-------
Table 4-5.

Input variables used in PREPAR/AIRDOS

-EPA (continued).

Variable
Name

Type(a)

Number of
Values

Units

Definition

NRU

I

1

-

Upper grid limit, last distance (circ.) or north
(square).

NSTB

I

1



1 for printing and unformatted output of environmental
concentrations and intake rates by mane for each nuclide,
0 for omitting the above (2 for unformatted output
without printing, in modified AIRDOS-EPA).

NTTB

I

1

-

1 for printing dose summary tables
0 for omitting the above

NUC

A8

NNUCS

-

An alias for NAMNUC.

NUMORG

I

NNUCS

-

Number of organs considered for the radionuclide.

NUMST

I

1

-

Number of stacks or release areas.

NUTB

I

1



1 for printing working level concentrations of 222Rn decay
products if it is in the source term,

0 for omitting the above.

P

R

1

kg/m2

Effective surface density of soil (dry weight) (assumes
15-cm plow layer).

PERD

R

16

-

Wind direction frequency.

PH

R

NUMST

m

Physical height of stack.

PR

R

7

m

Specific plume rise for each Pasquill category.

QH

R

NUMST

cal/s

Heat release from stack.

QSUBF

R

1

kg/d

Consumption rate of contaminated feed or forage by an
animal (dry weight).

Rl

R

1

-

Deposition interception fraction for pasture.

-------
Table 4-5.

Input variables used in PREFAR/AIRDOS

-EPA (continued).

Variable
Name

Type(a)

Number of
Values

Units

Definition

R2

R

1

-

Deposition interception fraction for vegetable crops.

REEF

R

1



The fraction representing the quantity of ingested beef
produced at the environmental location divided by the
total quantity ingested which is produced throughout the
assessment area.

RD1, RW1

R

NNUCS

-

Special values for R1 as defined in IFLAG.

RD2, RW1

R

NNUCS

-

Special values for R2 as defined in IFLAG.

REL

R

NNUCS x
NUMST

Ci/y

Release rate of radionuclide from stack.

RMLK

R

1

-

Same as RBEF except applied to milk.

RR

R

1

cm/y

Annual average rainfall rate.

RVEG

R

1

-

Same as RBEF except applied to meat.

SC

R

NNUCS

s"1

Scavenging coefficient.

SEQWL

R

1

-

Assumed fraction of equilibrium for the short-life
progeny of 222Rn.

SCSD

R

1

m

The exact length of the side of each grid square when
using the square gird configuration. A value of SQSD
must also be used for the circular option which
corresponds to the approximate length of each grid square
in a 20 x 20 grid superscribed on the circular assessment
area.

T

R

1

d

Buildup time allotted for surface deposition.

TA

R

1

K

Average air temperature.

TAUBEF

R

1

d'1

Fraction of meat producing herd slaughtered per day.

-------
Table 4-5.

Input variables used

in FREPAR/AIRDOS

-EPA (continued).

Variable
Name

Typg(a)

Number of
Values

Units

Definition

TDCF

R

NNUCS

rem-cm3/pCi-y

Dose conversion factor for food; always 0 except for
tritium.

TDCW

R

NNUCS

rem-cm3/pCi-y

Dose conversion factor for drinking water; always 0
except for tritium.

TG

R

3

K/m

Vertical temperature gradient for Pasquill categories E,
F, and G.

TSUBB

R

1

y

Period of long-term buildup for activity in soil.

TSUBE1

R

1

h

Period of exposure during growing season - pasture grass.

TSUBE2

R

1

h

Period of exposure during growing season - crops or leafy
vegetables,

TSUBF

R

1

d

Transport time from animal feed-milk-man.

TSUBH1

R

1

h

Time delay - ingestion of pasture grass by animals.

TSUBH2

R

1

h

Time delay - ingestion of stored feed by animals.

TSUBH3

R

1

h

Time delay - ingestion of leafy vegetables by man.

TSUBH4

R

1

h

Time delay - ingestion of produce by man.

TSUBS

R

1

d

Average time from slaughter of meat animal to
consumption.

UDAV

R

112

m/s

Arithmetic-average wind speeds (7 Pasquill categories, 16
directions).

UDCAT

R

112

m/s

Harmonic-average wind speeds (7 Pasquill categories, 16
directions).

UF

R

1

ks/y

Rate of ingestion of meat by mail.

UL

R

1

kg/y

Rate of ingestion of leafy vegetables by man.

-------
Table 4-5. Input variables used In PREPAR/AIRDOS-EPA (continued)

Variable Type{a) Number of
Name	Values

Units

Definition

UM

USEFAC

UV

VD

VDCOEF

VEL
VG

VSUBM

YSUBV1

YSUBV2

R
R
R

R

R
R
R
R

1
1
1

NNUCS

(NQU-NOL+1)
(NRU-NRL+1)

NUMST

NNUCS

1

1

1

L/y

kg/y

m/s

m/s

m/s

L/d

kg/m2

kg/m2

Rate of ingestion of milk by man.

Fraction of time spent swimming.

Rate of ingestion of produce by man.

Dry deposition velocity.

Factor to be multiplied by VD to give dry deposition
velocity representative of the area for a specific
compass direction and IDIST value.

Velocity of stack gases.

Gravitational (or settling) velocity.

Milk production of cow.

Agricultural productivity (grass-cow-milk pathway).
Agricultural productivity (produce or leafy vegetables),

(a)	1 - integer; R - real; An - alphanumeric, n characters long

(b)	The organ names are reset in FRDPOF.DAT to the following: GONADS, BREAST, R MAR, LUNGS, THYROID, ENDOST,
RMNDR, and EFFEC.

-------
i

Table 4-6.

Input variables

used in

PREPAR,

Variable
Name



Type
-------
Table 4-6.

Input variables

used in PREPAR (continued).

Variable
Name

Type<8> Units

Definition

IUNIT

I

.

Unit from which array input is read if it is not on the main
input unit.

IWIND

I

-

Unit from which STAR or wind data are read.

JO

I

m/h

Instantaneous rainfall rate.

NS

I

-

Number of STAR stability categories entered.

NW

I

-

Number of STAR wind speed categories entered.

organ"53

A8

-

List of organ names.

PDIA

R

pm

Physical diameter of particle.

RHO

R

gm/cm3

Particle density.

UNIT

A2

-

-	'CI' if releases are entered in Curies (default)

-	'BQ' if releases are entered in Becquerels

VGO

R

m/s

Alias for CUTOFF.

WDCS

R

-

Joint frequency of occurrence of a given wind direction,
stability class, and wind speed category.

ws

R

m/s

Wind speed of each wind speed category.

z

R

m

Height of wind speed measurement.

zo

R

m

Surface roughness length.

(a)	L - logical; R - real; An - alphanumeric, n characters long.

(b)	The organ names are reset In PRDPOP.DAT to the following: GONADS, BREAST, R MAR, LUNGS, THYROID, ENDOST,
RMNDR, and EFFEC.

-------
The NAMELIST type MODI is used to modify the data from the radionuclide
file and any nuclide data that are computed within FREPAR. The modifications
are keyed to the nuclide name (NAMNUC), the uptake fraction for ingestion
(FUNG), the solubility class (ISOL), the activity median aerodynamic diameter
(AMAD), the particle diameter (PDIA), and the particle density (RHG)» The
modifications entered are made to all the nuclides that match the key list.
For example, if a particle density of one is the only key entered, then that
list of modifications will be applied to every nuclide with a particle density
equal to one. On the other hand, if a nuclide name, an uptake fraction, and a
solubility class are entered as keys, it is likely that only one nuclide will
match the key list thus, those modifications will apply only to that one
nuclide. The ALLRAD88 data file (see Appendix F) contains the default element
and nuclide specific data used by AIRDOS-EPA.

Almost all of the variables entered using PREPAR have exactly the same
meaning as the variables of the same name in AIRDOS-EPA. The only difference
is that within the nuclide data, 11-15 have different meanings. The 11-15
values are indices to the parent nuclides contributing to daughter buildup.
The corresponding F1-F5 values are defined as the surface input rate of the
progeny from parent decay per unit aerial deposition rate of the parent. In
AIRDOS-EPA, the variables 11-15 denote absolute indices within the list of
radionuclide names. For example, an II of 2 would point to the second nuclide
in the input nuclide list. In PREPAR, they denote relative indices. Using
variables II and F1 to represent all five of each variable, if no F1 value is
entered, then II is always set to 0. If a negative value is entered, then II
is set to point back that many nuclides. For example, if the current nuclide
is fifth in the input nuclide list and an II of -2 is entered, this
corresponds to an AIRDOS-EPA II value of 3. Subsequent nuclides with values
for F1 will refer to the same AIRDOS-EPA value of II (i.e., 3) until a new
value for II is entered. If no value for II has been entered,
entering a value for F1 will cause II to be set to a relative index of -1.

Note that the value of II has no effect on the values of 12 through 15.

Some AIRDOS-EPA variables are computed in PREPAR from other input
values, SQSD is computed from IDIST. DIM is computed from AREA. RMLK,
F3MLKM, etc. , are computed from F1M, F2M, F3M, etc., SC, VG, and VD are
computed from particle size, particle density, and meteorological parameters
if the user does not enter these values. The computations are discussed in
Section 2 of ORNL-5952 (0RNL84).

4.1.3 Array Input

All array data, other than population data, may either be read from the
same unit as the scalar data (i.e., included in the JCL listing) or read from
user-prepared files. Population data must be read from a file. This is a
departure from earlier editions of PREPAR, which allowed input of population
data in the JCL listing. An infinite loop will occur if population data is
entered in the JCL in this version of CAP-88. Please note that the population
files generated by running SECP0P3A contains the array distances in the first
three lines. These distances are used by CAP-88 to generate the agricultural
arrays and to set the distances used in the assessment for a population run.

SAMPLE.POP (see Appendix G) Is an example of a file containing population
array data. The format for entering array data from a file follows.

4-25

-------
Line 1:

Data arrays may be entered using either default or user-supplied
formats. For each data type, enter the type name on the first line.

Line 2:

If the array data are not to be read from the same unit as the scalar
data (IUSER), then the next line is 'FILE nn', where nn is the unit number.
Subsequent array data from the same file may be accessed using a 'FILE'
statement with no unit number. Once an array file Is opened, it is not
rewound until a new array file is selected. Any unwanted records may be
passed over with a 'SKIP nn' statement which will skip nn records before
reading the array. Selecting a new array file causes the old one to be closed
before the new file is opened. The value for nn is entered as an integer
value in the eight columns following FILE or SKIP. Note that for WIND arrays,
the file number nn defaults to IWIND (see Tables 4-3 and 4-6); therefore this
line need not be used for wind data (see lines 64 through 66 in Appendix E).

Line 3:

The selected format type must be entered on the line following the FILE
number (WIND arrays are the exception, see Section 4.1.3.1). The input type
may be 'DEFAULT' for accepting the default format, 'USER' for entering your
own format, or 'LIST' for using list-directed input.

Line 4:

If USER was selected as the format type, the format is entered on this

line.

Line 5:

The data is entered on this line unless they are being read from the
unit entered with the FILE command.

The following is an example of the statements used to input array data:

Columns
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

POPULATION ARRAY

FILE 24

SKIP 3

USER

(8(19,IX))

Table 4-7 presents the data type names used for array input. The arrays
are defined in Table 4-8.

4-26

-------
Table 4-7. Data type names used by PREPAR for array input.
Data Type Name	Array Name	Default Format

WIND

-	STAR

-	AIRDOSE

POPULATION
WATER AREAS
DEPOSITION VELOCITY
CONCENTRATIONS

COMMENTS

WDCS

(T8.6F7.5)

PERD

(16F5.0)

UDCAT

(16F5.0)

UDAV

(16F5.0)

FRAW

(7F10.0)

INTPA

(1016)

INTWA

(1016)

VDCOEF

(8E10.4)

ACON

(8E10.4)

GCON

(8E10.4)

CMT

(20A4)

4-27

-------
Table 4-8.

Definition

of arrays

input using PREPAR.

Array Name

Type(8'

Number of
Units

Units

Definition

ACON

R

400

pCi/cc

Concentration in air at ground level for each environmental
location (20 x 20 array)

CMT

A80

-

-

Any comments the user wishes to have printed in the PREPAR
report.

FRAW

R

112

-

Frequencies for Pasquill stability categories (each of 16
directions).

GCON

R

400

pCi/cm2-s

Rate of deposition on ground surface for each environmental
location (20 x 20 array).

INTPA

R

400

-

Population for each environmental location (20 x 20 array).

INTWA

I

400

-

Identification as to whether an environmental location
contains significant water areas; 1 for does and 0 for does
not (20 x 20 array).

PERD

R

16

-

Wind direction frequency.

UDAV

R

112

m/s

Arithmetic-average wind speeds (7 Pasquill categories, 16
directions).

UDCAT

R

112

m/s

Harmonic-average wind speeds (7 Pasquill categories, 16
directions).

WDCS

R

896

-

Joint frequency of occurrence of a given wind direction,
stability class, and wind speed category.

-------
4.1.3.1 Comments Concerning Array Data Entry

The wind data type has special features. The line following the data
type name 'WIND' is not the FILE command but rather either 'STAR' for entering
STAR data or 'AIRDOS' for entering wind data in AIRDOS-EPA arrays. If the
entered STAR data does not have stability classes and wind classes that are
consistent with the PREPAR defaults, the user may enter reorganizing
information on the line following the 'STAR' line. These data are entered in
NAMELIST 'STAR'. The variables available are defined in Table 4-9. If the
data are entered as STAR data, the AIRDOS-EPA arrays needed are computed by
PREPAR. If the AIRDOS-EPA format is selected, the four arrays, PERD, UDCAT,
UDAV, and FRAW, are entered. When users-defined formats are used, an
additional format must be entered before the array, FRAW.

Table 4-9. NAMELIST STAR variables.

Variable Default	Meaning

NS	7	Number of input stability categories (max-8).

IS(8)	1,2,..7,0	Indices of AIRDOS-EPA stability categories in

which to sum the ith input category.

NW	7	Number of input wind speed categories.

WS(7)	Wind speed (m/s) of each of the wind speed

categories.

One array, the COMMENT data type, is entered to be used only in PREPAR.
If you wish to have any special commentary material to be printed at the
beginning of the PREPAR report and in the executive summary, enter these data
via the 'COMMENT' data type. Enter an '*' in the first column of the line
following the end of the comments.

4.1.4 Changes to PREPAR Input as Documented In ORNL-5952

Dairy and beef cattle distributions and vegetable crop area fractions
are now calculated by PREPAR by default. To avoid calculating agricultural
data, set NAMELIST AGDT variable FOODARRAY_GEN_AUTO - FALSE.

The number of cattle and beef per unit area, by state, were derived from
data developed by NRC (NRC75). A constant cattle density is assumed except
for the area closest to the source, or stack in the case of a point source,
i.e., no cattle are assumed within 500 meters of the source. Milk production
density in units of liters/day-square mile was converted to number of dairy
cattle/square kilometer by assuming a milk production rate of 11.0 liters/day
per dairy cow. Meat production density in units of kilograms/day-square mile
was changed to an equivalent number of beef cattle/square kilometer by
assuming a slaughter rate of .00381 day-1 and 200 kilograms of beef/animal
slaughtered. A 180-day grazing period was assumed for dairy and beef cattle.

4-29

-------
A certain fraction of the land within 80 kilometers of the source is
used for vegetable crop production and is assumed to be uniformly distributed
throughout the entire assessment area with the exception of the first 500
meters from the source. Information on the vegetable production density in
terms of kilograms (fresh weight)/day-square mile was obtained from NRC data
(NRC75). The vegetable crop fractions by state were obtained from the
production densities by assuming a production rate of 2 kilograms (fresh
weight)/year-square meter (NRC77).

Cattle densities and vegetable crop distributions used by FREFAR are
presented in Table 4-10.

4.2 FREDA/DARTAB INPUT DATA

DARTAB is the FORTRAN program that combines the airborne radionuclide
exposure data from AIRDOS-EPA with the dosimetric and health effects data
provided in RADRISK.BIN to generate tabulations of predicted health impacts.
A complete description of the calculation performed by the code, including
sample tables, may be found in ORNL-5692 (0RNL81a).

FREDA is a FORTRAN program that prepares input data for the DARTAB code.
FREDA searches the dose rate and health risk data set (RADRISK.BIN) for data
corresponding to the nuclides in the AIRDOS-EPA data set (AIRDOS2)» In
addition, PREDA reads DARTAB table option data from a user prepared file
(FRDPOP). The data necessary for input to DARTAB are written to a temporary
file (PREDA) which is then read by DARTAB.

An	example PRDPOP file is presented in Appendix H. The input is

provided	in NAMELIST format. Unlike PREFAR data entry, a data type name is

not used	(see Section 4.1.3). The NAMELIST format used by PREDA is as
follows:

Columns:	12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

Line 1 :	&INPUT IHEAD-1, ICRP-1,

Line 2 :	ILOC-O, JLOC-100 &END

where

NAMELIST name ; INPUT

Variable names: IHEAD, ICRP, ILOC, JL0C

NAMELIST and variable names used by PREDA are presented in Table 4-11.
Table 4-12 presents the table types output by DARTAB from which the user may
select.

4-30

-------
Table 4-10. Cattle densities and vegetable	crop distributions
for use with AIRDOS-EPA,

Dairy cattle	Beef cattle Vegetable

density	density crop fraction

State #/km2	///km2 km2/km2

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

7.02E-1

2.80E-1

5.90E-1

2.85

3.50E-1

1.5E+1
3.73
1.27E+1
8.81
1.13E+1

4.16E-3
2.90E-3
1.46E-3
1.18E-2
1.39E-2

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho

2.50E-1

2.72

1.37

8.63E-1

8.56E-1

3.60

6.48

1.28E+1

1.43E+1

7.19

7.93E-3
5.85E-2
6.92E-3
2.17E-3
7.15E-2

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

2.16

2.80
3.14
8.00E-
2.57

3.33E+1
3.34E+1
7.40E+1
2.90E+1
2.65E+1

2.80E-2
2.72E-2
2.43E-2
5.97E-2
3.98E-3

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

9.62E-1

8.07E-1

6.11

3.13

3.51

1.08E+1
7.65E-1
1.09E+1
2.90
7.90

4.35E-2
5.97E-2
1.11E-2
4.96E-3
1.70E-2

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

4.88
8.70E-17

1.89
9.27E-2
8.78E-1

1.85E+2

1.75E+1
3.43E+1
7.29
3.50E+1

3.05E-2
1.07E-3
8.14E-3
8.78E-3
2.39E-2

Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey

New Mexico
New York

5.65E-2

1.58

3.29

1.14E-1

8.56

1.84
1.40
4.25
4.13
5.83

8.92E-3
6.69E-2
1.82E-2
1.38E-3
1.88E-2

North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon

1.26

6.25E-1

4.56

7.13E-1

4.53E-1

1.02E+1
1.18E+1
2.03E+1
2.68E+1
4.56

6.32E-3
6.29E-2
1.70E-2
2.80E-2
1.59E-2

4-31

-------
Table 4-10. Cattle densities and vegetable crop distributions
for use with AIRDOS- EPA (continued).

Dairy cattle	Beef cattle	Vegetable

density	density	crop fraction

State	#/km2	#/km2	km2/km2

Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

6.46

2.30

7.02E-1

8.85E-1

2.00E-1

9.63
2.50
8.87
2.32E+1
2.11E+1

1.32E-2
4.54E-2
1.84E-3
1.20E-2
2.72E-3

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

5.30E-1

4.46E-1

8.88

1.84

1.50

6.00E-1
1.43E+1

5.79E-2

1.90E+1

2.84

4.71

1.31E+1

5.62

6.23
1.81E+1
5.12

5.77E-3
1.83E-3
1.08E-3
8.70E-3
5.20E-2

1.16E-3

1.78E-2
1.58E-3

4-32

-------
Table 4-11. Valid

PREDA NAMELIST and

variable names.

NAMELIST Variables

Default Units

Description

INPUT IHEAD

1

Flag controlling how many fields are to be read for each record
in the RADRISK file. The only valid value for the current
version of CAP-88 is 1.

ICRP

1

Flag used to select organ dose factors calculated assuming that
parents and progeny behave metobolically the same (ICRP
methodology) or that the progeny behave metobolically like
themselves (EPA methodology). In the current version, ICRP
values are only available for the progeny of lead-210 and
bismuth-210. For Clean Air Act assessments, ICRP - 1 must be
used for these progeny.

IRCP - 0 EPA methodology,

ICRP — 1 ICRP methodology (progeny of 210Pb and 210Bi only).

ILOC

0

ILOC is the direction indices for the desired location of the
exposure array to use for the individual tables.

JLOC

0

ILOC is the distance indices for the desired location of the
exposure array to use for the individual tables.

PLOC

100

PLOC is the percentile of the total risk to use in choosing the
location for the exposure array used for the individual tables.
If PLOC-p, then the location used will be the one associated with
the [p/100]th ordered value of the risk array. Note that if both
ILOC and JLOC equal zero, PLOC will be used to choose the
location.

AG EX

70.7565 years

The average lifetime expectancy.

ILET(l)
ILET(2)

1
1

ILET is an array dimensioned by two. ILET(I)-0 indicates that
only separate high- and low- LET tables will be output; 1
indicates only a combined table will be output; 2 indicates both
sets of tables will be output. For ILET(l), dose rate tables are
output. For ILET(2), health risk tables are output.

-------
Table 4-11. Valid PREDA NAMELIST and variable names (continued).

NAMELIST Variables Default Units	Description

DTABLE(l)
DTABLE(2)
DTABLE(3)
DTABLE(4)
DTABLE(5)
DTABLE(6)
DTABLE(7)

RTABLE(l)
RTABLE(2)
RTABLE(3)
RTABLE(4)
RTABLE(5)
RTABLE(6)
RTABLE(7)

FTABLE(l)
FTABLE(2)
FTABLE(3)
FTABLE(4)
FTABLE(5)
FTABLE(6)
FTABLE(7)

OUTPUT

GSCFAC

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
4
0

FALSE'

DTABLE indicates which of the seven possible dose rate tables
(see Table 4.2-2) will be output. The value of each position
indicates the type of table:

DTABLE(I) - 0

-	1

-	2

-	3
_ 4

none of this type of table are to be output,
output the table for an individual,
output the table for a mean individual,
output the table for the collective group,
output all three types of the above tables.

ORGAN ORGN(a)

Blank

RTABLE indicates which of the seven possible health risk tables
(see Table 4.2-2) will be output. The value of each position
indicates the type of table:

RTABLE(I) - 0 none of this type of table are to be output,

-	1 output the table for an individual,

-	2 output the table for a mean individual,

-	3 output the table for the collective group,

-	4 output all three types of the above tables.

FTABLE indicates which of the seven possible risk equivalent
tables (see Table 4.2-2) will be output. The value of each
position indicates the type of table:

FTABLE(I) - 0 none of this type of table are to be output,

-	1 output the table for an individual,

-	2 output the table for a mean individual,

-	3 output the table for the collective group,

-	4 output all three types of the above tables.

OUTPUT is a logical variable which governs whether the dose
factors will be output,

GSCFAC is a ground surface correction factor. All ground surface
quantities are multiplied by this factor to account for surface
roughness.

ORGN are the alphanumeric names (8 characters) of the NORGN
organs.

(a) The organ names are set in PRDPOP.DAT to the following: GONADS, BREAST, R MAR, LUNGS, THYROID, ENDOST,
RMNDR, and EFFEC.

-------
Table 4-11. Valid PREDA NAMELIST and variable names (continued).

NAMELIST Variables Default Units	Description

QFACTOR

NGRGN(b)

TIME
HLET

LLET

CANCER CANC
NCANC
RELABS
GENETIC GENEFF
GEN

NGEN

GRFAC(l)
GRFAC(2)

REPPER

GLLET

0

70
20

W B0DYCc>
1
1

years

NORGN is the number of organs to be considered in the dose rate
tables.

TIME is the time associated with the dose commitment factor.

HLET is the relative biological effectiveness factor to	use for

the high-LET dose rates to convert absorbed dose (rad)	to dose
equivalent (rem).

LLET is the relative biological effectiveness factor to	use for

the low-LET dose rates to convert absorbed dose (rad)	to dose
equivalent (rem).

CANC are the alphanumeric names (I
cancers.

characters) of the NCANC

genetic effects
per rad/million

0.014133 year"1

NCANC is the number of cancers to be output for the risk and risk
equivalent factors.

RLABS indicates whether the absolute (RLABS-1) or relative
(RLABS-2) risk model is to be used for each cancer.

GENEFF is a logical variable which indicates whether or not
genetic effects are to be output.

GEN are the alphanumeric names (8 characters) of the organs to be
considered for genetic effects.

NGEN is the number of organs -identified in GEN.

GRFAC are the risk conversion factors. GRFAC(1) is for low-LET
doses; GRFAC(2) is for high-LET doses.

REPPER is the replacement rate for the population.

GLLET is the relative biological effectiveness factor to use for
the low-LET genetic doses to convert absorbed dose (rad) to dose
.equivalents (rem), NGEN values for GEN organs.

(b)	The value for NORGN is set to 0 in PREDA.FOR; however, in PRDP0P.DAT the value must be set to 8.

(c)	In PRDP0P.DAT, CANC names are set to LEUKEMIA, BONE, THYROID, BREAST, LUNG, STOMACH, BOWEL, LIVER,
PANCREAS, URINARY, and OTHER.

-------
Table 4-11, Valid PREDA NAMELIST and variable names (continued).

NAMELIST Variables Default Units	_	Description

GHLET	-	-	GHLET is the relative biological effectiveness factor to use for

the high-LET genetic doses to convert absorbed dose (rad) to dose
equivalents (rem), NGEN values for GEN organs,

RNUCLD NUCLID	-	-	NUCLID is the alphanumeric names (8 characters) of the NONCLD

radionuclides.

NONCLD	-	-	NONCLD is the number of radionuclides to be considered.

PSIZE	-	AMAD	PSIZE is the activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of the

aerosol distribution associated with each radionuclide,

RESP	-	-	RESP is the respiratory clearance class associated with each

radionuclide.

GIABS	-	-	GIABS are the GX absorption factors (f1 parameter for each

segment of the gastrointestinal tract) to be associated with each
radionuclide.

LOCTAB NTLOC	-	-	NTLOC is the number of location tables (< 10) to be output. For

each table RNLOC, OGLOC, PTLOC, FALOC, HLLOC, AND LTABLE must be
defined.

RNLOC	-	-	RNLOC is the radionuclide to use. Specifying SUM will result in

the sum of all nuclides in the run. Specifying WORKLEVL will
result in working level calculations. Specifying WLSUM will
result in the total risk for all nuclides, including those based
on the working level.

OGLOC	-	-	OGLOC is the organ or cancer to use. Specifying SUM will result

in the sum of all cancers.

-------
Table 4-11. Valid PREDA NAMELIST and variable names (continued).

NAMELIST Variables Default Units	Description

PTLOC

FALOC
HLLOC
LIABLE

ORGAN F NORGB

ORGB
ORGDAT(d>
I PATH

PTLOC - 1 for ingestion pathway.

PTLOC - 2 for inhalation pathway.

PTLOC - 3 for air immersion pathway.

PTLOC - 4 for ground surface exposure pathway.

PTLOC - 5 for internal pathway (1+2).

PTLOC - 6 for external pathway (3+4).

PTLOC - 7 for total (1+2+3+4).

FALOC - 1 for dose factor.

FALOC - 2 for risk factor.

FALOC - 3 for risk equivalent factor.

HLLOC - 0 separate low- and high-LET tables printed.

HLLOC - 1 combined low- and high-LET table printed.

HLLOC - 2 all three tables printed.

LTABLE - 1 table printed is for selected individual.

LTABLE - 2 table printed is for the mean individual.

LTABLE - 3 table printed is for the collective population.

NORGB is the number of organ dose weights to use to combine dose
rates.

ORGB are the NORGB organs to be used in combining the dose rates.

ORGDAT are the organ dose weighting factors.

IPATH is the exposure pathway effected.

IPATH - 1 ingestion,

IPATH - 2 inhalation,

IPATH - 3 air immersion,

IPATH - 4 ground surface,

IPATH - 5 all pathways.

(d) In PRDPOP.DAT, the organ dose weighting factors are set as follows: Gonads - 0.25, Breast - 0.15,
Red Marrow - 0.12, Lungs - 0.12, Thyroid - 0.03, Endosteum - 0.03, Remainder - 0.30.

-------
Table 4-12. Possible table types output by DARTAB.

Table		Variable		Constant

Type	Column Label	Row Label

1

Organs or cancers

Radionuclides

Individual pathways

2

Organs or cancers

Radionuclides

External & internal

3

Organs or cancers

Radionuclides

All pathways

4

Radionuclides

Pathways

Organs or cancers

5

Organs or cancers

Pathways

Radionuclides

6

Organs or cancers

Pathways

Summed over
radionuclides

7

Compass direction

Distance in
meters

User-specified

4-38

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4.3 IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAP-88 AND EARLIER VERSIONS OF
AIRJDOS-EPA

There are a few differences between CAP-88 and earlier versions of
AIRDOS, PREPAR and DARTAB. CAP-88 is optimized for doing population
assessments. It is assumed that population arrays supplied to the program are
generated with SECPOP, and that maximally-exposed individuals are on the
supplied array. Direct user input of concentrations has been eliminated.
Instead, to reduce human error, CAP-88 uses the distances in the population
array to determine the distances for which concentrations are calculated.

Only circular grids now produce valid results. Agricultural arrays are set to
be generated automatically, as a function of state-specific productivity data,
requiring the user to supply only the State abbreviation.

CAP-88 has been modified to do either "Radon-only" or "Non-Radon" runs,
in order to conform with the format of the 1988 Clean Air Act NESHAPS
Rulemaking. Assessments with only Radon-222 in the source term automatically
include working level calculations; any other source term ignores working
levels. Synopsis reports customized to both formats are automatically
generated.

Organs and weighting factors have been modified to follow the ICRP 26/30
Effective Dose Equivalent calculations, which eliminated flexibility on
specifying organs and weighting factors. The calculation of deposition
velocity and scavenging coefficients has also modified to incorporate current
EPA policy.

Organs and Weighting Factors

Only 7 organs are valid for the new Effective Dose Equivalent. They

are:

Only these 7 organs are valid. Changing the organs and weights will
invalidate the results!

They are stored in the ALLRAD file; CBNRACS.CAA88.DATA(ALLRAD88).

Population Arrays

Population arrays must now be entered only as a file. In the 1985 CAAC
version, population arrays could be entered as instream data in PREPAR. This
will now cause an infinite loop.

Organ	Weight

GONADS
BREAST
R MAR
LUNGS

THYROID

ENDOST

RMNDR

0.25
0.15
0.12
0.12
0.03
0.03
0.30

4-39

-------
The distances in the population file, used and listed by SECPOP, are
used by CAP-88 to determine the distances used in the assessment. This was
added to the program to eliminate human error in mis-matching the distances
used to calculate concentrations with the distances used to generate the
population array. Distances used for calculating concentrations are now
automatically set in CAP-88 so as to calculate concentrations for the midpoint
of each sector.

Distances

In population assessments, distances used to calculate concentrations
(IDIST) are calculated automatically as a function of the distances in the
population array file. CAP-88 is written to ignore user assignments of IDIST
in the PREPAR input file for population runs.

Agricultural Arrays

Arrays of milk cattle, beef cattle and agricultural crop area are now
automatically generated by the code. The arrays are made to match the
distances used in the population arrays supplied to the code, and use State-
specific agricultural productivity values. The state name (standard two
letter abbreviation) must be provided to the variable STATE. It is read in
from the instream data and must be the only entry on the fourth line of the
facility information.

This feature may be disabled by setting FOODARRAY_GEN_AUTO to FALSE and
USERARRAY to TRUE.

Radon-Only Runs

Assessments for Radon-222 now automatically include Working Level
calculations. CAP-88 does this automatically when a single source term of
Radon-222 is provided.

To use this option the user must put only "Rn-222" in the source term.
Input of any additional radionuclides, even Rn-220, will cause CAP-88 to omit
working level calculations.

Square Grids

Option 2 in AIRDOS allows users to choose either a square (0) or
circular grid (1). While this option is still available, CAP-88 requires a
circular grid for population assessments. Using a square grid will produce
invalid results.

Direct Incut of Concentrations

In CAP-88, the user may no longer supply concentrations as input.
The subroutine DIRECT has been removed from CAP-88.

4-40

-------
Scavenging Coefficient

The subroutine SETSC in PREPAR is no longer used. The scavenging
coefficient (SC) for iodines and particulates is now calculated by PREPAR as a
function of rainfall rate (RR). The formula used is:

SC - RR * 1E-7 (for iodines and particulates)	(4-1)

SC — 0	(for gases)

Tritium is considered to be a gas by the program; therefore, PREPAR
calculates a value of zero for the scavenging coefficient which is not
correct. The user must enter a nonzero value for SC using either NAMELIST
RADI or MODI to avoid this problem.

Deposition Velocity

The subroutine SETVD in PREPAR is no longer used to calculate deposition
velocity (VD). VD is set as follows:

Class

Iodine

Particulate

Gas

VD

m/sec

3.5E-2
1.8E-3
0

Equilibrium Fractions

The capability to vary equilibrium fractions was added. Previously they
were set to a constant of 0.7. The new method varies the equilibrium
fractions depending on the distance from the source. Linear interpolation is
used to determine the equilibrium fractions for distances that do match the
set distances given. The equation is as follows:

EFY - EFX + ((EFZ - EFX) * ((Y - X) / (Z - X)))	(4-2)

where:	X <	 Y 	> Z

X and Z are the set distances given and Y is the user given distance
(between X and Z). The new method finds the equilibrium fraction for EFX, and
EFZ is the SET_EQUIL_FRACTIQNS corresponding to the set distances.

DOSMIC Subroutine

DOSMIC was modified to print only Working Levels. Working Levels are
only output for RN-222. Checks are performed before DOSMIC is called to
determine if Working Levels are needed.

4-41

-------
Printing Dose Conversion Factors

The dose conversion factors are no longer printed automatically. To
print them, set the variable OUTPUT to '.TRUE,', The variable OUTPUT is set
in the file CAAR.AIRDOS.LIB(JOAPOP) for a population run and
CAAR.AIRDOS.LIB(JOAIND) for an individual run.

Water Arrays

Arrays of water areas are no longer used in CAP-88.

NOMA fix

CAP-88 uses a slightly different approach in calculating NOMA, following
discovery of a potential error in the 1985 CAAC version of AIRDOS.

In the earlier (1985 CAAC) version, this error caused multiple point
sources to be treated as an area source if the nuclides emitted from each
stack had identical characteristics. This may cause some differences with
previous assessments.

Wind Frequencies

The GETWND routine in PREPAR has been modified to accept wind speeds
greater than 10 m/sec. Earlier versions would only accept wind speeds less
than 10 m/sec, and there was a problem with some facilities, which had high
wind speeds, generating overflow errors in the wind speed arrays.

In order to accommodate higher wind speeds, and remain compatible with
existing wind data sets, precision limits force the calculations to truncate
the last digit in the wind speed data. This in turn may cause a slight
variation in the termination of PERD, the wind frequency for each direction,
due to round up. This may cause a variation in concentrations as compared
with earlier versions of PREPARE and AIRDOS-EPA.

4-42

-------
5. CAP-88 OUTPUT

SAMPLE.OUTPUT, shown in Appendix I, is an example of the output from a
run of the CAP-88 programs. While most of the output is in the same format
that a user would obtain when running the CAAC version of the programs, a new
section, the synopsis report, is now printed at the beginning of the output.
The synopsis report is also output as a separate file, SAMPLE.SYNOPSIS, which
is listed in Appendix J. The synopsis report contains the following
information:

Run identification information including the date and time of the run,
an ID code, facility name and address, source category data, and any
general comments.

Population assessment results which include, for non-radon exposures,
the ICRP collective effective and organ dose equivalents. Radon
population assessment results are presented as collective exposure In
person working levels. The frequency distribution of lifetime fatal
cancer risks for the population is presented for both radon and non-
radon assessments.

Exposure and risk information is presented for the individual at maximum
risk. For both radon and non-radon assessment, the location of the
individual and his lifetime fatal cancer risk are presented. For a non-
radon assessment, the ICRP effective and organ dose equivalents are
presented. For a radon assessment, the individual's exposure, in
working levels and in pCi/liter, are presented.

Source term information (nuclide, clearance class, AMAD, and release
rate) is presented for each stack or area source.

Site temperature, rainfall, and mixing height information is presented.

Emission information is presented for each stack or area source. For
stack sources, this includes the stack height, diameter, and plume rise
information. For an area source, this includes the area height, the
area, and the area diameter.

Local, regional, and imported food supply fractions are included for
meat, milk, and vegetables.

The population array is listed.

The data file names used in the assessment are listed. See Section
4.1.1 for a description of how this information is passed by the user to
CAP-88.

Finally, a more detailed frequency distribution of lifetime fatal cancer
risks is presented.

The remainder of the output file is controlled by user-selected AIRDOS-
EPA and DARTAB options.

5-1

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6. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND AIDS TO THE USER
6.1 EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PATHWAY MODELING ASSUMPTIONS

This section, taken from Volume I of the "Environmental Impact Statement
for Proposed NESHAPS for Radionuclides" dated October 1989, provides a brief
overview of some of the key calculational assumptions used by the
Environmental Protection Agency to assess the doses and health risk from
radiation exposures.

6.1.1 Environmental Pathway Modeling

6.1.1.1 Individual Assessment

The nearby individuals were assessed on the following basis:

(1)	The nearby individuals for each source category are intended to
represent an average of individuals living near each facility
within the source category. The location of one or more persons
on the assessment grid which provides the greatest lifetime risk
(all pathways considered) was chosen for the nearby individuals.

(2)	The organ dose-equivalent rates in the tables are based on the
environmental concentrations calculated by AIRDOS-EPA (EPA79).
For inhaled or ingested radionuclides, the conversion factors are
50-year committed dose equivalents.

(3)	The individual is assumed to home-grow a portion of his or her
diet consistent with the type of site. Individuals living in urban
areas were assumed to consume much less home-produced food than an
individual living in a rural area. It was assumed that in an
agriculturally unproductive location, people would home-produce a
portion of their food comparable to residents of an urban area,
and so the urban fraction is used for such nonurban locations.

The fractions of home-produced food consumed by individuals for
the generic sites are shown in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1. Presumed sources of food for urban and rural sites.

Food	Urban/Low productivity		Rural	

F1	F2	F3	F1	F2	F3

Vegetables

.076

,924

0,

.700

.300

0

Meat

.008

.992

0.

.442

.558

0

Milk

0.

1.

0.

.399

.601

0

6-1

-------
F1 and F2 are the home-produced fractions at the individuals' location
and within the 80 kilometer assessment area, respectively. The balance of the
diet, F3, is considered to be imported from outside the assessment area, with
negligible radionuclide concentrations due to the assessed source. If there
is insufficient production of a food category within the assessment area to
provide the non-home-produced fraction for the population, F2 is reduced and
F3 is increased accordingly. Fractions are based on an analysis of household
data from the USDA 1965-1966 National Food Consumption Survey (USDA72).

6.1.1.2 Collective Assessment

The collective assessment to the population within an 80 kilometer
radius of the facility under consideration was performed as follows:

(1)	The population distribution around the generic site was based on
the 1980 census. The population was assumed to remain stationary
in time.

(2)	Average agricultural production data for the state in which the
generic site is located were assumed for all distances greater
than 500 meters from the source. For distances less than 500
meters, no agricultural production is calculated.

(3)	The population in the assessment area consumes food from the
assessment area to the extent that the calculated production
allows. Any additional food required is assumed to be imported
without contamination by the assessment source. Any surplus is
not considered in the assessment.

(4)	The collective organ dose-equivalent rates are based on the
calculated environmental concentrations. Fifty-year dose
commitment factors (as for the individual case) are used for
ingestion and inhalation. The collective dose equivalent rates in
the tables can be considered to be either the dose commitment
rates after 100 years of plant operation, or equivalently, the
incurred doses that will be for up to 100 years from the time of
release. Tables 6-2 and 6-3 summarize AIRDOS-EPA parameters used
for the assessments (0RNL84).

Table 6-2 summarizes agricultural model parameters, usage factors, and
other AIRDOS-EPA parameters which are independent of the released
radionuclides. Table 6-3 tabulates element-dependent data. These include the
default inhalation clearance class and the fraction of the stable element
reacting with body fluids after ingestion. Inhaled clearance classes D, W,
and Y correspond to those materials that clear from the lung over periods of
days, weeks, and years, respectively. Class * is for gases. Bivj and Biv2 are
the soil-to-pasture and soil-to-produce concentration factors, respectively.
Both factors are for soil concentration on a dry weight basis. The pasture
and produce concentrations are on dry and fresh weight bases, respectively.

Fmand Ff relate the stable element intake rate to the concentration in
milk and meat, respectively. The values for the factors in this table are
maintained in the PREPAR file ACCRAD (0RNL84).

6-2

-------
Table 6-2.

AIRDOS- EPA parameters used for generic site
assessments.



Variable

Symbolic
Description

Value

BRTHRT

Breathing rate (cm3/!1)

9.17E+5

T

Surface buildup time (days)

3.65E+4

DDI

Activity fraction after washing

0.5

TSUBHI

Time delay--pasture grass (h)

0.0

TSUBH2

Time delay--stored food (h)

2.16E+3

TSUBH3

Time delay--leafy vegetables (h)

336.

LAMW

Weathering removal rate
factor (h"1)

2.10E-3

TSUBE1

Exposure period--pasture (h)

720.

TSUBE2

Exposure period--crops or leafy
vegetables (h)

1.44E+3

YSUBV1

Productivity--pasture (dry
weight) (kg/m2)

0.280

YSUBV2

Productivity--crops and leafy
vegetables (kg/m2)

0.716

FSUBF

Time fraction--pasture grazing

0.40

FSUBS

Pasture feed fraction--while
pasture grazing

0.43

QSUBF

Feed or forage consumption
rate (kg-dry/day)

15.6

TSUBF

Consumption delay time--milk (d)

2.0

uv

Vegetable utilization rate (kg/y)

176.0

UM

Milk utilization rate (kg/y)

112.0

UF

Meat utilization rate (kg/y)

85.0

UL

Leafy vegetable utilization
rate (kg/y)

18.0

TSUBS

Consumption time delay--meat (days)

20.0

6-3

-------
Table 6-2.

AIRDOS-EPA parameters used for generic site
assessments (continued).



Variable

Symbolic
Description

Value

FSUBG

Produce fraction (garden of
interest)

1.0

FSUBL

Leafy vegetable fraction (garden
of interest)

1.0

TSUBB

Soil buildup time (y)

100.

P

Effective surface density of
soil (kg/m2)

215.

TAUBEF

Meat herd--slaughter rate
factor (d"1)

3.18E-3

MSUBB

Mass of meat of slaughter (kg)

200.

VSUBM

Milk production rate of cow (L/d)

11.0

R1

Deposition interception fraction-
pasture

0.57

R2

Deposition interception fraction-
leafy vegetables

0.20

6-4

-------
Table 6-3. Default values used for element-dependent	factors.

Ele-	Inh.	Ing. BM	Fm	Ff

ment	Class	f i	(d/L)	(d/kg)

Ac	Y	1.0E-3	3.5E-3	1.5E-4	2.0E-5	2.5E-5

Ag	Y	5.0E-2	4.0E-1	4.3E-2	2.0E-2	3.0E-3

Am	W	1.0E-3	5.5E-3	1.1E-4	4.0E-7	3.5E-6

Ar	*	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

As	W	5.0E-1	4.0E-2	2.6E-3	6.0E-5	2.0E-3

At	D	9.5E-1	1.0	6.4E-2	1.0E-2	1.0E-3

Ba	D	1.0E-1	1.5E-1	6.4E-3 .	3.5E-4	1.5E-4

Be	Y	5.0E-3	1.0E-2	6.4E-4	9.0E-7	1.0E-3

Bi	W	5.0E-2	3.5E-2	2.1E-3	5.0E-4	4.0E-4

Br	D	9.5E-1	1.5	6.4E-1	2.0E-2	2.5E-2

C	*	9.5E-1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Ca	W	3.0E-1	3.5	1.5E-1	1.0E-2	7.0E-4

Cd	Y	5.0E-2	5.5E-1	6.4E-2	1.0E-3	5.5E-4

Ce	Y	3.0E-4	1.0E-2	1.7E-3	2.0E-5	7.5E-4

Cf	Y	1.0E-3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Cm	W	1.0E-3	8.5E-4	6.4E-6	2.0E-5	3.5E-6

Co	Y	3.0E-1	2.0E-2	3.0E-3	2.0E-3	2.0E-2

Cr	Y	1.0E-1	7.5E-3	1.9E-3	1.5E-3	5.5E-3

Cs	D	9.5E-1	8.0E-2	1.3E-2	7.0E-3	2.0E-2

Cu	Y	5.0E-1	4.0E-1	1.1E-1	1.5E-3	1.0E-2

Eu	W	1.0E-3	1.0E-2	1.7E-3	2.0E-5	5.0E-3

F	D	9.5E-1	6.0E-2	2.6E-3	1.0E-3	1.5E-1

Fe	W	1.0E-1	4.0E-3	4.3E-4	2.5E-4	2.0E-2

Fr	D	9.5E-1	3.0E-2	3.4E-3	2.0E-2	2.5E-3

Ga	W	1.0E-3	4.0E-3	1.7E-4	5.0E-5	5.0E-4

Gd	W	3.0E-4	1.0E-2	1.7E-3	2.0E-5	3.5E-3

H	*	9.5E-1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Hf	W	2.0E-3	3.5E-3	3.6E-4	5.0E-6	1.0E-3

Hg	W	2.0E-2	9.0E-1	8.6E-2	4.5E-4	2.5E-1

Ho	W	3.QE-4	1.0E-2	1.7E-3	2.0E-5	4.5E-3

I	D	9.5E-1	1.0	4.3E-1	1.0E-2	7.0E-3

In	V	2.0E-2	4.0E-3	1.7E-4	1.0E-4	8.0E-3

Ir	Y	1.0E-2	5.5E-2	6.4E-3	2.0E-6	1.5E-3

K	D	9.5E-1	1.0	2.4E-1	7.0E-3	2.0E-2

Kr	*	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

La	W	1.0E-3	1.0E-2	1.7E-3	2.0E-5	3.0E-4

Mn	W	1.0E-1	2.5E-1	2.1E-1	3.5E-4	4.0E-4

Mo	Y	8.0E-1	2.5E-1	2.6E-2	1.5E-3	6.0E-3

N	*	9.5E-1	3.0E+1	1.3E+1	2.5E-2	7.5E-2

Na	D	9.5E-1	7.5E-2	2.4E-2	3.5E-2	5.5E-2

6-5

-------
Table 6-3. Default values used for element-dependent factors
(continued).

Ele-	Inh.	Ing.	Bjyi	Fm	Ff

ment	Class	f i	(d/L)	(d/kg)

Nb

Y

1.0E-2

2.0E-2

2.1E-3

2.0E-2

2.5E-1

Nd

Y

3.OE-4

1.0E-2

1.7E-3

2.0E-5

3.0E-4

Ni

W

5.0E-2

6.0E-2

2.6E-2

1.0E-3

6.0E-3

Np

W

1.0E-3

1.0E-1

4.3E-3

5.0E-6

5.5E-5

0

*

9.5E-1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0,0

F

D

8.0E-1

3.5

1.5

1.5E-2

5.5E-2

Pa

Y

1.0E-3

2.5E-3

1.1E-4

5.0E-6

1.0E-5

Pb

D

2.0E-1

4.5E-2

3.9E-3

2.5E-4

3.0E-4

Fd

Y

5.0E-3

1.5E-1

1.7E-2

1.0E-2

4.0E-3

Pm

Y

3.OE-4

1.0E-2

1.7E-3

2.0E-5

5.0E-3

Po

W

1.0E-1

2.5E-2

1.7E-3

3.5E-4

3.0E-4

Pr

Y

3.OE-4

1.0E-2

1.7E-3

2.0E-5

3.OE-4

Pu

Y

1.0E-3*

4.5E-4

1.9E-5

1.0E-7

5.0E-7

Ra

W

2.0E-1

1.5E-2

6.4E-4

4.5E-4

2.5E-4

Rb

D

9.5E-1

1.5E-1

3.0E-2

1.0E-2

1.5E-2

Re

W

8.0E-1

1.5

1.5E-1

1.5E-3

8.0E-3

Rh

Y

5.0E-2

1.5E-1

1.7E-2

1.0E-2

2.0E-3

Rn

*k

0,0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Ru

Y

5.0E-2

7.5E-2

8.6E-3

6.0E-7

2.0E-3

S

D

8.0E-1

1.5

6.4E-1

1.5E-2

1.0E-1

Sb

W

1.0E-1

2.0E-1

1.3E-2

1.OE-4

1.0E-3

Sc

Y

1 .OE-4

6.0E-3

4.3E-4

5.0E-6

1.5E-2

Se

W

8.0E-1

2.5E-2

1.IE- 2

4.0E-3

1.5E-2

Sm

W

3.OE-4

1.0E-2

1.7E-3

2.0E-5

5.0E-3

Sn

W

2.0E-2

3.0E-2

2.6E-3

1.0E-3

8.0E-2

Sr

D

3.0E-1

2.5

1.1E-1

1.5E-3

3.0E-4

Tb

W

3.OE-4

1.0E-2

1.7E-3

2.0E-2

4.5E-3

Tc

W

8.0E-1

9.5E

6.4E-1

1.0E-2

8.5E-3

Te

W

2.0E-1

2.5E-2

1.7E-3

2.OE-4

1.5E-2

Th

Y

2.OE-4

8.5E-4

3.6E-5

5.0E-6

6.0E-6

T1

D

9.5E-1

4.0E-3

1.7E-4

2.0E-3

4.0E-2

U

Y

2.0E-1

8.5E-3

1.7E-3

6.OE-4

2.0E-4

W

D

1.0E-2

4.5E-2

4.3E-3

3.OE-4

4.5E-2

Xe

*

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Y

Y

1.OE-4

1.5E-2

2.6E-3

2.0E-5

3.0E-4

Zn

Y

5.0E-1

1.5

3.9E-1

1.0E-2

1.0E-1

Zr

W

2.0E-3

2.0E-3

2.1E-4

3.0E-5

5.5E-3

*(For PU-239, Pu-240, and Pu-242, Fx - l2.0E-4)

6-6

-------
6.1.2 Dairy and Beef Cattle

Dairy and beef cattle distributions are part of the AIRDOS-EPA
input. A constant cattle density is assumed except for the area closest to
the source or stack in the case of a point source, i.e., no cattle within 500
meters of the source. These densities were derived from data developed by NRG
(NRC75). Milk production density in units of liters/day-square mile was
converted to number of dairy cattle/square kilometer by assuming a milk
production rate of 11.0 liters/day per dairy cow. Meat production density in
units of kilograms/day-square mile was changed to an equivalent number of beef
cattle/square kilometer by assuming a slaughter rate of .00381 day-1 and 200
kilograms of beef/animal slaughtered, A 180-day grazing period was assumed
for dairy and beef cattle.

6.1.3	Vegetable Crop Area

A certain fraction of the land within 80 kilometers of the source is
used for vegetable crop production and is assumed to be uniformly distributed
throughout the entire assessment area with' the exception of the first 500
meters from the source. Information on the vegetable production density in
terms of kilograms (fresh weight)/day-square mile was obtained from NRG data
(NRC75). The vegetable crop fractions by state were obtained from the
production densities by assuming a production rate of 2 kilograms (fresh
weight)/year-square meter (NRC77).

6.1.4	Population

The population data for each generic site were generated by a
computer program, SECPOP (At74), which utilizes an edited and compressed
version of the 1980 United States Census Bureau's MARF data containing housing
and population counts for each census enumeration district (CED) and the
geographic coordinates of the population centroid for the district. In the
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA), the CED is usually a "block
group" which consists of a physical city block. Outside the SMSAs, the CED is
an "enumeration district," which may cover several square miles or more in a
rural area.

There are over 250,000 CEDs in the United States with a typical
population of about 800 persons. The position of the population centroid for
each CED was marked on the district maps by the individual census official
responsible for each district and is based only on personal judgment from
inspection of the population distribution on a map. The CED entries are
sorted in ascending order by longitude on the final data tape.

The resolution of a calculated population distribution cannot be
better than the distribution of the CEDs. Hence, in a metropolitan area the
resolution is often as small as one block, but in rural areas, it may be on
the order of a mile or more.

6.1.5	Risk Conversion Factors

Table 6-4 summarizes the average lifetime fatal cancer risk per unit
intake or exposure for most of the radionuclides considered in the
assessments. Note that the external exposure factors do not include the

6-7

-------
Table 6-4. Fatal cancer risk factors for selected radionuclides
(see Table 6-3 for default inhalation class and
ingestion fx values).

Nuclide	Inhal.	Ingest.	limner.	Surface

(mCi'1)	(mCi"1)	(m3/mCi yr)	(m2/mCi yr)

Ac-227
Ac-228
Ag-110
Ag-llOm
Am-241

Ar-41
Au-198
Ba-137m
Ba-140
Bi-210

Bi-211
Bi-212
Bi-214
C-14
Ce-144

Cm-244

Co-60

Cr-51

Cs-134

Cs-137

Eu-154

Fe-59

Fr-223

Ga-67

Gd-152

H-3

Hf-181
Hg-197
Hg-203
1-123

1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
In-113m

Ir-192
K-40
Kr- 83m

7.9E-02
2.5E-05
7.6E-10
6.0E-05
3.9E-02

4.9E-10
1.8E-06
5.1E-10
1.6E-06
7.5E-05

1.8E-07

6.2E-06
2.0E-06
4.1E-09
3.2E-04

2.6E-02
1.3E-04
2.7E-07
1.7E-05
1.2E-05

1.3E-04
8.0E-06
4.1E-07
3.0E-07
0.0E+00

4,91-08
8.6E-06
3.8E-07
4.3E-06
8.7E-08

1.8E-06
1.3E-05
2.6E-06
1.5E-06
2.6E-08

2.5E-05
5.0E-06
4.8E-11

3.5E-04
3.2E-07
2.3E-09
3.5E-06
3.0E-04

6.9E-07
1.8E-09

1.5E-06
1.0E-06

9.4E-09
2.3E-07
1.0E-07
5.9E-07
3.4E-06

1.9E-04
9.7E-06
2.5E-08
2.5E-05
1.7E-05

2.0E-06
1.7E-06
1.6E-07
1.2E-07
0.0E+00

3.4E-08
7.2E-07
1.5E-07
3.8E-07
1.2E-07

2.7E-06
1.9E-05

3.7E-06
2.2E-06
3.4E-08

9.8E-07
6.7E-06

2.0E-07
1.6E-03
5.3E-05
4.8E-03
2.7E-05

2.3E-03
6.7E-04
1.0E-03
3.1E-04

7.8E-05
3.2E-04
2.8E-03
0.0E+00
2.8E-05

1.2E-07
4.4E-03
5.2E-05
2.7E-03
0.0E+00

2.2E-03
2.1E-03
7.1E-05
2.4E-04

0.0E+00
9.0E-04
9.3E-05
3.8E-04
2.6E-04

1.4E-05
1.1E-05
6.7E-04
1.0E-03
4.2E-04

1.4E-03
2.8E-04
1.4E-07

6.5E-09
3.1E-05
1.0E-06
9.1E-05
8.5E-07

3.9E-05
1.4E-05
2.0E-05
6.6E-06

1.7E-06
6.0E-06
4.8E-05
0.OE+OO
6.6E-07

2.4E-08
7.7E-05
1.1E-06
5.3E-05
0.OE+OO

4.1E-05
3.7E-05
1.8E-06
5.3E-06

0.0E+00
1.9E-05
2.4E-06
8.2E-06
5.8E-06

6.3E-07
5.7E-07
1.4E-05
2.1E-05
9.0E-06

2.9E-05
4.7E-06
3.4E-08

6-8

-------
Table 6-4. Fatal cancer risk factors for selected radionuclides
(see Table 6-3 for default inhalation class and
ingestion fj values) (continued).

Nuclide	Inhal.	Ingest.	Immer.	Surface

(mCi"1)	(mCi"1)	(m3/niCi yr)	(m2/mCi yr)

Kr-85
Kr-85m
Kr-87
Kr-88
La-140

Mn- 54
Na-24
Nb-95
Ni-63

P-32

Pa-231
Pa-234m
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212

Pb-214
Po-210
Po-212
Po-214
Po-215

Po-216
Po-218
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240

Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-223
la-224
Ra-226

Ra-228

Eh-103m

Rh-106

Rn-220

Rn-222

Ru-103
Ru-106
S-35

3.5E-10
3.7E-10
1.7E-09
3.5E-09
2.5E-06

4.3E-06
7.7E-07
4.4E-06
1.5E-06
2.5E-06

3.8E-02
1.5E-09
1.4E-03
2.6E-06
4.1E-05

2.7E-06
2.4E-03
5.7E-16
2.7E-13
5.3E-12

4.5E-10
5.4E-07
4.QE-02
3.9E-02
3.9E-02

2.8E-04
3.7E-02
2.9E-03
1.1E-03

2.8E-03

5.8E-04
3.6E-09
1.1E-09
1.0E-07
4.7E-07

7.5E-06
4.IE-04
1.4E-07

1.3E-06

7.3E-07
6.9E-07
3.8E-07
1.4E-07
2.6E-06

1.9E-04
4.4E-09
5.5E-04
1.3E-07
5.0E-06

1.3E-07
1.4E-04
1.7E-17
8.0E-15
2.1E-13

2.6E-11
2.0E-08
2.7E-04
3.0E-05
3.0E-05

4.7E-06
2.8E-05
6.0E-05
3.5E-05
9.4E-05

7.0E-05
5.0E-09
3.3E-09

5.1E-07
5.5E-06
1.4E-07

3.7E-06
2.6E-04
1.5E-03
3.9E-03
4.2E-03

1.5E-03
8.2E-03
1.3E-03
0.0E+00
0.0E+00

4.9E-05
2.0E-05

8.8E-05
2.4E-04

4.1E-04
1.5E-08
0.0E+00
1.5E-07
2.5E-07

2.5E-08
0.0E+00
1.3E-07
1.3E-07
1.2E-07

0.0E+Q0
1.1E-07
2.1E-04
1.7E-05
1.1E-05

1.0E-13
2.5E-07
3.5E-04
8.8E-07
6.5E-07

8.IE-04
0.0E+0G
O.OE+OO

7.7E-08
5.8E-06
2.5E-05
6.1E-05
7.3E-05

2.8E-05
1.2E-04
2.6E-05
0.0E+00
0.0E+00

1.2E-06
3.8E-07

1.8E-06
5.3E-06

8.8E-06
2.9E-10
0.0E+00
2.8E-09
5.2E-09

4.9E-10
0.0E+00
2.5E-08
1.1E-08
2.4E-08

0.0E+00
2.0E-08
4.8E-06
3.6E-07
2.4E-07

2.2E-14
2.8E-08

7.0E-06
1.8E-08
1.3E-08

1.7E-05
0.0E+00
0.OE+OO

6-9

-------
Table 6-4, Fatal cancer risk factors for selected radionuclides
(see Table 6-3 for default inhalation class and
ingestion fj values) (continued).

Nuclide	Inhal.	Ingest.	Immer.	Surface

(mCi"1)	(raCi"1)	(m^/mCL yr)	(m2/mCi yr)

Sb-124

Sc-46

Se-75

Sn-113

Sr-85

Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-95
Tc -95m
Tc-99

Tc-99m
Th-227
Th-228
Th-230
Th-231

Th-232
Th-234
Tl-207
Tl-208
U-234

U-235
U-236
U-238
W-187
Xe-131m

Xe-133
Xe-133m
Xe-135
Y-90
Zn-65

Zr-95

2.0E-05
2.4E-05
4.8E-06
8.5E-06
6.8E-07

2.4E-06
5.4E-05
1.7E-08
3.0E-Q6
7.4E-06

1.9E-08
4.6E-03
7.2E-02
2.9E-02
4.1E-07

2.9E-02
2.9E-05
4.1E-09
4.4E-09
2.5E-02

2.3E-02
2.4E-02
2.2E-02
3.2E-07
3.1E-10

3.0E-10
3.9E-10
5.8E-10
4.7E-06
1.3E-05

8.9E-06

1.7E-06
9.3E-07
4.2E-06
5.0E-07
4.9E-07

1.9E-06
3.IE-05
3.3E-08
6.9E-07
7.4E-07

2.4E-08
2.9E-06
1.3E-05
2.3E-05
2.2E-07

2.1E-05
2.2E-06
1.0E-08
1.4E-08
7.5E-05

7.3E-05
7.1E-05
7.4E-05
3.6E-07

1.7E-06
5.2E-06

5.6E-07

3.4E-03
3.6E-03
6.4E-04
1.2E-05
8.6E-04

2.4E-07
0.0E+00
1.4E-03
1.1E-03
8.0E-10

2.1E-04

1.7E-04
3.1E-06
5.9E-07
1.7E-05

2.8E-07
1.2E-05
3.8E-06
6.8E-03

2.3E-07

2.5E-04
1.8E-07
1,5E-07
8.0E-04
1.2E-05

5.1E-05
4.7E-05
4.1E-04
0.0E+00
1.0E-03

1.3E-03

6.0E-05
6.6E-05
1.4E-05
4.2E-07
1.8E-05

4.6E-09

0.0E+00
2.7E-05
2.3E-05
1.9E-11

4.7E-06
3.8E-06
8.6E-08
2.7E-08
5.6E-07

2.0E-08

3.0E-07
7.3E-08
1.0E-Q4
2.4E-08

5.5E-06
2.2E-08
1.9E-08
1.6E-05
4.7E-07

1.4E-06
1.2E-06
8.9E-06
0.0E+00
1.9E-05

2.5E-05

6-10

-------
contribution from any decay products. For example, the external risk factors
for cesium-137 have values of 0, since there is no photon released in its
decay. Hence, the exposure due to the cesium-137 decay product barium-137m
must be considered in assessing cesium-137. The clearance class and
gut-to-blood transfer factor, fi, values are shown in Table 6-3.

6.2 CALCULATION OF QH FOR PLUME RISE

Qh " (T0 - TJ-V.-p.-Cp	(6-1)

where

T0 - exit temperature (K),

Ta - ambient temperature (K),

Va - volume flow rate at Ta (m3/s),

Pa - is the air density at Ta (g/m3),
and

Cp - is the specific heat of air at
constant pressure (cal/g),
- 0.2401 cal/g.

Now pa-Ta - 3.5313E+5 g K/m3 therefore,

QH - ( (T0 - Ta) ¦ Va* 8.48E+4 ) / Ta	(6-2)

6.3 POPULATION CENSUS FILES

Population distributions may be generated with the utility program SECPOP,
which uses a database of 1980 Census data (see Section 6.1.4), or created by the
user in the format described in Table 6-6. If SECPOP is used, the arrays should
be modified with supplemental data obtained from surveys of the population
distribution near the site, since the census database is not very precise at
estimating population groups close to the facility due to the widely varying size
of the census enumeration districts.

The listing for SECPOP, along with the JCL needed to run the code, are
shown in Appendix K.

6-11

-------
6.4 STABILITY ARRAYS

Stability array (STAR) data show the frequencies of occurrence of the wind
blowing from a particular direction, at a particular stability, at a particular
speed. A sample STAR data file is shown in Table 6-5. The frequencies are in
x.xxxxx format, unspaced.

Tabulations of STAR data are on file at the National Climatic Data Center
(NCDC). For information contact:

National Climatic Data Center
Federal Building
Asheville, NC 28801
(704) 259-0871
FTS: 672-0871

The tabulations are available as paper copies and/or punched cards. The
card images for tabulations produced prior to 1982 are retained on eight 9-track
magnetic tapes at 1600 bpi, 80 characters per record, 10 records per block in the
NCDC Tape Library. Appendix L presents a partial listing of the STAR tabulations
available from the NCDC. For each data set the following information is given:

o a unique identifying number (HDR),
o a station number (WBAN),
o the station name and state,
o the period of time covered,

o the type of summarization (seasonal, monthly, or annually),
o a three character station code (SSS),
o the number of stability classes,
o the number of surface observations used,
o the NCC job number,
o and any appropriate remarks.

EPA user's should be aware that EPA periodically purchases meteorological
information from NCDC. Table 6-6 presents the generic JCL used to read data from
an EPA tape containing STAR data. Four pieces of information, the SET#, HDR
number, WBAN, and station code (SSS), are needed as input to the JCL to identify
the desired tape and data set. The user should note that the three character
station code is used only to create the file name under which the STAR data is
stored and is not used to look up the correct data set on the tape.

A listing of the data sets available to EPA user's is presented in Appendix
L. Information on the tapes can be obtained by contacting either C. Nelson (202-
475-9640) or B. Parks (702-798-2443).

The user must beware of sets marked as ' DAYNITE' data. These sets contain
two D stability classes, one for day and one for night. The JCL shown in Table
6-5 will result in the second D data set being incorrectly labeled set E, set E
will incorrectly be labeled as set F, and so forth. The user must correct the
data by adding the two D sets of data together and making sure that the following
sets are correctly labeled before using the data as input to the CAP-88 code
package.

6-12

-------
Table 6-5. Sample STAR data file (for HDR - 0282, SSS - ABQ,
WBAN - 23050, STAR# - STAR03, Albuquerque, NM).

N

A

0.001020.001030.

NNE

A

0.000180.000250.

NE

A

0.000730.000300.

ENE

A

0.000420.000180.

E

A

0.000320.000160.

ESE

A

0.000560.000410.

SE

A

0.000840.000410.

SSE

A

0.000420.000530.

S

A

0.001010.001420.

ssw

A

0.000790.000890.

sw

A

0.001070.001550.

wsw

A

0.001040.001320.

w

A

0.001260.001280.

WNW

A

0.000970.001280.

m

A

0.000770.001050.

NNW

A

0.000430.000570.

N

B

0.006360.003790.

NNE

B

0.002730.002010.

NE

B

0.002960.001440.

ENE

B

0.001710.000870.

E

B

0.001580.000730.

ESE

B

0.002280.000820.

SE

B

0.003460.001800.

SSE

B

0.002710.002030.

S

B

0.005760.005210.

SSW

B

0.002910.004640.

sw

B

0.005450.005980.

wsw

B

0.003770.005320.

w

B

0.004480.004910.

WNW

B

0.004730.004640.

NW

B

0.005070.003930.

NNW

B

0.004150.003750.

N

C

0.001680.006620.

NNE

C

0.000730.002530.

NE

C

0.000640.001320.

ENi

C

0.000540.000570.

E

C

0.000370.000480.

ESE

C

0.000810.001420.

SE

C

0.001450.002790.

SSE

C

0.001010.002650.

S

C

0.001920.006230.

SSW

C

0.000800.003590.

sw

G

0.001100.004270.

wsw

C

0.000670.003060.

w

C

0.000960.003130.

WNW

c

0.000840.003110.

NW

c

0.001010.003910.

NNW

c

0.001920.005020.

N

D

0.001470.004960.

000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000,000000.00000
000000.000000,000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
000000.000000.000000,00000
000000.000000.000000.00000
001300.000000.000000.00000
000550.000000.000000.00000
000320.000000.000000.00000
000250.000000.000000.00000
000110.000000.000000.00000
000300.000000.000000.00000
000660.000000.000000.00000
000820.000000.000000,00000
002990.000000.000000.00000
002600.000000.000000.00000
003770.000000.000000.00000
002990.000000.000000.00000
002120.000000.000000.00000
001800.000000.000000.00000
001390.000000.000000.00000
000690.000000.000000.00000
006830.000340.000020.00000
001510.000050.000000.00000
001100.000000.OOOOOO.00000

000480.000090.000000.00000
000840,000230.000020.00000
000890.000370.000090.00000
001510.000270.000000.00000
002120.000370.000020.00000
006210.001320.000340.00005
005410.001280.000320.00005
005890.001710.000180.00005
004160.001140.000140.00005
002950.000910.000180.00000
002990.000620.000230.00000
002920.000370.000230,00000
003930.000410.000050.00016
013730.015420.001990.00016

6-13

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Table 6-5. STAR data file for HDR - 0282, SSS - ABQ,

WBAN - 23050, STAR# - STAR03, Albuquerque, NM
(continued).

NNE D 0.000580.001920.003520.002150.000110.00002
NE D 0.000590.001940.002790.001160.000140.00002
ENE D 0.000490.000640.002100.003610.000910.00021
E D 0.000500.001160.003490.013060.008270.00040
ESE D 0.000590.002120.005710.014000.008080.00260
SE D 0.001030.003010.005090.004130.001620.00027
SSE D 0.000650.002280.004500.002650.000390.00005
S D 0.001180.003650.009110.008560.003130.00112
SSW D 0.000220.001830.005390.008240.002400.00032
SW D 0.000880.002510.005730.006710.002100.00050
WSW D 0.000500.001710.005480.006690.002030.00078
W D 0.000350.001670.003750.005530.002600.00066
WNW D 0,000690.001640.003360.007420.003200.00096
NW D 0.000890.002170.003240.008110.003220.00073
NNW D 0.000670.002670.005530.008380.001420.00018
N E 0.000000.005890.021830.000000.000000.00000
NNE E 0.000000.003330.008200.000000.000000,00000
NE E 0.000000.002510.002970.000000.000000.00000
ENE E 0.000000,001710.001830.000000.000000.00000
E E 0.000000.001940.002630.000000.000000.00000
ESE E 0.000000.005530.005440.000000.000000.00000
SE E 0.000000.008770.005870.000000.000000.00000
SSE E 0.000000.004930.003910.000000.000000.00000
S E 0.000000.005120.005530,000000.000000.00000
SSW E 0.000000.002630.003240.000000.000000.00000
SW E 0.000000.002740.003010.000000.000000.00000
WSW E 0.000000.002310.002440.000000.000000.00000
W E 0.000000,002060.001900.000000.000000,00000
WNW E 0.000000.002220.002530.000000.000000.00000
NW E 0.000000.002010.003610.000000.000000.00000
NNW E 0.000000.003110.006190.000000.000000.00000
N F 0.013610.020740.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNE F 0.007730.009980.000000.000000.000000.00000
NE F 0.009860.009250.000000.000000.000000.00000
ENE F 0.006400.004410.000000.000000.000000.00000
E F 0.007230.005550.000000.000000.000000.00000
ESE F 0.013480.015350.000000.000000.000000.00000
SE F 0.017790.022680.000000.000000.000000.00000
SSE F 0.009930.012290.000000.000000.000000.00000
S F 0.011670.009640.000000.000000.000000.00000
SSW F 0.003820.003330.000000.000000.000000.00000
SW F 0.005270.003700.000000.000000.000000.00000
WSW F 0.004160.003540.000000.000000.000000.00000
W F 0.004160.003130.000000.000000.000000.00000
WNW F 0.005340.004220.000000.000000.000000.00000
NW F 0.005700.005570.000000.000000.000000.00000
NNW F 0.006600.009550.000000.000000,000000.00000

6-14

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Table 6-6. JCL for creating STAR file from National Climatic
Data Center data tapes.

//BQF JOB (CAARRDSSP.D013),'B. PARKS',PRTY-4.TIME-(,6)
/~ROUTE PRINT HOLD
// EXEC SAS

//* CHANGE 'SETO' TO SET1-SET8 AS APPROPRIATE

//* CHANGE 'WWW TO WBAN NUMBER

//* CHANGE 'HHHH' TO HDR NUMBER

//* CHANGE 'SSS' TO STATION CODE

//STAR1 DD DSN-CBNRACS.STAR.DATA,DISP-OLD

//STAR2 DD DSN-MGUCAAR.CAA88.STARLIB,DISP-OLD,

//	SPACE—(TRK,(0,10))

//SYSIN DD *

TITLE 'TRANSFER STAR DATA FROM THE MASTER LIBRARY';
DATA _NULL_; FILE STAR2(SSSHHHH); INFILE STARl(SETO);
INPUT @56 WBAN $CHARS. @;

RETAIN FLAG 0;

IF FLAG EQ 1 AND WBAN NE 'WWWWW' THEN STOP;

FLAG—1;

INPUT @81 HDR $4. @;

IF HDR NE 'HHHH' THEN DELETE;

INPUT @64 SEA $2.;

IF SEA NE '17' THEN DELETE;

PUT _INFILE_;

Note: The HDR, SSS (station code), and WBAN may be obtained
from the STAR tabulation listing in Appendix L.

6-15

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6.5 CALCULATION OF DAUGHTER INGROWTH FACTORS

A radionuclide that builds up in the environment following the deposition
of a parent radionuclide may contribute significantly to doses from surface
exposure, water immersion, or food ingestion. AIRDOS-EPA can include such
contributions even though it has no provision to explicitly solve the set of
differential equations describing the decay and ingrowth process.

Any significant progeny (decay product) radionuclides must be included in
the source term if their concentrations subsequent to the deposition of their
parent radionuclides are to be calculated. For example, to calculate the
external dose resulting from the deposition of cesium-137, the ingrowth of its
decay product barium-137m must be calculated. Therefore, barium-137m must be
included in the source term even though the release of barium- 137m per se
contributes negligibly to its concentration on the ground surface.

Progeny concentrations can include the contributions from up to five parent
radionuclides. An ingrowth factor must be provided for each parent radionuclide
that can provide a significant contribution to that particular progeny. These
ingrowth factors are used to multiply the deposition rate of the parent
radionuclide to calculate its contribution to the effective deposition rate of
the progeny. These ingrowth factors are not calculated by AIRDOS-EPA; they are
input data that must be calculated separately. Since their values depend on the
length of time for progeny ingrowth and any environmental removal rates,
radioactive decay constants, and decay chain branching fractions, they must be
calculated explicitly for each assessment.

Variables II through 15 are indices corresponding to the position in the
source term list of the parent nuclides to be associated with each of the
ingrowth factors F1 through F5. If they have negative values, they denote
indices relative to the current (viz. the progeny) radionuclide in the source
tern list. For example, if the current nuclide is fifth in the source term list
and I1--2 then the third source term nuclide will be considered a parent
radionuclide with an ingrowth factor given by the value of Fl. Subsequent
nuclides with values for Fl but none for II will refer to the same parent nuclide
(the third one in the list in the example above) , until an explicit value for II
is entered. If a value for F has been entered and there is no explicit or implied
value for the corresponding value of I, the value of I is considered to be -1.
Note that the values of I for a particular radionuclide have no effect on one
another.

The utility program CHAIN (see Section 3.0 and Appendix M) can be used to
calculate values for Fl through F5. Appendix M contains a listing of the
program, example input data for the uranium and thorium series decay chains, and
ingrowth factors calculated by CHAIN for both these examples.

6-16

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7. REFERENCES

At74	Athey T.W. , R.A. Tell, and D.E. Janes, The Use of an Automated Data

Base in Population Exposure Calculations, from Population Exposures,
Health Physics Society, CONF-74018, October 1974.

EPA79	Moore R.E., C.F. Baes, III, L.M. McDowell-Boyer, A.P. Watson, F.O.

Hoffman, J.C. Pleasant, C.W. Miller, AIRDOS-EPA: A Computerized
Methodology for Estimating Environmental Concentrations and Dose to
Man from Airborne Releases of Radionuclides, EPA 520/1-79-009, EPA
«	Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. 20460, December 1979.

EPA89	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Draft Environmental Impact

Statement for Proposed NESHAPS for Radionuclides," Vol.1, EPA 520/1-
89-006-1, Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, D.C. 20460,
October 1989.

Fa85	"Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Prediction of Ground-Level Airborne

Radionuclide Concentrations to Measured Values at Five Facilities",
Prepared for USEPA Office of Radiation Programs under Contract
68-02-3853, Work Assignment 9, by Jack Faucett Associates, Inc. and
SC&A, JACKFAU-311/4-85, September 30, 1985.

Fa87	"Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Prediction of Ground-Level Airborne

Radionuclide Concentrations to Measured Values", Prepared for USEPA
Office of Radiation Programs under Contract 68-02-4375, Work
Assignment 1-10, by Jack Faucett Associates, Inc. and SC&A,
JACKFAU-341/12-87, 1987.

ICRP79	International Commission on Radiological Protection, "Limits for

Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers," ICRP Publication 30, Part 1,
Ann. ICRP, 2 (3/4), Pergamon Press, New York, 1979.

NRC75	Memo from K. Eckerman, N. Dayem, R. Emch, Radiological Assessment

Branch, Division of Technical Review, Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Code Input Data for Man-Rem Estimates, Washington, D.C. , October 15,
1975.

NRC77	U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Calculation of Annual Doses to

Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of
Evaluating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50 Appendix I (Revision 1),
Regulatory Guide 1.109, Office of Standards Development, Washington,
D.C., October 1977.

ORNL80	Dunning Jr. D.E., R.W. Leggett, and M.G. Yalcintas, "A Combined

Methodology for Estimating Dose Rates and Health Effects from
Exposures to Radioactive Pollutants," ORNL/TM-7105, March 1980.

ORNLSla Begovich C.L., K.F. Eckerman, E.C. Schlatter, S.Y. Ohr, and R.O.

Chester, "DARTAB, A Program to Combine Airborne Radionuclide
Environmental Exposure Data with Dosimetric Health Effects Data to
Generate Tabulations of Predicted Health Impact,
ORNL-5692/DE81030434, August 1981.

7-1

-------
0RNL81b Sullivan R.E., N.S, Nelson, W.H. Ellett, D.E. Dunning Jr., R.W.

Leggett, M.G. Yalcintas, and K.F. Eckerman, "Estimates of Health
Risk from Exposure to Radioactive Pollutants," ORNL-7745/DE82002486,
November 1981.

0ENL84	Sjoreen A.L. and C.W. Miller, "PREPAR, A User-Friendly Preprocessor

to Create AIRDOS-EPA Input Data Sets," ORNL-5952/DE84016731, August
1984.

USDA72	United States Department of Agriculture, Food Consumption of

Households in the United States (Seasons and Year 1965-1966),
Household Food Consumption Survey 1965-1966, Report No. 12,
Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Washington, D.C., March 1972.

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