Vacant to Vibrant: Revitalizing Brownfields into
Incubator Spaces for Economic Development

The industrial and warehouse spaces that once housed thriving
businesses in your community may now be ripe for brownfield
redevelopment. These buildings can offer a new opportunity for
catalytic redevelopment while bridging the past to the present.

Bringing an incubator space into your community means creating a
supportive space for small businesses to grow together. These spaces
can drive economic growth and support local entreprenuers, while
providing a venue to share knowledge and build a strong sense of
community among founders and operators. An incubator can become
an anchor that brings in and sustains economic activity.

EPA has resources
and expertise to help
communities return
brownfield properties
to safe and sustainable
reuse. Learn more about
EPA's Brownfields and
Land Revitalization
Program.

Common Types of Incubators

Incubator spaces span from art-based collectives to traditional manufacturing and production spaces.
Common types include:

•	Maker spaces for creative or artisan businesses • Biotechnology and shared lab spaces

•	Light industrial or manufacturing spaces	• Other technology-based co-working and labs

•	Food production and/or retail spaces

What Makes an Incubator Space Successful

Smart Programming and
Financing

Well-defined goals and mission to enable buy-in

Combine several grant sources

Utilize tax credits and incentives to overcome
funding challenges

Combine the assistance of multiple stakeholders

• • • •

tiff Strong Community Ties

Identify a strong project champion

Build upon existing community relationships

Public access can support marketing and visibility

Outreach and training programs can help build
the incubator workforce

Flexible Physical Space

Supportive Services

Planning for different needs through a mix of
spaces to for different stages of the businesses

Utilize contractors with industrial/HVAC expertise

Ensure access to utilities and provide adequate
space for truck ioading and visitor parking

Affordable rent is critical for tenants

Training and mentorships for businesses (e.g., "How
to apply to be an LLC", permit support)

On-site dedicated support person can manage
space and tenant concerns

Partner with workforce development programs

vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Brownfields and Land Revitalization

EPA Publication Number: 560F23344
January 2024
www.epa.gov/brovvnfields


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Maker Spaces

Planned Collaborative Maker Space

Lee, MA

Artist collective and brewery

Maker spaces host a variety of creative and production activities
such as architecture, interior design, wood working, metal working,
furniture, product design, textiles, graphic design, marketing
and print, and other artist studios. Small artist studios can also
be a shared amenity for the community contributing to the
neighborhood's vibrancy and can function as open studios and
retail spaces for their tenants and hosting community programs,
events, and classes.

Benefits

Reduces upfront capital costs for new businesses; reduces operating
costs by sharing costs; provides a shared ecosystem for collaboration

Example Tenants

Interior designers and textile makers
Metal and wood workers or fabricators
Furniture makers

Graphic designers, marketing, and print makers
Small artist studios

Light Manufacturing

Light industrial or manufacturing spaces are most similar to
previous uses on an industrial site. Manufacturing incubators
accommodate businesses that require larger footprints, typically
associated with building materials and product manufacturing,
as well as smaller, supplementary services such as small food
and beverage manufacturing or small offices for related services
in architecture, design, construction management, and general
contracting. Tenants provide a wide variety of construction
materials, such as processed timber, steel and aluminum products,
and can share equipment for any processing or production needs.

Benefits

Reduces upfront/overhead costs; provides a viable option for large-scale,
underutilized industrial sites; avoids difficult land assembly for industrial
uses in urban settings; provides option to concentrate back-office or
maintenance services

Example Tenants

Building material production

Processed timber, custom millwork, or interior detailing businesses
Steel and aluminum product manufacturing or processing
Marble or stone processing and detailing

'-'n'tec' States
Environmental Protection
**Agency	Office of ESrownfields and Land Revitalization

EPA Publication Number: 560F23344
January 2024
www.epa.gov/brovvnfields

Greenpoint Manufacturing and
Design Center

Brooklyn, NY

Light manufacturing space


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Food Production/Retail

7800 Susquehanna

Pittsburgh, PA

Food production and small business
space

One of the more recognizable incubator spaces are food
production and retail spaces. Depending on the needs of
the food-based ecosystem, these could take the form of a
food hall, shared kitchen space, or other more sophisticated
production facilities. Food halls and shared kitchen spaces
tend to be more public-facing, offer retail or merchandising
opportunities, and are intended for small-scale producers.
Food production incubators are more similar to typical
manufacturing spaces where specialized equipment is needed
and serve larger-scale producers.

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Benefits



Reduces upfront capital and ongoing overhead costs; provides a shared
ecosystem for collaboration and innovation; may share a unified branding
to reach larger audiences

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Example Tenants

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Food and beverage production, canning, or labeling
Restaurant prep space
Shared kitchens for start up businesses
Food hall with multiple vendors

Bio-Tech/Lab Spaces

Pennovation

Philadelphia, PA
Laboratory space

Biotech and shared laboratory spaces are less common than other
types. Successful biotech and shared lab spaces require existing
relationships to biotech related uses in the region, such as other
biotech clusters, start-ups, and universities. Biotech incubators
provide shared lab spaces and equipment for new and burgeoning
biotech firms and could offer training opportunities to bolster
employment pipelines from local high schools or colleges. As lab
spaces have more stringent requirements, such as floor-to-floor
height, vibration ratings, and stringent ventiliation and wastewater
controls, it can be difficult and cost-prohibitive for small start-up
biotech firms to find a suitable space. Providing a collective space
that matches these requirements adjacent to existing research
institutions will foster an ecosystem of biotech research and
businesses development.

Benefits

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Reduces operational costs; provides a shared ecosystem for collaboration
and innovation

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Example Tenants



Start-up labs

Training facilities for local colleges and universities

-

vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Brownfields and Land Revitaiization

EPA Publication Number: 560F23344
January 2024
www.epa.gov/brovvnfields


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Building a Business Incubator in Your Community

How to Get Started

Start with examining the local market:

Market Data Needs:

Assess the market demand and small business potential.

Decide the type of incubator and operations approach and
determine space needs.

What are the characteristics of top industries, consumer base,
and business environment?

Can potential incubator tenants access the materials they need
from local or regional sources? How reliable is the local supply
chain?

Demographics and Labor
Force

Retail Supply and Gaps

Real Estate Market Information

Stakeholder and Community
Input

Process Overview

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Data Collection

Conduct or review any necessary environmental site assessments to understand potential
remediation and risk management needs.

Collect historical data on industrial land uses, employers, major companies, and industries in the
geography and examine how these industries have performed over time.

Analyze demographic and labor force information, real estate market conditions, retail supply and
demand, and other qualitative data to understand existing and unmet demand for businesses and
space.

Incubator Type and Program Selection

Once a target industry or cluster has been identified, determine the incubator type that best suits
the industry need.

For example, if there are several small food entrepreneurs working from their homes, a food
hall with a shared kitchen may be an appropriate incubator type.

The type and size of industrial brownfields that are available for redevelopment also plays a
role in determining the type of incubator and what uses are suitable.



Operational Decisions

Throughout the process, project leads should consider various options for operating structure and
funding sources to ensure long-term viability.

Key operational decisions include who will own and manage the space, how will its ongoing
or temporary operations be funded, and who will manage any accompanying marketing,
maintenance, programs, and other business support operations.

Stakeholders involved in the process may play an important support role and may potentially take
on operations as the space is built and tenants move in.

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Brownfields and Land Revitalization

EPA Publication Number: 560F23344
January 2024
www.epa.gov/brownfields


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