COVE WASH WATERSHED ASSESSMENT

The Gove Wash watershed is approximately 47-square miles in area and
includes 42 AUMs, 24 of which are Tronox mines, within the Tukachukai
Mountains. Year-round water is found in peaks and canyons above
7,000 feet elevation, where springs and seeps emerge. Developed springs
and wells are also part of the watershed. Dine College participated in
sampling which determined that the watershed has elevated uranium

Legal Agreements and AUM Cleanup Activities

PHASE II SETTLEMENT

In 2015, the Navajo Nation and the United States entered into a $13.2
million settlement called the Phase 1 Settlement. The Phase 1 Settlement
established an environmental response trust, the Phase 1 Trust, that was
managed by an independent trustee, with USEPA and NNEPA oversight.
Under the Phase 1 Settlement the United States provided funds to assess
16 priority mines on the Navajo Nation, including six in the Northern
AUM Region: Oakl24/Oakl25, Alongo Mines, NA-0904, NA-0928,
Barton 3, and Tsosie 1. The assessment work at the 16 mines was
completed in 2018. A Removal Site Evaluation report, which provides
information needed to determine the extent of contamination at each
mine, was developed for each site.

PHASE 2 SETTLEMENT

concentrations in surface and ground water around and below the
historically mined areas.

COVE AIR STUDY

The Cove Air Study was restarted in May 2021, and data from the air
monitors are being collected weekly. Quarterly reports summarizing the
data will be provided and shared with the community. The monitoring
event was completed in June 2022.

CYPRUS AMAX/WESTERN NUCLEAR SETTLEMENT _

In 2017, the United States and the Navajo Nation entered into a historic
settlement agreement with Cyprus Amax Minerals Company and Western
Nuclear, Inc., two companies owned by Freeport-McMoRan. The settlement
funds the assessment and cleanup of 94 abandoned uranium mines on the
Navajo Nation, including 82 mines in the Northern AUM Region. This
settlement addresses almost 20% of the abandoned uranium mines on the
Navajo Nation. The mines are located in the following chapters: Cove, Red
Valley, Shiprock, Teecnospos, Tolikan (Northern AUM Region); Dennehotso,
Kayenta, Mexican Water, Oljato (North Central AUM Region); Chilchinbeto
(Central AUM Region); and Smith Lake (Eastern AUM Region).

Reduce Your Contact with Uranium and Radiation

KEEP OUT

Ba'ha'dzid - Doo Ko'ne'na'adaa'da

Steps to keep yourself safe:

•	Stay away from abandoned mines and mills

•	Find out if your home is a contaminated
structure

•	Use regulated water for human needs

•	Never use unregulated water for human
needs -even if it looks OK

Use good water hauling practices to keep your water clean
Get regular cancer screenings, like pap tests, mammograms,
colonoscopies, and other cancer screenings

6|

Superfund Process on the Navajo Nation

Assessment

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Access
Agreements

Jf*

Resources
Surveys

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X

Signs and
Fences

Site
Evaluation

Decision Making

0

a

Clean Up



Engineering Public	Action

Evaluation / Comment Memorandum
Cost Analysis Period

Design

Action

Operations &
Maintenance

Ongoing
Maintenance



Community Involvement and planning for a site's future are ongoing throughout the process

Coordination with the Navajo Nation government including NNEPA, Navajo AML, and the Dine Uranium Remediation Advisory Commission

For More Information

Cyprus Amax

Kenyon Larsen

Remedial Project
Manager
USEPA Region 9
(415) 914-4213
larsen.kenyon@epa.gov

Tronox

Jesse Kass
Remedial Project
Manager
USEPA Region 9
(415) 606-8136
kass.jesse@epa.gov

Expanded Trust Agreement

Nasrin Erdelyi

Remedial Project
Manager
USEPA Region 9
(415) 914-4214
erdelyi.nasrin@epa.gov

Elsa Johnson

Community Involvement
Coordinator
USEPA Region 9
(415) 947-3552
johnson.elsa@epa.gov

Warren Roan

Environmental Department

Manager

NNEPA

(928) 871-7601

warrenjroan@mavajo-nsn.go v

USEPA Navajo Abandoned Uranium Mine website: wivw.epa.gov/navajo-nation-uranium-cleanup

In 2016, the Navajo Nation and the United States entered into a legal
settlement called the Phase 2 Settlement. The Phase 2 Settlement
established a trust account that is managed by Derrith Watchman-
Moore, an independent trustee, under USEPA and NNEPA oversight.
As of February 14, 2022, the Expanded Trust Agreement was signed
into place, which replaces the Phase 2 Settlement and provides funding
for the cleanup process at the Phase 1 sites as needed. The Expanded
Trust Agreement provides funds to assess an additional six mines in the
Northern AUM Region, 13 mine sites in the Central AUM Region, 11
mine sites in the Western AUM Region, and conduct two water studies,
one of which is located at a mine in the Tse Tah area (near Teecnospos
and Tolikan Chapters).

*4 Printed on 50% post-consumer recycled paper - Processed chlorine-free

<&EPA NAVAJO NATION

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Region 9 • San Francisco, CA • November 2022

NORTHERN ABANDONED URANIUM MINE (AUM) REGION

Number of abandoned uranium mines in the Northern AUM Region: 229

Of these 229 mines, funds are available to begin the cleanup process at 127 mines

Northern AUM Region includes the following chapters: Aneth, Beclabito, Cove,

Lukachukai, Red Mesa, Red Valley, Round Rock, Sanostee, Shiprock, Teecnospos, and Tolikan

PRIORITY MINES AND SETTLEMENTS

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
in partnership with the Navajo Nation EPA
(NNEPA), has identified 523 AUMs on the Navajo
Nation. Of these 523 AUMs, 46 mines were
identified as "priority mines" based on radiation
levels and proximity to homes or potential for
water contamination.

Funds are available to begin the cleanup process
at 127 mines, approximately 55 percent of the
mines in the Northern AUM Region, including all
17 priority mines. USEPA continues to look for
companies responsible to assess and clean up the
remaining mines in this region.

USEPA constructed erosion controls at the Mesa II mine to prevent mine waste from
entering the Cove watershed. Before erosion control (left), and after erosion control (right).

Table 1: Summary of the Northern AUM Region identifying the name of the potentially responsible party or trust responsible for mine
cleanups, the number of mines, and the status in the Superfund process.

See section below "Legal Agreements and AUM Cleanup Activities" for more information on the settlement and trusts listed here.

Name of Potentially Responsible Party or
Settlement

Number of Mines*

Superfund Process Status

Tronox Settlement

Phase 1 Trust (limited to mine assessment)

Phase 2 Trust

Cyprus Amax Minerals Company (Cyprus Amax)
and Western Nuclear, Inc. (Western Nuclear)

•	33 mines (three of which are
priority mines)

•	12 mines (six of which are priority
mines, and one which was selected
for a water study)

•	82 mines (eight of which are priority
mines)

•	Removal Site Evaluations completed in 2019 for 33
mines

•	Engineering Evaluation / Cost Analysis drafted in
2021 for Tronox sites

•	Removal Site Evaluations completed for six mines

•	Removal Site Evaluations and water study in progress
for six mines and one water study

•	Removal Site Evaluations in progress for 29 mines

Total

127 mines (17 of which are priority mines)

*One mine claim can include more than one site.

Tronox Settlement

In 2014, the United States entered
into a historic legal settlement
that provides almost fit billion
to investigate and clean up
approximately 50 AUMs on or near
the Navajo Nation that were operated
by Kerr-McGee Corporation and its
successor, Tronox. Thirty-two mines
are in the Cove/Lukachukai/Round
Rock area and two mines are in the
Tse Tah area in the Northern AUM
Region.

REMOVAL SITE EVALUATIONS

In 2018-2019, USEPA conducted Removal Site Evaluations
at 33 mines and nearby areas. This work involved radiation
measurements and collecting laboratory samples. The results
will be used in Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/
CA) documents to help decide how the sites are cleaned up.

ENGINEERING EVALUATiON/COST ANALYSIS

Drafts of the EE/CAs for the 34 Tronox AUMs were
completed by December 2021. These drafts did not include a
recommended alternative. Drafts including a recommended
alternative are expected to be completed in 2023.

TRONOX ALLOCATION STRATEGY

Prom 2020 to 2022, Region 6, Region 9,
and Office of Mountain Desserts and Plains
formulated an Allocation Strategy for the
~$900 million Tronox settlement. In March
2022, approximately a third of the funds,
$305 million, was allocated to Region
6 for the 20 AUMs in New Mexico and
approximately two thirds of the funds, $620
million, remains for the 34 NAUMs in Cove
and Tse Tah.


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Aneth

Red Mesa

Mexican Water

Teecnospos

Beda bi to

Sweetwate r/Tolika n

Ship rock

Cove

Round Rock

Sanostee/Tsealnaozt'ii

Navajo Nation Abandoned Uranium Mines

Utah
A r i;z 0>n a

V-i

Map Area



Source: The source of the image is ESRI, used by the EPA with ESRI's permission-

Date: Augusts, 2022

Tse Tah Area

Red Valley Area

Mines

Cyprus Amax # Tronox

Phase 1 Trust 0 Currently Unfunded

Phase 2 Trust	Phase 2 Trust Water Study





Abandoned Uranium Mines and Current Settlements
Navajo Nation Northern AUM Sites

Chapter House
Highway

c

Road
US State

3

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