FISCAL YEAR 2017
ALTERNATIVE FUEL
VEHICLE ACQUISITION
REPORT
February 2018
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
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Environmental Protection Agency EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Contents
Executive Summary 1
Legislative and Executive Order Requirements 2
FY 2017 Compliance With EPAct 1992 3
FY 2017 Compliance With EISA 2007 4
FY 2017 Compliance With EO 13693 5
Success Stories 5
Appendices
Appendix A: FY 2017 EPAct-Reported Vehicle Acquisitions A-l
Appendix B: Previous EO Metrics B-l
Appendix C: Acronyms C-l
List of Tables
Table 1. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting Federal Fleet Requirements 1
Table 2. Summary of Federal Fleet Requirements 2
Table 3. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EPAct 1992 Requirements 3
Table 4. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EISA 2007 Requirements 4
List of Figures
Figure 1. The EPA's EPAct 1992 Actual and Projected Compliance, FY 2005-2020 3
Figure 2. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EO 13693 Requirements 5
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Environmental Protection Agency EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Executive Summary
This is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) fiscal year (FY) 2017 annual report on the
agency's performance in meeting the environmental stewardship transportation requirements of the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992), the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007),
and Executive Order (EO) 13693. This report was developed in accordance with EPAct 1992 (42 U.S.C.
13211-13219) as amended by the Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998.
EPAct 1992 requires that in FY 1999 and beyond, 75 percent of all non-exempt vehicle acquisitions by
federal agencies must be alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). EO 134231 required federal agencies to
increase alternative fuel consumption by 10 percent annually compared to the previous year's
alternative fuel usage requirement. EO 13423 also set a goal for federal agencies to reduce petroleum
consumption by 2 percent annually relative to an FY 2005 baseline. However, EO 13423 was superseded
by EO 13693, which altered the sustainability metrics from a focus on fuels to a focus on greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions reduction. EO 13693 now mandates a progressive reduction of per-mile GHG emissions
totaling at least 30 percent by FY 2025, using an FY 2014 baseline. EO 13693 also requires
implementation of vehicle telematics systems and acquisition of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
and zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). Finally, EISA 2007 prohibits the acquisition of any light-duty vehicle or
medium-duty passenger vehicle that is not designated as a low-GHG-emitting vehicle (LGHGV), except
where a specific non-LGHGV vehicle configuration is required to fulfill mission requirements. Table 1
summarizes the agency's performance in meeting these requirements.
Table 1. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting Federal Fleet Requirements
Driver
Performance
FY 2017 Goal/Requirement
EPA FY 2017 Performance
EPAct
AFV
Acquisitions
75% of the 67 non-exempt,
light-duty vehicles acquired in
FY 2017 (i.e., 51
AFV credits and acquisitions)
Acquired 53 AFVs and AFV
credits, or 79.1% of non-exempt
acquisitions
EISA
LGHGVs
Acquisitions
100% of non-exempt light-duty
and medium-duty passenger
vehicles must be LGHGVs
Achieved 100% LGHGV
acquisition rate for non-exempt
vehicle acquisitions
EO
Per-Mile
GHG
Emissions
4% reduction from the 2014
baseline of 416.89 gC02e/mile
(i.e., a target of
400.22 gC02e/mile)
Reduced per-mile GHG
emissions by 9.39% from FY
2014 baseline, achieving 377.74
gC02e/mile
The EPA has achieved significant progress towards an energy- and cost-efficient fleet, which is a result of
the agency's determined and strategic efforts in vehicle acquisitions, operations and communication.
The EPA has met or exceeded all federal fleet requirements and anticipates even greater strides in the
near future.
1 EO 13423 was revoked by EO 13693 effective March 19, 2015, but EO 13423 compliance in FY 2016 is noted in Appendix B.
1
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Environmental Protection Agency
EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Legislative and Executive Order Requirements
Congress and the President have established laws and policies regarding federal fleet sustainability that
make GHG emission reductions a priority for federal agencies. Table 2 summarizes federal fleet
requirements for vehicle acquisitions, GHG emissions and fuel consumption:
Table 2. Summary of Federal Fleet Requirements
EPAct 1992, as amended by the Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998, and Section 2862
of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008
Acquire 75% of light-duty vehicles as AFVs, unless exempted.
EPAct of 2005, Section 701
Use alternative fuels to operate dual-fueled vehicles unless the vehicles qualify for a waiver.
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, Sections 141, 142 and 246
Prohibit acquisition of light-duty or medium-duty passenger vehicles that are not LGHGVs.
Reduce petroleum consumption by 20% and increase alternative fuel use by 10% by FY
2015 and thereafter.
EO 13423 Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy and Transportation Management
Reduce annual petroleum consumption by at least 2% each year through FY 2015, compared
to FY 2005 consumption levels.
Increase annual consumption of alternative fuels by 10% relative to the previous fiscal year
alternative fuel target.
EO 13514 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through reduced petroleum consumption.
Reduce annual petroleum consumption by at least 2% each year through FY 2020,
compared to FY 2005 consumption levels.
Presidential Memorandum on Federal Fleet Performance (May 24, 2011)2
• Acquire only AFVs for light-duty vehicle acquisitions starting December 31, 2015.
• Ensure executive fleet vehicles are midsized sedans or smaller, except where larger sedans
are essential to the agency mission.
• Establish a vehicle allocation methodology (VAM) to determine the appropriate size and
number of vehicles.
EO 13693 Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade
Determine optimal fleet inventory and eliminate unnecessary vehicles.
Reduce per-mile GHG emissions by 4% by the end of FY 2017; 15% by the end of FY 2021;
and 30% by the end of FY 2025, using an FY 2014 baseline.
Deploy telematics in all new light-duty and medium-duty acquisitions by March 19, 2017.
Ensure fleet data is reported in agency fleet database, Federal Automotive Statistical
Tool, Federal Motor Vehicle Registration System and FleetDASH.
Ensure that 20% of new passenger vehicle acquisitions are ZEVs or PHEVs starting CY
2021 and 50% of new passenger vehicle acquisitions are ZEVs or PHEVs starting CY 2026.
Plan for installation of ZEV/PHEV refueling infrastructure and opportunities for vehicle-to-
grid technology.
2 Revoked by EO 13693. However, VAM and AFV acquisition requirements were retained in the EO.
2
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Environmental Protection Agency
EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
FY 2017 Compliance With EPAct 1992
The EPA has exceeded EPAct 1992 acquisition requirements each year since FY 1999, and the agency
projects this trend to continue. As summarized in Table 3, in FY 2017 the agency acquired 53 AFVs,
earning 53 EPAct credits to count as a percentage of the 67 subject vehicle acquisitions.
Table 3. The EPA-s FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EPAct 1992 Requirements
EPAct-Covered Non-Exempt Vehicle Acquisitions
67
AFVs Acquired
53
Additional Credits Earned
0
Total AFVs and Credits (as % of non-exempt acquisitions)
79.1%
The agency achieved 79.1 percent acquisition of AFVs in FY 2017. This meets and exceeds the EPAct
1992 requirement of a 75 percent AFV acquisition rate, and is consistent with past performance in fiscal
years 2005 through 2016. The EPA anticipates exceeding EPAct 1992 AFV acquisition requirements
through FY 2020.
Figure 1 depicts EPA AFV acquisitions from FY 2005 through FY 2017 and forecasts acquisitions for FY
2018 through FY 2020. Appendix A provides information on the number and types of light-duty vehicles
acquired by the agency.
140%
121%
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
115%
109% 107% 107%
84% 84%
109% 110%
109%
93% 93%
94%
99%
77%
79%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
¦ 75% Requirement I AFV Acquisition %
Figure 1. The EPA's EPAct 1992 Actual and Projected Compliance, FY 2005-20203
3 Includes credits for petroleum-dedicated AFVs (also known as LGHGVs) and biodiesel use. Percentages can exceed 100 percent of covered
acquisitions when the EPA receives AFV credits for non-covered acquisitions and other events.
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EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
FY 2017 Compliance With EISA 2007
Federal fleets are prohibited by EISA 2007 Section 141 from acquiring light-duty and medium-duty
passenger vehicles that are not designated as LGHGVs. These are vehicles with GHG emissions that fall
below specified thresholds based on vehicle and fuel type, as determined by the EPA's Office of
Transportation and Air Quality. An exemption to this mandate can be granted if no LGHGV is available
that meets agency mission requirements for a given location (also known as a "functional needs
exception"). Table 4 below details the EPA's performance toward EISA 2007 vehicle acquisition goals.
Table 4. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EISA 2007 Requirements
Total FY 2017 Subject Acquisitions
116
Total EISA Exempt FY 2017 Acquisitions
83 (out of 116)
Total EISA Non-Exempt FY 2017 Acquisitions
33 (out of 116)
EISA 141 Compliant Acquisitions
33 (out of 33)
FY 2017 Compliance Target
100%
FY 2017 Actual Performance
100%
In FY 2017, the EPA acquired 33 vehicles subject to EISA 2007 requirements, and all 33 vehicles were
LGHGVs, resulting in an LGHGV acquisition rate of 100 percent and full compliance with EISA 2007. The
EPA will continue to monitor all vehicle acquisitions to ensure that EISA and EPAct acquisition
requirements are met.
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Environmental Protection Agency
EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
FY 2017 Compliance With EO 13693
EO 13693 mandates that federal fleets progressively reduce GHG emissions on a per-mile basis for a
total reduction of 30 percent by FY 2025. Though experiencing a slight increase in per-mile GHG
emissions in FY 2016 over the previous fiscal year, the EPA resumed a downward emissions trend in FY
2017, exceeding the year's reduction target of 4 percent from the FY 2014 baseline with a total 9.39
percent reduction. The EPA is on track to achieve more than the 6.75 percent target reduction in FY
2018. Figure 2 provides the EPA's current performance and projected targets through FY 2025.
The EPA reduced emissions from the FY 2014 baseline of 416.89 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per
mile (CChe g/mile) to 377.74 CChe g/mile in FY 2017. The EPA will continue to develop and implement
strategies to reduce GHG emissions by acquiring and utilizing fuel-efficient vehicles and alternative fuels.
450
400
416.9
416.9
416.9
408.6
400.2
388.8
377.3
365.8
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Environmental Protection Agency
EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
The EPA will reposition the agency's fleet sustainability strategy to ensure compliance with EO 13693's
shift in focus from absolute petroleum reduction and alternative fuel growth to per-mile GHG efficiency.
Efficient and strategic acquisitions, petroleum use reduction, and alternative fuel use will all continue to
play vital roles in the EPA's approach moving forward.
Though EO 13423 was superseded by EO 13693, the EPA continued to track the agency's performance
under the previous EO 13423 requirement to reduce petroleum consumption by 24 percent compared
to 2005 consumption levels. In FY 2017, the EPA reduced its covered petroleum consumption by 38.4
percent, exceeding the requirement by an extra 73.9 percent beyond the would-be FY 2017 target of 24
percent petroleum reduction from the baseline. The EPA had already met both the final 22 percent total
reduction goal of EO 13423 in FY 2009 (seven years earlier than would have been required) and the final
30 percent petroleum reduction goal of EO 13514 in FY 2011 (nine years earlier than required). The
agency will continue to reduce petroleum use as much as is feasible.
The EPA continued to advance intra-agency communication in FY 2017 between the EPA Headquarters
fleet team and satellite fleet locations. As part of these efforts, the EPA continued its fleet site visit
program, Fleet Compliance and Operations Review Enterprise (FleetCORE). The EPA reviewed two
regional fleet locations and conducted a comprehensive fleet management assessment for both sites.
The review team issued FleetCORE reports that highlighted best practices and provided
recommendations for improving operations and compliance efforts. Additionally, the Agency Fleet
Manager conducted quarterly conference calls with Regional Fleet Managers to discuss agency progress,
current issues, conditions in the field and potential strategies to increase alternative fuel consumption
and reduce petroleum use. The headquarters fleet team conducted a training session for EPA Fleet
Managers via video teleconference on April 19, 2017. The objective of the training session was to share
best practices in fleet management and reiterate the agency's goals regarding environmental
compliance.
In accordance with the Presidential Memorandum on Federal Fleet Performance and GSA Bulletin B-30,
the EPA conducted a vehicle allocation methodology (VAM) study (required at least once every five
years) in FY 2016 with the goal of identifying and eliminating under-utilized and unnecessary motor
vehicles. One year after the study and detailed research and analysis of the fleet, the EPA reduced its
overall fleet inventory by 19 vehicles over the course of FY 2017. Combined with the 170 vehicles the
agency eliminated from FY 2012 through FY 2016, the EPA has reduced its fleet by a total of 189 vehicles
(16.5 percent of the FY 2011 baseline fleet inventory of 1,145 vehicles) since the issuance of the
Presidential Memorandum. The EPA's right-sizing efforts and fleet reductions are projected to provide
significant cost savings over the next five years based on lease cost savings alone.
In FY 2017, the EPA worked with the GSA to develop pathways to leasing additional plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE, also known as charging stations).
PHEVs can help reduce the agency's GHG emissions by using only electricity to power the vehicle for
most common vehicle trips. PHEVs are just one of many advanced vehicle types that are making
transportation more efficient and environmentally advantageous than ever before. The EPA will
continue to partner with the GSA to promote and test clean vehicle technologies and assist in the
expansion of next-generation AFVs.
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Environmental Protection Agency
EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Appendices
Appendix A provides detailed information on actual acquisitions of light-duty AFVs in FY 2017, as
required by EPAct 1992. As shown in Appendix A, the EPA acquired a total of 115 light-duty vehicles in
FY 2017. Of these, 67 were EPAct-covered acquisitions, thus establishing a 51-minimum AFV credit
requirement to meet EPAct's 75 percent requirement. For FY 2017, the agency acquired 53 AFVs, and
thus 53 EPAct credits, resulting in a 79 percent AFV acquisition rate.
Appendix B details the EPA's performance against metrics of rescinded EO 13423. Though no longer
necessary to track, these metrics are still useful in illustrating the progress of the agency's fuel
strategies.
Appendix C defines a list of commonly used acronyms for terminology related to alternative fuels and
federal fleets.
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Environmental Protection Agency EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Appendix A: FY 2017 EPAct-Reported Vehicle Acquisitions
Light-Duty Vehicle Acquisitions and Exemptions
Leased
Purchased
Total
Total Light-Duty Vehicle Acquisitions
115
10
115
Fleet Exemptions: Fleet Size
0
0
0
Fleet Exemptions: Foreign
0
0
0
Fleet Exemptions: Geographic
3
0
3
Vehicle Exemptions: LE Vehicle
43
0
43
Vehicle Exemptions: Non-Covered Vehicle
0
0
0
Vehicle Exemptions: Non-MSA Operation
2
0
2
Total EPAct-Covered Vehicles
67
0
67
Alternative Fuel Vehicle Acquisition Detail
Vehicle Type
Fuel
Law
Enforcement
Leased
Purchased
Total
EPAct Credits
Light and Medium Duty Vehicles
Sedan/St Wgn Compact
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
Sedan/St Wgn Compact
E85 FF
Yes
1
0
1
0
Sedan/St Wgn Compact
GAS HY
No
2
0
2
2
Sedan/St Wgn Compact
GAS HY
Yes
1
0
1
0
Sedan/St Wgn Compact
GAS PH
No
1
0
1
1
Sedan/St Wgn Midsize
E85 FF
No
5
0
5
0
Sedan/St Wgn Subcompact
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
Sedan/St Wgn Subcompact
GAS AF
No
1
0
1
1
LD Minivan 4x2 (Cargo)
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
LD Minivan 4x2 (Passenger)
E85 FF
No
7
0
7
7
LD Minivan 4x2 (Passenger)
E85 FF
Yes
2
0
2
0
LD Pickup 4x2
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
LD Pickup 4x2
E85 FF
Yes
3
0
3
0
LD SUV 4x2
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
LD SUV 4x2
E85 FF
Yes
2
0
2
0
LD SUV 4x2
GAS AF
No
5
0
5
5
LD Van 4x2 (Passenger)
E85 FF
No
1
0
1
1
LD Pickup 4x4
E85 FF
No
2
0
2
2
LD Pickup 4x4
E85 FF
Yes
2
0
2
0
LD SUV 4x4
E85 FF
No
26
0
26
26
LD SUV 4x4
E85 FF
Yes
9
0
9
0
LD SUV 4x4
GAS AF
No
1
0
1
1
MD Pickup
E85 FF
Yes
1
0
1
0
MD Van (Cargo)
E85 FF
No
2
0
2
2
Totals:
79
0
79
53
EPAct Acquisition Credits Summary
Base AFV Acquisition Credits:
53
Zero Emission Vehicle Credits:
0
Dedicated Light Duty AFV Credits:
0
Dedicated Medium Duty AFV Credits:
0
Dedicated Heavy Duty AFV Credits:
0
Biodiesel Fuel Usage Credits:
0
Total EPAct Credits:
53
Overall EPAct Compliance Percentage:
79%
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EPA AFV Acquisition Report —
FY 2017
Appendix B: Previous EO Metrics
EO 13693 revoked EOs 13423 and 13514 on March 19, 2015. These previous orders required annual 2
percent reductions in petroleum consumption from an FY 2005 baseline initially through FY 2015 (EO
13423), then extended to FY 2020 (EO 13514). Though revoked nearly two years prior, the 2 percent
reduction metric of these two orders is noted in this report, primarily to track the EPA's continuing
strong performance in petroleum reduction efforts. By FY 2017, the EPA would have been required to
reduce petroleum consumption by 24 percent relative to an FY 2005 consumption baseline. The EPA's
actual reduction was 41.8 percent below FY 2005 levels. The EPA thus exceeded the cumulative 20
percent petroleum reduction target required by EO 13423 in FY 2009 (two years after the EO was issued
and six years earlier than required) and surpassed the cumulative 30 percent reduction requirement
goal of EO 13514 in FY 2011 (two years after the EO was issued and nine years earlier than required).
The EPA remains diligent in implementing new strategies to reduce the agency's petroleum use.
Table E-l summarizes the EPA's performance against the petroleum consumption goals of EO 13423.
Table B-l. The EPA's FY 2017 Performance in Meeting EO 13423 Requirements
Petroleum Consumption
FY 2005 Baseline
513,346 GGEs
FY 2017 Petroleum Consumption Goal
390,143 GGEs (24% reduction from baseline)
FY 2017 Actual Petroleum Consumption
298,694 GGEs (41.8% reduction from baseline)
EO 13423 Compliant?
Yes
The EPA continues to strive for alternate fuel usage where such fuels are reasonably accessible for AFVs.
However, as the now-revoked EO 13423 had stipulated, it has been a struggle to achieve year-over-year
increases in such consumption due to an ongoing trend of decreasing accessibility of alternative fuel
infrastructure for the EPA's fleet. Despite this, the agency still managed to utilize 23,008 GGEs of
alternative fuel in FY 2017, thereby offsetting a sizable portion of petroleum that would have otherwise
been consumed. The EPA is committed to strategies and tools to identify opportunities for increased
alternative fuel consumption nationwide.
Table E-2 summarizes the agency's covered fuel consumption by type of fuel (alternative and
conventional) in motor vehicles from FY 2005 through FY 2017.
Table B-2. The EPA's Total Covered Fuel Use, FY 2005 through FY 2017 (in GGEs)
Fuel Type
FY
2005
FY
2006
FY
2007
FY
2008
FY
2009
FY
2010
FY
2011
FY
2012
FY
2013
FY
2014
FY
2015
FY
2016
FY
2017
CNG4
17,970
10,371
188
250
90
244
143
E85
26,498
8,340
16,563
36,563
48,619
40,020
51,427
50,871
47,521
45,158
32,783
25,725
22,800
Biodiesel
126
519
2,050
2,609
2,381
2,204
2,180
1,722
1,425
866
641
299
98
Hydrogen
0
0
0
18
74
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Electricity
¦
70
107
117
240
207
110
Total Alt.
Fuel Use
44,594
19,230
18,801
39,440
51,164
42,522
53,750
52,663
49,053
46,141
33,664
26,231
23,008
Total Covered
Petroleum
513,346
451,996
469,557
413,130
395,242
385,172
345,602
347,856
313,891
286,281
312,449
316,035
298,694
4 Compressed Natural Gas.
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Environmental Protection Agency EPA AFV Acquisition Report — FY 2017
Appendix C: Acronyms
Acronym
Phrase
AFV
Alternative fuel vehicle
CNG
Compressed natural gas
C02e g/mile
Carbon dioxide equivalent grams per mile
CY
Calendar year
E85/E85 FF
Ethanol (85% ethanol, 15% petroleum)/E85 flex-fuel
EISA
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
ELE DE
Electric dedicated
EO
Executive Order
EPAct
Energy Policy Act
FleetCORE
Fleet Compliance and Operations Review Enterprise
FY
Fiscal year
GAS HY
Gasoline hybrid electric vehicle
GAS PH
Gasoline plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
GGE
Gasoline gallon equivalent
GSA
Government Services Administration
GHG
Greenhouse gas
HEV
Hybrid electric vehicle
LD/MD/HD
Light-, medium-, or heavy-duty (as determined by gross vehicle weight)
LE
Law enforcement
LGHGV
Low greenhouse gas-emitting vehicle
MSA/CMSA
Metropolitan Statistical Area/Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area
PHEV
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
SUV
Sport utility vehicle
VAM
Vehicle allocation methodology
VTC
Video teleconference
ZEV
Zero emission vehicle
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