Final Risk Evaluation for Asbestos Part 1: Chrysotile Asbestos Systematic Review Supplemental File: Data Quality Evaluation of Environmental Releases and Occupational Exposure Data December 2020


United States
tail	Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Chemical Safety and
Pollution Prevention

Final Risk Evaluation for

Asbestos

Part 1: Chrysotile Asbestos

Systematic Review Supplemental File:

Data Quality Evaluation of Environmental
Releases and Occupational Exposure Data

December 2020

-------
This document is a compilation of tables for the data extraction and evaluation of common
sources for environmental releases and occupational exposure of the first 10 chemicals. This
document may contain sources that were not used for the risk evaluation of Asbestos. Each table
shows the data point or set or information element that was extracted and evaluated from a
data source in accordance with Appendix D of the Application of Systematic Review in TSCA
Risk Evaluations. If the source contains more than one data set or information element, the
review provides an overall confidence score for each data set or information element that is found
in the source. Therefore, it is possible that a source may have more than one overall quality/
confidence score.

Table of Contents

Page

Occupational Exposure	3

Explanatory Notes

These explanatory notes provide context to understand the short comments in the data evaluation tables.

Domain

Metric

Description of Comments Field

Reliability

Methodology

Indicates the sampling/analytical methodology, estimation method, or
type of publication

Repre sentativene ss

Geographic Scope

Indicates the country of the study, publication, or underlying data

Applicability

Indicates whether the data are for a condition of use within scope of the
Risk Evaluation

Temporal Representativeness

Provides the year of study, publication, or underlying data

Sample Size

Describes the distribution of the sample or underlying data

Accessibility / Clarity

Metadata Completeness

Describes the completeness of the metadata

Variability and Uncertainty

Metadata Completeness

Indicates if study or publication addresses variability and uncertainty of
the data or information

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Occupational Exposure

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Source Citation: Mauskopf, J. A.. 1987. Projections of cancer risks attributable to future exposure to asbestos. Risk Analysis.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 338

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Exposure Duration:

Other

Friction products, A/C pipes, coatings and sealants, paper products, V/A floor

tile, gaskets and packing, textiles, A/C sheet, plastics

Solid

Inhalation

Exposure expressed in number of fibers people were exposed to per year. For
current uses, data ranges from 200 fibers/year (pipe installation) to 1.56B fibers/
year (use of textiles)

N/A (fibers/year estimates derived from OSHA data)

N/A (mean level of exposure per year by product category is presented)

Activities include installation, use, and repair/disposal for the various product

categories.

Estimates range from 1265 people who were estimated (in 1983) to be installing
"sheet"; to 551,207 people estsimated to be involved in repair/disposal work
involving friction products.

Annual/cumulative estimate of number of fibers exposued to per year.

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology Low xl 3 1983 osha Data

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

High x 1
Medium x 2

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness Low x 2
Metric 5: Sample Size Low x 1

1 United States

4 Most applicable condition of use was friction products with no indicator it was
for aftermarket auto parts

6 1983

3 data estimates total number of fibers workers are exposed to per year, based on
1983 OSHA data. No specifics on tasks.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Mauskopf, J. A.. 1987. Projections of cancer risks attributable to future exposure to asbestos. Risk Analysis.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	338

EVALUATION







Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score Comments

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No personal/area sampling data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No description of how data is estimated.

Overall Quality Determination^

Low



2.6



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: McKinnery, W. N., Jr.,Moore, R. W.. 1992. Evaluation of airborne asbestos fiber levels during removal and installation of valve gaskets and

packing. AIHA Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 28518

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Valve Gaskets and packing

Solid

Inhalation

PCM: 0.049 to 0.44 f/cc (removal); 0.131 to 0.29 f/cc (installation)TEM: 0.86 to
18.44 structures/cc (removal); 0.40 to 74.32 structures/cc (installation)
PCM: 108TEM: 104

1 (isolated room for the purpose of experiment)

Short-term during length of task (approx. 30 min. samples)

Controlled exposure experiment to determine exposure during valve gasket re-
moval/installation using normal pipefitter techniques.

N/A Controlled study
Personal and Area

Isolated room for purpose of experiment

Approximately 30 minutes for both removal and installation tasks. Work was

repeated several times.

N/A. experimental conditions

50-60 percent chyrsotile asbestos gaskets.

None. Tasks performed under supervision of a pipefitter and representative 1992
work practices implemented, "with little concern for asbestos exposure"
Not specified.

PCM for f/cc exposure. The data source also presents TEM analysis for structures/

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 AIHA, NIOSH, NVLAP accredited lab used for analysis.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	McKinnery, W. N., Jr.,Moore, R. W.. 1992. Evaluation of airborne asbestos fiber levels during removal and installation of valve gaskets and

packing. AIHA Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	28518

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
High

X 1

x 2

x 2
x 1

1

4

6
1

United States

Valve fitting on industrial pipes, occupational exposure similar to the primary
conditions of use

1992 data; but likely still representative of a potential scenario today.

Over 100 samples.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Does not have specific durations by sample. Lists average duration at beginning
of article for both removal and installation.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Controlled experiment and large number of samples.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: Steinsvag, K.,Bratveit, M.,Moen, B. E.. 2007. Exposure to carcinogens for defined job categories in Norway's offshore petroleum industry,

1970 to 2005. Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 524541

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Oil field brake blocks

Brake bands in oil field drilling draw worksGaskets.

Solid

Inhalation

0.02-0.03 f/cm3; from brake bands.No data on gasket removal exposure.
Not specified
1

Not specified
Ambient asbestos fibers
Not specified
Area

Drilling floor

Not specified; but since ambient - assume "full shift".

Not specified

41 percent asbestos in brake linings
None. Ambient air.

Not specified.

"Electron Microscope"

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology Low x 1 3 Not specified methodology.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope Medium x 1 2 oecd country (Norway)

Metric 3: Applicability High X 2 2 Applicable to a current use, if brake blocks contain asbestos.

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness Low x 2 6 30 year old data (1988).

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Steinsvag, K.,Bratveit, M.,Moen, B. E.. 2007. Exposure to carcinogens for defined job categories in Norway's offshore petroleum industry,

1970 to 2005. Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	524541

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 5: Sample Size

Low

x 1

3

Number of measurements not reported and statistical characterization not pro-
vided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

Only metadata provided is that samples were stationary measurements.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

Variability not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

Low



2.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: Kakooei, H.,Hormozy, M.,Marioryad, H.. 2011. Evaluation of asbestos exposure during brake repair and replacement. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 1082293

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Brake repair and replacement
Solid
Inhalation

0.116 to 2.48 f/ml. Range encompasses cars and trucks.

TWA's calculated from 45 min short-term samples
Brake repair/replacement
60

Personal

Auto repair shops

Samples were short term; but work continues all day.
Daily

> 30 percent of fibers were > lum in diameter.

Sources mentions "inadequate LEV"

None shown in photo

NIOSH 7400, Asbestos International Association

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

NIOSH 7400, Asbestos International Association

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

LOW X 1 3 Non-OECD country (Iran)

High X 2 2 Applicable to maintenance/replacement of brakes (current use)

High X 2 2 2011

Medium X 1 2 Means with standard deviations and ranges are presented.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Kakooei, H.,Hormozy, M.,Marioryad, H.. 2011. Evaluation of asbestos exposure during brake repair and replacement. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	1082293

EVALUATION







Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score Comments

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2 A few details lacking (e.g. specific activities assocated with each sample)

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2 Limited discussion.

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.6



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

11 Of 247

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Source Citation: Bonneterre, V.,Mathern, G.,Pelen, 0.,Balthazard, A. L.,Delafosse, P.,Mitton, N.,Colonna, M.. 2012. Cancer incidence in a chlorochemical

plant in Is "re, France: an occupational cohort study, 1979-2002. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 1788554

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali Industry
Solid
Inhalation

Epidemiological study, but does not include any measured or estimated asbestos
exposure data.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

AMERICAN IOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
6

OECD country (France)

In-scope use

Information from ACC indicates that French processes at this time vary greatly
from current methods

Not specified sample distribution

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Sources, methods, and assumptions discussed

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Limited discussion.

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

1.9

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Gaffney, S. H.,Balzer, J. L.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2009. Airborne asbestos concentrations associated with heavy equipment brake

removal. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2591959

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Heavy equipment /non-passenger vehicles

Solid

Inhalation

0.024 f/cc (or 0.009 f/cc as 8-hr TWA) for mechanic. Exposure information also
available for bystanders.

44 personal; 68 area

Short-term during length of task (consecutive 30-minute samples)

Personal sampling during brake removal tasks on heavy-duty construction equip-
ment (10 loader backhoes/2 tractors). Area sampling also conducted in bystander,
remote, and ambient air areas.

16 (12 brake/bench work employees; 4 clothes handling employees)

Personal and Area

Two heavy-duty equipment service centers.

30 - 60 minutes

3 brake jobs per shift

Table 3 presents a comprehensive summary of fiber size and morphology of

asbestos fibers collected on the workers.

None. No ventilation. Shop doors closed.

Not specified.

NIOSH 7400, 7402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 Recognized NIOSH methods; analysis by AIHA-accredited lab

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Madl, A. K.,Gaffney, S. H.,Balzer, J. L.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2009. Airborne asbestos concentrations associated with heavy equipment brake

removal. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2591959

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

Medium

High

X 1

x 2
x 2

x 1

1

4
4

1

United States

Study focused on brake removal from heavy-duty equipment.

Data collected between April 2005 and September 2006; but activities are

likely similar today

Table 1 provides fully characterized statistical distrubution of samples

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Monitoring data is well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Exposure and work practice variability between workers and shops is discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Scott, L. L.,Murbach, D. M.,Fehling, K. A.,Finley, B. L.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2008. Exposure to chrysotile asbestos associated

with unpacking and repacking boxes of automobile brake pads and shoes. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2601402

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Brake repair and replacement
Solid
Inhalation

0.086-0.368 f/cc for unpacking/repacking brake pads; 0.021-0.126 brake shoes.
80 personal; 92 area
1

Short-term during lenth of task -15 - 100 minute samples

Personal sampling during the unpacking and repacking of vintage auto parts

suppliers (used for 1946-1980 vehicles). Area samples in bystander, remote, and

ambient air areas.

Personal and Area

Auto repair shop in Santa Rosa, CA

15, 30, and 100 mins (personal); 30 mins (area)

N/A. Simulated experiment. Lengthy discussion on frequency

Table 4 presents a comprehensive summary of fiber size and morphology of

asbestos fibers collected on the workers.

None. No ventilation. Shop doors closed.

Not specified.

NIOSH 7400, 7402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High X 1 1 Recognized NIOSH methods; analysis by AIHA-accredited lab

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High X 1 1 United States

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Scott, L. L.,Murbach, D. M.,Fehling, K. A.,Finley, B. L.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2008. Exposure to chrysotile asbestos associated

with unpacking and repacking boxes of automobile brake pads and shoes. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2601402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 3: Applicability

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness

Metric 5: Sample Size

Medium
Medium
High

X 2
X 2
x 1

4
4
1

Assigned a 2 since this study is for vintage vehicles; and it only focuses on
unpacking/repacking of boxes, not actual brake servicing.

Data collected during July 2004 (Phase 1) and November 2005 (Phase 2); but
activities are likely similar today.

Table 1 provides fully characterized statistical distrubution of samples

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Monitoring data is well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Exposure and work practice variability between workers and shops is ad-
dressed. Discussion of how work practices during this experiement based on
interviews with career auto mechanics and parts suppliers.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Devlin, K. D.,Perez, A. L.,Hollins, D. M.,Cowan, D. M.,Scott, P. K.,White, K.,Cheng, T. J.,Henshaw, J. L.. 2015. Airborne

asbestos exposures associated with gasket and packing replacement: a simulation study of flange and valve repair work and an assessment of
exposure variables. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3015760

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Valve Gaskets

Solid

Inhalation

Exposure (as an 8-hr TWA) ranged from 0.010 to 0.062 f/cc.

475 samples, during 23 events.

Short-term (task based) samples and estimated TWA's

Personal samples for mechanic and assistant during all tasks associated with the
removal and replacement of valve flange gaskets. Area samples in bystander/
distant bystander areas. Also clerance, background, and ambient samples.

2 (mechanic and assistant)

Personal and Area

Enclosed study chamber in Windsor, CA
14-89 min samples

Study assumes 1 to 3 gasket/packing replacements per day

Table 4 presents a comprehensive summary of fiber size and morphology of

asbestos fibers collected on the workers.

Ventilation. Phase I done with passive ventilation (1.4 ACH); Phase II done with
active ventilation (13.6-15.6 ACH).

Source notes "safety equipment provided"

NIOSH 7400, 7402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 Recognized NIOSH methods; analysis by AIHA-accredited lab

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Devlin, K. D.,Perez, A. L.,Hollins, D. M.,Cowan, D. M.,Scott, P. K.,White, K.,Cheng, T. J.,Henshaw, J. L.. 2015. Airborne

asbestos exposures associated with gasket and packing replacement: a simulation study of flange and valve repair work and an assessment of
exposure variables. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3015760

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
1

United States

Occupational exposure, but not one of the four primary conditions of use
Data collected during March 2011 (Phase I) and November 2011 (Phase II).
Table 1 provides fully characterized statistical distrubution of samples

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Monitoring data is well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Work was performed by an experienced U.S. Navy mechanic. He did the
work in the same manner he did througout his career, but no discussion on
variability of work practices; and no other workers used. They did vary
ventilation between the two Phases.

Overall Quality Determination'''

High

1.3

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Clark, K.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2007. Exposure to airborne asbestos during removal and installation of gaskets and packings: a

review of published and unpublished studies. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3079606

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Valve Gaskets

Solid

Inhalation

Seven simulation studies and four work-site industrial hygiene studies of industrial
and maritime settings. The average of the long-term exposures during gasket
formation was 0.008 f/cc, with data ranging from 0.001 to 0.017 f/cc. The short-
term concentrations collected during dry gasket removal and formation ranged
from 0.11 to 1.4 f/cc, the onset of the study both of the samples taken during wet
gasket removal were below the limit of detection.

300+

Short term and TWA

Removal, repair, and cleaning of packing, flanges, and gaskets
Varies by study
Personal and area

Various workshops /enclosed environments for simulated studies

15 - 480 min

Various

Found chrysotile, no amphibole detected in any study
Not specified
Not specified.

NIOSH 7400, 7402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High x 1 1 Approved niosh methods

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Madl, A. K.,Clark, K.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2007. Exposure to airborne asbestos during removal and installation of gaskets and packings: a

review of published and unpublished studies. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3079606

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
6
1

United States

Occupational exposure, but not one of the four primary conditions of use
Most of the studies looked at in this report are 20 + years old
Large number of samples compiled from studies, well characterized

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Monitoring data is well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

There is variability between exposures and work practices in the diferrent
studies, but it is not discussed

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

20 Of 247

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Source Citation: Longo, W. E.,Egeland, W. B.,Hatfield, R. L.,Newton, L. R.. 2002. Fiber release during the removal of asbestos-containing gaskets: a work

practice simulation. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3080516

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Valve Gaskets

Solid

Inhalation

Worker (non-assistant) Exposure (as an 8-hr TWA) ranged from 1.5 to 3.6 f/cc.
Three separate studies: Study 1: 28 worker/assistant, 4 background, 36 area;
Study 2: 28 worker/assistant (table v), 4 background, 24 area; Study 3: 15
worker/assistant, 4 background, 16 area.

Short-term during scraping/hand wire brushing of small and large flange assem-
blies, and power wire brushing of large flange assembly

Gasket removal activities including hand scraping, hand wire brushing, and elec-
tric wire brushing.

2 (worker and helper)

Personal and Area

Exposure Characterization Laboratory (ECL)

15-30 mins (cassettes exchanged)

N/A. Simulated experiment.

Size distribution not determined. Results are for fibers > 5 um
ECL was ventilated to provide 5 ACH
Disposable protective suits and supplied air HEPA respirators
NIOSH 7400 (air samples). ASTM protocol (bulk samples)

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High X 1 1 Approved NIOSH/ASTM methods

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

21 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Longo, W. E.,Egeland, W. B.,Hatfield, R. L.,Newton, L. R.. 2002. Fiber release during the removal of asbestos-containing gaskets: a work

practice simulation. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080516

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
Medium
Medium
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
4

2

United States

Paper mill powerhouse steam flanges had their gaskets removed. Not in-scope.
Study is from 2002, but activities are likely similar today.

Only range and averages are presented.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Monitoring data is fairly well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Limited discussion on variability.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

22 Of 247

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Source Citation: Orlowski, E. wa,Audignon-Durand, S.,Goldberg, M.,Imbernon, E.,Brochard, P.. 2015. EV@LUTTL: An Open Access Database on Occupa-

tional Exposures to Asbestos and Man-Made Mineral Fibres. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3089885

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Auto Brakes, Gaskets, Asbestos Cement

Solid

Inhalation

This source provides a description of a database (called Evalutil) that has asbestos
exposure monitoring data.

Table in describes the number of series measurements by task category. Total

number of series of measurements in the asbestos database is 1961.

Varies depending on data source in database.

Would vary

Not specified

Likely personal and area

Not specified

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology Low Xl 3 Not specified, likely varies.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope Low Xl 3 Not specified, likely from U.S., OECD countries, and non-OECD countries.

Metric 3: Applicability High X 2 2 Very possible some data in the database described in this source has occupa-

tional scenarios within scope (e.g., gasket work is described as an example)

Continued on next page

23 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Orlowski, E. wa,Audignon-Durand, S.,Goldberg, M.,Imbernon, E.,Brochard, P.. 2015. EV@LUTTL: An Open Access Database on Occupa-

tional Exposures to Asbestos and Man-Made Mineral Fibres. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3089885

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Low
High

x 2
x 1

6
1

Some data in the database is likely older than 20 years.

Figure 4 is an example output from the database on operations on gaskets
containing asbestos. N=121 for that example, and data shown with whisker
plot.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Not specified without accessing the database

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Not specified without accessing the database

Overall Quality Determination'''

Low



2.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

24 Of 247

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Source Citation: Sahmel, J.,Barlow, C. A..Simmons, B.,Gaffney, S. H.,Avens, H. J.,Madl, A. K.,Henshaw, J.,Lee, R. J.,Van Orden, D.,Sanchez, M.,Zock,

M.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2014. Evaluation of Take-Home Exposure and Risk Associated with the Handling of Clothing Contaminated with
Chrysotile Asbestos. Risk Analysis.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3093967

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Not a current use (Take Home Exposure Associated with Handling of Contami-
nated Clothes)

Solid
Inhalation

15-minute means; 0.0140.097 f/cc, 30-minute means; 0.0060.063 f/cc

30 minute samples, each with 15 minutes of active handling and 15 minutes of
no handling

Handling clothes containing asbestos
1

Personal and area
Enclosed environment
30 minutes

N/A - Simulated experiment
Not specified

N/A - Simulated experiment
N/A - Simulated experiment
NIOSH 7400, 7402

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1 Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1 1 United States

Continued on next page

25 Of 247

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Source Citation: Sahmel, J.,Barlow, C. A..Simmons, B.,Gaffney, S. H.,Avens, H. J.,Madl, A. K.,Henshaw, J.,Lee, R. J.,Van Orden, D.,Sanchez, M.,Zock,

M.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2014. Evaluation of Take-Home Exposure and Risk Associated with the Handling of Clothing Contaminated with
Chrysotile Asbestos. Risk Analysis.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3093967

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Low

High
Medium

X 2

x 2
x 1

2
2

Study describes a controlled experiment simulating handling and shake-out of
contaminated work clothing. The volume of asbestos in this study isn't realistic
for any of our current uses. There"s a photo of someone shaking clothing; and
there is visible asbestos in the picture. For our current uses, the only potential
to come into contact with such volume of asbestos would be in the chloralkali
industry. But folks aren"t really coming into contact with bulk asbestos like
this (per the ACC and company responses to questions).

2014

Only 6 sampling events

Domain 3:

Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Monitoring data is fairly well described.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Limited discussion on variability.

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

1.7

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

26 Of 247

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Source Citation: Andersson, M.,Selin, F.,Jarvholm, B.. 2016. Asbestos exposure and the risk of sinonasal cancer. Occupational Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3361072

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

No data and not relevant to current uses.

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High X 1 1 Occupational Medicine

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability

Medium

Low

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness Low
Metric 5: Sample Size Low

x 1
x 2

x 2
x 1

2 OECD - Sweden

6 This data source does not provide any actual monitoring data. It's a retrospec-
tive cohort study of Swedish construction workers, with occupational health
examrecords stored between 1971 and 1992 used. Additionally, workers born
after 1958 were excluded since asbestos use ceased by the time they started
working in the mid 1970's.

6 Pre 1970's-uses very different from current uses. Asbestos is no longer used
as it was back then.

3 No sample data provided in article

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Unacceptable xl 4 No sample data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness Low xl 3 Does not address variability/uncertainty

Overall Quality Determination^ Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.8.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Andersson, M.,Selin, F.,Jarvholm, B.. 2016. Asbestos exposure and the risk of sinonasal cancer. Occupational Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3361072

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

28 Of 247

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Source Citation: Cely-GarcAa, M. F.,Curriero, F. C.,Giraldo, M.,MA©ndez, L.,Breysse, P. N.,DurAjn, M.,Torres-Duque, C. A.,GonzAjlez-GarcAa,
M.,PA©rez, C.,Parada, P.,Ramos-Bonilla, J. P.. 2016. Factors Associated With Non-compliance of Asbestos Occupational Standards in
Brake Repair Workers. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3520523

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Auto Brakes

Solid

Inhalation

Out of the one hundred three 8-h TWA PCM-Eq personal asbestos concentrations
estimated, 24 percent exceeded the Colombian standard and the US OSHA PEL
of 0.1 f/cm3 asbestos occupational limit. Furthermore, 15 percent of the samples
were in compliance but above the USA OSHA PEL action level of 0.050 f/cm3.
103 (8-hr TWA equivalents). Of those 103, 43 for passenger vehicles, 60 for
heavy-duty vehicles. Note, there were more individual samples, this number is
for TWA-eq.

30 minute samples, perhaps consecutive
Brake riveting
28
PBZ

Passenger vehicle and heavy-duty vehicle brake repair shops
Not specified

Not specified, assumed daily
Samples ranged between 5-15 percent asbestos
Not evaluated
none described

NIOSH 7400 airborne sample counts by PCM with TEM used to determine ratio
of asbestos fibers; bulk samples by PLM.

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Cely-GarcAa, M. F.,Curriero, F. C.,Giraldo, M.,MA©ndez, L.,Breysse, P. N.,DurAjn, M.,Torres-Duque, C. A.,GonzAjlez-GarcAa,
M.,PA©rez, C.,Parada, P.,Ramos-Bonilla, J. P.. 2016. Factors Associated With Non-compliance of Asbestos Occupational Standards in
Brake Repair Workers. Annals of Occupational Flygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3520523

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Low
High
High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

3
2

Non-OECD country (Colombia)

In-scope use

2016

Well-characterized, 18 brake shopes sampled on 3-6 days, however the actual
sample data is not given, only whether or not sample value was above guideline
values

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

No sample data given

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Different sites sampled, but limited discussion on variability

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium

1.8

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

30 of 247

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Source Citation: Liukonen, L. R.,Weir, F. W.. 2005. Asbestos exposure from gaskets during disassembly of a medium duty diesel engine. Regulatory

Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531131

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Diesel engine overhaul sheet gasket removal/cleaning
solid

Inhalation

nondetect - 0.032 f/cm3 (detection limit as high as 0.12 f/cm3, only 2 samples
(both personal) exceeded the LOD); bulk samples of gaskets 15 - 65 percent
chrysotile

14 personal, 15 area, 33 bulk
1

Short-term duration of task (12-54 minutes); short term area, bulk
removal /cleaning of gaskets, as part of diesel engine disassembly (hand scraping,
power buffing, power wire-brushing); area sampled 10 feet downwind from task.
1

personal, area, bulk
engine repair shop (in Texas)

13-54 minutes

14 asbestos exposed tasks over 3 days in a busy repair shop
fiber type confirmed by TEM or PLM.
open shop with fan, August
None shown in photo

NIOSH 7400 airborne sample counts by PCM with TEM confirmation of fiber
type; bulk samples by PLM.

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High X 1 1 approved NIOSH methods with confirmation of fiber type

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Liukonen, L. R.,Weir, F. W.. 2005. Asbestos exposure from gaskets during disassembly of a medium duty diesel engine. Regulatory

Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531131

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High
Medium
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
4
2

United states, applicable to open shop summer time conditions
In-scope use

2004 data. Note that diesel vehicles tend to remain in service for decades
mostly censored data (below limit of detection, due to short sampling durations)

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

all metadata included. Except for task frequency

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Authors discuss oher data for this sector, state that variability is high in this
study due to low fiber counts

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

32 of 247

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Source Citation: Lazar, M.,Carnogurska, M.,Brestovic, x. G.,Jasminska, N.,Kmet'ova, L.,Kapustova, L.,Jezny, T.. 2016. High-Temperature Processing of

Asbestos-Cement Roofing Material in a Plasma Reactor. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3585189

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Sampling Location:

Analytic Method:

Other

Outside scope - Waste treatment
Solid

N/A - No monitoring data
1

chemical analysis of vitrified slag and leachate, e.g. for heavy metals

melting of asbestos roofing material in a plasma reactor to produce vitreous slag

which can be recycled

laboratory scale plasma reactor

X-ray fluorescent spectrometryanalysis

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

Medium

x 1

2 Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope Medium x 1 2

Metric 3: Applicability Low x 2 6

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High x 2 2

Metric 5: Sample Size Low x 1 3

Conducted in Slovakia (Slovak Republic)
no asbestos exposures reported in this study.
2016

No sample data provided in article

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable x 1

4 No sample data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 Does not address variability /uncertainty

Continued on next page

33 of 247

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Source Citation:	Lazar, M.,Carnogurska, M.,Brestovic, x. G.,Jasminska, N.,Kmet'ova, L.,Kapustova, L.,Jezny, T.. 2016. High-Temperature Processing of

Asbestos-Cement Roofing Material in a Plasma Reactor. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3585189

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Overall Quality Determination^



Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.4.





** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

34 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Rohl, A. N.,Langer, A. M.,Klimentidis, R.,Wolff, M. S.,Seilikoff, I. J.. 1977. Asbestos content of dust encountered in brake maintenance and

repair. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3615571

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Brake maintenance and repair truck & auto

Solid

Inhalation

1.7 - 7.7 fibers/cc air samples during grinding old truck brakes; 23.7 - 72.0
for bevelling new truck brake linings.Auto 6.6 - 29.4 f/cc near compressed air
cleaning of brake drums, 0.1 - 4.2 f/cc 1.5 - 22 meters away.In bulk dust samples,
2-15 percent chrysotile in U.S. (NYC), all other countries range was 0.5 - 3.2
percent

10 bulk from NY city repair shops, 29 bulk from OECD countries, air samples
personal and area (23 truck brake repair, 13 auto)

1 truck repair facility; more than one auto repair shop, including a taxi fleet repair
shop

OSHA methods as of 1975, which are similar to current methods

truck: grinding/beveling of brake padsauto: compressed air cleaning of brake

drums

Not specified

bulk, area air, personal air

City sanitation department truck repair shop in NYC; auto and taxi repair shops
Not specified

Not specified, but daily assumed

large percentage of asbestos fibers identified by TEM in this study did/do not

meet the historical/current counting rules for PCM

none

none described

PCM, with 8 personal air samples analyzed by TEM

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Continued on next page

35 of 247

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Source Citation: Rohl, A. N.,Langer, A. M.,Klimentidis, R.,Wolff, M. S.,Seilikoff, I. J.. 1977. Asbestos content of dust encountered in brake maintenance and

repair. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3615571

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

in accordance with 1975 OSHA methods, which appear to be equivalent to
current methods in terms of type of microscopy (oly fibers > 5 um are counted,
3:1 aspect ratio).

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

New York City

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

occupational exposures - likely higher than current exposures due to lack of
engineering controls, high percent chrysotile in the bulk material, and use of
compressed air cleaning in auto shops.

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

study published in 1977

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Medium

X 1

sample number, means, and ranges reported

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

sample durations not stated

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

discusses findings in similar studies

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

2.2

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

36 of 247

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Source Citation:	Newhouse, M. L.. 1977. Asbestos content of dust encountered in brake maintenance and repair. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3615816

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Aftermarket auto parts
Brake maintenance and repair
Solid
Inhalation

NO ACTUAL MONITORING DATA

Letter to editor re HERO 3615571. mentions 2 earlier "thorough" British studies
on brake repair: Hickish & Knight 1970, Knight & Hickish 1970, Lee 1970
Vacuum brushes and funnels
none described

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

TUC Centenary Institute of Occupational Health

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
High

Low
N/A

X 1

x 2
x 2

2
2
6
N/A

Author is from London
In-scope use

letter to editor that mentions 2 British studies from 1970.

Letter to editor referencing other articles; no data provided; not applicable

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Letter to editor referencing other articles; no data provided; not applicable

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Letter to editor referencing other articles; no data provided; not applicable

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

37 of 247

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Source Citation:	Abundo, M. L.,Almaguer, D.,Driscoll, R.. 1994. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 93-1133-2425, Electrode Corporation, Chardon,

Ohio.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970520

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Asbestos Diaphragms

chloralkali Industry, diaphragm anodes

Solid

Inhalation

80-90 percent chrysotile in bulk anodes; settled dust samples all below limit of
detection

5 bulk, 3 settled dust (vacuum dust collection at 4 1/min)

1

bulk and settled dust

Receiving anodes from customer that are contaminated from asbestos diaphragm

(unpacking crates and placing anodes in washer).

Not specified

bulk, settled dust

Receiving /parts washing

Not specified

not discussed

none for receiving, parts washer is used to remove asbestos

disposable masks rated for non-hazardous nuisance dusts (not rated for asbestos).

NIOSH 7400 for settled dust, NIOSH 9002 for bulk

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High	Xl	1 NIOSH methods conducted as part of a NIOSH Health Hazard evaluation

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability

High x 1	1 Ohio

High	X 2	2 anodes contaminated due to customer use of asbestos diaphragms in chloralkali

industry

Continued on next page

38 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Abundo, M. L.,Almaguer, D.,Driscoll, R.. 1994. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 93-1133-2425, Electrode Corporation, Chardon,

Ohio.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970520

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Low
Medium

X 2
X 1

6
2

1994

range is described for bulk sample results.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

exposure scenario well-described

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

variability of settled dust samples not discussed; limits of detection not speci-
fied.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.9





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

39 of 247

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Source Citation:	Tapp, L.,Sussell, A.. 2008. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 2007-0055-3073, Evaluation of employee exposures in a bus

maintenance shop, Huntingon Coach Corporation, Huntington Station, New York.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970528

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Bus maintenance facility
Solid
Inhalation

all nondetect, with limit of quantification = 1 percent.

6 bulk samples (4 brake shoes, 1 brake pad, 1 friction material); 4 settled dust

2 (1 body shop, 1 maintenance shop)

bulk and settled dust

bus maintenance

Not specified

bulk, settled dust

settled dust from 2 bus brake drums, a rotor lathe, and a wheel on a van

Not specified, but daily assumed

not discussed

none described

none described

NIOSH method 9002 (PLM)

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	Xl	1 NIOSH methods conducted as part of a NIOSH Health Hazard evaluation

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High	X 1	1	New York State

High	X 2	2	aftermarket automotive brakes for buses and vans

Medium x 2	4	2008

Medium X 1	2	all results were non-detectf limit of quantification reported at 1 percent.

Continued on next page

40 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Tapp, L.,Sussell, A.. 2008. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 2007-0055-3073, Evaluation of employee exposures in a bus

maintenance shop, Huntingon Coach Corporation, Huntington Station, New York.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970528

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

exposure scenario well-described

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Variability not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

41 Of 247

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Source Citation: U.S, E. P. A.. 2017. Preliminary information on manufacturing, processing, distribution, use, and disposal: Asbestos. Support document for

Docket EPA-HQ-OPPT-2016-0736.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3827275

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): Manufacturing, processing, distribution, use, and disposal

Exposure Concentration (Unit): No discussion of monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

EPA document

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

United States

Related to occupational exposure
2017

No sample data provided in article

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

No sample data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

Does not address variability /uncertainty

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

42 Of 247

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Source Citation:	2014. Annex XV restriction report: Amendment to a restriction: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970695

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Asbestos Diaphragms

electrolysis for hydrogen production (Sweden); electrolysis for chloralkali pro-
duction (Dow Germany)

Solid
Inhalation

No data for Swedish plant;For Dow plant, dumping fibers in mixing vessel, 90
percent upper confidence limit =108 fibers per meter cubed (all below limit of
detection (LOD, 100 f/m3)); For flushing and decoupling feed lines, geometric
mean 100 f/m3; for waste handling, 90 percent upper conf limit =112 f/m3 (all
below LOD); assembly of electrolysis cells, 90 percent upper conf limit 253 f/m3
(4 samples below LOD, 1 at 100 f/m3, one at 300 f/m3); disassembly geometric
mean 123 f/m3, 90 percent upper conf limit 235 f/m3 (4 below LOD, 1 at 200
f/m3, 1 at 290 f/m3); washing anodes/cathodes geometric mean 100 f/m3 (one
below LOD, 2 at 100 f/m3). Summary table on page 94. (note that the German
OEL is 1000 f/m3, and the EU OEL is 100000 f/m3). [see summary table in
HERO 397-696 page 27],

0 for Swedish plant;For Dow: six for control room operator dumping fibers into
mixing vessel; 2 for technician flushing/decoupling feed lines; for maintenance
and cleaning, zero exposure samples; for waste handling, six samples. Assembly
of electrolysis cells, six samples; dismantling cells, 9 samples; washing anodes/
cathodes, 3 samples.

2 (no data from Swedish site)

area samples, duration Not specified, volumetric flow rate Not specified.
AAK (Sweden) uses sealed cells imported from Switzerland (not EU and there-
for not subject to REACH restrictions).Dow (Germany) uses diaphragms and
reconditions them with asbestos containing brine (made on site), all processes
are automated except for maintenance. Exposure scenarios include receiving/
storing bulk fiber, dumping fibers into mixing vessel, formation of slurry, filling
feed containers, feeding electrolysis cells, flushing feed lines/decoupling hoses,
maintenance/cleaning of dry asbestos handling room, and waste handling. As-
sembly of electrolysis cells; dismantling/cleaning cells, disassembly of cells with
cleaning of electrodes.

Continued on next page

43 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	2014. Annex XV restriction report: Amendment to a restriction: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970695

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:
Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

For dumping fibers in mixing vessel, 1 remote operator in control room; For
flushing and decoupling feed lines, 1 technician; waste handling 1 technician.
Assembly of electrolysis cells, 4 technicians; disassembly/cleaning electrodes, 3
technicians;

Area samples due to required air volume to achieve LOD <110 f/m3. Sampled
in accordance with VDI3492.

Dow chloralkali plant

For dumping fibers in mixing vessel, 1 hour per day; for Flushing and decoupling
feed lines, half hour /day, 10 seconds per coupling/decoupling; for maintenance
and cleaning, 2 hours/day; waste handling 8 hours/day. Assembly of electrolysis
cells, 8 hours per day for 20 days; disassembly/cleaning electrodes 8 hours/day
For dumping fibers in mixing vessel, 2/week; for flushing and decoupling feed
lines, 2/week; for maintenance and cleaning, 6 times per year; waste handling 75
days/year. Assembly of electrolysis cells, 4 times per year (20 days each time);
disassembly/cleaning electrodes 75 days/year;
not discussed

sealed systems at Swedish plant;enclosed systems with remote/mechanical han-
dling at Dow (Germany), wet methods/submersion for open handling: receiving/
storing bulk fiber - fully enclosed/sealed containers; dumping fibers into mixing
vessel - robotic/remote operation in negative pressure tunnel; formation of slurry

-	remote/enclosed negative pressure tunnel; filling feed containers - enclosed;
feeding electrolysis cells - enclosed; flushing feed lines/decoupling hoses - after
flushing with brine, and wet; maintenance/cleaning of dry asbestos handling room

-	shower out procedures, with washdown of the exit airlock; and waste handling

-	collected into enclosed plastic barrells containing wet additive, and sent to ro-
tary oven/kiln, whereas wastewater is fed through enclosed system, with waste
water sludge pelletized with manual closing of wet pellet barrells before trans-
fer to kiln (thermal treatment at 1300C). Assembly of electrolysis cells - mostly
enclosed with mechanical handling; manual handling during sealing step, with
natural ventilation; disassembly/cleaning electrodes - wet methods, mechanical
handling, natural ventilation

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	2014. Annex XV restriction report: Amendment to a restriction: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970695

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

PPE:	for cleaning the dry asbestos handling room, disposable clothing, dedicated shoes,

full face PAPR respirator with P3 cartridges (99.95 percent efficient, similar to
HEPA). For assembly and disassembly of cells, work clothing.

Analytic Method:	German VDI 3492 an SEM method for fibrous particles, same 5 um length and

1:3 aspect ratio as NIOSH, only counts fibers < 3um width (NIOSH 7400 does
not count fibers less than 2.5 um width). 8-30 liter/min flow rate. [NIOSH flow
rate is 0.5-16 L/min],

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1

German method modified to use higher flow rate to achieve a lower LOD.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Medium

x 1

2

Germany

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

Dow chloralkali plant

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

2

2008-2013

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

x 1

1

geometric means and upper conf limits presented when possible (cannot cal-
culate an upper conf limit if all sample results identical)

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness	Medium X 1	2 task duration provided, but not sample duration

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium x 1 2

low geometric standard deviation as evidence of low variability, but area
samples do not always correlate well with personal samples.

Overall Quality Determination'''

High 1.3



Continued on next page

45 Of 247

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Source Citation:	2014. Annex XV restriction report: Amendment to a restriction: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970695

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

46 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Abejie, B. A.,Wang, X.,Kales, S. N.,Christiani, D. C.. 2010. Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction in asbestos workers: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	2079050

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Textile manufacture

Solid

Inhalation

> 2mg/m3, the Chinese OEL in the 1970s.

454

Workers from 1 textile plant in China
Not specified
Not specified

277 asbestos workers and 177 control subjects (non-occupational)

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope	Medium	x 1	2

Applicability	Medium	x 2	4

Temporal Representativeness	Medium	x 2	4

Sample Size	Low	x 1	3

OECD (China)

Occupational exposure for out of scope use (textiles)
2010

No sample data provided in article

Continued on next page

47 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Abejie, B. A.,Wang, X.,Kales, S. N.,Christiani, D. C.. 2010. Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction in asbestos workers: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	2079050

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

x 1

4

no actual monitoring data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

Does not address variability /uncertainty

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.3.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

48 Of 247

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Source Citation: Mlynarek, S. P.,Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Asbestos exposure from the overhaul of a Pratt andamp; Whitney R2800 engine. Regulatory

Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2561011

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

Other

Airplane overhaul - replacement of metal glad nonfriable gaskets, replacement of

clutch linings.

Solid

Inhalation

During disassembly: 0.0013 - 0.1240 f/cc, average 0.0272 f/cc;During reassem-
bly: 0.0055 - 0.0913 f/cc, average 0.0198 f/cc; Clutch rebuild: 0.0129 - 0.0179
f/cc; no visible dust observed. These levels are similar to rural ambient asbestos
levels. 40 percent of bulk samples contained chrysotile, 20-70 percent . Only
1 personal sampled contained asbestos confirmed by TEM, only 5 of 79 area
samples contained asbestos confirmed by TEM, and these were not close to the
work area (there was asbestos in the building insulation).

121 area samples (4 locations); 121 personal (workers wore 2 pumps and cassettes,
bystanders (i.e., researchers) also sampled); 186 bulk samples (one of each type
of gasket or other ACM.)

task based (average 188 minutes for disassembly, 222 minutes for reassembly)
Week 1 disassembly, week 2 painting (no asbestos exposure), week 3 reassembly.
Clutch rebuild, cylinder change, ignition system rebuild, [metal clad, nonfriable
gaskets]. No power tools used (not an approved protocol), most gaskets came
off by hand or with hand tool if needed.All bulk samples from clutch rebuild
contained asbestos;

Not specified
bulk, area, personal

FAA certified Aircraft Repair Station (piston engine service facility),
average 3 hours per task;

2-3 vintage aircraft per month rebuilt or serviced at this facility
Approximately 40 percent of the bulk samples collected during this test were
found to contain chrysotile.

natural ventilation (garage doors closed, roof vents closed). Most parts covered
with oil during disassembly and reassembly, such that no visible dust observed.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Mlynarek, S. P.,Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Asbestos exposure from the overhaul of a Pratt andamp; Whitney R2800 engine. Regulatory

Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2561011

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Not specified.

NIOSH 7400 (PCM), 7402 (TEM); for samples positive for asbestos in 7402,
then analyzed in accordance with ISO 10312.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

The authors do not describe the rationale for using the ISO 10312 TEM method
to confirm fiber type, rather than using PLM. The authors do not present the
TEM data in table form, and do not provide the limit of detection for the ISO
TEM method.

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
1

United States

gasket removal, clutch work, although all these gaskets were metal-clad, which

was not the case for the diesel truck engine. Aircraft engines.

2012

excellent description of sample distribution

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

excellent descriptions

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

This study was supported by Pratt & Whitney, which has participated in as-
bestos product litigation. The authors have also participated in asbestos product
litigation.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

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Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

Mlynarek, S. P.,Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Asbestos exposure from the overhaul of a Pratt andamp; Whitney R2800 engine. Regulatory
Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

2561011

51 of 247

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Source Citation:	Iarc,. 2012. ARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Asbestos (Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite,

actinolite, and anthophyllite).

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3970851

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:
Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

N/A (Multiple: brake pad production, cement, gaskets, textiles, insulation)

Solid

Inhalation

fibers/cc

Not specified

41 occupational cohort studies shown in Table 2.2, includes standardized mortality
ratios and/or risk ratios with confidence limits, at link: http://monographs.iarc.fr/
ENG/Monographs/voll00C/100C-06-Table2.2.pdf
varies depending on the study

Cohort study design characteristics (12 pages landscape): http://
monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/voll00C/100C-06-Table2.3.pdfLinkto ta-
ble of case-control studies (12 pages long landscape orientation, includes rela-
tive risk and confidence limits): http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/
voll00C/100C-06-Table2.1.pdf
Not specified

varies depending on the study

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified.

Not specified.

EVALUATION









Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability









Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1 IARC monograph





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Source Citation: Iarc,. 2012. ARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: Asbestos (Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite,

actinolite, and anthophyllite).

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID 3970851

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
Medium
High
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
2
2

a mix of data from multiple countries,
a mix of occupational exposure scenarios
2012

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Very thorough review of a ton of studies, include epidemiologic studies as

recent as 2009.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Confidence limits shown in tables 2.1. and 2.2. Uncertainty discussed in
regards to whether chrysotile is less carcinogenic than other forms, also whether
cancer of the colorectum is associated with asbestos exposure.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

53 of 247

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Source Citation: Niosh,. 1972. NIOSH criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID 3974883

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

N/A (Multiple)

Solid
Inhalation
fibers/cc

various. NIOSH sampling data 1969-71 pages 99 - 124.
Not specified

varies depending on the study
various. Epi data tables pages 125 - 129.

Not specified
air

Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified.

Not specified.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

NIOSH Criteria document

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Medium

x 1

a mix of studies from multiple countries.

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

a mix of occupational exposure scenarios

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

1972

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Low

x 1

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative

form

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Niosh,. 1972. NIOSH criteria for a recommended standard: Occupational exposure to asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3974883

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative
form

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

tables on pages 128- 129 indicate which epi findings are significant at p>0.05,
but confidence limits not shown.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Low



2.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

55 of 247

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Source Citation:	Park, E. K.,Takahashi, K.,Hoshuyama, T.,Cheng, T. J.,Delgermaa, V.,Le, G. V.,Sorahan, T.. 2011. Global magnitude of reported and

unreported mesothelioma. Environmental Health Perspectives.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	2575987

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

General asbestos use

Solid

Inhalation

Epid study - national cumulative asbestos use in metric tons

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope	Medium	x 1	2

Applicability	Medium	x 2	4

Temporal Representativeness	High	x 2	2

Sample Size	Low	x 1	3

OECD (Japan)

a mix of occupational exposure scenarios
2011

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative
form

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness	Unacceptable x 1	4 no actual monitoring data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty









Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''	Unacceptable	4 Metric Mean Score: 2.1.

Continued on next page

56 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Park, E. K.,Takahashi, K.,Hoshuyama, T.,Cheng, T. J.,Delgermaa, V.,Le, G. V.,Sorahan, T.. 2011. Global magnitude of reported and

unreported mesothelioma. Environmental Health Perspectives.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	2575987

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

57 of 247

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Source Citation: Stayner, L.,Welch, L. S.,Lemen, R.. 2013. The worldwide pandemic of asbestos-related diseases. Annual Review of Public Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3078375

EXTRACTION
Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

General asbestos use

Solid

Inhalation

Discussion of national asbestos consumption and mesothelioma rates

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

x 1

Annu. Rev. Public Health 2013

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

United States

a mix of occupational exposure scenarios
2013

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative
form

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

58 of 247

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Source Citation: Nicholson, W. J.. 2001. The carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos-a review. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID 3080670

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

Various (products, wallboards, friction products and textiles)

Solid

Inhalation

Discusses global asbestos consumption and mesothelioma

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High x 1 1 industrial Health

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope High x 1 1

Applicability Medium x 2 4

Temporal Representativeness Medium x 2 4

Sample Size Low x 1 3

United States

a mix of occupational exposure scenarios
2001

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative
form

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Unacceptable x 1 4 no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination''' Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

59 of 247

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Source Citation:	Landrigan, P. J..Nicholson, W. J.,Suzuki, Y.,Ladou, J.. 1999. The hazards of chrysotile asbestos: a critical review. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3080988

EXTRACTION
Parameter

Data







Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other
Various
Solid
Inhalation

Literature review of health effects related to asbestos exposure - No monitoring
data

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

x 1

1

Industrial Health

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
6
3

Industrial Health

a mix of occupational exposure scenarios
1999

findings of health effects in asbestos exposed workers are discussed in narrative
form

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

Continued on next page

60 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Landrigan, P. J..Nicholson, W. J.,Suzuki, Y.,Ladou, J.. 1999. The hazards of chrysotile asbestos: a critical review. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3080988

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

61 Of 247

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Source Citation: Courtice, M. N.,Berman, D. W.,Yano, E.,Kohyama, N.,Wang, X.. 2016. Size- and type-specific exposure assessment of an asbestos products

factory in China. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3088311

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Manufacture of woven and rubber products

Solid

Inhalation

Study focused less on fiber counts and more on determining size /dimensions of
fibers. A total of 14 510 fibres were individually sized to two decimal places and
checked for chemical composition.

52
6

raw materialsopening, raw materialsbagging, carding, spinning, weaving, and

rubber.

Unknwon

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (identifies fibers that would be
missed by NIOSH 7400 b/c less than .25 um in width)

Workshop area

Samples no more than 2 hours long
Not mentioned but assumed daily
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified.

scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ISO method 14966

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1 2

scanning electron microscopy. Describes fiber characteristics, not fiber counts

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Medium

X 1 2

OECD country (China)

Continued on next page

62 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Courtice, M. N.,Berman, D. W.,Yano, E.,Kohyama, N.,Wang, X.. 2016. Size- and type-specific exposure assessment of an asbestos products

factory in China. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3088311

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Low

Medium
High

X 2

x 2
x 1

6

4
1

Data given was occuapational exposure to asbestos that was not in scope and
didn't provide data of fibers /mL

2006 data

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

fiber composition, not fiber counts

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Variabilty between shops sampled and time of day that sampling occurred were
briefly addressed

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



2.2





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

63 of 247

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Source Citation:	Atsdr,. 2001. Toxicological profile for asbestos (update).

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Published Models for Exposures or Releases;

Hero ID	3098571

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Sheet gaskets

Page 190 describes Fowler (2000) simulation of bandsawing sheet gaskets. Page

191: Strokova (1998) Bulgarian workers engaged in the production of asbestos

gaskets and filter materials at two plants were exposed to 0.040.38 and 0.040.43

f/mL of asbestos.

Solid

Inhalation

2.2 - 4.9 f/ml by PCM for sawing neoprene sheet containing 80 percent chrysotile

in a simulation.0.040.38 and 0.040.43 f/mL in Bulgarian gasket production

(1998).

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

cutting gaskets, production of gaskets
Not specified

PCM, TEM, also Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified

Fowler discusses fiber sizes by TEM.

Not specified.

Not specified.

PCM in simulation, Not specified in Bulgarian plant

EVALUATION









Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

X 1 3 no detail on methodology



Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

64 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Atsdr,. 2001. Toxicological profile for asbestos (update).

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Published Models for Exposures or Releases;

Hero ID	3098571

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Low

Medium

Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

3

4
4
3

non-OECD country (Bulgaria)

Fowler is a simulation rather than actual workplace data

2001 and 1998 data.

No statistical characterization provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

limited metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

variability discussed in general /qualitative terms

Overall Quality Determination^

Low



2.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

65 of 247

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Source Citation:	Niosh,. 2011. Current intelligence bulletin 62: Asbestos fibers and other elongate mineral particles: State of the science and roadmap for

research [Revised April 2011], Current Intelligence.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3102338

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Mentions 84 percent of asbestos used in roofing products as of 2008 (plO).

Solid

Inhalation

Page 11 Figure 2: geometric mean exposures below 0.1 f/cc in OSHA and NIOSH

samples of the construction, manufacturing, mining, and other industries since

1986 (data through 2003).

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

"thoracic-size Elongate mineral particles (EMPs) occurring either in an asbesti-
form habit (e.g., asbestos fibers) or in a nonasbestiform habit (e.g., as needle-like
[acicular] or prismatic crystals), as well as EMPs that result from the crushing
or fracturing of nonfibrous minerals (e.g., cleavage fragments)." NIOSH com-
mented on MSHA 2005 asbestos rulemaking: "NIOSH remains concerned that
the regulatory definition of asbestos should include asbestiform mineral fibers
such as winchite and richterite, which were of major importance as contaminants
in the Libby, MT, vermiculite"

Not specified.

Not specified.

discusses shortcomings of PCM misses fibers too thin to see. Electron microscopy
methods much more costly and less widely available.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Continued on next page

66 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Niosh,. 2011. Current intelligence bulletin 62: Asbestos fibers and other elongate mineral particles: State of the science and roadmap for

research [Revised April 2011], Current Intelligence.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3102338

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH and OSHA sampling data

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

Medium

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

4
4

3

United States

very little actual data. Discusses future research needs.
NIOSH/OSHAIMIS data through 2003
no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

limited metadata.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

not discussed

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



2.1



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

67 of 247

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Source Citation: Hossain, M. dS,Fakhruddin, A. buNM,Chowdhury, M. A. Z.,Gan, S. H. ua. 2016. Impact of ship-Breaking activities on the coastal

environment of Bangladesh and a management system for its sustainability. Environmental Science and Policy.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3352103

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

Shipbreaking - outside scope.

Solid

Inhalation

No monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1 Environmental Science & Policy

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope Low x 1 3

Applicability Low x 2 6

Temporal Representativeness High x 2 2

Sample Size Low x 1 3

Non-OECD - Bangladesh
outside scope - shipbreaking
2016

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Unacceptable x 1 4 No monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination''' Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

68 of 247

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Source Citation:	Yoshizumi, K.,Hori, H.,Satoh, T.,Higashi, T.. 2001. The trend in airborne asbestos concentrations at plants manufacturing asbestos-containing

products in Japan. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531608

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Manufacturing asbestos products

Solid

Inhalation

control classification -1 through 3; unsure what the translation is to f/cm3

Not specified

528

Not specified
Various
2798
Area

Not specified
Not specified
Not specified

counting rules - WHO fibers (over 5 "m in length, over 3:1 in aspect ratio and less

than 3 "m in diameter)

Not specified

Not specified.

Not specified.

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	Low	x 1	3 Unicear methodology

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:	Geographic Scope	Medium	x 1	2	oecd - Japan

Metric 3:	Applicability	Medium	X 2	4	Study done on occupational exposure to asbestos

Metric 4:	Temporal Representativeness	Low	x2	6	2001 study, data from 1985-1998.

Continued on next page

69 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Yoshizumi, K.,Hori, H.,Satoh, T.,Higashi, T.. 2001. The trend in airborne asbestos concentrations at plants manufacturing asbestos-containing

products in Japan. Industrial Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531608

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 5: Sample Size

Low

x 1

3

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

x 1

4

control classifications in this report cannot be linked to actual airborne con-
centrations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.8.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

70 Of 247

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Source Citation: Yu, I. J.,Yoo, C. Y.,Chung, Y. H.,Han, J. H.,Yhang, S. Y.,Yu, G. M.,Song, K. S.. 2004. Asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway

workers during renovation of subway air-conditioning systems. Environment International.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531609

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

Renovation of ventilaltion system in subway

Solid

Inhalation

range from LOD to 0.020 f/cc; 9 of 72 air samples above LOD (LOD 0.002 -
0.003 f/cc);

72 air samples
8

TWA

Removal of ceiling panels and ventillation ducts, installation of new ventillation

system, and installation of subway station equipment

Not specified

bulk, breathing zone

subway system in Seoul, Korea

180240 min for night shift and 300360 min for day shift.

Not specified

Twelve of the eighteen bulk samples were found to contain asbestos (Table 1),
although four samples were less than 0.1 percent that is usual detection limit for
most labs. Ten samples contained chrysotile fibers and two samples contained
tremolite fibers (Table 1). The original four gaskets used in the duct connections
at the Euljiro, Yaksu, and Sindang stations were found to contain asbestos
Not specified
Not specified.

NIOSH 7402

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High x 1 1 used niosh methods

Continued on next page

71 Of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Yu, I. J.,Yoo, C. Y.,Chung, Y. H.,Han, J. H.,Yhang, S. Y.,Yu, G. M.,Song, K. S.. 2004. Asbestos exposure among Seoul metropolitan subway

workers during renovation of subway air-conditioning systems. Environment International.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531609

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
Medium
Medium

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
4

3

OECD - Korea

Out of scope occupational exposure data
2003 study; 2001 data
no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

limited metadata.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

limited discussion

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



2.1



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

72 of 247

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Source Citation:	Osha,. 2017. Occupational exposure to asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3978190

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

Gasket/packing manufacture, Automotive repair

Solid

Inhalation

estimated exposures before and after compliance with 1994 PEL of 0.1 f/cc (based

on representative data from 1985 rulemaking record): automotive repair: 0.017

f/c, 0.00294 f/cc; gasket manufacture: 0.043 down to 0.00718 (Table 5)

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

"National Automobile Dealers Association stated that both the enclosure/HEPA
vacuum method and the low pressure/wet cleaning method are currently [as
of 1994 rulemaking] in use throughout the automotive brake and clutch repair
industry," which are feasible methods of achieving the PEL of 0.1 f/cc.
in 1986 rulemaking, OSHA concluded that asbestos cement pipe manufacture "dry
mechanical process" could not achieve 0.2 f/cc without respiratory protection,
describes the 0.1 f/cc PEL as the practical lower limit of feasibility

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1

OSHA final rule; expected that underlying data are from literature search and
OSHA compliance data

Continued on next page

73 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Osha,. 2017. Occupational exposure to asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3978190

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
Low

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6

3

US

automotive repair, also cement pipe manufacture
1994 OSHA Final Rule

Where exposure data are presented, statistical characterization not provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Where exposure data are presented, few metadata are provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

No discussion provided

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



2.1



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

74 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Osha,. 2007. Standard interpretations: Classification of removal of asbestos-containing gaskets; requirement to conduct removal in a "glove

bag".

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978224

EXTRACTION
Parameter



Data







Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Other

gasket removal

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data
letter of intepretation.





EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

2

Correspondance between the president of a company that works with asbestos
gaskets and the director of the Directorate of Enforcement Programs

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

4

2

3

US

information regarding the removal of asbestos gaskets
2011

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no actual monitoring data.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''	Unacceptable	4 Metric Mean Score: 2.1.

Continued on next page

75 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Osha,. 2007. Standard interpretations: Classification of removal of asbestos-containing gaskets; requirement to conduct removal in a "glove

bag".

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978224

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

76 of 247

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Source Citation:	Osha,. 1995. Work practices and engineering controls for Class I asbestos operations - non-mandatory, Part 2.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978233

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):
Worker Activity:

Other

Class I work = removal of thermal system insulation or surfacing material >1
percent asbestos (surfacing material means sprayed on, troweled on, or other-
wise applied, such as acoustical plaster on ceilings or fireproofing on structural
members).

Solid
Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

1915.1001 Appendix F, nonmandatory, exposure controls for Class I asbestos
work.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

OSHA

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
6
3

US

Asbestos avoidance instructions for construction and shipyard workers
1993

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no actual monitoring data, work activities outside scope.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

Continued on next page

77 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Osha,. 1995. Work practices and engineering controls for Class I asbestos operations - non-mandatory, Part 2.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978233

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

78 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Japanese Ministry of, Environment. 2011. Summary of countermeasures against asbestos in Japan.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3980937

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

Analytic Method:

Other

waste disposal

Solid

Inhalation

geometric mean concentrations of 0.47 - 0.05 f/Liter, with no particular trends.
Shown in table 3-1 on page 21.

Not specified
Not specified

area samples, duration Not specified

asbestos disposal facility

Not specified

area sampling at 10 L/min

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

not discussed

not discussed

optical microscopy

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

x 1

sampling methods described in detail in appendix VIII of this report.

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Medium

Low

Temporal Representativeness Medium
Sample Size	Low

X 1	2 Japan

X 2	6 ambient monitoring data from unspecified number of waste disposal facilities.

no information on whether the samples were in working areas or at the fenceline

X 2	4 2011 report, 1995-2009 data

X 1	3 only geometric means reported.

Continued on next page

79 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Japanese Ministry of, Environment. 2011. Summary of countermeasures against asbestos in Japan.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3980937

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

x 1

4

no information on whether the samples were in working areas or at the fenceline

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3

not discussed

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.6.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

80 of 247

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Source Citation:	Ctem Publication. 1999. Industrial pollution prevention and abatement in chlor-alkali industry.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3981071

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms

3 different processes for chloralkali production (one uses mercury instead of

asbestos)

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	Low	X 1	3 Document does not specify organization that authored report or what methods

were used

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope	High	x 1	1

Applicability	High	x 2	2

Temporal Representativeness	Medium	x 2	4

Sample Size	Low	x 1	3

us

In-scope use

1999 report pulled in 2017.
no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable x 1

Document does not discuss its sources, methods, and assumptions; author and
publishing organization is not specified. Document contains no metadata to
evaluate quality of information presented.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1	3 No discussion provided

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable

4 Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

Continued on next page

81 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Ctem Publication. 1999. Industrial pollution prevention and abatement in chlor-alkali industry.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3981071

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

82 Of 247

-------
Source Citation:

Donovan, S.,Pickin, J.. 2016. An Australian stocks and flows model for asbestos. Waste Management and Research.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3520603

EXTRACTION

Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): estimates when asbestos containing materials will be disposed to landfill. 90

percent of asbestos consumed in Australia prior to 2003 ban went into cement
products.

Exposure Concentration (Unit): Under the best estimate, asbestos stocks peaked in 1981 and waste quantities in

2014, and in 2016, 44 percent of consumed asbestos remains in use.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

x 1

Waste Management & Research

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium

Unacceptable

High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
8

Australia

does not relate directly to occupational exposure.
2016

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination''' Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.7.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, two of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

83 of 247

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Source Citation: Kim, S. Y.,Kim, Y. C.,Kim, Y.,Hong, W. H.. 2016. Predicting the mortality from asbestos-related diseases based on the amount of asbestos

used and the effects of slate buildings in Korea. Science of the Total Environment.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3531033

EXTRACTION
Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

cement products

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

Medium

x 1

Science of the Total Environment

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Medium

Unacceptable

High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
8

Korea

not occupational exposure
2016

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.7.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, two of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

84 Of 247

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Source Citation: Gray, C.,Carey, R. N.,Reid, A.. 2016. Current and future risks of asbestos exposure in the Australian community. International Journal of

Occupational and Environmental Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3541055

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): Asbestos removers and assessors

Exposure Concentration (Unit): no monitoring data - literature review and interviews

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium

Unacceptable

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
8

Australia

no monitoring data. No occupational exposures discussed.
2016

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.6.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, two of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

85 of 247

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Source Citation: Porcu, M.,Orru, R.,Cincotti, A.,Cao, G. C.. 2005. Self-propagating reactions for environmental protection: Treatment of wastes containing

asbestos. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3581347

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Other

asbestos waste treatment/thermal conversion

no monitoring data - information and experimentation with a process to treat
asbestos waste

thermal treatment of asbestos containing waste with ferric oxide, magnesium
powder, and sepiolite (Mg4Si6)15(0H)26H20. Self propagating reaction alters
the chemical and micro- structure.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

x 1

Ind. Eng. Chem

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Medium

X 1

Italy

Metric 3:

Applicability

Unacceptable

x 2

This article does not describe occupational exposure or environmental release

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

2005

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Low

X 1

no information provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination''' Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.9.

Continued on next page

86 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Porcu, M.,Orru, R.,Cincotti, A.,Cao, G. C.. 2005. Self-propagating reactions for environmental protection: Treatment of wastes containing

asbestos. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3581347

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, two of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

87 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Usgs,. 2017. Mineral commodity summaries 2017.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3827270

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:	Asbestos Diaphragms

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):	Chlor-alkali Industry and others

Exposure Concentration (Unit):	estimates that 100 percent of imported asbestos (340 metric tons, all chrysotile)

was used in manufacture of asbestos diaphragms for the chloralkali industry - no
monitoring data

Worker Activity:	A non-specified quantity of asbestos was imported within manufactured products,

possibly including brake linings and pads, building materials, gaskets, millboard,
and yarn and thread, among others.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

US Geological Survey Report

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

High

Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

2

2

3

US

Provides asbestos import and consumption volumes and estimate of market
share by chloralkali industry.

2016

Sample size representativeness captured in USGS estimates is unclear

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Data collection methods and assumptions not clearly provided. Appendix C
defines data sources and terms used for classification of reserves.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Variability not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.7



Continued on next page

88 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Usgs,. 2017. Mineral commodity summaries 2017.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3827270

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

89 of 247

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Source Citation: Flanagan, D. M.. 2016. 2015 Minerals yearbook. Asbestos [advance release].

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3840041

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali Industry and others

estimates that 95 percent of imported asbestos (343 metric tons, all chrysotile)
was used in manufacture of asbestos diaphragms for the chloralkali industry,
asbestos consumption has declined annually for 30 years. Insufficient data to
quantify asbestos use in other industries. The US imported $4.63 million of
manufactured products containing asbestos (anl8 percent descrease from 2014).
The US exported and reexported $26 million of manufactured asbestos products,
a 13 percent decrease from 2014. 32 percent of asbestos containing exports were
friction products (brake and clutch linings, brake pads), 15 percent of exports
were gaskets, packing and seals. These may have been reexports or misclassified
items that did not contain asbestos, since there is little or no production of these
materials in the US in recent years.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

USGS Minerals Yearbook

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Provides asbestos import and consumption volumes and estimate of market

share by chloralkali industry

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

2015

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Low

X 1

Sample size representativeness captured in USGS estimates is unclear

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Low Xl 3 Data collection methods and assumptions not clearly provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Continued on next page

90 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Flanagan, D. M.. 2016. 2015 Minerals yearbook. Asbestos [advance release].

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3840041

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1 3 Variability not discussed.



Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium

1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

91 Of 247

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Source Citation: Virta, R. L.. 2004. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical TechnologyAsbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3859385

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Analytic Method:

Other

Asbestos industry

worldwide production by country through 2000. No monitoring data - information

on chemical structure of asbestos

does not discuss occupational exposures

Page 18 a brief discussion of microscopy for fiber identification

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Unacceptable
Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

8
4
3

does not relate directly to occupational exposure.
2004

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.7.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, two of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

92 Of 247

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Source Citation:	2017. PubChem: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3860485

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Other

NLM data dump, outside scope

No monitoring data - contains chemical information for asbestos
p 22 describes lab analytical methods

p 19 use and mfr info, all too old to use. R 70: Mentions presence in local water
in San Franciso and Seattle, plus areas with aggressive water and asbestos cement
pipe.

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

U.S. National Library of Medicine

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4

2

3

US

no recent occupational exposure data.
Accessed 2017
no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.



Continued on next page

93 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	2017. PubChem: Chrysotile.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3860485

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

94 Of 247

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Source Citation:

2017. Safe work practices: Asbestos.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3860565

EXTRACTION

Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): O&M guidance

Exposure Concentration (Unit): N/A - No monitoring data

Worker Activity: no exposure data, just work practice guidance for O&M.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

US EPA

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

Relates to occupational exposure to asbestos
2017

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility /Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no actual monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

95 of 247

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Source Citation: ToxNet Hazardous Substances Data, Bank. 2017. HSDB: Asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID 3970271

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Other

Hazardous substances data bank - all old info

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

no exposure data, no relevant data on use.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

National Institute of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

Relates to occupational exposure to asbestos
2017

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

96 of 247

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Source Citation: ToxNet Hazardous Substances Data, Bank. 2017. HSDB: Chrysotile asbestos.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3970272

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Other

Hazardous substances data bank - all old info

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

no exposure data, no relevant data on use.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

National Institute of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

Relates to occupational exposure to asbestos
2017

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

97 Of 247

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Source Citation: Usgs,. 2002. Asbestos: Geology, mineralogy, mining, and uses.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID 3975020

EXTRACTION
Parameter

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Worker Activity:

Data

Other

Mining, processing, and use

Solid

Inhalation

N/A - No monitoring data

no exposure data, no relevant data on use.

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High xl 1 u.s. department of the interior

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

4
4

Relates to occupational exposure to asbestos

2002? report #02-xxx; newest entry in bibliography is from 2001.

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

98 of 247

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Source Citation: Boelter, F.,Simmons, C.,Hewett, P.. 2011. Exposure data from multi-application, multi-industry maintenance of surfaces and joints sealed

with asbestos-containing gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2576853

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Other

gaskets within heavy equipment (Caterpillar construction equipment)

Solid

Inhalation

Sample data information including the surrogate values for the full-shift,TWA
personal sample resultsranged from 0.002 to 0.064 asbestos f/cc. Personal, short-
term, 30-min sample results, including the two surrogate values, ranged from
0.038 to 0.561 asbestos f/cc. Full-shift TWA area samples, including the 31
surrogate values, ranged from 0.005 to 0.039 asbestos f/cc. Area air sample
results at the end of the project were similar to levels measured before the start
of the project. No fiber concentration buildup within the work area was indicated
over the 9-day study. All full-shift personal and area TWA sample results were
below 0.1 f/cc, and shortterm 30-min personal samples were below 1.0 f/cc.
Statistical results of the sample data with and without the surrogate values were
consistent. Use of the time-activity model reduced the uncertainty associated
with this data analysis and provided a consistent logical process for estimating
surrogate values to replace missing data.

A total of 444 samples were collectedover 9 days. Despite execution of a care-
fully planned sampling strategy, approximately 10 percent (47) of the samples
collected could not be analyzed due to overloading or filter damage. To include
the overloaded samples in the data analysis,surrogate values were estimated fol-
lowing a time-activity model. Twelve long-term personal samples, 2 short-term,
30-min personal samples, and 31 long-term area samples weremodeled. Personal
and area time-weighted average(TWA) datawere analyzed both with and without
the estimated surrogate values and compared,
one site
TWA

This study on four pieces of heavy construction equipment was conducted to
determine the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers during in-frame mainte-
nance and repair activities,which included aggressive techniques that resulted in
visible dust from work involving friction products and gaskets.

Continued on next page

99 of 247

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Source Citation: Boelter, F.,Simmons, C.,Hewett, P.. 2011. Exposure data from multi-application, multi-industry maintenance of surfaces and joints sealed

with asbestos-containing gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2576853

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Four experienced heavy equipment mechanicsremoved and replaced friction prod-
ucts and gaskets.

Personal and area

in a heavy equipment repair facility

Multiple, see samples infoFull shift ranged from 6.5hr to 9.5hr, with over half of
the samples in the 8-hr time period

Ten background air samples were collected for approximately 145 min at 2 L/min
on the day prior to the start of repair activities. Five samples were collected inside
the facility, and five were collected outside the facility to establish background
fiber concentrations.Personal and area air samples were collected each day with
sample pumps started prior to the initiation of work activities and were stopped at
the end of the day after completion of work. Consecutive, long-term samples were
collected on each mechanic and at each area sampling location. Samples were
combined into TWAs over the whole sampling period to achieve full-shift TWA
concentrations.The short-term, personal monitoring periods were for 30 min and
were collected during activities when the mechanics were directly impacting the
asbestos-containing gasket or friction material. These samples were collected to
reflect peak exposure concentrations from activities conducted over a short period
of time.

The removed and replaced brake materials from all four pieces of equipment con-
tained from 15 percent to 95 percent chrysotile asbestos. Bulk sample analysis for
asbestos in brake debris collected from all four machines yielded either nonde-
tectable or less than 1 percent chrysotile asbestos. Removed and replaced gasket
materials positive for asbestos ranged from 3 percent to 85 percent chrysotile.

Continued on next page

100 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:	The repair facility was not equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. The

study was conducted under routine conditions with doors being opened only for
entry and exitof personnel. The overhead doors were opened only to move equip-
ment and supplies in and out of the repair facility or fora few minutes following
work activities, such as operating the diesel engines, welding, and grinding or
other activities that generated dense smoke or fume. A pedestal-mounted fan
was used by the mechanics at various times to provide airmovement inside the
repair facility.Prior to and following work activities, the effective ventilation rate
(reported as the number of air changes per hour) of thefacility was determined by
using carbon dioxide (C02) tracer gas.

PPE:	no discussion /none?

Analytic Method:	Samples were analyzed using NIOSH Method 7400 Phase ContrastMicroscopy

followed by NIOSH Method 7402 TransmissionElectron Microscopy.

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

4

This study on four pieces of heavy construction equipment was conducted











to determine the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers during in-frame











maintenance and repair activities, which included aggressive techniques that











resulted in visible dust from work involving friction products and gaskets.











Friction products were not for automotive use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

4

2007

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Continued on next page

Boelter, F.,Simmons, C.,Hewett, P.. 2011. Exposure data from multi-application, multi-industry maintenance of surfaces and joints sealed
with asbestos-containing gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

2576853

101 of 247

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Source Citation:	Boelter, F.,Simmons, C.,Hewett, P.. 2011. Exposure data from multi-application, multi-industry maintenance of surfaces and joints sealed

with asbestos-containing gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2576853

EVALUATION







Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score Comments

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1 well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2 Discuss variability between different worker activities

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.6



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

102 Of 247

-------
Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Hollins, D. M.,Devlin, K. D.,Donovan, E. P.,Dopart, P. J.,Scott, P. K.,Perez, A. L.. 2014. Airborne asbestos exposures associated

with gasket and packing replacement: a simulation study and meta-analysis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3077980

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:
Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Other

valve gaskets and packing

Solid

Inhalation

Shortterm mechanic and assistant airborne asbestos concentrations during valve
work averaged 0.013 f/cc and 0.008 f/cc (PCME), respectively. Area samples
averaged 0.008 f/cc, 0.005 f/cc, and 0.003 f/cc (PCME) for center, bystander, and
remote background, respectively. Assuming a tradesman conservatively performs
13 gasket and/or packing replacements daily, an average 8-h TWA was estimated
to be 0.002 0.010 f/cc (PCME).

A total of 228 airborne asbestos samples were collected over the course of the 3-
day study, including 78 worker samples, 40 assistant samples, 57 area samples, 18
clearance samples, six background samples, nine ambient samples, and 20 field
blanks. Of these samples, a total of 58 worker samples, 26 assistant samples,
and 52 area samples were used in the analysis since they were collected during
activities involving asbestos-containing components. In addition, a total of 59
bulk samples were collected on the associated packing and gasket material, as
well as on miscellaneous dust created during valve work.

Complete valve overhauls were performed inside an enclosed room by two retired
mechanics with 50 combined years of training and experience in the U.S. Navy,
servicing and repairing equipment.

Short term and 8-hr TWA estimates obtained from short term samples
Exposures to airborne asbestos during the removal and installation of internal
gaskets and packing associatedwith a valve overhaul were characterized and com-
pared to published data according to different variables (e.g., product, equipment,
task, tool, setting, duration),
two

Personal breathing zone and area samples were collected during twelve events
simulating gasket and packing replacement, clean-up and clothinghandling.
maritime?

16-84 min

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Hollins, D. M.,Devlin, K. D.,Donovan, E. P.,Dopart, P. J.,Scott, P. K.,Perez, A. L.. 2014. Airborne asbestos exposures associated

with gasket and packing replacement: a simulation study and meta-analysis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3077980

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Exposure Frequency: Airborne asbestos concentrations were measured during activities conducted dur-

ing twelve sampling events. Ten of these events characterized exposures during
valve overhaul work which included the removal and installation of asbestos-
containing packing and/or gaskets contained within ten vintage valves (Event 1,
311), one characterized exposures associated with post-valve overhaul clean-up
work (Event 2), and one characterized exposures during the handling of coveralls
worn during the study (Event 12).See study for additional details

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution: The asbestos bulk content of the packing material removed from the valves was

ND-<1 percent chrysotile (1 valve) and 4070 percent chrysotile (3 valves); no
asbestos was detected in the packingmaterial removed from the remaining six
valves. The bulk content of the packing material installed in the valves ranged
from 25 percent to 70 percent chrysotile asbestos. The asbestos bulk content of
the gasket material removed from the valves was ND-<1 percent chrysotile (4
valves), <1 percent chrysotile (1 valve), and 5055 percent chrysotile (2 valves);
no asbestos was detected in the gasket material removed from the remaining two
valves. The bulk content of the gasket material installed in the valves ranged from
45 percent to 65 percent chrysotile asbestos. No amphibole fibers were detected
in any of the gasket or packing materials removed or installed into the valves.

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: The air exchange in the room (passive ventilation) was found to be approximately

23 air changes per hour (ACH).

PPE: Clothes handling (i.e., shaking and folding of coveralls worn during valve overhaul

work) was also studied. In total, six coveralls worn by the worker and the assistant
(one pair each per day) were collected and sealed separately in plastic-lined bags.
At the conclusion of the study, coveralls worn by the mechanic and assistant and
collected each day of the testing (new coveralls were worn each day) were shaken,
folded, and turned inside out for approximately 13 min by a volunteer, simulating
the handling of these potentiallycontaminated work clothes (Event 12).

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Madl, A. K.,Hollins, D. M.,Devlin, K. D.,Donovan, E. P.,Dopart, P. J.,Scott, P. K.,Perez, A. L.. 2014. Airborne asbestos exposures associated

with gasket and packing replacement: a simulation study and meta-analysis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3077980

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Analytic Method: These samples were analyzed using PCM and TEM methods and PCM-equivalent

(PCME) airborne asbestos concentrations were calculated. A meta-analysis was
performed to compare these data with airborne asbestos concentrations measured
in other studies involving gaskets and packing.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1
4

2
1

United States

Airborne asbestos exposures associated with gasket and packing replacement
2014

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High

1.2

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

105 of 247

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Source Citation: Fowler, D. P.. 2000. Exposures to asbestos arising from bandsawing gasket material. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3080855

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:
Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Sheet gaskets

bandsawing gasket material

Solid

Inhalation

The results are shown in Table I. The personal exposures to fibers longer than
5 micrometers (1 m) during bandsawing were between 2.2 and 4.9 fibers per
milliliter (f/mL) by PCM where the current OSHA eight-hour TWA standard is
0.1 f/mL, and the 30-minute excursion limit is 1.0 f/mL. The personal results by
TEM were higher; 22.249.3 asbestos structures per milliliter...
nine samples, see Table 1 for details
one site
Short-term

A simulation of bandsawing sheet asbestos gasket material was performed as
part of a retrospective exposure evaluationundertaken to assist in determining
causation of a case of mesothelioma. The work was performed by bandsawing
a chrysotile asbestos (80 percent )/neoprene gasket sheet with a conventional
16-inch woodworking bandsaw inside a chamber,
one worker, simulation study
personal breathing and area

The work was done inside a specially constructed chamber - see report for details
6-30 min

Three sets of samples were taken. During the saber saw cutting to reduce the
sheet to manageable-size pieces for bandsawing, a single personal sample (A)
was taken from the right side of the operator's breathing zone. The second set
of samples was taken during the cutting of the two large pieces to smaller pieces
(approximately 12 cm " 15 cm), (samples B to E.) That cutting was interrupted
by a power failure for a few minutes, as indicated on Table I. The third set of
samples was taken during the cutting (for a few minutes) of the 12 cm " 15 cm
pieces into halves, (samples F to J, no G used.)

The material examined was a neoprene-impregnated sheet gasket, 0.3175 cm (1/8
inch) thick. The asbestos content of the gasket as stated by the manufacturer was
80 percent chrysotile.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:

Fowler, D. P.. 2000. Exposures to asbestos arising from bandsawing gasket material. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID

3080855

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: The entire chamber was ventilated during all sawing by drawing air into the entry

of the clean room with a Nil" sk Model GS 80 HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaner
placed at the end of the chamber farthest from the entry. The air " flow rate was
approximately 0.991.13 cubic meters per minute (3540 cubic feet per minute), for
an air exchange rate of 3.23.7 air changes per hour (ACH).

PPE: All sawing work was done by theauthor, wearing disposable garments over street

clothes, and a properly " fitted half-mask respirator with HEPA "filter cartridges.

Analytic Method: with analysis of collected samples by transmission electronmicroscopy(TEM) and

phase contrast microscopy (PCM). These were supplemented by qualitative scan-
ning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of some of the airborne particles
collectedon the filters

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
Medium
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
4
1

United States
In-scope use
2000

Individual samples provided, so distribution can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty, which could be determined
from underlying methods

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Fowler, D. P.. 2000. Exposures to asbestos arising from bandsawing gasket material. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080855

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments



Overall Quality Determination^



High 1.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

108 of 247

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Source Citation: Boelter, F. W.,Crawford, G. N.,Podraza, D. M.. 2002. Airborne fiber exposure assessment of dry asbestos-containing gaskets and packings

found in intact industrial and maritime fittings. AIHA Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3520465

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:
Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:
Exposure Frequency:

Other

Asbestos-Containing Gaskets and Packings Found in Intact Industrial and Mar-
itime Fittings
Solid
Inhalation

Results for every area and personal sample showed the 8-hour TWAs were well
below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible
exposure limit of 0.1 f/cc.

80 total samples - see Table 1

The fittings used during this study were obtained intact from a decommissioned
industrial power plant and U.S. Navy destroyers
8-hr TWA

The activities tested included flat blade scraping, hand wire brushing, power wire
brushing, making gaskets with a ball-peen hammer, and stem packing removal
and replacement. All activities were performed dry.

Personal samples were collected from the breathing zones of thetwo individuals
performing the work for the duration of the 8-hour test cycle,
personal sampling

An isolation test chamber shown in Figure 1 was constructedin which to conduct
the study.

8-hour test cycle

The study was conducted as 10 separate cycles in an isolation chamber to eliminate
outside influences. Each cycle was conducted at the rate of one fitting per hour
over an 8-hour period. The frequency of one fitting per hour was based on the
activity rates observed by the authors, reported in previous published field gasket
studies, and those in reerence estimating manuals.(18,19) or reference text books.

Continued on next page

109 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution: The old packing material was all fibrous, and when it contained asbestos, it varied

from 40 to 80 percent chrysotile. The "new" asbestos-containing packing material
used for the event cycles was from unused new old stock (NOS). This material
was Garlock style 733, which is a graphite impregnated 80 percent chrysotile
square braided packing. The 16 valves were packed using new valve packing
tools purchased from a catalog.

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: The chamber was designed and constructed to be a static environment. During

the test there was no air movement into or out of the chamber.

PPE: simulation

Analytic Method: Samples were collected and analyzed by PCM following OSHA ID-160, which

is essentially the same as NIOSH method 7400, A Rule

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

OSHA ID-160, same as NIOSH 7400

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

gasket and packing activities in industrial and maritime environments

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

2002

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Continued on next page

Boelter, F. W.,Crawford, G. N.,Podraza, D. M.. 2002. Airborne fiber exposure assessment of dry asbestos-containing gaskets and packings
found in intact industrial and maritime fittings. AIHA Journal.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

3520465

110 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Boelter, F. W.,Crawford, G. N.,Podraza, D. M.. 2002. Airborne fiber exposure assessment of dry asbestos-containing gaskets and packings

found in intact industrial and maritime fittings. AIHA Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3520465

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.6





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

Ill Of 247

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Source Citation:	Mangold, C.,Clark, K.,Madl, A.,Paustenbach, D.. 2006. An exposure study of bystanders and workers during the installation and removal of

asbestos gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531143

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

gaskets and packing, naval equipment

Solid

Inhalation

8-hour TWA exposures of pipefitters and other tradesmen who perfermoed thes
activities were below the current PEL and all previous PELs - highest average
8-hr TWA was 0.030 f/cc. 8-hour TWA breathing zone concentrations did not
exceed 0.016 f/cc

multiple datasets for different worker activities - 100+ samples taken
one site, recreated Navy's work practices in a contaminant-free enviornment
during an 8-hour workday
4 and 8-hr TWA

replacing gaskets and packing materials - formation, removal, and storage of

gaskets, as well as the scraping of flanges and the replacemetn of valve packing

simulation - not relevant

personal and area

enclosure (27 cubic meters)

8-hour test cycle

N/A - simulation

removed gaskets contained 60-80 percent chrysotile asbestos, and the installed
gaskets contained 70-80 percent chrysotile asbestos,
n/a - simulation
simulation

phase contrast microscopy (PCM) analysis

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1	1 Approved niosh methods

Continued on next page

112 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Mangold, C.,Clark, K.,Madl, A.,Paustenbach, D.. 2006. An exposure study of bystanders and workers during the installation and removal of

asbestos gaskets and packing. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531143

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
Medium
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1
4
4
1

United States

gasket and packing activities
2006

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.6



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

113 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Spence, S. K.,Rocchi, P. S. J.. 1996. Exposure to asbestos fibres during gasket removal. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3580451

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

gaskets used in the chemical industry to prevent leakage between solid surfaces

Solid

Inhalation

The average exposure to fibres for group A, averaged over the work period,

was 0.04-0.242 fibres/ml as determined by phase-contrast microscopy.Group B -

ranged between below the detection limit and 0.02 fibres/ml

21 samples total - 11 for group A, 10 for Group B

one - ARCO Chemical in Netherlands

Short term and 8-hr TWA

Two groups were studied: group A, who only removed gaskets if they could be

removed easily and without breaking; and group B, who removed gaskets which

were left by the first group. For both groups, the gasket was first made wet before

removal.

unspecified

personal

chemical site

69-432 min

Not stated, implied removal of gaskets is not done often (once a year?)
Not specified
Not mentioned

HEPA filter full-face mask respiratory, hooded coveralls, gloves, boots
PCM and transmission electron microscopy

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1	1 Approved niosh methods

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

114 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Spence, S. K.,Rocchi, P. S. J.. 1996. Exposure to asbestos fibres during gasket removal. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3580451

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
Medium
Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
6
1

OECD, Netherlands

gasket removal in chemical industry

1996

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.9





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

115 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Rohl, A. N.,Langer, A. M.,Wolff, M. S.,Weisman, I.. 1976. Asbestos exposure during brake lining maintenance and repair. Environmental

Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	176

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Data obtained on asbestos exposure of garage mechanics during brake lining
maintenance and repair work show that fiber concentrations frequently in excess
of regulated limits are common,
ten samples

multiple, exact number unclear
short-term, bulk

Data obtained on asbestos exposure of garage mechanics during brake lining
maintenanceand repair work
unspecified
personal air samples

franchised auto dealer garages, taxi fleet repair shops, and a municipal truck repair
shop, all located in New York Cit
0-14 min

presence of chrysotile, ranging from 2 to 15 percent, in brake drum dusts,particle
size distribution discussed in article
States engineering controls were not used
States workers didn't use PPE

The presence of chrysotile, ranging from 2 to 15 percent, in brake drum dusts, was
demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected
area electron diffraction, and electron microprobe analyses

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1	1 Approved niosh methods

Continued on next page

116 of 247

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Source Citation:	Rohl, A. N.,Langer, A. M.,Wolff, M. S.,Weisman, I.. 1976. Asbestos exposure during brake lining maintenance and repair. Environmental

Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	176

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6
2

United States
in scope use
1976

Only mean and ranges provided for most of the data

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty, which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.7



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

117 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Freeman, M. D.,Kohles, S. S.. 2012. Assessing specific causation of mesothelioma following exposure to chrysotile asbestos-containing

brake dust. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	2554714

EXTRACTION
Parameter

Data







Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Aftermarket auto parts
automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

note - document has good information/background for brake linings industrysee
referenced studies for exposure details. Need to track down underlying studies
for this document to be useful

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

X 1

1

US University study, published in International Journal of Occup and Env
Health

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High
High
N/A

X 1

x 2
x 2

1

2
2

N/A

United States

In-scope use - automotive brakes
2012

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.0





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

118 Of 247

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Source Citation: Blake, C. L.,Johnson, G. T.,Harbison, R. D.. 2009. Airborne asbestos exposure during light aircraft brake replacement. Regulatory Toxicology

and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2594497

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other

aircraft brake pad replacement

Solid

Inhalation

Personal air samples did not detect any measurable amount of asbestos fibers dur-
ing the brake changing or subsequent cleanup procedures. Analysis of personal
samples (n = 9) using phase contrast microscopy indicated airborne fiber concen-
trations at or below 0.003 f/ml as 8-h time weighted averages (TWAs) and less
than 0.069 f/ml averaged over 2830 min sampling periods. Airborne chrysotile
fibers were detected by two area air samples with fiber concentrations remaining
at or below0.0013 f/ml over an 8-h TWA.

9 personal samples, 2 area
one site

28-30 min short term and 8-hr TWA estimated from 1-hr samples

an aircraft fitted with asbestos containing brake pads had brake changes performed

one worker, simulation study

personal and area

The brake changing process took place in a closed, unventilated aircraft hanger
and all operations were performed according to the manufacturer"srecommended
procedure.

28 - 63 min samples

Two complete brake changes were performed during two airsampling sessions,
one for each of the aircraft" s main wheels.

Following removal of the test brake pads from the aircraft, 2 of the 4 pads

were submitted for analysis of asbestos content. This analysis, performed using

Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) indicated the presence of 10 percent (by area)

chrysotile asbestos in each pad.

n/a - simulation

not discussed

PCM /TEM

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Blake, C. L.,Johnson, G. T.,Harbison, R. D.. 2009. Airborne asbestos exposure during light aircraft brake replacement. Regulatory Toxicology

and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2594497

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

4

not automotive

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

2

2009

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Medium

X 1

2

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity









Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty









Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined











from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^	High	1.4

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

120 Of 247

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Source Citation: Blake, C. L.,Dotson, G. S.,Harbison, R. D.. 2008. Evaluation of asbestos exposure within the automotive repair industry: a study involving

removal of asbestos-containing body sealants and drive clutch replacement. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2599024

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Aftermarket auto parts

removal of asbestos-containing body sealants and drive clutch replacement

Solid

Inhalation

the average asbestos concentration for personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples dur-
ing seam sealant removal was 0.006 f/cc (fibers/cubic centimeter of air). Many
other air samples contained asbestos at or below the analytical limit of detection
(LOD).The highest asbestos corrected airborne fiber concentration observed dur-
ing clutch installation was 0.0028 f/cc. This value is approximately 100 times
lower than Occupational Safety and Health Administration"s (OSHA) permissible
exposure limit (PEL) of 0.1 f/cc.

84 area samples, 14 PBZ samples
one site

Short-term and 8-hr TWA

Two independent assessments were performed of airborne asbestos concentrations

generated during automotive repair work on vintage vehicles . The first involved

removal of asbestos-containing seam sealant, and the second involved servicing

of a drive clutch.

one professional mechanic

PBZ, area

This study was conducted in an operational automotive repair facility located in
Ypsilanti, Michigan. The specific workspace used for this testing was a three bay
garage.

126 - 321 min

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Blake, C. L.,Dotson, G. S.,Harbison, R. D.. 2008. Evaluation of asbestos exposure within the automotive repair industry: a study involving

removal of asbestos-containing body sealants and drive clutch replacement. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2599024

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Exposure Frequency: In total, fourteen individual test sessions were conducted during removal of

asbestos-containing seam sealant. In the first test cycle, the mechanic removed the
mastic material with a hand scraper. Subsequently a pneumatic chisel was used in
removing sealant from alternative sites of the same wheel well. Seam sealant was
removed during 15 min test intervals. During the first day of testing, the mechanic
performed eight, 15 min-duration removal exercises on the Mustang Coupe (two
within each of four wheel wells), and one 15 min-duration removal exercise on
the Mustang Fastback. On the following day, five additional 15 minduration
removal exercises were performed on the Mustang Fastback. All outside doors to
the service facility were closed during each test session. Following each 15 min
sampling period, the bay and pedestrian doors were opened for approximately
30 min to facilitate "airing-out" of the automotive service facility. Additional
activities were performed during the clean-up phase including removal of debris,
wet-mopping of the floor and replacing/repositioning of the air samplers.

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution: Despite the relatively high concentrations (5.628 percent ) of chrysotile fibers

detected within bulk samples of seam sealant

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: The automotive service facility had no ventilation system representing "the worst

case" scenario for a mechanic engaged in the servicing of vehicles.

PPE: not discussed

Analytic Method: Samples were analyzed using phase contrast microscopy (PCM)and transmission

electron microscopy (TEM)

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1 Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

122 of 247

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Source Citation:	Blake, C. L.,Dotson, G. S.,Harbison, R. D.. 2008. Evaluation of asbestos exposure within the automotive repair industry: a study involving

removal of asbestos-containing body sealants and drive clutch replacement. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2599024

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High
High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
2
1

United States
in scope use
2008

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.0





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

123 Of 247

-------
Source Citation: Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.,Lu, E. T.,Brorby, G. P.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2004. Enviromnental and occupational health hazards associated with

the presence of asbestos in brake linings and pads (1900 to present): a andquot;state-of-the-artandquot; review. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3080278

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Aftermarket auto parts

asbestsos in brake linings and pads (1900 to present)

Solid

Inhalation

Between 1960 and 1974, five epidemiology studies of friction product manufac-
turing workers were conducted. During this same time period, the initial studies
of brake lining wear (dust or debris) emissions were conducted showing that
automobile braking was not a substantial contributor of asbestos fibers greater
than 5?m in length to ambient air.During the post-1974 time period, most of the
information on exposure of brake mechanics to airborne asbestos during brake
repair was gathered, primarily from a series of sampling surveys conducted by the
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States. These
surveys indicated that the time-weighted average asbestos concentrations (about
16 h in duration) during brake servicing were between 0.004 and 0.28 fibers per
cubic centimeter, and the mean time-weighted average concentration was about
0.05 fibers per cubic centimeter. The data also showed that brake mechanics were
not exposed to time-weighted average concentrations above workplace exposure
limits in effect at the time of the study.Finally, there were 20 studies published
during this time period evaluating asbestos exposure or asbestos-related health
effects in friction product manufacturing workers. These studies indicated that
these workers were historically exposed to concentrations of chrysotile fibers
perhaps 10 to 50 times greater than those of brake mechanics, but the risk of
asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancer, if any, was not apparent, except for
those workers who had some degree of exposure to amphibole asbestos during
their careers.

Between 1930 and 1959, eight studies were conducted for which friction product
manufacturing workers were part of the population assessed. These studies
provided evidence of asbestosis among highly exposed workers, but provided
little information on the magnitude of exposure. The U.S. Public Health Service
proposed the first occupational guideline for asbestos exposure in 1938.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.,Lu, E. T.,Brorby, G. P.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2004. Enviromnental and occupational health hazards associated with

the presence of asbestos in brake linings and pads (1900 to present): a andquot;state-of-the-artandquot; review. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3080278

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Multiple - see details in literature review

Literature review - This article presents a "state-of-the-art" analysis of what
was known over time about the potential environmental and occupational health
hazards associated with the presence of chrysotile asbestos in brake linings and
pads. As part of this analysis, the evolution of automobile brakes and brake
friction materials, beginning with the early 1900s, is described.

"This analysis is divided into three time periods: 1900 to 1959, 1960 to 1974,
and 1975 to 2002. These were selected based on what were perceived to be sem-
inal events." SEE CONTINUATION OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN STUDYbrake
linings and pad repair, friction product manufacturing
Multiple - see details in literature review
Multiple - see details in literature review
Multiple - see details in literature review
Multiple - see details in literature review
Multiple - see details in literature review
Not mentioned
Not mentioned

Multiple - see details in literature review

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High x 1 1

Published in peer reviewed scientific journal: Journal of Toxicology and En-

vironmental Health

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High x 1 1

United States

Continued on next page

125 of 247

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Source Citation:	Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.,Lu, E. T.,Brorby, G. P.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2004. Enviromnental and occupational health hazards associated with

the presence of asbestos in brake linings and pads (1900 to present): a andquot;state-of-the-artandquot; review. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3080278

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 3:
Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low

X 2
x 2

x 1

2
4

3

in scope use

Spans multiple time periods, with the most recent data being from 1975 to
2002

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty, which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.6





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

126 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Yeung, P.,Patience, K.,Apthorpe, L.,Willcocks, D.. 1999. An Australian study to evaluate worker exposure to chrysotile in the automotive

service industry. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080975

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:
Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Aftermarket auto parts
automotive /multiple
Solid
Inhalation

Chrysotile exposure of car mechanics measured by PCM was typically below the
reportable detection limit of 0.05 f /mL, irrespective of whether disc brake, drum
brake,or clutch was being serviced.In the three brake shoe relining workshops, task
specific exposure reached up to 0.16 f /mL in the processesof cutting and radius
grinding.TEM results were generally higher, due to its higher resolution power.
The median diameter on samples taken from the servic e garages (passenger c
ars), as determined by TEM, was 0.5" 1.0 micro-m; and was between 0.2" 0.5
micro-m for the brake bonding and gasket proc essing workshops, while that for
the bus servic e depot was 0.1" 0.2 micro-m. Most of the respirable fibers (84
percent, mainly forsterite) from the bus servic e depot were below 0.2 micro-m in
diameter whic h is the resolution limit of PCM. In the brake bonding and gasket c
utting workshops, 34 perc ent and 44 perc ent of the chrysotile fibers were below
0.2 micro-m in diameter.

A total of 68 (11 personal and 57 area) air samples were collected
A study was conducted in Sydney, Australia, in 1996 to investigate the current
exposure levels, control technologies, and work practices in five service garages
(four car and one bus), three brake bonding workshops, and one gasket processing
workshop.

Short-term: less than 2 hours
Summarized in Table I

Summarized in Table I - depends on worker activity
personal and area

Area samples were taken at fixed locations in the vicinity of the work tasks, and
between one and two meters above floor level.

Continued on next page

127 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Yeung, P.,Patience, K.,Apthorpe, L.,Willcocks, D.. 1999. An Australian study to evaluate worker exposure to chrysotile in the automotive

service industry. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080975

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Single sample durations wereselec ted not to exc eed two hours, such that only a
maximum of 240 liters of air would be collec ted. This approach has resultedin a
prac tic al detec tion limit of around 0.05 f/mL (or 10 " bers/100 graticule areas)
by phase contrast mic roscopy (PCM).

Summarized in Table I - depends on worker activity

On bulk - see intro excerpt: "Chrysotile is still used in the manufac ture of motor
vehic le brake and c lutch materials in Australia, although inc reasingly other
materials (for example, metal oxides, synthetic mineral and organic " bers) have
been substituted for asbestos in the fabric ation of fric tion materials. Fric tion
materials commonlyfound in brake and c lutch systems c ontain about 40-60
percent (drum brakes and c lute hes) and 20 perc ent (disc brakes) chrysotile
asbestos (together with phenolic -type resins as binder and various other additives
to improve performanc e). Amosite, c roc idolite, or other amphibole asbestos
varieties are not used bee ause they are too harsh and tend to sc ore the brake
drums or disc s.(l)The actual size distributions of the fibers sampled from the
four types of establishment, as determined by TEM, are presented in Figures 3"6.
Summarized in Table I - depends on worker activity
Summarized in Table I - depends on worker activity

Fiber concentrationswere determined by the traditional phase contrast microscopy
(PCM) method and 16 selected samples were analyzedby the more powerful
transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1	1 PCM and TEM

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

128 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Yeung, P.,Patience, K.,Apthorpe, L.,Willcocks, D.. 1999. An Australian study to evaluate worker exposure to chrysotile in the automotive

service industry. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080975

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
High
Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

2
2
6
1

OECD, Australia
in scope use
1996

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.6





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

129 Of 247

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Source Citation: Roedelsperger, K.,Jahn, H.,Brueckel, B.,Manke, J.,Paur, R.,Woitowitz, H. J.. 1986. ASBESTOS DUST EXPOSURE DURING BRAKE

REPAIR. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3093764

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Aftermarket auto parts
automotive brake repair
Solid
Inhalation

Short-term asbestos dust exposures were measured by light microscopy in 101
personal samples during blowing out of brakes, and grinding and turning of brake
linings. During blowing out of car brakes, as well as during grinding of brake
linings, the product of fiber concentration with length > 5 micro-m and sampling
time amounted to about 4-5 fibers/ml-min corresponding to a concentration of
106 fibers/m3 over 4-5 min. For trucks and buses higher amounts of 5-10 * 106
fibers/m3 min were observed during these operations.

Ninety dust measurements in 76 service stations were made by phase contrast mi-
croscopy and by scanning transmission electron microscopy. 101 personal samples
76 service stations
Short-term

The number of working operations which were registered in 76 automobile garages
during dust sampling can be seen in Table I.The use of exhaust ventilation is also
indicated.

210 vehicle mechanics
Personal, area

Automobile maintenance shops

In general, personal sampling was extended over the whole service operation
which lasted 1 h or more, but in some cases personal sampling was limited to
certain dust-generating work operations. Therefore, depending on the duration of
the work operation, sampling time varied from less than 3 min to more than 1 h.
From occupational histories of 210 vehicle mechanics, an average duration of
employment ofXfs = 21flO years and a mean cumulative fiber dose of X f s =
(0.54 1.1) - lo6 fibers/m3 - years were calculated.

By electron microscopy, extremely fine chrysotile fibers with lengths < 5 micro-m
were identified in brake drum dust. Fibers with lengths >= 5 micro-m constituted
less than 1 percent of all chrysotile fibers counted in brake drum dust.

Continued on next page

130 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Roedelsperger, K.,Jahn, H.,Brueckel, B.,Manke, J.,Paur, R.,Woitowitz, H. J.. 1986. ASBESTOS DUST EXPOSURE DURING BRAKE

REPAIR. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3093764

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Compressed air was used to blow out loose dust in 15 of 36 garages servicing
cars and in 19 of 40 garages servicing trucks or buses. Special exhaust ventilation
systems were used during blowing-out operations in 8 of the car garages and in
10 of the bus and truck garages. In addition to compressed air blowing, brushing
and the use of solvents were observed. Only brake systems heavily contaminated
with oil and dirt were cleaned with hot water.

Not discussed

Fiber concentrations were determined by light and electron microscopy. Fibers
with lengths > 5 micro-m were counted with phase contrast light microscopy using
the reference method of the AIA [Asbestos International Association, 1979]

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

PCM and TEM in accordance with the AIA

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
High
Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2
6
1

OECD, Germany
in scope use

study ranges from 1975 to 1983

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Continued on next page

131 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Roedelsperger, K.,Jahn, H.,Brueckel, B.,Manke, J.,Paur, R.,Woitowitz, H. J.. 1986. ASBESTOS DUST EXPOSURE DURING BRAKE

REPAIR. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3093764

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments



Overall Quality Determination^



Medium 1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

132 Of 247

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Source Citation: Godbey, F. W.. 1988. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at U.S. Army Armor Center, Fort Knox,

Kentucky, Report No. CT-152-15A.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3099099

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Exposure Duration:
Exposure Frequency:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake drums in automobiles, jeeps, trucks, trailers, and buses

Solid

Inhalation

The author concludes that this facility did not appear to have asbestos controls
that were sufficient to protect the workers from asbestos dust arising from service
operations. The advisability of conducting an in depth evaluation of the controls
at this facility will be made in the future, after all the preliminary surveys and
finalization of the protocol for the project has been reached. - No monitoring data
A visit was made to the U.S. Army Armor Center (SIC-9711), Fort Knox, Ken-
tucky, as part of a study of asbestos (1332214) hazards encountered during the
maintenance and repair of vehicular brakes.

Exposure to asbestos may occur during cleaning, maintenance, and repair of
brakes. Vehicular brakes are serviced at this facility utilizing a H.B. Fuller Multi-
Clean wet and dry power vacuum cleaner supplemented by wet bristle brushing.
Once the wheel has been removed, the hub is vacuumed prior to any attempt to
remove it. If force is needed, the back of the hub is vacuumed several times during
the removal process. Once the hub is removed, it is placed gently on the floor and
the hub and surrounding areas vacuumed. The brake shoe area is vacuumed in
conjunction with wet bristle brushing and water rinsing. Once the brake area is
free of all accumulated dust, the brakes are serviced.

Not specified
Not discussed

Approximately 800 vehicles were maintained at this center each year with about
100 brake jobs being needed during that course of time.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: Workers were encouraged to use good work practices including the complete

water rinsing and wet bristle brushing of all exposed parts prior to handling, gently
removing and handling all parts, consistently using all required personal protective
equipment, and following instructions for use of asbestos control devices.This U.S.
Army Armor Center uses a H.B. Fuller Multi-Clean wet and dry power vacuum
cleaner supplemented by wet bristle brushing and water rinsing in an attempt
to control asbestos fibers generated during the servicing of vehicular brakes.
The vacuum cleaner is not equipped with a HEPA filter which is necessary to
entrap the asbestos dust inside the collector and prevent re-entry into the working
environment. The wet bristle brushing and water rinsing may control asbestos
dust not already disseminated into the workingenvironment by the vacuuming
action.

PPE: NIOSH/MSHA-approved asbestos dust masks are provided and their use required

during brake servicing (see Attachment A).

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

in scope use - vehicular brakes

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

survey is from 1985

Metric 5:

Sample Size

N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Continued on next page

Godbey, F. W.. 1988. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at U.S. Army Armor Center, Fort Knox,
Kentucky, Report No. CT-152-15A.

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

3099099

134 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Godbey, F. W.. 1988. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at U.S. Army Armor Center, Fort Knox,

Kentucky, Report No. CT-152-15A.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3099099

EVALUATION







Domain Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A

N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A

N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

135 of 247

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Source Citation: Godbey, F. W.,Cooper, T. C.,Sheehy, J. W.,O'Brien, D. M.,Van Wagenen, H. D.,McGlothlin, J. D.,Todd, W. F.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report:

Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at United States Postal Service, Vehicle Maintenance Facility, Nashville, Tennessee, Report No.
CT-152-20B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3099476

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake drums for jeep delivery vehicles, thirteen seven ton internation trucks, three

mack and two white tractors, seven trailers

Solid

Inhalation

Personal and Area - see Tables 1 and 2Nineteen of the 20 personal samples
taken during 10 brake jobs were below the deteetlOn llrnlt of 0 004 fibers/cc
Beeause personal sample concentrations represented exposures while servicing
brakes, and this usually takes no more than 2 to 5 hours per shift, the meehanlcs
tllDe-weighted averages exposure would be even lower than the measured levels.
Only 1 of the 76 samples analyzed by PCH was above the detectable limit, thus,
analyses eomparing brake mechanLcs, type of vehicle, and differences between
brake inspection and brake replacements were not done

60+ samplesReal-tlme data collection was during actual brake maintenance oper-
ations, approximately an hour In duration, and was obtained durln all 10 brake
maintenance jobs Nine different operators performed the brake maintenance jobs
on these 10 vehicles
One site - postal site

Personal air samples for asbestos were collected in duplicate on 0 8-um pore size,
25 mm-dlameter cellulose ester membrane filters at 3 0 1pm for the duration of
a single brake job, or 2 hours, whichever was longer The total volume collected
(360 llterS) allowed a limit of detection of approximately o 004 fibers/cc by Phase
Contrast Microscopy (PCM) analysis

Continued on next page

136 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Godbey, F. W.,Cooper, T. C.,Sheehy, J. W.,O'Brien, D. M.,Van Wagenen, H. D.,McGlothlin, J. D.,Todd, W. F.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report:

Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at United States Postal Service, Vehicle Maintenance Facility, Nashville, Tennessee, Report No.
CT-152-20B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3099476

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Wheels are elevated, removed, and the brakes inspected. Loose dust is cleaned
from the drums and brake assemblies by vauuming, wet or dry wiping/brushing,
using compressed air, or a combination of these methods. Parts are tehn replaced
or repaired as needed and the brake system is reassembled and adjusted.This fa-
cility 1S currently replacing asbestos brake shoes with the nonasbestos type when
vehicle brakes are repaired OUr control evaluation at this fac llty concent ated
on Jeep vehicle maintenance to determine the variability of control effectiveness
In the same model vehicle dU lng 10 separate vehicle brake repair or inspecllOns
The garage is staffed with nine mechanics, one lead mechanic, four garagemen,
one body man and two supervisors,
personal and area
Vehicle maintenance garage

SIX mechanics work from 6'00 a m to 2'30 p m. and four mechanics work fram
9'30 a,m to 6'00 pm. with all 10 mechanics on duty from 9 30 am to 2'30 p m
Unsure, assumed daily

A bulk brake dust samples for each vehicle and a bulk rafter sample for the site
were collected and analyzed for asbestos by TEM

Ventilation of the garage is mlnxmal There is a series of roof mounted fans on
each side of the garage These are operated 10 summer to remove hot air from
under the roof area In the cooler months, these fans are not used and the nlet
dampers are kept closed There 19 no provision for providing fresh, heated air
from the outside When the 14 bay doors can be left open during mild weather,
they provide a lot of useful ventilation DuCLOS colder weather, the garage air
temperature 19 kept at 60 65 F at the mechanlC9working level
Not specified.

PCM /TEM

EVALUATION

Continued on next page

137 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Godbey, F. W.,Cooper, T. C.,Sheehy, J. W.,O'Brien, D. M.,Van Wagenen, H. D.,McGlothlin, J. D.,Todd, W. F.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report:

Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at United States Postal Service, Vehicle Maintenance Facility, Nashville, Tennessee, Report No.
CT-152-20B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099476

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

2
6
1

United States
in scope use
1987

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.4



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

138 of 247

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Source Citation: Sheehy, J. W.,Todd, W. F.,Cooper, T. C.,Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at

Cincinnati Bell Maintenance Facility, Fairfax, Ohio, Report No. CT-152-21B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3099480

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake repair for vans, automobiles, and a scooter - see Table 1

Solid

Inhalation

Individual filter sample results for airborne asbestos fibers are presented in Table

1 of Appendix A and are summarized in Tables 2 and 3 The results for samples
analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) are presented in Table 2The use
of the vacuum (with a HEPA filter) for vehicles such as vans and automobiles,
resulted in very low exposures to fibers (PCM) and very low asbestos exposures
(TEM) based on personal samples, Indicating effective control of the asbestos
dust. Personal exposures (PCM) were low compared to the OSHA standard of
0.2 fibers/cc, the NIOSH recommended standard of 0.1 fibers/cc.

60+ see table 2 and 3 for breakdown of # of samples per sampling type and per
activity

Fairfax maintenance garage - one site
Short-term: 2-3 hour samples

brake maintenance and repair - see breakdown of exposure results by activity

2 mechanics

personal, area, real time monitoring, bulk sampling
Maintenance garage
2-3 hour samples

This Fairfax sattelite garage has two mechanics on its staff and they are assigned
to the second shift only. During the latter part of the 2nd shift, they were the only
Bell employees actually present and working in the garage. The mechanics and
other garage employees are members of the Communication Workers of America
Bulk samples were collected from the rear wheel drums of six of the seven
vehicles tested. In addition, a rafter sample from the garage was collected and
analyzed.Less than one percent of the material in the brake drum bulk samples
was asbestos, but from 24 to 100 percent of the f bers in the brake drum bulk
samples were chrysotile, and in fivve of the SIX samples at least 96 percent of
the fibers were chrysotl le.

Continued on next page

139 of 247

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Source Citation: Sheehy, J. W.,Todd, W. F.,Cooper, T. C.,Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at

Cincinnati Bell Maintenance Facility, Fairfax, Ohio, Report No. CT-152-21B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3099480

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Several work practices employed by the brake mechanics were (I) to always use
the Nilfisk vacuum, (2) If dust is created, try to avoid breathing It by moving
away until It clears, and (3) clean up as soon as the job is completeGenerally, the
mechanics vacuumed each indiv 1 dual part removed from the b ake assemblyKurz
Model No 480 and TSI Model No 1630 air velocity meters were used to measure
air velocities to determine air flow rates In the garage
See "Company Asbestos Exposure Guidelines" paragraph on pg. 7
PCM /TEM

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
6
1

United States
in scope use
1987

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

Continued on next page

140 of 247

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Source Citation:	Sheehy, J. W.,Todd, W. F.,Cooper, T. C.,Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at

Cincinnati Bell Maintenance Facility, Fairfax, Ohio, Report No. CT-152-21B.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099480

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

141 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Kauppinen, T.,Korhonen, K.. 1987. Exposure to Asbestos During Brake Maintenance of Automotive Vehicles by Different Methods.

American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3100008

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake repair for automobiles - passenger cars, trucks and buses

Solid

Inhalation

The estimated average asbestos exposure during the workday (8-hr time-weighted
average) was 0.1-0.2 fibers/cm3 during brake repair of trucks or buses, and
under 0.05 f/cm3 during repair of passenger car brakes when the background
concentration was not included in the calculations. The background concentration
was estimated to be less than 0.1 f/cm3 " During brake maintenance of buses
and trucks, heavy exposure, 0.3-125 (mean 56) f/cm3 , was observed during
machine grinding of new brake linings if localexhaust was not in use. Other
short-term operations during which the concentration exceeded 1 f/cm3 were the
cleaning of brakes with a brush, wet cloth or compressed air jet. During brake
servicing of passenger cars, the concentration of asbestos exceeded 1 f/cm3 only
during compressed air blowing without local exhaust. The different methods
of decreasing the exposure and the risk of asbestos-related diseases among car
mechanics are discussed.

100+ - see Table I for number of samples per operation

24 Finnish workplaces - The authors carried out measurements in 7 out of 24

workplaces under study

Short-term and 8-hr TWA

brake repair of trucks, buses, passenger cars

Not specified

personal and area

breathing zones, unclear where respirable dust measurements were made (stated
measurements were taken "in working area")

Eight-hour time-weighted average (TW A) concentrations of asbestos were esti-
mated for different work procedures.

Mechanic will maintain the brakes of an average of 12 trucks or buses in a year
Not discussed
not discussed

Continued on next page

142 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Kauppinen, T.,Korhonen, K.. 1987. Exposure to Asbestos During Brake Maintenance of Automotive Vehicles by Different Methods.

American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3100008

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

PPE:	Not discussed

Analytic Method:	Asbestos fibers (length over 5 um, diameter under 3 um and the aspect ratio

over 3: I) were counted by a phase contrast-optical microscope according to the
standardized method (Finnish Standard SFS 3868).

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

PCM according to standardized Finnish method

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Medium

X 1

2

OECD, Finland

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

in scope use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

6

1987

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity









Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty









Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''	High	1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

143 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Anonymous,. 1975. Information Indicating a Potential Health Hazard for Persons Exposed to Asbestos during the Servicing of Motor Vehicle

Brake and Clutch Assemblies.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3100991

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Aftermarket auto parts

brake servicing for automobiles

Solid

Inhalation

This is a NIOSH communication alert - no monitoring data included. Contains
alerts on best practices for minimizing asbestos dust during servicing of motor
vehicle brake and clutch assemblies - evaluate if needed, but likely irrelevant to
report considering other sources

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1 1 niosh

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

in scope use - vehicular brakes

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

6

1975

Metric 5:

Sample Size

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A

N/A Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A

N/A Not applicable; no data provided

Overall Quality Determination^	Medium	1.7

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

144 Of 247

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Source Citation: Paustenbach, D. J.,Richter, R. 0.,Finley, B. L.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2003. An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in

brake dust. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531297

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake servicing for automobiles

Solid

Inhalation

Estimated and measured 8-hour TWAs for mechanics servicing automobiles and
light trucks ranged from<0.002 to 0.68 f/cc, with a mean of 0.04 f/cc. In contrast,
the 8-hour TWAs for mechanics servicing heavy trucks and buses ranged from
0.002 to 1.75 f/cc, with a mean of 0.2 f/cc, suggesting that these mechanics
experienced higher daily asbestos exposures than automobile and light truck
mechanics. Brake job and 8-hour TWAs for brake mechanicsworldwide were
found to be similar during the same time periods, and they were consistently
belowcontemporaneous occupational health standards in the United States. The
increased use of brake-dust control measures in some garages resulted in at least a
10-fold decrease in the TWA airborne concentrations of asbestos from the 1970s
to the late 1980s.

Nearly 200 brake job and 8-hour TWA airborne asbestos samples were analyzed to
assess how asbestos concentrations varied by type of vehicle serviced, country in
which mechanics worked, time period, and brake-cleaning method. To facilitate
comparisons, brake job TWAs were converted to estimated 8-hour TWAs using
the durations and number of brake jobs performed per mechanic each day.
Unsure, study combines large number of other studies

This analysis focuses on 30 years of data collected during the brake repair event
(e.g., a brake job) and 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) personal samples.
A brake job TWA represents the average concentration a mechanic experienced
during brake servicing, rather than throughout theworkday, and an 8-hour TWA
represents the average airborne concentration of asbestos for the entire workday
(which would involve brake work and other activities).

This article presents a historical analysis of published data regarding the exposure
of brake mechanics to asbestos as a result of doing brake work.

Unsure, study combines large number of other studies - see study
Personal, area

Continued on next page

145 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Paustenbach, D. J.,Richter, R. 0.,Finley, B. L.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2003. An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in

brake dust. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531297

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Various, study combines large number of other studies - see study
Various, study combines large number of other studies - see study
Unsure

Various, study combines large number of other studies - see study
Various, study combines large number of other studies - see study
Not mentioned
Various

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Most studies used NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
6
1

United States
In-scope use

study published in 2003, but data collected is from 1970s to late 1980s
Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

Variability and uncertainty not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium

1.7

Continued on next page

146 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Paustenbach, D. J.,Richter, R. 0.,Finley, B. L.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2003. An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in

brake dust. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531297

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

147 Of 247

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Source Citation: Salazar, N.,Cely-GarcAa, M. F.,Breysse, p. N.,Ramos-Bonilla, J. P.. 2015. Asbestos exposure among transmission mechanics in automotive

repair shops. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531407

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Aftermarket auto parts
automotive transmission repair
Solid
Inhalation

On at least one of the days sampled, all riveters were exposed to asbestos concen-
trations that exceeded the US OSHA permissible exposure limit or the Colombian
permissible limit value.Additionally, from the forty-seven 30-min short-term per-
sonal samples collected, two (4.3 percent ) exceeded the US OSHA excursion
limit of 1 f cm?3
150

8-hr TWA

Manipulating clutch facings (removing rivets and attaching facings to new clutch
plate)

3 riveters and 1 supervisor
Personal, area

Unsure where area samples were taken

263-553

Unsure

The asbestos content bulk analysis showed that the two brands reported by the
workers as asbestos-containing products had a 20 percent content of chrysotile.
There was no variation in asbestos content between the four clutch facings an-
alyzed per brand. The four clutch facings of the brand reported by workers
as asbestos free, had a 25 percent content of fibrous glass and asbestos were
"non-detected".

One shop had a self-made extractor hood located above the countersink and rivet
machines, which was rarely operated. There are two skylights in the roof, one
located above the manipulation area, which remained open during the sampling
days. Two exit doors remained open during the entire work-shift. The other shop
had no ventilation.

Both shops used inappropriate respiratory equipment

Continued on next page

148 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Salazar, N.,Cely-GarcAa, M. F.,Breysse, p. N.,Ramos-Bonilla, J. P.. 2015. Asbestos exposure among transmission mechanics in automotive

repair shops. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531407

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Analytic Method:

PCM and TEM

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Low

X 1

Non-OECD (Colombia)

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

In-scope use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

2014

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Medium

X 1

Only PCME results displayed, without showing the PCM and TEM results

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Discussion of variability, uncertainty not accounted for in presented results

Overall Quality Determination'''

High

1.4

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

149 Of 247

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Source Citation: Weir, F. W.,Tolar, G.,Meraz, L. B.. 2001. Characterization of vehicular brake service personnel exposure to airborne asbestos and particulate.

Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531556

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake servicing for automobiles

Solid

Inhalation

Area and personal monitoring of fiber levels demonstrated counts (without com-
pressed air) that ranged from 0.05 to 0.2 f/cc. Fiber counts when using compressed
air averaged from 0.05 to 0.9 f/cc. "Brake service monitoring in these tests demon-
strates that asbestos fiber concentrations, considered on a time weighted average
basis, should not exceed currently acceptable workplace standards whether or not
the worker uses compressed air, nor during the arc grinding process when arcing
is conducted in accord with the design of the equipment."

Phase I - 36 samplesPhase II - four runs, continuous sampling? Ask for second
opinion

two - one for Phase I, one for Phase II
area and personal monitoring of fiber levels

Evaluation of fibers and total particulate generated during the servicing of drum
brakes on motor vehicles as well as during the resurfacing (arcing) of brake shoes
was conducted. Conditions for the studies were based on review of contemporary
(" 19501980) working practices in the industry.This work was conducted in two
parts. Phase 1 estimatedthe release of asbestos fibers and total particulate during
brake inspection and replacement of light-duty vehicle rear drum brakes at an
auto/truck repair facility. Two distinctwork practices were evaluated: One rear
wheel from each vehicle was serviced using compressed air to remove dust while
the second rear wheel was serviced without compressed air.The Phase 2 series
evaluated the release of fibers and other particulate from arc grinding. For
operations conducted under conditions simulating a workplace, a mean of 0.19
f/cc +/- 0.16 was determined.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Weir, F. W.,Tolar, G.,Meraz, L. B.. 2001. Characterization of vehicular brake service personnel exposure to airborne asbestos and particulate.

Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531556

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

An experienced, factory-trained person operated the arcing machine for all tests in
this series. This person had been the owner-operator of an after-market automotive
parts supply facility located in a suburb of a major U.S. city during the interval
when arc grinding was prevalent. His facility incorporated a full service drum
turning/brake-shoe arcing shop on the premises
PBZ and area

Phase I - The site for this study was a public service organization auto/truck
repair facility.Phase II - The first test sequence of Phase 2 (identified as Run 1)
was conducted in a suburban garage setting

See study for exact length of each procedureFor purposes of the experiments
described in Phase 2, it was assumed that a worker would conduct twice as many
brake jobs in a day as would occur in a typical shop. If a worker did nothing but
turn drums and arc grind the brake shoes, he could complete work on 8 vehicles
within an 8-hour workday.(15
N/A - simulation study

For asbestos content verification, a bulk sample was collected from each of
the 6 pairs of shoes used in this study. Samples were submitted to a certified
independent laboratory. (20) The laboratory utilized a standard Polarized Light
Microscopy (PLM) method for analysis of these samples,(21) indicating that
chrysotile was the only asbestiform material present. Concentrations ranged
from 5065 percent chrysotile.
n/a - simulation

In addition to the four sequences of testing presented above, the operator's one-
piece suit was carefully removed and then evaluated for the presence of fibers
potentially generated during his arcing work.

See page 5 for more details, but generally PCM and TEM for fibers

EVALUATION

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Weir, F. W.,Tolar, G.,Meraz, L. B.. 2001. Characterization of vehicular brake service personnel exposure to airborne asbestos and particulate.

Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531556

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
Medium
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

2
4
1

United States
In-scope use
2001

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.2



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

152 Of 247

-------
Source Citation:	Williams, R. L.,Muhlbaier, J. L.. 1982. Asbestos brake emissions. Environmental Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3582125

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Worker Activity:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobiles brakes
Solid
Inhalation

not relevant - measures asbestos braking emissions, not exposure from worker
activities

17 for disc brakes and 12 for drum brakes
1

N/A - Not occupational exposure
N/A - simulation
N/A - simulation

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

x 1

1 Optical microscopy using OSHA methods

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:	Geographic Scope	High	x 1

Metric 3:	Applicability	Unacceptable x 2

Metric 4:	Temporal Representativeness	Low	x 2

Metric 5:	Sample Size	High	x 1

1	United States

8	Emissions during braking - not an occupational scenario within scope

6	1981

1	Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness	High

x 1

1 well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness	High

x 1

1 well described within document

Continued on next page

153 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Williams, R. L.,Muhlbaier, J. L.. 1982. Asbestos brake emissions. Environmental Research.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;
Hero ID	3582125

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Overall Quality Determination'''



Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.1.





** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

154 Of 247

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Source Citation: Hickish, D. E.,Knight, K. L.. 1970. Exposure to asbestos during brake maintenance. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3610801

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobiles brakes
Solid
Inhalation

the personal exposure of the operators was below the limit corresponding to
50-year exposure (from 1970). TWA average of personal samples was 0.79 f/
cm3.

Unsure

Short-term and TWA
Blowing out of brake dust

2 men studied for personal samples
personal, area

Area samples taken by side of car, in the dust cloud, the adjacent bay, 2 bays away,
and the center of the garage

Two 45-min sampling periods for personal samples, static samples were approxi-
mately 3-hrs in duration
Blowing out of brakes is not part of routine
Not specified in study
Not specified in study
Not specified in study

Air sampling using membrane filters. Technique described in the Hygiene Stan-
dard for Chrysotile Asbestos Dust, published by the British Occupational Hygiene
Society(1968).

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Continued on next page

155 of 247

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Source Citation: Hickish, D. E.,Knight, K. L.. 1970. Exposure to asbestos during brake maintenance. Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3610801

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

Out of date sampling and assessment techniques: "the sampling and subsequent
assessment being in accordance with the technique described in the Hygiene
Standard for Chrysotile Asbestos Dust, published by the British Occupational
Hygiene Society (1968)"

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
High

Low

Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2
6

OECD - Great Britain
In-scope use

monitoring data is from 1970, out of date with respect to current products/
practices

Only 6 personal samples during car brake service

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Does not have specific durations by sample

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

not discussed

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium

2.1

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

156 of 247

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Source Citation: Spencer, J. W.,Plisko, M. J.,Balzer, J. L.. 1999. Asbestos fiber release from the brake pads of overhead industrial cranes. Applied Occupational

and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3615974

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Other

Asbestos Fiber Release from the Brake Pads of Overhead Industrial Cranes, during

use in industrial setting

Solid

Inhalation

Eight hour time-weighted average (TWA) asbestos fiber concentrations ranged
from <0.005 to 0.011 f/cc (PCM), and <0.0026 to <0.0094 f/cc (TEM). There
were no asbestos fibers detected by the TEM method from air samples collected
during the operation of the cranes.

Forty-four personal and area air sampleswere collected during the assessment

One site

TWA

The purpose of this study was to determine the actualcontribution of optically

(phase contrast microscopy (PCM)) visible airborne asbestos " bers to the work

environment from the operation of overhead cranes and hoists which use as-

bestoscomposition brake pads.

N/A - simulation study

personal and area

Crane working area and on crane

An overhead crane assembly comprised of a trolley and two hoists was employed
for this study. The crane was operated for two consecutive eight-hour shifts
representative of a heavy-duty cycle.

N/A - simulation study

Bulk samples of the brake pad material were obtained and analyzed prior to
initiating the duty cycle evaluation. One bulk sample each was obtained from the
bridge, trolley, and the mainand auxiliary hoist brake padsAnalysis was performed
using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) with dispersion staining. The results of
laboratory analysis indicated that each brake shoe material contained 12 percent
chrysotile asbestos by weight.

N/A - simulation study
N/A - simulation study

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Spencer, J. W.,Plisko, M. J.,Balzer, J. L.. 1999. Asbestos fiber release from the brake pads of overhead industrial cranes. Applied Occupational

and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3615974

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Analytic Method:

Asbestos fibers were analyzed for by phase contrast (NIOSH 7400) , and trans-

mission electron (NIOSH 7402) microscopy methods.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Approved NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

Medium

x 2

Occupational exposure, not in-scope

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

1999

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

1.7

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

158 of 247

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Source Citation: Lorimer, W. V.,Rohl, A. N.,Miller, A.,Nicholson, W. J.,Selikoff, I. J.. 1976. ASBESTOS EXPOSURE OF BRAKE REPAIR WORKERS IN

UNITED-STATES. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3646036

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:
Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake repair

Solid

Inhalation

In addition, Boillat and Lob (8) reported values for various manipulations of the
brake-lining material including punching holes for rivets, and grinding. Sam-
pling interval is not given. Fiber counts ranged from 0.3 to 29.2 fibers/ml; four of
the nine values were over 5 fibers/ml (5,000,000/m 3).PRESENT STUDY: Fiber
concentrations for personal and background samples during blowing dust from
drum brakes on automobiles are presented in Table n. The values show extensive
variation, but the values at 3-5 feet are bY far the highest, with a mean of 15.9
fibers/ml. Fiber concentrations for personal and background samples during re-
newing used linings by grinding truck brakes are presented in Table in. The mean
concentration for the personal sampler was 3.8 fibers/ml. Fiber concentrations
for personal and background samples during beveling new linings for trucksare
given in Table IV. The mean concentrations were 37 .5 fibers/ml.

20+ - see table n, IE, IV, and V

In order to provide additional information on this subject, we have investigated
asbestos exposure among brake repair maintenance workers in New York City
and have initiated a clinical survey of workers employed in the workshops studied.
Personal air samples were taken during brake-lining maintenance work both on
automobiles and trucks. These were peak samples taken over 2-10 minutes during
which the workers were performing certain tasks, such as blowing dust from drum
brakes, renewing used linings by grinding, and beveling new linings. Background
samples were also taken at varying distances and times

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Lorimer, W. V.,Rohl, A. N.,Miller, A.,Nicholson, W. J.,Selikoff, I. J.. 1976. ASBESTOS EXPOSURE OF BRAKE REPAIR WORKERS IN

UNITED-STATES. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3646036

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

"During brake-lining servicing the wheel is removed and all loose dust is removed
from the drums and backplates. Compressed air jets are usually used (Fig. 1).
In a two-city survey in the USA, Castleman et al (5) found that 175 out of
220 establishments used this procedure. Alternates include vacuuming and wet
brushing. The brake lining itself may require grinding to remove irregularities or
removal and replacement. The new lining may require considerable manipulation
to fit the brake shoe-beveling edges and punching holes in the material, for
example. As an alternative, the brake shoe and lining may be replaced as a unit.
A number of studies have measured exposure in such work, and fiber counts
reported are summarized in Table I.

"At least 900,000 people in the United States are employed as auto mechanics or
garage workers"

Personal and background sampling of workers engaged in brake maintenancework
Various, multiple studies
60 - 450 minutes

Brake linings pose a potential hazard for asbestos exposure because they contain
33-73 percent asbestos.Environ release: " Jacko and Ducharme (2) have estimated
that 70 million pounds of asbestos (32 million Kg) are worn away from brake
linings each year in the United States. Much of the asbestos worn away (around 80
percent -90 percent) drops to the road or is emitted intothe atmosphere."Several
investigators (2-4). have analyzed bulk brake-drum dust for chrysotile and have
found weight percentages of between 0.3 percent (2) to "at most 1 percent" (3).
Lynch (4) reported percentages of 10 percent and 15 percent free fiber in two of
fifteen samples. Most of the rest were below 1 percent .""PRESENT STUDY:
Bulk samples of brake-drum dust were collected and analyzed by electron mi-
croscopy. One hundred fibers were sized in each sample. Qualitative morphologic
comparisons of the fibers with standard chrysotile morphology were made.
Not specified
Not specified

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Analytic Method: "The standard techniques for filter processing and fiber counting which have

been adopted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the US
Department of Labor were used (13). Samples of dust collected in the standard
manner were examined both by standard optical techniques (fibers/ml > 5?) and
by electron microscopy to give ?g/m3 of air, and the results compared."

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

Older methods used (OS HA)

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
6
2

United States

In-scope use

exposure data from 1976

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium

1.8

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

Lorimer, W. V.,Rohl, A. N.,Miller, A.,Nicholson, W. J.,Selikoff, I. J.. 1976. ASBESTOS EXPOSURE OF BRAKE REPAIR WORKERS IN
UNITED-STATES. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

3646036

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Source Citation:	Sheehy, J. W.,Godbey, F. W.,Cooper, T. C.,Lenihan, K. L.,Van Wagenen, H. D.,McGlothlin, J. D.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Control

Technology for Brake Drum Service Operations at Ohio Department of Transportation, Maintenance Facility, Lebanon, Ohio, CT-152-18b.
Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3648228

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automobile brake servicing
Solid
Inhalation

In this study, eight smaller vehicles and one large dump truck were evaluated.
The smaller vehicles, all with rear drum brakes, included two automobiles, one
passenger van, and five half-ton pickup trucks. The nine vehicles ranged in age
from 1977 to 1985 with total vehicle mileage ranging from 16,000 to 106,000per-
sonal samples - averaged less than 0.004 f/ccsource samples - averaged less than
0.002 f/ccsee more details in Results section on page 14

18 personal samples, 9 fender source samples, 9 axle, 10 background, 12 ambient
- see Table I and II for details
one site

personal and area samples; real-time air sampling every four seconds
brake drum servicing for 180 large trucks, 250 pickup trucks, 90 passenger cars, 25
vans, 25 loaders, and a number of other specialized road maintenance units"most
of the approximately 300 to 500 brake jobs performed yearly are handled by 5 to
6 mechanics"

11 veteran mechanics, 2 body men, and 3 welders
See page 12 for details
See page 12 for details

personal - single brake job, or 2 hours, whichever was longerarea - 8-hr period
Not stated, assumed daily

bulk brake dust samples for each sample - collected and analyzed for asbestos by
TEM

general ventilation system - see page 6also using a vacuum/enclosure unit to
minimize exposure during brake servicing - see bottom of page 6
Not specified
PCM/TEM

Continued on next page

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Sheehy, J. W.,Godbey, F. W.,Cooper, T. C.,Lenihan, K. L.,Van Wagenen, H. D.,McGlothlin, J. D.. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Control

Technology for Brake Drum Service Operations at Ohio Department of Transportation, Maintenance Facility, Lebanon, Ohio, CT-152-18b.
Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3648228

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

in scope use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

monitoring data is from 1987

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness Medium X 1 2 includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined

from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^ High 1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

163 of 247

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Source Citation:	Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at Pennsylvania Bureau of Vehicle

Management, Vehicle Maintenance Division, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Report No. CT-152-19a.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3648316

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:
Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:
Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:

Aftermarket auto parts

brake drum service controls (automobiles)

Solid

Inhalation

With readings taken every two seconds, the observed readings over the entire
testing period of approximately 15 minutes lay in a 0.08-0.12 mg/m3 range. There
were essentially no differences in the averaged readings over the different periods
(1) before brake cleaning, (2) during brake cleaning, and (3) after conclusion of
brake cleaning.If only nuisance dust were present, these 0.08-0.12 mg/m3 values
are way below the OSHA PEL (permissible exposure level) limit of 10 mg/m3 for
8-hour TWA (time-weighted average) airborne concentrations. However, there
is an Not specified amount of asbestos present and the OSHA PEL limit for
asbestos fibers, at the time of this survey, was 2 fibers per cubic centimeter (2
f/cc) of air. The present OSHA PEL limit is 0.2 f/cc of air. Results from prior
NIOSH investigations demonstrate that the brake dust taken from Clayton bag
and prefilter surfaces should contain a low proportion of asbestos fibers (possibly
5-10 percent),
real-time monitoring

One site - This garage facility occupies an entire floor of a very large two-story
Pennsylvania state building located adjacent to the main business district of the
state's capital, Harrisburg
Short-term

A crew of seven veteran mechanics are full time employees of the garage. Both
overhead hoists and floor based hydraulic lifts are employed in a series of bays
to raise the vehicles off the floor . The number of brake jobs varies considerably
with time, but generally is in a range of 5 to 10 weekly . Housekeeping in the
garage is good and there was no dust in the air on visual inspection,
seven

real time air monitoring
adjacent to the Clayton unit
15 minute test cycle

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at Pennsylvania Bureau of Vehicle

Management, Vehicle Maintenance Division, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Report No. CT-152-19a.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3648316

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:
Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Not specified in study

This Pennsylvania state garage uses the BCE-IOOO Clayton unit, comprising a
transparent enclosure hood and an HEPA vacuum filter dust collector, for servicing
of all vehicular brakes during their cleaning, maintenance, repair, and particularly
replacement.

briefly mentions PPE, but does not seem to include PPE used at facility
Real time air monitoring

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

2
6

3

United States
in scope use
1987 study

Sample size and distribution not clearly characterized

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Samples presented in mg/m3

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



2.0



Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Van Wagenen, H. D.. 1987. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at Pennsylvania Bureau of Vehicle

Management, Vehicle Maintenance Division, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Report No. CT-152-19a.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Completed Exposure or Risk Assessments;

Hero ID	3648316

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

166 of 247

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Source Citation: Donovan, E. P.,Donovan, B. L.,Sahmel, J.,Scott, P. K.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2011. Evaluation of bystander exposures to asbestos in occupational

settings: a review of the literature and application of a simple eddy diffusion model. Critical Reviews in Toxicology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2581697

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:
Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:

Other

brake repair and other categories

Solid

Inhalation

Based on the available data and our modeling results, the authors propose the
following approach as a rule of thumb: for persons 15 feet from the source,
airborne asbestos concentrations can be roughly approximated at 50 percent of
the source concentration; 35 percent at >510 feet, 10 percent for >1030 feet, and
less than 1 percent at distances greater than 30 feet. This approach should be
helpful for bracketing the range of likely exposures to bystanders being evaluated
in asbestos-related dose-reconstruction analyses.

See Table 1, 2 and 3 - copy to sample tracking spreadsheet
See Table 1, 2 and 3 - copy to sample tracking spreadsheet
This article presents a review of the publicly available information as it relates
to airborne asbestos concentrations at varying distances from a source in an oc-
cupational environment. Personal and area samples collected 575 feet from the
primary worker from workplace surveys conducted in the 1970s and area sam-
ples collected 550 feet from the primary worker during more recent simulation
studies were identified, compiled, and analyzed. As expected, airborne asbestos
concentrations generally decreased with distance from the worker who performed
a given task. Based on this review, however, the authors found that no system-
atic research to quantitatively relate fiber concentration with distance from the
source (including consideration of fiber length, dilution ventilation, and initial
momentum of the particle) has been conducted to date. A simple mathematical
model was therefore used, and the results were considered, along with available
published data comparing exposure data for both workers and persons/areas near
workers. From this analysis, the authors offer guidance for estimating airborne
asbestos concentrations at distance from a source.

Multiple - see Table summaries
Multiple - see Table summaries
Multiple - see Table summaries

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Source Citation: Donovan, E. P.,Donovan, B. L.,Sahmel, J.,Scott, P. K.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2011. Evaluation of bystander exposures to asbestos in occupational

settings: a review of the literature and application of a simple eddy diffusion model. Critical Reviews in Toxicology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2581697

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Multiple - see Table summaries
Multiple - see Table summaries
Multiple - see Table summaries
Not specified in study
Not specified
Not specified

Multiple - see Table summaries

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

X 1

PCM and TEM used for air samples

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High
Medium
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
4
2

United States
In-scope use

multiple time periods, up to 2006
Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Donovan, E. P.,Donovan, B. L.,Sahmel, J.,Scott, P. K.,Paustenbach, D. J.. 2011. Evaluation of bystander exposures to asbestos in occupational

settings: a review of the literature and application of a simple eddy diffusion model. Critical Reviews in Toxicology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2581697

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

169 of 247

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Source Citation: Strokova, B.,Evstatieva, S.,Dimitrova, S.,Mavrodieva, E.,Lukanova, R.. 1998. Study of asbestos exposure in some applications of asbestos

materials in the chemical industry. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3081101

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Asbestos Diaphragms

production of asbestos gaskets and filter materials for technological equipment in

the chemical industry.

Solid

Inhalation

The level of asbestos exposure registered was in the range 0,04 to 0,38 f/cm3
for the operators in the "Diaphragm electrolysis" shop and for the staff in the
"Mechanical" shop of "Nephtochim" Co. - from 0.04 to 0.43 f/cm3.
Not specified
two

The sampling was performed observingall requirements of BSS 2200-85 [2],
BSS 16909-89 131, BSS 172402-78 [ 4 I and EN 689/1 995 [5 ]. Personal and
stationary dust sampling devices of "Higitcst" and "Guilian" types were used.
The workers from the "Cathode workshop", "Diaphragm electrolysis", "Polymers"
Co., Devnja ( 12 operators) who operate the installation of asbestos diaphragms
manufacture and installation of electrolysis cells, and the staff of the "Mechanical"
shop of "Nephtochim" Co., Burgas, engaged in the cutting of gaskets made of
pressed asbestos - polymer boards (6 workers), were studied.

18 workers total
personal breathing zone
two sites

Duration seems unclear from article - revisit

1 to 2 working shifts, but working shift length not defined

not discussed (sheet gasket cutting summarized in ATSDR tox profile, HERO ID

3098571)

The statements made increase the necessity of dust control by technical preventive
means and the medical control of the workers exposed to asbestos-related injuries.
The workers were provided with suitable personal protection equipment for res-
piratory organs.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Analytic Method:	The hygienic normative standardsand methodology for measuring and assessment

of the asbestos exposure, used all over the world were applied: mean shift count
concentration of respirable asbestos fibres; entire shift personal sampling (BSS
2200-85), PCOM light microscopy (BSS 16909-89).

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

X 1

2

BSS 2200-85 [2], BSS 16909-89 131, BSS 172402-78 [ 41 and EN 689/1 995

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Low
High
Medium
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

3
2

4
2

Non-OECD - Bulgaria

In scope use

1998

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Limited discussion of metadata

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.9



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

Strokova, B.,Evstatreva, S.,Drmrtrova, S.,Mavrodreva, E.,Lukanova, R.. 1998. Study of asbestos exposure m some applrcatrons of asbestos
materials in the chemical industry. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

3081101

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Source Citation: Mlynarek, S. P., Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Assessment of potential asbestos exposures from jet engine overhaul work. Regulatory Toxicology

and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2565742

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Other

Engine gaskets - jet engine overhaul

Solid

Inhalation

This study has demonstrated that the disturbance of asbestos-containing gaskets,
o-rings, and other types of asbestos-containing components, while performing
overhaul work to a jet engine produces very few airborne fibers, and that virtually
none of these aerosolized fibers is asbestos. The overhaul work was observed to
be dirty and oily. The exposures to the mechanics and bystanders were several
orders of magnitude below OSHA exposure regulations, both current and historic.
The data presented underscore the lack of risk to the health of persons conducting
this work and to other persons in proximity to it from airborne asbestos.See results
section for details /summary

A total of 425 bulk samples, 197 area air samples, 189 personal air samples, and
72 blank samples were collected. Personal air samples were collected in duplicate
and 78 of these duplicate personal air samples collected were archived and not
analyzed. All anticipated personal samples were collected from the mechanics
performing the work and the bystander. Regarding phase contrast microscopy
(PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, only 2 of the 458
(0.4 percent) personal and area air samples were not able to be analyzed, and
both of these voided samples were area air samples. In both cases the filter was
damaged and/or obstructed.

This study was conducted at JB Power LTD, an established jet engine service
facility located in Miami, Florida.

Separate personal air samples were collected during the rebuild of the gear box and
other components from the mechanics that performed the work. Area air samples
were collected in proximity to this work in conjunction with the overhaul, as
were samples from the two outdoor locations.Air sampling equipment adhered
to the requirements of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) Method 7400 (NIOSH, 1994a) and the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA) (USEPA, 1987).

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Source Citation: Mlynarek, S. P., Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Assessment of potential asbestos exposures from jet engine overhaul work. Regulatory Toxicology

and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2565742

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:
Exposure Frequency:

Jet engines contained various components (gaskets, clamps, o-rings and insula-
tion) that contained asbestos that potentially could release airborne fibers during
routine maintenance or during an engine overhaul. To evaluate the potential ex-
posures to aircraft mechanics, a Pratt & Whitney JT3D jet engine was obtained
and overhauled by experienced mechanics using tools and work practices similar
to those used since the time this engine was manufactured.

Exact number Not specified
bulk, area, personal air

Air sampling was conducted to determine the airborne fiber concentrations in
during the overhaul. Area sampling was conducted at four locations centered
on the engine overhaul. The area samples were initiated at approximately the
same time as work began, and were terminated at the end of the work day.
Sampling was also conducted outside the buildings to allow comparison between
outdoor and indoor fiber levels.Personal air sampling was conducted to provide
information regarding the airborne asbestos fiber exposure of persons performing
the engine overhaul or service work. The personal air samples used to assess
potential asbestos fiber exposure were collected in duplicate, i.e., using side-by-
side personal sampling pumps and collection media. One set of these personal
samples was submitted for analyses, and the other set was archived.

Task-based sample times, see Table I
Not discussed

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Mlynarek, S. P., Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Assessment of potential asbestos exposures from jet engine overhaul work. Regulatory Toxicology

and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2565742

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution: During the overhaul work, representative bulk samples of all types of parts re-

moved and parts installed that could have contained asbestos were collected.A
total of 425 bulk samples were collected, 420 were collected from the overhaul
work and 5 from the facility or its contents. Of the 420 analyses of samples
associated with the overhaul work, 403 of these were of Pratt & Whitney engine
parts, and 17 of these were from parts designated as Quick Engine Change (QEC).
These QEC parts are not Pratt & Whitney products. Of the Pratt & Whitney parts,
37 (9 percent) were positive for the presence of asbestos. In all cases the type of
asbestos was chrysotile, and the percent asbestos present in these samples ranged
from 30 percent to 90 percent. Of the QEC parts, 5 (33 percent) were positive for
the presence of asbestos. In all cases the type of asbestos was chrysotile, and the
percent asbestos present in these samples ranged from 40 percent to 90 percent.
Of the 5 analyses of samples associated with the facility, none were positive for
the presence of asbestos.

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction: All work performed for the disassembly and reassembly of the engine was done

in an open area within this building. The only exception to this was the rebuilding
of the gearbox. There is a special room within the building where this work was
performed. This room adjoins the offices, and it is 140 long 100 wide 80 high. It,
like the offices, is air conditioned. While the office space and gear box room were
air conditioned, there was no mechanical ventilation system for the work area for
either heating or cooling. The building relies solely on natural convection... Due
to these operating conditions, no attempt was made to determine the air changes
per hour (ACH) in the building. Local ventilation problems may exist in some
areas, but there were no obstruction to airflow at the location of the work done
during this study.

PPE: Not discussed

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:

Type of Data Source
Hero ID

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Analytic Method: All bulk samples were analyzed in accordance with published protocols (Perkins

and Harvey, 1993).Air samples were analyzed in accordance with NIOSH 7400
(NIOSH, 1994a) and NIOSH 7402 (NIOSH, 1994b). When asbestos was ob-
served during the NIOSH 7402 analysis, that sample was also prepared and
analyzed in accordance with ISO 10312 (ISO, 1995).

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

NIOSH methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
High
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2

United States

Occupational exposure - not in-scope
2012

Samples presented as a range with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

Discuss variability between different worker activities

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.4

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

Mlynarek, S. P., Van Orden, D. R.. 2012. Assessment of potential asbestos exposures from jet engine overhaul work. Regulatory Toxicology
and Pharmacology.

Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

2565742

175 of 247

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Source Citation:	Park, D.,Choi, S.,Ryu, K.,Park, J.,Paik, N.. 2008. Trends in occupational asbestos exposure and asbestos consumption over recent decades in

Korea. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3079461

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Other
Multiple
Solid
Inhalation

Data from Korean occupational health-related journals. Auto repair shop ranges:
<0.02-8.0, 0.01-7.28 f/cc with mean of 0.27 f/cc, and 0.16-5.64 f/cc with geo-
metric mean of 0.35 f/cc

204 samples of auto repair shops taken from 3 studies

10 auto repair shops

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Personal

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

PCM

EVALUATION









Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1

NIOSH 7400

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Medium
High

x 1 2
x 2 2

OECD, Korea

Data from auto repair shops

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Park, D.,Choi, S.,Ryu, K.,Park, J.,Paik, N.. 2008. Trends in occupational asbestos exposure and asbestos consumption over recent decades in

Korea. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3079461

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Low
Low

X 2
X 1

6
3

1989-1991

Not specified sample distribution

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

No description of metadata

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Does not address variability/uncertainty

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



2.2





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

177 of 247

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Source Citation:	Boelter, F. W.,Spencer, J. W.,Simmons, C. E.. 2007. Heavy equipment maintenance exposure assessment: using a time-activity model to

estimate surrogate values for replacement of missing data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3079629

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
gaskets and packing
Solid
Inhalation

All three sets of statistics suggest that the mean and median exposures were less
than 25 percent of 0.1 f/cc 8-hr TWA sample or 1.0 f/cc 30-min samples, and that
there is at least 95 percent confidence that the true 95th percentile exposures are
less than 0.1 f/cc as an 8-hr TWA.

A total of 782 samples were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy, and 499
samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.

Mutliple per industry - see details within study

Full shift TWAs, personal 30-minexposures, and area full-shift TWA values
Removal with flat blade scraper, cleaning of flange with die grinder fitted with
abrasive pad, compressed air, and emery cloth
Not specified
Personal, area, bulk

PBZ and areas around vehicle service shop
Half shift
Not specified

Full shift TWAs, personal 30-minexposures, and area full-shift TWA values
Not specified
Not specified
PCM, PLM for bulk

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Boelter, F. W.,Spencer, J. W.,Simmons, C. E.. 2007. Heavy equipment maintenance exposure assessment: using a time-activity model to

estimate surrogate values for replacement of missing data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3079629

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
2
1

United States
in scope use
2011

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discusses variability between different worker activities and analytical meth-
ods

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.1





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

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Source Citation: del Piano, M.,Palagiano, C.,Rimatori, V.. 1989. Asbestos hazards in the city of Rome, Italy. Social Science and Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3615595

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:
Exposure Duration:
Exposure Frequency:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobile brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Most values found are below the limits suggested for chrysotile by the American
Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists and by the EEC which is 1 ff/
ml for 8 working hours. It needs emphasis that the highest values found refer
to short-term operationsand the weighted mean values over 8 working hours are
below the limits. It follows that it is possible to lower the chrysotile concentrations
in the work place air to insignificant levels, comparable to those of the exterior
environment, if only the indoor conditionsare suitable. It is essential that there is
appropriate motivation at the work place and also that the work pieces are kept
wet at the point of work. In this way concentrations of asbestos fibres in the air
drop considerably, probably to insignificant levels.Figure 2 and Table 1 show the
percentage frequency distribution of the chrysotile concentration values in If/ml
in various departments during operations in the depots,
unclear

14 workplaces throughout Rome

Samples were collected on 25 mm dia membrane filters at flow rate of 2 1/min or
higher (AIA and NIOSH methods) [13, 141, depending on both the duration of
the operations and the expected dust concentration.

The exposure to asbestos of workers of the ATAC company (the public concern of
urban passenger transport of Rome) is examined. This is particularly dangerous
for workers who repair equipment with asbestos components, such as brake
linings.

Not specified

Chrysotile asbestos was found in the breathing zone (W) of workers and in fixed
positions (AA) in the industrial areas and in fixed positions at a height of 1.5 m
in urban areas of Rome.

fixed positions at a height of 1.5 m in urban areas of Rome.

Not specified
Not specified

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: del Piano, M.,Palagiano, C.,Rimatori, V.. 1989. Asbestos hazards in the city of Rome, Italy. Social Science and Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3615595

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Those employed in workshops servicing the urban passenger transportation com-
pany of Rome may be exposed to asbestos contained both in covering materials and
in brake linings. The latter are fastened to the aluminium support with aluminium
rivets. The asbestos content of such elements is about 28 percent, in various
mixtures with other compounds. Asbestos used in brake linings is chrysotile, but
over 99 percent of it is turned into forsterite, a dehydrated amorphous material,
which is much less toxic and dangerous thanasbestos.
not discussed
not discussed

Asbestos fibres were counted by PCOM (Phase Contrast Optical Microscopy)
according to the AIA and NIOSH methods. The counting procedure generally
used a Walton-Becket (WB) eyepiece graticule (100 field of 0.00785 mm") but,
if necessary, the full viewing field was employed to ensure a minimum count of
fibres. By the WB method fibre counts can be increased by a factor of 1.37 f 0.64,
this effect being attributed to human error in full-field counting.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium x 1 2 oecd, Italy

High X 2 2 in scope use

Low X 2 6 1989

Medium X 1 2 Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	del Piano, M.,Palagiano, C.,Rimatori, V.. 1989. Asbestos hazards in the city of Rome, Italy. Social Science and Medicine.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3615595

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

sample durations not stated

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



2.0





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

182 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Johnson, P. L.. 1978. Industrial Hygiene Study of Tuffy Service Center.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3645784

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobile brakes
Solid
Inhalation

No monitoring data provided in NIOSH survey
1

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
N/A

X 1

x 2
x 2

1

2
6

N/A

United States

in scope use - vehicular brakes
NIOSH survey conducted in 1976
Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

183 of 247

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Source Citation:	Johnson, P. L.. 1976. Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey at Auto Brake Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3645882

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobile brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Personal breathing zone samples contained 0.16 to 1.82 fibers of asbestos greater
than 5 microns per cubic centimeter (f/cc), and general area air samples" contained
0.008 to 0.169 f/cc.

Seven general area, five personal air samples, and three bulk brake drum dust
samples were obtained during the visit
1

8-hr TWA

During the survey the brakes on four vehicles were serviced
3

Personal, bulk, and area
PBZ

Personal: 3-243 min Area: 61-282 min

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

PCM, electron microscopy

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative





Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High X 1 1 United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High X 2 2 In-scopeuse

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Johnson, P. L.. 1976. Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey at Auto Brake Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3645882

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Low
High

X 2
X 1

6
1

1976

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Most critical data included, but missing details like exposure frequency

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

The monitoring study does not address variability or uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

185 of 247

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Source Citation:	Gorman, R. W.. 1979. Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance, Report No. TA-79-2, Department of Transportation Vehicle Inspection

Stations, Washington, D.C.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3651762

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:
Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobile brakes
Solid
Inhalation

No detectable levels of asbestos, hydrogen sulfide, or sulfur dioxide were found
at either inspection station
6

1

8-hr TWA
Vehicle inspections

2	supervisors and 9 workers
Area

Each work lane, about 4.5 ft above floor
Not specified

The number of vehicles inspected can vary from 200 to 1000 per day for each
station

Not specified

A project to upgrade the ventilation system in both inspection stations was
completed- in the spring of 1977. The project included new, larger exhaust
fans mounted on the roof, new ceiling duct work, and new ducts down the outside
of the center pillars in the SW station.

Not specified
PCM

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Gorman, R. W.. 1979. Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance, Report No. TA-79-2, Department of Transportation Vehicle Inspection

Stations, Washington, D.C.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3651762

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6
1

United States
In-scope use
1979

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Most critical data included, but missing details like exposure frequency

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Includes discussion of variability but not uncertainty, which could be deter-
mined from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

187 of 247

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Source Citation:	Sheehy, J. W.. 1986. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at Ohio Department of Transportation,

Maintenance Facility, Lebanon, Ohio, Report No. CT-152-18a.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3659890

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Aftermarket auto parts
automobile brakes
Solid
Inhalation

No monitoring data, just a description of the facility and the engineering controls
that are employed

one

Clayton (CAI) brake cleaning unit, brake enclosure hood and HEPA-filtered dust

collector

Protective masks

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High x 1 1 niosh

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

in scope use - vehicular brakes

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Low

x 2

6

1986

Metric 5:

Sample Size

N/A



N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness	N/A	N/A Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness	N/A	N/A Not applicable; no data provided

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Sheehy, J. W.. 1986. Preliminary Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service Controls at Ohio Department of Transportation,

Maintenance Facility, Lebanon, Ohio, Report No. CT-152-18a.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3659890

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments

Overall Quality Determination^



Medium 1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

189 of 247

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Source Citation: Sussell, A.,Shults, R.. 1993. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 91-053-2320, Union Tank Car, Cleveland, Texas.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3970487

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:

Other

Valve gaskets

Solid

Inhalation

The gasket buffing process generated large amounts of dust, which necessitated
short-term sampling for asbestos to reduce the overloading of filters with partic-
ulate matter. Three to eight samples of 8 to 98 minutes duration were collected
for each worker sampled. A total of 32 air samples were submitted for asbestos
analysis by PCM, and if appropriate TEM. None of the samples contained de-
tectable levels of fibers (limit of detection 7 fibers/mm2). However, the sampling
results were inconclusive (and may include "false negatives"); high total dust lev-
els necessitated short-term sampling, and nine of the 32 samples were so heavily
overloaded with particulate matter that fibers could not be counted.
32 air samples
one site

Short-term samples taken

During the first site visit on February 20-21, 1991, personal breathing zone
(PBZ) and area air samples were collected during the first shift, primarily during
periods of highest work activity. During the sampling periods, work practices
were observed. Processes sampled were (analytes in parentheses): valve gasket
replacement and fiber insulation handling (asbestos, fibers)During the followup
visit, on January 30, 1992, PBZ and area air samples were collected during the
first and second shifts to measure full-shift and short-term (15-min) exposures to
selected contaminants. (ASBESTOS NOT INCLUDED IN 2ND ROUND)
three

PBZ and area air samples

Continued on next page

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Source Citation: Sussell, A.,Shults, R.. 1993. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 91-053-2320, Union Tank Car, Cleveland, Texas.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3970487

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

PBZ and area samples were collected with the specified sampling media con-
nected via plastic tubing to portable battery-operated personal sampling pumps.
The pumps were calibrated immediately before and after sampling with a mass
flowmeter which had been calibrated with a primary standard (bubble flowme-
ter). The means of the measured pre- and post-sampling flow rates were used
to calculate sample volumes. PBZ samples were collected in workers' breathing
zones by attaching the media on the workers' shirt collars; except that for workers
wearing welding facemasks the samples were collected in the facemasks. Area
air samples for asbestos were collected with electric-powered high-flow pumps
connected to a laboratory-calibrated critical orifices (flow rates of 8.25 and 8.9
liters per minute (L/min))

50 - 100 min

Not specified, assumed daily since facility will often deal with "large batches" of
train cars at a time

Bulk materials were sampled to determine potential worker exposures to haz-
ardous materials. Processes sampled were (analytes in parentheses): valve gas-
kets, fibrous glass (asbestos)Bulk samples were collected on the first site visit of
valve gaskets and gasket dust in the buffing area; and of fiberglass insulation to
determine potential sources of asbestos exposure. After ensuring homogeneity
of the samples, representative portions of each sample were immersed in Cargille
liquids and analyzed for percent asbestos by polarized light microscope (PLM)
at a magnification of lOOX.Five valve gasket bulk samples were collected from
different sizes of gaskets and submitted for asbestos analysis by PLM. All were
found to be 90 percent chrysotile asbestos, indicating a potential health hazard
due to airborne asbestos exposure during gasket buffing and valve cleaning. Two
samples of dust collected on the desk top in the buffing area were 1 percent
chrysotile asbestos; the remainder of the samples was primarily rubber and metal
fragments.

Not specified

On the day of the survey the valve repairman wore a supplied air respirator during
the periods ofgasket buffing.

Continued on next page

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Source Citation:	Sussell, A.,Shults, R.. 1993. Health hazard evaluation report no. HETA 91-053-2320, Union Tank Car, Cleveland, Texas.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3970487

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Analytic Method:



A total of 32 air samples were submitted for asbestos analysis by PCM, and if
appropriate TEM.

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

NIOSH HHE

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
Low
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

4
6

2

United States
Occupational exposure
1991

Statistical distribution of results not described.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Variability and uncertainty not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



2.0



* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

192 Of 247

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Source Citation: Belanger, P. L.,Coye, M. J.. 1981. Health hazard evaluation report no. HHE 80-185-842, Department of Munipal Railway Woods Division,

San Francisco, California.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3970531

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

railroad tank car repair

Solid

Inhalation

No useful information in this study other than generic asbestos warnings

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

NIOSH HHE

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

4
6
3

United States

Occupational use - not in scope
1980

No sample data provided in article

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

No monitoring data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

The monitoring study does not address variability or uncertainty.

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

193 of 247

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Source Citation:

Echa,. 2014. Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) opinion on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions on chrysotile.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3970699

EXTRACTION



Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage:	Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):	Multiple uses

Exposure Concentration (Unit):	No monitoring data, document just states dangers associated with asbestos and

reasons why its use should be restricted

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

x 1

2

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
Medium
High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4

2

3

OECD - Finland

Related to occupational exposure
2014

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

194 Of 247

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Source Citation: Wages, R. obert,Markowitz, S. teven,Kieding, S. ylvia,Griffon, M. ark,Ellenbecker, M. ichael. 1998. Former worker medical surveillance

program at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Phase I: Needs assessment.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3974967

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Aftermarket auto parts

brake work on buses and other site vehicles

Solid

Inhalation

"Asbestos insulation was used extensively in the 1950's when many facilities at
the INEEL were initially constructed. Asbestos-containing materials are found in
roofmg, pipe and vessel insulation, building insulation, gaskets, packing, siding
and other building materials. Asbestos exposure may also have occurred in rela-
tion to work with asbestos blankets and asbestos gloves. In addition, mechanics
working at the CFA Big Shop were exposed to asbestos during brake work on
buses and other site vehicles." - No monitoring data, risk mapping assessment

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Work performed under DOE contract expected to meet reliable methods

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium
Medium
N/A

X 1

x 2
x 2

4
4
N/A

United States

Uses include occupational uses, but not uses within scope
1998

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

N/A

Not applicable; no data provided

Continued on next page

195 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Wages, R. obert,Markowitz, S. teven,Kieding, S. ylvia,Griffon, M. ark,Ellenbecker, M. ichael. 1998. Former worker medical surveillance

program at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Phase I: Needs assessment.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3974967

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating MWF* Score

Comments



Overall Quality Determination^



Medium 1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

196 of 247

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Source Citation:	Markowitz, S. teven,Scarbrough, C. arl,Kieding, S. ylvia,Griffon, M. ark. 2004. Y-12 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory medical surveillance

program, Phase I: Needs assessment.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3974971

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

building materials

Solid

Inhalation

"We report the results and analysis of a one year needs assessment study evaluating
whether a medical monitoring and risk communication program is justified for
former and current workers at the Y-12 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL)" - No monitoring data, risk mapping assessment

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

x 1

2

Queens College, City University of New York

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
4

3

United States

Related to occupational exposure
2004

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.3.



Continued on next page

197 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Markowitz, S. teven,Scarbrough, C. arl,Kieding, S. ylvia,Griffon, M. ark. 2004. Y-12 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory medical surveillance

program, Phase I: Needs assessment.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3974971

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

198 of 247

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Source Citation:	Cdc,. 2003. NIOSH Recommendations for limiting potential exposures of workers to asbestos associated with vermiculite form Libby,

Montana.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978124

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:	Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):	Mining, processing, and use

Physical Form:	Solid

Route of Exposure:	Inhalation

Exposure Concentration (Unit):	No monitoring data - Source provides information on vermiculite asbestos and

precautions to take to avoid inhalation

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

NIOSH

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope	High	x 1	1

Applicability	Medium	x 2	4

Temporal Representativeness	Medium	x 2	4

Sample Size	Low	x 1	3

United States

Related to occupational exposure
2003

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity







Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable x 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty







Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low x 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''	Unacceptable	4 Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

Continued on next page

199 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cdc,. 2003. NIOSH Recommendations for limiting potential exposures of workers to asbestos associated with vermiculite form Libby,

Montana.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978124

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

200 Of 247

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Source Citation:

Osha,. 1995. Asbestos standard for general industry.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3978184

EXTRACTION

Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): OSHA standards for multiple uses

Exposure Concentration (Unit): Asbestos standard for general industry. No relevant information for report

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

OSHA

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

4
6
3

United States

Related to occupational exposure
1995

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

201 Of 247

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Source Citation:

Osha,. 2008. Shipbreaking: Module 6: Workplace and chemical hazards: 6.1 Asbestos.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3978208

EXTRACTION



Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage:	Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):	Shipbreaking

Exposure Concentration (Unit):	No monitoring data - Source is a training powerpoint presentation that provides

information on asbestos and precautions to take to avoid inhalation

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

OSHA

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

4
4

3

United States

Related to occupational exposure

2008

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility /Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

202 Of 247

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Source Citation:

Carex, Canada. 2016. Substance profile: Asbestos.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3978366

EXTRACTION

Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): Substance profile: Asbestos

Exposure Concentration (Unit): Generic general info for asbestos - no monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Medium

x 1

CAREX Canada

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium

Low
High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
6

OECD - Canada

Not related to occupational exposure
2016

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

203 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Carex, Canada. 2008. Priority occupational carcinogens for surveillance in Canada: Preliminary Priority List.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3978369

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

General asbestos information

Solid

Inhalation

Provides information on chemicals workers are exposed to in various occupations
- no monitoring data

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	Medium	x 1 2 carex Canada

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Medium
Medium
Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
4

3

OECD - Canada

Related to occupational exposure

2008

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.4.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

204 Of 247

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Source Citation:

Ncdol,. 2013. A guide to asbestos for industry.

Type of Data Source

Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID

3982247

EXTRACTION

Parameter

Data

Life Cycle Stage: Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use): A guide to asbestos for industry

Exposure Concentration (Unit): Guide to working safely around asbestos - no monitoring information

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

N.C. Department of Labor

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

Medium

High

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

United States

Related to occupational exposure
2013

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility /Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable

Metric Mean Score: 2.0.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

205 of 247

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Source Citation:	Senior Labour Inspectors, Committee. 2006. A practical guide on best practices to prevent or minimise asbestos risks in work that involves

(or may involve) asbestos: for the employer, the workers, and the labour inspector.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3982341

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:	Other

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):	General information

Exposure Concentration (Unit):	Guide to minimize asbestos exposure in industry - no monitoring data

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

European Commission

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

Medium
Medium
Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
4

3

OECD - Belgium

Related to occupational exposure

2006

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.3.

** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

206 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Osha,. 2006. Asbestos-automotive brake and clutch repair work, Part 2.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3978218

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Personal sample results for the brake mechanics show that concentrations using
PCM analysis ranged from less than 0.004 to 0.016 f/cc. All exposures were
below the NIOSH recommended exposure limit of 0.1 f/cc using PCM.
83 personal samples, 68 area samples
12

Brake job TWA
Brake repair
Personal, area, bulk

Personal samples collected in worker PBZ, area samples collected at car's fender,
axle, 10+ feet away from vehicle (background), and outdoors (ambient)

2 hours or brake job length, whichever is longer
Workers typically only perform one brake job a day

Fibers in the wheel drum bulk samples represented less than 1 percent of the
brake dust, but were generally 60 to 100 percent chrysotile
HEPA filter-equipped enclosure device, HEPA vacuum, wet brush/recycle system,
aerosol spray
PCM, TEM

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative





Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High X 1 1 United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High X 2 2 In-scopeuse

Continued on next page

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Osha,. 2006. Asbestos-automotive brake and clutch repair work, Part 2.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3978218

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Low
Medium

X 2
X 1

6
2

1989

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics but
samples presented mostly in ranges with means and standard deviation

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discusses variability between different worker activities and use of engineering
controls

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

208 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Blake, C. L.,Van Orden, D. R.,Banasik, M.,Harbison, R. D.. 2003. Airborne asbestos concentration from brake changing does not exceed

permissible exposure limit. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080338

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

The results indicated a presence in the air of only chrysotile asbestos and an
absence of other types of asbestos. Airborne chrysotile fiber exposures for each
test remained below currentlyapplicable limit of 0.1 fiber/ml (eight-hour time-
weighted average).

4
1

Full shift TWA

Brake replacement induing filing, sanding, and arc grinding of brakes
1

Personal, area

PBZ, vehicle service area

30-103 minutes for personal samples 262-425 min for outdoor samples
All tests were performed with allseven building outside overhead doors closed
PCM and TEM

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

In-scope use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

4

2003

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

X 1

1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Continued on next page

209 of 247

-------
- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Blake, C. L.,Van Orden, D. R.,Banasik, M.,Harbison, R. D.. 2003. Airborne asbestos concentration from brake changing does not exceed

permissible exposure limit. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3080338

EVALUATION

Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discusses variability between different worker activities

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

210 Of 247

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Source Citation: Richter, R. 0.,Finley, B. L.,Paustenbach, D. J..Williams, R R. D.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2009. An evaluation of short-term exposures of brake

mechanics to asbestos during automotive and truck brake cleaning and machining activities. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2548725

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

An average 8-h TWA of approximately 0.10 f/cc was estimated for auto brake
mechanics that performed arc grinding of linings during automobile brake repair
(in thel960s or earlier). In the 1970s and early 1980s, a decline in machining
activities led to a decrease in the 8-h TWA to approximately 0.063 f/cc. Improved
cleaning methods in the late 1980s further reduced the 8-h TWA for most brake
mechanics to about 0.0021 f/cc
300+

Various (data sourced from multiple studies)

Full shift TWA and short term
Brake cleaning and machining activities
Personal, area

Personal samples taken in worker PBZ

2-60 min

PCM

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology Low X 1 3 Cites other sources for exposure data and methodology

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope High x 1 1 United states

Metric 3: Applicability High x2 2 in-scopeuse

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High x 2 2 2009

Continued on next page

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Richter, R. 0.,Finley, B. L.,Paustenbach, D. J..Williams, R R. D.,Sheehan, P. J.. 2009. An evaluation of short-term exposures of brake

mechanics to asbestos during automotive and truck brake cleaning and machining activities. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2548725

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 5: Sample Size

High

X 1

1

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Most critical metadata included

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discuss variability between different worker activities

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

212 Of 247

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Source Citation: Jiang, G. C.,Madl, A. K.,Ingmundson, K. J.,Murbach, D. M.,Fehling, K. A.,Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.. 2008. A study of airborne

chrysotile concentrations associated with handling, unpacking, and repacking boxes of automobile clutch discs. Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2602094

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive clutches
Solid
Inhalation

It was found that 30-min average airborne chrysotile concentrations (PCM ad-
justed) were 0.026 " 0.004 f/cc or 0.100 " 0.017 f/cc for a worker unpacking and
repacking 1 or 2 boxes of clutches, respectively. The 30-min PCM adjusted av-
erage airborne asbestos concentrations at bystander locations ranged from 0.002
" 0.001 f/cc and 0.004 " 0.002 f/cc when 1 or 2 boxes of clutches were handled,
respectively. Estimated 8-h TWA asbestos exposures for a worker handling 1 or
2 boxes of clutches over a workday ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 f/cc. The 30-min
PCM adjusted average airborne asbestos concentration for a worker continuously
stacking unopened boxes of clutches was 0.212 " 0.014 f/cc; the 8-h TWA was
0.013 f/cc. Additionally, 30-min PCM adjusted average airborne asbestos con-
centrations following cleanup and clothing handling were 0.002 " 0.001 f/cc and
0.002 " 0.002 f/cc, respectively, both resulting in estimated 8-h TWA asbestos
exposures of 0.0001 f/cc.

Breathing zone samples on the lapel of a volunteer worker (n = 100) and area
samples atbystander (n = 50), remote area (n = 25), and ambient (n = 9) locations
1

Full shift TWA and short term

Unpacking, repacking, and handling boxes of clutch disks
1

Personal, area, bulk

PBZ, bystander (5 ft from worker) and remote (50 ft from worker)

15 min - 4 hr. Full shift TWA's based off 1-hr samples

Continued on next page

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: Jiang, G. C.,Madl, A. K.,Ingmundson, K. J.,Murbach, D. M.,Fehling, K. A.,Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.. 2008. A study of airborne

chrysotile concentrations associated with handling, unpacking, and repacking boxes of automobile clutch discs. Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2602094

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution: The clutches contained asbestos and the mean chrysotileasbestos content was 33.7

percent" 2.0, with a range of 2052 percent. PLM analysis (LOD 1 percent) did
not indicate the presence of amphibole asbestos fibers in any of the clutches. Bulk
sample analysis (XRD) of dust which had accumulated on the countertop during
the unpacking and repacking of boxes of clutches indicated an average chrysotile
asbestos concentration of 6.8 percent" 2.2, and a range of 114 percent
Analytic Method: PCM and TEM

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
High
High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2
1

United States
In-scope use
2008

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.0

Continued on next page

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Jiang, G. C.,Madl, A. K.,Ingmundson, K. J.,Murbach, D. M.,Fehling, K. A.,Paustenbach, D. J.,Finley, B. L.. 2008. A study of airborne

chrysotile concentrations associated with handling, unpacking, and repacking boxes of automobile clutch discs. Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2602094

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

215 Of 247

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Source Citation: Cohen, H. J., Van Orden, D. R.. 2008. Asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles. Journal of Occupational

and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 2603896

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive clutches
Solid
Inhalation

Asbestos air sampling data collected averaged 0.047 f/cc. Using the range of data
inputs that were obtained, the authors calculated a range of TWA exposures of
3.75 " 10?5 f/cc to 0.03 f/cc. The mean value of 0.0016 f/cc is below background
levels of asbestos that have been reported in garages during this time and below
the current OSHA PEL of 0.1 f/cc.

104
1

Full shift

Clutch assembly removal
1

Personal, area, bulk

PBZ, area samples taken 5-10 feet from mechanic
26-161 min

Wear debris in the bell housing surrounding clutcheshad an average of 0.1 percent
chrysotile asbestos by weight, avalue consistent with similar reports of brake
debris

Control techniques varied and included using water to clean brakes, dry wiping,
and compressed air
PCM and TEM

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High X 1 1 Well-described methodology

Continued on next page

216 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cohen, H. J., Van Orden, D. R.. 2008. Asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles. Journal of Occupational

and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	2603896

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
High
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
2
2

United States
In-scope use
2008

Distribution of samples is characterized by a range with uncertain statistics

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Monitoring data include most critical metadata, but lacks some details

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Does not address variability/uncertainty

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

217 of 247

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Source Citation:	Cowan, D. M.,Cheng, T. J..Ground, M.,Sahmel, J.,Varughese, A.,Madl, A. K.. 2015. Analysis of workplace compliance measurements of

asbestos by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1984-2011). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3520562

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Type of Measurement or Method:
Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

From 1984 to 2011, personal air samples ranged from 0.001 to 175 f/cc across
a variety of industries where asbestos is used (e.g., construction, manufacturing,
mining, automotive repair)

394 personal, 55 area, and 258 bulk samples for automotive repair, services, and

parking

8-hr TWA

Unspecified

Personal, area, bulk

PBZ of workers for personal samples

Bulk sampling analysis in this industry yielded asbestos concentrations ranging
from 0 percent to 100 percent; however, information related to the specific product
type that was analyzed for asbestos content was rarely provided in the database
(i.e., 7 samples included information on product type).

PCM

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

OSHA inspection data

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

X 1

1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

In-scope use

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

4

Data ranges between 1984-2011

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Low

X 1

3

Samples presented as a range, with no statistics

Continued on next page

218 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cowan, D. M.,Cheng, T. J..Ground, M.,Sahmel, J.,Varughese, A.,Madl, A. K.. 2015. Analysis of workplace compliance measurements of

asbestos by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1984-2011). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3520562

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

Monitoring data include sample type but no other metadata.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discussion of variability and uncertainty included, but minimal for the auto-
motive repair industry specifically

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

219 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Cooper, TC; Sheehy, JW; O'Brien, DM; Mcglothlin, JD; Todd, WF. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service

Controls at United States Postal Service Vehicle Maintenance Facility, Louisville, Kentucky, Report No. CT-152-1 IB".

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099353

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Min <0.004 PCM fibers/cc Max: 0.006 PCM fibers/cc Arithmetic Mean: <0.004
PCM fibers/cc
22 personal, 34 area

I

Brake job TWA (2-3 hours)

Servicing drum brakes on 11 vehicles

II

Personal, area, bulk
PBZ, garage area

Personal: Duration of brake job or 2 hours, whichever is longer. Area: 4-6 hours
When performing brake maintenance work (no more than 2-3 hr/day)

Less than 1 percent of the material in the brake drum bulk samples was asbestos,
but from 62 to 100 percent of the fibers in 9 of 11 of the brake drum bulk samples
were chrysotile with one of the brake drum samples containing 100 percent
chrysotile asbestos fibers. One of the samples contained amphibole fibers. From
0 to 25 percent of asbestos fibers and bundles were longer than 5 microns.
Vacuum enclosure system used during brake work
Work clothing and respirators
PCM and TEM

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Continued on next page

220 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cooper, TC; Sheehy, JW; O'Brien, DM; Mcglothlin, JD; Todd, WF. 1987. In-Depth Survey Report: Evaluation of Brake Drum Service

Controls at United States Postal Service Vehicle Maintenance Facility, Louisville, Kentucky, Report No. CT-152-1 IB".

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099353

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6
1

United States
In-scope use
1987

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics - raw
data in appendix

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.4





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

221 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Cooper, TC; Sheehy, JW; O'Brien, DM; Mcglothlin, JD; Todd, WF. 1988. In-depth survey report: Evaluation of brake drum service controls

at Cincinnati Gas and Electric Garages, Cincinnati, Evanston, and Monroe, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099264

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:
Analytic Method:

Aftermarket auto parts
Automotive brakes
Solid
Inhalation

Min <0.004 PCM fibers/cc Max: 0.016 PCM fibers/cc Arithmetic Mean: 0.006
PCM fibers/cc
10

4 garages at 1 site
Brake job TWA (2-3 hours)

Servicing drum brakes on 6 vehicles: a sedan, two vans, two pickup trucks, and
a larger truck (model years not specified)

8

Personal, area, bulk
PBZ, garage area

When performing brake maintenance work (no more than 2-3 hr/day)

Less than 1 percent of the material in the brake drum bulk samples was asbestos,
but from 74 to 100 percent of the fibers in the brake drum bulk samples were
chrysotile. None of the brake drum bulk samples contained amphibole fibers.
From 1 to 15 percent of asbestos fibers and bundles were longer than 5 microns.
Mechanics use solvent to minimize dust release, either through spraying solvent
or using a parts brush with solvent
PCM

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	X 1	1 Well-described methodology

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

222 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cooper, TC; Sheehy, JW; O'Brien, DM; Mcglothlin, JD; Todd, WF. 1988. In-depth survey report: Evaluation of brake drum service controls

at Cincinnati Gas and Electric Garages, Cincinnati, Evanston, and Monroe, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3099264

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6
1

United States
In-scope use
1988

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics - raw
data in appendix

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Metadata provided

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Discuss variability between different worker activities and sampling locations

Overall Quality Determination^

High



1.6





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

223 of 247

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Source Citation: Nordgren, J. 2017. Comment submitted by Judith Nordgren, Managing Director, Chlorine Chemistry Division (CCD), American Chemistry

Council (ACC).

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3986705

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali industry
Solid
Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided by ACC (unknown number of sites)

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

x 1

Sampling and analytical methods not provided

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Data are for the chlor-alkali industry, where asbestos is used in diaphragms.

In-scope use.

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

Sample dates range from 1996 to 2016

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

x 1

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium X 1 2 Most sample results include sample duration, worker activity description,

sample date, and some data include task frequency, but some data do not
include sample duration.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

224 Of 247

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Source Citation: AxiallAVestlake. 2018. Information from AxiallAVestlake. Public Comment Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2016-0736-0129.
Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 5352391

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali industry
Solid
Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided by Axiall-Westlake (1 site)

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

x 1

Sampling and analytical methods not provided

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Data are for the chlor-alkali industry, where asbestos is used in diaphragms.

In-scope use.

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

Sample dates range from 1996 to 2016

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

x 1

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium X 1 2 Most sample results include sample duration, worker activity description,

sample date, and some data include task frequency, but some data do not
include sample duration.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

225 Of 247

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Source Citation: Occidental Chem Corp. 2017. Comment submitted by Occidental Chemical Corporation. Public Comment Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-

2016-0736-0103..

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 5352389

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali industry
Solid
Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided by Occidental (6 sites)

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

x 1

Sampling and analytical methods not provided

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Data are for the chlor-alkali industry, where asbestos is used in diaphragms.

In-scope use.

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

Sample dates range from 1996 to 2016

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

x 1

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium X 1 2 Most sample results include sample duration, worker activity description,

sample date, and some data include task frequency, but some data do not
include sample duration.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

226 Of 247

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Source Citation: Olin Corp. 2017. Data attached to an email sent to EPA on May 1, 2019. Email Title: Olin: Submission to OCSPP in 2017.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 5352390

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Asbestos Diaphragms
Chlor-alkali industry
Solid
Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided by Olin (4 sites)

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

Low

x 1

Sampling and analytical methods not provided

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

High
High

Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness High
Metric 5: Sample Size High

United States

Data are for the chlor-alkali industry, where asbestos is used in diaphragms.

In-scope use.

Sample dates range from 1996 to 2016

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness Medium X 1 2 Most sample results include sample duration, worker activity description,

sample date, and some data include task frequency, but some data do not
include sample duration.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

x 1

3 No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

High

1.6

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

227 of 247

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Source Citation: Environmental Health Management. 2013. Report for OSHA compliance monitoring at Branham Corporation. Branham Corporation.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 5080210

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Sheet gaskets

Cutting of sheet gaskets

Solid

Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided for a single Branham Corporation facility.

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 NIOSH 582 equivalency certificate provided

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

United States

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Cutting of sheet gaskets; in-scope use.

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

High

x 2

Samples taken in 2012

Metric 5:

Sample Size

High

x 1

Individual samples provided, so distribution can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness High X 1 1 Personal samples; air sample data sheet provided with sample times; activity

time log provided with worker activities; narrative describes site operations.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium x 1

2 Study does not address if variability in operations is captured in sampled data;
uncertainty in measurements could be determined from NIOSH 582.

Overall Quality Determination'''

High

1.1

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

228 of 247

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Source Citation: ACC. 2017. Use of Non-Friable Asbestos Containing Gaskets in Titanium Dioxide Manufacturing. Information submitted by email to EPA.

October 30, 2017.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 5080225

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Sheet gaskets

Use of sheet gaskets in titanium dioxide manufacturing

Solid

Inhalation

Personal monitoring data provided for a single Chemours Titanium Technologies
facility.

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

Low

X 1

Sampling and analytical methods not provided

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
High
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2
2

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.
Samples taken since 2009

Only number of samples, mean, min, and max provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

Sample durations and exposure frequency not provided.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium

1.8

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

229 Of 247

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Source Citation: Environmental Protection, Agency. 1985. ASBESTOS WASTE MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE-GENERATION, TRANSPORT, DISPOSAL.
Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3100906

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Aftermarket auto parts

Many sources mentioned - including brake linings and brake pads

Solid

Inhalation

Waste management guidance for asbestos - no monitoring data presented

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating	MWF* Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology

High

X 1	1 EPA document

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High

Low
Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6

3

United States

In scope use - addresses aftermarket automotive products
Report published in 1985
no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.2.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

230 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Chan, Y. M.,Agamuthu, P.,Mahalingam, R.. 2000. Solidification and stabilization of asbestos waste from an automobile brake manufacturing

facility using cement. Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3520527

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Aftermarket auto parts

Addresses dusts from brakes - but from the context of a foreign brake manufac-
turing facility
Solid
Inhalation

Information provided on waste management of asbestos-containing brake dusts -
no monitoring data presented

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability











Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

1

Peer-reviewed journal article

Domain 2: Representative











Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

Low

X 1

3

Non-OECD - Bulgaria

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

2

Related to in scope use - addresses manufacturing of aftermarket automotive











products

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

4

2000 publication

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Low

X 1

3

no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity









Metric 6:

Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty









Metric 7:

Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination'''	Unacceptable	4 Metric Mean Score: 2.2.

Continued on next page

231 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Chan, Y. M.,Agamuthu, P.,Mahalingam, R.. 2000. Solidification and stabilization of asbestos waste from an automobile brake manufacturing

facility using cement. Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3520527

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

232 of 247

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Source Citation:	Ambrosius, S.,Gundlach, H.,Kieser, J.. 1996. Thermal utilization of cement-bound asbestos products in cement kilns.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3580728

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

cement products

Solid

Inhalation

Publication addresses method to manage asbestos fibers in cement products

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating	MWF* Score	Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology	High	Xl	1 Peer-reviewed journal article

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

Medium
Medium
Medium

Low

x 1
x 2
x 2
x 1

2
4
4

3

OECD - Germany
Occupational use - not in scope
1996 publication
no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

4

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination^

Unacceptable



4

Metric Mean Score: 2.3.



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

233 of 247

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Source Citation: Harwood, C. F.,Oestreich, D. K.,Siebert, P.,Stockham, J. D.. 1975. Asbestos emissions from baghouse controlled sources. American

Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID 3585625

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Other

Facilities that made cement products, milled products, and textiles

Solid

Inhalation

Publication addresses manufacturing activities that have since been completely
phased out in the United States

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

x 1

Peer-reviewed journal article

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
Medium

Low
Low

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

4
6
3

Four facilities in the United States and one facility in Canada
Occupational use - not in scope
1975 publication
no data provided

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Unacceptable

X 1

no recent /relevant exposure or use data

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

N/A - no data

Overall Quality Determination''' Unacceptable 4 Metric Mean Score: 2.4.

Continued on next page

234 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Harwood, C. F.,Oestreich, D. K.,Siebert, P.,Stockham, J. D.. 1975. Asbestos emissions from baghouse controlled sources. American

Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Reports for Data or Information Other than Exposure or Release Data;

Hero ID	3585625

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score

Comments



** Consistent with our Application of Systematic Review in TSCARisk Evaluations document, if a metric for a data source receives a score of Unacceptable (score = 4), EPA will determine
the study to be unacceptable. In this case, one of the metrics were rated as unacceptable. As such, the study is considered unacceptable and the score is presented solely to increase
transparency.

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:

High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

235 of 247

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Source Citation: NASA. 2020. NASA Operational Uses of Asbestos - Super Guppy Turbine Aircraft.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 6324299

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):

Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

Exposure Frequency:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:

Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Industrial

Use of Brakes/Frictional Products for a Single, Large Transport Vehicle (NASA

Super-Guppy)

Dust

Inhalation

Five worker exposure measurements provided: 8-hour TWA concentrations:
<0.003, <0.006, and <0.0089 f/ccExcursion measurements (approx. 30 min-
utes): <0.044 and <0.045 f/cc
5
1

PBZ samples tested with NIOSH Method 7400
Brake maintenance activity
Not reported
PBZ

Samples collected during brake repair, which reportedly occurs in a walk-in booth,
The average time spent changing brakes is 3.3 hours.

Over the last 3 years, NAS reports (on average) changing 3.6 brakes per year.
Not reported

Work takes place in a ventilated walk-in booth.

"PPE is not required during brake maintenance operations because exposures are
below the OSHA PEL and Excursion Limit. Employees may choose to wear PPE
voluntarily, including Tyvek suits. Per exposure monitoring results, employees
are not required to wear respiratory protection. If they choose to, they wear a
half mask air-purifying respirator with P-100 particulate filters (NIOSH Approval
Number TC-84A-0086)."

NIOSH Method 7400

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Continued on next page

236 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation: NASA. 2020. NASA Operational Uses of Asbestos - Super Guppy Turbine Aircraft.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 6324299

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

Data are from a presentation by a reliable source (NASA)

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:

Metric 3:
Metric 4:

Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High

High
High

High

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

2
2

Information is provided for the one site in the U.S. that houses the Super Guppy
aircraft.

All information for the publication are for the Super Guppy condition of use.

Data provided from five sampling events - and brake replacement only occurs
three to four times per year.

Very few workers conduct this activity. The few samples cover the few workers.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

A complete account of data are included, but not the full range of information
sometimes found in IH sampling reports (e.g., flow rates, laboratory sheets).

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

No discussion is provided on variability, but variability is likely limited for this
condition of use due to the fact that all work is conducted at one location and
on one aircraft.

Overall Quality Determination'''

High

1.2

* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

237 of 247

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Source Citation: Paustenbach, D. J.,Madl, A. K.,Donovan, E.,Clark, K.,Fehling, K.,Lee, T. C.. 2006. Chrysotile asbestos exposure associated with removal of

automobile exhaust systems (ca. 1945-1975) by mechanics: results of a simulation study. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3531296

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Sheet gaskets

removal of exhaust systems with asbestos-containing gaskets during repair work
Dust

Inhalation

Mechanics: 0.022 f/ccBystander: 0.012 f/ccRemote Indoor: 0.005 f/

ccBackground Indoor: 0.008 f/ccAmbient Outdoor: 0.003 f/cc

170

8h TWA

Removal of the muffler and exhaust pipe up to the flange, removal of the muffler,
exhaust pipe, and exhaust manifold, conversion from single to dual exhaust system,
and removal of the muffler system up to the exhaust manifold with the installation
of an asbestos donut gasket.

PBZ, area

Air samples for asbestos were collected at breathing zone height (5 ft) at four
different locations, approximately 4 ft from the vehicle.

A mechanic working on dual exhaust systems all day (two cars per day) was
assumed to be potentially exposed to asbestos for 2 h.

Mechanics wore no PPE.

NIOSH method 7400

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 Peer-reviewed journal article

Domain 2: Representative

Continued on next page

238 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Paustenbach, D. J.,Madl, A. K.,Donovan, E.,Clark, K.,Fehling, K.,Lee, T. C.. 2006. Chrysotile asbestos exposure associated with removal of

automobile exhaust systems (ca. 1945-1975) by mechanics: results of a simulation study. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental
Epidemiology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3531296

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 2: Geographic Scope
Metric 3: Applicability
Metric 4: Temporal Representativeness
Metric 5: Sample Size

High
High
Medium
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
4
1

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.

2004 publication.

Sample size and distribution clearly characterized, along with statistics - raw
data in appendix

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Most critical metadata included

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

includes discussion of variability, not uncertainty which could be determined
from underlying methods

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

239 Of 247

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Source Citation: Blake, C. L.,Dotson, G. S.,Harbison, R. D.. 2006. Assessment of airborne asbestos exposure during the servicing and handling of automobile

asbestos-containing gaskets. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 3520458

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Samples:

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Number of Workers:
Type of Sampling:
Sampling Location:

Exposure Duration:
Analytic Method:

Sheet gaskets

removal of exhaust systems with asbestos-containing gaskets during repair work
Dust

Inhalation

The highest 8-HR TWA fiber concentration was 0.0079 f/cc, and occurred dur-
ing the removal of gaskets from the Chevrolet Malibu. All area samples were
approximately 100 times lower than the current PEL of O.lf/cc.The 8-HR TWA
PCM fibers concentrations reported for the personal air samples collected during
the six test sessions ranged from 0.008 to 0.0937 f/cc.

68
1

8h TWA

Engine disassembly and removal of asbestos-containing gaskets, engine reassem-
bly and installation of asbestos-containing gaskets, and cleanup of service facility.
1

PBZ, area

Southeast corner (SE corner); 22 feet SE of vehicle Southwest corner (SW cor-
ner); 19 feet SW of vehicle Northwest corner (NW corner); 15 feet NW of
vehicleNortheast corner (NE corner); 18 feet NE of vehicle Intermediate hallway;
30 feet NE of vehicle Distant hallway; 50 NE of vehicle Driver" s side fender
Passenger"s side fender Work bench; 9 feet S of vehicle
The length of the tests ranged from 132 to 157min.

NIOSH method 7400, USEPA Method 600/R-93/116

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High Xl 1 Peer-reviewed journal article

Continued on next page

240 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Blake, C. L.,Dotson, G. S.,Harbison, R. D.. 2006. Assessment of airborne asbestos exposure during the servicing and handling of automobile

asbestos-containing gaskets. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	3520458

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High
Medium
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
4
1

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.

2006 publication.

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Most critical data included, but missing details like exposure frequency, parti-
cle size, and engineering controls.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

well described within document

Overall Quality Determination'''

High



1.3





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

241 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Cheng, RT; McDermott, HJ. 1990. Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	6939370

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Exposure Duration:

PPE:

Sheet gaskets

handling of gaskets containing asbestos in the oil and chemical industry
Dust

Inhalation

Cutting with power shear and hammer punch: 0.015 f/ccCutting with power
shear and wheel cutter 0.017 f/ccCutting with knife on a lead surface table 0.012
f/ccCutting with power shear and hammer punch 0.009 f/ccCutting with power
shear and scissors 0.001 f/ccCutting with power shear and hammer punch 0.005
f/ccCutting with wheel cutter and hammer punch: 0.003 f/ccCutting with a saber
saw: 0.39 f/ccCutting with a saber saw: 0.33 f/ccCutting with power shear and
wheel cutter: 0.49 f/ccCutting with power shear and wheel cutter: 0.34 f/ccDry
removal: 2 valve gaskets, scraping/brushing: 0.11 f/ccDry removal: 1 pump
gasket, scraping/brushing: 0.19 f/ccDry removal: 2 flange gaskets, scraping/
brushing: 0.33 f/ccWet removal: 1 pump gasket, scraping/brushing: < 0.06 f/
ccWet removal: 2 pipe flange gaskets, brushing: < 0.06 f/cc
4

8h TWA

Replacement of after-service gaskets, on-site fabrication (cutting) of sheet gaskets,
and handling of new and after-service gaskets inside Gasket Trailers.

PBZ, area

Long term samples ranged from 330-470 minutes, and short term samples ranged
from 30-55 minutes.

Workers should be required to wear a half-face HEPA respirator during dry
removal of after-service sheet gaskets

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1 1 Peer-reviewed journal article



Continued on next page

242 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Cheng, RT; McDermott, HJ. 1990. Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	6939370

EVALUATION

Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
High

X 1

x 2
x 2
x 1

1

2
6
1

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.

1991 Publication

Individual samples provided, so distributions can be fully characterized.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Most critical data included, but missing details like exposure frequency, parti-
cle size, sampling location, number of workers, and engineering controls.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

243 Of 247

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Source Citation:	Millette, JR; Mount, MD; Hays, SM. 1995. Releasability of asbestos fibers from asbestos-containing gaskets. EIA Technical Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	6926060

EXTRACTION

Parameter	Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Number of Sites:

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:
Engineering Control & percent Exposure Reduction:

PPE:

Analytic Method:

Sheet gaskets

removal and replacement of old gaskets
Dust

Inhalation

Hand punching: 3.0-5.0 f/ccHand and machine processing: 0.01-1.3 f/ccCutting
with knives, power sheers, wheels: 0.001-0.017 f/ccCutting with saber saw and
wheel cutter: 0.33-0.49 f/cclnstallation: <0.03 f/cclnstallation after removal:
0.13-0.19 f/ccRemoval: 0.049-0.44 f/ccHand scraping: up to 0.4 f/ccDry re-
moval: 0.11-0.33 f/ccDry polishing: 1.4 f/ccWet removal: <0.06 f/ccCleaning
of debris after removal: 0.05 f/ccSheering and punching during cleanup: 1.2
and 1.67 f/ccBackground PBZ: 0.004 f/ccHand scraping PBZ: 0.14 f/ccPower
wire brushing PBZ: 6.8 f/ccHand scraping and power wire brushing PBZ: 2.1
f/ccBroom sweeping of area after removal PBZ 5.5 f/ccBackground PBZ (study
2): 0.005 f/ccDuring Gasket Cutting, PBZ (study 2): 11 f/ccBackground before
sweeping, PBZ (study 2): 0.13 f/ccDuring Sweeping, PBZ (study 2): 1.7 f/cc
2

8h TWA

Removal of asbestos-containing sheet gasket material and wire-brushing of the
pipe flange.

PBZ, area

Near flanges, power brushing equipment.

All fibers were over 5 um in length and 0.25 um in diameter.

If a gasket is visibly deteriorated and unlikely to be removed intact, removal shall

be undertaken within a glovebag. The gasket shall be thoroughly wetted with

amended water prior to removal. The wet gasket shall be immediately placed in

a disposal container. Any scraping to remove residue must be performed wet.

Respirators and head and body coverings.

NIOSH method 7400

EVALUATION

Domain	Metric	Rating MWF* Score	Comments

Continued on next page

244 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Millette, JR; Mount, MD; Hays, SM. 1995. Releasability of asbestos fibers from asbestos-containing gaskets. EIA Technical Journal.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	6926060

EVALUATION











Domain

Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments



Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1:

Methodology

High

X 1

1

Not peer reviewed but utilizes NIOSH method 7400.

Domain 2: Representative
Metric 2:
Metric 3:
Metric 4:
Metric 5:

Geographic Scope
Applicability

Temporal Representativeness
Sample Size

High
High

Low
Medium

X 1

x 2
x 2

X 1

1

2
6
2

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.
1995 publication
Only ranges provided.

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

High

X 1

1

Most critical metadata included

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination^

Medium



1.8





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

245 Of 247

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Source Citation: Millette, JR; Mount, MD; Hays, SM. 1996. Chapter 6: Asbestos-containing sheet gaskets and packing. Sourcebook on Asbestos Diseases,

Vol. 12: Asbestos Health Risks.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID 6915735

EXTRACTION

Parameter Data

Life Cycle Stage:

Life Cycle Description (Subcategory of Use):
Physical Form:

Route of Exposure:

Exposure Concentration (Unit):

Type of Measurement or Method:

Worker Activity:

Type of Sampling:

Sampling Location:

Bulk and Dust Particle Size Distribution:
PPE:

Analytic Method:

Sheet gaskets

handling of gaskets containing asbestos
Dust

Inhalation

Report summarizes the results of many studies done for asbestos exposure during
handling of gaskets, most of which are HEROID's already extracted.

8h TWA, long term, and short term samples.

Gasket fabrication, processing, and cutting. Also, cleaning of dusty areas after

processing.

PBZ, area

Near flanges, power brushing equipment, and in cleanup locations.

All fibers were over 5 um in length.

Respirators and head and body coverings.

NIOSH method 7400

EVALUATION

Domain Metric Rating MWF* Score Comments

Domain 1: Reliability

Metric 1: Methodology High X 1 1 Not peer reviewed but utilizes NIOSH method 7400 in some of the studies

summarized.

Domain 2: Representative

Metric 2:

Geographic Scope

High

x 1

Metric 3:

Applicability

High

x 2

Metric 4:

Temporal Representativeness

Medium

x 2

Metric 5:

Sample Size

Medium

x 1

Domain 3: Accessibility/Clarity

Continued on next page

United States

Removal of asbestos sheet gaskets; in-scope use.

1996 publication

Summaries of study results provided, which include means, maximums, and
ranges.

246 of 247

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- continued from previous page

Source Citation:	Millette, JR; Mount, MD; Hays, SM. 1996. Chapter 6: Asbestos-containing sheet gaskets and packing. Sourcebook on Asbestos Diseases,

Vol. 12: Asbestos Health Risks.

Type of Data Source Occupational Exposure; Monitoring Data;

Hero ID	6915735

EVALUATION









Domain Metric

Rating

MWF*

Score

Comments

Metric 6: Metadata Completeness

Medium

X 1

2

Critical metadata provided for each study mentioned, but many details not
included, like number of samples or workers in each study.

Domain 4: Variability and Uncertainty

Metric 7: Metadata Completeness

Low

X 1

3

No discussion provided on if variability in operations is captured in sampled
data; uncertainty in measurements not discussed.

Overall Quality Determination'''

Medium



1.7





* MWF = Metric Weighting Factor

^ If any individual metrics are deemed Unacceptable, then the overall rating is also unacceptable. Otherwise, the overall rating is based on the following scale:
High: > 1 to < 1.7; Medium: > 1.7 to < 2.3; Low: > 2.3 to < 3.

247 of 247

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