncontrolled).
The fundamental issues raised by the EPA October 8, 2004 letter were 1) whether or not
the refineries are in compliance with the requirements of the benzene waste operations NESHAP,
and 2) the need to remove the incorrect language from the Statement of Basis. The first issue is a
matter of enforcement and does not necessarily reflect a flaw in the Permit. Absent information
indicating that the refinery is actually out of compliance with the NESHAP, there is no basis for
an objection by EPA. The second issue has already been corrected by the District. In response to
EPA's comment, the District revised the Statement ofBasis to state that the 6 Mg/yr limit applies
Jo the benzene quantity in the total aqueous waste stream. See December 16, 2004 Statement of
Basis at 26. Therefore, EPA is denying Petitioner's request to object to the Permit. However, in
responding to this Petition, EPA identified additional incorrect language in the Permit,
Specifically, Table VII- Refinery states, "Uncontrolled benzene c6 megagrams/year." See Permit
at 476. As discussed above, this is clearly inconsistent with 40 C.F.R. § 61.342(eH2). In
addition, Table IV-Refinery contains a similar entry that states, "Standards: General;
[Uncontrolled] 61.342(e)(2) Waste shall not contain more than 6.0 Mg/yr benzene." See Permit
at 51. As a result, under a separaie process, EPA is reopening the Permit pursuant to its authority
undergo C.F.R, § 70.7(g) to require that the District fix this incorrect language.
f. Parametric Monitoring for Electrostatic Precipitators
Petitioner claims EPA found that the Permit contains deficient particulate monitoring for
sources that are abated by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and that are subject to limits under
SIP-approved District Regulations 6-310 and 6-311, Petitioner requests that EPA object to the
Permit to require appropriate monitoring,
BAAQMD Regulation 6-310 limits paniculate matter emissions to 0.15 grains per dry
8
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standard cubic Foot, and Regulation 6-311 contains a variable limit based on a source's process
weight rate. Because Regulation 6 does not contain monitoring provisions, the District relied on
its periodic monitoring authority to impose monitoring requirements on sources S-5, S-6, and S-
10 to ensure compliance with these standards. See 40 CF.R. § 70,6(a)(3)(i)(B); BAAQMD Reg.
6-503; BAAQMD Manual of Procedures, Vol HI, Section 4.6. For sources S-5 and S-6, the
Permit requires annual source tests for both emission limits. For S-10, the Permit requires an
annual source test to demonstrate compliance with Regulation 6-310 but no monitoring is
required for Regulation 6-311.
With regard to monitoring for Regulation 6-311 for source S-10, the Permit is
inconsistent with the Statement of Basis. The final Statement of Basis indicates that Condition
19466, Part 9 should read, "The Permit Holder shall perform an annual source test on Sources
S-5, S-6, S-8, S-10„ S-l 1, S-12, S-176, S-232, S-233 and S-237 to demonstrate compliance with
Regulation 6-311 (PM mass emissions rate not to exceed 4.10P0.67 lb/hr)," See December 16,
2004 Statement of Basis at 84. However, Pari 9 of Condition 19466 in the Permit states that the
monitoring requirement only applies to S-5 and S-6. December 16, 2004 Permit at 464. In
addition, Table VH-B1 states that monitoring is not required. Therefore, EPA is granting
Petitioner's request to object to the Permit as it pertains lo monitoring S-!0 for compliance with
Regulation 6-311. The District must reopen the Permit to add monitoring requirements adequate
to assure compliance with the emission limit or explain in the Statement of Basis why it is not
needed.
Regarding the annual source tests for sources S-5, S-6, and S-10, EPA believes that an
annual testing requirement is inadequate in the absence of additional parametric monitoring
because proper operation and maintenance of the ESPs is necessary in order to achieve
compliance with the emission limits. In the BAAQMD February 15, 2005 Letter, the Dislrict
stated that it intends to "propose a permit condition requiring the operator to conduct an initial
compliance demonstration that will establish a correlation between opacity and particulate
emissions." Thus, EPA concludes the Permit docs not meet the Pari 70 standard that it contain
periodic monitoring sufficient to yield reliable data from the relevant time period that are
representative of the source's compliance. See 40 C.F.R. § 70,6(aX3XiXR)- Therefore, EPA is
granting Petitioner's request to object to the Permit. At a minimum, the Permit must contain
monitoring which yields data that are representative of Ihe source's compliance with its permit
terms and conditions.
3. Attachment 3 of EPA's October 8, 2004 Letter
Attachment 3 of EPA's October 8, 2004 Letter memorialized the District's agreement to
address two issues related to the Valero Permit. One issue pertains to applicability
determinations for support facilities. EPA does not have adequate information demonstrating
that the Valero facility has support facilities, nor has Petitioner provided any such information,
EPA therefore finds no basis to object to Ihe Permit and denies ihe Petition as to this issue.
9
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The second issue perlairis to the Gcmoval of a penult shield Rom BAAQMB Regiiaion
S-2. EPA has reviewed the most recent version of As Permit and dcfcusined thai t&c siield was
removed - ITierefofe, EPA is denying Petitioner's request to object to tbe permit as itiis issae is
moot.
B Permit Application
Applicable Requirements
Petitioner alleges that EPA must object to the Permit because it contains unresolved
applicability determ mat ions due (a "deficiencies in the application and permit process" as
identified in Attachment 2 to EPA's October 8, 2QG4 letter to the District,
EKiritigEPA's review of flic Penrrifl, BAAQMD asserted thai, notwitlistandipg soy alleged
deficiencies m the application and permit process, the Peonit sufficiently addressed these items
or {fie requirements were net applicable. EPA requested fhat the District review some c«f the
Jelermiiiatifms of adequacy a&d rion-applicaMiiy that it had already made- EPA believes ftmt
this process has resulted m improved appffcabifity detenrmiadons, PstWooefE have Med io
demonstrate iiisl such a gsaialiied allegation €>f"deficieBciei in (lie application and, pefirr4
process^ actually resulted in or may have resulted in a flaw m the PenniL Therefore, EPA denies
die Petition on Ibis bams-
2. klsDtific2fk>ri of Insignificant Sou reps.
Petitioner comers that the peanut appiicaiion fa led to list mdgriiUcanf sources, resulting
in a "lack -of information fjhatl inhibits meaningful public review of the Title V permit."
Petitioner further contends ihat, coaifafy So District permit regulations, the applicaikjo Tailed to
included Its! of all emission ynlts, including exempt and insignificant sources and activities, and
failed fe include emissions cJctti aliens for each significant source m activity. Petitioner lastly
alleges thai the application lacked an emissions inventory for sources rot in operation Ajririg
1993,
Under Part 70, applications may not omit information needed to determine the
applicability of, or to impose, any applicable requirement, or to evaluate a required fee amount.
40 C.F.R. § 70.5(c). Emission calculations in support of the above information are required. 40
C.F.R. § 70.5(c)(3)(v!ii). An application must also include a list of insignificant activities that
are exempted because of size or production rate. 40 C.F.R. § 70.5(c).
District Regulation 2-6-405.4 requires applications for title V permits to identify and describe
"each permitted source at the facility" and "each source or olher activity that is exempt from the
requirement to obtain a permit„.EPA's Part 70 regulations, which prescribe the minimum
elements for approvable state title V programs, require that applications include a list of
insignificant sources that arc exempted on the basis of size or production rate, 40 C.F.R.
10
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§ 70.5(c). EPA's regulations have no specific requirement for the submission of emission
calculations to demonstrate why an insignificant source was included in the list.
Petitioner makes no claim that the Permit inappropriately exempts insignificant sources
from any applicable requirements or that the Permit omits any applicable requirements.
Similarly, Petitioner makes no claim that the inclusion of emission calculations in ihe application
would have resulted in a different permit. Because Petitioner failed to demonstrate thai the
alleged flaw in the permitting process resulted in, or may have resulted in, a deficiency in Ihe
permit, EPA is denying the Petition on this ground.
EPA also denies Petitioner's claim because Petitioner fails to substantiate its generalized
contention that the Permit is flawed. The Statement of Basis unambiguously explains that
Section III of the Permit, Generally Applicable Requirements, applies to all sources at the
facility, including insignificant sources:
This section of the permit lists requirements that generally apply to all sources at a facility
including insignificant sources and portable equipment that may not require a District
permit....[Standards that apply to insignificant or unpermitted sources at a facility (e.g.,
refrigeration urrits that use more than 50 pounds of an ozone-depleting compound), are
placed in this section.
Thus, all insignificant sources subject to applicable requirements are properly covered by Ihe
Permit.
Petitioner also fails to explain how meaningful public review of the Peimit was
"inhibited" by the alleged lack of a list of insignificant sources from the permit application/ We
find no permit deficiency otherwise related to missing insignificant source information in the
Permit application.
In addition, Petitioner fails to point to any defect in the Permit as a consequence of any
missing significant emissions calculations in the permit application. The Statement of Basis for
Section IV of tire Permit states, "This section of the Permit lists the applicable requirements that
apply to permitted or significant sources." Therefore, all significant sources and activities are
properly covered by the Permit,
With respect to a missing emissions inventory for sources not in operation during 1993,
Petitioner again fails to point to any resultant Haw in the Permit. These sources are appropriately
addressed in the Permit.
For the foregoing reasons, EPA is denying the Petition on these issues
* tn anotlwr part of (lie Petition, addressed below. Petitioner argues that the District's delay in providing
requested information violated ihe District's public participation procedures approved to meet 40 C.F.R. § 70.7,
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3. Identification of Non-Compliance
Petitioner argues that the District should have compelled the refinery to identify non-
compliance in the application and provide supplemental information regarding non-compliance
during the application process prior to issuance of rhe final permit on December 1, 2003. In
support, Petitioner cites the section of its Petition (IILD.) alleging that the refinery failed to
properly update its compliance certification.
Title V regulations do not require an applicant to supplement its application with
information regarding non-oompliance,5 unless the applicant has knowledge of an incorrect
application or of information missing from an application. Pursuant lo 40 C.F.R. § 70-5(cXS)(i)
and (iii)(C), a standard application form for a title V permit must contain, inter alia, a
compliance plan that describes the compliance status of each source with respect to all applicable
requirements and a schedule of compliance for sources that are not in compliance with all
applicable requirements at the time the permit issues. Section 70.5(b), Duty to supplement or
correct application t provides that any applicant who fails to submit any relevant facts, or who
has submitted incorrect information, in a permit application, shall, upon becoming aware of such
failure or incorrect submission, promptly submit such supplemental or corrected information. In
addition, Section 70.5(c)(5) requires the application to include "[o]ther specific information that
may be necessary lo implement and enforce other applicable requirements ... or to determine the
applicability of such requirements."
Petitioner docs not show that the refinery had failed to submit any relevant facts, or had
submitted incorrect information, in its 1996 initial permit application. Consequently, the duty to
supplement or correct the permit application described at 40 C.F.R. § 70.5(b) has not been
triggered in this case.
Moreover, EPA. disagrees that the requirement of 40 C.F.R. § 70.5(c)(5) requires the
refinery to update compliance information in this case. The District is apprised of all new
information arising after submittal of the initial application - such as NOVs, episodes and
complaints — that may bear on the implementation, enforcement and/or applicability of applicable
requirements. In fact, the District has an inspector assigned to the plant to assess compliance at
least on a weekly basis. Therefore, it is not necessary to update the application with such
information, as it is already in the possession of the District. Petitioner has failed to demonstrate
that the alleged failure to update compliance information in the application resulted in, or may
have resulted in. a deficiency in the Permit. For the foregoing reasons, EPA denies the Petition
on this issue.
C. Assurance of Compliance with All Applicable Requirements Pursuant to the Act,
Part 70 and BAAQMD Regulations
5 As discussed infra, title V regulations also tlo not require permit applicants to update rheir compliance
certifications pending permit i^uance.
12
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I Cornp I iaincft &hed u l«
fe essence, Peiiliooer claims thai the Distaffs consideration of the feiJftys compliance
history during the I Life V permitting pxwress was flashed because *he District decided not to
inciijde a compliance schedule in the Pcneit despite a number of MOVs and other mdicatioii% m
Petitioner's msw, of compliance pKsti%fris, and the District did not explain why a eumpliaree
scbetitife ts sot necessary Specifically, Petitioner si feges that £?A axis I object fa Che Permit
because the "District ignored evidescs of recurring or ongoing compliance problems at lfae
facility, jusJead relying en limited review of ostdaisi records. to conclude that a eocupliance
schedule is lamecessaiy," Petition at 11-!9. Petitioner further alleges that a compliance schedule
is necessafy to address HOVs issued io the plant (including many fiist are still pending)6, one-
time episodes7reported by the plar.f, recurring violations and episodes at certain eiaifision utiiis,
comptaists filed with die District, and lite lack ofevfdejsce thai fhe isolations have been resolved.
Thc ?eh«f sought by Petiikxier is for the- District to include "a compliance schedule in the Fermi!,
or explain why one was not neeessaiy." Id. Petftkfter additionally charges that, dee io the
facilily'spoor eofTipHascc history, adftifioital monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting
requirements arc warranted to assure compliancy wiili all applicable oequireiqeDis;, Id.
S«uon 7§Mp%}) riqutm lillsc V pemnis to include 3 ipchcdub ofcompliafr.ee csom^ttnr.
with Section 7JJ,5C^M®K Section 70.5(c)(8) prescribes the requicoments ^c*^pitanceadK&lll&S
to be subaiitied as p&ti of a pen nit application. Fsr ^mrces that ace not in cotttpliance with
applicable requirement at the time
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the Petition to require the District to address in the Permit's Statement of Basis the NOVs that
the District has issued to the facility and, in particular, NOVs that have not been resolved
because they may evidence noncompliance at the time of permit issuance, EPA denies the
Petition as io Petitioner's other compliance schedule issues.
a. Notices of Violation.
Tn connection with its claim that the Permit is deficient because it lacks a compliance
schedule, Petitioner states that the Dislrict issued 85 NOVs to Valero between 2001 and 2004
and 51 NOVs in 2003 and 2004. Petitioner highlights that, as of October 22, 2004, all 51 NOVs
issued in 2003 and 2004 were unresolved and still "pending." Petition at 14-15. To support its
claims. Petitioner attached to the Petition various District compliance reports and summaries,
including a list of NOVs issued between January 1, 2003 and October I, 2004. Thus, Petitioner
essentially claims that the District's consideration of these NOVs during the title V permitting
process was {lawed, because the District did not include a compliance schedule in the Permit and
did not explain why a compliance schedule is not necessary.
As noted above, EPA's Part 70 regulations require a compliance schedule for "applicable
requirements for sources that are not in compliance with those requirements at the time of permit
issuance," 40 C.F.R, §§ 70.6{cX3}, 7Q.5(c)(S)(iii)(C), Consistent with these requirements, EPA
has stated that a compliance schedule is not necessary if a violation is intermittent, not on-going,
and has been corrected before the permit is issued. See In ike Ma tier of New York Organic
Fertilizer Company, Petition Number 11-2002-12 at 47-49 (May 24, 2004). EPA has also stated
that the permitting authority has discretion not to include in the permit a compliance schedule
where there is a pending enforcement action that is expected to result in a compliance schedule
{I.e., thirmgji a consent order or court adjudication) for which the permit will be eventually
reopened. See in the Matter of Ifunlley Generating Station, Petition Number 11-2002-01, at 4-5
(July 31, 2003); see also in the Matter of Dunkirk Power, LLCt Petition Number [1-2002-02, at 4-
5 (July 31, 2003).®
Using the District's own enforcement records, Petitioner has demonstrated that
approximately 50 NOVs were pending before the District at the time it proposed the revised
Permit. The District's most recent statements, as of January 2005, do not dispute this fact.9 The
Vhese orders considered whether a compliance schedule was necessary to address (i) opacity violations for
which the source had included a compliance schedule with its application; and (ii) PSD violations that the source
contested and was litigating in federal district court. As to ihc uncontested opacity violations, EPA required the.
permitting authority lr> reopen the permit; to either incorporate a compliance schedule or explain that a compliance
schedule was not necessary because the facility was in compliance. As to the contested PSD violations, EPA found
is entirely appropriate for the [stale] en force meat process 10 late iti course" and for a compliance schedule
to be included only after the adjudication has been resolved.
yAs stated in a letter from Adati Schwartz, Senior Assistant Counsel, BAAQMD, loGerarda Rios, Air
Division, U.S, EPA Region 9, dated January Jl, 2005, "The District is following upon each S'OV to achieve an
appropriate resolution, which will likely etitai! payment of a civil penalty." EPA provided a copy of this lelier to
14
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could be addressed with a compliance schedule and offers no explanation for this determination.
The District's statements give no indication that it actually reviewed the circumstances
underlying recently issued NOVs to determine whether a compliance schedule was necessary.
The District's mostly generic statements as to the refinery's compliance status are not adequate to
support the District's decision that no compliance schedule was necessary in light of the NOVs.10
Because the District failed to include an adequate discussion in the permitting record
regarding NOVs issued to the refinery, and, in particular, those that were pending at the time the
Permit was issued, and an explanation as to why a compliance schedule is not required, EPA
finds that Petitioner has demonstrated that the District's consideration of the NOVs during the
title V permitting process may have resulted in a deficiency in the Permit. Therefore, EPA is
granting the Petition to require the District to either incorporate a compliance schedule in the
Permit or to provide a more complete explanation for its decision not to do so.
When the District reopens the Permit, it may consider EPA's previous orders in Lhe
Huntley, Dunkirk, and New York Organic Fertilizer matters to make a reasonable determination
that no compliance schedule is necessary because (i) the facility has returned to compliance; (ii)
the violations were intermittent, did not evidence on-going non-compliance, and the source was
in compliance at the time of permit issuance; or (ill) the District has opted to pursue the matter
through an enforcement mechanism and will reopen the permit tipon a consent agreement or
court adjudication of the noncompliance issues. Consistent with previous EPA orders, the
District must also ensure that the permit shield will not serve as a bar or defense to any pending
enforcement action.11 See Ilurttky and Dunkirk Orders at 5.
b Episodes
Petitioner also cites the number of "episodes" at the plant in the years 2003 and 2G04 as a
basis for requiring a compliance schedule. Episodes are events reported by the refinery of
equipment breakdown, emission excesses, inoperative monitors, pressure relief valve venting, or
other facility failures. Petition at 15, n, 21. According to the District, "[ejpisodes are reportable
events, but arc not necessarily violations. The District reviews each reported episode. For those
that represent 3 violation, an NOV is issued,1* Letter from Adan Schwab, Senior Assistant
Counsel, BAAQMD to Gerardo Rios, EPA Region DC, dated January 31, 2005. The summary
chart entitled +1BAAQMD Episodes" attached to the Petition shows that the District specifically
l0Jn contrast, EPA notes (hat the slate permitting authority in the Huntley and Dunkirk Orders provided a
thorough record as to the existence and circumstances regarding lhe pending NOVs by describing them in detail in
the permits and acknowledging (he enforcemenl issues in th£ public notices for the pemiiu. Huntley a 16, Dunkirk at
6. In addition, EPA found that the permits container! "sufficient safeguards" io ensure thai ihf permit shields would
not preclude appropriate enforcement actions, hi.
11 After reviewing the permit shield in (lie Permit, EPA finds nothing in it [hat could serve as a defense io
finforcemcnl of the pending NOVs. The District, tmvever, should still independently perform [his review when it
reopens lhe Permit.
16
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records for each episode, under the heading "Status " its determination for each episode; (i) no
action; (ii) NOV issued; (iii) pending; and (iv) void. This document supports the District's
statement that it reviews each episode to see whether it warrants an NOV. Because not every
episode is evidence of noncompliance, the number of episodes is not a compelling basis for
determining whether a compliance schedule is necessary. Moreover, Petitioner did not provide
additional facts, other than the summary chart, to demonstrate that any reported episode? are
violations. EPA therefore finds that Petitioner has not demonstrated that the District's
consideration of the various episodes may have resulted in a deficiency in the Permit, and EPA
denies the Petition 35 to this issue.
c. Repeal Violations and Episodes sf Particular Untls
Petitioner claims that ceifaifi units at the plan! are responsible for multiple episodes and
violations, "possibly revealing serious ongoing or recurring compliance issues."" Petition si 16.
The Petition then ciics* as evidence, the existence of] 6 episodes and 8 NOVs for the PCCll
Caialvlic Regenerator [5-5^ 9 episodes and. 4 NGYs for a hot furnace (5-22€*}„ 9 episodes and 1
NOVs for the Heat Recovery Siearn Generator (S 103 I}, and 3 episodes and 2 NOVs for flic
Souih Flare (S-ISJ.
A close examination of the BAAQMD Episodes chart roll ed upon by Petit!oner, however,
reveals that the failures identified for these episodes and NOVs are actually quite distinct from
one another, often covering different components and regulatory requirements. This fact makes
sense as emission and process units at refineries tend
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e. AI legat ion t hat Prob tems are not Reso I vcd
Petitioner proposes three "potential solutions to ensure compliance:" (1) the District
should address recurring compliance at specific emission units, namely S-5, S-220 and S-103Q,
(2) [he District should impose additional maintenance or installation of monitoring equipment, or
new monitoring methods to address the 30 episodes involving inoperative monitors; and (3) the
District should impose additional operational and maintenance requirements to address recurring
problems since the source is not operating in compliance with the NSPS requirement to maintain
and operate the facility in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for
minimizing emissions. Petition at 18- i 9,
In regard to Petitioner's first claim for relief, EPA has already explained that Petitioner
has not demonstrated that the District's consideration of the various 'recurring' violations for
particular emission units may have resulted in a deficient permit or justifies the imposition of a
compliance schedule. In regard to the second claim for relief, the 30 episodes cited by Petitioner
are for different monitors, and spread over a multi-year period. As long as the District seeks
prompt corrective action upon becoming aware of inoperative monitors, EPA does not sec this as
a basis for additional maintenance and monitoring requirements for the monitors. Moreover,
EPA could only require additional monitoring requirements to the extent that the underlying SIP
or some other applicable requirement does not already require monitoring. See 40 CFR.
§ 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B), Lastly, in response to Petitioner's third claim for relief seeking imposition of
additional operation and maintenance requirements due to an alleged violation of the "good air
pollution control practice" requirements of the NSPS, EPA believes that such an allegation of
noncompliance is too speculative to warrant a compliance schedule without further investigation.
As such, EPA finds thai Petitioner has not demonstrated that the District's failure to include any
of the permit requirements Petitioner requests here resulted in, or may have resulted in, a
deficient permit, and EPA denies the Petilion on this ground.
2, Non-Compliance Issues Raised by Public Comments
Petitioner claims that since the District failed to resolve New Source Review ("NSR")^
compliance issues, EPA should object to the issuance of the Permit and require either a
compliance schedule or an explanation that one is not necessary. Petition at 21. Petitioner
claims to have identified four potential NSR violations at the refinery, as follows: (i) an apparent
Substantial rebuild of the fluid catalytic cracking unit ("FCCU1') regeneralor (S-5) without NSR
review,13 based on information that large, heavy components of the FCCU were recently
11 "NSR" is used in this section to include both tlw nonattainmentarea New Source Review pcrniit
program and the attainment area Prevention of Significant Deterioration ("PSD") permit program.
^ Petitioner also alleges thai S-5 went through a rebuild without imposition of emission
Limitations and other requirements of 40 C.F.R. § 63 Subpart UUU. EPa notes [hat the requirements of Subpart
UUU are included in the Permit with a future eiTcctivc date of April 11,2005. Permit at SO.
IS
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replaced; (ii) apparent emissions increases at two boiler units (S-3 and S^l) beyond the NSR
significance level for modified sources of NQx, based on the District's emissions inventory
indicating dramatic increases in NOx emissions between 1993 and 2001; and (iii) an apparent
significant increase in S02 emissions at a coker burner (S-6), based on the District's emissions
inventory indicating a dramatic increase in S02 emissions in 2001 over the highest emission rate
during 1993 to 2000,14 Petition at 20.
All sources subject to title V must have a permit to operate that assures compliance by the
source with all applicable requirements. See 40 C,F,R. § 70.1(b); CAA §§ 502(a), 504(a). Such
applicable requirements include the requirement to obtain NSR penults that comply with
applicable NSR. requirements under the Act, EPA regulations, and state implementation plans.
See generally CAA §§ U0(a)(2)(C), 160-69, 172(c)(5), and 173; 40CF.R. §§ 51.160-66 and
52.21. NSR requirements include the application of the best available control technology
{"BACT") to a new or modified source that results in emissions of a regulated pollutant above
certain legally-specified amounts.13
Based on the information provided by Petitioner, Petitioner has failed to demonstrate that
NSR permitting and BACT requirements have been triggered at the FCCU catalytic regenerator
S-5, boilers S-3 or S-4, or coke burner S-6. With regard to the FCCU catalytic regenerator,
Petilioner's only evidence in support of its claim is (i) an April Sf 1999, Energy Information
Administration press release that states that the refinery announced the shutdown of its FCCU on
March 19, 1999, and announced the restarting of the FCCU on April I, 1999;16 and
(ii) information posted at the Web site of Surface Consultants, [nc., staling that "several large,
heavy components on [the FCCU] needed replacement " See Petition, Exhibit A. Petitioner
offers no evidence regarding the nature of these activities, whether the activities constitute a new
or modified source under the NSR rules, or whether refinery emissions were in any way affected
14 Petitioner also lakes issue with the District's position lhat "the [NSR] p reconstruct ion review rules
themselves arc not appticable requirements, for purposes of Title V." (Petition, at 21; Decembtr 2003 Consolidated
Response to Comments ("CRTC") at 6-7}. Applicable requirements are defined in the District's Regulation 2-6-202
as"£a]ir quality requirements with which a facility must eon^ily pursuant to the District's regulations, codes of
California statutory law, and the federal Ciean Air Act, including all applicable requirements as defined in 40 C.K.R.
§ 70,2." Applicable requirements are defined in 40 C,F,R. § 70.2 to include "any standard or other requirement
provided for in the applicable implementslion plan approved or promulgated by EPA through rulemaking under title
I of the Act lhat implements the relevant requirements of ihc Act...." Since the District's NSR rules are pari of its
iinplemenlalion plan, (lie NSR rules ihemselves arc applicable requirements for purposes of title V. Since this point
ha* little relevance to the matter a( hand (i.e., whether in this case the NKR rules apply to a particular new or
modified source at (he refinery), CPA views ihe District's position as ahiier dictum.
The Act distinguishes between the requirement to apply UACT, tvbidi is part of the PSD permit program
for attainment areas, and the requirement to apply Ac lowest achievable emission rate ("LAER"), which is pait of the
NSR permit program for nonatlainment areas, In this case, however, the District's NSR rules use the term "BACT"
to signify "LAER."
14 This press release is available on the fntemct al h
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by these activities
With regard to the two boilers and the coke burner, Petitioner's only evidence in support
of its claims are apparent "dramatic" increases in each oF these unit's emissions inventory.
However, as the District correctly notes:
" ,.the principal purpose of the inventory js planning; the precision needed for this
purpose is fairly coarse. The inventory emissions are based, in almost all cases,
on assumed emission factors, and reported throughputs. An increase in emissions
from one year to the next as reflected in the inventory may be an indication that
reported throughput has increased, however it does not automatically follow that
the source has been modified. Unless the throughput exceeds permit limits, the
increase usually represents use of previously unused, but authorized, capacity. An
increase in reported throughput amount could be taken as an indication that
further investigation is appropriate to determine whether a modification has
occurred. However, the District would not conclude that a modification has
occurred simply because reported throughput has increased,"
December 1, 2003 Consolidated Response to Comments ("2003 CRTC), at 22. Moreover,
Petitioner does not claim to have sufficient evidence to establish that these units are subject to
NSR permitting and the application of BACT. The essence of Petitioner's objection is the need
for the District to "determine whether the sources underwent a physical change or change in the
method of operation that increased emissions* which would trigger NSR," Petition at 20. Not
only is Petitioner unable to establish that these units triggered NSR requirements, Petitioner is
not even alleging that NSR requirements have in fact been triggered. Petitioner is merely
requesting that the District make an NSR applicability determination based on Petitioner's "well-
documented concerns regard'mgpotential non-compliance." Petition at 20 (emphasis added).
During the title V permitting process, EPA has also been pursuing similar types of claims
in another forum. As part of its National Petroleum Refinery Initiative, EPA identified four of
the Act's programs where non-compliance appeared widespread among petroleum refiners,
including apparent major modifications to FCCUs and refinery heaters and boilers that resulted
in significant increases in NOx and SOj emissions without complying with NSR rcquirements-
However, based on the information provided by Petitioner, EPA is not prepared to conclude at
this time that these units at the Valero refinery are out of compliance with NSR requirements. Tf
EPA later determines that these units are in violation of NSR requirements, EPA may object to or
reopen the title V permit to incorporate the applicable NSR requirements.'7
Since Petitioner has failed to show that NSR requirements apply to these units, EPA finds
17 EPA notes tliat with respect
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that Petitiofi«r has not met iis burden of demonsirating a deficiency in ike Permit. Therefore;, fee
Petition is denied on this issue.
3, Mcmullen! and Continuous Compliance
Petjckwr ctmmnAs ih»t KM must 6bject to the Permi! because the District has
tr.*«rpp?!m &anctb»in.g intOTn»ifeiit cwrsp?faj|«, m Fctftionsr
suggests, see P^Uion et 22, s. M, Ihe Disirki appears coni«iUtcd fa addi^ss it diresigb
€fitorcemet>i of the Permit, when &pproprate: "whefi non-compliasce o«i:rs, tte Titls ¥ perrryt
will «ahanc# tfee abflily to d«tecl arwl enfoit« ag»ir«t those oc«M.rt'««ees>w M, Although file
District may ireslisUcally c-xpcci instances #f psoa-eorapliaficis, it *1-^ not necessarily mmm
21
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them. Non-compliance may still constitute a violation and may be subject to enforcement action
For the reasons slated above, EPA denies the Petition on this ground
4. Compliance Certifications
Initial compliance certifications must be made by all sources that apply for a title V
permit at the time of the permit application. See 40 CRR. § 70.5(c)(9). The Part 70 regulations
do not require applicants to update their compliance certification pending issuance of the permit.
Petitioner correctly points out that the District's Regulation 2-6-426 requires annual compliance
certifications on "every anniversary of the application date" until the permit is issued. Petitioner
claims that, other than a truncated update in 2003, the plant has failed to provide annua]
certifications between the initial permit application submittal in L996 and issuance of the permit
in December 2004. Petitioner believes that "defects in the compliance certification procedure
have resulted in deficiencies in the Permit." Petition at 2A,
In determining whether an objection is warranted for alleged Haws in the procedures
leading up to permit issuance, including compliance certification^ EPA considers whether the
petitioner has demonstrated that the alleged flaws resulted in> or may have resulted in, a
deficiency in the permit's content. See CAA Section 505(b)(2) (objection required "if the
petitioner demonstrates ... that the permit is not incompliance with the requirements of this Act,
including the requirements of the applicable [SEP]"); 40 C.F.R. § 70.8(c)(1); See also In the
Matter of New York Organic Fertilizer Company, Petition No. 11-2002-12 (May 24, 2004), at 9.
Petitioner assumes, m making its argument, that the District needs these compliance
certifications to adequately review compliance for the facility. This is not necessarily true.
Sources often certify compliance based upon information that has already been presented to a
permitting authority or based upon NOVs or other compliance documents received from a
permitting authority. The requirement for the plant to submit episode and other reports means
that the District should be privy to all of the information available to the source pertaining lo
compliance, regardless of whether compliance certifications have been submitted annually.
Finally, the District has a dedicated employee assigned as an inspector to the plant who visits the
plant weekly and sometimes daily. In this particular instance, the compliance certification would
likely not add much to the District's knowledge about the compliance status ofthe plant. EPA
believes that in this case, Petitioner has failed lo demonstrate that the lack of a proper initial
compliance certification, or the alleged failure (o properly update that initial compliance
certification, resulted in, or may have resulted in, a deficiency in the permit,
D. Statement of Basis
Petitioner alleges that the Statements of Basis for the Permit issued in December 2003
and for the revised Permit, as proposed in August 2004, are inadequate. Specifically, Petitioner
alleges the following deficiencies:
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Neither Statement of Basis contains detailed facility dcKriptioiw, including
comprehensive process flow information;
• Neither Sdtemso' of Basis contains suffice information to deteimme applicabi lity
of "certain requirements to sgteeilk smjpces," Petitioner specifically identifies
exemptions fmm jpermitiing psquiTerrLents ifcai BAAQMP allowed fof teaks.
Petitioner also references Attachments 2 and 3 to EPA "s October 8.2(304 fetter as
support for Its allegation- that the Statements of Basis were deficient because they did
sot address applicability of 40 C.F.R, Fsri 63, Subpart €€ Co flares and BAAQMJ?
Regulation -8-2 to hydrogen plant vents.
• N either Statement of B asis addresses B AAQMD' s corap I lance determin at ions
• The 2003 Statement of Basis was not RMWle available or the District's Web site during
ih& April 2004 public comsieaf period- «irf 4#CS not iociwfe information about permit
r&vist&ris ir. Msufdi and August 2004
The 2004 Statement of Basis does not discuss changes B AAQMD made !o the Permit
between the public comment period in August 2003- and the final version issued in
December 28D3, despite the District's request for public comment cm sacb changes.
EPA's Part 70 regulations require permitting authorities, in connection with initiating a
public comment period prior to issuance of a title V permit, to "provide a statement that seLs
forth the legal and factual basis for the dratl permit conditions " 10 C.F.R. § 70.7(a)(5), EPA's
regulations do not require that a statement of basis contain any specific elements; rather,
permitting authorities have discretion regarding the contents of a statement of basis. EPA has
recommended that statements of basis contain the following elements: (I) a description of the
facility; (2) a discussion of any operational flexibility that will be utilized at the facility; (3 ) the
basis for applying the permit shield; (4) any federal regulatory applicability determinations; and
(5 ) the rationale for the monitoring methods selected, EPA Region V has also recommended the
inclusion of the following; (1) monitoring and operational restrictions requirements; (2)
applicability and exemptions; (3) explanation or any conditions from previously issued permits
that arc not being transferred to the title V permit; (4) streamlining requirements; and (5) certain
Other factual information as necessary. Sec, Los Medanas, at 10, n.16.
There is no legal requirement that a permitting authority include information such as a
specific facility description and process flow diagrams in the Statement of Basis, and Petitioner
has not shown how the lack of this information resulted in, or m?»y have resulted in, a deficiency
in the Permit, Thus, while a facility description and process flow diagrams might provide useful
information, their absence from the Statement of Basis does not constitute grounds for objecting
to the Permit.
EPA agrees, in part, that Petitioner has demonstrated the Permit is deficient because the
23
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Statement of Basis does not explain exemptions for certain tanks. This issue is addressed more
specifically in Section IH.I-L3.
EPA agrees with Petitioner's allegation thai the Statement of Basis should have included
a discussion regarding applicability of 40 C.F.R. Part 63T Subpart CC to flares and BAAQMD
Regulation 8-2 to hydrogen plant vents. Applicability determinations are precisely the type of
information thai should be included in a Statement of Basis. This issue is addressed more
specifically in Section JII.H,!,
EPA addressed Petitioner's allegations relating to the sufficiency of the discussion in (he
Statement of Basis on the necessity of a compliance schedule in Section in.C.
EPA does not agree with Petitioner's allegations that the 2003 Statement of Basis was
deficient because U was not available on the District's Web site during the 2004 public comment
period or because it did net provide information about the 2004 reopening. First, EPA notes that
the 2003 Statement of Basis has been available to the public on its own Web site since the initial
permit was issued in December, 2003.18 [n addition, Petitioner has not established a legal basis
to support its claim that this information is a required element for a Statement of Basis.
Petitioner also concedes that the District provided a different Statement of Basis in connection
with the 2004 reopening. Petitioner does not claim that the Permit is deficient as a result of any
of these alleged issues regarding the Statement of Basis, therefore, EPA denies the Petition on
this ground..
EPA does not agree with Petitioner's allegations that the 2004 Statement of Basis was
deficient because it did not discuss any changes made between the draft permit available in
August 20133 and the final Permit issued ill December 2003. Petitioner has not established a legal
basis to support its claim that this information is a required element Tor a Statement of Basis.
Petitioner has not demonstrated that the Permit is deficient because the District did not provide
this discussion in the 2004 Statement of Basis. Moreover, Petitioner could have obtained much
of this information by reviewing the District's response to comments received during the 2003
public comment period, which was dated December 1, 2003, Therefore, tPA denies the Petition
on this ground.
E Permit Shields
The District rules allow two types of permit shields. The permit shield types are defined
as follows; (1) A provision in a title V permit expJainiiig that specific federally enforceable
regulations and standards do not apply lo a source or group of sources, or (2) A provision in a
title V permit explaining that specific federally enforceable applicable requirements for
monitoring, recordkeeping and/or reporting are subsumed because other applicable requirements
1STilte V pcrmili and related docuironts arc available ihrough Region IX's Electronic Pcraiit Submittal
System at httnV/www.epa.gov/re^ioii09/aLr,'ncnm^i ndgx.html.
24
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for monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting in Lh and (d)
PMttiwir alleges thai the permit shield In Tabic DC B of the Permit (j»669«67Q)
improperly subsumes 40 C.ER §f 60 J(c) ant! (d) under SEP approved BAAQMD Regulation
1-522.8, and that the Statement of Basis does not sufficiently explain the basis for the shield.
Petition at 28,
BAMJMD R-egidatkM t-S2£<& rwspires that
MsiiiioriiTg data, shall be submitted on a monthly basis in a format ^peciftri by tkt
APCQ. Reports shall he submitted within 30 4a.ys of the cl^je of the month
teptelti cm,
Sections 60.7(c) and (d) require very specific reporting requirements that are not required
by BAAQMD Regulation t-522,8. For instance, § 60.7(c)(1) requires that ejteess emissions
reports include the magnitude of excess emissions computed in accordance with § 60.13(h) and
any conversion factors, used. Section 60.7(d)(1) requires, that the report form contain, among
other things, the duration of excess emissions due to startup/shutdown, ecmttol equipment
problems, process problems, other known causes, and unknown causes and lota! duration of
excess emissions.
The Statement of Basis for Valero contains the following justification for the shield
40 C.F.R. Part, 60 Subpart A CMS reporting requirements are satisfied by
BAAQMD 1-522,8 CHMS reporting requirements. See December 2003 Statement
of Basts at 31.
agl^s with Petitioner thai the requirement? pf 40 C-F-R- §§ 60 7(c) acid (d) aie apt
stlMMl'by B-AAQMP Regulation i *522.8, and Chat il$« Sigieai&Al of Basb iliws rwt provide
aviatejmsltficaiiofi lor substimlug §| <50,'¦?<*:) and {A), An adespale justishould addi^s
lie requitemeitHji ftfa su^atttMd rcgtihtbti are satisfied by SKSthef rcgu&xloiL mot sloipiy
ihal the requirements satisfied hf another replatkm.
For Ike reasons set Ibrth sbove, EPA is granting the Petition on ifcese grounds. The
District must reopen the Permit to include I tie reporting requirements of f§ 60.7(c) ar«j |<11 <3r
adequately explain how they are appropriately subsumed.
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2. BAAQMD Regulation 1-7
Petitioner also alleges that the District incorrectly attempted to subsume the State-only
requirements of BAAQMD Regulation I i-7 for valves under the requirements of SIP approved
BAAQMD Regulation 8-18-404, and states that only a federal requirement may be subsumed in
the permit pursuant to BAAQMD Regulation 2-6-233.2. Petition at 29.
Including a permit shield for a subsumed non-federally enforceable regulation has no
regulatory significance From a federal perspective because it is not related to whether the permit
assures compliance with all Clean Air Act requirements. See 40 C.F.R. 70.2 (defining
"applicable requirement"); 70.1(b) (requiring that title V sources have operating permits that
assure compliance with all applicable requirements). Stale only requirements are not subject to
the requirements of title V and, therefore, are not evaluated by EPA unless their terms may either
impair the effectiveness of the title V permit or hinder a permitting authority's ability to
implement or enforce the title V permit. In the Matter of Eastman Kodak Company, Petition
No.: 11-2003-02, at 37 (Feb, 18, 2005). Therefore, EPA is denying the Petition on this issue.
3 AO C.F-R. § 60.482-7(g)
Petitioner alleges that a permit shield should not be allowed for federal regulation NSPS
Subpart W, § 60.482-7(g) based upon its being subsumed by SIP-approved BAAQMD
Regulation 8-1 8-404 because the NSPS defines monitoring protocols for valves that are
demonstrated to be unsafe to monitor, whereas Regulation 8-18-404 refers to an alternative
inspection scheme for leak-free valves. Petitioner Slates "Because the BAAQMD regulation does
not address the same issue as 40 C.K.R. § 60.482-7(g), it cannot subsume the federal
requirement." Petition at 29,
EPA disagrees with Petitioner that the two regulations address different issues. Both
regulations address alternative inspection time lines for valves. Regulation 8-18-404 specifically
states:
Alternative Inspection Schedule: The inspection frequency for valves may change
from quarterly to annually provided all of the conditions in Subsection 404,1 and
404.2 are satisfied.
404.1 The valve has been operated leak free for five consecutive quarters;
404.2 Records are submitted and approval from the APCO is obtained.
404.3 The valve remains leak free. If a leak is discovered, the inspection
frequency will revert back to quarterly.
NSPS Subpart VV requires valves to be monitored monthly except, pursuant to § 60.482-7(g),
any valve that is designated as unsafe to monitor must only be monitored as frequently as
practicable during safe-to-monitor times. In explaining the basis for the shield, the Permit states:
26
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[60.482-7(g)] Allows relief from monthly monitoring if designated as
unsafe-to-monitor. OAAQMD Regulation 8-18-404 does not allow this relief.
Permit at 644.
BAAQMD is correct that the Regulation S-18-404 is more stringent than 40 C.F.R
§ 60.482-7(g). Therefore, EPA is denying the Petition on this issue.
F. Throughput Limits for Grandfathered Sources
Petitioner alleges that EPA should object to the Permit to the extent that throughput limits
for grandfathered sources set thresholds below which sources are not required to submit all
information necessary to determine whether "new or modified construction may have occurred."
Petitioner also alleges that the thresholds are not "legally correct1' and therefore are not
reasonably accurate surrogates for a proper NSR baseline determination. Petitioner also argues
that EPA should object to the Permit because the existence of the throughput limits, even as
reporting thresholds, may create "an improper presumption of the correctness of the threshold"
and discourage the District from investigating events that do not trigger the threshold or reduce
penalties for NSR violations. Finally, Petitioner also requests that EPA object to the Permit
because the District's reliance on non-SIP Regulation 2-1-234.1 "in deriving these throughput
limits" is improper.
The District has established throughput limits on sources that have never gone through
new source review ("grandfathered sources"). The Clean Air Act does not require permitting
authorities to impose such requirements. Therefore^ to understand the purpose of these limits,
EPA is relying on the District's statements characterizing the reasons for, and legal implications
of, these throughput limits. The District's December 2003 CRTC makes the following points
regarding throughput limits:
• The throughput limits being established for grandfathered sources will be a useful tool
that enhances compliance with NSR- - . .Requiring facilities to report when
throughput limits are exceeded should alert the District in a timely way to the
possibility of a modification occurring.
The limits now function merely as reporting thresholds rather than as presumptive
NSR triggers.
They do not create a baseline against which future increases might be measured
("NSR baseline1'). Instead, they act as a presumptive indicator that the equipment has
undergone an operational change (even in the absence of a physical change), because
the equipment has been operated beyond designed or as-built capacity.
The throughput limits do not establish baselines; furthermore, they do not contravene
NSR requirements. The baseline For a modification is determined at the time of
27
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permit review. The proposed limits do not preclude review of a physical modification
for NSR implications.
• Throughput limits on grandfathered sources art not Federally enforceable.
• The [permits] have been modi (led to clearly distinguish between limits imposed
through NSR and limits imposed on grandfathered sources.
December 1,2003 RTC at 31-33.
EPA believes the public comments and the District's responses have done much lo
describe and explain, in the public recoid, the purpose and legal significance of the District's
throughput limits for grandfathered sources. Baied on these interactions, EPA has the following
responses lo Petitioner's allegations.
First, EPA denies the Petition as to the allegation that the thresholds set levels below
which ihe facility need not apply for NSR permits. As the District states, the thresholds do not
preclude the imposition of federal NSR requirements. EPA does not see that the tliroughput
limits would shield the source from any requirements to provide a timely and complete
application if a construction project will trigger federal NSR requirements.
Second , the Permit itself makes clear that the throughput limits are not to be used for the
purpose of establishing an NSR baseline; "Exceedance of this limit does not establish a
presumption that a modification has occurred, nor does compliance with the limit establish a
presumption that a modification has not occurred." Permit at 4, Therefore, EPA finds no basis to
object to the Permit on the ground that the thresholds are not "reasonably accurate surrogates" for
an actual NSR baseline, as they clearly and expressly have no legal significance for that purpose.
Third, while EPA shares Petitioner's interest in compliance with NSR requirement.
Petitioner's concern that the thresholds might discourage reliance on appropriate NSR baselines
to investigate and enforce possible NSR violations is speculative and cannot be the basis of an
objection to the Permit.
Fourth, EPA finds that the District's reliance on BAAQMD Regulation 2-1-234.1, which
is not S[P-approved„ to impose these limits is appropriate. EP A's review of the Permit, however,
found a statement suggesting that the District will rely on this non-StP approved rule to
determine whether an NSR modification has occurred. EPA takes this opportunity to remind the
District that its NSR- permits must meet the requirements of the federally-applicable SIP. See
CAA 172, 173; 40 C,F.R, §51. EPA finds no basis, however, to conclude that the Permit is
deficient.
G. Monitoring
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The lack of monitoring raises an issue as to consistency with the requirement that each
permit contain monitoring sufficient to yield reliable data from the relevant time period that are
representative of the source's compliance with the permit where the applicable requirement does
not require periodic monitoring or testing. See 40 C.F.R. § 70-(j(a)(3Xi)(B). EPA has
recognized, however, that there may be limited cases in which the establishment of a regular
program of monitoring or recordkeeping would not significantly enhance the ability of the permit
to assure compliance with an applicable requirement and where the status quo (i,e,„ no
monitoring or recordkeeping) could meet the requirements of 40 C.F.R. § 70.6(a)(3). See,Los
Medanos. at 16. EPA's consideration of these issues and determinations as to the adequacy of
monitoring follow.
I 40 C,F,R. Pan 60, Subpart J {NSPS for Petroleum Refineries)
Petitioner makes the following allegations with regard to the treatment of flares under
NSPS Subpart J: (i) BAAQMD has not made a determination as to the applicability of NSPS
Subpart J to three of the four Hares at Valero; (ii) there is no way to tell whether flares qualify for
the exemption in NSPS Subpart J because there are no requirements in the Permit to ensure tliat
the flares are operated only in "emergencies;" (iii) the Permit must contain a federally
enforceable reporting requirement to verify that each flaring event would qualify for an
exemption from the H2S limit; (iv) the Permit fails to ensure that all other NSPS Subpart J
requirements arc practically enforceable; and (v) federally enforceable monitoring must be
imposed pursuant to 40 C.F.R. §§ 70.6(a)(3)(i)(B) and 70.6(c) and Section 504(c) of the Act to
verify compliance with all applicable requirements of Subpart J. Petition at 33.
The New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for Petroleum Refineries, 40 C.F.R, Pan
60, Subpart J, prohibits the combustion of fuel gas containing H2S in excess of 0.10 gr/dscf at
any flare built or modified after June II, 1973. This prohibition is codi fied in 40 C.F.R.
§ 60.104(a)( 1). Additionally, 40 C.F.R. § § 60.105(a){3-4) requires the use of continuous
monitors for flares subject to § 60,104(a)(1). However, the combustion of gases released as a
result of emergency malfunctions, process upsets, and relief valve leakage is exempt from the
HjS limit. The draft refinery permits proposed by BAAQMD in February 2004 applied a blanket
exemption from the E^S standard and associated monitoring for about half of the Bay Area
refinery flares on the basis that the flares are "not designed" to combust routine releases. The
statements of basis for the refinery permits state, however, that at least some of these flares arc
"physically capable" of combusting routine releases. To help assure that this subset of flares
would not trigger the H2S standard, BAAQMD included a condition in the permits prohibiting
the combustion of routine releases at these flares.
Following EPA comments submitted to BAAQMD in April of 2004, BAAQMD revised
its approach to the NSPS Subpart J exemption. The permits proposed to EPA in August of2004
indicate that all flares that are affected units under 60,100 are subject to the H2S standard, except
when they are used to combust process upset gases, and gases released to the flares as a result of
relief valve leakages or other malfunctions. However, the permits were not revised to include the
29
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asotiTUiOPS iRoaitora repaired tinder §§ 6£UGS(a)P) and (4) as the basis liial the tiaics will
always, be used to ecratast non-routine feleases and thus ml] mws acliaUy trigger the iOS
standard or the lequireiaeul to racial i monitors.
Wilh respect fi> Pelttirmer's. ftfsi allegation, BAAQMO has dearlycmsidered
applicability qf JNSPS Stikpail J to flares, arid has indicated flat NSPS Sp&pict J applies te one,
S-19, Page 16 of the Pceemfcec 20G4 Statement of Bails mu&x
The Btsicia Reinery km three aep&rM« Dice tatackr systems; f) Ik? «i»b Urns g&
recovery header with Jlares S-l 8 and S-i9„ Tj the acid gas flai€ healer with flare 5-J 6,
arid 1) i}m btitanis (lase header with Pare 17. Flares S~ 16 end S -1.1 were placed is
serrodiirlini the original ftfmery starivp in IV(®. Bate S~i7 was pbcetf m scrvs* wife
the butane cank TKL-1126 in 1972. Flsn; S-59 was added to the main gas recovery leader
in 19?4 to €«stu« adequate relief for the refinery, S~Wh wbjeet to KSFS
Subpart J, because it w«& t l%cl gas €£?rtb4isiksri device installed alter hm® II. tf tJt the
effective dale of 60,100(b),
The iabte on page 18 of ihe Statement of Basis siso directly slaws thai fiarss 5-14 5-1?
i3md 8 ire tw! to NSPS S«bpait J. While Ibe- Punmif w^ld be^Icaiw if BAAQM l>
kiekided a ifate-raetit thai ite U&zv& have sot been modified so as to trigger the reqijiremems. of
NSPS Subpart J, sacli a statement is riol required by title V. Therefore, UFA. is denymg Ihe
m litis issis#,
However, >gr<^ with Felitiocef feat ihe Pemiit is fliw«d wrtli respect to (ii)
and (i») above, First* Ihe continuous manUanng of§§ 6C% 105(a)(3) and (4) is not ipeju^cd id the
Permit feso&yse, BAAQMD cSms, lfer« S--19 is never usod m a miiuwr thai would itiggtT the
H2S standard End the, requirement to install a. contiguous mtmilOi. While the F&nui do® contain
District - cnfoieeabUi only iriofiicori^g to stow sempltsfice witli a, Merally «fii3K«Wu condition
prahinittTig t^eccmhyaHoH&f routiiicjy-relcased gsises in a Oarc U7% flwrc h cunraBliy no
federally cnrcrceafcle fpotiifiKiii^ re^nirenwul in flic Permit !o dem^istrais; ecmplbnce vdih chif
TOfidiiikiit or wisTi JISES Sub^rt h both federally ^fetxiKaWe applkable («8^r C.F.R. | 70.6(aX3)(i}(8) aoi fl^AQND 20800»
BAAQMO must reup^n Ihu i^rmii 10 titha ixwliiife: the imjii^ormg under sectoia 6n.!fl5(a)P)
ftr (4% or, fof exampfc, !a include Mfsqua'fe federally ertfoicsiblt km®tewing io show CK«plianiie
with condition 208'>S, #7.
With respect la issues (iv) a:id (v)T jj is unclesr what ather requirements Petitioner is
lefeoing io, or whM mo Glaring Petitioiser s requesting. For iJicsc reasons, OP A is denying the
30
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Petition on these grounds.
2 Flare Opacity Monitoring
Petitioner notes that flares arc subject to SIF-approved BAAQMD Regulation 6-301,
which prohibits visible emissions from exceeding defined! opacity limits for a period or periods
aggregating more than three minutes ill any hour. Petitioner alleges that the opacity limit set
forth in Regulation 6-301 is not practically enforceable during short-duration flaring events
because no monitoring is required for flaring events that last less than fifteen minutes and only
limited monitoring is required for events lasting less than thirty minutes. Petitioner alleges that
repeated violations of BAAQMD Regulation 6-301 due fo short-term flaring could be an ongoing
problem that evades detection.
The opacity limit in Regulation 6-301 -dees net contain periodic monitoring. Because tftfi
underlying applicable jsifmremeiit imposes no moni taring of a periodic nature, the Fenriit must
contain "periodic monitoring sufficient to yield reliable data from lie relevant time period that
are representative of the source's compliance witli ihepeiniit,49 C.F.Et. § 7®.6/aX3)(iX£|j-
Thus, tha issue before EPA is whether the motikormg imposed in ihe Permit will result ie
reliable and representative csta from, the relevant time §»iad such tliM ccjniplisncc wiift the
Perm! t can be determined.
(it this cm%> tha District has imposed certain monitoring conditions to determine
compliance with the opacity standard during flaring events. Tht Permit defines a "flaring event"
a flow rate of vent gas flared in any consecutive 15 minute period that Continuously exceeds
330 standard cubic feet per minute (scftn). Within 15 minutes of detecting a flaring event, the
facility must conduct a visible emissions check. The visible emissions check may be done by
video monitoring- If the operator cam determine there are no visiWta emissions using video
monitoring, no further monitoring is required until another 10 minvtes has expired, If the
operator cannot detettttine there are no visible emissions using video monitoring, the facility
must conduct either an EPA Reference Method 9 test or survey the flare according to specified
criteria. If the operator conducts Method 9 testing, the facility must monitor the flare for at leal*
3 minute, or until there am no visible emissions. Ff the operator conducts flic non-Method 9
survey* the facility must cease operation of the flare if vteibte emissions continue for three
consecutive minutes.
Although EPA agrees with Petitioner that the Permit does not require morn tori rig during
sliotl-duration flaring events, EPA does not believe Petitioner has demonstrated that the periodic
monitoring is inadequate, For instance, Petitioner hu not shown that short-duration flaring
events arc likely to be in violation of the opacity standard, nor has Petitioner made a showing that
short-duration (kririg wonts occur frequently or at all Thus, Petitioner has not demoralised
that the periodic monitoring in ihe Permit is insufficient to detect violations of the opacify
standard.
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Additionally, in June 1999, a workgroup comprised of EPA, CAPCOA and CAJUJ staff
completed a set of periodic monitoring recommendations for generally applicable SIP
requirements such as Regulation 6-301, The workgroup's relevant recommendation for refinery
flares was a visible emissions check soon as an intentional or unintentional release of vent
gas to a gas flare but no later than one hour from the flaring event," See CAPCOA/CARB/EP A
Region IX Periodic Monitoring Memo, June 24, 1999, at 2. In comparison, the periodic
monitoring contained in the Permit would appear to be both less stringent, by not requiring
monitoring for up to thirty minutes of a release of gas to a flare, and more stringent, by requiring
monitoring within 30 minutes rather than one hour. Therefore, EPA encourages the Dislrict to
amend the Permit to require monitoring upon the release to the flare, rather than delaying
monitoring as currently set forth in the Permit.
Finally, EPA notes that the Permit does not prevent the use of credible evidence to
demonstrate violations of permit terms and conditions. Even if the Permit does not require
visible emissions checks for short-duration flaring events, EPA, the District, and the public may
use any credible evidence to bring an enforcement case against the source. 62 Fed. Reg. &3M
(Feb. 24, 1997).
For the reasuns cited above, EPA is denying the Petition on this issue.
3 Cooling Tower Monitoring
Petitioner claims that the Permit lacks monitoring conditions adequate to assure that the
cooling tower complies with SIP-approved District Regulations 8-2 and 6. Petitioner further
alleges that the District's decisions to not require monitoring for the cooling towers is flawed due
to its use of AP-42 emission factors, which may not be representative of the actual cooling tower
emissions.
a. Regulation £-2
District Regulation 8-2-301 prohibits miscellaneous operations from discharging into the
atmosphere any emission that contains 15 lb per day and a concentration of more than 300 ppiri
total carbon. Although the underlying applicable requirement does not contain periodic
monitoring requirements, the District declined to impose monitoring on source S-29 to assure
compliance with the emission limit.
The December I, 2003 Statement of Basis sets forth the grounds Tor the District's
decision that monitoring is not necessary to assure compliance with this applicable requirement.
First, the District stated that its monitoring decisions were made by balancing a variety of factors
including I) the likelihood of a violation given the characteristics of normal operation, 2) the
degree of variability in the operation and in the control device, if there is one, 3) the potential
Permit, Tabic Vlf - C5 Cooling Tower, pp. 541
32
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seventy of impact of an undetected violation, 4} the technical feasibility and probative value of
indicator monitoring, 5) the economic feasibility of indicator monitoring, and 6) whether there is
some other factor, such as a different regulatory restriction applicable to the same operation, that
also provides some assurance of compliance with the limit in question. In addition, the District
provided calcnlafions that purported to quantify the emissions £h)m the facility's cooling tower.
The calculations relied upon water circulation and exhaust airflow rates supplied by the refinery
in addition to two AP-42 emission factors. The District found that the calculated emissions were
much lower than the regulatory limit and concluded thai monitoring was not necessary.
Although it is true that the results suggest there may he a large margin of compliance, the nature
of the emissions and the unreliability of the data used in the calculations renders them inadequate
to support a decision that no monitoring is needed over the entire life of the permit.
An AP-42 emission factor is a value that roughly correlates the quantity of a pollutant
released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. The use
of these emission factors may be appropriate in some permitting applications, such as
establishing operating permit fees. However, EPA has stated that AP-42 factors do not yield
accurate emissions estimates for individual sources. See In the Matter ofCargill, /nc., Petition
IV-2003-7 (Amended Order) at 7, n.3 (Oct. 19, 2004); in re: Peabody Western Coal Co., CAA
Appeal No. 04-01, at 22-26 {EAB Feb. 18, 2005), Because emission factors essentially represent
an average of a range of facilities and emission rates, they arc not necessarily indicative of the
emissions from a given source at all times, with a few exceptions, use of these factors to develop
source-specific permit limits or to determine compliance with permit requirements is generally
not recommended. The District's reliance on the emission factors in making its monitoring
decision is therefore problematic.
Atmospheric emissions from the cooling towers include fugitive VOCs and gases that are
stripped from the cooling water as the air and water come into contact. In an attempt to develop
a conservative estimate of the emissions, (he District used the emission factor for "uncontrolled
sources." For these sources, AP-42 Table 5-1,2 estimates the release of 6 lb of VOCs per million
gallons of circulated water. This emission factor carries a "D" rating, which means that it was
developed from a small number of facilities, and there may be reason to suspect that the facilities
do not represent a random or representative sample cf the industry. In addition, this rating means
that there may be evidence of variability within the source population. In this case the variability
stems from the fact that 1) contaminants enter the cooling water system from leaks in heat
exchangers and condensers, which are not predictable, and 2) the effectiveness of cooling lower
controls is itself highly variable, depending on refinery configuration and existing maintenance
practices.10 It is this variability that renders the emission factor incapable of assuring continued
compliance with the applicable standard over the lifetime of the permit. For all practical
purposes, a single emission factor that was developed to represent long-term average emissions
can not forecast the occurrence and size of leaks in a collection of heat exchangers and is
therefore not predictive of compliance at any specific time,
^AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 5
33
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EPA has previously stated that annual reporting of NQx emissions using an equation that
uses current production information, along with emission factors based on prior source tests, was
insufficient to assure compliance with an emission unit's annual NOx standard. Even when
presented with CEMs data which showed that actual NOx emissions for each oFfive years were
consistently well below the standard, EPA found that a large margin of compliance alone was
insufficient to demonstrate that the NOx emissions would not change over the life of the permit-
See In the Matter of Fort James Camas Mitl, Petition No. X-1999-1, at 17-18, (December 22,
2000).
Consistent with its findings in regard to the Fort James Camas Mill permit, EPA finds in
this instance that the District failed to demonstrate that a one-time calculation is representative of
ongoing compliance with the applicable requirement, especially considering the unpredictable
nature of the emissions and the unreliability of the data used in the calculations. Therefore
under the authority of 40 C.F.R. § 7G,6(a){3X0(D)> EPA is granting Petitioner's,request to object
to the Permit as the request pertains to cooling tower monitoring for District Regulation 8-2-301.
As an alternative to meeting the emission limitation cited in Section 8-2-301, facilities
may operate in accordance with an exemption under Section 8-2-114, which states, "emissions
from cooling towers.,.are exempt from this Rule, provided best modem practices are used." As a
result, in lieu of adding periodic monitoring requirements adequate to assure compliance with the
emission limit in Section 8-2-301, the District may require the Statement of Basis lo include an
applicability determination with respect to Section 8-2-114 and revise the Permit to reflect the
use of best modem practices.
b. Regulation 6
BAAQMD SIP-approved Regulation 6 contains four particulate matter emissions
standards for which Petitioner objects to the absence of monitoring. The District's decision for
each standard is discussed separately below.
(I) Regulation 6-310
BAAQMD Regulation 6-310 limits the emissions from the cooling tower to 0.15 grains
per dry standard cubic foot. Appendix G of the December 1, 2003 Statement of Basis sets forth
the grounds for the District's decision that monitoring is not necessary to assure compliance with
this requirement- Specifically, Appendix G provides calculations For the particulate matter
emissions from the cooling tower and compares the expected emission rate to the regulatory
limit. In calculating the emissions, the District used the PM-10 emission factor of 0.019 lb per
i 000 gal circulating water from Table 13.4-1 of AP-42. The calculations show that the
emissions are expected to be approximately ISO times lower than the emission limit. As a result,
the District concluded that periodic monitoring is not necessary to assure compliance with the
standard.
34
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Petitioner alleges that these calculations do riot adequately justify the District's decision
because the AJM2 emission factor used carries an E rating, which means that it is of poor
quality. As a result, Petitioner claims it is unlikely that the calculated emissions based on this
factor are representative of the actual cooling tower emissions.
Petitioner is correct that the emission factor used by the District has an B rating.
However, EPA disagrees that this rating alone is sufficient to conclude that the emission factor is
not representative of the emissions from the cooling towers at the refinery. PM-10 emissions
from cooling towers are generated when drift droplets evaporate and leave fine particulate matter
formed by crystallization of dissolved solids. Particulate matter emission estimates can be
obtained by multiplying the total liquid drift factor by the total dissolved solids (TDS) fraction in
the circulating water. The AP-42 emission factor used by the District is based on a drift rate of
0.02% of the circulating water flow and a TDS content of approximately 12,000 ppm. With
regard to both parameters, the District indicated in the December I, 2003 Statement of Basis that
the emission factor yielded a higher estimate of the emissions than the actual drift and TDS data
that was supplied by the refineries. Therefore, EPA believes thai the District's reliance on this
emission factor does not demonstrate a deficiency in the Perm it.21
EPA notes that the emission factor's poor rating is due in part to the variability associated
with cooling tower drift and TDS data. As discussed in the Statement of Basis, the degree to
which the emissions may vary was taken into account when considering the ability of the
emission factor to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit, With respect to the drift,
EPA believes that the emission factor is conservatively high compared to the 0.0005% drill rate
that cooling towers are capable of achieving. Where TDS arc concerned, AP-42 indicates that
the dissolved solids content may range from 380 ppm to 91,000 ppm. While the emission factor
represents a TDS concentration at the lower end of this spectrum, increases in the TDS content
do not significantly increase the grain loading due to the large exhaust air flow rates exiting the
cooling towers. Even assuming that the TDS concentration reached 91,000 ppm, the calculated
emissions arc still approximately 22 times lower than the regulatory limit.21
The District has provided sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the emissions will not
vary by a degree that would cause an exceedance of the standard. Given the representative air
flow and water circulation rates supplied by the refinery, compliance with the applicable
requirement is expected under conditions (i.e., maximum TDS content) that represent a
reasonable upper bound of the emissions. Therefore, EPA is denying Petitioner's request lo
object to the Permit as it pertains to periodic monitoring for Regulation 6-310.
21 Although EPA stated above in tlie discussion For Regulation 8-2 [hat AP-42 emission factors arc generally
not recommended For use in determining compliance wiih emission limits, there are exceptions. Data supplied by [lie
refineries indicates (hat the AP^lZ emission factor fur PM-10 conservatively estimates the actual cooling lower
emissions; as discussed furiher below, compliance with the limit is expcclcd under conditions that represent*
reasonable upper boirnd on the emissions.
''Again, this i* subliming n drift r:ite of 0.02%.
35
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(2) Regulation 6-3 ]
BAAQMD Regulation 6-311 states that no person shall discharge particulate matter into
the atmosphere at a rate in excess of that specified m Tabic 1 of the Rule for the corresponding
process weight rate- Assuming the process weight rate Tor the cooling tower remains at or above
the maximum level specified in Table I, the rule establishes a maximum emission rate of40
Ib/hr. Unlike for Regulation 6-310, die District provided no justification for its decision to not
require monitoring to assure compliance with this limit.
Using the PM-10 emission factor cited by the District in its calculations for Regulation 6-
310, EPA estimates the emissions from S-29 to be in excess of 40 lb/hr. While the District stated
that the emission factor represents a more conservative estimate of the emissions than the actual
data provided by the refineries, it did not say how conservative the factor is. As a result, the
Districts monitoring decision is unsupported by the record and EPA finds that the Permit fails to
meet the Part 70 standard that it contain periodic monitoring sufficient to yield reliable data that
aie representative of the source's compliance with Us terras. See 40 C.F.R. § 70.6(a)(3)(iXB),
Therefore, EPA is granting Petitioner's request to object to the Permit The Permit must include
periodic monitoring adequate to assure compliance with BAAQMD Regulation 6-31 L See 40
C.F.R. § 70.6(a)(3)(i){B).
(3) Regulation 6-305
BAAQMD Regulation 6-305 states that, "a person shall not emit particles from any
operation in sufficient number to cause annoyance to any other person.. .This Section 6-305 shall
only apply if such particles fall on real property other than that of the person responsible for the
emission." Nuisance requirements such as this may be enforced by EPA and Lhe District at any
time and there is no practical monitoring program that would enhance the ability of the permit to
assure compliance with the applicable requirement. Therefore, EPA is denying Petitioner's
request to object to the Permit as it pertains to monitoring for BAAQMD Regulation 6-305,
(4) Regulation 6-301
BAAQMD Regulation 6-301 slates that a person shall not emit from any source for a
period or periods aggregating more than three minutes in any liour> a visible emission which is as
dark or darker than No. I on the Ringelmann Chart. While the Statement of Basis docs not
contain a justification for the District's decision that monitoring is not required for this standard,
the District stated the following in response to public comments: 'The District has prepared an
analysis based on the AP-42 factors for particulate, which are very conservative, and has indeed
determined that 'it is virtually impossible for cooling towers to exceed visible or grain loading
limitations.' The calculations show that the particulate grain loading is a hundredth or less than
the 0- i.5 gr/dscf standard due to the large airflows. When the grain loading is so low, visible
emissions are not expected," 2003 CRTC at 59. EPA finds the District's assessment of the
visible emissions to be reasonable and that Petitioner has not demonstrated otherwise. Therefore,
36
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EPk is denying Petitioner's request lo object te the Permit as II pertains to monitoring for
BAAQMD ReguiatioB 6-30L
4, Monircn^g^fPrcss'afs Relief Valves
Petitioner ^leg« ftwl the Percnft f&«t indudc additions*! m-amrnwing to nfiuiw ibaUtl
pressure relief valves at ihe faciliiy are m eompsiiafiee wilhlhe rs^dtettienfe efStP-apptwccJ
Disiocf Regulator 8-28 Relets from Pnssswre Relief Vaiv^sJ, at 36,
Rsgylatbfi 8-21 requires ihat wtlliiit VM days oflihe firs! ""release at a faritfcy* ihe
fadliy AMI fiqiiip each fmassuas relief device of iJiai source with a lampserpfwif' ieli-iai« tsrfksiof
th&c wiH sliow thst a release has ectufttd since itis last inspccikwi, Rfegplatisn 8-28 also requires
thai a rdtea&e«ve«t loin a pressure relief deviw be r«fsocted to the AFCO on Che next worklsg
day fbliowuig the venting, PetifiCHier siaiss thai neither ihc regulation nw ihe Fermi i iticliKfes
atif monitoring reqmretnerHs to ensure thai the ilrst release event -of a relief valve would ever be
ami tfcat available cdl-CaJe indicators m another objective nmmtortng melted should be
r«*|!sar«d for all pr&sfcurfc tulieif t'st^s ai !te refinery, ragaudlm of a 'vsl're'K release *rv»nl slates.
First, 1FA fediiuvss that t'li# requirement that a fiedky 'eepotl all rc1e<«^ events 10 tie
District is adequate to ensure (hat the first release event would be recorded. EPA also notes that
th^tdfirjesy k $»hj«ci (t> die title ¥ rffqair«m«ni: to certify esropliarioe wife all applicable
te^teractrfs, kdMrig* RepMoii 8-18, Sefis stated abewe, BPA is iteming tfm Petition or> ifus issue
5, Additional Monitoring Problems Identified by Petitiorter
Petitioner cis-ims thai several sour^&s with, federaly scnforeemblc- limits tmder BAAQMD
Regulation 6 impede nioftiioringoa ths source.
The December 1 r 21103 Slatcmeiil of Basis provides tte Dlstricfs justification fiw not
37
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requiring monitoring. Specifically, the District stated, "Source is capable of exceeding visible
emissions or grain loading standard only during process upset. Under such circumstances, other
indicators will alert the operator that something is wrong." See December I, 2003 Statement of
Basis, n. 4, at 23. [f the source ts not capable of exceeding tbe emission standards at times other
than process upsets, it is reasonable that the District would not require regularly scheduled
monitoring during normal operations. However, if, as stated by the District, S-157 is capable of
exceeding the emission standards during process upsets, monitoring during those periods may be
necessary. While the District stated that indicator? would alert the operator that something is
wrong in the event of a process upset, the District failed to demonstrate bow the indicators or the
operator's response would assure compliance with Lhc applicable limits.
EPA finds in this case that the District's decision to not require monitoring is not
adequately supported by the record. Therefore, EPA is granting Petitioner's request to object to
the Permit as it pertains to monitoring for S-157. The District must re-open the Permit to include
periodic monitoring that yields reliable data that are representative of the source's compliance
with the permit or further explain in the Statement of Basis why monitoring is not needed.
b. Lime Slurry Tanks (S-174 and S-175) / B AAQMD Regulations 6
301,6-310, and 6-311
BAAQMD Regulation 6 contains three standards for which Petitioner objects to the
absence of monitoring. Regulation 6-311 sets a variable emission limit depending on the process
weight rate and the requirements of 6-301 and 6-310 are described above. Regulation 6 does not
contain periodic monitoring requirements for any of the standards and the District did not impose
monitoring on these sources.
As in the previous case for source S-157, the Statement of Basis states that the District
did not require monitoring to assure compliance with Regulations 6-301 and 6-310 because the
"source is capable of exceeding visible emissions or grain loading standard only during process
upset. Under such circumstances, other indicators will alert the operator that something is
wrong," See December 1, 2003 Statement of Basis, n. 4, at 23. The Statement of Basis is silent
on the District's monitoring decision for Regulation 6-311. Therefore, for the reasoiis staled
above, EPA is granting Petitioner's request to object to the Permit as it pertains to monitoring for
sources S-174 and S-175 to assure compliance with Regulations 6-301, 6-310, and 6-311, The
District must reopen the Permit to include periodic monitoring or further explain in the Statement
of Basis why monitoring is not needed.
c Diesel Backup Generators (S-240, S-24I, and S-242) / BAAQMD
Regulations 6-303,1 and 6-310
13AAQMD Regulation 6 contains two particulate matter emissions standards for which
Petitioner objects to the absence of monitoring. The requirement of Regulation 6-310 is
described above and Regulation 6-303.1 limits visible emissions to Ringelmann No. 2.
38
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BAAQMD Regulation 6 contains one particulate matter emission standard for which
Petitioner objects to the absence of monitoring. Specifically, BAAQMD Regulation 6-311 sets a
variable emission limit depending on the process weight rate. Regulation 6 does not contain
periodic monitoring requirements for any of the standards and the District did not impose
monitoring on these sources.
For ali four emission sources, the Permit requires monitoring with respect to Regulations
6-301 and 6-310 but not 6-311. Given this apparent conflict and the failure of the Statement of
Basis to discuss the absence of monitoring, EPA finds that the District's decision in this case is
not adequately supported by the record. Therefore, EPA is granting Petitioner's request as it
pertains to monitoring for sources S-S, S-10, S-l 1, and S-12. The District must reopen the
Permit to include periodic monitoring for Regulation 6-311 that yields reliable data that are
representative of the source's compliance with the permit or explain in the Statement of Basis
why monitoring is not needed.
H. Miscellaneous Permit Deficiencies
1 Missing Federal Requirements for Flares (Subpart CC)
Petitioner states that the District incorrectly determined that Valero Hares are
categorically exempt from 40 C.F.R, § 63 Subpart CC (NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries),
Petitioner further states that "EPA disagreed with the District's claim that the flaxes qualify for a
categorical exemption from Subpart CC when used as an alternative to the fuel gas system," and
that the Valero Permit and Statement of Basis contain incorrect applicability determinations for
flares S-l8 and S-E9, and that there is not enough information to determine applicability for
flares S-16 and S-l7. Petitioner stales that for all flares subject to Subpart CC, the Permit must
include all applicable requirements, including 40 CF.R. § 63 Subpart A, by reference from 40
CF.R. § 63 Subpart CC. Petitioner goes on to note that Petitioner has requested in past
comments that the District determine the potential applicability of a number of federal
regulations to the Valero flares, including 40 C.F.R, § 63 Subpart A, 40 C.F.R, § 63 Subpart CC,
and 40 C.F.R, § 60 Subpart A, but that the Dislrict did not do so. Petitioner notes that given a
Jack of relevant information, Petitioner was unable to make an independent evaluation of
applicability. Petitioner also alleges that EPA agreed with Petitioner that the District failed to
provide sufficient information for the applicability determinations for flares S-16 and S-70 via
Attachment 2 of EPA's October 8 comment letter. Finally, Petitioner states that EPA must
object to the Permit until the Dislrict provides a sufficient analysis regarding the applicability of
these federal rules to the Valero flares, and until the Permit contains all applicable requirements.
a. 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart A
EPA finds that the applicability of 40 C.F.R. § 60 Subpart A is adequately addressed in
the December 16, 2004 Statement of Basis for Valero. See Statement of Basis at 18 (Dec, 16,
2004). The District has included a table on page 18 of the December 16, 2004 Statement of Basis
40
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Subpart CC
EPA agrees ikat a li&re used only iitider ibe two ctrc^mslsnces described fay the Pistrici
would not be subject to Suhpwi CC becauffc swell ftaes ar^ itoi used to cciMrol ijiiKxIlaficcKis
pi-mma vents as te mm is ddlBerf in 161S4L Acconifig to lilt BAAQMD February 15, 2005
Letter BAAQMI? infeods to revise the Statement of Basis to further explain its xaiiooateihaf
Sul^Mt OC which specifics tte f^jHiiernefits for Authorises to Construct und
FeimiUs lo Operwte, Rute I of tie reguiafi&n cocftaina ttonerfiJv mtisl provide fh? Agency with a
r^aiernenf of ba?k ihat mis forth lie legal «d &claal teis for the perntii to the State ofTexaj^ 1'heae docaHWJsi? describe sevctaS km
elements- e?f a staleaient of hasis, speciftcifly iielietjg iLm! a Statement Gf basis shoxjid address any
~4fhtt i?«er b &¦¦ Iftlp:?/wvv^cps-i^/ri^iinj^rogwa^airtU/str't
"07 F«3. 731 (Szmwty 7.3^2)
42
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federal regulatory applicability determinations. The Region V letter also recommends the
inclusion of topical discussions on issues including but not limited to the basis for exemptions.
Further, in response to a petition Hied in regard to the title V permit for the Los Medanos Energy
Center, EPA concluded that a statement of basis should document the decision-making that went
into the development of the litle V permit and provide the permitting authority, the public, and
EPA with a record of the applicability and technical issues surrounding the issuance of the
permit. Such a record ought to contain a description of the origin or basis for each permit
condition or exemption. See, Los Medanos1 at 10,
As stated in Los Medanos, the failure of a permitting authority to meet the procedural
requirement to provide a statement of basis docs not necessarily demonstrate that the title V
permit is substantively flawed. In reviewing a petition to object to a title V permit because of an
alleged failure of the permitting authority to meet all procedural requirements in issuing the
permit, EPA considers whether the petitioner has demonstrated that the permitting authority's
failure resulted in, or may have resulted in, a deficiency in the content of the permit. See C AA
§ 505(b)(2) (objection required "if the petitioner demonstrates .,, that the permit is not in
compliance with the requirements of this Act, including the requirements of the applicable
[SIP]"); see aiso 40 C.F.R. § 70.8(c)(1). Thus, where the record as a whole supports the terms
and conditions of the permit, flaws in the statement of basis generally will not result in an
objection. See e.g.. Doe Run, at 24-25. In contrast, where flaws in the statement of basis resulted
in, or may have resulted in, deficiencies in the title V permit, EPA will object to the issuance of
the permit.
With regard to the Valero Permit, the majority of the sources listed in Table 1IB are
identified in the December !, 2003 Statement of Basis along with a citation from Regulation 2
describing the basis of the exemption. For the sources that fall within this category, EPA finds
that the permit record supports the District's determination for the exempt status of the
equipment. However, in reviewing the December 16,2004 Statement of Basts, EPA noted that
three of the sources listed in Table HB of the Permit are nut included in the statement of basis
with the corresponding citations for the exemptions.24 For these sources, the failure of the record
to support the terms of the Permit is adequate grounds for objecting to the Permit. Thcrcforc,
EPA is granting Petitioner's request to object to the Permit with respect to the listing of exempt
sources in Table IEB but only as the request pertains to the three sources identified herein.
Although EPA is not aware of other errors, the District should review the circumstances Tor all of
the sources in Tabic IlB and the corresponding table in the statement of basis to further ensure
(hut the Permit is accurate and that the record adequately supports the Permit, EPA also
encourages the District to add the citation for each exemption to Tabic [IB as was done for the
Conoco Phillips, Chevron, and Shell permits.
3 Public Participation
^Compare Table HB oflhc Pcrmil with the December I, 2003 statement of basis for the LPG Truck
Loading Rack, ihc TK.-27IO Fresh Acid Tank, and Ihe Cogencration Plant Cooling Tower
41
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Petitioner argues that the District did not, in a timely fashion, make readily available to
the public, compliance information that is relevant to evaluating whether a schedule of
compliance is necessary. Specifically, Petitioner asserts that it had to make several requests
under the California Public Records Act to obtain "relevant information concerning NOVs issued
to the facility between 2001 and 2004" and the "2003 Annual Report and other compliance
information, which is not readily available." Petitioner states that it took three weeks for the
District to produce the information requested in Petitioner's "2003 PRA request." Petitioner
contends that it expended significant resources to obtain the data and received the data so late in
the process that they could not be sufficiently analyzed.
[n determining whether an objection is warranted for alleged flaws in the procedures
leading up to permit issuance, such as Petitioner's claims here that the District failed to comply
with public participation requirements, EPA considers whether the petitioner has demonstrated
that the alleged flaws resulted in, or may have resulted in, a deficiency in the permit's content.
See CAA, Section 505{b)(2)(objection required "if the petitioner demonstrates ... that the permit
is not in compliance with the requirements of [the Act], including the requirements of the
applicable [SIP].") EPA's title V regulations specifically identify the failure of a permitting
authority to process a permit in accordance with procedures approved to meet the public
participation provisions of 40 CF.R. § 70,7(h) as grounds for an objection, 40 C.F.R.
§ 70.8(c)(3)(iii), District Regulations 2-6-4*2 and 2-6-419 implement the public participation
requirements of 40 C.F.R. § 70.7(h). District Regulation 2-6-412, Public Participation, Major
Facility Review Permit Issuance, approved by EPA as meeting the public participation provisions
of 40 C.F.R, § 70.7(h), provides for notice and comment procedures that the District must follow
when proposing to issue any major facility review permit. The public notice, which shall be
published in a major newspaper in the area where the facility is located, shall identify, inter alia,
information regarding the operation to be permitted, any proposed change in emissions, and a
District source for further information. District Regulation 2-6-419, Availability of Information,
requires the contents of the permit applications, compliance plans, emissions or compliance
monitoring reports, and compliance certification reports to he available to the public, except for
information entitled to confidential treatment.
Petitioner fails to demonstrate that the District did not process the permit in accordance
with public participation requirements. The District duly published a notice regarding the
proposed initial issuance of the permit. The notice, inter alia, referenced a contact for further
information. The permit application, compliance pJan, emissions or compliance monitoring
reports, and compliance certification reports are available to th« public through the District's
Web site or in the District's files, which are open to the public during business hours. Petitioner
admits that it ultimately obtained the compliance information it sought, albeit later than it
wished. Petitioner fails to show that the perceived delay in receiving requested documents
resulted in, or may have resulted in, a deficiency in the Permit. Therefore, EPA denies the
Petition on this issue.
44
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IV TREATMENT, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, AS A PETITION TO REOPEN
As explained in the Procedural Background section of this Order, EPA received and
dismissed a prior petition ("2003 OCE Petition") from this Petitioner on a previous version of the
Permit al issue in this Petition. EPA's response in this Order to issues raised in this Petition that
were also included in the 2003 OCE Petition also constitutes the Agency's response to the 2003
Petition. Furthermore, EPA considers the Petition validly submitted under CAA section
505(b)(2), However, if the Petition should be deemed to be invalid under that provision, EPA
also considers, in the alternative, the Petition and Order lo be a Petition to Reopen the Permit and
a response to a Petition to Reopen the Permit, respectively.
V CONCLUSION
For Lhe reasons set forth above, and pursuant to section 505(b)(2) of the Clean Air Art, I
deny in part and grant in part OCE's Petition requesting that the Administrator object to the
Valero Permit. This decision is based on a thorough review of the draft permit, the final Permit
issued December 16,2004, and other docur 1 "
Date
MAR 1 5 2005
Steph
Act in;
AS
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Bib FOR L H!h ADMINIS i H A ! OR
i iMI UD STAITb HNVIRONMI-'NTAL PRO E K" I h \%J\ Si"V
|\ i HI- MA M i'K 01-
UNVX KNVIRONMhNTAI Sk'KVK. I.S I
?KLSHOMJjN'tj U)
}PhnriOM RS* !Krn-p AMKxni.M.. pnh;»h <)Kni-k paiu iai ia nt-NYiNG anij
PAR [ lALLY (">RA\ i l\Q I'l-'fi'l U )\ HAU )B*lt t' HON TO PI-RMi Y
l-l'A ha*, become mvaic of.» iacni.il vnur m ilw K-bn.aiy E, 2006 Order Responding u.
IViilivu.uis" that fhe AilrmiiKtr.tiur « >bt«i fn Issuance M a proposed Stale Opetaisug
Pcni.it for Onyv l:n\ nonmcnial Kcmcc 'IA cancel fiiai eimi, I ;tm amcntlinii the; February 1
f Jrd»T hv .sinking tun :hc mtuoji ^nuilai "VI Munittmng" ami icplaciuj: it with ihc
I.y^vfir.ij'y rippeisnru; Helow As u rcsul! of the unm ;»m 1 ;iiii iierchv |»j ;*ni1 irti1, the. petition on
titoi is^uc-
1 he amended liii)"u,*iMC lor srr!iit;i \ 1 ,¦> as fulluv,^
S 1. Muiutoring
Hit,' |\-IitiMi!crs rqeue that lb- Administrator insist nhpzci to die proposed
Onvv pcniiit hccitu^t." il liuls Hi mduik conditions that meet the legal requirement1;
for ituniFlonJU',. Hit IVuhi'srxis tilt condi'.u»ti " I RTui on pdge Sft ol the
psypoijed Onyx permit, which pro* utes thuf t Jn> v mi st mssall cahlnate, mumumi.
.iiiti npetute PaHttilL'ifc Matter ( nnfir.unu1; rmiSMon Momtnjx (PM (1 Mf) to
'S'.:iRtaU. ealibiate, mainUm.
;«iJ titt I'M CFMs until uu h tmv fh.vr r S i PA promulgates all
pe; fijrn.ancL spccilk-atiuiii usiJ a|v,taU.3iial iequnaii<;n[s tor I'M C'fc'Ms"
PrlHsuncis ai'j-Mtc ihat liiere arc iu- PM ini'iiituriiii: KyuuciiK'Uls established stt the
jv.'inut Hithout the ybligafi'in !a (iHial! utld opti.ifc She PM t 'FAR which is
coiuininrtf oil futms. I'.S. hFA PctitM»n at IK
I' S HJA pHiniiilyatol fhc (it,-lurni.tnti- MHVitlcatioii for PM (TMs
i Pc It iruwnre Ktandunl 1 I / Jis!Vw»«y 11? i! f I £ 14 Hmvevot I, S l-l'A has tiol )fi
pmmiilp/itcfS liitv optratn^mil rcvjiur^nKnls f^.r PM tTMx. Acconhn.uly, the
E\H)uit\;mi'rU to install am! opf.r.ilc PM ds«es no! i-iurcnlly ;tpply to Onyx,
alilwuttli 0u' pettntt pfupei K iniUHi-s I'M ( TAt > iv>r.. ! S f-HA ptiuimlf.atv.s
Mj.-li r.pctjiional requirement 1 U-u cvet, sishp;ir! i• f.I• c«,)nt;iHiS other
-------
Fvmmafients uii.fiik-i !<• help ,s„u,c ih the I'M KmU, nriuduiE -
rwi'^rcwciu tui ba..- leak ifctaimn m.wit.nmv ' 1 :iC 1 *^uPPld
w>ili h.o'lious.es, «n«l iheielWc t »nv\ n n ^wiitd :o opt utt ami mnir.Uun ,1 syaar.
nnkiat leak? hum the bai'jlu^rs the perm: c«na«!> lacks |«,fy»wn>
u-uumr.u ;t k.ik dciecliuii sy.slciu. Ac* cr.itnyly. tlichrk »H j cmrtnliv apphcitbii
tt.viuHcni.nl lo opcr.uc ami simio'mh I'M ( f'Ms tloc*.lwC t,ui"C {'lc P?"'*2*
i'r»lac!i! uiiufi .M>r J* R ^.MaK'ToHH). toa I'cwumct* jic correct mat the
nc!-r I.iLkv 'lumiHwttj; rem»twi '.hkUt nth«r pu.Msi.os of 40 C 1 -\R «7<»A .wtd
IhcrcUvc 1 am niujmrv. tin- Fnh«>n ,m ^mu- and acting IH»A rt-vixi-
i.« inCi«TKMal« *11 PM iv• •'rt".'uwiu'red :»» 'He Unl«y umUn subpart
I.t* 1,, na-Sudiiiti a k.ih v^irm
I a:v. nnf ?e\ issng thi Older issued 1-iHnurv < ;ii
than inm \ I, senum uuh^ i'iiotvi.
Olhcl
ershen I. inimson
SrnPh,,,« «r'.-
t!*€ H'A't' \1 V ! SlatuUiniv \ lu"\ *W>">
Somji H"!\ Inv, k*it ;mviu>.-U ..u.t -!k no : ^op.rtcl hv il;f',\. ihc
r,qu,:a^ n, to :«* *lcctMi mU^ h. !*«*«* ':,m "f, ^ was l"
poprntHK '.he pcraul. IH>\ 4*y.M «Ntfr I»w1 to' pnnif i-r«|HTh fci.lMs all u, tl,e utfiim MA
I r:! IfiC,
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* A
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27711
APR 3 0 2014 AIR QUALITY PLANNIMO
mO STANDARDS
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT: Implementation Guidance on Annual Ctyjipiiance Certification Reporting and Statement
of Basis Requirements for Title V Qpmting/crmits
FROM: Stephen D. Pi
Director
TO: Regional Air Division Directors, Regions 1-10
I his memorandum and attachments provide guidance on satisfying the Clean Air Act title V annual
compliance certification reporting and statement of basis requirements. It addresses two outstanding
recommendations made by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) in the report titled, "'Substantial
Changes Needed in Implementation and Oversight of Title V Permits if Program Goals are to be Fully
Realized," (OIG Report No. 2005-P-00G1G);
Recommendation 2-1: Develop and issue guidance or rulemaking on annual compliance
certification content, which requires responsible officials to certify compliance with ull
applicable terms and conditions of the permit, as appropriate.
Recommendation 2-3: Develop nationwide guidance on the contents of the statement of basis
which includes discussions of monitoring, operational requirements, regulatory applicability
determinations, explanation of any conditions from previously issued permits that are not being
transferred to the title V permit, discussion of streamlining requirements, and other factual
information, where advisable, including a list of prior title Vpermits issued to the same
applicant at the plant, attainment status, and construction, permitting, and compliance history of
the plant.
In a February 8,2013, memorandum to the OIG, the EPA stated its intent to address these two
recommendations., as well as similar recommendations from the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee's
Title V Task Force 0
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also provide guidance on title V requirements; the I:PA encourages sources to consul! with their state
and local permitting uuthorilics to obtain additional inlbrmation or to obtain specific guidance,
I!" you have am tjuvsfitms, please contact Juan Ktuiliajfu, Associate Director, Air Quality Folic)1
llrvisiorv'OAQPS. at 541-10K4, smtiaga.jimn'Mypa.jinv.
Attachments
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Disclaimer
Tik'M' ilwimaii.\ c.spls/m thr ivtfwn'm'uk oi (he EPA r*%utuUtw> tk.u riin-'y thi' H'A jmheivy otu!
wtrnmiemh /WHViwh mrhumy wrmnmh^v such as "must"
ami "n'lptiraf" fv wtv titled io A'scribe twwW/w*» n'tjuirewctm wider (he terms of the i 'kan Jk.-U-t
umi tftv EPA rt'auhithm. but (he dtteuHtvab do not establish legidl} hbutiny txtfuircmmh in and oj
thi"IH Vt '/V('A