June 2021

Projects that Reduce Residential
Wood Smoke Emissions

Description:

Title

Project Stove Swap - Powerful Project Partnerships

Location

(City, Counties, Region)

Northeast Minnesota - 17 counties in the northeast region of Minnesota

Population/Number of homes
covered by project

•	322 individual homes were assisted with stove swap-outs

•	Entire Northeast Minnesota region benefited from improved
air quality and media engagement/outreach efforts

Objectives
(NAAQS

attainment/maintenance,
indoor air, visibility, air toxics,
public education)

Between 2016-2020, Project Stove Swap (PSS) operated in a 17-county
area in Minnesota's Northeastern Arrowhead region. PPS's approach
balances economic development, public health benefits, and strong
environmental outcomes to leverage respective strengths and accomplish
beneficial outcomes greater than an individual entity could achieve. PSS
was originally designed around a supplemental environmental project,
but was redesigned to leverage additional resources, add partners, and
gain greater environmental, health, and economic benefits. Public
education and engagement elements were included in the project
redesign.

PPS worked with the North Central Hearth, Patio and Barbecue
Association to connect with vendor partners throughout the region to
ensure eligible technologies were available within the 17-county service
area. Working with shops and local associations, PSS vendors became the
greatest advocates for the effort. Each vendor's project knowledge,
engagement, and standing in their community became a valuable asset
for recruitment and meeting participant needs.

Milestones

(Project time frame, number of
changeouts, air quality goals,
number of low-income homes
targeted if applicable)

•	Prioritized at-risk populations (the elderly, Tribal members, and
income-qualified participants) and obtained additional funding to
provide the greatest possible incentives—sometimes covering the
entire project cost - for these most sensitive families.

•	Leveraged additional project resources and funding to develop
otherwise unrealized partnerships with private foundations,
companies, and local, state, and federal governmental entities

•	Provided an educational element on the vital importance of
burning dry wood with vendor and participant training,
instructional material, and moisture meters.

•	Demonstrated the power of aligning public, private, and
community interests—each with differing motivations—to reach


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June 2021

Title

Project Stove Swap - Powerful Project Partnerships



mutually beneficial outcomes. With an overall goal of serving the
entire state, Project Stove Swap's work will shift to the Twin Cities
metropolitan area. We believe this model is transferable outside
of the original service area and will allow Clean Air Minnesota to
continue to work on emissions reductions through stove change-
outs.

Budget

(projected/actual cost)

Project Stove Swap and additional leveraged funding $766,499
Vendor/Manufacturer Discounts $53,933
Customer Contributions $1,129,352

Total $1,949,784

Funding Sources
(government funds, grants,
Supplemental Environmental
Project, fees, etc.)

•	Minnesota Power Supplemental Environmental Project

•	Flint Hills Resources project support

•	Northland Foundation

•	Duluth Superior Area Foundation

•	EPA Tribal Change-out grant

•	Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Energy
Assistance

•	Vendor and Manufacturer Discounts

Partners

(government/private
organizations involved)

Minnesota Power

Flint Hills Resources

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Northland Foundation

Duluth Superior Area Foundation

North Central Hearth, Patio, & Barbecue Association

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

All in One Outdoor Wood Furnace

Bougalis Construction

Wilkening Fireplace

Duluth Stove and Fireplace

Fireplace Lifestyles

Energy Plus, Inc.

MMT Heating and Cooling

Greentech Manufacturing, Inc.

Fire Works Fireplace Installation

Shannon's, Inc.

Fireplace Corner

Hearthside Corner

SCR, Inc.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

Holland & Hearth


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June 2021

Title

Project Stove Swap - Powerful Project Partnerships



Bernard Dalsin Manufacturing
Hearth & Home Technologies, Inc.
Central Boiler, Inc.

Incentives Offered (rebates,
discounts, vouchers, incentives
for low income homes, etc.)

The consent decree defined the general incentive amounts for the various
types of swap-out technologies. The cleaner the technology and the
greater the emission reductions, the larger the incentive. Our effort
focused on maximizing work with income-eligible customers, especially
Tribal members. The incentive levels for income-qualified change-outs
often posed barriers for customers who most needed assistance.
Generally, change-out costs ranged from an average of $4,480 for wood
stoves to $11,100 for hydronic heaters, while the income-qualified
incentives ranged from $3,000 for wood stoves to $10,000 for outdoor
hydronic heaters. The maximum incentives set by the consent decree
often fell $1,500 to $2,000 short of the full cost to change out an
appliance. In addition, many of the income-qualified change-outs
required more extensive re-model or replacement of chimney venting,
hearth pads, or whole-home heating systems, which further increased
costs. To receive income-qualified incentives, residents had to qualify for
any one of a variety of federal or state assistance programs, with income
cut-offs typically between $20,000 and $24,000. For the residents most
needing change-outs, paying the un-funded share of $l,500-$3,000 was
not financially feasible.

Income-qualified change-outs did not move forward early in the program
without additional external sources of funding to pay the balance of the
project's costs. This introduced significant challenges for potential
partners, existing vendors, Environmental Initiative, and most
importantly, customers themselves.

For vendors visiting prospective Project Stove Swap customers who
ultimately couldn't afford change-out costs, the visits took up staffing
resources that would not necessarily lead to new projects and became a
strain on their businesses. In addition, many of the homes which vendors
visited had wood appliances that were dangerous due to cracked
chimneys, inadequate clearance to combustibles, or poorly designed
venting. Vendors expressed both ethical and liability-related concerns
about leaving those appliances in place and not condemning the homes.
But the appliances were often a sole source of heat for a home. Having
visited and inspected these dangerous installations, but not having made
any significant changes, vendors could be liable if there were subsequent
injuries or property damage. Rather than abandon or diminish the
income-eligible work, Environmental Initiative sought additional funding
to alleviate these problems and continue this much needed work.


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June 2021

Title

Project Stove Swap - Powerful Project Partnerships

Ordinances/Regulations
(mandates for cleaner-burning
hearth devices)

Not applicable

Project Yardstick
(number of woodsheds
constructed, number of stoves
replaced with new stoves or
other technology, etc.)

•	Partnered with 13 local, small businesses

•	Invested $1.9 million in local economies

•	Cut heating costs for more than 30 income-qualified households

•	Swapped 322 appliances

•	Removed the air emissions equivalent to more than 985,000 cars
from the road

Outreach/Marketing
(radio/TV public service
announcements, workshops,
woodstoves expo, flyers,
mailouts, social media)

Project material can be found at the following link:
https://environmental-initiative.org/work/proiect-stove-swap/

PSS used earned media as a primary mechanism to build and
maintain general participant interest in the work. This consisted of an
initial press conference on January 31, 2017, announcing the project's
launch, followed by a press release during the 2018 heating season.
PSS also worked with many vendors to do their own advertising and
earned media work, yielding at least two of the feature articles listed
below. A full summary of the project's earned media is included
below. This was an incredibly effective strategy, yielding 10 feature
stories about the project in local and regional outlets, detailed below.
In fact, 61 (20%) applicants named one of these articles as the way
they learned about the effort.

Air Quality Data/Other Results
(current project area's air
quality status and is improving
indoor air quality part of
project)

Total emission reductions from the 322 wood-burning appliance
replacements were 56.084 tons of particulate matter, 30.054 tons of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and more than 222 tons of
carbon monoxide. In addition, improved burn rate efficiencies
eliminated more than 1,100 tons of wood from being burned.

Lessons Learned
(What worked? What didn't?
Tips? How can project be
improved?)

Greater incentives for income-eligible customers

The original project was leveraged to gain additional resources. We
worked with the EPA, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota
Tribes, and corporate partners and foundations to raise the funds and
adjust the project accordingly.

The EPA allowed us to add assistance programs to include more
income-eligible customers. The EPA also allowed customers to show
that they were eligible for the assistance projects as opposed to
participating in the projects - this was a point of principle for some
customers.

Original qualification programs included: Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program; Medical Assistance; Women, Infants, and


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June 2021

Title

Project Stove Swap - Powerful Project Partnerships



Children's Program; and Low-Income Heating/Weatherization
Assistance Program. The EPA agreed to also allow: Social Security
Disability Insurance; Free and Reduced Lunch, Head Start, and
MinnesotaCare. This expansion was especially helpful to perform and
expand the work with Tribal members.

Rather than focusing on getting money out the door as fast as
possible, we chose to focus on the customers' stories and emphasize
vendor project relationships. This important shift allowed us to raise
additional funding and complete more income-eligible projects while
maintaining the overall efficacy of the project.

Project Contact
(name, organization, phone
number, email address, web
link to project)

Alii Mueller, Project Manager, Environmental Initiative

amueller(3en-in.org

715-892-6956 cell

Bill Droessler, Program Development Officer, Environmental Initiative

bdroessler(3en-in.org

651-253-3908 cell

Environmental Initiative
Project Stove Swap

https://environmental-initiative.org/work/proiect-stove-swap/


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