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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Introduction to the 2018 TRI National Analysis
Industries and businesses in the United States (U.S.) use chemicals to make the products we
depend on, such as pharmaceuticals, computers, paints, clothing, and automobiles. While the
majority of chemicals included on the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemical list are managed
by industrial facilities in ways that minimize releases into the environment, releases still occur as
part of their normal business operations. It is your right to know what TRI chemicals are being
used in your community, and how they are managed
including how much is released into the environment, and
whether such quantities are increasing or decreasing over
time.
TRI Reporting
Under the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA) and the Pollution
Prevention Act (PPA). facilities
must report details about their
pollution prevention and waste
management activities,
including releases, of TRI-listed
chemicals for the prior calendar
year to EPA by July 1 of each
year.
The TRI tracks the annual management of certain chemicals
based on the information reported to EPA by facilities in U.S.
industry sectors such as manufacturing, metal mining,
electric utilities, and hazardous waste management. The data
reported to TRI are compiled in a publicly available database
maintained by EPA. For calendar year 2018, more than
21,000 facilities submitted TRI data to EPA.
Each year, EPA prepares and publishes the TRI National
Analysis. In support of EPA's mission to protect human
health and the environment, the TRI National Analysis
summarizes recently submitted TRI data, explores data
trends, and interprets the findings.
Watch a short video about the TRI Program and your right to know.
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Overview of the 2018 TRI data
The pie charts below summarize the most recent TRI data on: 1) how production-related
chemical wastes were managed in 2018; and 2) how the portion of wastes that were disposed
of or otherwise released to the environment were handled.
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On-site Land
Disposal:
68%
Treatment:
26%
Disposal or
Other
Releases:
12%
Recycling:
53%
On-site Air
Releases:
Off-site Disposal or
Other Releases: 11%
On-site Surface
Water
Discharges:
5%
Production-Related Waste Managed, 2018 Disposal or Other Releases
32.1 billion pounds 3.8 billion pounds
Energy Recovery:
9%
Note: To avoid double counting, the Disposal or Other Releases pie on the right excludes quantities of TRI chemicals that are
transferred off site from a TRI-reporting facility and subsequently released on site by a receiving facility that also reports to TRI.
Facilities reported managing 32.12 billion pounds of TRI-listed chemicals as production-
related waste. This is the quantity of TRI chemicals in waste that is recycled, combusted for
energy recovery, treated, disposed of, or otherwise released into the environment. In other
words, it encompasses the TRI chemicals in waste generated from the routine production
processes and operations at the facilities.
o Of this total, 88% was recycled, combusted for energy recovery, or treated. Only
12% was disposed of or otherwise released into the environment.
For chemical wastes that were disposed of or otherwise released, facilities also reported
where the wastes were releasedinto the air, water, or land (on site or off site). As shown
in the pie chart on the right, most waste was disposed of to land, which includes landfills
and underground injection, and other land disposal.
To view these data in a table and for more information on why the "disposal or other
releases" values differ between these two pie charts, see Quick Facts under TRI Data
Considerations.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Where are TRI Facilities Located?
Click on any of the locations on the map to see facility information.
View Larger Map
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TRI Data Considerations
As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when reviewing results or using
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data. Key factors associated with the data presented in the TRI
National Analysis are summarized below; for more information see Factors to Consider When
Using Toxics Release Inventory Data.
Covered sectors and chemicals. TRI includes information reported by many industry
sectors on the quantities of many chemicals that are released or otherwise managed as
waste, but it does not contain such information on all chemicals manufactured,
processed or otherwise used in the U.S., nor does it cover facilities in all industry sectors
within the U.S. A list of the sectors covered bv the TRI Program is available on the TRI
webpage, as well as a current list of the chemicals reportable to the TRI Program.
Facilities in covered sectors that manufacture, process, or use TRI-listed chemicals
above threshold quantities must also employ at least ten full-time equivalent employees
to be required to report to the TRI Program.
TRI trends. The list of TRI chemicals has changed over the years; as a result, trend
graphs in the TRI National Analysis include only those chemicals that were reportable for
the entire time period presented so that the year-to-year data are comparable. Results
which focus only on the year 2018 include all chemicals reportable for 2018. Thus, the
results for 2018 analyses may differ slightly from results presented in trend analyses,
which include 2018 and previous years.
Data quality. Facilities determine the quantities of chemicals they report to TRI using
best readily available data. Each year. EPA conducts an extensive data Quality review
that includes contacting facilities to review potential errors in reported information. This
data quality review helps ensure that the National Analysis is based on accurate and
useful information.
Risk. The quantity of TRI chemicals released is not an indicator of health risks posed by
the chemicals. Although TRI data generally cannot indicate the extent to which
individuals may have been exposed to chemicals, TRI data can be used as a starting
point to evaluate the potential for exposure and whether TRI chemical releases might
pose risks to human health and the environment. In particular, note that:
o The level of toxicity varies among the TRI-listed chemicals; data on quantities of
the chemicals alone are inadequate to reach conclusions on health-related risks,
and
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o The presence of a chemical in the environment must be evaluated along with the
potential and actual exposures and the route of exposures, the chemical's fate in
the environment and other factors before any judgements can be made about
potential risks associated with the chemical or from a release.
For more information on the use of TRI data in exposure and risk analyses, see Factors
to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data and the Hazard and Potential
Risk of TRI Chemicals in the Releases section.
Late submissions. TRI reporting forms submitted to EPA
after the July 1 reporting deadline may not be processed in
time to be included in the National Analysis. While facilities
can submit revisions after July 1, the TRI dataset used to
develop the National Analysis was frozen in mid-November.
Any revisions or late submissions received after this date will
not be reflected in the National Analysis but will be
incorporated into the TRI dataset during the spring data
refresh and will be reflected in next year's National Analysis
where 2018 data are referenced.
Double counting. The National Analysis presents
summaries of many quantitative data elements including
releases to the environment, which occur on site and off site
after wastes are transferred to other businesses for further
waste management. When aggregating releases across
facilities, such as national totals, EPA adjusts off-site releases to eliminate double
counting of releases if the receiving facility also reports to TRI.
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TRI Reporting is Required
Reporting to TRI is required by
law for facilities that meet the
reporting criteria under Section
313 of the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act
fEPCRAI. EPA investigates cases
of EPCRA non-compliance and
may issue civil penalties, including
monetary fines. Since the TRI
Program's inception, EPA has filed
more than 3,300 enforcement
actions involving TRI. For more
information, see the TRI
Compliance and Enforcement
webpage.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Quick Facts for 2018
2018 TRI Quick Facts
Production-Related Waste
Managed: 32.12 billion lb
billion lb
Total Disposal
or Other
Releases
Total:
3.80 billion lb
Off-site:
0.43 billion lb
Water:
0.20 billion lb
ฉ O.
On-site:
3.37 billion lb
Land:
2.57 billion lb
Air:
0.60 billion lb
TRI Facilities
21,557 1 s
The two metrics related to disposal or other releases are similar (3.84 and 3.80 billion
pounds), but not the same. There are several reasons that these metrics differ slightly:
1. Double counting. Total disposal or other releases removes "double counting" that
occurs when a facility that reports to the TRI Program transfers waste to another
TRI-reporting facility. For example, when TRI Facility A transfers a chemical off site
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for disposal to Facility B, Facility A reports the chemical as transferred off site for
disposal while Facility B reports the same chemical as disposed of on site. In
processing the data, the TRI Program recognizes that this is the same quantity of
the chemical and includes it only once in the total disposal or other releases metric.
The production-related waste managed metric in TRI, however, considers all
instances where the waste is managed (first as a quantity sent off site for disposal
and next as a quantity disposed of on site), and reflects both the off-site transfer
and the on-site disposal. Typically, double counting accounts for most of the
difference between the two metrics.
2. Non-production related waste. Total disposal or other releases includes
quantities of non-production-related waste that are released to the environment, but
these quantities are not included in the releases metric that is part of the
production-related waste total.
3. Range Codes. Facilities may use range codes for the quantities reported that make
up the total disposal or other releases (e.g., fugitive air emissions, water discharges,
and releases to a landfill) if the quantity released to the medium is less than 1,000
pounds and the chemical is not designated as a persistent, bioaccumulative toxic
(PBT) chemical in TRI. The three reporting range codes are: A =1 to 10 pounds; B =
11 to 499 pounds; and C = 500 to 999 pounds. EPA calculations assume the
approximate midpoint for each range (i.e., A = 5 pounds; B = 250 pounds; and C =
750 pounds). For the releases metric that is part of the production-related waste
total, range codes cannot be used; a numerical estimate must be provided.
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Pollution Prevention and Waste Management
Each year, the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) collects information from more than 21,000
facilities on the quantities of TRI-listed chemicals they recycle, combust for energy recovery,
treat for destruction, and dispose of or otherwise release both on and off site as part of their
normal operations. These quantities, in total, are collectively referred to as the quantity of
production-related waste managed.
Looking at production-related waste managed over
time helps track progress made by industrial
facilities in reducing the amount of chemical waste
generated and in adopting waste management
practices that are preferable to disposing of or
otherwise releasing waste into the environment.
EPA encourages facilities to first eliminate the
creation of chemical waste through source reduction
activities. For wastes that are generated, the most
preferred management method is recycling,
followed by combusting for energy recovery, treatment, and, as a last resort, disposing of or
otherwise releasing the chemical waste into the environment in an environmentally safe
manner. This order of preference is established in the Pollution Prevention Act fPPAl of 1990
and illustrated by the waste management hierarchy graphic above. One goal of the PPA is that
over time facilities will shift from disposal or other releases toward the more preferred
techniques in the waste management hierarchy that do not result in releases to the
environment.
As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when using the TRI data. Key factors
associated with data used in the National Analysis are summarized in the Introduction. For more
information see Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data.
Also note that the list of TRI chemicals has changed over the years. For comparability, trend
graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable for all years presented. Figures that
focus only on the year 2018 include all chemicals reportable for 2018, therefore, values for a
2018-only analysis may differ slightly from results for 2018 in a trend analysis.
Waste Management Hierarchy
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Source Reduction Activities Reported
Facilities are required to report to TRI new source reduction activities that they initiated or fully
implemented during the year. Source reduction includes activities that eliminate or reduce the
generation of chemical waste. Other waste management practices, such as recycling and
treatment, refer to how chemical waste is managed after it is generated and are not considered
source reduction activities. The source reduction information the TRI Program collects can help
facilities learn from each other's best practices and potentially reduce their own chemical
releases.
For more information, see the TRI Source Reduction Reporting Fact Sheet.
Source Reduction Activities Reported
Good Operating Practices
Process Modifications
ฆ Spill and Leak Prevention
ฆ Inventory Control
Raw Material Modifications
ฆ Product Modifications
ฆ Cleaning and Degreasing
ฆ Surface Preparation and
Finishing
Note: Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting codes that describe their activities. These codes fall into
one of eight categories listed in the graph legend and are defined in the TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions.
In 2018, a total of 3,120 new source reduction activities were implemented by 1,270
facilities (6% of all facilities that reported to TRI).
Facilities select from 49 types of source reduction activities that fall under the 8
categories shown in the graph. The most commonly reported source reduction category
is Good Operating Practices.
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o For example, a printed circuit board manufacturing facility reported periodic
maintenance of equipment that helps minimize overdosing ammonia into the
process. fClick to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 tooll
Additional Resources
See the TRI P2 Data Overview Factsheet for more information on source reduction
reporting in recent years.
Note that facilities may have implemented source reduction activities in earlier years
which are ongoing or completed projects. To see details of source reduction activities
implemented for this year or in previous years, use the TRI Pollution Prevention fP21
Search Tool.
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Green Chemistry Activities
Green chemistry is a discipline within the field of chemistry which seeks to prevent formation of
pollution through the design and implementation of manufacturing syntheses that use safer
reagents (e.g., green solvents) or feedstocks, use minimal energy, and produce the desired
product in high yield without forming unwanted byproducts or wastes. In the pollution
prevention hierarchy green chemistry is a means to achieve source reduction. Advancements in
green chemistry allow industry to reduce or even prevent pollution at its source by, for
example, designing manufacturing processes that use or produce fewer quantities of TRI
chemicals, or no TRI chemicals at all.
Six of the source reduction codes are specific to green chemistry activities, although green
chemistry practices may also fit under other codes. This figure shows the chemicals for which
the highest number of green chemistry activities, based on the six green chemistry codes, were
implemented over the last five years and the sectors that reported those activities.
Green Chemistry Activities for Top Chemicals, by Industry, 2014-2018
Methanol
Lead and Lead Compounds
Toluene
Nickel and Nickel Compounds
Ammonia
Chromium and Chromium Compounds
20 40 60 80 100
Number of Green Chemistry Activities Reported
120
Chemical Manufacturing
I Transportation Equipment
I Primary Metals
I Fabricated Metals
Computers and Electronic Products
All others
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Since 2014, facilities have reported 1,496 green chemistry activities for 130 TRI
chemicals and chemical categories.
Green chemistry activities were reported most frequently for methanol, lead and lead
compounds, toluene, nickel and nickel compounds, ammonia, and chromium and
chromium compounds.
The chemical manufacturing, fabricated metals, and transportation equipment
sectors reported the highest number of green chemistry activities.
Chemical manufacturers used green chemistry to reduce or eliminate their use of TRI
solvent and reagent chemicals, such as methanol, toluene, and ammonia. For example:
o Based on an employee recommendation, a paint and coating manufacturing
facility reformulated a number of products to reduce its toluene usage. fClick
to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
Fabricated metal producers applied green chemistry techniques to reduce their usage of
metals including lead, nickel, and chromium. For example:
o A metal forming and laser cutting facility used enhanced process monitoring
and quality control to improve its resource utilization and reduce the scrap
metal (containing nickell generated. fClick to view facility details in the P2
Tooll
Transportation equipment manufacturers used green chemistry to reduce or eliminate
their usage of chromium, nickel, and lead. For example:
o A motor vehicle electronics manufacturer replaced leaded product lines with
non-leaded lines, reducing its amount of lead waste managed. fClick to view
facility details in the P2 Tooll
Additional Resources
Source reduction activities such as green chemistry are the preferred way to reduce formation
of chemical wastes. Find more information on green chemistry using these resources:
EPA's TRI Pollution Prevention fP21 Olik Dashboard to find green chemistry examples for
a specific chemical and/or industry.
EPA's Green Chemistry program for information about green chemistry and EPA's efforts
to facilitate its adoption.
EPA's Safer Choice program for information about consumer products with lower hazard.
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For more details on the types of green chemistry activities reported to TRI and trends in
green chemistry reporting, see The Utility of the Toxics Release Inventory CTRI) in
Tracking Implementation and Environmental Impact of Industrial Green Chemistry
Practices in the United States. I!
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Reported Barriers to Source Reduction
Facilities that did not implement new source reduction activities for a TRI chemical have the
option to disclose any barriers that prevented them from implementing source reduction. Since
2014, TRI reporting forms include barrier codes, which enable reporting and analysis of
obstacles that facilities may be experiencing. This figure shows the types of barriers that
facilities reported for metals and for all other (non-metal) TRI chemicals.
Barriers to Source Reduction Reported for Metals and All
Other Chemicals, 2014 - 2018
(O
-Q
T3
CD
+j
k_
O
Q.
CD
ฃ
CD
U
&_
CD
Q.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Metals
I Source reduction unsuccessful
Regulatory barriers
I Insufficient capital
I Further source reduction not feasible
I No known substitutes
Non-metals
I Technical information needed
I Reduction not technically feasible
I Product quality concerns
I Other barriers
Note: Facilities report barriers to source reduction by selecting from nine codes that describe possible barriers. These codes are
defined in the TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions.
From 2014 to 2018:
Facilities reported barriers to source reduction for 333 chemicals and chemical
categories. Analyzing the source reduction barriers reported to TRI helps identify where
more research is needed, for example, to address technological challenges or promote
development of viable alternatives. It may also allow for better communication between
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those that have knowledge of source reduction practices and those that are seeking
additional help.
The most frequently reported barriers for both metals and non-metals were no known
substitutes or alternative technologies and further source reduction not feasible. This
excludes other barriers, a catch-all category available to facilities.
While no known substitutes was the most frequently reported barrier for both metals
and non-metals, it accounted for almost half (47%) of the barriers reported for metals
but made up a smaller portion (37%) of barriers reported for non-metals.
For the no known substitutes barrier for metals, many facilities reported the presence of
the TRI metal in their raw materials (e.g., metal alloys) as the reason they did not
implement source reduction activities. Examples include:
o A sign manufacturer reported that the prime aluminum and magnesium they use
in production contains trace amounts of lead as an undesirable impurity. fClick to
view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
o An iron and steel mill noted that manganese is used in steel production to
comply with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, so
they are unable to reduce their use of this chemical. fClick to view facility details
in the P2 Tooll
Further source reduction not feasible was another commonly reported barrier, especially
for non-metals. Facilities select this barrier code when additional reductions do not
appear feasible. For example:
o A plastic product manufacturing facility implemented a recirculation system for
bulk storage and an accurate metering system related to its stvrene usage.
Further reductions could be realized with the implementation of a robotic
application process, but the facility reported insufficient capital to install such
equipment. fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tooll
You can view barriers reported for any TRI chemical bv using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
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Source Reduction Activities by Chemical
For the chemicals with the highest source reduction reporting rates over the last 5 years, this
figure shows the number and types of activities implemented.
Newly Implemented Source Reduction Activities by Chemical, 2014-2018
Good Operating Practices
I Spill and Leak Prevention
I Inventory Control
I Surface Preparation and Finishing
Process Modifications
Raw Material Modifications
I Product Modifications
I Cleaning and Degreasing
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Styrene
Antimony and Antimony
Compounds
Dichloromethane
Trichloroethylene
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Note: 1) Limited to chemicals with at least 100 reports of source reduction activities from 2014-2018. 2) Facilities report their
source reduction activities by selecting codes that describe their activities. These codes fall into one of eight categories listed in the
graph and are defined in the TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions.
From 2014 to 2018:
TRI facilities reported 28,951 source reduction activities for 267 chemicals and chemical
categories.
Chemicals with the highest source reduction reporting rates were: stvrene. antimony
and antimony compounds, dichloromethane (DCM, also known as methylene chloride),
trichloroethylene. and dit^-ethvlhexvnphthalate.
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The type of source reduction activity implemented for these chemicals varied depending
on their use in industrial operations and the chemical's characteristics. For example:
o Raw material modifications is commonly reported as a source reduction
activity to reduce waste of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer;
styrene, a chemical used to make plastics such as polystyrene; and antimony
compounds which are used in electronics, batteries, and as a component of fire
retardants.
o Cleaning and degreasing, including changing to aqueous cleaners, is
implemented for industrial solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE).
o Process modifications, including optimizing reaction conditions and modifying
equipment, layout, or piping, can help reduce the amount of solvents such as
dichloromethane (DCM) needed for a process.
Facilities may also report additional details to TRI about their source reduction, recycling, or
pollution control activities in an optional text field of the TRI reporting form.
Examples of optional source reduction information for 2018:
Stvrene: A boat manufacturer optimized the efficient use of styrene by adding
equipment to conduct some molding operations under closed conditions. I"Click to view
facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
Dichloromethane: A paint and coating manufacturer was able to reduce its releases of
dichloromethane by implementing product reformulation identified through participative
team management. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 Tooll
Trichloroethylene: A metal stamping facility purchased and installed a new vacuum
vapor degreaser to reduce its trichloroethylene releases. fClick to view facility details in
the P2 Tooll
Dir2-ethvlhexvnphthalate: A resin compounding facility substituted DEHP with other
plasticizer(s). fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tooll
Antimony Compounds: An automobile parts manufacturer is moving away from PVC
materials which use antimony trioxide as a fire retardant to thermoplastic polyolefin
(TPO)-type materials to meet customer demands. The facility continues to test
alternative fire retardants to use in its products. fClick to view facility details in the P2
Tooll
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You can compare facilities^ waste management methods and trends for any TRI chemical bv
using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
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Source Reduction Activities by industry
For the industries with the highest source reduction reporting rates over the last 5 years, this
figure shows the number and types of activities these sectors implemented.
Newly Implemented Source Reduction Activities by Industry, 2014-2018
Good Operating Practices
I Spill and Leak Prevention
I Inventory Control
I Surface Preparation and Finishing
Process Modifications
Raw Material Modifications
I Product Modifications
I Cleaning and Degreasing
2,000
1,600
Plastics and Rubber
Computers and
Electronic Products
Miscellaneous
Manufacturing
Textiles
Printing
Note: Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting codes that describe their activities. These codes fall into one of eight categories
listed in the graph legend and are defined in the TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions.
From 2014 to 2018:
The five industry sectors with the highest source reduction reporting rates were plastics
and rubber, computers and electronic products, miscellaneous manufacturing (e.g.,
medical equipment), textiles, and printing.
For most sectors, "Good operating practices" was the most frequently reported type of
source reduction activity. Other commonly reported source reduction activities varied by
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sector. For example, computers and electronic products manufacturers frequently
reported modifications to their raw materials and products, often associated with the
elimination of lead-based solder.
Facilities may also report additional details to TRI about their source reduction or waste
management activities, as shown in the following examples.
Examples of optional source reduction information for 2018:
Plastics and Rubber: A plastics and resin manufacturing facility reformulated its liquid
polyester resin to a zero-styrene alternative resin, and reformulated its sheet molding
compounds resin to use raw materials with lower quantities of styrene. fClick to view
facility details in the P2 Tool!
Computers and Electronic Products: A printed circuit board manufacturing facility
began offering alternative product finishes to customers in order to offset the use of
lead finish in its product. The facility also changed product specifications to minimize
the amount of rework required in production, further reducing unnecessary use of lead
for metal coating. fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tool!
Miscellaneous Manufacturing: A surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
facility purchased raw materials shaped more similarly to final products to reduce its
chromium-containing stainless steel scrap. fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tool!
Printing: A gravure printer reduced toluene use through paint scrap tracking and paint
reuse programs. fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tool!
Textiles: A carpet and rug mill implemented raw material modifications and reduced its
cobalt and copper compounds releases by using a different type of yarn. fClick to view
facility details in the P2 Tool!
You can view all reported pollution prevention activities and compare facilities' waste
management methods and trends for any TRI chemical bv using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
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Waste Management Trends
Facilities report to TRI the quantities of TRI-listed chemicals that they dispose of or otherwise
release to the environment as a result of normal industrial operations. In addition, facilities
report the quantities of these chemicals that they manage through preferred methods including
recycling, combusting for energy recovery, and treating for destruction. This figure shows the
trend in these quantities, collectively referred to as production-related waste managed.
Production-Related Waste Managed, 2007-2018
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment
Energy Recovery Recycling
0 Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed decreased during the recession. Since 2009,
production-related waste managed has generally been increasing as the U.S. economy
has improved.
Since 2007, production-related waste managed increased by 6.8 billion pounds (28%).
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o Disposal and other releases decreased by 466 million pounds (-11%).
o Treatment decreased by 707 million pounds (-9%).
o Energy recovery increased by 194 million pounds (7%).
o Recycling increased by 7.8 billion pounds (86%), a trend largely driven by two
plastics manufacturing facilities reporting billions of pounds of dichloromethane
recycled and one petrochemical manufacturing facility reporting over 3.4 billion
pounds of cumene recycled each year from 2014-2018.
The number of facilities that report to TRI has declined by 8% since 2007. Reasons for
this decrease include facility closures, outsourcing of operations to other countries, and
facilities reducing their manufacture, processing, or other use of TRI-listed chemicals
below the reporting thresholds.
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Production-Related Waste Managed by Chemical
This figure shows the chemicals that were managed as waste in the greatest quantities from
2007 to 2018.
Production-Related Waste Managed by Chemical
35,000
30,000
25,000
o 20,000
o 15,000
10,000
5,000
METHANOL
ICUMENE
I DICHLOROMETHANE
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
I LEAD AND LEAD COMPOUNDS
TOLUENE
I ZINC AND ZINC COMPOUNDS
ETHYLENE
I COPPER AND COPPER COMPOUNDS
I All Others
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Facilities reported production-related waste managed for 546 chemicals and chemical
categories from 2007 to 2018. The nine chemicals for which facilities reported the most
production-related waste managed, shown above, represent 50% of the total
production-related waste reported.
The reported quantities of most of the top chemicals contributing to production-related
waste managed have remained relatively constant since 2007.
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January 2020
Of the chemicals shown above, facilities reported increased quantities of waste managed
for: dichloromethane. lead and lead compounds, cumene. and ethylene.
o Production-related waste of lead and lead compounds increased by 21%.
o Cumene waste managed increased eight-fold, mostly driven by one facility
reporting over 3.4 billion pounds of cumene recycled annually during 2014-2018.
TCIick to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
From 2017 to 2018:
Facilities reported decreases in waste management quantities for these chemicals:
o Lead and lead compounds decreased by 117 million pounds (-8%)
o Toluene decreased by 70.0 million pounds (-4%)
o Hydrochloric acid decreased by 42.2 million pounds (-4%)
o Cumene decreased by 37.8 million pounds (-1%)
o Zinc and zinc compounds decreased by 27.4 million pounds (-2%)
Dichloromethane waste managed increased by 1.8 billion pounds (112%), mostly driven
by one plastic manufacturing facility reporting 2.0 billion pounds of the chemical
recycled in 2018 and no recycling of dichloromethane in prior years. I"Click to view
facility details in the Pollution Prevention fP21 Tooll
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Production-Related Waste Managed by Industry
This figure shows the industry sectors that managed the most waste from 2007 to 2018.
Production-Related Waste Managed by Industry
I All Others
I Paper Manufacturing
I Primary Metals
Petroleum Products Manufacturing ฆ Food Manufacturing
I Metal Mining Electric Utilities
Chemical Manufacturing
30,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
The percent contribution of each of the top sectors to production-related waste
managed has remained relatively constant since 2007.
Of the sectors shown in the graph, four increased their quantity of waste managed:
o Chemical manufacturing increased by 7 billion pounds (71%)
o Metal mining increased by 601 million pounds (47%)
o Food manufacturing increased by 553 million pounds (55%)
o Petroleum products manufacturing increased by 203 million pounds (17%)
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The quantity of waste generated in some industries fluctuates considerably from year to
year, due to changes in production or other factors. For example, quantities of waste
managed reported by metal mining facilities can change significantly based on
differences in the composition of waste rock.
From 2017 to 2018:
Industry sectors with the greatest reported changes in waste management quantities
were:
o Chemical manufacturing increased by 2.5 billion pounds (16%)
o Petroleum products manufacturing increased by 175 million pounds (8%)
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Waste Management by Parent Company
Facilities that report to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) provide information on their parent
company. For TRI reporting purposes, the parent company is the highest-level company located
in the United States. This figure shows the parent companies whose facilities reported the most
production-related waste managed for 2018. Facilities outside of the manufacturing sector, such
as electric utilities and coal and metal mines, are not included in this chart because those
sectors' activities do not lend themselves to the same types or degree of source reduction
opportunities as the activities at manufacturing facilities.
Note that almost all of these companies are largely managing their waste through EPA's
preferred waste management methods-recycling, energy recovery, or treatment-rather than
releasing it to the environment.
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Production-Related Waste Managed by Parent Company
Sabic US Holdings LP
1 1
2018
2017
Advansix Inc
2018
2017
DowDuPont Inc
2018
2017
Incobrasa Industries Ltd
2018
2017
PBF Energy Inc
2018
2017
Koch Industries Inc
2018
2017
IHHI
Bridgestone Americas Inc
2018
2017
Syngenta Corp
2018
2017
BASF Corp
2018
2017
Honeywell International Inc
2018
2017
0 12 3 4
Billions of Pounds
ฆ Disposal or Other Releases ฆ Treatment ฆ Energy Recovery ฆ Recycling
Notes: 1) This figure uses EPA's standardized parent name. 2) To view facility counts by parent in 2017 or 2018, mouse over the bar graph. 3) One facility, incobrasa
Industries Ltd, does not report a parent company but it is included in this figure because it has a comparable quantity of production-related waste managed. 4) For 2017, ten
facilities submitted subsidiaries or variations of Bridgestone Americas, Inc. as their parent company and for 2018, these facilities were standardized under the Bridgestone
Americas parent company.
These parent companies'TRI-reporting facilities operate in the following industry sectors:
Chemical manufacturing: Advansix Inc, DowDuPont Inc, BASF Corp, Syngenta Corp,
Honeywell International Inc, Sabic US Holdings LP
Soybean processing: Incobrasa Industries Ltd
Multiple sectors, e.g. pulp and paper, petroleum refining, and chemicals: Koch
Industries Inc
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Tires and rubber products: Bridgestone Americas Inc
Petroleum refining: PBF Energy Inc
Six of these top parent companies reported implementing new source reduction activities in
2018. Some of these companies reported additional (optional) descriptive information to TRI
about their pollution prevention or waste management activities.
Examples of additional pollution prevention-related information for 2018:
A DowDuPont plastics and resin manufacturing facility replaced a process tank and
connected the new tank to an air pollution control device to reduce releases of
chemicals including acrvlonitrile. I"Click to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention
TP21 Tool!
A wood product manufacturing facility owned by Koch Industries upgraded a wastewater
treatment system to reduce releases of ammonia in wastewater, and diverted a portion
of the previously treated wastewater for energy recovery. I"Click to view facility details in
the P2 Tooll
To conduct a similar type of parent company comparison for a given sector, chemical, or
geographic location, use the TRI P2 Search Tool.
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January 2020
Source Reduction Activities by Parent Company
This figure shows the parent companies whose facilities implemented the most source reduction
activities during 2018. Facilities outside of the manufacturing sector, such as electric utilities
and coal and metal mines, are not included in this chart because those sectors' activities do not
lend themselves to the same source reduction opportunities as the activities at manufacturing
facilities. For example, metal mining involves moving large volumes of earth from below ground
or from a mining pit to the surface, to get to the target metal ore. This activity, which metal
mines report as a release of TRI chemicals, is inherent in mining operations.
Facilities report their source reduction activities by selecting codes that describe their activities.
These codes fall into one of eight categories listed in the graph legend and are defined in the
TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions.
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January 2020
Source Reduction Activities for Top Parent Companies
3M Co
2018
2017
Berkshire Hathaway Inc
2018
2017
Shell Oil Co
2018
2017
Axalta Coating Systems LLC
2018
2017
Nucor Corp
2018
2017
Superior Essex Inc
2018
2017
Lyondellbasell Industries
2018
2017
Exxon Mobil Corp
2018
2017
Ergon Inc
2018
2017
CCL Industries Corp
2018
2017
20 40 60 80
Number of Source Reduction Activities Reported
100
120
Good Operating Practices
I Spill and Leak Prevention
I Inventory Control
I Cleaning and Degreasing
Process Modifications
Raw Material Modifications
I Product Modifications
I Surface Preparation and Finishing
Notes: 1) This figure uses EPA's standardized parent company names. 2) The increases by Ergon, Inc are driven by the
acquisition of two facilities whose source reduction activities for 2017 are under their former parent company. 3) For 2017, 13
facilities reported subsidiaries of Shell Oil Company as their parent companies; for 2018 the parent company for these facilities
was standardized to Shell Oil Company. 4) To view facility counts by parent in 2017 or 2018, mouse over the bar graph.
These parent companies' facilities primarily operate in the following industries:
Chemical manufacturing: 3M Co, Axalta Coating Systems, Lyondellbasell Industries
Multiple sectors: Berkshire Hathaway Inc, Ergon Inc
Steel manufacturing: Nucor Corp
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January 2020
Wire and cable manufacturing: Superior Essex Inc
Metal containers: CCL Industries Corp
Petroleum products manufacturing: Shell Oil Co, Exxon Mobil Corp
Good operating practices, such as improving maintenance scheduling and installation of quality
monitoring systems, are the most commonly reported types of source reduction activities for
these parent companies. Spill and leak prevention and process modifications are also commonly
reported.
Some of these parent companies submitted additional optional text on their TRI reporting forms
describing their pollution prevention or waste management activities.
Examples of additional pollution prevention-related information for 2018:
A Nucor facility began using a new primer paint coating containing less certain glycol
ethers to reduce its releases of the chemical. fClick to view facility details in the Pollution
Prevention rP21 Tooll
A 3M facility implemented procedures to prevent spilling or leakage of boron trifluoride
by improving maintenance and inspection requirements for its outdoor storage tanks.
fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tooll
You can find P2 activities reported bv a specific parent company and compare facilities' waste
management methods and trends for any TRI chemical bv using the TRI P2 Search Tool.
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Releases of Chemicals
Releases or disposal of chemical waste into the environment occur in several ways. Facilities
may release chemical waste into the air or water or dispose of it on land, per EPA regulatory
requirements. Facilities may also ship (transfer) wastes that contain TRI chemicals to an off-site
location for treatment or disposal. Release and disposal practices are subject to a variety of
regulatory requirements designed to minimize potential exposure or harm to human health and
the environment. To learn more about what EPA is doing to help limit the release of TRI
chemicals into the environment, see the EPA laws and regulations webpaae.
Evaluating releases of TRI-listed chemicals can help identify potential concerns and gain a
better understanding of potential risks the releases may pose. This evaluation can also help
identify priorities and opportunities for government and communities to work with industry to
reduce chemical releases and potential associated risks. However, it is important to consider
that the quantity of releases is not necessarily an indicator of health impacts posed by the
chemicals. Human health risks resulting from exposure to TRI chemicals are determined by
many factors, as discussed further in the Hazard and Potential
Risk of TRI Chemicals section.
Many factors can affect trends in releases at facilities, including
production rates, management practices, the composition of raw
materials used, and the installation of control technologies.
As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when
reading about or using the TRI data. Key factors associated with
data presented are summarized in the Introduction. For more
information see Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release
Inventory Data. Also note that the list of TRI chemicals has
changed over the years. For comparability, trend graphs include
only those chemicals that were reportable for all years presented. Figures and text that focus
only on the year 2018 include all chemicals reportable for 2018, therefore, values for a 2018-
only analysis may differ slightly from results for 2018 in a trend analysis.
The following graph shows the total disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals (also referred
to as "total releases"), including on-site disposal to land, discharges to water, and releases to
air, and off-site transfers for disposal or release.
vvEPA
Helpful Concepts
What is a release?
In the context of TRI, a "release"
of a chemical generally refers to a
chemical that is emitted to the air,
discharged to water, or disposed
of in some type of land disposal
unit. The vast majority of TRI
releases occur in the course of
routine production operations at
the facility.
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o
CL
o
to
c
o
5,000
Total Disposal or Other Releases
30
20
-i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
i On-site Land Disposal
Reporting Facilities
i On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
10 !S
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9%.
o Excluding the metal mining sector, releases decreased by 34%.
o Reduced hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions, such as hydrochloric acid.
from electric utilities were the most significant contributor to the decline, with
additional air emission reductions from the chemical and paper manufacturing
sectors.
Air releases decreased 56%, surface water discharges decreased 18%, and off-site
disposal decreased 22%.
The number of facilities reporting to the TRI Program declined by 8% overall, although
the count has remained relatively steady since 2010.
From 2017 to 2018:
Total disposal or other releases decreased by 3%.
o On-site land disposal decreased by 6%, which is the main driver for the decrease
in total releases. There was little change in on-site air releases or on-site surface
water discharges, while off-site disposal increased by 11%.
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Releases in 2018
Use the interactive chart below to explore how total releases of chemicals that occurred in 2018
are associated with different industry sectors, specific chemicals, and geographies. Visit the full
TRI National Analysis Olik dashboard to explore even more information about releases of
chemicals.
No selections applied
//
Wr Industry
Chemical
State/Territory
Total Disposal or Other Releases, 2018
3.80 billion pounds
Off-site Disposal or_
Other Releases:
11%
On-site Land Disposal:
63%
On-site Air Releases:
16%
On-site Surface Walter
Discharges:
5%
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February 2020
Releases by Chemical
Release quantities of 8 chemicals comprised 75% of total releases.
vvEPA
Total Disposal and Other Releases by Chemical, 2018
3.80 billion pounds
All Others:
25%
Lead:
22%
Ammonia:
4%
Arsenic:
5%
Manganese:
8%
Copper:
5% .
Barium:
Compounds:
Note: In this figure, metals are combined with their metal compounds, although metals and compounds of the same metal are
listed separately on the TRI list (e.g. lead is listed separately from lead compounds).
Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
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Releases by Industry
The metal mining sector accounted for 47% of releases (1.80 billion pounds), which were
primarily in the form of on-site land disposal. Learn more about this sector in the Metal Mining
profile.
Total Disposal or Other Releases by Industry, 2018
3.80 billion pounds
All Others: 9%
Food I
Manufacturing: 4%
Paper
Manufacturing: 4%
Hazardous Waste
Management: 4%
Primary Metals:
9%
Electric Utilities: .
9%
Chemical
Manufacturing
Metal Mining: 47%
14%
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Hazard and Potential Risk of TRI Chemicals
The data collected and made publicly available in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) on the
quantities of chemical waste released to the environment from industrial and federal facilities
throughout the US is measured in pounds. Pounds of releases, however, is not necessarily an
indicator of health impacts posed by the chemicals, as described in EPA's Factors to Consider
When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data. Although TRI data generally cannot indicate to
what extent individuals have been exposed to chemicals, TRI can be used as a starting point to
evaluate exposure and potential risks TRI chemicals pose to human health and the
environment.
The health risks resulting from exposure to chemicals are determined by many factors, as
shown in the figure below. TRI contains some of this information, including what chemicals are
released from industrial facilities; the amount of each chemical released; and the amounts
released to air, water, and land.
Overview of Factors that Influence Risk
TRI Air Inhalation Chemical Individual Exposed
Non-TRI Water Ingestion Concentration Timing of Exposure
Land Dermal Chemical Duration of Exposure
Properties
It is important to keep in mind that while TRI includes information on many chemicals used by
industry, it does not cover all facilities, all chemicals, or all
sources of TRI chemicals in communities. There are other
potential sources not tracked by TRI such as exhaust from
cars and trucks, chemicals in consumer products, and
chemical residues in food and water.
To provide context on the relative hazard and potential for
risks posed by certain waste management activities of TRI
chemicals (e.g., from releases to the environment), the TRI
Program uses EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators
fRSED model.
RSEI is a screening-level, multi-media model that incorporates TRI information together with
risk factor concepts to assess the potential chronic human health impacts of TRI chemicals.
vvEPA
Helpful Concepts
The hazard of a chemical is its
inherent ability to cause an adverse
health effect(s) (e.g., cancer, birth
defects).
The likelihood that a toxic chemical
will cause an adverse health effect
following its release into the
environment is often referred to as
risk. Risk is a function of hazard and
exposure.
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RSEI includes TRI data for on-site releases to air and water, transfers to Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs), and transfers for off-site incineration. RSEI does not currently
model other TRI-reported waste management activities and release pathways, such as those
associated with land disposal.
RSEI produces hazard estimates and unitless risk
"scores," which represent relative risks to human health
following chronic exposure to a TRI chemical. Each type
of result can be compared to other results of the same
type.
RSEI hazard estimates consist of the pounds
released multiplied by the chemical's toxicity
weight. They do not include any exposure
modeling or population estimates.
A RSEI risk score is an estimate of potential risk
to human health. It is a unitless value that accounts for the magnitude of the release
quantity of a chemical, the fate and transport of the chemical throughout the
environment, the size and locations of potentially exposed populations, and the
chemical's inherent toxicity.
Note that RSEI is not a stand-alone source of information for making conclusions or decisions
about the risks posed by any particular facility or environmental release of a TRI chemical. RSEI
does not produce a formal risk assessment, and RSEI results should not be used to determine
whether a facility is in compliance with federal or state regulations. RSEI results should only be
used for screening-level activities such as trend analyses that compare potential relative risks
from year to year, or ranking and prioritizing chemicals, industry sectors, or geographic regions
for strategic planning. RSEI can be used, however, in conjunction with other data sources and
information, to help policy makers, researchers, and communities establish priorities for further
investigation and to look at changes in potential human health impacts over time.
vvEPA
RSEI: Risk-Screening
Environmental Indicators
RSEI results consider more than just
chemical quantities released.
RSEI hazard results also
consider:
o Toxicity of the chemical
RSEI scores also consider:
o Location of releases
o Toxicity of the chemical
o Environmental fate and
transport
o Human exposure pathway
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Hazard Trend
RSEI hazard estimates provide greater insight on the potential impacts of TRI chemical releases
than consideration of TRI release quantities alone. RSEI hazard considers the amounts of
chemicals released on site to air and water by TRI facilities or transferred off site to Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) or incinerators, multiplied by the toxicity weight of the
chemicals. The following graph shows the trend in RSEI hazard compared to the trend in the
corresponding pounds of TRI chemical releases.
vvEPA
RSEI Hazard and Corresponding Releases
ฃ
O
35
30
25
= 20
I
H
i15
ru
N
CD
X 10
5
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
2,500
2,000
ฃ
O
1,500 =
1,000 1
o
Q.
500
Air Releases (Hazard) Water Releases (Hazard) Transfers to POTWs (Hazard)
I Off-site Incineration (Hazard)^^ปMillions of Pounds Released
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
The overall RSEI hazard estimate decreased by 58%, while corresponding pounds
released decreased by 41%. Thus, in recent years, TRI-reporting facilities are not only
releasing fewer pounds of TRI chemicals, they may be releasing proportionally fewer
pounds of the more toxic TRI chemicals relative to the less toxic TRI chemicals.
The decrease in the hazard estimate from 2008 to 2009 was driven by a large decrease
in chromium releases to air from three facilities.
The increase in the hazard estimate from 2017 to 2018 was driven by large fugitive air
releases of chromium at one facility and large off-site transfers to incineration of
hydrazine and nitroglycerin by two other facilities.
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Risk-Screening Trend
EPA's RSEI model also estimates risk "scores" that represent relative human health risk from
chronic exposure to TRI chemicals. These risk scores can be compared to RSEI-generated risk
scores from other years. RSEI scores are different from RSEI hazard estimates in that RSEI
scores consider the location of the release, chemical fate and transport throughout the
environment, and the route and extent of potential human exposure. The following graph
shows the trend in the RSEI score compared to the trend in the corresponding pounds of TRI
chemical releases.
vvEPA
1,200
1,000
ฃ 800
o
600
o
& 400
RSEI Score and Corresponding Releases
2,500
2,000
ฃ
O
200
1,500 =
1,000 I
o
Q.
500
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Air Releases (Score) Water Releases (Score) Transfers to POTWs (Score)
I Off-site Incineration (Score) ^^^Millions of Pounds Released
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
The overall RSEI score estimate decreased by 36%, while corresponding pounds
released decreased by 41%.
Of the types of releases modeled by RSEI, air releases, by far, contributed the most to
the RSEI scores.
The increase in RSEI score from 2017 to 2018 was driven by increases in reported
fugitive air emissions of chromium and chromium compounds from two facilities located
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in Houston, Texas and Ocala, Florida, as well as a facility that reported a large stack air
release of ethylene oxide for the first time in Jacksonville, Florida.
vvEPA
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RSEI Dashboard
Use the EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators fRSED EasvRSEI dashboard to
view the national trend in RSEI hazard and RSEI score, or use the Dashboard's filter
capabilities to view RSEI information for a specific chemical or location of interest.
vvEPA
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Air Releases
Air emissions reported to TRI continue to decline, serving as a primary driver of decreased total
releases. Air releases include both fugitive air emissions and stack air emissions. This graph
shows the trend in the pounds of chemicals released to air. Air emissions are regulated by EPA
under the Clean Air Act.
Air Releases (Pounds Released) ฎ Pounds Released
o RSEI Score
ฆ Fugitive Air Emissions ฆ Stack Air Emissions
(0
T3
O
Q.
O
(0
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
II
ฆ ฆ ฆ
II
ฆ ฆ
II
ฆ ฆ
111
ฆ ฆ ฆ
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Air releases declined significantly, serving as a primary driver of decreases in total
releases.
Air releases decreased by 56% (755 million pounds).
o Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hvdroaen fluoride, methanol, toluene, and
stvrene were the chemicals with the greatest reductions in air releases since
2007.
o The decrease was driven by electric utilities due to: decreased emissions of
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) such as hydrochloric acid; a shift from coal to
other fuel sources (e.g., natural gas); and the installation of control technologies
at coal-fired power plants.
o Electric utilities accounted for 93% of nationwide reductions in air releases of
hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid from 2007 to 2018.
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February 2020
ฆ Note that only those electric utilities that combust coal or oil to generate
power for distribution into commerce are covered under TRI reporting
requirements. Therefore, electric utilities that shift from combusting coal
or oil to entirely using other fuel sources (such as natural gas) no longer
report to TRI.
Air releases of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) carcinogens also
decreased; see the Air Releases of OSHA Carcinogens figure.
For trends in air releases of other chemicals of special concern, including lead
and mercury, see the Chemicals of Special Concern section.
Air releases are regulated by EPA under the Clean Air Act, which requires major sources
of air pollutants to obtain and comply with an operating permit.
In 2018:
Ammonia, followed by methanol, accounted for the greatest air releases of TRI
chemicals.
Air releases decreased by less than one percent since 2017.
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This graph shows the trend in the RSEI Scores for TRI air releases.
Air Releases (RSEI Score)
1,200
1,000
O 800
a; 600
o
o
to
tO
DC
400
200
Fugitive Air Releases
] Stack Air Releases
III
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
The top chemicals by RSEI score for air releases were chromium and ethylene oxide.
The increase in RSEI score from 2017 to 2018 was driven by increases in reported
fugitive air emissions of chromium and chromium compounds from two facilities located
in Houston, Texas and Ocala, Florida, as well as a facility that reported a large stack air
release of ethylene oxide for the first time in Jacksonville, Florida.
Stack air releases tend to contribute relatively less to the RSEI score than fugitive air
releases. This is because chemicals released through stacks tend to get dispersed over a
wider area than fugitive air releases, resulting in lower average concentrations, and
therewith, lower potential for population exposure.
For a complete, step-by-step description of how RSEI models air releases and derives
RSEI Scores from stack air emissions and fugitive air emissions, see "Section 5.3
Modeling Air Releases" in Chapter 5 ("Exposure and Population Modeling") of EPA's Risk-
Screening Environmental Indicators fRSED Methodology. RSEI Version 2.3.6.
For general information on how RSEI Scores are estimated, see Hazard and Potential
Risk of TRI Chemicals.
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Air Releases by Chemical
This pie chart shows which TRI chemicals were released to air in the greatest quantities during
2018.
On-site Air Releases by Chemical, 2018
602.02 million pounds Ammonia:
/ 20%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
Facilities manufacturing nitrogen fertilizers accounted for about one third of the air
releases of ammonia reported to TRI for the past five years.
Air releases of methanol were primarily from pulp, paper, and paperboard mills and have
decreased by 24% since 2007.
Air releases of n-hexane were primarily from food manufacturing facilities. Air releases
of n-hexane have increased by 10% since 2007.
Thirty-three percent of hydrochloric acid and 78% of sulfuric acid emissions to air were
reported by facilities in the electric utilities sector. Air releases of these two chemicals
reported to TRI have decreased considerably since 2007. One reason for the decrease in
air releases of these chemicals reported to TRI is the increase in the use of natural gas
vvEPA
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February 2020
as a fuel for electricity generation. Natural gas power plants are not required to report
to TRI.
Air Releases by Industry
This pie chart shows the TRI-covered industry sectors that reported the greatest releases of TRI
chemicals to air during 2018.
vvEPA
Primary Metals
5%
Plastics and
Rubber
5%
Petroleum
Product
Manufacturing
7%
Air Releases by Industry, 2018
602.02 million pounds
All Others
16%
Chemical
Manufacturing
25%
Food
Manufacturing
Paper
Manufacturing
21%
Electric Utilities
14%
Chemical manufacturing, paper manufacturing, and the electric utility sectors accounted
for the greatest releases to air in 2018. Air releases in these three industries each
changed by less than 1% since 2017:
o Chemical manufacturing: 652,000 pound decrease
o Paper manufacturing: 423,000 pound increase
o Electric utilities: 336,000 pound decrease
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Water Releases
Facilities are required to report the quantity of Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals they
release to receiving streams or other water bodies. Surface water discharges are often
regulated by other programs and require permits such as the Clean Water Act National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System CNRDESI permits. The following graph shows the trend in the
pounds of TRI chemical waste discharged to water bodies.
vvEPA
Surface Water Discharges (ง)Pounds Released
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Surface water discharges decreased by 18% (44 million pounds). Most of this decline
was due to reduced releases of nitrate compounds to water.
o Nitrate compounds are often formed as byproducts during wastewater treatment
processes such as when nitric acid is neutralized, or when nitrification takes
place to meet standards under EPA's effluent guidelines. Nitrate compounds are
released to water in quantities that are larger than any other TRI chemical
released to water.
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In 2018:
Nitrate compounds alone accounted for 89% of the total quantity of all TRI chemicals
discharged to surface waters.
vvEPA
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The following graph shows the trend in the RSEI Scores for TRI chemicals released to water
bodies.
Surface Water Discharges (RSEI Score) fj pounds Released
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
The biggest contributor to RSEI water scores from 2007 to 2018 was arsenic
compounds. For 2018, the largest contributor to RSEI water scores was mercury
compounds.
The increase in the RSEI score from 2017 to 2018 was due to an overall increase in
surface water discharges of TRI chemicals, and also large releases to water of mercury
from the Chemours Starke facility in Starke, Florida. fClick to view facility details in the
P2 tooll
The high RSEI score for water discharges in 2008 includes a large one-time release of
arsenic compounds due to a coal fly ash slurry spill, and a release of benzidine, which
has a relatively high toxicity.
For a complete, step-by-step description of how RSEI derives RSEI Scores from surface
water discharges of TRI chemicals see "Section 5.4 Modeling Surface Water Releases" in
Chapter 5 ("Exposure and Population Modeling") of EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental
Indicators fRSED Methodology. RSEI Version 2.3.6.
vvEPA
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For general information on how RSEI Scores are estimated, see Hazard and Potential
Risk of TRI Chemicals.
vvEPA
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Water Releases by Chemical
This pie chart shows which TRI-listed chemicals were released to water bodies in the greatest
quantities during 2018.
vvEPA
Water Releases by Chemical, 2018
195.31 million pounds
21%
22%
All Others
Sodium Nitrite
Manganese
Nitric Acid
ฆ Ammonia
Zinc
Methanol
Note: In this chart, metals are combined with their metal compounds, although metals and compounds of the
same metal are listed separately on the TRI list (e.g. lead is listed separately from lead compounds).
Nitrate compounds accounted for 89% of the total quantity of TRI chemicals released to
water in 2018. Nitrate compounds are soluble in water and commonly formed as part of
facilities' on-site wastewater treatment processes. The food manufacturing sector
contributed 40% of total nitrate compound releases to water, due to the treatment
required for large quantities of biological materials in wastewaters from meat processing
facilities.
o While nitrate compounds are less toxic to humans than many other TRI
chemicals, in nitrogen-limited waters, nitrates have the potential to cause
increased algal growth leading to eutrophication in the aquatic environment. See
EPA's Nutrient Pollution webpaae for more information about the issue of
eutrophication.
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Manganese and manganese compounds, ammonia, and methanol were the next most
commonly released chemicals, and, in terms of combined mass quantities, accounted for
6% of the chemicals released to water.
vvEPA
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Water Releases by Industry
This pie chart shows the TRI-covered industry sectors that reported the greatest releases of TRI
chemicals to water bodies during 2018.
vvEPA
Water Releases by Industry, 2018
195.31 million pounds
All Others: 12%
Paper
Manufacturing 9%
Primary Metals: 13%
Chemical
Manufacturing 14%
Food Manufacturing
36%
V Petroleum Product
Manufacturing 16%
The food manufacturing sector accounted for 36% of the total quantities of TRI
chemicals released to water during 2018, which was similar to its contribution over the
past 10 years.
o Nitrate compounds accounted for 99% of the total quantities of TRI chemicals
released to water from the food manufacturing sector. Nitrate compounds are
relatively less toxic to humans than many other TRI chemicals discharged to
surface waters but are formed in large quantities by this sector during
wastewater treatment processes due to the high biological content of
wastewater.
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Land Disposal
This graph shows the trend in chemicals reported to TRI as disposed of to land. The metal
mining sector accounts for most of the TRI chemical quantities disposed of to land. Disposal of
chemicals to land is often regulated by EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
fRCRA\
vvEPA
3,000
ฆS 2,000
c
3
O
O.
c
.9 1,000
On-site Land Disposal
@ Land Disposal, All Sectors
(_) Land Disposal, Excluding Metal Mining
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
ฆ All Other Land Disposal ฆ RCRA Subtitle C Disposal ฆ Underground Injection
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
On-site land disposal increased by 28% (from 2.0 to 2.6 billion pounds).
Recent fluctuations were primarily due to changes in TRI chemical quantities disposed of
to land on site by metal mines.
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"All Other Land Disposal" in the figure includes
disposal: in landfills and surface impoundments that
are not regulated under RCRA Subtitle C; to soil (land
treatment/application farming); and any other land
disposal. Most of the TRI chemical quantities
reported as "other land disposal" were from the
disposal of waste rock at metal mines.
In 2018:
Land disposal trends are largely driven by the metal
mining sector, which accounted for 70% of land
disposal quantities. Select the "Land Disposal,
Excluding Metal Mining" button to view the land
disposal trend with metal mines excluded from the
analysis.
o Most of the land disposal quantities from the
metal mining sector were made up of either lead compounds (44%) or zinc
compounds (26%).
Metal mining facilities typically handle large volumes of material. In this sector, even a small
change in the chemical composition of the mineral deposit being mined can lead to big changes
in the amount of TRI-listed chemicals reported. In recent years mines have cited changes in
production of waste rock, changes in the chemical composition of waste rock, and the closure
of a heap leach pad as the primary reasons for the reported variability in land disposal of TRI
chemicals. Changes in waste rock composition can have an especially pronounced effect on TRI
reporting because of a regulatory exemption that applies based on a chemical's concentration in
the rock, regardless of total chemical quantities generated.
Regulations require that waste rock, which contains contaminants, be placed in engineered
piles, and may also require that waste rock piles, tailings impoundments, and heap leach pads
be stabilized and re-vegetated to provide for productive post-mining land use.
For more information on the mining industry, see the Metal Mining sector profile.
vvEPA
Helpful Concepts
What is underground injection?
Underground injection involves placing fluids
underground in porous formations through
wells.
What is RCRA Subtitle C disposal?
The RCRA Subtitle C Disposal category in TRI
includes disposal to landfills and surface
impoundments authorized to accept
hazardous waste under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA
design standards include a double liner, a
leachate collection and removal system, and a
leak detection system. Operators must also
comply with RCRA inspection, monitoring, and
release response requirements.
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1,000
800
T3
C
3
q? 600
<4-
O
c
o
= 400
200
0
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total on-site land disposal for all industries other than metal mining decreased by 11%.
The decrease in land disposal for industries other than metal mining was driven by
reduced releases to land from electric utilities and hazardous waste management
facilities.
In 2018:
Excluding on-site land disposal by metal mines, the chemicals disposed of to land in the
largest quantities were: barium and barium compounds (18%), manganese and
manganese compounds (12%), and zinc and zinc compounds (10%).
Excluding on-site land disposal by metal mines, most land disposal was reported by the
chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, hazardous waste management, and primary
metals sectors.
vvEPA
On-site Land Disposal Excluding Metal Mines ฎ>-=nd Disposal, All sectors
Land Disposal, Excluding Metal Mining
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
ฆ Ail Other Land Disposal ฆ RCRA Subtitle C Disposal ฆ Underground Injection
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Land Disposal by Chemical
This pie chart shows the chemicals disposed of to land on site in the greatest quantities during
2018.
On-Site Land Disposal by Chemical, 2018 (ง) Land Disposal, All sectors
2.57 billion pounds Land Disposal, Excluding Metal Mining
vvEPA
Note: In this chart, metals are combined with their metal compounds, although metals and compounds of the
same metal are listed separately on the TRI list (e.g. lead is listed separately from lead compounds). Percentages
may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
The metal mining sector alone was responsible for 95% of the lead and lead compounds and
86% of the zinc and zinc compounds disposed of to land in 2018. Annual fluctuations occur in
land disposal quantities reported by metal mines because even a small change in the chemical
composition of the mineral deposit being mined can lead to big changes in the amount of TRI-
listed chemicals reported nationally.
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On-Site Land Disposal Excluding Metal Mining, by
Chemical Q Larid Disposal, All Sectors
778 million pounds ^ DjSp0sa| Excluding Metal Mining
All Others:
33%
Ammonia
4%
Asbestos
4%
Barium:
18%
Manganese:
12%
Lead:/ Nitrate Copper:
5% Compounds 7%
7%
Note: In this chart, metals are combined with their metal compounds, although metals and compounds of the
same metal are listed separately on the TRI list (e.g. lead is listed separately from lead compounds).
From 2007 to 2018:
Barium: Releases decreased 27%.
Manganese: Releases decreased 17%.
Zinc: Releases decreased 47%.
In 2018:
When the metal mining sector is excluded, a wider variety of chemicals contribute to
most of the land releases. Eight different chemicals, for example, comprised 67% of
land releases, as opposed to three chemicals comprising a comparable 63% of releases
when metal mining is included.
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Land Disposal by Industry
This pie chart shows the TRI-covered industry sectors that reported the greatest quantities of
TRI chemicals disposed of to land on site during 2018.
vvEPA
On-site Land Disposal by Industry, 2018
2.57 billion pounds
Chemical
The metal mining sector accounted for most of the TRI chemicals disposed of to land in
2018, mostly due to chemicals contained in waste rock.
The relative contribution by each industry sector to on-site land disposal has not
changed considerably in recent years.
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Chemicals of Special Concern
In this section, we take a closer look at some Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals that are
of special concern: 1) persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals; and 2) known or
suspected human carcinogens.
Chemicals designated as PBTs are toxic and remain in the environment for a long time where
they tend to build up in the tissue of organisms throughout the food web. These organisms
serve as food sources for other organisms, including humans, that are sensitive to the toxic
effects of PBT chemicals.
Reporting requirements for the 16 chemicals and 5 chemical categories designated as PBTs on
the TRI chemical list for Reporting Year 2018 are more stringent than for other TRI chemicals.
This section focuses on the following PBT chemicals: lead and lead compounds: mercury and
mercury compounds: and dioxin and dioxin-like compounds.
There are also chemicals included on the TRI chemical list that the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) includes on its list of carcinogens. These chemicals also have
more stringent TRI reporting requirements. This section presents the trend in air emissions for
the OSHA carcinogens reported to TRI. A list of these chemicals can be found on the TRI basis
of OSHA carcinogens webpaae.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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Lead Releases Trend
This graph shows the trend in the pounds of lead and lead compounds disposed of or otherwise
released by TRI reporting facilities including metal mines, manufacturing facilities, hazardous
waste management facilities and electric utilities.
V)
T3
C
3
O
O.
V)
c
o
1,250
1,000
Total Disposal or Other Releases of
Lead and Lead Compounds
(ง) All Sectors
0 Excluding Metal Mining
750
500
250
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-Site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
i On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases of lead and lead compounds rose and fell between 2007 and 2018, with an
overall increase of 71%.
The metal mining sector accounts for most of the lead and lead compounds disposed of
on site to land, driving the overall trend. For 2018, for example, metal mines reported
95% of total lead and lead compounds disposed of to land on site.
From 2017 to 2018:
Total releases of lead and lead compounds decreased by 12% (121 million pounds).
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This graph shows the trend in lead and lead compounds disposed of or otherwise released, but
excludes quantities reported by the metal mining sector.
Total Disposal or Other Releases of
Lead and Lead Compounds, Excluding Metal Mining
O All Sectors
(ฃ) Excluding Metal Mining
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2012 2013
Year
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
On-Site Air Releases
I On-site Land Disposal
i On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
From 2007 to 2018:
Among sectors other than metal mining, releases of lead and lead compounds have
decreased by 21% (14.5 million pounds).
Among sectors other than metal mining, most releases of lead and lead compounds
were from the primary metals and hazardous waste management sectors.
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Lead Air Releases Trend
This graph shows the trend in the pounds of lead and lead compounds released to air.
vvEPA
Air Releases of Lead
and Lead Compounds
Inn
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Fugitive Air Emissions ฆ Stack Air Emissions
From 2007 to 2018:
Air releases of lead and lead compounds decreased by 61%. The primary metals and
electric utilities industry sectors have driven this decrease.
The primary metals sector, which includes iron and steel manufacturers and smelting
operations, reported the greatest quantities of releases of lead and lead compounds to
air.
From 2017 to 2018:
Air releases of lead and lead compounds increased by 10%. This is largely due to a
single facility in the primary metals sector. The facility attributed its increase in reported
air releases of lead for 2018 to higher throughput and updated emission factors.
In 2018, 44% of air releases of lead were from the primary metals industry sector.
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Mercury Air Releases Trend
This graph shows the trend in the pounds of mercury and mercury compounds released to air
by TRI reporting facilities.
Air Releases of Mercury and Mercury Compounds
175
150
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Fugitive Air Emissions ฆ Stack Air Emissions
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases of mercury and mercury compounds to air decreased by 71%.
Electric utilities drove the decline in mercury air emissions, with a 90% reduction
(84,000 pounds).
From 2017 to 2018:
Air releases of mercury and mercury compounds decreased by 6%.
The primary metals sector, which includes iron and steel manufacturers and smelting
operations, accounted for 35% of the air emissions of mercury and mercury compounds
reported to TRI for 2017 and 2018.
vvEPA
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Dioxins Releases Trend
This graph shows the trend in the grams of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds disposed of or
otherwise released by TRI-reporting facilities from 2010 to 2018. Note that the dioxins chemical
category is reported to TRI in grams while all other TRI chemicals are reported in pounds. The
TRI reporting requirements for dioxin and dioxin-like compounds changed in reporting year
2010, so for a consistent presentation this graph starts with 2010.
vvEPA
120,000
80,000
u
E
re
u
40,000
Total Disposal or Other Releases, Dioxin
and Dioxin-like Compounds
11 h 11111
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-Site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
i On-site Land Disposal i Total Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds ("dioxins") are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic
chemicals (PBTs) characterized by EPA as probable human carcinogens. Dioxins are the
byproducts of many forms of combustion and several industrial chemical processes.
From 2010 to 2018:
Dioxin releases increased by 136%. This increase was largely driven by three facilities
which together released over 400,000 grams of dioxins between 2010 and 2018,
accounting for 66% of all dioxin releases reported during that time.
o Increases in off-site releases of dioxins were largely driven by two facilities, both
basic organic chemical manufacturing facilities.
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From 2017 to 2018:
Releases of dioxins increased by 17%.
o Off-site disposal or other releases increased by 73% and were largely driven by
one basic organic chemical manufacturing facility which reported 35,000 grams
released in 2018. In comparison, this facility reported releasing fewer than 6,000
grams annually between 2010 and 2018.
In 2018, most (68%) of the quantity released was disposed or otherwise released off
site.
vvEPA
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February 2020
Dioxins Releases by Industry
TRI also requires facilities to report data on 17 types, or congeners, of dioxin. These congeners
have a wide range of toxic potencies. The mix of dioxins from one source can have a very
different level of toxicity than the same total amount, but different mix, from another source.
These varying toxic potencies can be taken into account using Toxic Equivalency Factors
(TEFs), which are based on each congener's toxic potency. EPA multiplies the total grams of
each congener reported by facilities by the associated TEF to obtain a toxicity weight and sums
all congeners for a total of grams in toxicity equivalents (grams-TEQ). Analyzing dioxins in
grams-TEQ is useful when comparing disposal or other releases of dioxin from different sources
or different time periods, where the mix of congeners may vary.
The following two pie charts show: 1) the TRI-covered industry sectors that reported the
greatest releases of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in grams, compared to 2) the industry
sectors that reported the greatest releases of grams in toxicity equivalents (grams-TEQ). Note
that only those TRI reports that included the congener detail for calculating grams-TEQ are
included in these charts.
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Releases of Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Compounds
by Industry, 2018
All others: Grams
2%
Hazardous Waste
Management:
3%
Primary Metals:
20%
Chemical
Manufacturing:
75%
Grams-TEQ
Hazardous Waste
Management:
2%
All Others:
4%
Paper
Manufacturing:
4%
Chemical
Manufacturing:
26%
Primary Metals:
64%
Various industry sectors may dispose of or otherwise release very different mixes
of dioxin congeners,
The chemical manufacturing industry accounted for 75% and the primary metals sector
for 20% of total grams of dioxins released.
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However, when TEFs are applied, the primary metals sector accounted for 64% and the
chemical manufacturing sector for 26% of the total grams-TEQ released.
vvEPA
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Carcinogens Air Releases
Among the chemicals that are reportable to the TRI Program, some are also included on OSHA's
list of carcinogens. EPA refers to these chemicals as TRI OSHA carcinogens. This graph shows
the trend in the pounds of TRI chemicals that are OSHA carcinogens released to air.
vvEPA
Air Releases of OSHA Carcinogens
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
ฆ Fugitive Air Emissions ฆ Stack Air Emissions
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Air releases of these carcinogens decreased by 35%.
The long-term decreases in air releases of OSHA carcinogens were driven mainly by
decreases in releases of stvrene to air from the plastics and rubber and transportation
equipment industries.
In 2018, air releases of OSHA carcinogens consisted primarily of stvrene (44% of the air
releases of all OSHA carcinogens), acetaldehvde (12%) and formaldehyde (7%).
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Non-Production-Related Waste
Non-production-related waste refers to quantities of Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals
disposed of or released, or transferred off site, as the result of one-time events, rather than due
to standard production activities. These events may include remedial actions, catastrophic
events, or other one-time events not associated with normal production processes. Non-
production-related waste is included in a facility's total disposal or other releases, but is not
included in the its production-related waste managed. The following graph shows the annual
quantities of non-production-related waste reported to TRI.
vvEPA
240
Non-Production-Related Waste
o
Q.
200
160
120
= 80
40
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
For 2018, 553 facilities reported 7.4 million pounds of one-time, non-production-related
releases of TRI chemicals.
Non-production-related waste from all facilities was below 35 million pounds in all years
except for 2013 when a mining facility reported a one-time release of 193 million
pounds. The facility reported zero releases in 2014 and has not reported to TRI since.
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Comparing Industry Sectors
This section examines how different industrial sectors manage their chemical waste. This
sector-specific approach can highlight progress made in improving environmental performance,
identify emerging issues, and reveal opportunities for better waste management practices.
The industries that are subject to TRI reporting requirements vary substantially in size, scope,
and business type. As a result, the amounts and types of chemicals used, generated, and
managed by facilities within a given industry sector often differ greatly from those of facilities in
other sectors. For facilities in the same sector, however, the processes, products, and
regulatory requirements are often similar, resulting in similar manufacture, processing, or other
use of chemicals.
For analysis purposes, the TRI Program has aggregated the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) codes at the 3- and 4-digit levels, creating 29 industry sector
categories. To learn more about which business activities are subject to TRI reporting
requirements, see this list of covered NAICS codes.
The following pie chart shows the industry sectors that reported the most production-related
waste for 2018.
vvEPA
Production-Related Waste Managed by Industry, 2018
32.12 billion pounds
Electric Utilities:
4%
Paper
Manufacturing:
4%
Food Manufacturing:
5%
All others
Metal Mining:
6%
Petroleum Product-/
Manufacturing:
7%
Primary Metals:
8%
Chemical
Manufacturing:
55%
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Seven industry sectors reported 89% of the quantities of TRI chemicals managed as
production-related waste in 2018. A majority of TRI chemical waste managed originated
from the chemical manufacturing sector (55%).
The following pie chart shows the industry sectors that reported the most disposal or other
releases for 2018.
vvEPA
Total Disposal or Other Releases by Industry, 2018
3.80 billion pounds
All Others: 9%
Food |
Manufacturing: 4%
Paper
Manufacturing: 4%
Hazardous Waste
Management: 4%
Primary Metals: 9%
Electric Utilities: 9%
Chemical
Manufacturing
14%
Metal Mining: 47%
This pie chart shows that 4 of the 29 TRI reporting sectors reported 79% of the quantities of
TRI chemicals disposed of or otherwise released: metal mining (47%), chemical manufacturing
(14%), electric utilities (9%), and primary metals (9%).
For more details on how the amounts and proportions of TRI chemicals managed as waste have
changed over time, see the production-related waste managed bv industry trend graph.
For more information on the breakdown of these releases by environmental medium, see air
releases bv industry, water releases bv industry and land disposal bv industry.
As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when using the TRI data. Key factors
associated with data presented are summarized in the Introduction. For more information see
Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data. Also note that the list of TRI
chemicals has changed over the years. For comparability, trend graphs include only those
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chemicals that were reportable for all years presented. Figures that focus only on the year 2018
include all chemicals reportable for 2018, therefore, values for a 2018-only analysis may differ
slightly from results for 2018 in a trend analysis.
vvEPA
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Manufacturing Sectors
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the manufacturing sectors.
What the Sector Does
The manufacturing sectors are goods-producing
industries that transform materials into new
products. These sectors include businesses
involved in the production of food,
textiles, paper, chemicals, plastics,
petroleum products, metal
products, electronics,
furniture, vehicles,
equipment, and
other products.
THE SECTOR
EMPLOYS
11.1 MILLION
PEOPLE
U.S. Census Annual Survey of Manufactures
2016 data
THE SECTOR
CONTRIBUTES
2.3 TRILLION
TO U.S. GDP
In value-added. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Year 2018 data.
19,254 facilities in the sector report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This map shows the locations of the manufacturing facilities (defined as facilities reporting their
primary NAICS codes as 31-33) that reported to TRI for 2018. Click on a facility for details on its
TRI reporting.
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February 2020
Winnipeg
Montreal
6 R E A
NEBRASKA
Sari
F ranclsco >
Tijuana
Herincslllo
Chihuahua
TorreOn
Monterrey
Guadalaj.
s
Mexico City, o Pufebla
|AMAICA
HONDURAS
Tegucigalpa
Manufacturing Facilities Reporting to TRI, 2018
View Larger Map
For 2018, nearly 90% of the facilities that reported to TRI were in a manufacturing sector.
These sectors accounted for most (88%) of the 32.1 billion pounds of production-related waste
reported to TRI for 2018. Two subsectors of manufacturing, chemical manufacturing and
aerospace manufacturing, are highlighted in more detail later in this section.
The TRI-covered industry sectors not categorized under manufacturing include metal mining,
coal mining, electric utilities, chemical wholesalers, petroleum terminals, hazardous waste
management, and others.
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February 2020
Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals managed as waste by the
manufacturing sectors.
vvEPA
Production-Related Waste Managed:
Manufacturing Sectors
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment
Energy Recovery Recycling
Value Added (billions, 2018 Dollars)
$2,500
$2,000
$1,500
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Q>
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>
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00
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Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed by the manufacturing sectors decreased through
2009, following the trend of reduced production resulting from the economic recession.
Since 2009, total quantities of waste managed have increased.
o Quantities of waste released and treated decreased, while the quantity of waste
combusted for energy recovery and waste recycled increased.
It is important to consider the influence the economy has on production and production-
related waste generation. This figure includes the trend in the manufacturing sectors'
value added (represented by the black line as reported by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis. Value Added bv Industry). Value added is a measure of production that is
defined as the contribution of these manufacturing sectors to the national gross
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February 2020
domestic product. Since 2007, value added by the manufacturing sectors increased by
5%.
o Production-related waste managed by the manufacturing sectors increased by
35% since 2007, driven by increased recycling. The large increase in recycled
chemical waste starting in 2014 was primarily due to an increase in the quantity
of cumene recycled by one facility and dichloromethane recycled by two other
facilities.
From 2017 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed increased by 11% (2.87 billion pounds). This
increase was largely due to a single facility that reported recycling 2.0 billion pounds of
dichloromethane on site in 2018. This facility did not previously report recycling this
chemical on site. The facility claimed that for the 2018 reporting year, it had reviewed
and reinterpreted the TRI Program's guidance on estimating recycling quantities of TRI
chemicals, which is the reason the facility reported recycling such a large quantity of
dichloromethane on site during 2018 compared to 2017. Excluding this amount for
2018, the total quantity of the manufacturing sectors' production-related waste
managed increased by 4%.
In 2018, only 5% of the manufacturing sectors' production-related waste was released
into the environment, while the rest was managed through treatment, energy recovery,
and recycling.
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February 2020
Manufacturing Releases Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by the
manufacturing sectors.
Total Disposal or Other Releases:
Manufacturing Sectors
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Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
i On-site Land Disposal
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total releases by the manufacturing sectors decreased by 19%. This is primarily due to
a reduction in air emissions and off-site disposal or other releases.
Releases to water also declined, while on-site land disposal increased by 17%.
From 2017 to 2018:
Total releases increased by 5% (70 million pounds). This is largely due to a 15%
increase (48 million pounds) in off-site releases.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Source Reduction in the Manufacturing Sectors:
In 2018, 6% of manufacturing facilities initiated more than 2,800 source reduction activities to
reduce TRI chemical use and waste generation. The most commonly reported types of source
reduction activitites were good operating practices and process modifications. For example:
A metal container manufacturing facility changed the scheduling of drum production to
minimize the number of color changes necessary, thus reducing its use of certain glycol
ethers. fClick to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
A biodiesel manufacturer reported adding a methanol recovery system to reuse the
chemical in the process. fClick to view facility details in the P2 tooll.
You can learn more about pollution prevention opportunities in this sector bv using the TRI
Pollution Prevention fP21 Search Tool
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February 2020
Chemical Manufacturing
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the chemical manufacturing
sector.
vvEPA
What the Sector Does
Chemical manufacturers convert raw materials
into thousands of different products, including
basic chemicals, products used by other
manufacturers (such as synthetic
fibers, plastics, and
pigments), |^i /~J
pesticides, and
cosmetics, to
name a few.
THE SECTOR
EMPLOYS 1
745,000 1
PEOPLE
U.S. Census Annual Survey of Manufactures
2016 data
1
1
i
THE SECTOR
CONTRIBUTES B
$378 BILLION
TO U.S. GDP
In value-added. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Year 2018 date
i
i
3,455 facilities in the sector report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This map shows the locations of the chemical manufacturing facilities (defined as facilities
reporting their primary NAICS code as 325) that reported to TRI for 2018. Click on a facility for
details on its TRI reporting.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
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View Larger Map
For 2018, the chemical manufacturing sector had the most facilities (3,455, 16% of facilities
that reported for 2018) report to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and reported 55% of all
production-related waste managed, more than any other sector.
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February 2020
Chemical Manufacturing Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals managed as waste by the
chemical manufacturing sector.
vvEPA
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Year
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Energy Recovery
Production
Treatment
i Recycling
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed by the chemical manufacturing sector increased by
71%, while production volume (represented by the black line as reported by the Federal
Reserve Board. Industrial Production Indexl decreased by 15%. In recent years,
production has been fairly constant and increased in 2018.
o The large increase in reported quantities of waste recycled starting in 2014 was
primarily due to increased quantities of recycling reported by chemical
manufacturers, with an increase in the quantity of cumene recycled by one
facility and dichloromethane recycled by two other facilities.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Quantities of TRI chemicals treated or combusted for energy recovery decreased, while
the quantities of TRI chemicals recycled and released increased.
From 2017 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed at chemical manufacturing facilities increased by 2.5
billion pounds (16%), while production volume increased by 4%.
o The increase in production-related waste is largely due to a 2.0 billion pound
increase in the quantity of dichloromethane reported as recycled by one chemical
manufacturing facility I"click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!. The facility
claimed that for the 2018 reporting year, it had reviewed and reinterpreted the
TRI Program's guidance on estimating recycling quantities of TRI chemicals,
which is the reason the facility reported recycling such a large quantity of
dichloromethane on site during 2018 compared to 2017.
In 2018, only 3% of this sector's waste was managed as releases into the environment,
while the rest was managed through treatment, energy recovery, and recycling.
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February 2020
Chemical Manufacturing Releases Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by the chemical
manufacturing industry.
cnn
Total Disposal or Other Releases:
Chemical Manufacturing
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Millions of Pounds
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total releases by the chemical manufacturing sector increased by 8%.
The distribution of releases has changed during this time period. This change has been
driven largely by decreased air releases of common chemicals including methanol,
hydrochloric acid, and carbonvl sulfide and increased on-site land disposal, particularly
for metal compounds.
From 2017 to 2018:
Total releases increased by 38 million pounds (7%).
For 2018, the chemical manufacturing sector reported larger air release quantities than
any other sector, accounting for 25% of all reported quantities of TRI chemicals emitted
to air.
vvEPA
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Source Reduction in the Chemical Manufacturing Sector:
Although chemical manufacturing has consistently been the sector with the most production-
related waste managed, 280 facilities (8% of facilities) in this sector initiated source reduction
activities in 2018 to reduce their TRI chemical use and waste generation. The most commonly
reported types of source reduction activities were good operating practices and process
modifications. For example,
An organic chemical manufacturing facility reduced hvdroauinone waste by improving
the heating system of its outdoor storage tanks to reduce the quantity of sludge formed.
Minimizing sludge formation reduces the facility's hazardous waste generated. fClick to
view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
A fertilizer manufacturing facility began transitioning to using chlorine dioxide instead of
chlorine for cooling water treatment. The transition is expected to eliminate the storage
of up to 16,000 pounds of chlorine on site. fClick to view facility details in the P2 Tooll
Additional Resources
EPA's Smart Sectors Program is partnering with chemical manufacturing trade associations to
develop sensible approaches that better protect the environment and public health.
TRI's Pollution Prevention Olik Dashboard can help you learn more about production-related
waste, releases, and pollution prevention opportunities in this sector.
For more information on how this and other industry sectors can choose safer chemicals, visit
EPA's Safer Choice Program pages for Alternatives Assessments and the Safer Choice
Ingredients List.
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February 2020
Aerospace Manufacturing
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the aerospace manufacturing
sector.
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What the Sector Does
The aerospace sector manufactures
aircraft and spacecraft, including their
parts and engines. The sector also
manufactures missiles and overhauls
and rebuilds aircraft
and propulsion
THE SECTOR ##<
EMPLOYS Mi
420,000 11
PEOPLE
U.S. Census Annual Survey of Manufactures 2016 data
THE SECTOR
CONTIBUTES IS
$117 BILLION jl
TO U.S. GDP
In value-added. U.S. Census Annual Survey of Manufactures
2016 data
i
278 facilities in the sector report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This map shows the locations of the aerospace manufacturing facilities (defined as facilities
reporting their primary NAICS code as 3364) that reported to TRI for 2018. Click on a facility for
details on its TRI reporting.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Aerospace Manufacturing Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals managed as waste by the
aerospace manufacturing industry.
Production-Related Waste Managed: Aerospace Manufacturing
90
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
I Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery Recycling ^^^Number of Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Although production-related waste managed by the aerospace manufacturing sector
fluctuated between years, the quantity of waste managed in 2018 is 3.8 million pounds
(5%) less than it was in 2007, while the number of facilities increased from 243 to 278
(14%).
From 2017 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed increased by 4.8 million pounds (7%), largely due to
an aircraft parts manufacturing facility which reported an increase of over 3 million
pounds of waste managed through energy recovery from 2017 to 2018. fClick to view
facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
In 2018, only 5% of this sector's waste was released into the environment, while the
rest was managed through treatment, energy recovery, and recycling.
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February 2020
Aerospace Manufacturing Releases Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by the aerospace
manufacturing industry.
vvEPA
Total Disposal or Other Releases: Aerospace Manufacturing
6,000
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Water Releases
ฆ On-site Land Releases ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total releases by the aerospace manufacturing sector decreased by 29%.
o The decrease in releases was mainly driven by large releases of hydrochloric acid
to air by one aerospace products and parts manufacturing facility in 2007 and
2008, followed by smaller releases in subsequent years. fClick to view facility
details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
From 2017 to 2018:
Total releases increased by 591 thousand pounds (19%). The increase in releases was
not driven by any one facility.
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February 2020
Source Reduction in the Aerospace Manufacturing Sector:
Between 2010 and 2018, the aerospace manufacturing sector had a higher than average rate of
initiating source reduction activities compared with the rate across all industries that report to
TRI. For 2018, 8% of facilities in the aerospace manufacturing sector reported source reduction
activities, compared to 6% of all facilities that reported to TRI.
The most commonly reported types of source reduction activities in the aerospace
manufacturing sector were good operating practices and inventory control. Several facilities in
this sector reported initiating source reduction activities to reduce scrap generation. Note that
minimizing the generation of scrap metal is a source reduction activity, while recycling scrap
metal is a waste management practice. Examples of source reduction activities reported by the
sector include:
An aircraft engine manufacturing facility revised dimensions for raw material purchases
to reduce scrap created by cutting pieces to fit production. fClick to view facility details
in the P2 Tooll
An aircraft manufacturing facility installed a non-chemical floor coating that is removable
which eliminated the need to clean booth floors with a product containing toluene. fClick
to view facility details in the Pollution Prevention rP21 Tooll
Additional Resources
EPA's Smart Sectors Program is partnering with the aerospace sector to develop sensible
approaches that better protect the environment and public health.
TRI's Pollution Prevention Olik Dashboard can help you learn more about production-related
waste, releases, and pollution prevention opportunities in this sector.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Metal Mining
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the metal mining sector.
What the Sector Does
The metal mining sector extracts and
processes ores (metal-bearing rock) to
refine the valuable target metals. The
portion of the metal mining sector
covered by TRI reporting requirements
includes facilities mining
copper, lead, zinc,
silver, gold, \
and several ""
other metals.
THE SECTOR
EMPLOYS 1
37,000 1
PEOPLE
U.S. Census County Business Patterns
2017 data
1
VALUE OF MINE
PRODUCTION ng
$26 BILLION X}
USGS Mineral Commodities Summary 2019 data ฎ
Note: Both metrics include all metal mining sectors; not limited tc
those covered by TRI.
k
86 facilities in the sector report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This map shows the locations of the metal mining facilities (defined as facilities reporting their
primary NAICS code as 2122) that reported to TRI for 2018. Click on a facility for details on its
TRI reporting. Mines are shown on this map based on their longitude/latitude, which may be
miles from the city identified on the mine's TRI reporting forms. Mines can qualify their location
relative to the city by noting the distance in the street address data field of their TRI reporting
forms.
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CANADA
Edmonton
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Vancouver
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Metal Mines Reporting to TRI, 2018
View Larger Map
For 2018, 86 metal mining facilities reported to TRI. They tend to be in western states where
most of the copper, silver, and gold mining occurs; however, zinc and lead mining tend to occur
in Missouri and Tennessee, as well as Alaska. Metals generated from U.S. mining operations are
used in a wide range of products, including automobiles, electric and industrial equipment,
jewelry, and decorative objects. The extraction and processing of these minerals generate large
amounts of on-site land disposals, primarily of metals
included on the TRI list of chemicals contained in the ore
and waste rock. To learn more about metal mining
operations and their TRI reporting, explore the interactive
metal mining diagram. Metal mining operations are subject
to federal and state regulations.
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February 2020
Metal Mining Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals managed as waste by the
metal mining industry from 2007 to 2018, mainly in the form of on-site land disposal.
vvEPA
Production-Related Waste Managed:
Metal Mining
2,500
2,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
o
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l/l
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Mine Production
Treatment
Recycling
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
While metal mining production (as reported in the United States Geological Survey)
remained relatively steady, the quantity of waste managed fluctuated.
Besides production volume, one factor commonly cited by facilities as a contributor to
the changes in quantities of waste managed is the chemical composition of the
extracted ore, which can vary substantially from year to year. In some cases, small
changes in the ore's composition can impact whether chemicals in ore qualify for a
concentration-based exemption from TRI reporting in one year but not in the next year
or vice versa.
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From 2017 to 2018:
The quantity of TRI chemical waste managed by this sector decreased by 160 million
pounds (8%) between 2017 and 2018.
During 2018, 96% of the metal mining sector's production-related waste was disposed
of or otherwise released. The majority of this waste consisted of metals, which were
primarily disposed of to land on site at the mine.
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Metal Mining Releases Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by the metal mining
industry, primarily through on-site land disposal.
Total Disposal or Other Releases:
Metal Mining
~i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
i On-site Land Disposal
On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
More than 99% of the metal mining sector's releases were in the form of on-site land
disposal. The quantity of on-site land disposal by metal mines has fluctuated in recent
years.
Several mines have reported that changes in production volume and changes in the
chemical composition of the deposit being mined are the primary causes of fluctuations
in the amount of chemicals reported as disposed of on site at the mine.
Metal mining facilities typically handle large volumes of material, and even a small
change in the chemical composition of the deposit being mined can lead to big changes
in the amount of TRI chemicals reported.
The quantity of TRI chemicals released is not an indicator of health risks posed by the
chemicals, as described in the Introduction. For more information, see the TRI
document, Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data.
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February 2020
In 2018:
The metal mining sector reported the largest quantity of total disposal or other releases,
accounting for 47% of total TRI releases and 70% of on-site land disposal for all
industries.
Source Reduction in the Metal Mining Sector:
None of the 86 metal mining facilities reported initiating source reduction activities for TRI
chemicals in 2018. Unlike manufacturing, the nature of miningthe necessary movement and
disposal of TRI chemicals present in large volumes of earth to access the target oredoes not
lend itself to source reduction. TRI's Pollution Prevention Olik Dashboard can help you learn
more about production-related waste, releases, and pollution prevention opportunities in this
sector.
EPA's Smart Sectors Program is partnering with the mining sector to develop sensible
approaches that better protect the environment and public health.
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Electric Utilities
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the electric utilities sector.
to
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What the Sector Does
Electric utilities generate, transmit, and
distribute electric power. Electric-generating
facilities use a variety of fuels to generate
THE SECTOR t#*
EMPLOYS Mil
511,000 f
PEOPLE
I-
electricity; however, only those electricity
generating facilities that combust
U.S. Census County Business Patterns 2017 data. Includes all fuel types
for electricity generation; not limited to those fuels covered by TRI
D
U
u
coal or oil to generate
power for distribution ^
in commerce are
subject to TRI reporting
r,r
v
GENERATES W
909 BILLION /BR
111
requirements.
ฆ
U.S. Department of Energy 2019 data by electric utilities that
combust coal or oil for electricity generation
111
487 facilities in the sector report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This map shows the locations of the electric utilities (defined as facilities reporting their primary
NAICS code as 2211) that reported to TRI for 2018. Click on a facility for details on its TRI
reporting.
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* WASHINGTON
DAKOTA
*
Portland
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ฎ A TofonIooiaiป,Cn
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Electric Utilities Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals that electric utility facilities
manage as waste.
vvEPA
2,500
2,000
o 1,500
Cl '
M-
o
ง 1,000
500
Production-Related Waste Managed:
Electric Utilities
1111
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llll
Mill ii
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment
Energy Recovery Recycling
^^Electricity Generation
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Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Production-related waste managed decreased by 618 million pounds (32%) since 2007,
driven by reduced releases.
Net electricity generation by electric utilities using coal and oil fuels decreased by 43%
(as reported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration1).
The recent production decrease (beginning in 2014) was driven by the industry's
transition to natural gas. Note that only facilities that combust coal or oil to produce
power are covered under TRI reporting requirements.
In 2018:
Approximately three-quarters of the production-related waste was treated, while one-
quarter was released to the environment.
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o This is in contrast to 2007, when over half of the waste from this sector was
released. This trend is largely due to an increase in scrubbers at electric utilities
that treat (or destroy) TRI-reportable acid gases to reduce the quantities of the
chemicals that would otherwise be released to the air.
vvEPA
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Electric Utilities Releases Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by electric utilities.
Total Disposal or Other Releases:
Electric Utilities
1,250
1,000
750
500
250
0
ฆI;..
'"UliM!
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
On-site Land Disposal
On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases from the electric utilities sector decreased by 66%. This decrease was driven
by an 87% (555 million pounds) decrease in on-site air releases. On-site land disposal
and off-site disposal also decreased, but to a lesser extent.
From 2017 to 2018:
Releases by electric utilities decreased by 2% (8.0 million pounds). This decrease was
driven by reductions in on-site land disposal to surface impoundments and off-site
disposal.
Source Reduction in the Electric Utilities Sector:
In the electric utilities sector, 8 facilities (2% of the electric utility facilities reporting to TRI)
initiated source reduction activities in 2018 to reduce their use of TRI chemicals and generation
of wastes that contain TRI chemicals. Note that adding treatment equipment is considered a
control technology for TRI chemical waste that is generated, and is not a source reduction
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activity that prevents waste from being generated. TRI's Pollution Prevention Olik Dashboard
can help you learn more about production-related waste, releases, and pollution prevention
opportunities in this sector.
EPA's Smart Sectors Program is partnering with the sector to develop sensible approaches that
better protect the environment and public health.
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Hazardous Waste Management
This section examines how TRI chemical wastes are managed in the hazardous waste
management sector.
-------
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February 2020
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Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Reporting to TRI, 2018
View Larger Map
For 2018, 226 facilities in the hazardous waste management sector submitted 2,591 TRI
reporting forms for 341 unique chemicals, averaging 11 forms (i.e., forms for 11 different
chemicals) per facility. This is considerably higher than the average of 4 forms submitted per
facility across all sectors. The sector also includes seven facilities that each submitted forms for
more than 100 chemicals for 2018. The high average number of forms per facility reflects the
diversity of the sector's operations where wastes of varying chemical composition are received
from many different types of industrial processes.
Given the considerable year-to-year variability in facilities' inputs, examining TRI trends of this
sector is not meaningful. Therefore, this sector profile only examines the most recent year of
data and does not show any long-term trend information.
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Hazardous Waste Management Sector Waste Management
The quantity of waste managed and released by hazardous waste management facilities
depends on the quantity of waste received from their customers. The following pie chart shows
how hazardous waste management facilities managed waste, as reported to TRI for 2018.
Production-Related Waste Managed by Hazardous Waste
Management Sector, 2018
629 Million pounds
Disposal or Other
Releases: 28%
Treatment: 37%
Energy Recovery: 14%
Recycling: 21%
Hazardous waste management facilities managed most of their TRI chemical waste through
the preferred methods of treatment, recycling, and energy recovery, while 28% was released.
This is comparable to other recent years, when about 70-80% of production-related waste
managed by the sector was managed through the preferred methods of treatment, recycling,
and energy recovery.
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Hazardous Waste Management Sector Releases
Releases by Hazardous Waste Management Sector, 2018
173 million pounds
On-site Air Releases:
On-site Surface
<1%
Water Discharges:
<1%
Off-site Disposal or
Other Releases: 27%
On-site Land
Disposal: 73%
Most of the sector's releases (145 million lb, 83%) were of metal and metal compounds
which cannot be treated. Most of the on-site land disposal was to landfills, primarily
landfills that are regulated by subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
vvEPA
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Releases by Parent Company
Releases in the hazardous waste management sector are concentrated in a few parent
companies.
vvEPA
Waste Management Inc
US Ecology Inc
Clean Harbors Inc
Coulter Cos Inc
EnergySolutions LLC
All Others
Releases by Parent Company, 2018
173 million pounds
10
20 30 40
Millions of pounds
50
60
Note: This figure uses the standardized TRI parent company name.
5 parent companies accounted for 81% of releases from the hazardous waste
management sector for 2018.
To view the number of facilities that reported to TRI for 2018 by parent company,
mouse over the bar graph.
Source Reduction in the Hazardous Waste Management Sector:
The nature of hazardous waste management facilities' operations generally does not lend itself
to source reduction activities. Hazardous waste management facilities commonly report that the
variable nature of received waste streams is a barrier to source reduction. While not considered
source reduction, these facilities apply control technologies and environmental practices like
recycling and energy recovery to reduce environmental impacts.
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Federal Facilities
This map shows the locations of 449 federal facilities that reported to TRI in 2018. Federal
facilities are subject to TRI reporting requirements, regardless of the type of operations at the
facility as described by their NAICS code. Click on a facility for details on its TRI reporting.
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Federal Facilities Reporting to TRI, 2018
'View Larger Map
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The 1993 Executive Order 12856, "Federal Compliance with Right-to-Know Laws and Pollution
Prevention Requirements," established the requirement that all federal facilities, including
facilities operated by the EPA, the Department of Defense, and the Department of the Treasury
are subject to the TRI reporting requirements, regardless of the type of operations at the
facility as described by their NAICS code. This executive order has been reaffirmed by
subsequent administrations.
Federal Facilities by Industry
The following chart shows the number of federal facilities reporting to TRI by sector for 2018.
vvEPA
Federal Facilities by Sector, 2018
449 facilities
Police Protection
(e.g., firing
range): 6%
Correctional
Institutions (e.g.,
federal prison):
12%
Electric Utilities:
3%
All Others: 16%
National Security
(e.g., US Army
Base): 63%
For 2018, 449 federal facilities in 38 different types of operations (based on their 6-digit NAICS
codes) reported to TRI. Almost two-thirds of these facilities were in the National Security sector,
which includes Department of Defense facilities such as Army and Air Force bases. All federal
facilities are subject to TRI reporting requirements regardless of their sector. Therefore, for
some industry sectors, the TRI database only includes data from federal facilities. Most federal
facilities are in such sectors, including Military Bases (63%); Correctional Institutions (12%);
and Police Protection, such as training sites for Border Patrol stations (6%).
As with non-federal facilities, activities at federal facilities drive the types and quantities of
chemical waste managed and reported to TRI. Some of the activities at federal facilities that are
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February 2020
captured by TRI reporting are similar to those at non-federal facilities, such as electric utilities.
In other cases, federal facilities may report waste managed from specialized activities that are
not usually performed by non-federal facilities. For example, all of the federal facilities included
under Police Protection and Correctional Institutions only reported for lead and lead
compounds, likely due to the use of lead ammunition on firing ranges at these facilities.
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Waste Management by Federal Facilities
The following pie chart shows the percentages of TRI chemicals managed as waste by federal
government organizations in 2018.
vvEPA
Production-Related Waste Managed by
Government Organization, 2018
140.5 million pounds
All Others:
The types of waste reported by federal facilities vary by the type of operation.
o The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a government-owned electric utility that
provides power to southeastern states. Out of the 18 TVA facilities that reported
to TRI for 2018, virtually all of the production-related waste comes from the
fossil fuel plants that report in the electric utilities sector. Over 80% of their
reported waste was hydrochloric and sulfuric acid aerosols which were mostly
treated on site.
o The Department of the Treasury facilities reporting to TRI are mints for
manufacturing currency and, accordingly, they report metals (e.g., copper and
nickell to TRI. Almost all of their metal waste was recycled off site.
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Source Reduction at Federal Facilities:
Since federal facilities are subject to TRI reporting regardless of their industry sector
classification, their operations are diverse and few focus on manufacturing processes. Due to
their unique functions, some federal facilities may face challenges in implementing source
reduction strategies to reduce chemical waste. For the 2018 reporting year, 18 federal facilities
(4%) reported implementing source reduction activities.
Federal facilities have often indicated barriers to reducing use of lead because it is contained in
ammunition used at National Security and Park Service facilities. For 2018, several federal
facilities reported using green ammuntion in accordance with National Park Service policy to use
non-lead ammunition where feasible. To find more examples of federal facilities' source
reduction activities and the barriers they face to implementing source reduction, visit TRI's
Pollution Prevention Search Tool and select industry sectors such as National Security,
Correctional Institutions or Police Protection from the dropdown menu under "search criteria."
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EPA Regional Profiles
This section of the National Analysis looks at production-related waste management and
releases of Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals at the EPA regional level during 2018. EPA
has 10 regional offices (shown on the map below) across the country, each of which is
responsible for several states and in some cases, territories and tribes,
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EPA regions vary significantly in many important characteristics, including size, population, and
the types of facilities located in the region. These factors can result in significant differences
between national and regional trends. For example, certain activities such as metal mining are
geographically concentrated and report large quantities of TRI chemical waste disposed of,
therefore release trends in regions with many metal mines often do not mirror national release
trends.
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Regional Profile for EPA Region 1
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 1. Region 1 includes Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and 10 tribes.
Region 1 serves 6 states
and 10 tribes
REGION 1'S
POPULATION IS
14.9 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Paper
Food
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Nitrate compounds
Zinc and zinc compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
967 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 1 covers 4% of the US population and includes 4% of all facilities that report to TRI. For
state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal Communities
section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 1.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 1, 2018
All Others: 34%
Electrical
Equipment: 5%
Plastics and
Rubber: 5%
Fabricated Metals:
18%
Chemical
Manufacturing:
14%
Nonmetall
Mineral Products:
6%
Primary Metals: 6%
Computers and
Electronic Products: 6%
Transportation
Equipment: 6%
In 2018:
967 facilities in Region 1 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
fabricated metals (i.e., manufacture of metal products) or chemical manufacturing
sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were similar to 2017
reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 1 were from the paper manufacturing, food manufacturing,
chemical manufacturing, and fabricated metals (i.e., manufacture of metal products)
sectors. Note that relatively few facilities in the paper manufacturing and food
manufacturing sectors reported to TRI in this region and those sectors are included in
"All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical
manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals (including iron and steel
manufacturing, and foundries) sectors reported the highest releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 1 TRI
Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 1. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
ฎ Production-Related Waste
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 1 .1 Releases
300 r 1,400
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^ปReporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 193 million pounds of production-related waste, 90% of
which was recycled, combusted for energy recovery, or treated. Only 10% was disposed
of or otherwise released into the environment. Nationally, 12% of production-related
waste was disposed of or otherwise released into the environment.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed decreased by 1%.
o Quantities of waste treated decreased, while quantities of waste recycled and
combusted for energy recovery increased. Quantities of production-related waste
disposed of or otherwise released were comparable to 2017 quantities.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed decreased by 52 million pounds (21%), driven
by reductions in the quantities of production-related waste disposed of or otherwise
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released (41% decrease, 13 million pounds) and treated (32% decrease, 32 million
pounds). Production-related waste managed by most sectors in the region decreased,
with the largest decreases in the paper and primary metals sectors.
o Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28%
since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 1.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 1 1J Production-Related Waste
(ft) Releases
30
25
to
~o
ง 20
o
Q_
o 15
tn
:i 10
llllliilini
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
I On-site Land Disposal
I On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 19 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o methanol and ammonia to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o zinc and zinc compounds and manganese and manganese
compounds to land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds and nitrate compounds transferred off
site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 163 thousand pounds (<1%). On-site
releases to air, land, and water decreased while off-site transfers for
disposal increased. Nationally, releases decreased by 3% since 2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 1 releases in pounds were: Maine (61%),
Massachusetts (21%), Connecticut (11%), Rhode Island (2%), New Hampshire (2%),
and Vermont (2%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
2018 Highlight
Production-related waste
managed in Region 1
decreased by 21% since
2007, driven by
reductions in production-
related waste managed
by paper manufacturing
and chemical
manufacturing facilities
in the region.
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Region 1 were: Connecticut (59%), Massachusetts (35%), Maine (4%), Rhode Island
(1%), New Hampshire (1%), and Vermont (<1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 1 decreased by 8.8 million pounds (32%). This reduction was driven
by decreased air releases by electric utilities. Nationally, total disposal or other releases
of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to air and land decreased, while quantities of chemicals
released to water and transferred off-site for disposal increased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 10% of facilities in Region 1 (97 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in
the chemical manufacturing sector, where 14% of facilities reported source reduction activities.
For example, one biodiesel manufacturer reported adding a methanol recovery system to reuse
the chemical in the process. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
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Regional Profile for EPA Region 2
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 2. Region 2 includes New Jersey, New York,
Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and 8 tribes.
REGION 2'S
POPULATION IS
31.6 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Hazardous waste
Chemicals
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Nitrate compounds
Asbestos
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
1,074 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 2 covers 10% of the US population and includes 5% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
USVI
Region 2 serves 2 states,
2 territories,
and 8 tribes
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 2.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 2, 2018
All Others: 32%
Chemical
Manufacturing: 20%
Petroleum Bulk
Terminals: 5%
Electric Utilities: 5%_/
Computers and _/ I
Electronic Products: Nonmetallic Mineral
6% Products: 7%
. Fabricated Metals:
11 12%
\_Food Manufacturing:
7%
Primary Metals: 7%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
1,074 facilities in Region 2 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
chemical manufacturing or fabricated metals (i.e., manufacture of metal products)
sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were similar to 2017
reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 2 were from the hazardous waste management, chemical
manufacturing, petroleum products manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals
(including iron and steel manufacturing, and foundries) sectors. Note that relatively few
facilities in the hazardous waste management and petroleum products sectors reported
to TRI in this region and those sectors are included in "All Others" in the pie chart
above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, primary
metals, and hazardous waste management sectors reported the highest releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the TRI Region 2
TRI Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 2. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
ฎ Production-Related Waste
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 2 J Releases
800 2,000
700 ฆ _ ฆ ฆ 1,750
ilttfttHti i
100 250
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^ปReporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented. Total
production-related waste reported for 2018 in Region 2 was higher than shown here due to large treatment quantities of hydrogen
sulfide, which was added to the TRI chemical list in 2012.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 760 million pounds of production-related waste, 95% of
which was recycled, combusted for energy recovery, or treated. Only 5% was disposed
of or otherwise released into the environment. Nationally, 12% of production-related
waste was disposed of or otherwise released into the environment.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed decreased by 5%, driven
by a reduction in the quantity of waste treated.
From 2007 to 2018:
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Total production-related waste managed decreased by 85 million pounds (13%).
Quantities of production-related waste treated, combusted for energy recovery, and
disposed of or otherwise released decreased, while quantities of production-related
waste recycled increased. Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed
increased by 28% since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 2.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 2 ' -' Production-Related Waste
() Releases
90
80
-3 70
i 60
o
ฃ 50
0
i/i 40
= 30
1 20
10
0
II
ฆ ฆ I I ฆ I I I I I
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
I On-site Land Disposal
I On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 40 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o ammonia and sulfuric acid to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o asbestos to land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds and nitrate compounds transferred off
site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 749,000 pounds (2%). Air releases
and off-site transfers for disposal increased, while water and land
releases decreased. Nationally, releases decreased by 3% since 2017.
Contribution by state or territory to the Region 2 releases in pounds
were: New York (53%), New Jersey (31%), Puerto Rico (15%), and US
Virgin Islands (<1%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state or territory to the
2018 Highlight
Variability in TRI
releases in Region 2 is
due to changes in
releases reported by
hazardous waste
management facilities,
where release
quantities can vary
widely year to year. In
recent years, the
sector's releases in the
region have fluctuated
by 2.5 million to 46
million pounds per
year.
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RSEI score for Region 2 were: New Jersey (42%), New York (40%), Puerto Rico (18%),
and US Virgin Islands (<1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 2 decreased by 22 million pounds (35%), driven by reduced releases
from electric utilities. Nationally, total disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals
decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to air and water substantially decreased, while releases
to land and off-site transfers for disposal increased.
The increased releases for 2015 shown in the graph were caused by off-site transfers for
disposal of several chemicals from a hazardous waste management facility in Kearny,
New Jersey. fClick to view facility details in the P2 tool!.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 7% of facilities in Region 2 (73 facilities) reported implementing new source reduction
activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in the
computers and electronic products sector, where 11% of facilities reported source reduction
activities. As one example of source reduction in Region 2, a facility's metal shop uses a nesting
software program to help mate dissimilar parts into one blank of raw material. This reduces raw
material use and waste, including material containing copper. fClick to view facility details in the
P2 tool!.
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Regional Profile for EPA Region 3
Region 3 serves 5 states and
District of Columbia
3. Region 3 includes Delaware, the District
West Virginia.
REGION 3'S
POPULATION IS M m
30.8 million IVAXl
PEOPLE |l ||
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Electric Utilities
Primary Metals
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Nitrate compounds
Sulfuric acid
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region
of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and
1,937 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 3 covers 9% of the US population and includes 9% of all facilities that report to TRI. For
state-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 3.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 3, 2018
All Others: 35%
Fabricated Metals:
15%
Chemical
.Manufacturing: 14%
\_Primary Metals:
/ 10%
Machinery: 4%J
Plasticsand Rubber. J NonmetallicMineral
Food
Manufacturing: 6%
Products: 10%
In 2018:
1,937 facilities in Region 3 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
fabricated metals (i.e., manufacture of metal products) or chemical manufacturing
sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were similar to 2017
reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 3 were from the electric utilities, primary metals (including iron
and steel manufacturing, and foundries), petroleum products manufacturing, and
chemical manufacturing sectors. Note that relatively few facilities in the electric utilities
and petroleum products sectors reported to TRI in this region and those sectors are
included in "All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical
manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals sectors reported the highest
releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 3 TRI
Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 3. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 3 g, Production.Related Waste
7 (_) Releases
ป6 " * 1 1 1 ' I i a i ฅ12'ฐฐฐ s
i ~m
I
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^"Reporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 6.1 billion pounds of production-related waste, 80% of
which was managed through recycling. Nationally, 53% of production-related waste was
managed through recycling.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed remained about the same.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 3.1 billion pounds (126%), driven
by one facility which reported over 3 billion pounds of cumene recycling each year from
2014 to 2018. fClick to view facility details in the P2 tool"!. Excluding this facility,
production-related waste managed in the region decreased by 583 million pounds
(23%).
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o Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28%
since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 3.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 3 ' -' Production~Relatecl Waste
() Releases
M-i.
1111111 Itttt
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 137 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o sulfuric acid, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o manganese and manganese compounds and barium and barium
compounds to land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds and manganese and manganese
compounds transferred off site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 5.1 million pounds (4%). Releases
increased to all media except land. Nationally, releases decreased by
3% since 2017.
o The increase in releases was driven by increased releases from several sectors
including primary metals, food manufacturing, and petroleum.
Contribution by state to the Region 3 releases in pounds were: Pennsylvania (43%),
Virginia (25%), West Virginia (23%), Delaware (5%), and Maryland (5%).
450
400
-3 350
ง 300
o
ฃ 250
0
ฃ 200
= 150
1 100
50
0
2018 Highlight
TRI releases in Region
3 increased from 2017
to 2018 after
decreasing every year
since 2007. The
increase for 2018 was
driven by several
sectors including
primary metals and
petroleum products
manufacturing.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 3 were: Pennsylvania (67%), Virginia (14%), West Virginia (9%), Delaware
(8%), and Maryland (1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 3 decreased by 258 million pounds (66%). Nationally, total disposal
or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium (air, water, land, and off-site transfers
for disposal) decreased, with a 176 million pound reduction in air releases driving the
overall decrease.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 6% of facilities in Region 3 (108 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in
the plastics and rubber sector, where 12% of facilities reported source reduction activities. For
example, a rubber products manufacturer changed the start time for a process to be based on
production volume instead of production time, reducing the facility's nitrate compound
consumption. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Regional Profile for EPA Region 4
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 4. Region 4 includes Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and 6 tribes.
Region 4 serves 8 states and
6 tribes
REGION 4'S
POPULATION IS
66.4 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Chemicals
Paper
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Nitrate compounds
Zinc and zinc compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
4,596 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 4 covers 20% of the US population and includes 21% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 4.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 4, 2018
All Others: 26%
Chemical
Manufacturing: 16%
Nonmetallic
Mineral Products:
15%
Primary Metals: 6%
Wood Products: 6% Fabricated Metals:
10ฐ/ฐ
Plasticsand Rubber:
7% Food Transportation
Manufacturing: 7% Equipment: 7%
In 2018:
4,596 facilities in Region 4 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
chemical manufacturing or nonmetallic mineral products (including cement and concrete
manufacturing) sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were
similar to 2017 reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 4 were from the chemical manufacturing, paper manufacturing,
electric utilities, and primary metals (including iron and steel mills) sectors. Note that
relatively few facilities in the paper manufacturing and electric utilities sectors reported
to TRI in this region and those sectors are included in "All Others" in the pie chart
above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, and
primary metals sectors reported the highest releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 4 TRI
Factsheet.
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oEPA
TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 4. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 4 ฎ Production Related Waste
O Releases
ฆo 5
~ 2
11 Ill
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
4,000
73
n>
ฆo
o
3,000 3
3
0Q
2,000 n
1,000
I Disposal or Other Releases
I Recycling ซ
Treatment
ฆ Reporting Facilities
Energy Recovery
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 6.3 billion pounds of production-related waste, 61% of
which was managed through recycling. Nationally, 53% of production-related waste was
managed through recycling.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 46%, driven
by one facility that reported recycling 2 billion pounds of dichloromethane for 2018.
fClick to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
o Excluding that facility, production-related waste managed in Region 4 increased
by 19 million pounds (<1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 1.1 billion pounds (22%), driven
by one facility that reported recycling 2 billion pounds of dichloromethane for 2018.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Excluding this facility, production-related waste managed in the region decreased by 910
million pounds (18%). Quantities of waste managed by every method (i.e., recycling,
treatment, energy recovery, and disposal and releases) decreased.
o Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28%
since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 4.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 4 1.1 Production-Related Waste
() Releases
1111111111111
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 491 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o methanol and ammonia to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o manganese and manganese compounds and zinc and zinc
compounds to land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds, manganese and manganese
compounds, and nitrate compounds transferred off site for
disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 12.4 million pounds (3%), driven by
increased off-site transfers for disposal. Nationally, releases decreased
by 3% since 2017.
o The increase in releases was driven by one facility which reported a 7.2 million
pound increase in releases from 2017 to 2018 fClick to view facility details in the
P2 tool!.
900
800
^ 700
ง 600
o
ฃ 500
0
ฃ 400
= 300
1 200
100
0
2018 Highlight
On-site air releases in
Region 4 decreased
by 61% since 2007.
The largest decrease
in air releases was
reported by electric
utilities, which
continued to report
decreased air
releases from 2017 to
2018.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Contribution by state to the Region 4 releases in pounds were: Tennessee (18%),
Alabama (17%), Mississippi (13%), Florida (13%), North Carolina (11%), Kentucky
(10%), Georgia (10%), and South Carolina (8%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 4 were: Florida (60%), Tennessee (12%), North Carolina (7%), Georgia (6%),
Alabama (6%), South Carolina (5%), Kentucky (3%), and Mississippi (2%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 4 decreased by 364 million pounds (43%). Nationally, releases of
TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium (air, water, land, and off-site transfers
for disposal) decreased, with the largest reduction in releases to air.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 5% of facilities in Region 4 (243 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in
the computers and electronic products sector, where 18% of facilities reported source reduction
activities. As one example of source reduction in Region 4, a railcar manufacturer in Alabama
began purchasing low-manganese welding wire for use in production. I"Click to view facility
details in the P2 tooll.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Regional Profile for EPA Region 5
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 5. Region 5 includes Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, and 35 tribes.
Region 5 serves 6 states
and 35 tribes
REGION 5'S
POPULATION IS
52.5 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Primary metals
Electric utilities
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Zinc and zinc compounds
Manganese and manganese compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
5,366 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 5 covers 16% of the US population and includes 25% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 5.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 5, 2018
All Others: 21%
NonmetallicMineral
Products: 5%
Machinery: 6%
Plasticsand Rubber:./
7%
Food Manufacturing:
7%
Fabricated Metals:
20%
Chemical
\_ Manufacturing: 15%
Primary Metals: 10%
Transportation
Equipment: 9%
In 2018:
5,366 facilities in Region 5 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
fabricated metals (i.e., manufacture of metal products) or chemical manufacturing
sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were similar to 2017
reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 5 were from the primary metals (including iron and steel
manufacturing, and foundries), electric utilities, hazardous waste management, and
chemical manufacturing sectors. Note that relatively few facilities in the electric utilities
and hazardous waste management sectors reported to TRI in this region and those
sectors are included in "All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining,
chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, primary metals, and hazardous waste
management sectors reported the highest releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 5 TRI
Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 5. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 5
(8) Production-Related Waste
to 6
13
a 2
i
o
iiiii
.mill
Releases
73
5,000
n>
"a
o
4,000
r+
era
3,000
~n
qj
n_
2,000
r+
n>"
CO
1,000
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
I Disposal or Other Releases
I Recycling ซ
Treatment
Reporting Facilities
Energy Recovery
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 6.5 billion pounds of production-related waste, 65% of
which was managed through recycling. Nationally, 53% of production-related waste was
managed through recycling.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed remained about the same.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 1.8 billion pounds (37%), driven
by one facility which reported more than 1.6 billion pounds of dichloromethane recycling
every year from 2013 to 2018 fClick to view facility details in the P2 tool!. Excluding this
facility, production-related waste managed in the region increased by 154 million pounds
(3%). Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28%
since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 5.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 5 1 _1 Production-Related Waste
() Releases
1,000
900
tn
800
~o
c
700
3
o
Q_
600
<4
o
500
tn
c
400
o
=
300
200
100
0
ฆ 111111111
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases
I On-site Land Disposal
I On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 509 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o sulfuric acid and ammonia to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o barium and barium compounds and zinc and zinc compounds to
land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds and manganese and manganese
compounds transferred off site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 17.5 million pounds (4%). The
increase in releases occurred across many sectors, with the largest
increases in the primary metals and hazardous waste management
sectors. Releases increased to all media. Nationally, releases decreased by 3% since
2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 5 releases in pounds were: Indiana (26%), Illinois
(24%), Ohio (23%), Michigan (16%), Wisconsin (6%), and Minnesota (5%).
2018 Highlight
Although releases in
Region 5 have
decreased since
2007, releases
increased from 2017
to 2018. The increase
in releases occurred
across many sectors,
and releases
increased to all
media.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 5 were: Ohio (37%), Illinois (29%), Indiana (13%), Michigan (12%), Wisconsin
(6%), and Minnesota (3%).
From 2007 to 2017:
Releases in Region 5 decreased by 353 million pounds (41%). This decrease was driven
by decreased releases by electric utilities and the primary metals sector. Nationally, total
disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium (air, water, land, and off-site transfers
for disposal) decreased, with the largest decreases in releases to air and off-site
transfers for disposal.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 6% of facilities in Region 5 (332 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in
the computers and electronic products sector, where 17% of facilities reported source reduction
activities. For example, a navigation systems manufacturer implemented additional nitrogen
atmosphere soldering capability, reducing lead solder waste. fClick to view facility details in the
P2 tool!.
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February 2020
Regional Profile for EPA Region 6
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 6. Region 6 includes Arkansas, Louisiana,
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and 66 Tribes.
Region 6 serves 5 states
and 66 tribes
REGION 6'S
POPULATION IS
42.4 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Chemicals
Paper
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Ammonia
Methanol
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
2,980 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 6 covers 13% of the US population and includes 14% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 6.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 6, 2018
All Others: 27%
Primary Metals: 5%
Plasticsand Rubber:_/
5%
Machinery:
Petroleum Products
Manufacturing: 6%
Chemical
Manufacturing: 21%
Nonmetallic
_Mineral Products:
13%
Fabricated Metals:
12%
Food Manufacturing: 6%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
2,980 facilities in Region 6 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
chemical manufacturing or nonmetallic mineral products (including concrete
manufacturing) sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were
similar to 2017 reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 6 were from the chemical manufacturing, paper manufacturing,
electric utilities, and petroleum products manufacturing sectors. Note that relatively few
facilities in the paper manufacturing and electric utilities sectors reported to TRI in this
region and those sectors are included in "All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide,
the metal mining, chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals
(including iron and steel manufacturing, and foundries) sectors reported the highest
releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 6
TRI Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 6. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases araph. ^
(#) Production-Related Waste
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 6 Releases
3,200
2,800
J5 ||ll'l|l 2,000
I I I I
| 3 1,200
= rj1
<5 2 800
1 400
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases ^ฆTreatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^ปReporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 7.9 billion pounds of production-related waste, 41% of
which was managed through treatment and 20% of which was combusted for energy
recovery. Nationally, 26% of production-related waste was managed through treatment
and 10% was combusted for energy recovery.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 14%, driven
by one facility that reported recycling 562 million pounds of n-hexane and cyclohexane
in 2018 fClick to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
o Excluding that facility, production-related waste managed in Region 6 increased
by 433 million pounds (6%). Releases reported by most sectors increased, with
the largest increases reported by the primary metals and hazardous waste
management sectors. Quantities of production-related waste combusted for
energy recovery, recycled, and released all increased.
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v>EPA
TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 575 million pounds (8%), driven
by one facility which reported 562 million pounds of recycling for 2018. Excluding this
facility, quantities of production-related waste managed in the region were about the
same in 2018 as 2007.
Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28% since
2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 6.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 6 Production-Related Waste
600
500
tn
ฆa
i 400
o
Q_
0 300
tn
c
J 200
1
100
0
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 466 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o ammonia and methanol to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o ammonia and barium and barium compounds to land; and
o zinc and zinc compounds and methanol transferred off site for
disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 27 million pounds (6%) across media.
Nationally, releases decreased by 3% since 2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 6 releases in pounds were: Texas
(49%), Louisiana (32%), Arkansas (8%), Oklahoma (7%), and New
Mexico (4%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 6 were: Texas (93%), Louisiana (5%), Arkansas (1%), Oklahoma (1%), and
New Mexico (<1%).
l
Releases
III
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
2018 Highlight
Releases decreased
from 2007 to 2018
and continued to
decrease from 2017
to 2018 in the coal
mining, electric
utilities, paper, and
petroleum products
manufacturing
sectors, among
others.
35
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v>EPA
TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 6 decreased by 18.4 million pounds (4%). Nationally, total disposal
or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to air and land decreased, while releases to water and
off-site transfers for disposal increased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 5% of facilities in Region 6 (153 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. As one example of source reduction in Region 6, a petroleum products
manufacturer removed toluene from its lubricant formulas as part of an overall product
strategy. It reported that all toluene had been removed from the manufacturing plant as of
November 2018. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
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Regional Profile for EPA Region 7
Region 7 serves 4 states
and 9 tribes
7. Region 7 includes Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,
REGION 7'S
POPULATION IS
14.1 million IVAXl
PEOPLE |l ||
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Electric utilities
Food
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Barium and barium compounds
Nitrate compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region
Nebraska, and 9 tribes.
1,507 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 7 covers 4% of the US population and includes 7% of all facilities that report to TRI. For
state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal Communities
section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 7.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 7, 2018
All Others: 19%
Primary Metals: 4%.
Plasticsand Rubber:.
6%
Transportation./
Equipment: 7%
Machinery: 8%_
Chemical
Manufacturing: 18%
Food
^Manufacturing: 15%
Nonmetallic
Mineral Products:
11%
Fabricated Metals: 11%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
1,507 facilities in Region 7 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
chemical manufacturing or food manufacturing sectors. The number of facilities and
sectors reporting for 2018 were similar to 2017 reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 7 were from the electric utilities, food manufacturing, metal
mining, and chemical manufacturing sectors. Note that relatively few facilities in the
electric utilities and metal mining sectors reported to TRI in this region and those sectors
are included in "All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining,
chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals (including iron and steel
manufacturing, and foundries) sectors reported the highest releases.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 7 TRI
Factsheet.
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\/LI February 2020
TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 7. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph. production-Related Waste
ฆ ฆ Releases
~o
c
o
Q_
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 7
1,200
1,000
800
600
C
O
= 400
200
I I I I I ฆIII
400 ฃ
200
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
I Disposal or Other Releases
I Recycling ซ
Treatment
Reporting Facilities
Energy Recovery
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 1 billion pounds of production-related waste, 17% of which
was combusted for energy recovery. Nationally, 10% of production-related waste was
combusted for energy recovery.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed decreased by 5%.
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed decreased by 66 million pounds (6%).
Quantities of waste recycled, treated, and disposed of or otherwise released all
decreased, while quantities of waste combusted for energy recovery increased.
Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28% since
2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 7.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 7 1 -1 Production-Related Waste
(ฎ) Releases
llllliliiiii
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 144 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o ammonia and n-hexane to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o barium and barium compounds and lead and lead compounds to
land; and
o nitrate compounds and barium and barium compounds
transferred off site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 14 million pounds (11%). Releases
increased to all media except water. Nationally, releases decreased by
3% since 2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 7 releases in pounds were: Missouri
(42%), Iowa (28%), Kansas (17%), and Nebraska (13%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 7 were: Kansas (35%), Missouri (35%), Iowa (24%), and Nebraska (6%).
250
200
~o
c
o
Q_
150
100
50
2018 Highlight
Although releases in
Region 7 have
decreased since
2007, releases
increased for 2018
due to increased
releases in the
electric utilities, food
manufacturing, metal
mining, and chemical
manufacturing
sectors.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 7 decreased by 81 million pounds (36%). This decrease was driven
by decreased releases in the primary metals and metal mining sectors. Nationally, total
disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium (air, water, land, and off-site transfers
for disposal) decreased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 5% of facilities in Region 7 (70 facilities) reported implementing new source reduction
activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in the
chemical manufacturing sector, where 8% of facilities reported source reduction activities. For
example, an organic chemical manufacturer changed equipment and software controls to better
control ammonia dosing. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
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February 2020
Regional Profile for EPA Region 8
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 8. Region 8 includes Colorado, Montana,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming and 27 tribes.
Region 8 serves 6 states
and 27 tribes
REGION 8'S
POPULATION IS
12.1 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Metal mining
Electric utilities
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Lead and lead compounds
Copper and copper compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
722 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 8 covers 4% of the US population and includes 3% of all facilities that report to TRI. For
state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal Communities
section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 8.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 8, 2018
NonmetallicMineral
Manufacturing: 6%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
722 facilities in Region 8 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
nonmetallic mineral products (including concrete manufacturing), chemical
manufacturing, or food manufacturing sectors. The number of nonmetallic mineral
product facilities reporting for 2018 increased by 24 facilities (a 21% increase in the
number of facilities reporting for that sector) from 2017. The number of facilities
reporting from other sectors for 2018 was similar to the reporting for 2017 in the
region.
Most releases in Region 8 were from the metal mining sector, which accounted for 66%
of releases reported in the region. After metal mining, the electric utilities, primary
metals (including smelters), and chemical manufacturing sectors reported the highest
releases. Note that relatively few facilities in the metal mining and primary metals
sectors reported to TRI in this region and those sectors are included in "All Others" in
the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical manufacturing, electric
utilities, and primary metals sectors reported the highest releases.
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February 2020
o Metal mining facilities typically handle large volumes of material. In this sector,
even a small change in the chemical composition of the mineral deposit being
mined can lead to big changes in the amount of TRI-listed chemicals reported.
Therefore releases in Region 8, where 13 metal mines reported to TRI for 2018,
may differ from national trends. For more information on the metal mining
sector, see the metal mining sector profile.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 8 TRI
Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 8. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 8 (#) Production-Related Waste
1,400 () Releases
1,200 * 1 ^ a ' B B * " "
I: iT^TWi a
II MM II Mil
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^ปReporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 989 million pounds of production-related waste, 44% of
which was disposed of or otherwise released. Nationally, 12% of production-related
waste was disposed of or otherwise released. The high proportion of production-related
waste that is released in Region 8 is driven by metal mines, which disposed of or
otherwise released 99% of their production-related waste for 2018.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed decreased by 12%. The
greatest reductions were in recycling and energy recovery. The reductions in recycling
were largely driven by one metal smelter, while the reduction in energy recovery was
driven by a petroleum refinery.
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February 2020
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 170 million pounds (21%), driven
by increased disposal from the metal mining sector. Excluding the metal mining sector,
production-related waste managed in Region 8 increased by 55 million pounds (9%).
Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28% since
2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 8.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 8 g Production-Related Waste
() Releases
ilniillllll
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 435 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o ammonia and chlorine to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o lead and lead compounds and copper and copper compounds to
land; and
o barium and barium compounds transferred off site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases decreased by 7.5 million pounds (2%). Releases
decreased to all media except land. Nationally, releases decreased by 3%
since 2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 8 releases in pounds were: Utah
(67%), Montana (12%), North Dakota (9%), Colorado (6%), Wyoming
(5%), and South Dakota (2%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
700
600
T3
ฃ
3
O
Q.
500
400
ฃ 300
o
= 200
100
0
2018 Highlight
For 2018, 66% of
total disposal or
other releases
reported in Region 8
were from the metal
mining sector, and
one copper mining
facility in Utah
reported more than
half of the Region's
releases rview facility
details!.
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February 2020
Region 8 were: Colorado (55%), Utah (39%), Montana (3%), North Dakota (3%), South
Dakota (1%), and Wyoming (<1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 8 increased by 138 million pounds (47%). This increase was driven
by increased land disposal by the metal mining sector. Excluding metal mining, releases
in Region 8 increased by 22 million pounds (17%) since 2007. Nationally, total disposal
or other releases of TRI chemicals decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium except land decreased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 6% of facilities in Region 8 (46 facilities) reported implementing new source reduction
activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in the
machinery sector, where 13% of facilities reported source reduction activities. For example, a
turbine manufacturer changed its blade production process so that only one of the two blade
types requires diisocvanates for production. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tooll.
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Regional Profile for EPA Region 9
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 9. Region 9 includes Arizona, California,
Hawaii, Nevada, the Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana
Islands), and 148 Tribes.
REGION 9'S
POPULATION IS ฃ
51.2 million IVAXl
PEOPLE |l |V
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 7, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Metal mining
Primary metals
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Arsenic and arsenic compounds
Manganese and manganese compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
1,661 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 9 covers 15% of the US population and includes 8% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
Region 9 serves 4 states.
Pacific Islands, and 148 tribes
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 9.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 9, 2018
All Others: 34%
Plasticsand Rubber:.
5%
Petroleum Products
Manufacturing: 5%
NonmetallicMineral
Products: 16%
Chemical
_ Manufacturing: 14%
Food
Manufacturing: 7%
Fabricated Metals:
12%
Computers and Electronic
Products: 8%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
1,661 facilities in Region 9 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
nonmetallic mineral products (including concrete and cement manufacturing) or
chemical manufacturing sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018
were similar to 2017 reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 9 were from the metal mining sector, which accounted for 81%
of the region's releases for 2018. After metal mining, the primary metals (including
smelting), hazardous waste management, and petroleum products manufacturing
sectors reported the highest releases. Note that relatively few facilities in the metal
mining, primary metals, and hazardous waste management sectors reported to TRI in
this region and those sectors are included in "All Others" in the pie chart above.
Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary
metals sectors reported the highest releases.
o Metal mining facilities typically handle large volumes of material. In this sector,
even a small change in the chemical composition of the mineral deposit being
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mined can lead to big changes in the amount of TRI-listed chemicals reported.
Therefore releases in Region 9, where 41 metal mines reported to TRI for 2018,
may not follow national trends. For more information on the metal mining sector,
see the metal mining sector profile.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the TRI Region 9
fact sheet.
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February 2020
TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related waste
managed by facilities located in Region 9. For more details on quantities released, toggle to the
Releases graph.
@ Production-Related Waste
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 9 J Releases
2,000
1,600
0>
"a
1,200 3
3'
era
800 n
n>
400 00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^ปReporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 965 million pounds of production-related waste, 57% of
which was disposed of or otherwise released. Nationally, 12% of production-related
waste was disposed of or otherwise released. The high proportion of production-related
waste that is released in Region 9 is driven by metal mines, which disposed of or
otherwise released 93% of their production-related waste for 2018.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 6%, driven by
increased production-related waste managed in the primary metals and metal mining
sectors.
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From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed decreased by 32 million pounds (3%), driven
by decreases in the primary metals sector. Nationally, quantities of production-related
waste managed increased by 28% since 2007, driven by increased recycling.
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The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 9.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 9 ' -' Production-Related Waste
() Releases
iiilllllllll
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
On-site Air Releases ฆ On-site Surface Water Discharges
ฆ On-site Land Disposal ฆ Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 551 million pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o ammonia and sulfuric acid to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o arsenic and arsenic compounds and manganese and manganese
compounds to land; and
o nitrate compounds and manganese and manganese compounds
transferred off site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases increased by 16.3 million pounds (3%). Releases increased to all
media, except off-site transfers for disposal. Nationally, releases decreased by 3% since
2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 9 releases in pounds were: Nevada (62%), Arizona
(31%), California (7%), and Hawaii (1%).
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 9 were: California (80%), Arizona (16%), Nevada (3%), and Hawaii (1%).
800
700
-a 600
o 500
Q_
o 400
tn
| 300
^ 200
100
0
2018 Highlight
TRI releases in
Region 9 are
primarily from metal
mines. Metal mines
reported 81% of the
region's releases for
2018.
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February 2020
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 9 increased by 200 million pounds (57%), driven by increased
releases reported by the metal mining sector, where releases often vary substantially
from year to year. Excluding the metal mining sector, releases in Region 9 increased by
7 million pounds (7%). Nationally, total disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals
decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to air and water decreased, while land disposal and off-
site transfers for disposal increased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 6% of facilities in Region 9 (103 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. Source reduction reporting rates in the region were among the highest in
the electrical equipment sector, where 16% of facilities reported at least one source reduction
activity. For example, a storage battery manufacturer improved its single shot method of
delivering electrolyte in formation to reduce its use of raw materials containing lead
compounds. I"Click to view facility details in the P2 tool"!.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Regional Profile for EPA Region 10
This section examines TRI reporting in EPA Region 10. Region 10 includes Alaska, Idaho,
Oregon, Washington, and 271 tribes.
Region 10 serves 4 states
and 271 tribes
REGION 10'S
POPULATION IS
14.2 million
PEOPLE
m
U.S. Census Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: July 1, 2018
The sectors with the greatest TRI releases in the
region are:
Metal mining
Chemicals
The tri chemicals released in the greatest
quantities in the region are:
Lead and lead compounds
Zinc and zinc compounds
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
747 facilities in the region report to TRI
U.S. EPA TRI, Reporting Year 2018
Region 10 covers 4% of the US population and includes 3% of all facilities that report to TRI.
For state- and tribe-specific TRI data, see the Where You Live section and the Tribal
Communities section.
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Industry Sectors
This chart shows the industry sectors with the most TRI-reporting facilities in Region 10.
Facilities Reporting to TRI by Industry in Region 10, 2018
All Others: 31%
Computers and
Electronic Products:.
5%
Transportation
Equipment: 7%
Primary Metals: 7%
NonmetallicMineral
Products: 12%
Wood Products: 11%
Food
Manufacturing: 10%
Chemical
Manufacturing: 9%
Fabricated Metals:
9%
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
In 2018:
747 facilities in Region 10 reported to TRI. These facilities were most commonly in the
nonmetallic mineral products (including concrete manufacturing) or wood product
manufacturing sectors. The number of facilities and sectors reporting for 2018 were
similar to 2017 reporting for the region.
Most releases in Region 10 were from the metal mining sector, which accounted for
94% of the region's releases for 2018. After metal mining, the chemical
manufacturing, food manufacturing, and paper manufacturing sectors reported the
highest releases. Note that relatively few facilities in the metal mining sector or paper
manufacturing sectors reported to TRI in this region and those sectors are included in
"All Others" in the pie chart above. Nationwide, the metal mining, chemical
manufacturing, electric utilities, and primary metals (including iron and steel
manufacturing, and foundries) sectors reported the highest releases.
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February 2020
o Metal mining facilities typically handle large volumes of material. In this sector,
even a small change in the chemical composition of the mineral deposit being
mined can lead to big changes in the amount of TRI-listed chemicals reported.
Therefore releases in Region 10, where 13 metal mines reported to TRI for 2018,
may not follow national trends. For more information on the metal mining sector,
see the metal mining sector profile.
For information on the facilities with the greatest releases in the region, see the Region 10 TRI
Factsheet.
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TRI Waste Management Trend
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals in production-related
waste managed by facilities located in Region 10. For more details on quantities released,
toggle to the Releases graph.
Production-Related Waste Managed, EPA Region 10 ฎ Production~Relatecl Waste
i,8oo O Releases
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Disposal or Other Releases Treatment Energy Recovery
Recycling ^^"Reporting Facilities
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported managing 1.4 billion pounds of production-related waste, 77% of
which was disposed of or otherwise released. Nationally, 12% of production-related
waste was disposed of or otherwise released. The high proportion of production-related
waste that is released in Region 10 is driven by metal mines, which disposed of or
otherwise released 99.9% of their production-related waste for 2018.
Since 2017, quantities of production-related waste managed decreased by 14%, driven
by decreased releases by metal mines. Excluding metal mines, production-related waste
in Region 10 decreased by 15.7 million pounds (4%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Total production-related waste managed increased by 275 million pounds (27%), driven
by increased releases reported by metal mines. Excluding metal mines, production-
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related waste managed in the region decreased by 91.4 million pounds (22%).
Nationally, quantities of production-related waste managed increased by 28% since
2007, driven by increased recycling.
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February 2020
The following graph shows the annual quantities of TRI chemicals released by facilities located
in Region 10.
Total Disposal or Other Releases, EPA Region 10 0 Production-Related Waste
() Releases
1,400
1,200
tn
~o
c
1,000
3
o
Q_
800
o
tn
c
600
o
400
200
0
2007 2008 2009 2010
On-site Air Releases
ฆ On-site Land Disposal
2011
2012 2013
Year
2014 2015 2016 2017
2018
I On-site Surface Water Discharges
Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
Note: For comparability, trend graphs include only those chemicals that were reportable to TRI for all years presented.
In 2018:
Facilities reported 1.1 billion pounds of releases.
The chemicals released in the greatest quantities by medium were:
o methanol and ammonia to air;
o nitrate compounds to water;
o lead and lead compounds and zinc and zinc compounds to land;
and
o nitrate compounds and zinc and zinc compounds transferred off
site for disposal.
Since 2017, releases decreased by 211 million pounds (17%). This
decrease was driven by the metal mining sector. Excluding metal mining,
releases decreased by 8.1 million pounds (12%) since 2017. Nationally, releases
decreased by 3% since 2017.
Contribution by state to the Region 10 releases in pounds were: Alaska (92%), Idaho
(3%), Washington (3%), and Oregon (2%).
2018 Highlight
TRI releases in
Region 10 are
dominated by one
metal mine. For
2018,the Red Dog
mine reported 84%
of the region's
releases rview facility
details!.
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February 2020
To consider the potential health risk from chronic exposure to these releases, EPA uses
a risk-screening score from the RSEI model. Contributions by state to the RSEI score for
Region 10 were: Oregon (79%), Washington (21%), Idaho (<1%), and Alaska (<1%).
From 2007 to 2018:
Releases in Region 10 increased by 326 million pounds (45%). This was driven by the
metal mining sector. Excluding the metal mining sector, releases in Region 10 decreased
by 40 million pounds (40%). Nationally, total disposal or other releases of TRI chemicals
decreased by 9% since 2007.
Quantities of chemicals released to every medium except land decreased.
Source Reduction
In 2018, 6% of facilities in Region 10 (45 facilities) reported implementing new source
reduction activities. As one example of source reduction in Region 10, a ship manufacturer
reduced stvrene waste by ensuring that resins were used before expiration and by
implementing infusion processes during hull and other small parts manufacturing. I"Click to view
facility details in the P2 tooll.
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Where You Live
Use the selections above the map to look at disposal and other releases of Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI) chemicals that occurred at various geographic levels throughout the United
States during 2018.
Show map by: ฎ States D Metropolitan Areas O Watersheds O Tribal
Search: State: | Select .- v| or Zip Code: | | City: (Optional) | County: (Optional)-
Data to Display:
Total Releases
kvEPA
TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.gov/trinationalanalvsis/
February 2020
Click on any one of the locations on the map to see detailed information.
View Larger Map
To view a summary of TRI release data, choose from the two rows of options above the map or
search directly within the map by zooming in on a particular area and clicking on a state,
metropolitan area, or watershed. In addition to viewing maps based on release quantities, you
can also view maps based on risk-screening scores, which are estimates of potential human
health risk generated by EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators fRSEI) model. These
unitless scores represent relative human health risk from chronic exposures to TRI chemicals
and allow one to compare RSEI scores across locations. For more on RSEI, see the Hazard and
Potential Risk of TRI Chemicals section.
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As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when reading about or using the TRI
data. Key factors associated with data presented are summarized in the Introduction. For more
information see Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data.
States and Metropolitan Areas
For TRI purposes, "states" includes all U.S. territories. For 2018, all 56 states and territories had
facilities that reported releases to the TRI Program. Texas, Ohio, and California had the most
facilities that reported to TRI, and together accounted for 20% of total TRI-reporting facilities in
2018.
More than 80% of the United States' population and many of the industrial and federal facilities
that report to the TRI Program are located in urban areas. "Metropolitan statistical areas" and
"micropolitan statistical areas" in the United States are defined by the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) and consist of one or more socially and economically integrated adjacent
counties, cities, or towns.
Watersheds
A watershed is the land area that drains to a common waterway. Rivers, lakes, estuaries,
wetlands, streams, and oceans are catch basins for the land adjacent to them. Ground water
aquifers are replenished based on water flowing down through the land area above them.
Large aquatic ecosystems (LAEs) comprise multiple small watersheds and water resources
within a large geographic area. The Large Aquatic Ecosystems Council was created by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency in 2008 to focus on protecting and restoring the health of
critical aquatic ecosystems. Currently, there are 10 LAEs in this program.
Water pollution, surface runoff, contaminated sediment, discharges of chemicals, and air
emissions can affect the quality of the land, water, and living resources within an aquatic
ecosystem. Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals can be especially problematic in
aquatic ecosystems because pollutants can accumulate in sediments and may bioaccumulate in
aquatic organisms and the tissues of fish and other wildlife within the food chain to
concentrations many times higher than in the water or air, which ultimately may cause
environmental health problems for humans and wildlife.
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TRI Disposal c
Air ฆ Water
Gulf of Mexico (367 million
Great Lakes (218 million
Columbia River Basin (105 million
Chesapeake Bay (39 million
San Francisco Bay Delta (23 million
Puget Sound - Georgia Basin (6 million
Long Island Sound (4 million
South Florida (2 million
Lake Champlain Basin (688 thousand
Pacific Islands (494 thousand
Total Disposal or Other Releases within Large Aquatic
Ecosystems per Square Mile, 2018
Gulf of Mexico
Great Lakes
Pacific Islands
Chesapeake Bay
Columbia River Basin
Puget Sound - Georgia Basin
San Francisco Bay Delta
Long Island Sound
South Florida
Lake Champlain Basin
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
Pounds perSq. Mile
vvEPA
)r Other Releases within Large Aquatic
Ecosystems, 2018
ฆ Land ฆ Total Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
pounds)
0% 20% 40% 60%
Percent of Total
80%
100%
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February 2020
Tribal Communities
Under EPA policy, the Agency works with federally recognized tribes on a government-to-
government basis to protect the land, air, and water in Indian..countiy. and Alaska Native
villages and to support tribal assumption of program authority. Facilities located in Indian
country that meet TRI reporting requirements must indicate the appropriate three-digit Bureau
of Indian Affairs fBIAl tribal code on annual TRI reporting forms. These codes tell the EPA on
which tribal land the facility is located.
In 2018, there were 43 facilities located in the Indian country of 19 different federally
recognized tribes. These facilities collectively reported 41 million pounds of production-related
waste and 13 million pounds of releases (total disposal or other releases). Of the releases
reported, 99% of the TRI releases in Indian country occurred on site, and 94% of these
releases were disposal to land reported by electric utilities and metal mining facilities. In 2018,
these facilities primarily released metal compounds such as lead, copper and barium. Lead and
copper are often present in the mineral ore disposed of by metal mines, and barium is present
in coal and oil combusted at electric utilities.
The table below provides more details about various types of releases and waste management
reported by facilities on federally recognized tribal lands.
Quick Facts for 2018: Facilities on Tribal Lands
Measure
Value
Number of Facilities that Reported to TRI
43
Number of Tribes with TRI Facilities
19
Production-Related Waste Managed
40.59 million lb
Recycling
15.47 million lb
Energy Recovery
4.41 million lb
Treatment
7.49 million lb
Disposal or Other Releases
13.22 million lb
Total Disposal or Other Releases
13.22 million lb
On-site
13.09 million lb
Air
0.61 million lb
Water
3.22 thousand lb
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.gov/trinationalanaivsis/
February 2020
Measure
Value
Land
12.47 million lb
Off-site
0.13 million lb
The interactive chart below includes various data related to TRI releases by the facilities located
on tribal lands. Use the buttons in the top gray row to filter the data by industry sector,
chemical, and/or tribe. The blue dropdown button on the left allows you to view the data
differently by changing which chart is displayed. Visit the TRI for Tribal Communities Olik
dashboard to explore even more information about releases of chemicals on or near tribal
lands. Additional information about all TRI facilities is also available in the full 2018 TRI National
Analysis Olik dashboard.
Select ctiarts from ms menu *
Clear Setedwns
Total Releases by Tribe, 2818
Total Releases for 19 Tribes: 13.217.01 <1 lbs
UK Indian Tribe of the Uintah
Navajo Nation, Arizof)-.
1 Contartrawd TrvbM a
I Navajo Nation, Arisen..
i PuyaSup TriDe of the P.
I Tonotfo O odrtam NWL
I Ute Indian Tribe of Ute.
I Others
Tohono Oo-dhaun Nation,,,
The interactive table below lists the federally recognized tribes that had at least one TRI-
reporting facility on their lands, along with the total releases reported by facilities, the number
of facilities, and a link to a fact sheet with more information about TRI facilities on each tribe's
land. Click on a column header to change the sorting of the table.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.gov/trinationalanaivsis/
February 2020
Total Disposal or Other Releases on Tribal Lands by Tribe, 2018
Tribes in 2618, Sorted by Releases and Number of Facilities
This table is interactive - click the column headers to change the sorting of the table.
Tribe ^
Total Releases
(lbs)
Number of
Facilities
Fact
Sheet ^
Totals
13,23^,014
43
Tofiono O'odham Nation of Arizona
8,775,888
1
Link
Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
2,735,137
2
Link
Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah & Ouray Reservation, Utah
1,120,882
1
Link
Puyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation
296,633
10
Link
Confederated Tribes and Bands of theYakama Nation
145,732
3
Link
Coeur D'AleneTribe (previously listed as the Coeur D'Alene
Tribe of the Coeur DAIene Reservation, Idaho)
108,344
2
Link
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
27,880
1
Link
Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan
3,118
1
Link
Arapaho Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
1,570
1
Link
Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian
Reservation, Arizona and California
715
1
Link
Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
340
4
Link
Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian
Reservation, Arizona
325
8
Link
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River
Reservation, Arizona
240
1
Link
Poarch Band of Creeks (previously listed as the Poarch Band
of Creek Indians of Alabama)
183
1
Link
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
10
2
Link
Tuialip Tribes of Washington {previously listed as theTulalip
Tribes of the Tulaiip Reservation, Washington)
10
1
Link
Nez Perce Tribe (previously listed as Mez Perce Tribe of Idaho)
6
1
Link
Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon
Reservation, California
0
1
Link
Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation
0
1
Link
Additional resources for tribes are available on the TRI for Tribal Communities weboaae. The
webpage includes more detailed analyses of TRI data, links to other online tools, and Tribal
Program Manager contact information.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.gov/trinationalanaivsis/
February 2020
TRI and Beyond
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a powerful resource that provides the public with
information about how TRI chemicals are managed by facilities in the United States. However,
there are many other programs at EPA that collect information about chemicals and the
environment. The next figure is an overview of some of the laws that EPA implements, and the
industrial activities or processes EPA regulates under these laws.
Whiie many programs at EPA focus on one area, TRI covers waste management activities
including the release of chemicals to air, water, and land, and waste transfers. As a result, TRI
data are especially valuable, as they can be used with many other datasets to provide a more
complete picture of national trends in chemical use, chemical management, environmental
release and other waste management practices, and environmental performance.
Underground
Injection
Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA)
Clean Air Act (CAA)
Chemical
Manufacturing
and Processing
ฆ Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA)
' Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Air Emissions
Products
Water
Pollution .
Prevention Act D'scharges
1 Clean Water Act (CWA)
ฆ Ocean Dumping Act
(ODA)
1 Resource
Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
Waste
Transfers
Land
Disposal
> Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA)
ป Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and
Liabilty Act (CERCLA)
' Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
Note: The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) establishes requirements for
emergency planning, preparedness, and reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals involving air
releases, water releases, land disposal, waste transfers, and the quantities of chemicals on site, the type
and location of storage of those chemicals, and their use.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.eov/trinationalanalvsis/
February 2020
Throughout EPA, offices use TRI data to support their mission to protect human health and the
environment. These uses include technical analysis for regulation, informing program priorities,
providing information to stakeholders, and many other applications.
This section of the National Analysis highlights how TRI data contribute to Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) data and risk evaluations, and how TRI has served as a model for other
pollutant release and transfer inventories around the world.
As with any dataset, there are several factors to consider when reading about or using the TRI
data. Key factors associated with data presented are summarized in the Introduction. For more
information see Factors to Consider When Using Toxics Release Inventory Data.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.gov/trinationalanaivsis/
February 2020
TSCA and TRI
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA'). as amended by the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical
Safety for the 21st Century Act, is the nation's primary chemicals management law. Under
TSCA, existing chemicals in commerce and new chemicals intended for use in commerce are
reviewed for safety through a risk-based process with increased public transparency, EPA has
identified chemicals for further assessment under TSCA, referred to as work plan chemicals, to
help focus and direct EPA's activities.
The three stages of EPA's process for evaluating the safety of existing chemicals are
prioritization, risk evaluation, and risk management. During both the prioritization and risk
evaluation stages of the process, TRI serves as a source of information as illustrated in the
figure below. TRI data may also be used in the risk management stage of the process.
TRI Data Use in TSCA Chemical Evaluations
PRIORITIZATION
RISK EVALUATION
RISK MANAGEMENT
TRI data can help to inform
prioritization efforts:
EXPOSURE
HAZARD
RISK
TRI chemical list includes
MANAGEMENT
approximately 2/3 of the TSCA
Work Plan Chemicals
TRI data are:
Annual
Multi-media
Releases & waste
management activities
General
population
Occupational
Ecological
TRI data (along
with other
sources of
information)
TRI data provides
chemical use information
and both voluntary and
mandatory P2 information
that may help inform risk
management decisions.
Facility-level
Certified
Prioritization. Approximately two-thirds of the chemicals identified in the 2014 update of
the TSCA Work Plan are also included on the TRI list of chemicals. TRI can inform prioritization
of chemicals for risk evaluation because TRI data are submitted annually and contain
information on the location of the facility and its release quantities of TRI chemicals to air,
water and land, and transferred to off-site locations. Note that designation as a TRI chemical by
itself does not determine high or low priority for a chemical.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
Risk evaluation. A TSCA risk evaluation of a chemical is a comprehensive evaluation of the
risk the chemical poses to human health and the environment over the chemical's life cycle. EPA
evaluates the conditions of use for the chemical, which may include manufacturing and import,
processing, use, distribution in commerce, and disposal. During risk evaluation, EPA is required
to assess exposure to the chemical in the workplace, to the general population and to ecological
receptors. This includes assessment of exposure to susceptible subpopulations that may be
sensitive to the potential hazards posed by the chemical under review. The TRI data are used to
estimate these exposures that may impact the general population and ecological resources.
Risk Management. If EPA determines that a chemical presents unreasonable risk of adverse
effects to human health or the environment, EPA will evaluate options for lessening that risk.
EPA is required to implement, via regulation, restrictions on the manufacture, processing,
distribution in commerce, use and/or disposal of the chemical to eliminate the unreasonable
risk. EPA is given a range of risk management options under TSCA, including labeling with
warnings and instructions for use, recordkeeping or notice requirements, actions to reduce
human exposure or environmental release, or a ban of the chemical or of certain uses of the
chemical. EPA often uses TRI data, such as on chemical use and pollution prevention, to inform
these risk management decisions.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.eov/trinationalanalvsis/
February 2020
High-priority Substances for TSCA Risk Evaluation
In 2017, EPA published the scope of the risk evaluations to be conducted for the initial ten
chemicals undergoing risk evaluation under the amended TSCA. In December 2019, EPA
announced the next 20 chemicals to undergo risk evaluation. Finalizing this list of high-priority
chemicals for risk evaluation represents the final step in the TSCA prioritization process and
marks another major TSCA milestone for EPA in its efforts to ensure the safety of existing
chemicals in the marketplace. Of these 20 chemical substances, 13 are currently individually
listed TRI chemicals. TRI is well suited to help inform the risk evaluation process because TRI
includes annual data on the location of reporting facilities and their releases of TRI chemicals to
air, water, land, and quantities transferred off site.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.eov/trinationalanalvsis/
February 2020
TRI Around the World
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Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
In 1986, the TRI Program was established as the first national Pollutant Release and Transfer
Register (PRTR) in the world. Since then, environmental agencies around the world have been
increasingly implementing their own right-to-know PRTR programs with the TRI serving as a
model. Currently, at least 50 countries have fully established PRTRs or have implemented pilot
programs, as shown in the map below. More are expected to be developed over the coming
years, particularly in Asian, South American, and African countries.
As global PRTR implementation continues to grow, the TRI Program will continue to work with
international organizations to:
Assist in the development of PRTR programs in other countries,
Encourage other countries to develop initiatives aimed at making existing PRTR data more
comparable to allow better analysis of the data on a global scale, and
Make PRTR data more useful for assessing progress towards sustainability.
As an example, the TRI Program is currently working with the Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development fOECD1) EXIT on a project to use global PRTR data to assess
progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals established in the United Nation's 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development EXIT, as described in the Project Spotlight below. For
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TRI National Analysis 2018
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February 2020
information on international PRTR activities, projects and partners, see TRI's International
webpaae.
International Project Spotlight: Using PRTR Data to Assess Progress toward the U.N.
Sustainable Development Goals
Background. The TRI Program is collaborating in a project to use global PRTR data to assess progress
toward the United Nations' (U.N.) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals are designed to
"shift the world on to a sustainable and resilient path" by setting targets that encompass the economic,
environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability. As
stakeholders act toward achieving the SDGs, the U.N. will
measure progress toward the Goals using existing data where
possible. One such existing data source for some of the SDGs
may be found in countries' PRTR data.
Initial Project Focus. The U.N. SPG Target 12.4 EXIT was
identified as the target most directly relevant to PRTR data
and is the focus of this initial phase of the project. This target
focuses on reducing chemical releases to the environment.
Project Status. Global analyses of PRTR data are currently
underway based on aggregated data for multiple chemicals
from multiple countries in order to recommend possible metrics to track progress in reducing chemical
releases to the environment. A sample figure below shows the trend for air and water releases of one
pollutant from manufacturing facilities as reported to 6 of the 7 PRTRs in the project.
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SDG Target 12.4
By 2020, achieve the environmentally
sound management of chemicals and all
wastes throughout their life cycle, in
accordance with agreed international
frameworks, and significantly reduce
their release to air, water and soil in
order to minimize their adverse impacts
on human health and the environment.
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TRI National Analysis 2018
www.epa.eov/trinationalanalvsis/
February 2020
Releases of trichloroethylene to air and water from manufacturing facilities by PRTR (kg)
1*1
2008
2017
Australia-
NPI
Canada-
NPRI
European
Union-
E-PRTR
Japan-
PRTR
Mexico-
RETC
United
States-TRI
I
ฆ
r
i
i
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
PRTRs included in the analyses: Australia - National Pollutant Inventory (NPI), Canada - National Pollutant Release
Inventory (NPRI), Chile - Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes (RETC, not shown here),
European Union - European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), Japan Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register (PRTR), Mexico - Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes (RETC), United States -
Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
Next steps. As the project progresses and the methods and metrics are reviewed and refined, the
findings may be included in the next update of the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals Report EXIT.
Read more about the TRI Around the World.
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