NATIONAL WATER REUSE ACTION PLAN

Update on Collaborative Progress I March 2024

The WRAP collaborative helps to foster potable and non-potable water reuse across the United States. It
consists of coordinated actions and publicly available products that expand water reuse expertise and address
implementation challenges. Since 2020, the effort has grown to include 157 organizations and 69 actions. The
ongoing commitment of WRAP collaborators and the federal interagency working group advances reuse to create
a resilient water future for all.

69

WRAP action
commitments

II C7 organizations
113/ involved

170+

resources
developed

WRAP YEAR 4 IMPACTS

The following are example activities from the past year that advance water reuse across five key impact areas.

Impact Area I: Improve State Regulatory and Policy Clarity

•	Advancing strategies for innovation and permitting, The EPA
organized an expert workshop to identify how National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System permitting can support innovative
solutions while maintaining robust environmental protections. A
summary report will follow. (Action 2,19. led by EPA; University of
California, Berkeley; and Stanford University)

•	Compiling state regulations to support reuse adoption.
The REUSExplorer tool summarizes state water reuse laws
and policies across different sources of water and end-use
applications. The EPA added state summaries for industrial water
reuse applications and included rainwater collected onsite as

a new source of water. (Action 3.1. led by EPA and supported
by ACV/A. AMWA, ASDWA, ASTHO. CDPHE, FDA, WRF and
WateReuse)

•	Supporting state regulators through collaborative exchanges.
Regulators across 17 states participated in the fourth State
Summit on Water Reuse in March 2023 to discuss a range of
potable and non-potable reuse topics, including approaches for
developing regulations. (Action 2.2. led by ACV/A, ASDWA and
EPA in collaboration with ASTHO, GV/PC. ECOS and WateReuse)

Attendees of the Innovative Permitting workshop. Photo
courtesy of The Johnson Foundation at Wingspread.

The EPA is using its convening power to bring people
together across the country and across operational
and regulatory silos to figure out how to bridge gaps and
accelerate positive momentum through the WRAP."

- Felicia Marcus, William C. Landreth Visiting Fellow at Stanford
University's Water in the West Program and WRAP Action Leader

• Updating design standards for federal facilities. The GSA completed a public comment period in 2024 for an update to the
P100 facilities standards for Public Buildings Services to consider goals for water net-zero and human health risk-based water
treatment targets. (Action 2.18. led by NBRC for ONWS and EPA)

^ New action: Study the Public Benefit of a Potential Federal Investment Tax Credit to Support Private Investment in Water
Reuse (Action 6.6, led by EPA's Environmental Financial Advisory Board)

Receive Monthly Newsletters

Additional action highlights are showcased in WRAP monthly and quarterly updates. To receive these
newsletters, join the EPA's water reuse listserv by emailing waterreuseia'epa.aov.


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m Impact Area 2: Highlight Infrastructure Investments

•	Supporting community hazard mitigation and resilience to
extreme weather events. FEMA announced the availability of
$800 million for the Flood Mitigation Assistance grant program
and $1 billion for the Building Resilient Infrastructure and
Communities program. Water reuse projects are eligible under the
drought mitigation category. (Action 2,14. led by FEMA and EPA)

•	Tracking water reuse investments. The EPA released an
interactive tool to track and analyze investments made
through the Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving
Funds, allowing users to view water reuse projects funded by
states. (Action 6.2A. led by EPA)

•	Investing in water reuse projects. Reclamation announced the
availability of $239 million for water reclamation and reuse
projects through Title XVI Congressionallv Authorized
Projects and Title XVI WIIN Act Projects. The Large-Scale Water
Recycling Projects opportunity provides up to $180 million for eligible projects. (Action 6.5. led by Reclamation)

0|j| impact Area 3: Advance Scientific and Technological Research

•	Advancing research to replenish and supplement groundwater supplies. The EPA awarded nearly $8 million to four
institutions for research related to enhanced aquifer recharge to improve groundwater availability and quality. (Action 7.8. led
by EPA)

•	Helping small businesses develop innovative reuse technologies. The 2023-2024 Small Business Innovation Research reuse-
related topics included zero-liquid discharge and brine concentrate minimization, and one recipient is developing an ecological
treatment for blackwater reuse. This webpage highlights previous grant awardees developing reuse technologies. (Action 7.5.
led by EPA)

•	Supporting research on antimicrobial resistance. The EPA is planning to fund research on the occurrence, fate, transport and
persistence of antimicrobial resistant organisms and genes found in municipal wastewater effluent, water reuse and biosolids.
The EPA plans to issue the awards, totaling nearly $10 million, in spring 2024. (Action 7.9. led by EPA)

•	Developing a coordinated national research strategy for water reuse. WRF sought qualifications to develop a national
research strategy that communicates and prioritizes water reuse research, synthesizes identified research needs and
coordinates with key stakeholder groups to create a roadmap document for the water sector. (Action 7.2. led by WRF)

•	Highlighting challenges and solutions related to the use of treated wastewater for irrigation. This review article from
an interdisciplinary group that convened in Israel at the treWAG 2022 Conference identifies agronomic and public health
considerations of agricultural irrigation using treated wastewater. (Action 1.6. led by US DA, EPA, FDA, University of Arizona
and Volcani Institute)

•	Analyzing onsite non-potable water system pathogen treatment targets. This research article describes pathogen treatment
targets for onsite non-potable systems for greywater, wastewater, stormwater and roof runoff. (Action 3.4. led by NBRC

for ONWS)

•	Funding an academic consortium to advance water reuse. The USACE awarded a $12.3 million cooperative agreement for
the first of a three-phase, $38 million program to create the Water Reuse Consortium—a research collaboration between the
University of Southern California, the University of Arizona and the University of Nevada, Reno. The consortium aims to tackle
pressing water challenges through innovative research; education; communication; and unprecedented collaboration between
government, local communities, industry and academia. (Action 7,10. led by USACE and the Water Reuse Consortium)

^ New action: Evaluate Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater and Sewage Sludge and its Impact on Surface Waters: Research
Grant (Action 7.9. led by EPA)

^ New action: Implement the DoD-funded Water Reuse Consortium for Water Resiliency at Military and Municipal Facilities
(Action 7.10. led by USACE and the Water Reuse Consortium)

More than

$1 billion

was made available for
federal investments in reuse
infrastructure in 2023

Thanks to programs like WIFIA and the historic $50
billion for water under the Bipartisan Infrastructure
Law, EPA is rebuilding essential water infrastructure to
address community needs while creating good-paying jobs
in the process."

- Former EPA Assistant Administrator for Water Radhika Fox

More than

$121 million

0

in federal research awards for water reuse since 2020

EPA

$36.6 million

SBIR, STAR and National
Priority awards

OD0E

$70.5 million

National Alliance for
Water Innovation awards
for desalination and reuse

OD0D

$14.3 million

Water Reuse Consortium
and cooperative agreements


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Pip Impact Area 4: Improve Public Perception

•	Sharing resources through a communications library.

WateReuse released a living library of ready-to-use outreach
materials and examples from leading water reuse agencies
that utilities and other communicators can borrow or use as
inspiration. (Action 8,1. led by Vi/ateReuse)

•	Making the connection between water reuse and public health.

The CDC and EPA are anticipating to publish infographics and
a general water reuse informational website in March 2024 to
communicate water reuse safety; common treatment processes
used for water reuse; and its importance for water security,
resilience and sustainability. (Action 8.6. led by CDC and EPA)

•	Recognizing businesses that incorporate water recycling.

The Innovation in Industrial Water Reuse Champion Award recognizes Fortune 1000 companies that incorporate best-in-class
water recycling programs. Winners of the 2023 Industrial Champion Awards included APA Corporation, PepsiCo and Intel
Corporation, and the 2023 Global Industrial Water Reuse Champion Awards were presented to Carlsberg Group and Kimberly-
Clark Corporation. (Action 8.4. led by U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Veolia, WateReuse, UPenn Water Center and IDRA)

New action: Engage the Medical Community to Inform the Public About the Risks and Benefits of Water Reuse (Action 8.8. led

by SCCMA, Valley Water, Envirospectives, WateReuse and EPA)

3^ New action: Produce a Compendium of Best Practices for Community Engagement Related to Water Reuse (Action 8.9. led
by WRF)

•	New action: Facilitate a Global Dialogue on Water Reuse (Action 115. led by WateReuse and IDRA)

Attendees of a meeting on the USACE-funded Water
Reuse Consortium. Photo courtesy of the University of

Southern California.

Impact Area 5: Provide Technical Support and Information

•	Sharing lessons for optimizing the adoption of water reuse in	Through ongoing meaningful state-federal
underserved communities. This report documents the process of collaboration, the WRAP can advance effective
piloting direct technical assistance for three self-nominated small, water reuse practices on a national scale while also
underserved communities. The report relays lessons learned from addressing the unique water management challenges faced
the pilot and highlights ongoing technical assistance efforts and by each state."

support opportunities. (Action 8.5. led by Pacific Institute	-Julia Anastasio, ACWA Executive Director

and EPA)

Facilitating community connections with technical assistance providers. The EPA developed a map to help connect
communities with organizations that are part of the Agency's technical assistance program. Currently, 19 providers are listed as
supporting water reuse projects specifically. (Action 4.9. led by EPA)

•	Demonstrating the benefits of water reuse through case studies. Six different organizations authored nine water reuse
case studies to describe the projects' unique reuse solutions; ability to navigate the local policy, institutional and regulatory
environment; financial and contractual agreements; and lessons learned. (Action 113. led by the World Bank and EPA)

^ New action: Identify Opportunities for Industrial Reuse to Supplement Water Supply in Northeast Illinois (Action 7.11 led by

University of Illinois Chicago)

Key Resources

•	WRAP Online Platform with action information: https://www.epa.gov/waterreuse/wraponline

•	REUSExplorer tool with summaries of state guidelines and regulations: https://www.epa.qov/reusexplorer

•	Water Reuse Resource Hub with materials organized by end use: https://www.epa.gov/waterreuse/water-reuse-
resource-hub-end-use-application

•	Case studies that demonstrate the benefits of water reuse: https://www.epa.gov/waterreuse/case-studies-
clemonstrate-benefits-water-reuse

Recent and upcoming activities: https://www.epa.gov/waterreuse/recent-and-upcoming-water-reuse-activities


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Federal Commitments to Water Reuse

The Water Reuse Interagency Working Group (Working
Group), formally established under the Bipartisan
Infrastructure Law, is celebrating its second year of
coordinating and developing tools, actions and resources
to advance water reuse. Part of the Working Group's
purpose is to demonstrate leadership through WRAP
implementation. The 60 WRAP actions with direct
federal involvement reflect specific commitments to
advancing reuse, along with the following activities:

Working Group panelists at the 2026 WateReuse Symposium.

•	The Working Group will release a report to Congress in 2024 that presents key information and outcomes related to
its duties and outlines anticipated future activities.

•	The Working Group and member agencies continue to fund critical water reuse research and infrastructure projects.

•	Congress directed the EPA, in coordination with the Working Group, to undertake a study on the public benefit of a
potential federal investment tax credit to support private investment in water reuse and recycling systems. The EPA's
Environmental Financial Advisory Board has agreed to conduct this stud and plans to engage different public and
private sector stakeholder groups. (Action 6.6. led by EPA's Environmental Financial Advisory Board)

RECENTLY COMPLETED WRAP ACTIONS

Join us in celebrating completed actions, which have met their goals and laid the groundwork for future progress.

Develop Informational Materials to Address how CWA NPDES Permits can Facilitate Water Reuse/Capture
(Action 2.6. led by EPA and ACWA)

Implement and Manage the NAWI Energy-Water Desalination Hub (Action 4.6. led by DOE and NAV/I)

Compile and Promote Existing USDA Funding and Resources for Rural Communities (Action 6.4. led by USDA)

Establish a Water Reuse Champion Award Program for Private Sector Companies (Action 8.4. led by U.S. Chamber of
Commerce, UPenn Water Center, Veolia, WateReuse and IDRA)

Engagement with Disadvantaged and Rural Communities on Water Reuse (Action 8.5. led by EPA and Pacific Institute)

Facilitate U.S.-Israel Collaboration on Technology, Science and Policy of Water Reuse (Action 111 led by EPA, MoEP and MoEi)

Develop and Highlight Case Studies Relevant to the Water in Circular Economy and Resilience Framework (Action 11.5. led by
the World Bank and EPA)

RN iCC UIC
NPS SAWS Volcani
Commerce NMSU USC
Parker Groundwater WaTr AMWA
FDA UNC Wright Water Engineers TTU

EDF UNR MOEI

WSWC NACWA NGWA
HUD Reclamation HCPU MoEP
GHD NDRP GCE CASWRCB NMED NSF

ECOS AHA and ASHE IWA USAID ASTHO CESPM Purdue GWPC MWD BIER DOT CILA OSU USGS WMI
SBIR Programs RTOCs MoAG FEMA Water Innovation Services WW One Water Econ NREL SCCWRP NTC
Valley Water JCI USWP NSU NTWC El Paso Water Groundwork USA DOD WTA AWWA Denver Water SRE
Rice University NYC DEP USACE SWAN Conagua SEPROA Penn State US Water Alliance
CWCB USGBC Israel Export Institute EPRI Northwest Biosolids GCCI NAWI WRF
University of California Trussel Technologies USDA SCCMA CDC WEF CIFA EPA
Austin Water Utilities NeoTech Aqua Cambrian Innovation RCAC 1DEQ IRWA ARCSA
Tyson GSA Pacific Institute Greenbiz Group IDRA CDPHE DOS CESPT Stantec
UWFP ASHRAE IBWC The World Bank ACWA Veolia Jacobs AVF WFX DOI
Columbia Water Center I NADB [ MoH I LADWP | NRWA I RCAP I ORNL I JFW I Wahaso
DOE WaterEdge.IL NM-PWRC LACSD IAPMO Design Aire PepsiCo, Inc CDM Smith
Embassy of Israei CSO DCPH-A NMSA ASDWA ISPE NBRC for ONWS CASE Team
WateReuse NWR ReNUWIt UPenn Water Center EFAB Xylem University of Arizona

EPA-820-S-24-001

The growing WRAP collaborative is helping to expand water reuse expertise and address implementation
challenges. Action leaders and partners that have joined since February 2023 are noted in bold italics.

v>EPA


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