External Peer Review of Cost and Technology Evaluation, Conventional Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an Electrified Powertrain Vehicle, Same Vehicle Class and OEM Final Peer Review Summary Report




External Peer Review of Cost and



Technology Evaluation, Conventional



Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an



Electrified Powertrain Vehicle,



Same Vehicle Class and OEM



Final Peer Review Summary Report











£%	United States

Environmental Protect
Agency

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External Peer Review of Cost and
Technology Evaluation, Conventional
Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an
Electrified Powertrain Vehicle,
Same Vehicle Class and OEM

Final Peer Review Summary Report

Assessment and Standards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Prepared for EPA by
ERG, Eastern Research Group, Inc.
EPA Contract No. 68HE0C18C0001
Work Assignment 4-20/5-20

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions
or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using
data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such
reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to
inform the public of technical developments.

NOTICE

4>EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

EPA-420-R-23-034
September 2023

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Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION	1

2.0 BACKGROUND	1

3.0 PEER REVIEW PROCESS	1

4.0 SUMMARY OF REVIEWER COMMENTS	2

5.0 NARRATIVE COMMENT AND EPA RESPONSES	2

5.1	Comments Submitted by Dr. Thomas Bradley	3

5.1.1	General Comments	3

5.1.2	Specific Comments	4

5.2	Comments Submitted by Dr. David Cooke	9

5.2.1	General Comments	9

5.2.2	Specific Comments	9

5.3	Comments Submitted by Mr. John German	15

5.3.1	General Comments	15

5.3.2	Specific Comments	15

5.4	Comments Submitted by Dr. Noshin Omar	24

5.4.1	General Comments	24

5.4.2	Specific Comments	24

APPENDIX A RESUMES OF SELECTED REVIEWERS	A-l

APPENDIX B CHARGE TO REVIEWERS	B-l

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report documents the results of an independent external peer review of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Transportation and Air Quality's (OTAQ), Cost and Technology Evaluation,
Conventional Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an Electrified Powertrain Vehicle, Same Vehicle Class and
OEM.

ERG (a contractor to EPA) organized this review and developed this report. The report provides background
about the review (Section 2.0), describes the review process (Section 3.0), provides a high-level summary of
reviewers' comments (Section 4.0), and includes reviewers comments with EPA's responses (Section 5.0).
Appendix A provides resumes for the selected reviewers, and Appendix B provides the charge to reviewers.
Reviewer comments are presented exactly as submitted, without editing or correction of typographical
errors (if any).

2.0 BACKGROUND

EPA/OTAQ develops its programs to control C02 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emission measurements in
onroad and nonroad vehicles and equipment, there is a continuing need to evaluate the costs and benefits of
any such regulations. As such, EPA has developed its Optimization Model for reducing Emissions of
Greenhouse Gases from Automobiles, or OMEGA model, to facilitate its analysis of the costs and benefits of
the control of GHG emissions from cars and trucks.

The EPA OMEGA model applies various technology packages to a defined set of vehicles to meet a specified
GHG emission target and then calculates the costs and benefits of doing so. The GHG target can be a flat
standard applicable to all vehicles within a vehicle class (e.g., cars, trucks, or both cars and trucks) or the
"target" can be in the form of a curve which varies the target as a function of a defined vehicle "fleet." GHG
emission targets are specified in terms of C02-equivalent emissions. They can simply be C02 emissions from
the tailpipe or can be a combination of tailpipe C02 and refrigerant emissions.

The report that underwent peer review is a complete cost assessment of a Volkswagen ID.4 Battery Electric
Vehicle (BEV) and a Volkswagen Tiguan Internal Combustion Vehicle (ICV). These vehicles were chosen due to
their similar platform to enable EPA to assess the differential between BEV and ICV costs. The study entitled
"Cost and Technology Evaluation, Conventional Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an Electrified Powertrain
Vehicle, Same Vehicle Class and OEM" was performed by EPA contractor FEV Inc.

3.0 PEER REVIEW PROCESS

EPA tasked ERG with identifying four reviewers who had no conflict of interest (COI) in performing the review
and who, collectively, met the following selection criteria:

• experience with battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

• experience with internal combustion vehicles (ICVs)

• knowledgeable in the process of cost determination using physical teardown methods

• familiarity with the OMEGA model

ERG initiated a search process, asking interested candidates to describe their qualifications and respond to a
series of "Conflict of Interest" (COI) analysis questions. ERG carefully screened submissions to identify a pool
of qualified, COI-free candidates. From this pool, ERG selected four experts (listed below) who collectively
best met the selection criteria. ERG contracted with the reviewers after EPA verified that they were
appropriately qualified.

• Thomas H. Bradley, Ph.D.; Professor, College of Engineering, Colorado State University

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• David W. Cooke, Ph.D.; Senior Vehicles Analyst, Union of Concerned Scientists

• John M. German, M.B.A.; JG Automotive Consulting, LLC

• Noshin Omar, Ph.D.; CEO, Avesta Battery and Energy Engineering (ABEE) Group

ERG provided reviewers with access to a secure ERG FTP site to download all review materials and the
technical charge to reviewers (Appendix B). Prior to the start of the review, ERG organized and facilitated a
virtual meeting between reviewers and EPA to provide reviewers an opportunity to clarify their
responsibilities for the review. EPA provided background about the review materials and responded to
reviewers' clarifying questions. Reviewers then worked individually (i.e., without contact with other
reviewers or EPA) to prepare written comments. During this time, two reviewers sent a request for technical
clarifications to ERG. ERG forwarded the requests to EPA and provided EPA's responses to all four reviewers.
Reviewers completed their individual reviews and submitted their written comments to ERG. ERG provided
the individual reviewer comments to EPA. EPA then responded to reviewers' comments and provided a
response to comments document to ERG. ERG then prepared this report, including the high-level summary of
reviewers' comments (Section 4.0).

4.0 SUMMARY OF REVIEWER COMMENTS

This section provides a high-level summary of the comments provided by the four peer reviewers, Dr.

Thomas Bradley, Dr. Dave Cooke, Mr. John German, and Dr. Noshin Omar. EPA's charge to reviewers asked
questions under the two main categories of methodology/results and overall editorial content. EPA's charge
also asked reviewers to distinguish between "recommendations for clearly defined improvements that can
be readily made, based on data or literature reasonably available to EPA" and "improvements that are more
exploratory or dependent, which would be based on information not readily available to EPA."

In general, reviewers found the methodology to be reasonable, but all noted specific shortcomings in the
methodology, assumptions, citation of sources, or the introduction. Reviewers provided many suggestions
and requests for improvements, many of which could readily be made to enhance the utility of the work.

Methodology and Results

The reviewers regarded the report's methodology positively and noted its rigor, however all reviewers
indicated that the report lacked detail on both the methodology and the data sources used. Reviewers
indicated that the analyses were not reproduceable with the information provided in either the body or the
appendix of the report. Because this information was lacking, reviewers were generally unable to understand
the approach well enough to determine if there was any bias in the findings. Three of the four reviewers
indicated that the introductory section was too brief and that, despite their familiarity with the subject, they
would have understood the methodology better with more background on the work's purpose, approach,
and terminology.

The report presented a bottom-up cost comparison of a battery-electric vehicle (BEV) and an internal-
combustion vehicle (ICV), however three of the reviewers observed fundamental differences in the two
vehicle platforms that confound direct comparison of their powertrain costs. Comments of this type
generally involved three main vehicle properties: trim level (i.e., convenience or luxury features),
acceleration performance, and towing capacity. Reviewers noted that, for an appropriate cost comparison,
these properties should be as similar as possible between the two platforms in the analysis. They noted
multiple places in the report where costs were associated with the powertrain types being evaluated despite
actually being associated with variation in the three vehicle properties, reducing the utility of the findings.

Reviewers all commented on the cost categories, generally indicating that further detail or considerations
should be included. For example, Dr. Bradley stated that it wasn't clear why the engine of the Tiguan should

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have only one line item in the cost analysis while more details were provided for other powertrain
components. Likewise, Dr. Cooke and Dr. Omar indicated that the battery cost estimate should be more
detailed, including future mineral costs, given the importance of the battery to the BEV powertrain. Mr.
German made numerous comments on other cost categories, stating that no information was provided on
the cost effects of manufacturing learning curves, scaling parameters, and plant scaling costs, all of which
would be beneficial to include. Dr. Cooke and Mr. German both indicated confusion and possible
shortcomings in the analysis regarding treatment of costs around original equipment manufacturer (OEM) vs.
supplier manufacturing, especially around labor costs and where profit or markup are applied. Mr. German
also addressed potential shortcomings in the cost calculations associated with the increased vehicle weight
of the BEV; the report indicated various increases in parts costs due to increased vehicle weight but, when
taken overall, he questioned why the total weight-related cost of the BEV was less than that of the ICV.

In addition to their comments on potential inaccuracies or shortcomings in the methodology, the reviewers
provided recommendations for clearly defined improvements. The only comment that was particularly
exploratory or abstract was Mr. German's statement that the two selected vehicle platforms may not have
been ideal for this comparative work. He recommended that the baseline vehicle in this work should be a
hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) instead of an ICV due to the likelihood that HEVs will be the baseline for future
vehicle powertrains and pure-ICVs will likely have minimal market share in the next decade.

Most reviewer comments focused on methodology over results; this may have been due to the reviewers'
incomplete understanding of the data sources and methods. Dr. Cooke indicated that the results were in line
with the assumptions but added that the results "are just as reflective of assumptions made about
performance as they are about the technology itself." While Mr. German provided numerous comments
about specific costs and results, he generally qualified those statements by noting that his observations could
be due to misunderstandings of the data sources or methods.

Editorial Content

Dr. Bradley, Dr. Cooke, and Mr. German each listed typographical errors, requests for clarification, and
apparent errors in the editorial content or calculation arithmetic. Most other responses to the editorial
questions in the charge were restatements of the comments previously provided for the
methodology/results questions.

5.0 NARRATIVE COMMENT AND iSPONSES

This section includes reviewers' comments as received by ERG along with EPA's responses to their comments.

5.1 Comments Submitted by Dr. Thomas Bradley
5.1.1 General Comments

Thank you for the opportunity to provide feedback on this report, database, and findings. Please find my
comments here in red, with these comments categorized as either Recommendation (concrete) or
Improvement (exploratory).

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5,1,2 Specific Comments

1. Methodology/Results:

la. Is the methodology documented in the report generally reasonable and likely to yield accurate
results? Is any bias likely to be introduced to the results due to methodological issues? If so, please
indicate the direction of this bias and potential remedies.

Recommendation The goal of this report is to "estimate the costs of technologies likely to be used in meeting
future light-duty highway vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards/' but, there is no explicit
consideration of the future in this document. It is unclear from the calculations, methodologies and data
gathered how this can be translated into an understanding of future technologies.

EPA Response: Although FEV has benchmarking data in HEV, PHEV, BEV, FCV to do such a comparison;
for this study, FEV was tasked with comparing an ICV and a BEV.

Recommendation I will urge the generation of a nomenclature page. For example, the word "wash" is not
one that I have seen before. I get the picture, which is that it is 1-to-l comparable replacement parts, but this
is not a common term that I have seen in literature, and its definition was not available via various search
engines or other EPA reports. Similarly, "trim costs" is used in multiple ways in this report. There are items
that are classified as trim that are attributed to "powertrain driven" costs, not to "trim costs".

EPA's Response: A definition slide is added that defines the buckets developed to comprehensively
understand the cost delta.

lb. Please identify any general flaws inherent in the scope of the study. Do you feel the results would
be altered if the scope were more limited or expanded? Please explain.

Recommendation I got through it, but I think that a reader will be confused by the scoping discussion on P7,
it describes that "No SG&A and profit at OEM considered". Can the coloration and bullet points of this slide
be made to agree? For example, grey out profit and SG&A in the graphic. It seems to me that a more detailed
discussion of the reasoning and justification behind the scoping would be necessary here. Also, in fact SG&A
cost ARE included in the spreadsheet that feeds this analysis, but it is not clear that the spreadsheet's SG&A
and Profit columns are meant to represent Supplier SG&A/Profit, not OEM. A more detailed discussion of the
methods and assumptions is requested.

EPA's Response: Additional slides on step-by-step process of FEV's costing methodology is detailed in
Phase 1 Appendix.

lc. Are all appropriate inputs for the study being considered? Conversely, are all inputs considered in
the study appropriate? Please cite any particular inputs or assumptions made by the study that
you feel are inappropriate or likely to bias the results and how they could be remedied, with
particular emphasis on sources of information used in determining labor rates, material prices,
manufacturing burdens and other key factors.

Recommendation In this study, the Tiguan 2.0T S, base-trim is compared to ID 4 Pro, a mid-trim vehicle. It is
not clear to me why this comparison is not performed using a mid-trim ICE vehicle. The Tiguan SE midline
trim, has an MSRP of >$33k, and is more comparable to the ID 4 Pro. This change would have the effect of

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reducing the trim-driven cost delta, and thereby increasing the powertrain comparability from vehicle to
vehicle.

EPA Response: FEV wanted to find 2 vehicles as close relates as possible and yet have a new platform
developed for an EV. However, during the time, only these trims were available for immediate
procurement.

This incomparability leads me to question inconsistencies between cost allocations between these two
models. For example, why is (pl38 + p42) info gauge under wash, not under trim-related? Does it even
matter to the purposes for which EPA will put this report?

EPA Response: FEV has categorized any costs related to these under "Wash". This do not change due to
the shift in PT and hence may not alter any decision related to PT related cost delta.

Why is towing costs under powertrain related (p25), not under wash? In this case, presumably EPA will be
interested in powertrain allocated costs, and the cost of ID4's towing-capable bumper will be allocated to all
EVs as a powertrain related cost.

EPA Response: Yes, This is correct. The towing capability is not an inherent feature of BEVs but more a
marketing strategy. This has been updated and is now categorized under Trim driven costs. We
appreciate pointing this out.

Does this report assert that EVs are intrinsically more able to perform towing than ICEVs?

EPA Response: The towing capability is not an inherent feature of BEVs but more a marketing strategy.
This has been updated and is now categorized under Trim driven costs. We appreciate pointing this out.

In summary, it would have been much more convincing to have made this comparison between two mid-trim
vehicles. Absent a substantial revision, the justification for what types of costs are allocated to trim, and what
types of costs are allocated to indirect powertrain related costs should be more detailed (right now it is not
presented at all).

EPA Response: A definition slide is added that defines the buckets developed to comprehensively
understand the cost delta.

Id. Are the assumptions embedded in the report that affect projected cost or performance
reasonable? Such assumptions might include learning curve, economies of scale, scaling
parameters such as weight and power, labor rates, plant scaling, and material costs.

Recommendation This question is unevaluatable using the methods and data presented here. The
spreadsheet is not complete or valid enough to be able to evaluation assumptions, scaling and materials
costs.

Example challenge to the validity of materials/scaling: As an example, I was very surprised that the EVs
external soundboxes cost $90 each (pl38, 2 required per vehicle?, $87.7 in the spreadsheet). I go to the
spreadsheet and filter column DB for « Sound_Box_(BEV_Applications) » . The costs of the speaker (or any
other part in this assy) are not auditable from this spreadsheet due to broken links and values-pasted data,
but I can see that there is $46 - $66 in molded thermoplastic materials per one speaker box, with between

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$6-$15 in labor and $6-$15 in MOH for each one. This seems to me like an overestimation of the costs of
these materials contributions. For comparison, the speakers interior to the vehicle cost $7.99. I realize that
this is a FMVSS141 regulated item, but the high cost of this item is not traceable to the materials breakdown.

EPA's Response: After a further teardown, the costs of these soundboxes have been adjusted for in the
report with final roll ups. The cost initially at $80 are now down to $30.

Below is the materials and costs of these two Sound_Box_(BEV_Applications) components. Different
materials, different mass fractions, difficult to understand how these BOMs lead to costs of $90 per box.

Part

Name/
Descript
ion or
Ope rati

on
Descript
ion

Material
1

Sub
Categor

Material
1

Spec

Material
1

Volume
Estimat
e
(%)

Material
1

Mass
Contrib.
kg

Material
2

Sub
Categor

Material
2

Spec

Material
2

Volume
Estimat
e
(%)

Material
2

Mass
Contrib.
kg

Material

Labor

MOH

Total
Direct
Mfg
Cost
(DMC)

End
Item
Scrap

SG&A

Profit

Eng.,
Design

and
Testing

Total
Indirect
Mfg
Cost
(IMC)

Other
Direct
Mfg
Cost
(ODMC)

Total
Mfg
Cost
(TMC)

Front

Speaker

Box

Polyme
r_Ther
moplast
ic_Unkn
own

PC-
GF10

90%

0.50

Polyme
r_Ther
moplast
ic_FR4

10%

0.08

$46.46

$15.49

$77.44

$ 0.26

$ 5.17

$ 3.45

$ 0.86

$ 9.74

$87.17

Rear
Paseng
er Side
Sound
Box

Polyme
r_Ther
moplast
ic_PC

90%

0.36

Electro
magneti
c Alloys

10%

0.22

$66.39

$ 3.69

$73.77

$ 0.43

$ 5.54

$ 5.11

$ 2.13

$13.21

$86.97

In another example, it seems that the engine costing is not performed to the same level of auditability and
transparency as the other components of the Tiguan.

EPA's Response: FEV has previously worked with EPA for multiple engine technology studies most of
which is also readily available online. The closes engine is chosen as a benchmark and has been used for
costing the engine in Tiguan. To better understand the subsystem costs inside the engine, the updated
report has additional costs of engine in slide 75.

As far as I can see in the spreadsheet and powerpoint, it is presented without references as a one line rollup.
It is not clear why the engine costs are less worthy of investigation or documentation than other
components. It is very difficult to compare to other comparable studies when presented in this way. Is the
turbo in this rollup?

EPA's Response: Yes, the engine system includes this cost. Cost breakdown of engine is updated in slide
63.

le. Are the results expected of the study appropriate for the given scope, assumptions, and inputs?
Are there other results that could be derived from the analysis that would support or contradict
those cited by the study? Is appropriate validation made on the costing methodology and results?
Please expand on any recommendations that you would make for analyses of study results.

Because of the lack of information on the goals and objectives of this study (as was discussed in the scoping
meeting), it is difficult to evaluate the appropriateness and utility of the results.

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I have a couple of recommendations for analysis : On pl6 there is an evaluation of cycle time and assembly
costs. It would be very valuable for FEV to publish their methods for calculating cycle time and assembly
costs especially for EV assembly, as this has been a subject of some controversy and debate among
researchers and policy makers. The findings that EV assembly costs/time are higher for the EV are contrary to
recent cost modeling. For example, in CARB's cost spreadsheet, BEVs are represented in the costing
worksheet as having an assembly cost credit of $1600 (i.e. it costs $1600 less to assemble a BEV). I agree with
the findings of this study that no support exists for a BEV assembly cost credit that is this high. McKinsey
quantifies this benefit at $600, under assumptions of large-scale production. ICCT estimates this benefit at
$800, scaled up questionably from an unclear reference. UBS estimates this benefit at $-700, where they
consider the assembly of the BEV to be similar in process to the assembly of an ICEV, and the BEV assembly
to be more expensive due to its advanced materials. 1 My broader point, is that in a couple of these key
questions, this study could contribute to our understanding of the field, if these questions are addressed
more completely.

Examples might include: on board charging costs (ANL repeatedly estimates these costs as l/10th of what is
presented here), the ratios of cell costs to pack costs, etc.

2. Editorial content:

2a. Is sufficient detail provided in the body for a reader familiar with the subject EPA Contract report
to understand the process and conclusions? Are appropriate appendices included? Please specify
any specific content that you recommended be added or removed.

Recommendation There is not sufficient detail to understand the process and conclusions. I think that is not
disqualifying though. The essence of this report is that FEV has expertise to be able to perform these cost
breakdowns and that this is a snapshot of their findings. The appendices are not informative enough to serve
as a documentation of the processes.

2b. Please comment on any editorial issues that should be addressed in the report, including any
comments on general organization, pagination, or grammar and wording.

Recommendations

• P7 - Hyundai should be replaced by VW

• P14-Takttime is misspelled (TalkTime)

• P19 - summarize is misspelled

• P21 - this is not the right picture, this is a HEV

• P39 - the cost delta table on the RHS references suspension, not thermal

• P51 - adjusting is misspelled

1 See https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assemblv/our-insights/making-electric-vehicles-profitable,
https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EV cost 2020 2030 20190401.pdf,
https://neo.ubs.com/shared/dlwkuDIEbYPjF/

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• P57, the significant digits presented here are too many (i.e. $ 5.176302912)

• P61, There is an error in the write up in "Tiguan floor pan weighs heavier than Tiguan as it includes
the"

• P62 - both vehicles are attributed with "Increased use of Thermal Pads in the passenger
compartment"

• P68 - are ECUs included in the engine modules column of this graphic? It is a bit strange because the
TCM on the next few pages is >$200, but it is not called out in this engine cost model?

• P78 - When I review the sums on this page, they don't seem to add up. The remarks and graphics
don't seem to be in agreement.

• P78 - I think that the note : "Front E-Motor: AL Induction Motor costing $400." Is meant to indicate
aluminum. The abbreviation for Aluminum is Al, This is in contrast to the Cu hairpin motor, but they
both are copper winding and aluminum case. Why label the difference that way anyways?

• P98 - This figure is in error, I have added yellow bus bars to the screen shot below:

VW Tiguan vs ID4 pgy

Cell, Electrical Schematic consulting

3P8S CELL CONFIGURATION

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5,2 Comments Submitted by Dr. David Cooke

5.2.1 General Comments
None provided.

5.2.2 Specific Comments

1. Methodology/Results:

Generally, the methodology of the report is sound and follows on a history of similar reports that FEV has
produced for EPA for prior rulemakings. The spreadsheets accompanying the report are thorough, perhaps
even to a level unhelpful to transparency given the eye-popping volume of information (see responses to
question 2). FEV has tracked and generated a significant amount of data from the bottom-up in a largely first-
principles approach, relying upon a wealth of information to which the general public does not have access.

However, given the rather substantial nature of the technology difference (BEV v. ICEV), there must be an
extra close effort to create an appropriate A-to-B comparison. Unfortunately, this care towards
"performance neutrality" is not always present, which thus creates differences in cost related to
performance characteristics which inherently leads to bias (further described in Id).

EPA Response: It is true that there is a difference in the power for both vehicles and could skew the cost
numbers if normalized. During the inception of the study, the two most closely related vehicles from the
same OEM available when ID4 Mid trim and Tiguan base trim. One effort taken to level the playing field
was to categorizes all the components into the 5 buckets (Directly PT related, Indirectly PT related, Trim
Driven, Mass Driven and wash). The costs can be used to estimate the cost of a lower powered BEV by
using $/kWh of the pack and $/kW of the motor and estimating motor and battery costs.

This approach is also inconsistent with previous FEV teardown reports. For example, in the lightweighting
reports for the Toyota Venza, "the mass-reduction ideas could not result in a function, performance, or
safety degradation from the baseline (i.e., current production stock) vehicle. In addition no powertrain, nor
any other vehicle system architecture changes, were permitted in the analysis" (EPA-420-R-12-026, p. 2).

The remedies to this bias are traced below in direct response to particular issue areas raised.

lb. Please identify any general flaws inherent in the scope of the study. Do you feel the results would
be altered if the scope were more limited or expanded? Please explain.

As noted in la, not ensuring FEV perform a performance-neutral analysis creates an inherent flaw and means
the agency is now responsible for recalibrating the costs in its own bottom-up approach (see response to Id).

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was to categorizes all the components into the 5 buckets (Directly PT related, Indirectly PT related, Trim
Driven, Mass Driven and wash). The costs can be used to estimate the cost of a lower powered BEV by
using $/kWh of the pack and $/kW of the motor and estimating motor and battery costs.

Additionally, there are sensitivities I think would have been appropriate to consider that fall into two
categories: 1) labor and 2) batteries. I believe the first sensitivity has largely been dealt with as the result of a
recent addendum to the report, but with regard to the battery there is not sufficient detail in many respects
for the agency to deal with a rapidly evolving space.

Labor—As noted in slide 16, there are multiple strategies for manufacturing BEVs, where in some cases the
drivetrain and battery are largely outsourced to Tier 1 suppliers and in other cases OEMs instead choose to
bring this in-house (addendum p. 4). The addendum looks closely at labor costs associated with assembly of
the final product by the OEM under different levels of vertical integration (i.e. based on varying levels of sub-
assembly from Tier 1 suppliers). Appropriately, FEV has considered in detail the potential labor outcomes for
OEMs for alternative product strategies; however, while it may make sense to identify this in terms of
compliance, in terms of societal impacts (also a key part of EPA's calculus for any regulation), it seems to me
that the question is actually around the entirety of the labor impact—in other words, are there are any total
cost differences when including those labor hours at Tier 1 suppliers that would be affected. If there are not
any, it seems important for FEV to point to.

EPA Response: It's true that the labor hours should be accounted at both the OEM and T1,T2 levels to
understand the total absolute difference in the labor time that goes into both the vehicles. To do this
type of study one must know where exactly each of this part is sourced from (Tl, T2,T3) and this could
vary for both the vehicles, and the production volumes at supplier level can also vary vastly bring in
multiple unknown variables to the study. This study does delineate all the labor hours only at the OEM
level as the scope here limits to UAW workers. One can estimate the total labor hours on a high level for
all components by using the total labor cost in ICV ($6,361.42) and BEV ($7,437.42) and dividing it by the
labor rate (which includes (hourly wage+ 20% for MRO + 20% for MOH) *1.5 for fringe). Which should
approximate the number of labor hours for both vehicles at a high level.

Battery Chemistry—One factor that was not explored at all in the FEV breakdown was the degree to which
battery chemistry and mineral constraints could effect the cost of the BEV. In addition to the NMC-721
chemistry of the battery pack produced by LG Chem, the ID.4 is available in an NMC-811 chemistry from SK
Innovation (https://www.carsdirect.com/automotive-news/green-technology/volkswagen-id-4-sk-vs-lg-
batteries-explained). Ostensibly, the battery pack size remains the same; however, it would be helpful to
understand as part of this teardown to what degree the cost for the battery pack is determined by the
chemistry according to FEV's methodology—given that it is unlikely that Volkswagen is paying substantially
different prices for a piece of the vehicle that is undifferentiated for the consumer, this would help inform
the amount of uncertainty created by FEV's assumptions on material costs for Li-ion batteries, as well as any
future costs under different mineral prices. This latter piece seems particularly relevant for FEV to consider
even in the absence of a second battery manufacturer.

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EPA Response: FEV does multiple studies to compare similar technologies and study the difference in
these technologies and one of it being NMC721 and NMC 811. However, for this study, this comparison is
out of scope.

As noted above, mineral price constraints and the relationship between battery chemistry would be a helpful
addition to contextualize this particular teardown in the bounty of research being put together by the agency
as part of its regulatory process.

EPA Response: FEV uses publicly available pricing and supplier quotes for material pricing, and this is
generally an average over a period. These prices may vary and further change the cell pricing, however
for this study material forecasting is out of scope and a snapshot in time is used to cost the NMC cells.

In this report, while some effort has been made to explicitly cost out and identify differences in minor
characteristics (e.g., trim or interior packages), there are major performance changes which were not
quantified:

• Acceleration/power: Because the torque curves for an electric motor and a spark-ignited engine are
different, there is not necessarily a 1:1 matching of performance characteristics. However, this is not
a minor difference in performance characteristics: the ID.4 generates ~50-60% more torque and
power, which enables the vehicle to accelerate to 60 mph in 60% of the time, in spite of the 30%
increase in curb weight. The degree to which the two vehicles vary is significant enough that some
effort should be considered to attempt to cost out this performance difference, since it is not
inherent in electrification but a choice made by the manufacturer.

o As a counterexample, take the 2016 Ford Focus: The base model SE with the 1.0L EcoBoost
achieved a 10.2s 0-60 and 17.6s 1/4-mile with its 123hp/1251 b.-ft. engine (C&D 2016). The
electric version, on the same platform, achieved a 9.9s 0-60 and a 17.2 1/4-mile from its
143hp/184lb.-ft. electric motor. The difference in performance and additional power
characteristics of the motor are essentially what is needed to make up for the 20% increase
in curb weight.

o The increased performance characteristic of the ID.4 set the size of the motor, battery, the
power electronics, etc. Some scaling should be considered to downsize those to a
"performance neutral" cost, or at least some attempt made to quantify them, even if it is as a
sensitivity.

o If the cost were truly neutral, then the ID.4's platform companion the Audi Q4 e-tron would
yield a similar differential with the luxury brand's most comparable vehicle, the Audi Q5, and

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yet those vehicles do not show at all the differences in MSRP present in the VW models. This
is likely because there is not a similar performance differential between the Audis compared
to the VW models and therefore not direct costs associated with those differences.
• Towing capability: On Slide 59, it is noted that the ID.4 has a higher towing capacity than the Tiguan
and that the heavier bumpers thus required by manufacturers' choice to "market BEVs for their
higher towing capacity" are indirectly a powertrain-driven cost. This is incorrect. It is a marketing cost
or a cost related to a performance upgrade. This is exactly the type of cost FEV should be pulling
aside into a category of costs related to differences in performance because there is no inherent
powertrain rationale for such costs—it is simply a marketing strategy to sell what is currently (based
on the identified and current battery etc. prices) a more expensive vehicle.

o It is worth noting precisely the difference in towing characteristics of the two vehicles, to put
in context for the market's valuation of such difference: the ID.4 can tow up to 2700 pounds,
while the Tiguan can town just 1500 pounds. For an in-class comparison, a base RAV4 can
tow just 1500 pounds, while the RAV4 in its Adventure trim can tow 3500 pounds—the
difference in price between the RAV4 XLE AWD (the trim-level most similar to the non-
towing options available on the Adventure trim), and the RAV4 Adventure AWD is ~$3300, a
significant upgrade (Autotrader 2023). While no doubt there may be additional differences in
package content, it is clear that the substantial difference in towing capability between the
ID.4 and the "similar" Tiguan should be accounted for not as a characteristic of an EV but as a
performance upgrade.

Given the substantial differences in technology, it may be challenging to identify true performance-neutral
costs, since unlike earlier BEVs the Tiguan and ID.4 do not share a platform (and in fact, this lack of shared
platform is likely the result of some significant cost reductions and opportunity for improvement). However,
FEV has not identified clearly how such performance differences have been dealt with, which impairs the
agency's ability to thus take the data into consideration for any rulemakings.

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Driven, Mass Driven and wash). The costs can be used to estimate the cost of a lower powered BEV by
using $/kWh of the pack and $/kW of the motor and estimating motor and battery costs.

Given the assumptions made by FEV, the results are not surprising. However, they are just as reflective of
assumptions made about performance as they are about the technology itself, and it will be critical to
differentiate the assumptions made about manufacturer behavior from inherent technological differences, as
FEV has attempted in the case of labor.

2. Editorial content:

For the average person unaware of previous FEV teardowns commissioned by EPA, I find that this report
could use some upfront clarity and does not stand alone. While I recognize that rather than a report it is a
slide-deck, within that format I think it would be helpful to have a simple summary slide framing up the
general task and a list (preferably with links) to previous material.

EPA Response: Slide 4 has been updated to summarize the purpose of the study and how FEV went
about the study.

In my opinion, the Slide #4 "background" slide does not provide the regulatory context nor any of the general
background on a teardown study, all of which are present in previous reports and could simply be
incorporated by reference.

EPA Response: Slide 4 has been updated to summarize the purpose of the study and how FEV went
about the study.

Other than the missing contextual material at the beginning, I largely think the report does a good job
distilling the virtually incomprehensible spreadsheets of detail into something more meaningful for an
average reader.

2b. Please comment on any editorial issues that should be addressed in the report, including any
comments on general organization, pagination, or grammar and wording.

FEV has identified six buckets of cost types (direct PT driven, indirect PT driven, cost driven [which does not
appear in the summary slides], mass driven, trim driven, and wash) for each of the five areas (powertrain,
body, chassis, thermal, electrical and misc.). I think there is a seventh cost bucket that refers to manufacturer
strategy—for example, performance-related costs are not inherent to the technology, and while they may
also feel like a "trim" cost, it is more indicative of a manufacturer's pricing strategy for its products.

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EPA Response: FEV, to level the playing field, categorizes all the components into the 5 buckets (Directly
PT related, Indirectly PT related, Trim Driven, Mass Driven and wash). Marketing strategy related costs
have been bucketed under trim driven costs.

Similarly, the variable costs related to minerals feels like an important answer to the question on cost
differences, and while it's plausible that VW has locked in certain pricing agreements with suppliers, those
are likely to be time-bound, and the role of any variability in those contracts is unclear from this report.

EPA Response: FEV uses publicly available pricing and supplier quotes for material pricing, and this is
generally an average over a period of time. These prices may vary and further change the cell pricing,
however for this study material forecasting is out of scope and a snapshot in time is used to cost the
NMC cells.

This would also encompass other variable costs identified by FEV like costs related to different levels of
vertical integration—for instance, FEV has identified cost markups to Tier 1 suppliers, but under different
levels of vertical integration such markups may not appear to the OEM, but such sensitivity cases do not
appear in any summary tables.

EPA Response: The cost roll ups of all the assembles have a T1 labor costs if the assembly is assumed to
be a T1 assembly. And these costs also include ethe T1 markups. A waterfall chart of all the cost roll ups
have been added to slide 152.

I appreciate the additional addendum on labor and think it should be incorporated into the main report to
help clarify the low/high assumptions currently assessed in the main report, which are insufficient for the
particular question. However, it is also unclear in the summary where the labor assembly costs are
considered (based on slide #17 they are incorporated throughout each subassembly?), so even if the
variability associated with labor costs is incorporated into the text, it isn't clear how these sensitivities would
be reflected in FEV's summary charts.

EPA Response: The Labor study stands alone and cannot be incorporated into the final roll ups of the
tear down study. The teardown study assumes parts are sourced from Tier 1, Tier 2s and some of the
assembles are done at OEM some at T1 and the labor costs involved in all of these have been accounted
for in the Direct manufacturing costs. A breakdown of FEVs costing methodology can be seen in the
appendix.

Minor typos, points of clarity, etc.:

• Slide #7: I believe FEV means to refer to VW's perspective, not Hyundai's

• Slide #12 and other similar slides: "Wash" here is a term of art that is never defined. This and the
previous two slides are critical summaries, so it is important that these slides in particular be
extremely readable to the layperson.

• Slide #12: Total delta goes below zero and says $10,805.1 instead of the $10,893 elsewhere.

EPA Response: FEV has updated all the required slides considering all the editorial comments by
reviewers. Any cost discrepancies noticed is addressed with a footnote on these slides.

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5,3 Comments Submitted by Mr. John German

5.3.1 General Comments
None provided.

5.3.2 Specific Comments

1. Methodology/Results:

Outline of boundary conditions and overall method (Slides 6-7) is reasonable. However, while the outline is
good, there is little detail on the methodology in the report, making it difficult to assess if there is any bias
introduced due to methodological issues.

EPA Response: Additional slides on step-by-step process of FEV's costing methodology is detailed in
Phase 1 Appendix.

The detailed data in the "BOM Tiguan" worksheet (in the spreadsheet) supports that FEV has carefully costed
a wide variety of factors. However, the spreadsheets also have very little discussion of data sources and how
the calculations are performed, making it difficult to assess if there is any bias introduced due to
methodological issues.

Previous studies by FEV have contained much more discussion of methods and data sources.2 Based on my
prior work on and with these studies, FEV's methodology is generally reasonable and likely to yield accurate
results.

lb. Please identify any general flaws inherent in the scope of the study. Do you feel the results would
be altered if the scope were more limited or expanded? Please explain.

Major Recommendation (Slide 4 Objectives): The cost comparison should be between a BEV and a 48V P2
hybrid, not a conventional vehicle, as ICEs without a hybrid system will largely cease to exist by 2032 and
hybrids are more direct competitors to BEVs in the market. [More exploratory or dependent.]

2 For example, FEV's original report for EPA in 2009 included roughly 75 pages describing the methods and sources of
information, including 6 pages on labor cost, 6 pages on manufacturing overhead, and 7 pages on Tier 1/2/3 supplier
markups. FEV's second report for EPA in 2010 primarily referenced the detailed information in the pilot study, but still
included 3 pages of study methods and a page of manufacturing assumptions. FEV's Phase 1 report for ICCT's European
office in 2012 included 6 pages on an overview of the teardown cost analysis process, 3 pages on manufacturing
assumptions, 1 page on indirect cost multipliers, 4 pages on learning curve factors, and 2 pages on manufacturing
overhead: https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/FEV LDV%20EU%20Technology%20Cost%20Analvsis Phasel.pdf

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EPA Response: Although FEV has benchmarking data to this comparison, For this study, FEV was tasked
with comparing an ICV and a BEV.

Major Recommendation: Scope should ensure that differences in consumer features (e.g. travel assist, ACC,
Lane Assist, Emergency Assist, Front assist, moon roof, seat features) are excluded from the "should cost"
comparison. Note it would be OK to leave the "should cost" analysis as it is, as long as there is a followup
analysis that removes the costs associated with different consumer features. [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: Yes, any costs that are not driven by the shift in powertrain are categorized in either, Trim
driven, Mass Driven, or was categories. Any costs related to the differences in consumer features like all
the ADAS systems are categorized under wash as these could be in both vehicles independent on the
type of powertrain.

If this is not done, the report should at least state that consumer feature costs are included in the "should
cost" analyses that follow Slide 9 and affect the cost differential between the ID4 and Tiguan. Some
examples:

• SUMMARY section - Slide 9: Should discuss how differences between ID4 and Tiguan identified on
Slide 9 (e.g. travel assist, ACC, Lane Assist, Emergency Assist, Front assist, powertrain output) are
handled when computing "should cost".

EPA Response: Yes, any costs that are not driven by the shift in powertrain are categorized in either, Trim
driven, Mass Driven, or was categories. These are defined in slide 14. Any costs related to the differences
in consumer features like all the ADAS systems are categorized under wash as these could be in both
vehicles independent on the type of powertrain.

• Slide 25 states, "Roof delta: $367 (Trim Driven) as ID4 has a moon roof". This has nothing to do with
the difference in cost between conventional and battery vehicles and should be removed from the
comparison. Other examples: slide 36 includes spare tire for Tiguan but not for ID4; Slide 51
indicates ID4 "Front Seats are more expensive as it has multiple occupant features like massaging
seats. (Note this list is far from exhaustive.)

EPA Response: The moon roof is a consumer feature, all costs related to Moonroof are categorized under
trim driven costs.

Recommendation: It is less clear how to handle other differences, such as range and power, but report
should at least state if cost adjustments are made or not - and why.

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All cost and weight inputs in the spreadsheet are appropriate and all appropriate inputs are considered. The
same is generally true of the summaries in the powerpoint report, although in a few cases not all relevant
inputs are individually discussed in the report.

For example, the "primary exhaust module" cost of $653 on slide 116 for the Tiguan seems high. This is likely
because it includes the catalyst and oxygen sensor, even though these are not mentioned on slides 116 and
117 (the catalyst is not mentioned anywhere in the report). Recommendation: More detail is needed for the
"primary exhaust module" cost calculations on slides 116-117; as a minimum the report should include
catalyst and oxygen sensor cost breakouts. [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: Added a note:l-This includes cost for the catalytic converter including brick ($245)
and 02 sensors ($70*2) and rest of the cost comes from Acoustics control components. Note added
on slide 129.

I confirmed that the Tiguan spreadsheet includes the catalyst cost in the exhaust module. The "Exhaust"
category (AA45) includes "Emissions" sub-category (AA47); "Emissions" sub-category (E692) includes
"Catalytic Converter" sub-sub-category (E695).

However, note that while the inputs are appropriate (i.e. cover the relevant pieces of the vehicles), there is
little information on the sources of information. Thus, while the inputs are appropriate, it is not possible to
determine if the results are biased by the information sources.

This was also true for the Assembly Times Comparison section. The additional detail on assembly time is
welcome, but there is still no discussion of the sources of information.

EPA Response: Additional slides added to support assumptions and methodologies in estimating labor
time. Additional information can be found in slides 146 and 147.

The description of cost methods is also very limited. Even the Cost Methodology section in the Appendix
(Slides 142-145) is very brief. For example, the detailed calculation example (Slide 144) simply states, "Cost of
each process step is evaluated by considering cycle time, material, machine and labor rates." Cycle time is
reported, but there is no discussion of the sources for cycle time, material, and labor rates and material and
labor rates are not even presented. The parametric calculation example (Slide 145) simply states, "Cost of
each individual piece is evaluated based on benchmark project data (past projects)" and "Forming of
Injection molding components and assembly of all components is evaluated using detailed calculation
technique (cycle times)."

• The Excel spreadsheet has columns for direct cost assessments of material, labor, and

manufacturing overhead (MOH); and indirect costs assessments of end-item scrap, SG&A, profit,
and engineering, design, and testing. So, these factors were clearly analyzed by FEV - however

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no information (beyond the quotes in my previous paragraph) was presented on how these costs
were determined or the sources of information.

• For overall components for which I have some cost knowledge, such as engines, transmissions,
and batteries, FEV's overall cost estimates seem reasonable. This suggests that there may be no
or limited bias in FEV's results, but I cannot confirm this due to the lack of information on the
sources of information and cost methods.

• The Tiguan fuel tank cost of $409 (Slide 112) seems high. However, an OEM aftermarket fuel tank
costs about $1,200, which is within the rough rule of thumb that aftermarket parts are 2.5 to 3
times manufacturer cost.

EPA Response: The cost here also include the lines and plumbing that comes with the fuel tank module.
Slide Updated with additional details.

Recommendation: The report should discuss and clearly define sources for all costing items, including cycle
time, material, machine, and labor rates. [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: Additional slides on step-by-step process of FEV's costing methodology is detailed in
Phase 1 Appendix.

I saw no discussion of learning curves, economics of scale (beyond stating on Slide 6 that they did all of their
cost analyses based upon 300,000 units per year); or scaling parameters (beyond stating on slide 6, "Analysis
includes Direct & Indirect Mfg. Costs: Direct: Material, Labor and Manufacturing Overhead (MOH); Indirect:
End-Item Scrap, Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A), Profit, and Engineering, Design & Testing (ED&T)").

I read through all the column headings in the Excel spreadsheet and found columns for direct cost
assessments of material, labor, and manufacturing overhead (MOH); and indirect costs assessments of end-
item scrap, SG&A, profit, and engineering, design, and testing. But nothing on learning curves, scaling
parameters, and plant scaling (although FEV appears to have simply used a given 300,000 units per year plant
for both vehicles).

Recommendation: The report should discuss and clearly define sources for learning curves and indirect costs,
how learning curves were used (or not used), how indirect costs were calculated, and sources for labor rates
and material costs. [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: Additional slides on step-by-step process of FEV's costing methodology is detailed in
Phase 1 Appendix.

FEV's work is unique in its transparency, as it details and makes public every piece of cost and weight data.
However, that is not to say that it is easy to understand FEV's assessments. Indeed, the sheer complexity of

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the costing method makes it virtually impossible to follow in detail. This is made worse by the lack of
discussion of assumptions (see comments above and below). As a result, it is not possible for me to state
with certainty that the results are appropriate. I can say that FEV's method is the best and most transparent
one available and that I did not find any inappropriate results for the given scope, assumptions, and inputs.

2. Editorial content:

Overall comments:

• Results and conclusions are presented in sufficient detail and in different ways, which might
confuse the uninitiated but is good for readers familiar with the subject.

EPA Response: The summary roll ups have been updated.

• Teardown Process description for the battery pack (Slides 94-103) is very helpful.

• However, otherwise Process descriptions are lacking, especially discussion of data sources (see
previous comments in Sections lc, Id, and le).

• The one and only appendix in the body of the report is appropriate, but does not contain sufficient
detail (see previous comments in Section lc).

• Assembly Time Comparison: The level of cost detail is good. However, once again the discussion of
data sources is lacking (although ATC Slide 29 in the Appendix is helpful to help understand how
assembly time is calculated).

EPA Response: Additional slides added to support assumptions and methodologies in estimating labor

time. Additional information can be found in slides 146 and 147.

Recommendation: Assembly time is assessed only for the OEM, which means the more vertical integration
the higher the cost to the OEM. Need to add discussion of how assembly at the T1 supplier impacts the cost
that the T1 supplier charges the OEM. [Can be readily made.] Specifically, it is the total cost of OEM
assembly and purchase cost from T1 suppliers that matters, not just assembly cost.

EPA Response: The cost roll ups of all the assembles have a T1 labor costs if the assembly is assumed to

be a T1 assembly. And these costs also include the T1 markups. A waterfall chart of all the cost roll ups

have been added to slide 152.

Spreadsheet. I spent some time going through the Tiguan spreadsheet. Interpreting it was difficult, as there
is little definition of acronyms and no description of how to use and interpret the various parameters and
entries. Still, it has tantalizing clues. For example:

• "System Classification" worksheet contains a listing of all "categories", "subcategories", and
"subsubcategories", suggesting that a user should be able to dig down into very detailed teardown
data. But it doesn't describe how to use this system classification.

• "BOM Tiguan" worksheet presents mass and cost data for each component, including assessment of
supply chain, material specification and contribution, manufacturing process, and design and

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manufacturing attributes. "Unit cost" calculations include direct cost assessments of material, labor,
and MOH; and indirect cost assessments of end-item scrap, SG&A, profit, and engineering, design,
and testing. "Assembly Cost" calculations include assessments of labor cost and time for part
handling, tool acquisition and travel, secure, insertion, and verification.

• "Universal LOOKUP" worksheet has columns for "Manufacturing Structure ID" (l-K), "Basic Supply
Chain Information" (P-U), "Material Specifications and Supply Assessment" (W-Y), "Supporting
Picture Links" (AA-AC), and "Cost BOM Roll-ups" (AI-AK). I have no idea how these lookups work and
the spreadsheet doesn't offer any clues.

• The detailed data in "BOM Tiguan" worksheet supports that FEV has carefully costed a wide
variety of factors, they just have included very little discussion of data sources and how the
calculations are performed.

Recommendation (Slide 4 - Background). Should explain the advantages of the FEV approach. For example,
the 3rd bullet says, "Several cost analyses in the past few years have utilized supplier price quotes on
designated bills of materials as a methodology for estimating the increased cost of vehicle improvements". Is
this good/appropriate? Are there biases compared with a tear-down analysis? [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: These quotes from supplier does not provide enough information on cost break downs.
Hence it is essential for a bottom-up approach to component costs. Slide 4 has been updated to
summarize the purpose of the study and how FEV went about the study.

Major Recommendation: It would be very helpful to add a summary of the impact of weight on the ID4
cost. For example, Slides 34-36 show increased cost for suspension, wheels, and tires ($318), brakes ($205),
and frame and mounting ($275) on the ID4. This is mostly driven by the increased weight of the ID4. Other
parts of the report may also include component costs affected by the vehicle weight (e.g. instrument panel
cross beam on slide 47; ID4 bumper weight on slide 59). It would be helpful to clearly summarize how much
the increased weight of the ID4 affected cost, especially since these weight-associated costs (e.g.
suspension, brake, and frame) have often been ignored or haphazardly estimated and the "mass driven"
costs in FEV's report do not appear to be based on mass (see comments, below).

EPA Response: The cost associated with all the components that change to accommodate the increased
overall vehicle mass can be derived from system level slides. However, this is also pointed out in the
updated deck in slide 15. 64% of indirectly driven costs is driven by systems that change and become
heavier to accommodate the increased vehicle mass.

This is an important finding of this report. Note that the weight impacts of consumer features and trim
should be excluded from this summary, consistent with my comments/recommendations on Section lb,
above. [Can be readily made.]

Slide 12 - I found this slide difficult to follow.

• New terms are introduced that I do not understand (e.g. "Trim driven" and "Wash")

EPA Response: A definition slide is added that defines the buckets developed to comprehensively
understand the cost delta.

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I don't understand how "Mass driven" costs are lower for the ID4, when the ID4's higher weight is clearly
driving higher costs (e.g. Slide 35). See more detailed comment, below.

EPA Response: The report defines mass driven costs as any cost associated with OEMs intention of
weight reduction in their EV platform. Hence any change noticed between the two vehicles that's a
deliberate effort of weight reduction is categorized under Mass driven Costs. However, to avoid
confusion, the nomenclature has been changed to Mass reduction costs.

Slide 16 - I found this difficult to follow. The first note says "Classifications in black are "assembled" at the
OEM". There are both T1 and OEM in black, so it seems to be saying that T1 and OEM in black indicate who is
doing the sub-assembly. However, then the 2nd note states that OEM in red indicates that the OEM is doing
both assembly and sub-assembly.

EPA Response: Updated the slide with slides from the extended labor time study.

How is this different from OEM in black? Also, there is no information about where the lower case scenario
and higher case scenario assumptions came from, or how FEV made the choices for the FEV scenario.

Recommendation: Need to more clearly identify who is doing both sub-assembly and assembly. [Can be
readily made.]

Recommendation: Should say something about where lower case, higher case, and FEV assumptions came
from. [Can be readily made.]

Recommendation (Slides 16-17). Assembly cost per hour is not presented (although it could be calculated).
Should add a brief discussion of assembly cost per hour and how it is calculated. [Can be readily made.]

I note that Slide 29 in the Assembly Times Comparison may address this recommendation.

The front EDU (slide 81), rear EDU (slide 82), onboard charger (slide 89), DC-DC converter (slide 91), and
battery pack (slide 93) include detailed descriptions of the "Unit Cost Structure", which includes Material,
Labor, MOH, EIS, SG&S, Profit, and ED&T costs. This is welcome. Unfortunately, it is not presented for any
other component or system.

Recommendation: Similar breakout of the "Unit Cost Structure" should be made for other components. Or,
as a minimum, a clear explanation should be provided for why this has not been done for the other
components. [Can be readily made.]

EPA Response: One-Pagers are added to add another layer of detail to components that are specific to
Electrical Powertrain. This is to detail out all the characteristics, specs and visualize the cost drivers in the
technology shift. However, we've detailed all the specs & costs by sub-system in Engine sections slide 78.

"Mass Driven" costs. I have some examples (above and in 2b, below) of "mass driven" costs that don't seem
to have anything to do with the mass of the two vehicles. Also, the "conclusion" (slide 140) says the total
"mass driven" costs are a $394 cost reduction on the ID4. This makes no sense, given the much higher weight
of the ID4 and the numerous components that must be heavier and more costly to cope with the increased
weight.

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Recommendation: Report needs to clearly define what is meant by all of the "cost delta" categories (directly
PT driven, indirectly PT driven, mass driven, cost driven, trim driven, and wash) and how they are used and
calculated.

EPA Response: A definition slide is added that defines the buckets developed to comprehensively
understand the cost delta.

Recommendation: Report should assign higher costs for components such as suspension, brake, and frame
to "mass driven", not other categories.

Assembly Times Comparison (slides in this section are referenced as "ATC Slide X" - references to slides in
original report are just presented as "Slide X")

• ATC Slide 4: Are the "low vertical integration", "moderate vertical integration", and "high vertical
integration" here the same as the "lower case scenario", "higher case scenario", and "FEV" on slide
16?

¦ If so, terms should be standardized and the sections merged.

¦ If not, a similar explanation should be added for Slide 16.

2b. Please comment on any editorial issues that should be addressed in the report, including any
comments on general organization, pagination, or grammar and wording.

Overall: general organization and pagination are good. Grammar and wording are generally good. However, I
have a lot of comments, as follows, about clarity and cost accuracy.

• Need to add a unit to all the mass deltas (e.g. kg or pounds?) - many slides.

• Slide 7 - should explain what "Add-on cost" is (and why it doesn't appear in the table on Slide 7 or
the discussion on Slide 6?)

• Slide 10 -TIMC and TDMC are not defined - and the legend is in different order for ID4 and Tiguan.

• Slides 14/15-Text is too small

• Slide 19 presents 5-Level product classification cost summaries for the ID4 - might be helpful to also
summarize for Tiguan.

• Slide 21 (Tiguan) says "Front Strut type suspension" and Slide 22 (ID4) says "Front McPherson"
suspension. I believe these are the same and the same nomenclature should be used.

• Slides 21 and 22 present body-in-white weights, but Slide 24 breaks out body weight differently. Slide
24 should indicate how BIW weight factors into total body weight.

• Slides 25 and 26 and 47 - not clear if "Cost delta" is ID4 minus Tiguan or Tiguan minus ID4. (Similar
issue on some other slides.)

• Slides 28 and 29 do not state that slide 28 is the Tiguan and slide 29 is the ID4.

• "Wash" is used on many of the slides - I do not know what this means.

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EPA Response: A definition slide is added that defines the buckets developed to comprehensively

understand the cost delta.

• Slide 30 presents some individual costs (e.g. engine and transmission) that are not presented on
Slides 28 and 29 (e.g. only engine+transmission cost is presented).

• Slide 39 under "Mass Driven" lists "Tire repair kit". As this section is on Thermal analysis, I suspect
this is included in error. Similar extraneous components are listed on other "Cost Delta" slides.

• Slide 72 is supposed to be about driveline costs, but it inappropriately includes rear seat costs. The
"Cost Analysis" says "Driveline" and the graph shows driveline costs. However, the title says "A $91
delta is observed in body interior majority of which is driven by the rear seats in Tiguan which are
offset by trim level sub-subsytems of ID4" and the "Cost Delta" includes this body interior delta.

• Some "System Specification" slides use parentheses for negative mass and cost (e.g. slide 70) and
some use minus signs (e.g. slide 73). Should be consistent.

• The "Driveunit" section (slides 78-85) has many seemingly contradictory costs. Examples:

o Slide 78:

¦ Graph shows emotor total cost of $1,077, but "remarks" says front emotor costs $400
and rear emotor costs $514, for a total of only $914.

¦ Inverter costs in remarks (front $557 and rear $548) do add up to graph total of $1,107.

¦ Gear box costs in remarks (front $142 and rear $330) add up to $472, but graph says
$379.

• Slide 85: front ($143) and rear ($229) gear box costs add up to $372 - different from
both gear box costs on slide 78

o Slide 78 shows total drive unit cost of $2,772, but slides 81 ($1,093 for front EDU) and 82
($1,354 for rear EDU) only add up to $2,447.

• More contradictory costs: Slide 87 graph shows HV battery costs $10,956, Slide 88 "cost delta" shows
$10,807. (On-board charger cost of $625, DC-DC converter cost of $275, and external charger device
cost of $223 are the same on slides 87 and 88.)

o Slide 89 "unit cost structure" cost for on-board charger is $590, less than the $625 on slides
87, 88, and 90

o Slide 91 "unit cost structure" cost for DC-DC converter is $261, less than the $275 on slides
87, 88, and 92

o Slide 93 "unit cost structure" cost for battery pack is $10,956, the same as on Slide 87 graph
and on Slide 95, but more than the Slide 88 "cost delta" of $10,807.

Note that I did not check most sections for contradictory costs, so there are likely to be a lot more.

• Brake costs:

o Slide 119 graph shows foundation brakes cost $79 more on ID4, but "remarks" says only $29.

o Also, "cost delta" has an $88 "trim driven" cost increase for the ID4, but nothing else on
slides 119-122 support this or mentions anything trim driven.

• Suspension: Slide 124 graph shows ID4 "primary structure" costs are $127 higher and "springs and
dampening" costs are $45 higher, plus "remarks" says ID4 front suspension is heavier and $30 higher

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cost (no cost presented in remarks for rear suspension). However, "cost delta" says "mass driven"
costs are $54 lower on the ID4 - nothing on slides 124-126 address this discrepancy.

• Steering: No information is presented on steering (mentioned on outline in slide 127).

• Frame and mounting: Slide 129 says the ID4 frame costs $310 more, but "cost delta" assigns all of
this to "Indirectly PT driven", not "mass driven". As discussed in sections lc and 2, above, higher
frame costs are driven by the higher mass of the ID4 and should be categorized as such.

• Slide 135 shows that FEV assigned no cost to air conditioning lines ("pipes[tubes]hoses") or "heat
exchanger - refrigerator to air" for the ID4, compared with $53 and $45, respectively, for the Tiguan.
A footnote says "Radiator in ID4 binned under Coolant Circuit for E-Powertrain", but no explanation
is given for zero line costs on the ID4.

• Assembly Times Comparison (slides in this section are referenced as "ATC Slide X" - references to
slides in original report are just presented as "Slide X")

o ATC Slide 5 states, "Low/moderate integration lowers assembly time by 1.5-5 hrs, while high
integration increases it by 11 hrs". Slide needs to state that deltas are Tiguan minus ID4.

o Most ATC slides use the term "assembly time", but ATC Slide 8 says "labor time". Should be
consistent.

o ATC Slide 10 says for 3 assemblies (Cylinder head, crank drive, and cylinder block) under the
"Low" scenario that the "Assy Time" is "Tl" but "Assy Costs" is "OEM". How can cost be OEM
if the supplier is doing the assembly?

o ATC Slide 10 versus ATC Slide 11:

¦ The assembly hours for low and high scenarios are the same, but the costs are not.

¦ The assembly hours for the moderate scenario are 4.5 hrs on Slide 10 but 2.5 hrs on
Slide 11.

o ATC Slide 14: Title says total assembly time for Tiguan is ~6.7 hours, but the hours in the
graph and the table are quite different.

EPA Response: FEV has updated all the required slides considering all the editorial comments by

reviewers. Any cost discrepancies noticed is addressed with a footnote on these slides.

5.4 Comments Submitted by Dr. Noshin Omar

5.4.1 General Comments

None provided.

5.4.2 Specific Comments

3. Methodology/Results:

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The proposed study and methodology is dealing with the cost and technology evaluation of conventional and
electric vehicles based on same vehicle segmentation. In addition, the analysis is based on 2 vehicles from
same OEM.

The study is based on large numbers of critical assumptions, which have a high impact on the cost and time
of vehicle assemble and the key are:

• No tooling amortization included in analysis for custom value-add components
EPA Response: These are accounted in the RPE factor as defined in slide 6.

• No packaging (and/or returnable dunnage) costs are included in the analysis
EPA Response: These are accounted in the RPE factor as defined in slide 6.

• No shipping costs (to Vehicle OEM) included in the cost assessment
EPA Response: These are accounted in the RPE factor as defined in slide 6.

Those points are key and they had to be considered in anyway because they have a high impact between
conventional and electric vehicles. This is a clear drawback.

lb. Please identify any general flaws inherent in the scope of the study. Do you feel the results would
be altered if the scope were more limited or expanded? Please explain.

The overall project methodology is structured in a good way and presented, properly. In particular the
mechanical part of the analysis is well presented. However, thermal and electrical parts are considered in a
generic way. In particular the battery pack that is considered as a key system in the vehicle, is not considered
according to the industry methodologies and investigations. The analysis could be more detailed. Some
parameters have been indicated with wrong units such as Energy Density of Cathode Powder - mAh/g. This is
unit is representing specific capacity and not energy density. This is lack of knowledge in the field. Then, the
battery material to pack cost analysis is lacking detailed information and this is a clear drawback.

The study is clearly not covering all appropriate inputs. In particular the powertrain, the overall vehicle
control from the cost point of view is not covered, properly.

Reviewer Clarification: OVERALL VEHICLE CONTROL (mechanically, electrically, electronically, thermally
and safety).

Finally, the thermal part needs more detailed information and analysis and in particular regarding safety
components and control.

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The considered assumptions in the report are reasonable when it comes to cost and performances and this in
the defined scope. However, there are number of parameters that had to be included in terms of the overall
vehicle control, safety of the vehicle (active and passive) and thermal parts that have a high impact on the
performances. The report is good to make a first assessment but not the detailed one.

Reviewer Clarification: active and passive safety of the mechanical, thermal, electronical and electrical
parts.

The results are in agreement with the defined scope and assumptions. The safety analysis and thermal could
be elaborated in a better way.

2. Editorial content:

The report is offering sufficient details to understand the process and conclusions. However, there are some
parameters and units that do not match and in particular in the battery section.

2b. Please comment on any editorial issues that should be addressed in the report, including any
comments on general organization, pagination, or grammar and wording.

The overall report is good and the structure is appropriate.

EPA Response: FEV has updated all the required slides considering all the editorial comments by
reviewers. Any cost discrepancies noticed is addressed with a footnote on these slides.

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APPENDIX A

Resumes of Selected Reviewers

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Thomas H. Bradley, Ph.D.

Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering Department Head of Systems Engineering

Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO 80523

EDUCATION

Doctor of Philosophy, Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008
Academic Advisors: David E. Parekh (ME), Thomas F. Fuller (ChBE), Dimitri N. Mavris (AE)

Master of Science, Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 2003
Academic Advisor: Andrew A. Frank (MAE)

Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 2000

PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS

7/19-present Woodward Endowed Professor of Systems Engineering Head of Systems Engineering
Department, Walter Scott, Jr., College of Engineering, Colorado State University

Served as Woodward Foundation Endowed Professor and Department Head for the
newest department at Colorado State University. Grew student enrollments and
revenues at >20% per year, hired 5 TT faculty and 4 CCA faculty, directed 14 faculty and
5 staff, grew the Department to be the largest PhD program at CSU, and the largest
civilian systems engineering graduate program in the US.

7/19-present Full Professor, Department of Systems Engineering Affiliate Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University

• Research on energy, environmental, economic and policy engineering

associated with the integration of new and advanced technologies in fields such as
Automotive Engineering, Energy Systems, and Aerospace Systems. Development of
advanced system design tools with experimental validation to advance the state of
the art in practical, demonstrable systems.

• Authored or coauthored 80+ peer reviewed archival papers, including seminal
contributions in the design and development of plug in hybrid electric vehicles, fuel
cell powerplants for aircraft, and the lifecycle assessment of biofuels. Active
member of the academic community as author of ~125 conference publications and
academic reports.

• Served as PI for $9.7M of external funding, with $24M in total awards (Co-PI
and internal funding) since 8/2008. Core research support is from US Department
of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the automotive industry with
additional support from other industry, Department of Defense, and non-profit
consortia. PI, and Director for the CSU/USDOE/ARRA Vehicle Electrification
Education and EcoCAR Programs, a suite of research-integrated education
programs that perform undergraduate and post graduate education, secondary
school curriculum development, and technician and first responder training, in the
subjects of hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles.

• Taught a full load of courses in the subjects of systems engineering, system
dynamics, energy storage and automotive engineering. Developed completely new
courses in Systems Requirements Engineering, System Dynamics, Design of Energy

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Storage Systems for Vehicles, Transportation Electrification, Computational HEV
Design, HEV Powertrains, Renewable Energy Systems, Modeling Simulation and
Experimentation, Systems Architecture, Leadership and Innovation in Systems
Engineering, and Systems Engineering Research Methods.

• Service to academic and local community through conference organization,
committee membership, and extensive public outreach.

• Enabled, incented, and mentored for faculty and staff development within and
across departments, colleges, CSU, and other Universities.

• Graduated 15 PhD students and 32 MS students. Supervised 6 post-doctoral
scholars. Currently advising 15 graduate students.

7/15-7/19 Associate Director of Systems Engineering, a cross-college program of the College of
Engineering offering graduate degrees and certificates in modern Systems Engineering
theory and practice. Grew program revenues and enrollment at >20%/yr, hired 6 tenure
track (TT), 2 non-TT faculty, and 1 Admin Pro. to the program, and started a new CSU-
system-wide professional degree type (the Professional Doctorate, D. Engr.)

7/13-7/19 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University

8/18-4/19 Resident Researcher, Electric Power Research Institute Contributed to updates to
REGEN II, EV cost of manufacturing modeling, and technical insights.

8/08-7/13 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University

(Granted early tenure and promotion)

8/04-12/08 Graduate Research Assistant, Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of
Mechanical Engineering and Georgia Tech Research Institute. Developed
multidisciplinary tools for analysis, design and optimization of long-endurance fuel cell
powered aircraft. Validated design methodology and tools through construction of the
largest compressed hydrogen fuel cell aircraft developed to date. Designed, constructed
and tested PEM fuel cells for aircraft application and published seminal results regarding
fuel cell design tradeoffs for the aircraft powerplant application. Non-thesis research
includes development of numerical optimization scheme for feed-forward control of
flexible systems with non-linearities, modeling and control of plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles, and physics-based propeller modeling with application to advanced design of
unmanned aerial vehicles.

11/02-3/07 Independent Contractor. Performed engineering analysis and system design for plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles under contract to the Electric Transportation Division of the
Electric Power Research Institute in Palo Alto, CA. Performed confidential dynamic
simulation, control system design and fuel economy analysis for Ford Think Research
group regarding prototype Ford Escape hybrid vehicle. Worked with DaimlerChrysler
KEN (Low Emissions Vehicle Group, Mannheim, Germany) to simulate, design, specify,
and bring to production a proof-of-concept plug-in hybrid electric medium-duty truck.
Partnered with DC engineers in Mannheim and EPRI engineers to design vehicle control
algorithms and specify powertrain and energy system components. Contract Manager:
Dr. Mark Duvall (Electric Power Research Institute)

6/00-11/02 Graduate Research Assistant, University of California at Davis, Department of

Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering. Mechanical group leader of DARPA funded
project to design and evaluate a prototype medium-duty automotive chain Continuously
Variable Transmission (CVT). Performed mechanical and electrical design, construction,

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optimization, testing and evaluation of two design generations of a 240 Nm torque
capacity custom servo-hydraulic controlled CVT. Mechanical group leader for design and
construction of test stands designed to facilitate CVT controls development under
contract to Visteon Corp. Wrote proposal, designed and conducted experiments to
experimentally verify dynamic system response of servo-hydraulic CVT under contract to
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Developed a multi-body model of CVT chain and friction
dynamics in satisfaction of the requirements for Master of Science degree.

ARCHIVAL PUBLICATIONS

1. Rabinowitz, A., Smart, J., Coburn, T., and Bradley, T.H., "Assessment of Factors in the Reduction of
BEV Operational Inconvenience," IEEE Access, 2023

2. Trinko, D., Horesh, N., Porter, E., Dunkley, J., Miller, E., and Bradley, T.H., "Transportation and
electricity systems integration via electric vehicle charging-as-a-service: a review of techno-
economic and societal benefits," Sustainable and Renewable Energy Reviews, 2023

3. Birch, D., Narsinghani, J., Herber, D., and Bradley, T.H., "Human Factors Hazard Modeling in the
Systems Modeling Language," Systems Engineering, 2023, SYS-21-126

4. Ault, T., Bradley, T.H., "Risk-based approach for managing obsolescence for automation systems in
heavy industries." Systems Engineering, 2022, 10.1002/sys.21635.

5. Younse, P., Cameron, J., Bradley, T.H. "Comparative Analysis of Model-based and Traditional
Systems Engineering Approaches for Simulating a Robotic Space System Architecture through
Automatic Knowledge Processing", Systems Engineering, 2022, 1-27.

6. Trinko, D., Horesh, N., Zane, R., Song, Z., Kamineni, A., Konstantinou, T., Gkritza, K., Quinn, C.,
Bradley, T.H., Quinn, J., "Economic Feasibility of In-Motion Wireless Power Transfer In A High-
Density Traffic Corridor," eTransportation, 2022, 100154.

7. Sommers, M., Batan, L., Al-Alawi, B., Bradley, T.H., "A Colorado-specific life cycle assessment model
to support evaluation of low-carbon transportation fuels and policy," Environmental Research:
Infrastructure and Sustainability, 2022, 2 (1), 011001.

8. Robbins, C.A., Du. X., Bradley, T.H., Quinn, J.C., Bandhauer, T.M., Conrad, S.A., Carlson, K.H., Tong,
T., "Beyond treatment technology: Understanding motivations and barriers for wastewater
treatment and reuse in unconventional energy production," Resources, Conservation and Recycling
178, 106036, 2022.

9. Rabinowitz, A., Motellebi-Araghi, F,. Gaikwad, T., Asher, Z., and Bradley, T.H., "Development and
Evaluation of Velocity Predictive Optimal Energy Management Strategies in Intelligent and
Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, 2021, 14(18), 5713.

10. Trinko, D,. Porter, E., Dunkley, J., Bradley, T., Coburn, T., "Combining Ad Hoc Text Mining and
Descriptive Analytics to Investigate Public EV Charging Prices in the United States," Energies, 2021,
14(17), 5240.

11. Younse, P., Cameron, J., Bradley, T.H. "Comparative Analysis of Model-based and Traditional
Systems Engineering Approaches for Architecting a Robotic Space System through Automatic
information transfer", IEEE Access, 2021, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3096468.

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12. Lunsford, I., and Bradley, T.H., " Evaluation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Tactics through Metrics of
Survivability/' Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211031672

13. Younse, P., Cameron, J., Bradley, T.H. "Comparative Analysis of an MBSE Approach to a Traditional
SE Approach for Architecting a Robotic Space System through Knowledge Categorization", Systems
Engineering, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.21573.

14. Roberts, C.J., Burke J.C., Benson, M.H., Lubelczyk, J.T., Bradley, T.H., Heckler, G.W., Hudiburg, J.J.,
"An Evaluation of Timely Communications Access Methods Using NASA Space Network, AIAA Journal
of Aerospace Information Systems, 2021, https://doi.Org/10.2514/l.l010897.

15. Coburn, T., Bradley, T.H., Kutcher, C., "Perspectives on Expanding EV Charging Infrastructure in the
United States," The Energy Journal 30, 5-8, 2021.

16. Baral, N., Asher, Z,. Trinko, D., Sproul, E., Quiroz-Arita, C., Quinn, J.C., and Bradley, T.H., "Biomass
feedstock transport using fuel cell and battery electric trucks improves lifecycle metrics of biofuel
sustainability and economy", Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 279, 123593, 2021.

17. Kukkala, V., Pasricha, S., and Bradley, T.H., "SEDAN: Security-Aware Design of Time-Critical
Automotive Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 9017-
9030, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.2999533.

18. Quiroz-Arita, C., Blaylock, M.L, Gharagozloo, P.E., Bark, D., Dasi, L. P., Bradley, T.H., "Pilot-scale
open-channel raceways and flat-panel photobioreactors maintain well-mixed conditions under a
wide range of mixing energy inputs," Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Volume 117, Issue 4, April
2020 Pages 959-969.

19. Asher, Z., Trinko, D., Payne, J., Geller, B., Bradley, T.H., "Real Time Implementation of Optimal
Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Globally Optimal Control of Acceleration Events,"
ASME Journal of Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 142(8) February 2020.

20. Kurtz, J., Sprik, S., Peters, M., Bradley, T.H., "Retail Hydrogen Station Reliability Status and
Advances," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 10682, 2020.

21. Baral, N., Neupane, P., Ale, B., Quiroz Arita, C., Manandhar, S., Bradley, T.H., "Stochastic economic
and environmental footprints of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas Linnaeus in the different
federal states of Nepal," Sustainable and Renewable Energy Reviews, Volume 120, March 2020,
109619.

22. Kurtz, J., Winkler, E., Gearhart, C., and Bradley, T.H., "Predicting Demand for Hydrogen Station
Fueling," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(56) Pages 32298-32310, 2020,
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.014

23. Asher, Z., Patil, A., Wifvat, V., Samuelsen, S., Frank, A.A., Bradley, T.H., " Identification and Review of
the Research Gaps Preventing a Realization of Optimal Energy Management Strategies in Vehicles,"
SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 8(2):2019.

24. Kukkala, V., Pasricha, S., and Bradley, T.H., "JAMS-SG: A framework for jitter-aware message
scheduling for time-triggered automotive networks," ACM Transactions on Design Automation of

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Electronic Systems (TODAES) Volume 24 Issue 6, September 2019 Article No. 63, doi:
10.1145/3355392.

25. Kurtz, J., Sprik, S., and Bradley, T. H. "Review of transportation hydrogen infrastructure performance
and reliability" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Volume 44, Issue 23, 3 May 2019, Pages
12010-12023

26. Quiroz-Arita, C., Sheehan, J., Hughes, A., Hodgson, B., Peers, G,. Sharvelle, S., and Bradley, T.H., "A
Cyanobacterial Sidestream Nutrient Removal Process and its Life Cycle Implications," BioEnergy
Research, 2019, 12, pages 217-228.

27. Baral, N., Davis, R,. and Bradley, T.H., "Supply and value chain analysis of mixed biomass feedstock
supply system for lignocellulosic sugar production," Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 2019,
Volumel3, Issue3 May/June 2019 Pages 635-659.

28. Baral, N., Quiroz-Arita, C., and Bradley, T.H., " Probabilistic Lifecycle Assessment of Butanol
Production from Corn Stover Using Different Pretreatment Methods," Environmental Science and
Technology, 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05176.

29. Limb, B., Asher, Z., Bradley, T.H., Sproul, E., Trinko, D., Crabb, B., Zane, R., and Quinn, J., "Economic
Viability and Environmental Impact of In-Motion Wireless Power Transfer," IEEE Transactions on
Vehicle Electrification, 2019, 5(1).

30. Borky, J. M., and Bradley, T.H., Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering, Springer Verlag, 2019,
https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319956688

31. Steven J. Davis, Nathan S. Lewis, Matthew Shaner, Sonia Aggarwal, Doug Arent, Ines L. Azevedo,

Sally M. Benson, Thomas Bradley, Jack Brouwer, Yet-Ming Chiang, Christopher T. M. Clack, Armond
Cohen, Stephen Doig, Jae Edmonds, Paul Fennell, Christopher B. Field, Bryan Hannegan, Bri Mathias
Hodge, Martin I. Hoffert, Eric Ingersoll, Paulina Jaramillo, Klaus S. Lackner, Lee R. Lynd, Katharine J.
Mach, Michael Mastrandrea, Joan Ogden, Per F. Peterson, Daniel L. Sanchez, Daniel Sperling, Joseph
Stagner, Jessika E. Trancik, Chi-Jen Yang, and Ken Caldeira, "Providing energy services without net
addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere," Science, 360(6396) 2018.

32. Bucher, J.D., and Bradley, T.H., "Modeling Operating Modes, Energy Consumptions, and
Infrastructure Requirements of Fuel Cell Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Longitudinal
Geographical Transportation Data," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.159, 2018.

33. Asher, Z., Trinko, D., and Bradley, T.H., "Increasing the Fuel Economy of Connected and
Autonomous Lithium-Ion Electrified Vehicles," in Behaviour of Lithium-Ion batteries in Electric
Vehicles, Editors: Pistoia, G., Liaw, B., Springer, 2018.

34. Decker, T., Baumgardner, M., Prapas, J., Bradley, T.H. "A Mixed Computational and Experimental
Approach to Improved Biogas Burner Flame Port Design," Energy for Sustainable Development,
Volume 44, June 2018, Pages 37-46.

35. Vore, S., Kosowski, M., Reid, M.L., Wilkins, Z., and Bradley, T.H., "Measurement of Medium-duty
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle fuel economy sensitivity to ambient temperature," IEEE Transactions
on Vehicle Electrification, 2018, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, ppl84-189.

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36. Kukkala, V.K., Tunnel, J., Pasricha, S., and and Bradley, T.H., "A Survey of Advanced Driver Assistance
Systems and Current Challenges/' IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Volume: 7, Issue: 5, Sept.
2018.

37. Baral, N., Quiroz-Arita, C., and Bradley, T.H., " Uncertainties in Corn Stover Feedstock Supply
Logistics Cost and Life-cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Butanol ProductionApplied Energy,
Volume 208, 15 December 2017, Pages 1343-1356.

38. Asher, Z., Baker, D., and Bradley, T.H. " Prediction Error Applied to Hybrid Electric Vehicle Optimal
Fuel Economy," IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, doi: 10.1109/TCST.2017.2747502,
2017.

39. Quiroz-Arita, C., Sheehan, J., and Bradley, T.H. " Life cycle net energy and greenhouse gas emissions
of photosynthetic cyanobacterial biorefineries: Challenges for industrial production of biofuels,"
Algal Research, Sustainability Special Issue, Volume 26, September 2017, Pages 445-452

40. Duthu, R., and Bradley, T.H., "A Life-Cycle Comparison of Trucking and Pipeline Water Delivery
Systems for Hydraulically Fractured Oil Field Development," PLOS One, 2017, 12(7), e0180587

41. Borlase, S., Behboodi, S., Bradley, T.H., Brandao, M., Chassin, D., Eslin, J., McCarthy, C., "Smart
Energy Resources: Supply and Demand", In: Stuart Borlase, Ed. Smart Grids: Infrastructure,
Technology, and Solutions 2nd Ed., CRC Press, 2017.

42. Singh, H., and Bradley, T.H., Pasricha, S. "Application of Systems Theoretic Process Analysis to a Lane
Keeping Assist System", Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety, 2017, 177-183.

43. Quiroz Arita, C., Yilmaz, O., Barlak, S., Catton, K.B., Quinn, J.C., and Bradley, T.H., "A Geographical
Assessment of Vegetation Carbon Stocks and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Potential Microalgae-
based Biofuel Facilities in the United States," Bioresource Technology 221 (2016) pp 270-275.

44. Batan, L. Y., Graff, G. D., and Bradley, T. H. (2016). "Techno-economic and Monte Carlo Probabilistic
Analysis of Microalgae Biofuel Production System," Bioresource Technology 219 (2016) pp 45-52.

45. Bradley, T.H., and Melby, C.L, "Discussion: "Temperature of Food and Drink Intake Matters" (,ASME
J. Energy Resour. Technol., 138(5), 054701)" ASME Journal of Energy Resource Technology, 2016,
Vol. 139, 015501.

46. Nataf, K., and Bradley, T.H., "An Economic Comparison of Battery Energy Storage to Conventional
Energy Efficiency Technologies in Colorado Manufacturing Facilities," Applied Energy, Volume 164,
15 February 2016, Pages 133-139.

47. Bell, C., Zimmerle, D., Bradley, T.H., Olsen, D., and Young, P. "Scalable turbocharger performance
maps for dynamic state-based engine models," International Journal of Engine Research, September
2016 vol. 17 no. 7 Pages 705-712.

48. Malakoutirad, M., Hagen, C., and Bradley, T.H. "Design Considerations for an Engine-integral
Reciprocating Natural Gas Compressor," Applied Energy 2015, Volume 156, Pages 129-137.

49. Duthu, R., and Bradley, T.H. "An Evaluation of Customer-Optimized Distributed Generation in New
England Utility and Real-Time Markets" The Electricity Journal. Volume 28, Issue 3, April 2015, Pages
70-85.

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50. Geller, B., and Bradley, T.H., "Analyzing Drive Cycles for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Simulation and
Optimization" ASME Journal of Mechanical Design 2015; 137(4):041401-041401-14.

51. Quiroz Arita, C., Peebles, C., and Bradley, T.H., "Scalability of combining microalgae-based biofuels
with wastewater facilities: A review/' Algal Research 9 (2015) 160-169.

52. Kambly, K., and Bradley, T.H. "Geographical and Temporal Differences in Electric Vehicle Range due
to Cabin Conditioning Energy Consumption/' Journal of Power Sources (2015), pp. 468-475.

53. Quinn, J.C., Hanif, A., Sharvelle S., and Bradley, T.H., "Microalgae to Biofuels: Life Cycle Impacts of
Methane Production of Anaerobically Digested Lipid Extracted Algae/' Bioresource Technology,
Volume 171, November 2014, Pages 37-43.

54. Salisbury, S., Smart, J., and Bradley, T.H. "Actual Versus Estimated Utility Factor of a Large Set of
Privately Owned Chevrolet Volts," SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, May 2014,
2014-01-1803.

55. Kambly, K., and Bradley, T.H., " Estimating the HVAC Energy Consumption of Plug-in Electric
Vehicles," Journal of Power Sources 259 (2014) 117-124.

56. Duthu, R., Zimmerle, D., Callahan, M., and Bradley, T.H. " Evaluation of Existing Customer-owned,
On-site Distributed Generation Business Models," The Electricity Journal, Volume 27, Issue 1
(January - February, 2014), Pages 42-52.

57. Al-Alawi BM, and Bradley TH. "Analysis of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Regulation Compliance
Scenarios Inclusive of Plug in Hybrid VehiclesApplied Energy, Volume 113, January 2014, Pages
1323-1337.

58. Campbell, T., and Bradley, TH. "A model of the effects of automatic generation control signal
characteristics on energy storage system reliability," Journal of Power Sources, Volume 247, 1
February 2014, Pages 594-604.

59. Stanton, K., and Bradley TH." From Course Assessment to Redesign: A Hybrid Vehicle Course as a
Case Illustration," European Journal of Engineering Education, 2013, Vol. 38, No. 6, Pages 687-699.

60. Al-Alawi, BM, and Bradley TH. "Total cost of ownership, payback, and consumer preference
modeling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles." Applied Energy Volume 103, March 2013, Pages 488—
506

61. Quinn, J., Catton, K.B., Johnson, S., and Bradley, T.H., "Geographical Assessment of Microalgae
Biofuels Potential Incorporating Resource Availability" Bioenergy Research, 2013 June 2013, Volume
6, Issue 2, pp. 591-600.

62. Al-Alawi, B., and Bradley, T.H., "Review of Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid, and Electric Vehicle Market
Modeling Studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 21, May 2013, Pages 190—
203

63. Batan, L., Quinn, J., and Bradley, T.H., "Analysis of water footprint of a photobioreactor microalgae
biofuel production system from blue, green and lifecycle perspectives," Algal Research 2(2013),
Pages 196-203

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64. Davis, B.M., and Bradley, T.H., "The Efficacy of Electric Vehicle Time-of-Use Rates in Guiding Plug-in
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior/' IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, Vol. 3, No. 4,
Pages 1679-86.

65. Renquist, J.V., Dickman, B., and Bradley, T.H., "Economic analysis of fuel cell powered materials
handling equipment/' International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 37, Issue 17, September
2012, Pages 12054-12059.

66. Geller, B., and Bradley, T.H., "Quantifying Uncertainty in Vehicle Simulation Studies/' SAE
International Journal Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 5(1):2012

67. Quinn, J., Yates, T., Douglas, N., Butler, J., Bradley, T.H., and Lammers, P., "Nannochloropsis
Production Metrics in a Scalable Outdoor Photobioreactor for Commercial Applications,"

Bioresource Technology, Volume 117, August 2012, Pages 164-171.

68. Quinn, C., Zimmerle, D., and Bradley, T.H., "I mpact of Electric Vehicle on Smart Grids", In: Stuart
Borlase, Ed. Smart Grids: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions, CRC Press, 2012.

69. Quinn, J., Turner, C., and Bradley, T.H., "Scale-up of Flat-plate Photobioreactors Considering Diffuse
and Direct Light Characteristics," Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2012) Volume 109, Issue 2,
pages 363-370.

70. Quinn, J., Catton, K., Wagner, N., and Bradley, T.H., "Current US Biofuel Potential from Microalgae
Cultivated in Large-Scale Photobioreactors," Bioenergy Research, 2012, 5(1) 49-60

71. Quinn, C., Zimmerle, D., and Bradley, T.H., "An evaluation of state-of-charge limitations and
actuation signal energy content on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle vehicle-to-grid reliability and
economics," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid - Special Issue on Transportation Electrification and
Vehicle-to-Grid Applications, 2012, 3(1) 483 -491.

72. Fagerstone, K., Quinn, J., Bradley, T.H., Marchese, A. "Quantitative Measurement of Direct Nitrous
Oxide Emissions from Microalgae Cultivation" Environmental Science and Technology, 2011, 45 (21),
pp 9449-9456.

73. Wood, E., and Bradley, T.H., "Investigation of Battery End- of- Life Conditions for Plug- in Hybrid
Electric Vehicles," Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 5147-5154

74. Quinn, J., DeWinter, L., and Bradley, T.H., "Microalgae Bulk Growth Model with Application to
Industrial Scale Systems," Bioresource Technology 102 (2011) 5083-5092.

75. Batan, L., Quinn, J., Willson, B., and Bradley, T.H." Net energy and greenhouse gas emissions
evaluation of biodiesel derived from microalgae," Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 44
(20), pp 7975-7980.

76. Bradley, T.H. and Quinn, C.W., "Analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle utility factors," Journal of
Power Sources, Volume 195, Issue 16, 2010, Pages 5399-5408.

77. Quinn, C., Zimmerle, D., and Bradley, T.H., "The Effects of Aggregation on the Near-Term Economics
and Scalability of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Grid Charging," Journal of Power Sources, Volume
195, Issue 5, 1 March 2010, Pages 1500-1509.

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78. Geller, B., Quinn, C., and Bradley, T.H., "Design and Demonstrations of Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicles/' in G. Pistoia, Editor, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles : Power Sources, Models, Sustainability,
Infrastructure and the Market, Elsevier, 2010.

79. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B.A., Fuller, T.F., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Comparison of Design
Methods for Fuel Cell Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Volume 46,
Number 6, 2009.

80. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B.A., Fuller, T.F., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Hardware in the Loop
Performance Simulation for a Fuel Cell Unmanned Aerial Vehicle," AIAA Journal of Propulsion and
Power, Volume 25, Number 6, 2009.

81. Bradley, T.H., Moffitt, B.A., Mavris, D., Parekh, D.E. "Aviation: Fuel Cells." In: Juergen Garche, Chris
Dyer, Patrick Moseley, Zempachi Ogumi, David Rand and Bruno Scrosati, editors. Encyclopedia of
Electrochemical Power Sources, Vol 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2009. pp. 186-192.

82. Bradley, T. H. and Frank, A. A. "Design, demonstrations and sustainability impact assessments for
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles." Sustainable and Renewable Energy Reviews, Volume 13, Issue 1,
January 2009, Pages 115-128.

83. Bradley, T. H., Danielson, J., Lawrence, J., and Singhose, W. "Command Shaping Under Non-
Symmetrical Acceleration and Braking Dynamics." ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, October
2008, Vol. 130 / 054503 pp.1-5.

84. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B., Parekh, D., and Mavris, D. "Development and experimental
characterization of a fuel cell powered aircraftJournal of Power Sources, 171(2007) 793-801.

85. Bradley, T. H., Huff, B. R., and Frank, A. A. "Energy Consumption Test Methods and Results for
Servo-Pump Continuously Variable Transmission Control System." SAE Transactions Journal of Fuels
and Lubricants, 2005-01-3782, 2005.

ARCHIVAL PUBLICATIONS IN SUBMISSION

1. Tarun, S,. Jathar, S., Bradley, T., Asher, Z., "On the Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Model In-Use
Fuel Consumption and Tailpipe Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles," submitted to Atmospheric
Environment, 2019.

2. Motallebiaraghi, F., Rabinowitz, A., Gaikwad, T., Patil, A., Trinko, D., Asher, Z., Bradley, T.H.,
"Development and Evaluation of Velocity Prediction Enabled Optimal Energy Management
Strategies in Intelligent and Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", submitted to IEEE Access,
2021.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS

1. Blonde, K., Bradley, T.H., Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2023.

2. Rabinowitz, A., Coburn, T. C., Bradley, T.H., and Smart, J.G., 2022, Quantifying the (in)convenience
of electric vehicle charging. IAEE Energy Forum, Fourth Quarter 2022, 57-60.

3. Rabinowitz, A., Motallebiaraghi, F., Meyer, R., Asher, Z. et al., "An Ultra-Light Heuristic Algorithm
for Autonomous Optimal Eco-Driving," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-0679, 2023.

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4. Fanas Rojas, J., Kadav, P., Brown, N., Meyer, R. et al., "Quantitative Resilience Assessment of GPS,
IMU, and LiDAR Sensor Fusion for Vehicle Localization Using Resilience Engineering Theory," SAE
Technical Paper 2023-01-0576, 2023.

5. Motallebiaraghi, F., Rabinowitz, A., Fanas Rojas, J., Kadav, P. et al., "Autonomous Eco-Driving
Evaluation of an Electric Vehicle on a Chassis Dynamometer," SAE Technical Paper 2023-01-0715,
2023.

6. JF Rojas, N Brown, J Rupp, T Bradley, ZD Asher, "Performance Evaluation of an Autonomous
Vehicle Using Resilience Engineering" SAE Technical Paper, 2022, 2022-01-0067

7. F Motallebiaraghi, K Yao, A Rabinowitz, J Holden, E Wood, S Chen ... "Mobility Energy Productivity
Evaluation of Prediction-based Vehicle Powertrain Control Combined with Optimal Traffic
Management" SAE Technical Paper, 2022, 2022-01-0141

8. P Lobato, M Rayno, J Daily, T Bradley, "Quantifying Repeatability of Real-World On-Road Driving
Using Dynamic Time Warping" SAE Technical Paper, 2022, 2022-01-0269

9. Bradley, T.H., Coburn, T.C., "Colorado EV Battery Recycling Study," Colorado Department of Public
Health and the Environment, 2021.

10. J Payne, H Stefanon, B Geller, T Aoki, T Bradley, Z Asher, D Trinko, "Systems and methods for
determining engine start time during predicted acceleration events" 2021, US Patent 10,946,852.

11. Birch, D., Bradley, T.H., "Development of a Human Factors Hazard Model Using HEP / FTA / ETA,"
AIAA/INCOSE Utah Mini Conference, 2021.

12. Tarun, S., and Asher, Z., Johnston, B., Bradley, Thomas Anderson, C., Jathar, S. H., On the Use of
Artificial Neural Networks to Model In-Use Fuel Consumption and Tailpipe Emissions from Light-
Duty Vehicles. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3969069 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3969069

13. Motellebiaraghi, F., Rabinowitz, A., Jathar, S., Fong, A., Asher, Z., Bradley, T.H., "High-Fidelity
Modeling of Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Economy Using Deep Neural Networks" SAE
Technical Paper, 2021-01-0181.

14. Quinn, J.C., Horesh, N., Trinko, D., Limb, B., Quinn, C., Bradley, T.H., Zane, R., 2020, "The future of
transportation," Institute for Science & Policy, Denver Museum of Nature & Science.

15. Al-Alawi, B., Coburn, T,. and Bradley, T.H. "Managing Global Transportation Energy Use and
Emissions Through Technology, Policy and Collaborative Initiatives," Think20 Policy Brief 17, Saudi
Arabia, 2020.

16. Rabinowitz, A., Gaikwad, T., White, S., Bradley, T.H., Asher, Z., "Synchronous and Open, Real
World, Vehicle, ADAS, and Infrastructure Data Streams for Automotive Machine Learning
Algorithms Research," SAE Technical Paper, 2020-01-0736.

17. Gaikwad, T., Rabinowitz, A., Motallebiaraghi, F., Bradley, T.H., Asher, Z., Hanson, L., Fong, A.,
"Vehicle Velocity Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network and Effect of Real World Signals on
Prediction Window." SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-0729

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18. Lunsford, I., Bradley, T.H. "Aircraft Survivability Modeling and Simulation Framework (AirSurF)/'
AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, 1648.

19. Quiroz-Arita, C., and Bradley, T.H., "2019 CRC Life Cycle Analysis of Transportation Fuels
Workshop/' Argonne National Laboratory, 2019.

20. Bowermaster, D., and Bradley, T., "Renewable Ammonia Generation, Transport, and Utilization in
the Transportation Sector," EPRI Technology Insights, 3002015353 February 2019.

21. Tarun, S., Asher, Z., Bradley, T., Johnston, B., Anderson, C., and Jathar, S., "Artificial Neural
Networks for Emissions Modeling and Environmental Routing for Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles,"
CARTEEH — February 18-20, 2019 — Austin, TX

22. Gabriel Christian DiDomenico, Jamison Bair, Vipin Kumar Kukkala, Jordan Tunnell, Marco Peyfuss,
Michael Kraus, Joshua Ax, Jeremy Lazarri, Matthew Munin, Corey Cooke, Eric Christensen, Logan
Peltz, Nathan Peterson, Logan Wolfe, Zach Vinski, Daniel Norris, Corrie Kaiser, Jacob Collier, Nick
Schott, Yi Wang, Thomas Bradley, "Colorado State University EcoCAR 3 Final Technical Report,"
SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0360, 2019.

23. Asher, Zachary & Tragesser, Steven & Kneubel, Christian & Hudson, Jennifer & Bradley, Thomas &
Kolmanovsky, llya. (2018). Space Debris Field Removal Using Tether Momentum Exchange.
AAS/AIAA, Sep, 2018.

24. Asher, Z., Ramo, N., Bradley, T.H., "The Use of Systems Engineering Principles to Improve Learning
Outcomes in a Multidisciplinary Course," ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, 2018.

25. Baral, N., Quiroz-Arita, C., Bradley, T.H., "A Comparative Techno- Economic Analysis Of
Cyanobacterial And Cellulosic Ethanol," 3rd Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference, Ft.
Lauderdale, FL., March 6th, 2018.

26. Asher, Z., Tunnel, J.A., Baker, Fitzgerald, R.J., Banaei-Kashani, F., Pasricha, S., Bradley, T.H.
"Enabling Prediction for Optimal Fuel Economy Vehicle Control." SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-
1015.

27. Trinko, D., Asher, Z., Bradley, T.H., "Application of Pre-Computed Acceleration Event Control to
Improve Fuel Economy in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0997

28. Baker, D., Asher, Z.D. and Bradley, T., 2018. "V2V communication based real-world velocity
predictions for improved HEV fuel economy," SAE Technical Paper, 2018-01-1000.

29. Trinko, D. A., Wendt, E. A., Asher, Z. D., Peyfuss, M., Volckens, J., Quinn, J. C., & Bradley, T. H.
(2018, June). An Adaptive Green Zone Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control. In 2018 IEEE
Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC) (pp. 939-943). IEEE.

30. Asher, Z.D., Galang, A., Briggs, W., Johnston, B., Bradley, T.H., Jathar, S., "Economic and Efficient
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy and Emissions Modeling Using an Artificial Neural Network,"
SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0315.

31. Tunnell, J., Asher, Z.D., Pasricha, S., Bradley, T.H., "Towards Improving Vehicle Fuel Economy with
ADAS," SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0593

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32. Baker, D., Asher, Z., Bradley, T.H., "Investigating the Impact of Real-World Prediction Error on HEV
Fuel Economy/' SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-1000

33. Quiroz-Arita, C., Asher, Z., Baral, N., Bradley, T.H., "Vehicle Electrification in Chile: A Life Cycle
Assessment and Techno-economic Analysis Using Data Generated by Autonomie Vehicle Modeling
Software/' SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0660

34. Sproul, E., Trinko, D. A., Asher, Z. D., Limb, B., Bradley, T. H., Quinn, J. C., & Zane, R. (2018, June).
Electrification of class 8 trucking: Economic analysis of in-motion wireless power transfer
compared to long-range batteries. In 2018 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and
Expo (ITEC) (pp. 744-748). IEEE.

35. Kukkala, V. K., Bradley, T. H., & Pasricha, S. "Uncertainty analysis and propagation for an Auxiliary
Power Module." In Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 2017 IEEE, pp. 164-
168.

36. Roberts, C., Morgenstern, R.M., Israel, D.J., Borky, J.M., Bradley, T.H. "Preliminary Results from a
Model-Driven Architecture Methodology for Development of an Event-Driven Space
Communications Service Concept," 5th Annual IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space
and Extreme Environments, October 10 -12, 2017 Montreal, QC

37. Carlos Quiroz-Arita Patricia E. Gharagozloo, Myra L. Blaylock, Ryan Davis, Thomas H. Bradley,
Thomas Dempster, John McGowen, "Computational Study of Turbulence and Mixing in Algae
Raceway Ponds: Implications of Fluid Mechanics in Algae-based biofuels Growth Models," 2017
Rocky Mountain Fluid Mechanics Symposium, August 11, 2017, Boulder, CO

38. Buckner, M., Bradley, T.H. "Automotive C02 Mitigation Via an Onboard Bosch Reactor System,"
Carbon Management Technology Conference 2017: Global CCUS Innovation Nexus, Houston, TX,
July 17-20, 2017.

39. Evanoski-Cole A., Catton, K., Vermuelen, B., Bair J.T., and Bradley, T.H. "Confidence of Undecided
First-Year Engineering Students in Choosing Their Major and Implications for Retention," 2017
ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Columbus, OH, June 26 - 29, 2017.

40. Bair, J., and Bradley, T.H. "Introduction and Application of Lean Manufacturing Techniques in
Mechanical Engineering Senior Design Practicum," 2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition,
Columbus, OH, June 26 - 29, 2017.

41. Kukkala, V., Bradley, T.H., and Pasricha, S., "JAMS: Jitter-Aware Message Scheduling for FlexRay
Automotive Networks," 2017 IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference, 24-27 September 2017,
Toronto, Canada.

42. Quann, C., and Bradley, T.H., " Renewables Firming Using Grid Scale Battery Storage in a Real-Time
Pricing Market," 30th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimisation, Simulation and
Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, July 2. - 6. 2017, San Diego, California

43. Quann, C., and Bradley, T.H., " Renewables Firming Using Grid Scale Battery Storage in a Real-Time
Pricing Market" Eighth IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT 2017), April
23-26, 2017, Arlington, VA.

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44. Baker, D., Asher, Z., and Bradley, T.H., "Investigation of Vehicle Speed Prediction from Neural
Network Fit of Real World Driving Data for Improved Engine On/Off Control of the EcoCAR3 Hybrid
Camaro/' SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-1262, 2017.

45. Asher, Z., Wifvat, V., Navarro, A., Samuelsen, S. et al., "The Importance of HEV Fuel Economy and
Two Research Gaps Preventing Real World Implementation of Optimal Energy Management," SAE
Technical Paper 2017-26-0106, 2017.

46. Carlos Quiroz-Arita, David Bark, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi, Thomas H. Bradley." Optimization of
Photobioreactors and Raceway Ponds by Fluid Dynamics Approaches: Mixing Strategies for Dark:
Light Duty Cycles of Cyanobacteria Particles - Poster", 2016 Algae Biomass Summit, October 23 -
26, Washington, DC

47. Carlos E. Quiroz Arita, John J. Sheehan , Sybil Sharvelle, Thomas H. Bradley. "Combined
Photosynthetic Biorefineries based on Cyanobacteria and Wastewater Facilities Systems:
Addressing Water Quality Criteria Established by the Environmental Protection Agency - Poster",
2016 Algae Biomass Summit, October 23 - 26, Washington, DC

48. Carlos E. Quiroz-Arita, David Bark, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi, Jason C. Quinn, Thomas H. Bradley,
Kenneth F. Reardon. "Scalability of Photobioreactors: Incorporating Langrangian Fluid Mechanics
in Growth Models", 6th International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June
26-29, San Diego, CA

49. Carlos E. Quiroz Arita, John J. Sheehan , Thomas H. Bradley. "Life Cycle Net Energy and
Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Photosynthetic Biorefineries Based on Cyanobacteria", 6th
International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 26-29, San Diego, CA

50. Carlos E. Quiroz Arita, John J. Sheehan , Sybil Sharvelle, Thomas H. Bradley. "Life Cycle Assessment
of Combined Photosynthetic Biorefineries based on Cyanobacteria and Wastewater Facilities
Systems", 6th International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 26-29,
San Diego, CA

51. Chase Fogus, Carlos Quiroz - Arita, Thomas H. Bradley." Particle Tracking of Bench-Scale
Photobioreactor for Optimization of Sparge Mixing of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 - Poster",6th
International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 26-29, San Diego, CA

52. Matthew D. Knopf, Carlos Quiroz - Arita, Thomas H. Bradley. "Temporal and Spatial Radiation in
Flat Photobioreactors Cultures of Synehocystis sp. PCC 6803 - Poster",6th International Conference
on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 26-29, San Diego, CA

53. Carlos E. Quiroz-Arita, David Bark, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi, Jason C. Quinn, Thomas H. Bradley,
Kenneth F. Reardon. "Scalability of Photobioreactors: Incorporating Langrangian Fluid Mechanics
in Growth Models", 12th Workshop on Cyanobacteria, May 19 - 22, 2016. Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ.

54. Bradley, T.H., "Evaluation of techniques for eliciting online interaction in Systems Engineering
Courses," 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, LA, June 26 - 29, 2016.

55. Jambor, E., and Bradley, T.H., "Weight Reduction through the Design and Manufacturing of
Composite Half-Shafts for the EcoCAR 3," in Society of Automotive Engineers World Congress,
Detroit, Ml, April 12-14, 2016.

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56. Asher, Z., Cummings, T., and Bradley, T.H., "The Effect of Hill Planning and Route Type
Identification Prediction Signal Quality on Hybrid Vehicle Fuel Economy/' in Society of Automotive
Engineers World Congress, Detroit, Ml, April 12-14, 2016.

57. Vore, S., Wilkins, Z., Kosowski, M., and Bradley, T.H.' Data Management for Geographically and
Temporally Rich Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle 'Big-Data'", EVS29 Symposium, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
June 19-22, 2016.

58. Jambor, E., and Bradley, T.H. "Project Management and Implementation in EcoCAR 3," ASME 2015
International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Houston, TX, November 13-19,
2015.

59. Stanton, K., and Bradley, T.H., "Academic Needs Assessment to Inform Course and Program
Design: A Hybrid Vehicle Engineering Program as a Case Study" 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and
Exposition, Seattle, WA, June 14-17, 2015.

60. Syed, Z., and Bradley, T.H., "A Real-time Building HVAC Model Implemented as a Plug-in for
Trimble(TM) Sketchup(TM)" ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering,
Austin, TX, June 21-23, 2015.

61. Quinn, J. C., Limb, B. J., Pantic, Z., Barr, P., Zane, R., and Bradley, T. H. (2015). Feasibility of
wireless power transfer for electrification of transportation: Techno-economics and life cycle
assessment. In Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), 2015 IEEE Conference on (pp. 245-249).
IEEE.

62. Quiroz-Arita, C.E., Dasi, L.P., and Bradley, T.H." Combined algae based biofuels and wastewater
facilities systems modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches", 5th International
Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA

63. Jones, A., Quiroz-Arita, C.E., and Bradley, T.H." Characterization of Sparge mixing for reducing the
growth stage energy consumption of cyanobacteria photobioreactors - Poster", 5th International
Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA

64. Quinn, J.C., Hanif, A., Sharvelle, S., and Bradley, T.H.," Characterization and lifecycle impact of
methane yield from lipid extracted algae - Poster", 5th International Conference on Algal Biomass,
Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA

65. Quiroz-Arita, C.E., Yilmaz, O., Barlak, S., Catton, K., Quinn, J.C., and Bradley, T.H. "A geographical
assessment of vegetation carbon stocks and net greenhouse gases on potential microalgae based
biofuel facilities in the United States - Poster", 5th International Conference on Algal Biomass,
Biofuels and Bioproducts, June 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA

66. Bennett, K., Quiroz-Arita, C.E., and Bradley, T.H. "Sensitivity analyses of Synechocystis lifecycle
asseessment models - Poster", 5th International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and
Bioproducts, June 7-10, 2015, San Diego, CA

67. Kukkala, V., Pasricha, S., and Bradley, T.H., "Priority-based Multi-level Monitoring of Signal
Integrity in a Distributed Powertrain Control System," 4th IFAC Workshop on Engine and
Powertrain Control Simulation and Modeling (E-COSM 2015), Columbus, OH, USA, August 23-26,
2015

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68. Knackstedt, C., and Bradley, T.H.," EcoCAR 3: Architecture Selection Validation through Vehicle
Modeling and Simulation for the Colorado State University Vehicle Innovation Team," 4th IFAC
Workshop on Engine and Powertrain Control Simulation and Modeling (E-COSM 2015), Columbus,
OH, USA, August 23-26, 2015

69. Cummings, T., and Bradley, T.H., "The Effect of Trip Preview Prediction Signal Quality on Hybrid
Vehicle Fuel Economy," 4th IFAC Workshop on Engine and Powertrain Control Simulation and
Modeling (E-COSM 2015), Columbus, OH, USA, August 23-26, 2015

70. Gordon, E., K. Averyt, and T. Bradley (2015). Chapter 7-Energy Sector. In Colorado Climate
Change Vulnerability Study, edited by Eric Gordon and Dennis Ojima. University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

71. Quinn, J., Hanif, A., Sharvelle, S., and Bradley, T.H., "Experimental Evaluation of Methane Yield
from Lipid Extracted Algae: Life Cycle Impacts," Algae Biomass Summit, Washington, DC
September 30 - October 2, 2015.

72. Syed, Z., and Bradley, T.H., "A Real-time Building HVAC Model Implemented as a Plug-in for
Sketch-up(TM)," 2015 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, Austin, TX,
June 21-23, 2015.

73. Geller, B., Bucher, J. Salisbury, S., and Bradley, T.H., "Validation and Analysis of the Fuel Cell Plug-
in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Built by Colorado State University for the EcoCAR 2: Plugging into the
Future Vehicle Competition," SAE World Congress, Detroit, Ml, 2015, 2014-01-2910.

74. Duthu, R., and Bradley, T.H. "Evaluation of increased discretization of real time locational marginal
prices on customer-optimized distributed generation" ASME 2014 8th International Conference on
Energy Sustainability, June 30-July 2, 2014, Boston.

75. Wagner, J., and Bradley, T.H. "Analysis and Optimization of a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid," SAE World
Congress, Detroit, Ml, 2014-01-1795.

76. Salisbury, S., Geller, B., Bucher, J., and Bradley, T.H., "Detailed Analysis of a Fuel Cell Plug-in
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Demonstration," SAE World Congress, Detroit, Ml, 2014-01-1925.

77. Salisbury, S., Smart, J., and Bradley, T.H., "Actual Versus Estimated Utility Factor of a Large Set of
Privately Owned Chevrolet Volts," SAE World Congress, Detroit, Ml, 2014-01-1803.

78. Bradley, T.H. "Fuel Cell Education-Invited Presentation," Fuel Cell Seminar & Energy Exposition,
Los Angeles, CA, November 10-14, 2014

79. Geller, B., Bucher, J., Salisbury, S., and Bradley, T.H., "Validation and Analysis of the Fuel Cell Plug-
in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Built by Colorado State University for the EcoCAR 2: Plugging into the
Future Vehicle Competition," SAE International Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting,
Birmingham, UK, 2014-01-2910.

80. Bradley, T.H., " The Cutting Edge - A Look at the Next Era of Advanced Technologies," Plug in 2013
Conference, October 1-3, 2013, San Diego, CA.

81. Salisbury, S., Geller, B., Fox, M., and Bradley, T.H., "Detailed Design of a Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicle," SAE World Congress, Detroit, Ml, 2013-01-0560.

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82. Quinn, J., Butler, J., Bradley, T.H., "Current Large-scale Microalgae Productivity Potential Including
Resource Assessment/' 2013 International Biomass Conference & Expo, April 2013, Minneapolis,
MN.

83. Shurtz, B., Batan, L., Bradley, T H.., Wood, B., Quinn, J., "Potential Effects of the Integration of
Microalgae with Wastewater: Water Footprint and Resource Requirements," Solar 2013, April
2013, Baltimore, MD.

84. Quinn, J., Catton, K., DeWinter, L., and Bradley, T.H., "Critical Evaluation of Resource Demand and
Biomass Productivity for Scale-up of Microalgae Biofuels," World Renewable Energy Forum 2012,
May 13-17, 2012, Denver, CO.

85. Geller, B., Fox, M., Alvarado, C., Barrett, P., Habib, H., Koelling, Z., Malakoutirad, M., Miksch, J.,
Salisbury, S., Sewell, S., Shea, C., Zevenbergen, M., Quinn, J., and Bradley, TH., "Design of a Fuel
Cell Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle in a Range Extending Configuration by Colorado State
University for the EcoCAR2 Competition," SAE 2012 International Powertrains, Fuels Lubricants
Meeting, September 18-20, 2012, Malmo, Sweden.

86. Geller, B., Fox, M., Bradley, T.H., Kalhammer, F., Kopf, B., and Panik, F., "Plug-in Fuel Cell Vehicle
Technology and Value Analysis," EVS26, May 6-9 2012, Los Angeles, California.

87. Kambly, K., and Bradley, T.H., "Geographical and Temporal Variations in Plug-in Electric Vehicle
HVAC Loads," ASME/SAE/AIAA 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July-
August 2012, Atlanta, GA.

88. Fox, M., and Bradley, T.H. "Decision Support for Vehicle Technology Selection and Optimal
Component Sizing: Colorado State University EcoCar2 Vehicle Design," ASME/SAE/AIAA 10th
International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July-August 2012, Atlanta, GA.

89. The Efficacy of Electric Vehicle Time-of-Use Rates in Guiding Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Charging Behavior, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2011, 1021741.

90. Quinn, J., Turner, C., and Bradley, T.H.., " Flat Plate Photobioreactor Scale-Up Incorporating Diffuse
and Direct Light Growth Characteristics," Algae Biomass Summit, October 25-27, 2011,
Minneapolis, MN.

91. Fagerstone, K., Quinn, J., Bradley, T.H., Marchese, A., "Measurement of Direct Nitrous Oxide
(N20) Emissions from Microalgae Cultivation," 1st International Conference on Algal Biomass,
Biofuels & Bioproducts, July 18-20, 2011, St. Louis, MO.

92. Quinn, J., Catton, K., deWinter, L., Wagner, N., and Bradley, T.H. "Current Productivity Potential in
the US Based on Microalgae Bulk Growth Modeling" 1st International Conference on Algal
Biomass, Biofuels & Bioproducts, July 18-20, 2011, St. Louis, MO.

93. Quinn, J., Turner, C., and Bradley, T.H. "Scale-Up of Flat Plate Photobioreactors Considering
Diffuse and Direct Light Characteristics"^ International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels &
Bioproducts, July 18-20, 2011, St. Louis, MO.

94. Wagner, N., Taylor, B., Boland, S., Keen, D., Nelson, J., and Bradley, T.H. "Powerplant Design for
Hand-Launched Long-Endurance UAVs", ASME/SAE/AIAA 9th International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, July 2011, San Diego, CA, AIAA 2011-6689.

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95. Bickley, E., Boley, M., Brown, S., Clark, S., Gindl, B., Hemenway, D., Miskulin, R., Beegles, R.,
Stanton, K., and Bradley T.H., "Design and Testing of a Fuel Cell Powered Motorcycle,"
ASME/SAE/AIAA 9th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July 2011, San
Diego, CA.

96. Kustas, A., Jurgensmeyer, A., Williams, D., Dickman, B., Bradley, T.H., Williams, J.D., Cote, T.B.,
Minor, B.D., and Lipsey, T.C. "High efficiency thermoelectric coolers for use in firefighter
applications," ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress, Nov. 11-17, 2011, Denver,
Colorado, 2011.

97. Jurgensmeyer, A., Kustas, A., Williams, J., Williams, D., Bradley, T.H., "Superlattice-based
thermoelectric materials fabricated using ion beam deposition," ASME/SAE/AIAA 9th International
Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July 2011, San Diego, CA.

98. Rhoads, G., and Bradley, T.H. "Design space exploration for electrically powered vertical takeoff
and landing unmanned aerial vehicles," ASME/SAE/AIAA 9th International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, July 2011, San Diego, CA.

99. Lutz, M., Zimmerle, D., Huff, B., and Bradley, T.H. "Design and Construction of a Grid-attached
Storage Simulator," ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Aug. 7-10
Washington, D.C., ESFuelCell2011-54541, 2011.

100. Posly, A., Duff., W., and Bradley, T.H. "Stochastic Simulation of System Reliability as a Tool for
Maintenance Strategy Optimization in a Cement Plant," 52nd IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry
Technical Conference, May 22-26, St. Louis, MO, 2011.

101. Davis, M., and Bradley, T.H. "Alternative Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Utility Factors," SAE World
Congress, April 12-14, 2011, Detroit, Ml, SAE 11PFL-0825, 2011.

102. Geller, B., and Bradley, T.H. "Objective Comparison of Hybrid Vehicles Through Simulation
Optimization," SAE World Congress, April 12-14, 2011, Detroit, Ml, SAE 11PFL-0829, 2011.

103. Bradley, T.H., and Al-Alawi, B., "Low Carbon Fuel Standards and Other Game Changing Policies for
PEVs," presented in Plug in 2011 Conference, July 19-21, 2011, Raleigh, NC.

104. Quinn, J., Batan, L. and Bradley, T.H. "Net Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Evaluation of
Biodiesel Derived from Microalgae," Congreso Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnologi'a de los
Biocombustibles, November 30 - December 3, 2010, Bucaramanga, Columbia.

105. Quinn, J., and Bradley, T.H. "Microalgae Productivity Potential and Water Consumption," 2010
Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy, December 11-14, 2010, Honolulu,
HI.

106. Economic and Environmental Analysis of Fuel Cell Powered Materials Handling Equipment. EPRI,
Palo Alto, CA: 2010. 1019928.

107. Bradley, T.H., "Lifecycle Sustainability Assessments for Microalgal Biofuel Production," 2010
Western Great Plains Sustainable Feedstock Conference, September 14th, 2010, Fort Collins, CO.

108. Plug-in Fuel Cell Vehicle Technology and Value Analysis Phase 1: Preliminary Findings and Plan for
Detailed Study. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2010. 1021482.

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109. Bradley, T.H., Geller, B., Davis, B.M., Kalhammer, F., Kopf, B., Panik, F, and Huang, Y., "Plug in Fuel
Cell Vehicle Technology and Value Analysis/' invited presentation in Plug in 2010 Conference, July
26-29, 2010, Long Beach, California, USA.

110. Al-Alawi, B., and Bradley, T.H., "The value of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles within the framework
of CAFE compliance," invited presentation in ASME/SAE/AIAA 8th International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, July 2010, Nashville, TN.

111. Rhoads, G., and Bradley, T.H., "Flight Test Results for a 24 Hour Fuel Cell Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle", ASME/SAE/AIAA 8th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, July 2010,
Nashville, TN, AIAA 2010-6690.

112. Quinn, J., and Bradley, T.H., "Microalgae Biomass Production Potential in the US," International
Conference C02 Summit: Technology and Opportunity, June 6-10, 2010, Vail, Colorado, USA.

113. Batan, L., Quinn, J., and Bradley, T.H., " Net energy and greenhouse gas emissions evaluation of
biodiesel derived from microalgae," International Conference C02 Summit: Technology and
Opportunity, June 6-10, 2010, Vail, Colorado, USA.

114. Bradley, T.H., "The Effects of Aggregation on the Near-Term Economics and Scalability of Plug-in
Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Grid Charging," invited presentation in Plug in 2009 Conference, August
12-14, 2009, Long Beach, California, USA.

115. Bradley, T.H. Moffitt, B.A., Parekh, D.E., Fuller, T.F., and Mavris, D.N., "Energy Management for
Fuel Cell Powered Hybrid-Electric Aircraft, ASME/SAE/AIAA 7th International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, 2-5 August 2009, Denver, Colorado. AIAA 2009-4590.

116. Bradley, T.H. "Modeling, Design and Energy Management of Fuel Cell Systems for Aircraft/' PhD
Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.

117. Fuller, T. F., Bradley, T. H. "Methodology for Robust Design of Small Fuel Cell Systems: Application
to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," Invited presentation in 10th Annual International Conference on
Small Fuel Cells, April 30-May 2, 2008, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

118. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B. A., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Design Studies for Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, August 18-21,
2008, Honolulu, Hawaii. AIAA 2008-6413.

119. Bradley, T. H. and Parekh D. E. "Design, Applications and Commercialization of Fuel Cell Powered
Aircraft," Proceedings of the National Hydrogen Conference, March 30-April 3 2008, Sacramento,
California.

120. Moffitt, B. A., Bradley, T. H., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Vortex Propeller Model Generation and
Validation with Uncertainty Analysis for UAV Design." in 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
and Exhibit, January 7-10, 2008, Reno, Nevada. AIAA 2008-406.

121. Description of a Basic Vehicle Control Strategy for a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, EPRI, Palo Alto,
CA:2007. 1012460.

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122. Moffitt, B. A., Bradley, T. H., Mavris, D. and Parekh, D. E., "Reducing design error of a fuel cell UAV
through variable fidelity optimization." in 7th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and
Operations Conference, September 2007, Belfast, N. Ireland. AIAA 2007-7793.

123. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B. A., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Flight Testing Results for a Fuel Cell
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." in 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, January 8-11,
2007, Reno, Nevada. AIAA 2007-0032.

124. Bradley, T. H., Hall, T., Quilin, X., Singhose, W., and Lawrence, J. "Input shaping for nonlinear drive
systems." in ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 5-10,
2006, Chicago, Illinois. IMECE2006-14396.

125. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B., Thomas, R., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Test Results for a Fuel Cell-
Powered Demonstration Aircraft." in Society of Automotive Engineers Power System Conference,
November 7-9, 2006, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2006-01-3092.

126. Moffitt, B., Bradley, T. H., Mavris, D., and Parekh D. E. "Design Space Exploration of Small- Scale
PEM Fuel Cell Long Endurance Aircraft." in 6th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and
Operations Conference, September 25-27, 2006, Wichita, Kansas. AIAA-2006-7701.

127. Bradley, T. H., Moffitt, B. A., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D. "Validated Modeling and Synthesis of
Medium-scale PEM Fuel Cell Aircraft." in 4th International ASME Conference on Fuel Cell Science,
Engineering and Technology, June 18-21 2006, Irvine, California. FUELCELL2006-97233.

128. Moffitt, B. A., Bradley, T. H., Parekh, D. E., and Mavris, D., "Design and Performance Validation of
a Fuel Cell Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." in 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,
January 9-12, 2006, Reno, Nevada. AIAA 2006-0823.

129. Graham, R., Bradley, T. H., and Duvall, M. "Development of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Light- and
Medium-duty Commercial Vehicles." in Electric Vehicle Symposium 20, November 15-19, 2003,
Long Beach, California.

130. Development and Modeling of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architectures Based on the Ford U293
Platform, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2003.

131. Test Profile Development for the Evaluation of Battery Cycle Life for Plug-In Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2003. 1002228.

132. Bradley, T. H. Simulation of Continuously Variable Transmission Chain Drives with Involute Inter-
element Contact Surfaces. MS Thesis, University of California - Davis, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, 2003.

133. Bradley, T. H. and Frank, A. A. "CVT Servo-hydraulic Control System Performance and Evaluation."
in Proceedings of the International Congress on Continuously Variable Power Transmission,

October 7-8, 2002, Munich, Germany, also published in Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Berichte, Nr.
1709, 2002, pp. 35-42.

134. Alexander, M., Bradley, T. H., Huff, B., Hutchison, P., Kamisky, R., Loomis, G., McMahon, S., Meyr,
N., Schurhoff, R. Vaughan, J., Duvall, M., and Frank, A., "Design and Development of the UC Davis
FutureTruck." Society of Automotive Engineers SP-1617, 2001.

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TEACHING EXPERIENCE

• Instructor, SYSE 780-A1 Research Methods in Systems Engineering, College of Engineering,
Colorado State University (S-22, S-23)

• Co-instructor, CIVE 580-A2 Food Energy Water Systems, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (S-20, S-21, S-22, S-23 with S. Sharvelle)

• Instructor, ENGR 531 Engineering Risk Analysis, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (S-21, F-22)

• Instructor, SYSE 701 Leadership and Innovation in Systems Engineering, Systems Engineering,
Colorado State University (F-19, F-20, F-21, F-22)

• Co-instructor, MECH 580-A2 Systems Requirements Engineering, College of Engineering,
Colorado State University (F-17 with A. Batchelor)

• Instructor, MECH 513 Modeling, Simulation and Experimentation, Mechanical Engineering,
Colorado State University (S-16, S-17, S-18, S-20)

• Co-instructor, MECH 200 Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, College of Engineering,
Colorado State University (S-15, with S. Schaeffer)

• Co-instructor, MECH 402 Introduction to Statistics, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (F-13, with K. Catton)

• Instructor, ECE/ENGR 567 Systems Architecture, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (S-13, S-14)

• Instructor, ENGR 580-A-4 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Systems Design, College of Engineering,
Colorado State University (F-12)

• Instructor, ENGR 680-A4 Vehicle Electrification, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (F-ll, F-13)

• Instructor, ENGR 523 Design of Energy Storage Systems for Vehicles, College of Engineering,
Colorado State University (F-ll)

• Instructor, ENGR 527 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (S-ll, S-12, F-12, F-14, F-17)

• Instructor, MECH 529 Advanced Mechanical Systems, College of Engineering, Colorado State
University (S-09, S-10, S-13, F-15, F-16)

• Instructor, MECH 324 Dynamics of Machines, College of Engineering, Colorado State University
(F-08, F-09, F-10)

• Co-instructor, AGRI/ENGR 681 Bioenergy Policy, Economics, and Assessment, College of Natural
Sciences and College of Engineering, Colorado State University (S-10, S-ll, with K. Reardon, and
K. Paustian)

• Co-instructor, ME 4823 Renewable Energy Systems, Woodruff School of Mechanical
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (S-07, with Comas L. Haynes)

• Guest Instructor, Variety of Programs and Instances

o Guest lectured to REM 300 Renewable Energy (F-14, F-16, F-17 with K. Reardon and J.
Sheehan)

o Guest lectured to ISYE 8803F Energy Technology and Policy (S-08, with V. Thomas)
o Guest lectured to ME 4823 Fuel Cell Systems (S-08, with C. L. Haynes)
o Guest lectured to ME 4813 Fuel Cell Systems (F-07, with C. L. Haynes)
o Guest lectured to Advanced Placement and Remedial Chemistry at Atlanta area high-school
as part of the Georgia Intern-Fellowships for Teachers program (S-06, with C. L. Haynes)

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o Guest lectured to numerous school groups as a component of informal Institute outreach
efforts and the Georgia Tech Research Institute Foundations for the Future Program (S-06 to
present, with C. L. Haynes)

Academic Advisor

• Colorado State University Senior Honors Thesis Advisor (~18 students) (2009-2018)

• McNair Scholars Program (for students of disadvantaged backgrounds) Advisor (May to August
2009)

• California Alliance for Minority Participation in Math, Science & Engineering (June 2001 to June
2002)

Senior Design Advisor

• Lightning eMotors EVTrailering Analysis (2021-2022) Externally funded by Lightning eMotors

• EcoCAR: Fuel Cell and Ethanol Hybrid Vehicle Design/Build (2011-2020) Externally funded by US
DOE and General Motors

• Schneider Electric EVSE Cable Management, (2013-2018) Externally funded by Schneider Electric

• Air Force Office of Scientific Research University Engineering Design Challenge Program (2011-
2014) Externally funded by US Air Force Office of Scientific Research

• Small Hybrid Propulsion System Demonstrator (2010-2014) Externally funded by US Air Force
Research Laboratory

• Man-packable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2009-2010)

• Self-Contained Air Mobility Pack : Powered Air Purifying Respirator (2009-2010) Externally
funded by US Department of Homeland Security

ACTIVITIES AND AWARDS

• PI, Colorado DOT Office of Innovative Technology, "ZEV Manufacturing and Engineering
Workforce Development" $100,000 (2023-2024).

• PI, Woodward Inc., "Aero-actuation Research and Education Center, Phase 2" $900,000 (2023-
2026).

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute Low Carbon Resource Initiative Analysis of costs and
performance of vehicles fueled by alternative energy carriers," $150,000 (2022-2024)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Light-duty and medium-duty electric vehicle data-driven
insights," $144,122 (2022-2023)

• PI, Lockheed Martin Sikorsky, "Fuel Cell Powered UAV Testing" $174,714 (2021-2022)

• PI, US Department of Energy, "Agent-Based, Bottom-Up Medium- and Heavy-duty Electric
Vehicle Economics, Operation, Charging, and Adoption, $292,541 (2021-2024)

• PI, Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, "Battery End of Life for Electric
Vehicles in Colorado," $25,000 (2020-2021).

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Phase VII of Prediction Signal Quality and
Influences on Acceleration Event Scenario Control's Benefit to Hybrid Vehicle FE Improvements
Fuel Economy for a Hybrid Vehicle," $68,854 (2020-2021).

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Demand-Side Electricity System Modeling" $100,000
(2020-2021).

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Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

• PI, Woodward Inc., "Aero-actuation Research and Education Center" $900,000 (2020-2023).

• Co-PI with Daily, J., Simske, S., DARPA, "Advanced Micro-patching" $2,700,000 (2020-2024)

• Co-PI with Quinn, J., Simske, S., Field, J., Kern, J., Beal, C., US Department of Energy, "Agent-
based Modeling for the Multi-objective Optimization of Energy Production Pathways,"
$1,250,000 (2019-2022).

• PI, Colorado Department of Transportation, "Autonomous Maintenance Technology Pooled
Fund Management," $71,700 (2019-2021).

• PI, US Department of Energy, "Mobility and energy improvements realized through prediction-
based vehicle powertrain control and traffic management," $1,040,000 (2018-2021).

• Co-Investigator, with Sharvelle, S., Reardon, K., Conant, R., Arabi, M., Shipianski, M., Malin, S.,
National Science Foundation "NRTINFEWS: Interdisciplinary Training, Education and Research
for Food-Energy-Water Systems (InTERFEWS) in Semi-Arid Regions" $2,999,981 (2018-2022).

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "EPRI Resident Agreement" $73,953 (2018-2019)

• PI, USDOT Mountain Plains Consortium, "Experiments and Modeling for Infrastructure Data-
Derived Fuel Economy and Safety Improvements" $100,000 (2018-2019)

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Phase IV of Prediction Signal Quality and
Influences on Acceleration Event Scenario Control's Benefit to Hybrid Vehicle FE Improvements
Fuel Economy for a Hybrid Vehicle," $130,000 (2018-2019)

• PI, Xcel Energy Foundation, "Veteran Student Support", $10,000 (2018)

• PI, Woodward Inc. "Modeling and Simulation Short Course," $19,972, (2018)

• PI, US Department of Energy and General Motors and Mathworks, "AVTC12" $670,000 (>$80M
in-kind), (2018-2022)

• PI, Sandia National Laboratory, "Advancement of a Computation Model of Algal Growth,"
$67,470 (2017-2018)

• CSU Faculty Excellence Award, 2017, $13,000.

• PI, Lightning Hybrids, "Short course - HV Electrical Systems for Vehicles" $5,000, 2017.

• PI, National Science Foundation, "Veteran Research Support - EcoCAR 3", $20,000 (2017-2018)

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Phase III of Prediction Signal Quality and
Influences on Acceleration Event Scenario Control's Benefit to Hybrid Vehicle FE Improvements
Fuel Economy for a Hybrid Vehicle," $70,000 (2017-2018)

• Co-PI, with Windom, B. and Marchese, A., Honda R&D Americas, "Onboard Refueling Vapor
Recovery System Testbed and Simulation," $309,985 (2016-2018).

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Phase II of Prediction Signal Quality and
Influences on Acceleration Event Scenario Control's Benefit to Hybrid Vehicle FE Improvements
Fuel Economy for a Hybrid Vehicle," $60,000 (2016-2017)

• PI, NREL CEMAC, "Economic Expertise to Support Development of CEMAC Benchmark Project",
$20,000 (2016-2018)

• PI, Lightning Hybrids, "Phase 3- Colorado State University Graduate Research for Lightning
Hybrids Inc.," $17,965 (2016)

• PI, Starbucks Coffee Company, "Heat Recovery and Mechanical Efficiency," $199,954 (2015-
2016)

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Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

• Fellow, US Department of Energy, "Applied Automotive Engineering Fellowship/' $10,000
(2015-2016).

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Prediction Signal Quality and Influences
on Acceleration Event Scenario Control's Benefit to Hybrid Vehicle FE Improvements Fuel
Economy for a Hybrid," $82,000 (2015-2016)

• Co-PI, with Reardon, K., National Science Foundation, "EFRI Supplement - REM and EFW,"
$249,220 (2015-2017)

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Study of Prediction Signal Quality and
Controls Scenario Benefit Study for Hybrid Vehicle Fuel Economy Improvements," $61,112
(2014-2015)

• PI, US Department of Energy and General Motors, "EcoCAR 3" $964,851 (>$80M in-kind),
(2014-2018)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Electrified Vehicle Data Analysis and Synthesis - Medium
Duty" $50,223 (2013-2015)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Electrified Vehicle Data Analysis and Synthesis - Light
Duty" $50,223 (2013-2015)

• Co-PI, with Zimmerle, D., Platte River Power Authority, "Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Switching
from Coal to Natural Gas Fuel Supply Associated with Fuel Production and Delivery," $5,000
(2014)

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Conceptual Design Comparisons Among
Next-Next- Generation Toyota PEVs - Amendment 3," $13,000 (2013-2014)

• Fellow, US Department of Energy, "Applied Automotive Engineering Fellowship," $10,000
(2013-2014).

• PI, Lightning Hybrids, "Phase 2- Colorado State University Graduate Research for Lightning
Hybrids Inc.," $16,871 (2013)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Non-Road Electric Transportation Matrix" $30,000 (2013-
2014)

• PI, Air Force Research Laboratory, "Take off Rotax Intercooler" $15,000 (2013-2014)

• Faculty Advisor, US Department of Transportation, "Dwight Dwight David Eisenhower
Transportation Fellowship Program - Shawn Salisbury," $5000 (2013)

• PI, National Science Foundation, "Outstanding Incoming Faculty Advisor Award, EcoCAR2,"
$10,000 (2013)

• Co-PI, with Reardon, K., Peebles, C., Peers, G., and Dandy, D., National Science Foundation EFRI-
Photosynthetic Biorefineries, "Manipulating photosynthesis and photobioreactor mixing
dynamics for enhanced yields of novel commodity products in cyanobacteria," $1,999,991
(2013-2017)

• Co-PI, with Paustian, K., Dunbar, B., Guggomos, A., France, R., and Anderson, C., National
Science Foundation: Partnerships for Innovation: Building Innovation Capacity, "Carbon
Footprint Metric in the Built Environment," $599,997 (2013-2015)

• PI, Lightning Hybrids, "Phase 1- Colorado State University Graduate Research for Lightning
Hybrids Inc.," $20,571 (2013)

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Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

• PI, Toyota Engineering and Manufacturing Americas, "Conceptual Design Comparisons Among
Next-Next-Generation Toyota PEVs," $59,800 (2013)

• SAE International, Ralph R. Teetor Award for Excellence in Engineering Education (2013)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Demonstration of a Plug in Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle,"
$5,000 (2013)

• PI, American Public Power Association, "Demand Response for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles"
$7,500 (2013).

• Co-PI, with Carlson, K., and Catton, K., RPSEA-Research Partnership to Secure Energy for
America, "Development of GIS-Based Tools for Optimized Fluid Management in Shale Gas
Operations," $1,200,000 (2013-2015)

• Co-PI, with Hagen, C., US Department of Energy - ARPAe, "Methane Opportunities in Vehicles,"
$1,000,000 (2012-2014)

• PI, Air Force Research Laboratory, "Small Engine Propulsion System Demonstrator" $10,000
(2012-2013)

• PI, US Department of Energy, "CSU Industrial Assessment Center," $1,407,337 (2011-2016)

• Co-PI, with S. DeLong, CSU School of Global and Environmental Sustainability, "Food, Energy,
Waste Nexus," $15,000 (2011-2012)

• Co-PI, with D. Radford, Stolle Manufacturing Company LLC., "Independent Energy Baseline
Analysis and Senior Design of Stolle Standun Bodymaker," $120,000 (2011-2012)

• PI, Air Force Research Laboratory, "Small Hybrid Propulsion System Demonstrator, Follow-up"
$10,000 (2011-2012).

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Real World Energy Use Modeling and Experiments for
Conventional and Electrified Transportation, $88,565 (2011-2012).

• PI, US Department of Energy and General Motors, "EcoCAR2" $415,383 (>$76M in-kind), (2011-
2014)

• Co-PI, with Hagen, C., US Air Force Research Laboratory, "University Design Challenge," $60,000
(2011-2014)

• PI, US Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Joint Institute for
Strategic Energy Analysis, "Financial Models for Utility Market Transformation," $44,925 (2010-
2011)

• PI, University of California at Davis / California Energy Commission, "Bridge Study for
Comparison of Costs and Benefits of Battery-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Grid Systems," $48,000
(2010-2011)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Modeling and Decision
Support - Follow-up," $100,000 (2010-2011).

• PI, Air Force Research Laboratory, "Small Hybrid Propulsion System Demonstrator," $35,000
(2010-2011).

• Faculty Advisor, US Department of Transportation, "Dwight Dwight David Eisenhower
Transportation Fellowship Program - Eric Wood," $5000 (2010)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Fuel Cell
Powered Materials Handling Equipment," $20,000 (2010)

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• Co-PI, with Zimmerle, D., Colorado State University Engineering Student Technology
Committee Grant, "Electric Drivetrain Teaching Center/' $24,950 (2010).

• Co-PI, with Williams, J., and Zimmerle, D., Colorado State University Clean Energy Supercluster,

"Thin Film-based Thermoelectric Generators," $18,000 (2010-2011).

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Plug-In Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Evaluation Phase 0,"
$17,938(2010)

• PI, University of Colorado Boulder - C2B2, "Lifecycle Sustainability Assessments for Microalgal
Biofuel Production," $34,817 (2010)

• PI, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Fire Prevention and Safety Grant, "Development
of an Integrated Super Critical Breathing Apparatus and Powered Air Purified Respirator,"
$916,923 (2009-2011).

• Author and Technical Lead, US Department of Energy, "ARRA - Advanced Electric Drive Vehicle
Education Program," $5,136,101 (2009-2013), PI for CSU subcontract of $750,000 (2009-2014).

• PI, United Technologies Research Center, "24 hour PEM Powered Fixed Wing Demonstration,"
$17,509 (2009-2010)

• PI, Electric Power Research Institute, "Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Modeling and Decision
Support," $86,935 (2009)

• PI, Colorado State University Space Grant Consortium "24 hour PEM Powered Fixed Wing
Demonstration," $8,000 (2009)

• Co-PI, with Troxell, W., Spirae, Inc. "Continuous Power Supply for Engineering Research Center"
$10,000 (2008)

• 1st Prize SAIC Georgia Tech Student Paper Competition (2007)

• Department of Energy Graduate Automotive Technology Education Fellowship Recipient (2001
to 2002)

• College of Engineering Outstanding Senior, University of California at Davis (2000)

• National Merit Scholar Semifinalist (1995)

ACADEMIC SERVICE

Professional Affiliations:

Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1995-present)

Member, Society of Automotive Engineers (1999- present)

Member, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (2005- present)

Member, International Council on Systems Engineering (2016- present)

Peer Reviewer, 2017 DOE Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program and Vehicle Technologies Office Annual Merit

Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting.

Peer Reviewer, 2016,2018 NREL Strategic Energy Analysis and Transportation Research LDRD Peer

Evaluation Meeting.

Organizer and Instructor, "Energy, the Environment and Transportation: a Professional Development

Workshop Series for Teachers," CSU Vehicle Electrification Education Program (2012-2013)

Technical Area Organizer, Energy Storage Systems and Technologies, ASME/SAE/AIAA International

Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (2011-12)

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Member, CSU ME Faculty Search Committee (2009-2011, 2014-2016)

Member, CSU SE Faculty Search Committee (2016-present)

Faculty Member, Engineering Student Technology Committee (2008-2010), College of Engineering
Executive Committee (2015-present)

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Zeigler Outstanding Educator Award Committee
(2008)

Reviewer for Journal of Hazardous Materials (2014), Transportation Research Part D: Emerging
Technologies (2014, 2017), Journal of Engineering Research (2013-2014), Algal Research (2013-2018),
Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies (2013-2015), Disruptive Science and Technology
(2013), Journal of Power Sources (2009-2021), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2007- present),
Journal of Industrial Ecology (2022-present), Energies (2010-present), Proceedings of the IEEE (2010),
Applied Energy (2009-10), Environmental Science and Technology (2009- present), Transportation
Research Part C (2010), International Journal of Vehicle Design (2009), IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics (2009), Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (2007-2018), IEEE Transactions on
Control Systems Technology (2017-2018), Journal of Applied Phycology (2017), Journal of Defense
Modeling and Simulation (2021), Environmental Research Letters (2021-present), Systems Engineering
(2021-present)

Reviewer for American Society of Engineering Education (2015-2018), Algal BBB Conference (2012-
2015), SAE World Congress (2011-present), AIAA/SAE/ASME International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference (2009-2012), ASME Design, Engineering and Technology Conference (2011),
ASME International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology (2006)

Speaker, CSU College of Engineering, Engineering Breakfast Series, (October 2013)

Speaker, ASME Centennial Section, (May 2013)

Speaker, ASME Centennial Section, (May 2012)

Speaker, CSU College of Engineering, Engineering Breakfast Series, (November 2011)

Speaker, ASME Centennial Section, (August 2011)

Speaker, ASME Centennial Section, (November 2009)

Member, ASME Early Career Professor Task Force (October 2009)

Speaker, CSU College of Engineering, Engineering Breakfast Series, (December 2009)

Technical Reviewer, "Electric Vehicles in Colorado," Colorado State University Extension, Fact Sheet No.
10.630, 2012.

Public Testimony "The Role of Plug-in HEVs as Precursors to FCHEVs and Full-function BEVs," California
Air Resource Board, March 27, 2003, Sacramento, California.

Advisor, McNair Scholars Program (for students of disadvantaged backgrounds) Advisor (May to August
2009)

Advisor, California Alliance for Minority Participation in Math, Science & Engineering (June 2001 to June
2002)

Member, Reimagine RTD Advisory Committee, (2020-present)

Technical Advisory Board Member, Colorado Energy Office Hydrogen Roadmap, (2019-2021)

Technical Advisory Board Member, Colorado Energy Office Low Carbon Fuels Standard Feasibility Study
(2019-2021)

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Peer Review Report Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

Joint Appointee, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Mechanical and Thermal Systems Group (2020-
present)

Co-Chair, Strong Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Coalition (2020-present)

Technical Reviewer, Environmental Partners, "Xcel Energy Alamosa to Antonito Transmission Routing
Study." 2023

General Public Outreach Participation: Northern Colorado Clean Cities Coalition (Attended 2011), High
School Exploration Days (Attended 2010-2011), Denver Auto Show (Lab Group Attended 2012), Colorado
Electric Vehicle Day (Lab Group Attended 2012), Green Energy Summit (Lab Group Attended 2012),

Peace in the Park (Lab Group Attended 2012), Bixbo (Lab Group Attended 2012), Colorado Global
Climate Conference (2013), Girls Exploring Science Technology Engineering & Math (GESTEM) (Lab
Group Attended, 2013, 3014), Ride & Drive at American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Attended
2013), Fort Collins Rotary Club (Attended 2013), Nelsen's Old Town Car Show (Attended 2013), Fossil
Ridge High School (Attended 2013), CSU Powerhouse Energy Campus (Attended 2013), Blevins Middle
School (Lab Group Attended 2013), Drive Electric Northern Colorado Events (Attended 2013-2014),
EcoCAR2 send off outreach event (2014), College of Engineering Advisory Board Meeting/Luncheon
(2014), Denver Auto Show (2014), NREL Professional Outreach (2014), Powerhouse Campus Grand
Opening(2014), Fort Collins Earth Day Fair(2014), CSU Earth Week Festival(2014), Greeley High
School(2014), Northern Colorado Clean Cities (2014), CSU Engineering Days(2014), Presentation to CSU
Board of Governors at Powerhouse Energy Campus(2014), CSU/Siemens Joint Event(2014), Arrow
Electronics/CSU Joint Event(2014), PLI-lnnovation Presentation (2014), Odyssey Alternative Fuel Day
(2014-2018), PLI-Ethics Lecture(2014, 2015), Blevins Middle School Clean Energy Workshop (2014,
2015), National Drive Electric Week (2014), Preston Middle School (2015), Spark! (2015), Timnath STEM
Festival (2015), NoCo Clean Cities (2015, 2016), Sheperdson Elementary STEM Night (2015, 2016), Range
View High School (2016), NGC CyberSTEM Summer Program (2017,2018), Congressman Polis Listening
Session (2018), CSU Energy Club Youth Outreach (2018), Colorado Energy Research Collaboratory 2020
Webinars (2020) Northern Colorado Clean Cities' and Xcel Energy's Partners EV Planning Workshop 4
(2021), North Front Range Metropolitan Planning Organization (2021), Connected & Autonomous
Vehicles Energy & Mobility Improvements (Denver Metro Clean Cities, 2021), DRCOG Advanced Mobility
Partnership (AMP) Working Group (2021), 21st Century Energy Transition Symposium (2021), She's in
Power (2021), Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment Pollution Prevention Board

(2021), EPRI Electrification Conference, Charlotte, NC(2022), Colorado Environmental Management
Society (CEMS) (2022), Power Magazine Conference Denver, CO (2022), Colorado Bar Association (2022),
Lockheed Martin Sikorsky Lunch and Learn (2022), DARPA Risers Reviewer (2022), Testimony CARB ACCII

(2022), DHS CISA Table Top Exercise (2022).

GRADUATE STUDENTS ADVISED

Primary Advisor, Expected Graduation Date (Current Affiliation, S 2023) Dissertation/Thesis Title

1. David Trinko, PhD 2023 (EPRI) TBD

2. Aaron Rabinowitz, PhD 2023 (CSU), TBD

3. Dan Johnston, D.Eng., 2023 (Ball Aerospace)

4. Kyle Blond, D.Eng., 2024 (GTRI)

5. Kent Lambert, D.Eng., 2024 (BlockFrame)

6. Jose Alvarado, PhD., 2024 (USAF)

7. Todd Spierling, PhD., 2024 (Collins Aviation)

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8. Harold Kleinwaks, D.Eng., 2024 (Space Development Agency)

9. Sarah Shaw, PhD, 2024, (Aerospace Corporation)

10. Eric Herbert, PhD 2024, (Aerospace Corporation)

11. Fletcher Ouren, MS 2024 (CSU)TBD

12. Alexander Lynch, MS 2024 (CSU) TBD
Graduated

1. Samantha White, MS 2022 (Lightning E Motors) Physical validation of predictive acceleration
control on a parallel hybrid electric vehicle.

2. Chon Ang Chia, MS 2022 (Keysight Technologies) Sensing and data fusion to characterize vehicle
behavior surrounding autonomous vehicles.

3. Christopher Roberts, PhD 2022 (NASA Goddard), Space Communications Responsive to Events
Across Missions (SCREAM): An Investigation of Network Solutions for Transient Science Space
Systems

4. Dustin Birch, PhD 2021 (Weber State University) Development of human factors hazard model
for use in systems safety analysis

5. Trevor Ault, PhD 2021 (Chevron), Modernizing automation in industrial control/cyber physical
systems through the systems engineering lifecycle

6. Ian Lunsford, PhD 2021 (CACI), Aircraft survivability modeling, evaluation and optimization for
multi-UAV operational scenarios

7. Gregory Marzolf, PhD 2021 (CSU), Systems Engineering Analysis and Application to the
Emergency Management System

8. Clinton Knackstedt, MS 2021 (General Motors), System Identification ofGM 8L65 8 Speed
Automatic Transmission

9. Derek Adelmann, MS 2021 (United Launch Alliance), Post transmission parallel hybrid vehicle
design and validation for predictive acceleration event energy management strategies

10. Paulo Younse, PhD 2021 (NASA JPL) Comparative analysis of model-based systems engineering
and traditional systems engineering approaches for architecting robotics space systems through
knowledge categorization automatic information transfer, and automatic knowledge processing
measures

11. Ben McKenney, MS 2021 (Wolf Robotics) Comparison of design and implementation of hybrid
systems in prototype vehicles

12. Aaron Rabinowitz, MS 2020 (CSU) Towards Enabling predictive optimal energy management
system with real-world considerations

13. David Trinko, MS 2019 (EPRI) Dataset Processing and Control Type Classification for Acceleration
Events

14. Gabriel DiDomenico, MS 2019 (General Motors) In vehicle validation of energy consumption
modeling and simulation

15. Matthew Knopf, MS 2019 (Ball Aerospace), Comprehensive concept phase system safety analysis
for hybrid electric vehicles utilizing automated driving functions

16. Jennifer Kurtz, PhD 2019 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Innovative Hydrogen Station
Operation Strategies to Increase Availability and Decrease Cost

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17. Carlos Quiroz-Arita, PhD 2018 (Sandia National Laboratory), Sustainability tradeoffs within
photoautotrophic cultivation systems: integrating physical and lifecycle modeling for design and
optimization.

18. Bao Nguyen, MS., 2018 (Lockheed Martin) Low Work Function Filament Cathodes for Electron
Beam Additive Manufacturing

19. Zach Asher, PhD 2018 (Western Michigan University) Prediction and Sensing Algorithms for HEV
fuel economy improvement

20. David Baker, MS, 2018 (Lightning Systems), Development of Predictive Energy Management
Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

21. Charlie Quann, MS, 2017 (Antea Group), Renewables Firming Using Grid-Scale Battery Storage in
a Real-Time Pricing Market

22. Thomas Decker, MS, 2017 (FactorE) A Modeling Tool for Household Biogas Burner Flame Port
Design

23. Cody Pickering, MS, 2016 (Purestream Services) Methane emissions from gathering pipeline
networks, distribution systems, agriculture, waste management and natural sources.

24. Eric Jambor, MS 2016 (Janicki Industries), Manufacturing and testing of spline geometry using
carbon reinforced composite

25. Spencer Vore, MS 2016 (Booz Allan), Acquisition and Analysis of Charging and Driving Behavior
Data for a Fleet of PHEVs

26. Christopher Anderson, MS, 2017 (LBNL), Investigation of indirect (secondary loop) refrigeration
systems in commercial food service buildings.

27. Clay Bell, PhD 2015 (CSU), State-based engine models for transient applications with a scalable
approach to turbocharging

28. Ray Duthu, PhD 2015 (Quantitative Scientific Solutions) Financial and environmental impact of
new technologies in the energy sector

29. Zaker Syed, MS 2015 (Clemson University) A real-time building HVAC model implemented as a
tool for decision making in early stages of design

30. Jake Bucher, MS 2014 (Rivian Automotive, Inc.) Analyzing the Real World Integration of Fuel Cell
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and their Effect on Hydrogen Refueling Locations

31. Mohammad Malakoutirad, MS 2014 (Ford Motor Company) Design Considerations for an
Engine-Integrated Natural Gas Compressor

32. Shawn Salisbury, MS 2014 (Idaho National Laboratory), Understanding Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicle Use, Design, and Functionality.

33. Justin Wagner, MS 2014 (Boeing), Evaluation of Power Assist Hydraulic and Electric Hybrids for
Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicle Applications

34. Benjamin Geller, MS 2010, PhD 2014 (Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North
America), Objective Comparison of Hybrid Vehicles through Simulation Optimization

35. Liaw Batan, PhD 2014 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Life Cycle and Technoeconomic
Analysis of Microalgae-based Biofuels

36. Kiran Kambly, PhD 2014 (Advanced Energy Industries, Inc.), Real World Energy Use for
Conventional and Electrified Transportation

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37. Kristina Armstrong, MS 2013 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Analysis of Lifecyde Assessment
of Food/Energy/Waste Systems and Development and Analysis of Microalgae
Cultivation/Wastewater Treatment Inclusive System.

38. Matthew Fox, MS 2013 (Tesla Motors), Assessment, Design and Control Strategy Development of
a Plug-in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle for CSU's EcoCAR2

39. Jacob Renquist, MS 2013 (General Motors), Economic and Environmental Analysis of Fuel Cell
Powered Materials Handling Equipment

40. Nicholas Wagner, MS 2012 (Amazon Robotics) Servo blower control for powered air purifying
respirators

41. Brian Johnston, MS 2012 (Lightning E-Motors), Assessment of V2G for Department of Defense
Applications.

42. Nicholas Echter, MS 2012 (CZero) Design of Hydraulic Accumulator Systems to Improve Fuel
Economy in Industrial-Vehicle Hydraulic Work Circuits.

43. Baha Al-Alawi, PhD 2012 (CalStart), Decision support tools for policy development to support
market penetration of plug-in vehicles

44. Timothy Campbell, MS 2012 (Lightning E-Motors), Dynamic Modeling and Control of Battery-to-
Grid Energy Storage Systems

45. Casey Quinn, MS 2011 (CSU) State of Charge Resolved Modeling of Vehicle to Grid Systems

46. Jason Quinn, PhD 2011 (Colorado State University), Experimental and theoretical models of the
microalgae-to-biofuels process for geographic and climactic optimization of bioreactor design

47. Markus Lutz, MS 2011 (BMW Munich), Development of an Electric-drive Powertrain Test Stand
and Battery-to-Grid Storage Test Stand

48. Eric Wood, MS 2011 (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Investigation of Battery End- of-
Life Conditions for Plug- in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

49. Barbara Morgan Davis, MS 2010 (Pacific Gas and Electric Company), Understanding the Effects
and Infrastructure Needs of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging

Thesis Committee Member

Committee Member for 53 additional M.S., Ph.D. and M.E students.

POST-DOCTORAL FELLOWS

1. Liaw Batan, PhD. 2020-2022, CSU

2. Nawa Baral, PhD. 2017-2018, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

3. Brian Dickman, PhD. 2010-2011, Associate Professor, West Virginia University - Institute of
Technology

4. Jason Quinn, PhD. 2011-2012, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Colorado State University

5. Kenneth Stanton, PhD. 2010-2012, Dean of Academic and Student Affairs, Dr. Kiran C. Patel High
School, Institute for Innovation, Tampa, FL

6. Baha Al-Alawi, PhD. 2012, CalStart, Boulder, CO

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Work Assignment 4-20/5-20, Contract 68HE0C18C0001

David W. Cooke, III

Union of Concerned Scientists
1825 K St NW, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20006

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in Physics; University of California, Berkeley, CA; 2010

Dissertation: Thermodynamic Measurements of Applied Magnetic Materials (December 2010)
Advisor: Frances Hellman

M.S. in Physics; University of California, San Diego, CA; 2004

B.S. in Physics; Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA; 2002

POLICY EXPERIENCE

2015 to Present: Senior Vehicles Analyst, Union of Concerned Scientists, Clean Transportation Program
Fulfilled duties listed for Vehicles Analyst position as well as the following:

• In coordination with Deputy Director and Research Director, set research objectives and goals
and coordinated overall research projects.

• Wrote and edited technical and policy papers, magazine/journal articles, and other materials for
publication.

• Collaborated with analytic, policy, outreach, and media staff to apply research results and
conclusions to the formulation and development of public policies, political strategies, and
communication efforts to promote viable transportation and oil saving technologies and
strategies.

• Provided technical information and expertise through written materials and public speaking.
Actively promote promising legislation through letters of support and other lobbying efforts.

2013 to 2015: Vehicles Analyst, Union of Concerned Scientists, Clean Vehicles Program

• Lead analyst on heavy-duty and light-duty vehicle efficiency regulations.

• Produced fact sheets, testimony, blogs, and other analytic materials for both internal and
external audiences

• Represented UCS in external settings, including public hearings and technical meetings.

2012 to 2013: Associate Program Officer, The National Academy of Sciences, Board on Energy and
Environmental Systems

• Coordinated teams of experts in analysis of energy and efficiency projects.

• Developed chapter on economic modeling of the transition to alternatively-fueled vehicles
under intense time pressure.

• Produced internal report summarizing literature on advanced vehicles.

• Organized forums on natural gas, critical materials, sustainability, vehicle costs, and the
resilience of the electric power system.

• Edited reports on solid-state lighting, hydrokinetic power, and alternatively fueled vehicles.

Fall 2011: Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Fellow, The National Academy of Sciences, Board on
Energy and Environmental Systems

• Synthesized technical research for inclusion in various committees' reports.

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Spring 2011: Goldman School of Public Policy (UCB) Consultant, Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 9

• Worked with EPA and GSPP to determine what EPA can do in San Joaquin Valley to mitigate
impacts of air quality on this impoverished area of CA.

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

2004 to 2011: Graduate Student Researcher / Junior Specialist, University of California, Berkeley, CA

Micromachined heater stage - Developed use of calorimeter as in-situ heater stage (Ref. 8); worked

with Stanford researchers to grow biaxially-oriented MgO in order to measure epitaxial thin films (Ref.

• The metamagnetic transition of FeRh alloys — Worked with the Center for Magnetic Recording
Research at UCSD to obtain Fe-Rh alloys that undergo an AF>FM transition just above room
temperature; measured the specific heat of equiatomic and Fe-rich alloys (where the transition
is suppressed) to observe an anomalous signature representative of the thermal fluctuation
model of the transition (Ref. 10); photoemission examined electronic DOS around TAF>FM (Ref.
9); magnetic moment orientation was studied via Mossbauer spectrometry (Ref. 11)

• Probing the Fe/Cr multi-layer interface — Collaborated with Hitachi Global Storage
Technologies' San Jose Research Center to obtain industrial-grown Fe/Cr multi-layers with high
GMR; sputtered Fe/Cr multi-layer structures under various growth conditions to alter interfacial
properties; used fabricated microcalorimeters to examine the density of states at the interface
of these films (Ref. 5)

• Disorder in sputtered Cr films — Examined electronic and phononic densities of state (DOS) in
sputtered Cr by altering growth conditions; measured DOS through specific heat measurements
on thin-film calorimeters (Ref. 3); compared results to resistivity measurements (Ref. 4) to form
cohesive picture

• Small sample calorimetry — Developed technique to mount samples too small to be measured
by traditional bulk techniques (l-100ng); first specific heat measurements of Fe2Si04 spinel, a
high-pressure (multi-anvil cell) material found in the earth's mantle (Ref. 1); oversaw
undergraduate student to develop and run a MATLAB simulation of this technique (Ref. 2)

• Microfabrication of "calorimeter on a chip" — Worked in on-campus micro-fabrication facility to
make membrane-based calorimeters for use with micro-grams of material (thin films and small
samples)

2003 to 2004: Graduate Student Researcher, University of California, San Diego, CA

• High temperature calorimetry - Redesigned differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for use as a
high-temperature semi-adiabatic relaxation calorimetry system for use with micro-machined
calorimeters.

INTERNSHIPS

2001: Quality Assurance Intern, Quantum Design, San Diego, CA

2000: Lab Technician, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

2002 to 2003: Teaching Assistant, University of California, San Diego, CA

2000 to 2001: Lab Assistant, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA

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1999 to 2002: Grader, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA

TRANSPORTATION PUBLICATIONS
Reports

3. Time for a U-Turn: Automakers' History of Intransigence and an Opportunity for Change. Cooke, D.
Union of Concerned Scientists, December 2017. Online at www.ucsusa.org/automaker-uturn.

2. Engines for Change. Cooke, D. Union of Concerned Scientists, March 2015. Online at
http://www.ucsusa.org/enginesforchange.

1. Automaker Rankings 2014: The Environmental Performance of Car Companies. Cooke, D. Union of
Concerned Scientists, May 2014. Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/autorankings2014.

Technical/Whitepapers

6. "Rolling Back the Rollback: Strong Near-term Standards to Set Up a Cleaner Future." Cooke, D.

Union of Concerned Scientists, April 2021.

5. "Evaluating Automakers' Proposed Changes to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Light-duty
Vehicles." Cooke, D. Union of Concerned Scientists, June 2019.

4. "The SUV Loophole: How a changing sales mix is affecting the efficacy of light-duty vehicle efficiency
regulations." Cooke, D. Union of Concerned Scientists, September 2016.

3. "The trade-off between fuel economy and performance: Implications for the mid-term evaluation of
the National Program." Cooke, D. Union of Concerned Scientists, February 2016.

2. "Fuel savings available in new heavy-duty trucks in 2025." Khan, S., Cooke, D., and Tonachel, T.
Paper presented at the 94th meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015,
Washington, DC. TRB Paper 15-4977.

1. "Determining representative duty cycles for heavy-duty vehicles." Cooke, D. Union of Concerned
Scientists, October 2014.

Fact Sheets (primary or sole authorship)

7. "Even with Low Gas Prices, Vehicle Standards Offer Consumers Big Savings." Union of Concerned
Scientists, September 2016. Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/midtermreview.

6. "More Trucks and SUVs Make Standards More Important, Not Harder to Achieve." Union of
Concerned Scientists, June 2016. Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/midtermreview.

5. "Innovation Wins: Driving Fuel Economy Gains with New Technologies." Union of Concerned
Scientists, June 2016. Online at Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/midtermreview.

4. "Fuel Economy and Emissions Standards for Cars and Trucks, Model Years 2017 to 2025." Union of
Concerned Scientists, June 2016. Online at Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/midtermreview.

3. "Newly proposed heavy-duty truck efficiency standards for 2018-2029." Union of Concerned
Scientists, July 2015. Online at http://www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/fuel-efficiencv/proposed-
truck-standards.

2. "Tomorrow's Clean Vehicles, Today." Union of Concerned Scientists, May 2015. Online at
http://www.ucsusa.org/cleanvehiclestoday.

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I. "Big Rigs, Big Oil Savings: Technologies to reduce heavy-duty vehicle fuel use and emissions." Union
of Concerned Scientists, March 2014. Online at

http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/clean vehicles/Truck-Technology-Factsheet.pdf.

Regulatory Comments

13. Comments regarding Alternative Methods for Calculating Off-cycle Credits under the Light-duty
Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Application from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV, Docket
# EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0076, submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, May 5, 2021.

12. Comments regarding the Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking—Control of air pollution from
new motor vehicles: Heavy-duty engine standards (Cleaner Trucks Initiative), Docket No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2019-0055, submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, May 20, 2020.

II. Comments regarding General Motors' Petition for Temporary Exemption from Various
Requirements of the Safety Standards for an All-Electric Vehicle with an Automated Driving System,
submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, May 20, 2019. NHTSA-2019-0016-0030.

10. Comments regarding Light-duty Vehicle GHG Program Technical Amendments, submitted on behalf
of the Union of Concerned Scientists, November 30, 2018. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0755-0017.

9. Comments concerning the Proposed Rulemaking to Revise Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards: Technical Appendix,
submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, October 26, 2018. EPA-HQ-OAR-2018-
0283-5840.

8. Comments concerning the Reconsideration of the Final Determination of the Mid-term Evaluation of
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicles and the
Appropriateness of Model Year 2021 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards, submitted on behalf of
the Union of Concerned Scientists, October 5, 2017. EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-0827-9200.

7. Comments regarding an Alternative Method for Calculating Off-Cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty
Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications from BMW Group, Ford Motor Co., and
Hyundai Motor Group. Joint comment submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists,
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, and the Natural Resources Defense Council, July
19, 2017. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0189-0016.

6. Comment regarding the granting of petition for rulemaking submitted by the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers and the Association of Global Automakers. Joint comment of the American Council
for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Natural Resources Defense Council, Safe Climate Campaign, Sierra
Club, and Union of Concerned Scientists, February 15, 2017. NHTSA-2016-0135-0002.

5. Comment regarding EPA's proposed determination on the appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-
2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the midterm evaluation,
submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, December 30, 2016. EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-
0827-6209.

4. Comments regarding Off-Cycle Credits under the Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Program: Application for Alternative Method of Calculation, BMW Group, Ford Motor Co., General
Motors Corp., Volkswagen Group of America, submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned
Scientists, October 3, 2016. EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0503-0008.

3. Comments Concerning the Draft Technical Assessment Report for the Mid-term Evaluation of Model
Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Economy Standards,

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submitted on behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, September 26, 2016. EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-
0827-4016.

2. Comments regarding the EPA and NHTSA jointly proposed rule, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel
Efficiency Standards for Medium and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles (Phase 2), submitted on
behalf of the Union of Concerned Scientists, October 1, 2015. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0827-1329.

1. Comments regarding Alternative Methods for Calculating Off-cycle Credits under the Light-duty
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Mercedes-Benz Vehicles, submitted on behalf of the Union of
Concerned Scientists, October 31, 2013. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0643-0010.

SCIENTIFIC (PHYSICS) PUBLICATIONS

11. "Fe spin reorientation across the metamagnetic transition in strained FeRh thin films," Bordel, C.,
Juraszek, J., Cooke, David W., Mankovsky, S., Minar, J., Moyerman, S., Fullerton, E. E., and Hellman,
F. Physical Review Letters 109, 117201 (2012).

10. "Thermodynamic measurements of Fe-Rh alloys," Cooke, David W., Bordel, C., Moyerman, S.,
Fullerton, E.E., and Hellman, F. Physical Review Letters 109, 255901 (2012).

9. "Electronic structure changes across the metamagnetic transition in FeRh via hard X-ray

photoemission," Gray, A. X., Cooke, David W., Kriiger, P., Bordel, C., Kaiser, A. M., Moyerman, S.,
Fullerton, E. E., Ueda, S., Yamashita, Y., Gloskovskii, A., Schneider, C. M., Drube, W., Kobayashi, K.,
Hellman, F., and Fadley, C. S. Physical Review Letters 108, 257208 (2012).

8. "Heat transfer simulation and thermal measurements of microfabricated x-ray transparent heater
stages," Baldasseroni, C., Queen, D. R., Cooke, David W., Maize, K., Shakouri, A., and Hellman, F.
Review of Scientific Instruments 82, 093904 (2011).

7. "Electron-mediated ferromagnetism in CoO/ZnO multilayer," Lee, H.-J., Karel, J., Cooke, David W.,
and Hellman, F. Physical Review Letters 110, 087206 (2013).

6. "Calorimetry of epitaxial thin films," Cooke, David W., Groves, J.R., Clemens, B.M., Hellman, F.,
Moyerman, S., and Fullerton, E.E. Review of Scientific Instruments 82, 023908 (2011).

5. "Enhanced density of states in Fe/Cr multi-layers," Cooke, David W., Queen, D.R., and Hellman, F.
(in preparation).

4. "Resonant impurity scattering and electron-phonon scattering in the electrical resistivity of Cr thin
films," Boekelheide, Z., Cooke, David W., Helgren, E., and Hellman, F. Physical Review B 80, 134426
(2009).

3. "The role of the spin-density wave and disorder in the density of states of sputtered Cr films,"
Cooke, David W., Boekelheide, Z., Queen, D.R., and Hellman, F. Journal of Applied Physics 105,
07C314 (2009).

2. "Thermodynamic measurement of submilligram bulk samples using a membrane-based 'calorimeter
on a chip'," Cooke, David W., Michel, K.J., and Hellman, F. Review of Scientific Instruments 79,
053902 (2008).

1. "Application of calorimetry on a chip to high-pressure materials," Navrotsky, A., Dorogova, M.,
Hellman, F., Cooke, David W., Zink, B.L., Lesher, C.E., Boerio-Goates, J., Woodfie

NATIONAL ACADEMIES REPORTS

• The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters
(2013, rapporteur)

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• Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels (2013)

• Assessment of Solid State Lighting (2013)

• An Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Energy's Marine and Hydrokinetic Resource Assessments
(2013)

PRESENTATIONS

Transportation

• "Heaven or Hell? How to Shape AV Regulation to Maximize Potential Benefits/' Efficiency Town Hall
(part 2), 2021 Transportation Research Board Annual Automated Road Transportation Symposium,
virtual event (July 14, 2021) (INVITED)

• "Expert Panel Discussion: Light-duty GHG and Electric Vehicle Policy Structure," SAE Government
and Industry Meeting, virtual event(February 3, 2021) (INVITED)

• "The Role of Regulation in Addressing the Climate Crisis," SAE Government and Industry Meeting,
virtual event (February 2, 2021) (INVITED)

• "Policy considerations for reducing fuel use from passenger vehicles, 2025-2035," 2nd Meeting of
the Committee for the Assessment of Technologies for Improving Fuel Economy of Light-Duty
Vehicles-Phase 3 (National Academies' National Research Council), Washington, DC (July 16, 2018)
(INVITED)

• "Getting to Zero Emissions: Heavy-duty Pathways to 2050," Green Truck Summit, at the Work Truck
Show, Indianapolis, IN (March 14, 2017) (INVITED)

• "Why do fuel economy standards matter with cheap gas?" 96th Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (January 10, 2017) (INVITED)

• "Vocational vehicles: How new regulations could affect this complex segment," SAE Commercial
Vehicle Engineering Congress, Rosemont, IL (October 7, 2015) (INVITED)

• "Opportunities for reducing fuel usage from heavy-duty vehicles—EPA/NHTSA standards, phase 2,"
SAE Government/Industry Meeting, Washington, DC (January 22, 2015) (INVITED)

Physics

• "Calorimetry of epitaxial thin films," American Physical Society - March Meeting 2011, Dallas, TX
(March 24, 2011)

• "Examining the AF>FM transition in Fe-Rh thin films through specific heat, photoemission, and
Mossbauer spectrometry measurements," American Physical Society - March Meeting 2011, Dallas,
TX (March 23, 2011)

• "Thermodynamic measurements of iron-rhodium alloys," American Physical Society - March
Meeting 2010, Portland, OR (March 17, 2010).

• "The role of the spin-density wave and disorder in the density of states of sputtered Cr films," 53rd
Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Austin, TX (November 13, 2008).

• "Heat capacity measurements of Fe/Cr multi-layers," American Physical Society - March Meeting
2008, New Orleans, LA (March 13, 2008).

• "Application of 'calorimetry-on-a-chip' technology to heat capacities of quenched high pressure
samples," COMPRES Calorimetry-on-a-Chip Workshop, Berkeley, CA (March 15, 2007) (INVITED)

• "Heat capacity measurements of sub-milligram quantities of mantle materials," American Physical
Society - March Meeting 2006, Baltimore, MD (March 15, 2006).

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HONORS AND COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

• Member, Mobile Source Technical Review Subcommittee (MSTRS) of the Clean Air Act Advisory
Committee (CAAAC), US EPA (2018-present)

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John M. German

PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT

Sept. 2018 to present JG AUTOMOTIVE CONSULTING, LLC

• Consulting services for automotive technology, compliance and enforcement, policy,
rulemaking, and consumer behavior.

January 2009 to August 2018 SENIOR FELLOW, INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN

TRANSPORTATION

• Primary responsibility for technology innovation and U.S. policy development.

• Part of team that conducted testing uncovering VW defeat devices and efforts to improve
enforcement worldwide.

• Wrote series of six technology assessment papers in cooperation with suppliers.

February 1998 to January 2009 MANAGER, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY ANALYSIS, PRODUCT

REGULATORY OFFICE, AMERICAN HONDA MOTOR CORPORATION

• Provide policy and technical analyses on vehicle emissions and energy issues.

• Liaison between Honda R&D, both in the U.S. and Japan, and external organizations, including
government agencies, environmental groups, other manufacturers, academia, and state
representatives.

• Primary Honda representative on fuel economy and global warming issues, including testifying
before Congress six times, writing testimony, writing responses to CAFE rulemaking, and making
presentations.

October, 1986 to January, 1998 SENIOR TECHNICAL ADVISOR, U.S. EPA OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCES.

• Supervised up to 8 employees, managed development of regulations and guidance, and served
as technical consultant on a wide variety of issues.

• Technical manager for study on Tier II emission standards for cars and light trucks.

• Designed and managed extensive research project evaluating in-use driving behavior and its
impact on emissions in support of new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure regulations and
requirements. Created and managed extensive usage of teams across organizational
boundaries.

• Managed the development of the Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study.

• Managed rulemaking for Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide Standards.

• Worked with transportation planners to help create and develop a computer simulation model
for vehicle emissions (as part of 2011-13 NCHRP project).

• EPA senior technical advisor on greenhouse gas and fuel economy issues, including CAFE
alternatives, in-use fuel economy factors, and advanced technology. Active member of EPA
global warming team and an inter-agency modeling team.

• Created and managed rulemaking assessing LDT CAFE test procedure adjustments.

• Developed policy guidance for driver-selectable devices, coastdown procedures, dynamometer
power absorption settings, and model year definition and duration.

May, 1985 to Sept., 1986 TEAM LEADER, U.S. EPA OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCES.

• Supervised 3 employees and managed manufacturer motor vehicle emissions compliance
program.

• Wrote guidance on numerous certification procedure issues.

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December, 1981 to May, 1985 ENGINEERING SUPERVISOR, CHRYSLER POWERTRAIN.

• Supervised 6 engineers, supported product planning, and developed strategies to optimize
vehicle fuel economy and to ensure compliance with all fuel economy requirements.

Chrysler's principal technical advisor on fuel economy and methods to improve CAFE
Provided technical analyses and written responses to proposed regulations.

Represented Chrysler on fuel economy matters with EPA and NHTSA.

Provided CAFE projections and analyzed CAFE impacts of future product changes.

Team leader of a project to implement Shift Indicator Lights.

November, 1976 to December, 1981 ENGINEER, CHRYSLER POWERTRAIN.

Designed and implemented, from scratch, Chrysler's system to comply with extensive EPA fuel economy
regulations issued in 1975. Also coordinated fuel economy testing, served as liaison with EPA, helped
write responses to proposed regulations, and worked on special projects.

AWARDS and ADVISORY COMMITTEES

2015 ECOBEST AWARD from Autobest.org, for uncovering the VW diesel defeat device

2010-13 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - Committee on Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and
Fuels; vehicle subcommittee lead.

2011-13 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM - Committee on Effects of
Changing Transportation Energy Supplies and Alternative Fuel Sources on State
Departments of Transportation

2008 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings

and Greenhouse Gass Reductions from Transportation
2006 SAE ENGINEERING MEETINGS OUTSTANDING ORAL PRESENTATION AWARD, for "It's a

High-MPG Vehicle Issue, Not a Hybrid Issue", SAE Government/Industry Mtg.

2004 BARRY MCNUTT AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN AUTOMOTIVE POLICY ANALYSIS

1st recipient of annual award from the SAE

2002-2003 ADVISORY BOARD, Advanced Power Technology Alliance, Center for Automotive
Research, Ann Arbor, Ml

2002-2003 SAE INDUSTRIAL LECTURESHIP PROGRAM, to promote interaction between practicing
2001-2002 engineers and faculty and students via campus visits

1995 SILVER MEDAL, U.S. EPA for strategies to reduce air pollution from nonroad engines

1994 EPA SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT AWARD in Air Quality. Only person in EPA's Office of

Mobile Sources ever to receive this award.

1993 OUTSTANDING TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION in the 1992-93 Society for Technical

Communication of Southeastern Michigan Technical Publications Competition, for
"Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study"

1992 BRONZE MEDAL, U.S. EPA for the "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study"

1991 BRONZE MEDAL, U.S. EPA for the Cold Temperature Carbon Monoxide Rulemaking

LEADERSHIP TRAINING

2000 Honda Leader's Program - Center for Creative Leadership

1997

Modeling and Computer Simulation of Internal Combustion Engine-U. of Mich, course

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1996-7

Excellence in Government Fellows Program-Council for Excellence in Government

1995

Diversity Workshops - University of Michigan

1993

Total Quality Management

1992

Looking Glass Workshop: Leadership in Multilevel Organizations - Creative Leadership

1991

Use of Consultative Methods - EPA Institute

1990

Work Group Leadership - Conservation Foundation

1989

Regulation Development in EPA - EPA

1988

Planning Effective Meetings - EPA

1987

Zenger-Miller Supervision program on Behavior Modeling - EPA

1985

Personnel Management for Managers and Supervisors -OPM

1984

Interaction Management - Chrysler Institute

1982

Organizational Leadership and Productivity - Mansare Corp.

1982

Leadership Effectiveness Training - Chrysler Institute

1981

Supervisory Skills Training - Chrysler Institute

EDUCATION

1980-1984

University of Michigan. Completed 34 hours towards M.B.A. GPA: 7.9 (A=8.0)

1970-1975

University of Michigan, B.S., Physics (minor in Math).

Honors: National Merit Finalist, Honors Program, Dean's List
Activities: U. of Michigan Marching Band and Concert Band

PUBLICATIONS

• J. German, "How things work: OMEGA modeling case study based on the 2018 Toyota Camry",
working paper published 2018.02.21 by the ICCT. https://theicct.org/publications/how-things-
work-omega-modeling-case-studv-based-2018-toyota-camrv

• J. German, "U.S. fuel economy trends reflect a business strategy, not a technology challenge",
posted 19 January 2018. https://theicct.org/blog/staff/us-fuel-economy-trend-reflects-business-
strategy-not-tech-challenge

• J. German, "Technology Leapfrog: Or, all recent auto technology forecasts underestimate how
fast innovation is happening", posted 25 September 2017.
https://theicct.org/blog/staff/technology-leapfrogging

• Isenstadt, J. German, "Diesel Engines", 2017, published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/diesel-
engines

• Isenstadt, J. German (ICCT), M. Dorobantu (Eaton), "Naturally aspirated gasoline engines and
cylinder deactivation". 2017, published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/naturally-aspiratedgas-
engines-201606

• Meszler, D., German, J., Mock, P., & Bandivadekar, A. (2016). C02 reduction technologies for the
European car and van fleet: A 2025-2030 assessment. International Council on Clean
Transportation, https://theicct.org/publications/co2-reduction-technologies-european-car-and-
van-fleet-2025-2030-assessment

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Isenstadt, J. German (ICCT), M. Dorobantu (Eaton), D. Boggs (Ricardo), T. Watson (JCI),
"Downsized, boosted gasoline engines", 2016, published by ICCT.
http://www.theicct.org/downsized-boosted-gasoline-engines

Isenstadt, J. German (ICCT), P. Bubna, M. Wiseman (Ricardo), U. Venkatakrishnan, L. Abbasov
(SABIC), P. Guillen, N. Moroz (Detroit Materials), D. Richman (Aluminum Assoc.), G. Kolwich
(FEV), "Lightweighting technology development and trends in U.S. passenger vehicles", 2016,
published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/lightweighting-technology-development-and-trends-
us-passenger-vehicles

S. Osborne, J. Kopinsky, S. Norton (ITB), A. Sutherland, D. Lancaster, E. Nielsen (BorgWarner);
A.lsenstadt, J. German (ICCT), "Automotive thermal management technology", 2016, published
by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/automotive-thermal-management-technology

John German, "Hybrid vehicles: Trends in technology development and cost reduction", 2015,
published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/hvbrid-vehicles-trends-technology-development-
and-cost-reduction

V. Franco, F. Posada, J. German, P. Mock, "Real-world exhaust emissions from modern diesel
cars", October 2014, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/real-world-exhaust-emissions-
modern-diesel-cars

P. Mock, U. Tietge, V. Franco, J. German, A. Bandivadekar (ICCT), N. Ligterink (TNO), U.

Lambrecht (IFEU), J. Kiihlwein (KISU), I. Riemersma (Sidekick Project Support), "From laboratory
to road: A 2014 update", September 2014, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/laboratorv-
road-2014-update

John German, "U.S. Tier 3 vehicle emissions and fuel quality standards, final rule", March 2014,
published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/us-tier-3-vehicle-emissions-and-fuel-qualitv-standards-
final-rule

D. Meszler, J. German, P. Mock, A. Bandivadekar, J. Tu, "Summary of Eastern EU labor rate
impacts on EU cost curves", February 2014, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/summary-
eastern-eu-labor-rate-impacts-eu-cost-curves

S. Searle, F. Posada, C. Malins, J. German, "Technical barriers to the consumption of higher
blends of ethanol", February 2014, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/technical-barriers-
consumption-higher-blends-ethanol

John German, "Invited Commentary: The Future of U.S. Natural Gas is Utilities, Export, and
Trucks, not Cars", Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports, Springer International
Publishing AG 2014.

Bandivadekar, T. DeFries, J. German, S. Kishan, F. Posada, M. Sabisch, "In-Use Fuel Economy and
C02 Emissions Measurement using OBD Data on US Light-Duty Vehicles", SAE 2014-01-1623,
April 2014.

F. Posada and J. German, "Measuring in-use fuel economy: Summary of pilot studies", December
2013, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/measuring-in-use-fuel-economv-summary-pilot-
studies

Bandivadekar, J. German, U. Lambrecht, N. Ligterink, P. Mock, "From Laboratory to Road", May
2013, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/laboratory-road

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• Bandivadekar, J. German, D. Meszler, P. Mock, "Initial processing of Ricardo vehicle simulation
modeling C02 data", February 2013, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/initial-processing-
ricardo-vehicle-simulation-modeling-co2-data-0

• Bandivadekar, J. German, D. Meszler, P. Mock, "Mass reduction impacts on EU cost curves",
February 2013, published by ICCT. http://theicct.org/mass-reduction-impacts-eu-cost-curves

• D. Meszler, J. German, P. Mock, and A. Bandivadekar, "EU cost curve development
methodology", November 2012, published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/eu-cost-curve-
development-methodology

• D. Meszler, J. German, P. Mock, A. Bandivadekar, "Initial processing of Ricardo vehicle
simulation modeling C02 data", July 2012, published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/initial-
processing-ricardo-vehicle-simulation-modeling-co2-data

• F. Posada Sanchez, A. Bandivadekar, and J. German, Estimated Cost of Emission Reduction
Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles, published by ICCT, June 2012.
http://theicct.org/estimated-cost-emission-reduction-technologies-ldvs

• P. Mock, J. German, A. Bandivadekar, and I. Riemersma,"Discrepancies between type-approval
and real-world fuel consumption and C02 values in 2001-2011 European passenger cars",
published by ICCT, April 2012. http://www.theicct.org/fuel-consumption-discrepancies

• D. Kodjak, A. Bandivadekar, J. German, and N. Lutsey, "The regulatory engine: How smart policy
drives vehicle innovation", published by ICCT, January 2011. http://www.theicct.org/regulatorv-
engine

• John German, Hybrid Powered Vehicles, SAE Technology Profile T-119, 2nd edition, book
published by Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendate, Pa., 2011.

• J. German and N. Lutsey, "Size or Mass? The Technical Rationale for Selecting Size as an
Attribute for Vehicle Efficiency Standards", July 2010, published by ICCT.
http://www.theicct.org/2010/08/size-or-mass/

• J. German and D. Meszler, "Best Practices for Feebate Program Design and Implementation",
April 2010, published by ICCT. http://www.theicct.org/2010/04/feebate-best-practices/

• John German, "Leadtime, Customers, and Technology: Technology Opportunities and Limits on
the Rate of Deployment". Reducing Climate Impacts in the Transportation Sector. D. Sperling
and J. Cannon, Springer Press, 2008.

• D. Greene, J. German, and M. Delucchi, "Fuel Economy: The Case for Market Failure ". Reducing
Climate Impacts in the Transportation Sector. D. Sperling and J. Cannon, Springer Press, 2008.

• J. German, "Reducing Vehicle Emissions Through Cap and Trade Schemes". Driving Climate
Change: Cutting Carbon from Transportation. D. Sperling and J. Cannon, Elseview & Academic
Press, 2006.

• Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Vehicle Development, edited by John German, SAE PT-117, 2005.

• John German, "Hybrid Electric Vehicles", Encyclopedia of Energy, Elsevier & Academic Press,
2004

• John German, Hybrid Powered Vehicles, SAE Technology Profile T-119, book published by
Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendate, Pa., 2003.

• John German, "Hybrid Vehicles Go to Market", TR News #213, March-April 2001.

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John German, "VMT and Emission Implications of Growth in Light Truck Sales", Air and Waste
Management Association Emission Inventory Conference proceedings, Oct. 1997.

J. Alson, J. German, K. Gold, R. Larson, and M. Wolcott, "Transportation Energy Demand Models:
Why They Underestimate Greenhouse Gas Emissions", Climate Change Analysis Workshop
Proceedings, June 6-7, 1996.

John German, "Off-Cycle Emission and Fuel Efficiency Considerations", Asilomar conference on
Transportation and Energy, 1995.

John German, "Observations Concerning Current Motor Vehicle Emissions", SAE 950812, Feb.
1995.

J. Koupal and J. German, "Real-Time Simulation of Vehicle Emissions Using VEMISS", CRC On-
Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, April 1995.

S. Sheppard, J. Fieber, J. Cohen, and J. German, "Cold Start Motor Vehicle Emissions Model", Air
and Waste Management Association, Cincinnati, 1994. Paper ID: 94-RP107B.02

P. Enns, J. German, and J. Markey, "EPA's Survey of In-Use Driving Patterns: Implications for
Mobile Source Emission Inventories", AWMA/CARB Specialty Conference on Emission Inventory,
Pasadena, CA, October, 1993.

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IMoshin Omar

STUDIES

2008 - 2012: PhD student at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (highest distinction, with congratulations
of the board of examiners)

2002-2006: Master degree in Industrial Engineering (electro-mechanical engineering) from Erasmus
University College Brussels (distinction)

WORK EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE

April 2019 - present: CEO and founder of Avesta Battery & Energy Engineering (ABEE) Group (18

employees)

October 2015 - April 2019: Full Professor

October 2014-2015: Professor (10% ZAP-BOF)

2012 - 2014: Doctor Assistant (90%), Director of Battery Innovation Centre of MOBI Research Group
with specific expertise:

• Daily management of Battery team (32 researchers)

• Development of mid-size and large scale research projects (from 2010 until now)

• Strategy development of the Battery team

• Execution of scientific and industrial projects

• Management and follow-up of various research projects in the field of e-mobility and stationary
applications

• 2012 - 2014: teaching at INDI department (25%)

• Electricity I course in 1st bachelor (IW),

• Electricity II course in 1st bachelor (IW),

• Energy conversion course in 2nd bachelor (IW),

• Supervision student works Hybrid Vehicle Traction in 1st MA-WE (Bruface)

2008 - 2012: PhD student in the field of rechargeable energy storage systems for plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles

2006 - 2008: Technical advisor at SICK NV

2002 - 2006: Master degree in Industrial Engineering (electro-mechanical engineering) from Erasmus
University College Brussels (distinction)

2009-till now: reviewer for the following scientific conferences and journals:

• Energies,

• Journal of Energy conversion and Management,

• Journal of Power Sources,

• Journal of Electrochimica Acta,

• Journal of Applied Energy,

• International Journal of Physical Sciences,

• European Transaction on Electrical Power,

• Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,

• Journal of Chemistry,

• The International Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS),

• The International Vehicular Power Propulsion Conference (VPPC),

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• The European Electric Vehicle Congres

MEMBER/EXPERTS OF VARIOUS KEY EUROPEAN ASSOCIATIONS

• EGVIA: European Green Vehicle Initiative Association

o Strong participation since 2012

• ERTRAC: European Road Transport Research Advisory Council

o Strong contribution to roadmap activities

o Expert member of Working Group Global Competitiveness

• EUCAR: European Council for Automotive

o Advisor of EUCAR Sustainable Propulsion Programme Board

• EERA: European Energy Research Alliance

• EARPA: European Automotive Research Partners Association (Board Member since 2016 until
March 2019)

• EMIRI: Energy Materials Industrial Research initiative

• BERA: Chairman Thematic Group of Energy Storage of Belgian Energy Storage Alliance

• IEC/ISO: member of various International Standardization Committees such as ISO/TC 22/SC 37

• UITP: The International Association of Public Transport

PHD THESIS SUPERVISION (COMPLETED)

(Co)-promoter & supervision of following PhD researchers:

1. Jelle Smekens: Modeling techniques for optimization of lithium-ion batteries, 2012-2016, daily
supervisor,

2. Ahmadou Samba: Battery electrical vehicles - Analysis of thermal modeling and thermal
management, 2012-2015, co-promoter,

3. Mohamed Abdel Monem: Comprehensive Techno-Economic Analysis of a Second-Life Battery
Module for Smart Grid, 2012-2015, daily supervisor,

4. Odile Capron: Lithium-ion batteries - Temperature and ageing dependent electrochemical
characterisations and numerical modeling, 2014-2017, copromoter,

5. Maitane Berecibar: Development of accurate state of health estimation techniques for lithium-
ion batteries, 2014-2016, Promoter,

6. Joris de Hoog: Development of a lifetime model for lithium-ion batteries, 2014-2018, co-
promoter

7. Alexandros Nikolian: From cell to pack - complete electrical battery model for different
chemistries (NMC, LTO, LFP) & temperatures for simulative battery modules and pack, 2014-
2017, daily supervisor,

8. Li Yi: Development of a generic lifetime battery model for lithium-ion technology, 2015-2019,
promoter until April 2019,

9. Gert Berckmans: Development of multiscale battery models for high energy density optimized
batteries, 2015-2019, promoter until April 2019

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PHD THESIS SUPERVISION (ONGOING)

1. Yousef Firouz: Characterization and dedicated modeling of different type of lithium-ion batteries
for electric-bus applications, 2012-present, promoter until April 2019,

2. Shovon Goutam: Rechargeable energy storage systems characterization and development
electrochemical modeling, 2014-present, promoter until April 2019,

3. Rahul Gopalakrishnan: advanced ageing model for lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles,
2014-present, co-promoter until April 2019,

4. TomTurksin: Development of advanced electro-thermal battery models for future battery
systems, 2016-present, co-promoter until April 2019,

5. Medhi Soltani: Development of advanced lithium-ion capacitor systems for traction and
stationary applications, 2016-present, promoter until April 2019,

6. Omid Rehbari: Development of estimation techniques for emerging battery technologies and
systems, 2016-present, promoter until April 2019,

7. Sahar Khaleghi: Development of identification techniques for batteries, 2017- present, promoter
until April 2019,

8. Poonam Yadav: Development of electrochemical characterization methodologies for advanced
lithium-ion batteries, 2017-present, promoter until April 2019,

9. Anish Raj: Development of coating strategies for advanced lithium-ion batteries, 2017-present,
promoter until April 2019,

10. Lysander De Sutter: Development of state functions for lithium-ion batteries, 2017-present,
promoter until April 2019,

11. Ashkan Pirooz: Development of battery systems for batteries in electric vehicles, 2017-present,
promoter until April 2019,

12. Foad Gandoman: Development of control strategies for renewable applications, 2017-present,
promoter until April 2019,

13. Hamidreza Behi: Development of thermal management components in electric vehicles through
modeling, 2018-present, promoter until April 2019,

14. Mohsen Akbarzadeh: Development of thermal management solutions for battery packs in
electric vehicles, 2018-present, promoter until April 2019,

15. Hamidrez Beheshti: Understanding of ageing phenomena in Li-ion batteries through post
mortem analysis, 2017-present, promoter until April 2019,

16. Danial Karimi: Development of thermal management strategies for electric vehicles, 2017-
present, promoter until April 2019,

17. Sazzad Hosen: Analysis of Aging in lithium-ion batteries, 2017-present, promoter until April
2019,

18. Theodoros Kalogiannis: Aging analysis of lithium-ion batteries, 2018-present, promoter until
April 2019,

19. Abraham Alem Kebede: Development of optimised solutions for renewable applications in
Africa, 2018-present, promoter until April 2019

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RESEARCH PROJECTS

1. Promoter FUSE project: Green approaches towards Full Solid-State Batteries, 2019-2022

2. Promoter of (Tetra project, LBATTS): Lithium-ion batterijen voortractie en stationaire
toepassingen, 2015-2017

3. Promoter of (WDG01184): PhD with Laborelec, budget €187k, 2015-2019.

4. Promoter of (IOFPOC15): Modular battery management systems for stationary and mobile
applications, 2015-2016

5. Promoter SOCMAAK6: Profensto: power reduction in oscillating by fast energy storage, 2016-
2018

6. Promoter of (WDG01172): Laborelec literature review lithium-ion batteries, 2015

7. Promoter of (WDGO): Characterization of lithium-ion capacitors & development of an electro-
thermal model, 2014-2015

8. Promoter of (WDG01217): Raamcontract GdF Suez - VUB, 2015-2017.

9. Promoter of (WDG01248): Consultancy services aan Toyota Motor Europe NV: Development
hybrid battery cell model, 2015-2016

10. Promoter of (WDGOxxxx) Framework collaboration between JSR Mirco and VUB about
characterization and modeling of lithium-ion capacitiors for mobile and stationary applications,
2015-2017

11. Promoter of (WDGOxxxx) Testing of nickel metal-hydride batteries, 2015

12. Promoter of (WDGOxxxx) Roadmap of batteries for mobile and stationary applications, 2015

13. Co-Promoter of (SBO IWT639) BATTLE: Battery Modelling of Lithium Chemistries Based on an
Eclectic Approach, 2014 - 2017

14. Co-promoter: (IWT 630) Research for a Full Electric public transport bus with competitive TCO,
2011-2014

15. Promoter of (WDGO1053) Testing and modeling of prismatic Lithium-Ion Capacitors, 2013, JSR
Micro NV

16. Co-Promoter of (WDGO1030) Ontwikkeling simulatietool elektrische straddle carrier in het
kader van IWT haalbaarheidstudie, 2012 - 2013, PSA Antwerp NV

17. Co-Promoter of (WDG0886) Use of battery test infrastructure, 2011, Flanders' Drive cvba

18. Co-Promoter of (IWT DAD 033) Testing of lithium-ion battery cells and modules, 2012, Emrol
bvba

19. Co-Promotor of (IWT DAD 023) Second life analysis of lithium-ion batteries, 2010-2011,
Laborelec

20. Co-Promotor of (IWT DAD 024) Characterization and lifetime of batteries, 2010-2011, FMTC

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EUROPEAN PROJECTS

1. LONGRUN (H2020): Development of efficient and environmental friendly long distance
powertrain for heavy duty trucks and coaches, 2020-2023

2. COFBAT (H2020): Advanced material solutions for safer and long-lasting high capacity Cobalt
Free Batteries for stationary applications, 2019-2023

3. SAFELIMOVE (H2020): advanced all solid state safe lithium metal technology towards vehicle
electrification, 2020-2023

4. DEFCATO (H2020): Battery design and manufacturing optimization through multiphysic
modeling, 2020-2023

5. LIPLANET (H2020): Li-ion cell pilot lines network, 2020-2021

6. 3BELIEVE (H2020): Delivering the 3b generation of LNMO cells for the Xev market of 2025 and
beyond, 2020-2023

7. Batteries 2030+ (H2020): At the heart of a connected green society, 2019- 2020

8. OBELICS (H2020): Optimization of scalable realtime models and functional testing for e-drive
concepts, 2017-2020

9. COLHD (H2020): Commercial vehicles using optimised liquid biofuels and HVO drivetrains, 2017-
2018

10. HIPERFORM (H2020): High performent wide band gap power electronics for reliable, energy
efficient drivetrains and optimization through multi-physics simulation, 2018-2021

11. HIFI ELEMENT (H2020): High fidelity electric modeling and testing, 2017-2020

12. ENSEMBLE (H2020): Multi-brand truck platooning, 2018-2021

13. REDIFUEL (H2020): Robust and efficient processes and technologies for drop in renewable fuels
for road transport, 2018-2021

14. SELFIE (Horizon2020, coordinator: Noshin Omar until April 2019): Sustainable and Smart Battery
Thermal Management Solution for Battery Electric Vehicles, 2018 - 2022

15. ACHILLES (Horizon2020, coordinator: Noshin Omar, until April 2019): Advanced Architectures
Chassis/Traction concept for Future Electric Vehicles, 2018 - 2022

16. FITGEN (Horizon2020): Functional Integrated E-axle Ready for Mass Market Third GENeration
Electric Vehicles, 2019 - 2022

17. CEVOLVER (Horizon2020): Connected Electric Vehicle Optimized for Life, Value, Efficiency and
Range, 2018-2022

18. UPSCALE (Horizon2020): Upscaling Product development Simulation Capabilities exploiting
artificial InteLligence for Electrified Vehicles, 2018-2022

19. PANDA (Horizon2020): Powerfull Advanced N-Level Digitalization Architecture for models of
electrified vehicles and their components, 2018-2022

20. VISION-xEV (Horizon2020): Virtual Component and System Integration for Efficient Electrified
Vehicle Development, 2019-2022

21. ASSURED (Horizon2020, coordinator: Noshin Omar until April 2019): fASt and Smart charging
solutions for full size URban hEavy Duty applications, 2017-2021

22. GHOST (Horizon2020, co-coordinator: Noshin Omar until April 2019): Integrated and Physically
Optimised Battery System for Plug-in Vehicles Technologies, 2017-2021

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23. IMAGE (Horizon2020): Innovative Manufacturing Routes for Next Generation Batteries in
Europe, 2017-2021

24. ORCA (Horion2020): Optimised Real-world Cost-Competitive Modular Hybrid Architecture for
Heavy Duty Vehicles, 2016-2020

25. FIVEVB (Horizon2020): Five Volt Lithium Ion Batteries with Silicon Anodes produced for Next
Generation Electric Vehicles, 2015-2019.

26. Batteries2020 (FP7): Towards Realistic European Competitive Automotive batteries, 2013 -
2016

27. SuperLIB (FP7): Smart Battery Control System based on a Chargeequilization Circuit for an
advanced Dual-Cell battery for Electric Vehicles, 2011-2014

INVITED SPEAKER & CHAIR

1. Belgian platform on electric vehicles, Assessment of performance of various lithium-ion
chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 31 March, 2011, Brussels

2. EV Battery Forum, Examining the quality and standards needed for validating next generation
Lo-ion batteries, 21-22 March, 2012, Barcelona

3. EV Battery Japan, Impact from global battery standards on automakers' and battery
manufacturers' strategies, 3-4 July, 2012, Tokyo

4. KBVE study day, Batterijen voor elekrische voertuigen - nood aan efficiente en accurate
parameter-estimatietechnieken en -modellen, 22 January 2013, Brussels

5. Smart Grids Flanders Thematic Group E-Mobility, Assessment of aging phenomena in lithium-ion
batteries, 12 June 2013, Brussels

6. Session chair Energy Storage at EVS 27, Barcelona, Spain

7. Theo Tetra project, Lithium-ion Batteries - Assessment of Performance Parameters for EVs, 15
March, 2014, Brussels

8. Smart Grids Flanders, Battery Management System for Battery Electric Vehicles - Characteristics
and Needs for New Developments, 19 November 2014, Poperinge

9. JRC, Rechargeable energy storage systems for stationary and mobile applications, 3rd March

2015, Petten.

10. EMVeM workshop Energy Efficiency Management for Vehicles and Machines, Battery Electric
Vehicles - Need for Powerful and Energy Efficient Energy Storage System, 15th May 2015,
Vienna

11. Putting Science into Standards (PSIS) workshop 2016, Second life applications, 22-23 September

2016.

12. Solar and Energy Storage Workshop, European Energy Storage - Lessons Learned, Pretoria,
South Africa, October 6-7th, 2016.

13. Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies - Needs and Future Perspectives, UITP conference, 7
Oct 2016

14. Next Generation Battery Technologies & Thermal Management for BEVs, February 2017

15. Energy Storage Technologies for EVs - Present & Future, Dresden, Germany, 23 Mar 2017

16. ORCA best practices, EARPA, 15 Mar 2017, Brussels

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17. Batteries for Electric Buses, UITP workshop, May 2017

18. Battery technologies: Present, Future and Challenges, October 2017

19. Rechargeable energy storage needs for automotive applications, November 2017

20. Battery Systems for EVs-Thermal Management Trends, European Battery Cell R&l Workshop,
January 2018, Berlin

21. ASSURED: fASt and Smart charging solutions for full size URban hEavy Duty applications, October
2017

22. ASSURED: Solving the key e-bus operational challenges of interoperability bus-bus, bus-truck,
and fleet upscaling, November 2017

PUBLICATIONS

> Thomas Reuters (H-index: 28, citations: 2410)

> Google Scholar (H-index: 30, citations: 3232)

2019

1. Concept of reliability and safety assessment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: Basics,
progress, and challenges, Gandoman, F., Jaguemont, J., Goutam Sh., Omar, N., Gopalakrishnan,
R., Firouz, Y., Kalogiannis, Th., Van Mierlo, J., October 2019, Applied Energy 251

2. Safety and Reliability Evaluation for Electric Vehicles in Modern Power System Networks,
Gandoman, F., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J., Ahmadi, A., Abdel Aleem, Sh., Chauhan, K., 2019, In
book: Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids, Edition: 1, Chapter: 15, Publisher: Elsevier

3. Three dimensional thermal model development and validation for Lithium-ion capacitor module
including air-cooling system, Soltani, M., Berckmans, G., Jaguemont, J., Ronsmans, J., Kakihara,
Sh., Hegazy, O., Van Mierlo, J., Omar, N., Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 153, 2019, p. 264-
274

4. Status and Future Perspectives of Reliability Assessment for Electric Vehicles, Gandoman, F.,
Ahmadi,, A., Van den Bossche, P., Van Mierlo, J., Omar, N., Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, A. Mavalizadeh,
H., Mayet, CI., Reliability Engineerinng & System Safety, Vol. 183, 2019, p. 1-16

5. A Three-dimensional thermal model for a commercial lithium-ion capacitor battery pack with
nonuniform temperature distribution, Soltani, M., Van Mierlo, J., Ronsmans, J., Van Den
Bossche, P., Jaguemont, J., Omar, N., IEEEICIT2019, 2019, Melbourne/Australia

6. Battery aging assessment and parametric study of lithium-ion batteries by means of a fractional
differential model, De Sutter, L., Firouz, Y., de Hoog, J., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J., Electrochimica
Acta, Vol. 305, 2019, P. 24-36

7. Analysis of the effect of applying external mechanical pressure on next generation silicon alloy
lithium-ion cells, Berckmans, G., De Sutter, L., Marinaro, M., Smkens, J., Jaguemont, J., Wohlfart-
Mertens, M., Van Mierlo, J., Omar, N., Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 306, 2019, p. 389-395

8. A Comparison of Internal and External Preheat Methods for NMC Batteries, Kalogiannis, Th.,
Jaguemonnt, J., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J., Van den Bossche, P., World Electric Vehicle Journal,
Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2019

9. Electric Vehicle Battery Lifetime Extension through an Intelligent Double-Layer Control Scheme,
Rahbari, O., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J., Rosen, M., Coosemans, Th., Berecibar, M., Energies, Vol.
12, 2019

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10. Super Capacitor electrical and lifetime model development for low frequency current
applications, Soltani, M., Jaguemont, J., Abdallh, A., Hegazy, O., Van den Bossche, P., Van Mierlo,
J., Omar, N., 32nd Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS32) Lyon, France, May 19 - 22, 2019

11. Status and future perspectives of reliability assessment for electric vehicles, Heidari Gandoman,
F., Ahmadi, A., Van Den Bossche, P., Van Mierlo, J., Omar, N., Ali Esmaeel Nezhad, A.,
Mavalizadeh, H. & Mayet, C., 1 Mar 2019, In : Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 183, p. 1-
16 16 p.

12. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization and parameterization of lithium
nickel manganese cobalt oxide pouch cells: dependency analysis of temperature and state of
charge, Gopalakrishnan, R., Li, Y., Smekens, J., Barhoum, A., Van Assche, G., Omar, N. & Van
Mierlo, J., Jan 2019, In : Ionics. 25, 1, p. 111-123 13 p.

2018

1. Comprehensive Aging Analysis of Volumetric Constrained Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells with High
Concentration Silicon-Alloy Anodes De Sutter, L., Berckmans, G. J., Marinaro, M., Smekens, J.,
Firouz, Y., Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M., Van Mierlo, J. & Omar, N. 29 Oct 2018 In : Energies. 11, 11,
21 p.

2. Electrical Characterization and Micro X-ray Computed Tomography Analysis of Next-Generation
Silicon Alloy Lithium-Ion Cells Berckmans, G. J., De Sutter, L., Kersys, A., Kriston, A., Marinaro,
M., Kasper, M., Axmann, P., Smekens, J., Wohlfahrt- Mehrens, M., Pfrang, A., Jaguemont, J., Van
Mierlo, J. & Omar, N. 19 Oct 2018 In : World Electric Vehicle Journal. 9, 43, p. 1-14 14 p.

3. Random forest regression for online capacity estimation of lithium-ion batteries, Li, Y., Zou, C.,
Berecibar, M., Nanini-Maury, E., Chan, J. C-W., Van den Bossche, P., Van Mierlo, J. & Omar, N.
Oct 2018 In : Applied Energy. 232, p. 197-210 14 p.

4. Electrochemical impedance study of commercial LiNi0.80Co0.15AI0.0502 electrodes as a
function of state of charge and aging, Zhu, X., Fernandez Macia, L., Jaguemont, J., De Hoog, J.,
Nikolian, A., Omar, N. & Hubin, A. 16 Aug 2018 In : Electrochimica Acta. 287, p. 10-20 11 p.

5. Impact of the Temperature in the Evaluation of Battery Performances During Long-Term
Cycling— Characterisation and Modelling, Capron, O., Jaguemont, J., Gopalakrishnan, R., Van
Den Bossche, P., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 13 Aug 2018 In : Applied Sciences. 8, 8, p. 1364 25 p.

6. Short-term Solar Power Forecasting Considering Cloud Coverage and Ambient Temperature
Variation Effects Heidari Gandoman, F., H.E.Abdel Aleem, S., Omar, N., Ahmadi, A. & Q.AIenezi,
F. 1 Aug 2018 In : Renewable Energy. 123, p. 793-805 793 p., 123

7. Hybrid Battery/Lithium-Ion Capacitor Energy Storage System for a Pure Electric Bus for an Urban
Transportation Application Soltani, M., Van Den Bossche, P., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J.,
Jaguemont, J., Ronsmans, J. & kakihara, S. 19 Jul 2018 In : Applied Sciences. 8, 7, 19 p., Appl. Sci.
2018, 8, 01176

8. Online Multi Chemistry SoC Estimation Technique Using Data Driven Battery Model Parameter
Estimation De Sutter, L., Nikolian, A., Timmermans, J-M., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 22 Jun 2018
In : World Electric Vehicle Journal. 9, 2, 15 p.

9. A novel state of charge and capacity estimation technique for electric vehicles connected to a
smart grid based on inverse theory and a metaheuristic algorithm, Rahbari, O., Omar, N., Firouz,
Y., A. Rosen, . M., Goutam, S., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 11 May 2018 In : Energy.
155, p. 1047-1058

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10. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization and parameterization of lithium
nickel manganese cobalt oxide pouch cells: dependency analysis of temperature and state of
charge Gopalakrishnan, R., Li, Y., Smekens, J., Barhoum, A., Van Assche, G., Omar, N. & Van
Mierlo, J. 8 May 2018 In : Ionics. 2018, 13 p.

11. Battery Aging Prediction Using Input-Time-Delayed Based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference
System and a Group Method of Data Handling Techniques, Rahbari, O., Mayet, C., Omar, N. &
Van Mierlo, J. 4 May 2018 In : Applied Sciences. 8, 8, p. 1-16 17 p.

12. A centralized state of charge estimation technique for electric vehicles equipped with lithium-
ion batteries in smart grid environment, Rahbari, O., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van
Mierlo, J. 30 Apr 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): IEEE International
Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). p. 1721-1725

13. Technical Assessment of Hybrid Powertrains for Energy-efficient Heavy-Duty Vehicles Barrero
Fernandez, R., Tran, D-D., Hegazy, O., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 19 Apr 2018, Transport Research
Arena (TRA) 2018.

14. Combining an Electrothermal and Impedance Aging Model to Investigate Thermal Degradation
Caused by Fast Charging, De Hoog, J., Jaguemont, J., Abdel Monem, M., Van Den Bossche, P.,
Van Mierlo, J. & Omar, N. 30 Mar 2018 In : Energies. 11, 4, 15 p., 804

15. Phase-change materials (PCM) for automotive applications: A review Jaguemont, J., Omar, N.,
Van Mierlo, J. & Van Den Bossche, P. 5 Mar 2018 In : Applied Thermal Engineering. 132, p. 308-
320

16. A Combined Thermo-Electric Resistance Degradation model for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
based Lithium- Ion cells, De Hoog, J., Jaguemont, J., Nikolian, A., Van Mierlo, J., Van Den
Bossche, P. & Omar, N. 15 Feb 2018, Applied Thermal Engineering. 15 p.

17. Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies: Volume 2: Geothermal and Biomass
Energies, Fuel Cells, and Smart Grid, M Sharaf, A., Omar, N., Heidari Gandoman, F., Faheem
Zobaa, A. & Hossam Eldeen Abdel Aleem, S. 14 Feb 2018

18. Electric and hybrid vehicle drives and smart grid interfacing. Technical Viability of Battery
Second Life: A Study from the Ageing Perspective, Martinez-Laserna, E., Sarasketa-Zabala, E.,
Villarreal, I., loan Stroe, D., Swierczynski, M., Warnecke, A., Timmermans, J-M. P., Goutam, S.,
Omar, N. & Rodriguez, P. 2 Feb 2018 In : IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. PP, 99,

19. On the ageing of high energy lithium-ion batteries-comprehensive electrochemical diffusivity
studies of Harvested Nickel Manganese Cobalt Electrodes, Capron, O., Gopalakrishnan, R.,
Jaguemont, J., Van Den Bossche, P., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 23 Jan 2018 In : Materials. 11, 2,
18 p., 176

20. A quick on-line state of health estimation method for Li-ion battery with incremental capacity
curves processed by Gaussian filter, Li, Y., Abdel Monem, M., Gopalakrishnan, R., Berecibar, M.,
Nanini-Maury, E., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. Jan 2018 In : Journal of Power
Sources. 373, 2018, p. 40-53

21. Lithium-ion Batteries Health Prognosis Considering Aging Conditions, El Mejdoubi, A., Gualous,
H., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J. & Van Den Bossche, P. 2018 In : IEEE Transaction on Power
Electronics. 25 p.

22. Random forest regression for online capacity estimation of lithium-ion batteries, Li, Y., Zou, C.,
Berecibar, M., Chan, J. C., Nanini-Maury, E., Van Den Bossche, P., Van Mierlo, J. & Omar, N. 2018
In : Applied Energy. 232, p. 197-210

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2017

1. Complete cell-level lithium-ion electrical ECM model for different chemistries (NMC, LFP, LTO)
and temperatures (-5 °C to 45 °C) - Optimized modelling techniques, Nikolian, A., Jaguemont, J.,
De Hoog, J., Goutam, S., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 14 Dec 2017 In :
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 98, June 2018, p. 133-146

2. Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications -Present and Future,
Omar, N., Gopalakrishnan, R., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 25 Nov 2017 Rechargeable
Energy Storage Technologies for Automotive Applications - Present and Future. Dresden:
VDI/VDE Society, Measurement and Automation, p. 1 20 p.

3. Performance and reliability assessment of NMC lithium ion batteries for stationary application,
Yi, L., Omar, N., Nanini-Maury, E., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 31 Oct 2017
Performance and reliability assessment of NMC lithium ion batteries for stationary application.
VPPC, p. 1-6 6 p.

4. Cycle Life Evaluation for Lithium-Ion Capacitors, Soltani, M., Jaguemont, J., Omar, N., Ronsmans,
J., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 9 Oct 2017 EVS 30 Symposium. AVERE, p. 1-7 7 p.

5. Liquid thermal management of a lithium ion capacitor module, Jaguemont, J., Ghamraoui, A.,
Omar, N., Hegazy, O., Ronsmans, J., Soltani, M., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 9 Oct 2017
EVS30 symposium. AVERE, p. 1-13 13 p.

6. Online multi chemistry SoC estimation technique using data driven battery model parameter
estimation, De Sutter, L., Nikolian, A., Timmermans, J-M., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 9 Oct 2017
Electric Vehicle Symposium 30. 12p.

7. Streamline three-dimensional thermal model of a lithium titanate pouch cell battery in extreme
temperature conditions with module simulation, Jaguemont, J., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J. & Van
Den Bossche, P. 9 Oct 2017 In : Journal of Power Sources. 367, p. 24-33

8. Fast-charging investigation on high-power and high-energy density pouch cells with 3D-thermal
model development, Jaguemont, J., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J., Van Den Bossche, P. & Abdel
Monem, M. 15 Sep 2017 In : Applied Thermal Engineering. 128, p. 1282-1296

9. Lithium-ion Batteries: Comprehensive Technical Analysis of Second-Life Batteries for Smart Grid
Applications Abdel Monem, M., Hegazy, O., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 10
Sep 2017 EPE'17 ECCE Europe Conference, p. 1-16 16 p.

10. Lithium-Ion Capacitor - Analysis of Thermal Behaviour and Development of 3D Thermal Model
Berckmans, G. J., Jaguemont, J., Samba, A., Omar, N., Hegazy, O., Ronsmans, J., Soltani, M.,
Firouz, Y., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 6 Sep 2017 In : Journal of Electrochemical Energy
Conversion and Storage. 14, 4, 8 p., 041005

11. An optimal versatile control approach for plug-in electric vehicles to integrate renewable energy
sources and smart grids, Rahbari, O., Vafaeipour, M., Omar, N., A. Rosen, . M., Hegazy, O.,
Timmermans, J-M., Heibati, S. M. & Van Den Bossche, P. 1 Sep 2017 In : Energy. 134, p. 1053-
1067 14 p.

12. Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030
Berckmans, G. J., Messagie, M., Smekens, J., Omar, N., Vanhaverbeke, L. & Van Mierlo, J. 1 Sep
2017 In : Energies. 10, 9, p. 1314

13. Three-dimensional electro-thermal model of li-ion pouch cell: Analysis and comparison of cell
design factors and model assumptions, Goutam, S., Nikolian, A., Jaguemont, J., Smekens, J.,

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Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 2 Aug 2017 In : Applied Thermal Engineering.
126, p. 796-808

14. A review of international abuse testing standards and regulations for lithium ion batteries in
electric and hybrid electric vehicles, Ruiz, A., Phrang, A., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P., Kriston,
A. & Boon-Brett, L. 14 Jul 2017 In : Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 81, 1, p. 1427-
1452 26 p.

15. State of health battery estimator enabling degradation diagnosis: Model and algorithm
description, Dubarry, M., Berecibar, M., Devie, A., Ansean, D., Omar, N. & Villarreal, I. 31 May
2017 In : Journal of Power Sources. 360, p. 59-69 10 p.

16. Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended
Kalman Filter, Baccouche, I., Jemmali, S., Manai, B., Omar, N. & Essoukri Ben Amara, N. 26 May
2017 In : Energies. 764, 10, p. 1-22

17. Combined cycling and calendar capacity fade modeling of a Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt Oxide Cell
with real-life profile validation, Hoog, J. D., Timmermans, J-M., loan-Stroe, D., Swierczynski, M.,
Jaguemont, J., Goutam, S., Omar, N., Mierlo, J. V. & Bossche, P. V. D. 3 May 2017 In : Applied
Energy. 200, p. 47 - 61 15 p.

18. Development of a 2D-thermal model of three battery chemistries, Jaguemont, J., Nikolian, A.,
Omar, N., Goutam, S., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 1 May 2017 In : IEEE Transactions on
Energy Conversion. 32, 4, p. 1-9 9 p.

19. A Comprehensive Study on Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies, Gopalakrishnan, R.,
Goutam, S., Da Quinta E Costa Neves De Oli, L. M., Timmermans, J-M. P., Omar, N., Messagie,
M., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 11 Apr 2017 In : Journal of Electrochemical Energy
Conversion and Storage. 13, 4, p. 040801 25 p., JEECS-16-1121

20. Advanced Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Aging Study of Commercial Li Ion
Batteries, Zhu, X., Fernandez Macla, L., Gopalakrishnan, R., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J. & Hubin, A.
19 Mar 2017

21. Review of Nanotechnology for Anode Materials in Batteries, Goutam, S., Omar, N., Van Den
Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 6 Feb 2017 Emerging Nanotechnologies in Rechargable Energy
Storage Systems. 1st ed. Elsevier, p. 45-77

22. Emerging Nanotechnologies in Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems, Omar, N. & Rodriguez, L.
M. 1 Feb 2017 1 ed. 3-2-2017: Elsevier. 346 p.

23. Influence analysis of static and dynamic fast-charging current profiles on ageing performance of
commercial lithium-ion batteries, Abdel-Monem, M., Trad, K., Omar, N., Hegazy, O., Van den
Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 1 Feb 2017 In : Energy. 120, p. 179-191 13 p.

2016

1. Influence of Mechanical Pressure on the Electrical Performance of Lithium-Ion Silicon Batteries,
Berckmans, G. J., Smekens, J., Marinaro, M., Spurk, P., Nelis, D., Schmidt, G., Chauveau, J.,
Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. Online: The Electrochemical Society (ECS), p.
1-2 2 p. 2016

2. Lithium-ion capacitor - optimization of thermal management from cell to module level
Berckmans, G. J., Jaguemont, J., Soltani, M., Samba, A., Boninsegna, M., Omar, N., Hegazy, O.,
Van Mierlo, J. & Ronsmans, J. 19 Dec 2016 Lithium-ion capacitor - optimization of thermal
management from cell to module level. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2016 IEEE, p.
1-8 8 p. 7791721

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3. Design and Analysis of Generic Energy Management Strategy for Controlling Second-Life Battery
Systems in Stationary Applications, Abdel Monem, M., Hegazy, 0., Omar, N., Trad, K., De
Breucker, S., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 29 Oct 2016 In : Energies. 9, 11, 25 p.

4. Degradation mechanisms detection for HP and HE NMC cells based on Incremental Capacity
curves Berecibar, M., Dubarry, M., Villarreal, I., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 17 Oct 2016
Degradation mechanisms detection for HP and HE NMC cells based on Incremental Capacity
curves. VPPC, p. 1-5 5 p.

5. Degradation mechanism and SOH estimation for NMC batteries based on Incremental Capacity
curves Berecibar, M., Dubarry, M., Omar, N., Villarreal, I. & Van Mierlo, J. 1 Oct 2016 In : World
Electric Vehicle Journal. 8, 2, p. 350-361 11 p.

6. Batteries 2020 - Lithium-ion battery first and second life ageing, validated battery models,
lifetime modeling and ageing assessment of thermal parameters, Timmermans, J-M. P., Nikolian,
A., De Hoog, J., Gopalakrishnan, R., Goutam, S., Omar, N., Coosemans, T. C. & Van Mierlo, J. 5
Sep 2016 EPE 2016 Conference Proceedings. IEEE, 23 p.

7. Online state of health estimation on NMC cells based on predictive analytics, Berecibar, M.,
Devriendt, F., Dubarry, M., Villarreal, I., Omar, N., Verbeke, W. & Van Mierlo, J. 15 Jul 2016 In :
Journal of Power Sources. 320, p. 239-250 12 p.

8. Advanced lithium ion battery modeling and nonlinear analysis based on robust method in
frequency domain: Nonlinear characterization and non-parametric modeling, Firouz, Y., Relan,
R., Timmermans, J-M. P., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 1 Jul 2016 In : Energy.
106, p. 602-617

9. Degradation mechanism detection for NMC batteries based on Incremental Capacity curves,
Berecibar, M., Dubarry, M., Omar, N., Villarreal, I. & Van Mierlo, J. 19 Jun 2016 Degradation
mechanism detection for NMC batteries based on Incremental Capacity curves. MONTREAL:
EVS29, p. 1-12 12 p. 10.

10. Developments and Challenges for EV Charging Infrastructure Standardization Van Den Bossche,
P., Turcksin, T., Omar, N. & Van Mierlo, J. 19 Jun 2016 Electric Vehicle Symposium EVS29.
Montreal, p. 1-7 7 p. 10001

11. Lithium-ion Batteries - Analysis of Non-uniformity of Surface Temperature of Commercial Cells
under Realistic Driving Cycles, Goutam, S., Jaguemont, J., Nikolian, A., Firouz, Y., Timmermans, J-
M. P., Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 19 Jun 2016

12. Goutam, S., Jaguemont, J., Nikolian, A., Firouz, Y., Timmermans, J-M. P., Omar, N., Van Den
Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J. 19 Jun 2016 Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS) 29. EDTA, 13 p.

13. Measuring and analysis of nonlinear characterization of lithium-ion batteries using multisin
excitation signal, Firouz, Y., Omar, N., Goutam, S., Timmermans, J-M. P., Van Den Bossche, P. &
Van Mierlo, J. 19 Jun 2016 Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS) 29. EDTA, 9 p.

14. Adaptive Control of DC-DC Boost Converters with Parametric Uncertainties and Guaranteed
Stability Chaoui, H., Khayamy, M., Omar, N. & Gualous, H. 8 Jun 2016 Adaptive Control of DCDC
Boost Converters with Parametric Uncertainties and Guaranteed Stability. IEEE, p. 1-5 5 p.

15. State of Charge Estimation of LiFeP04 Batteries with Temperature Variations using Neural
Networks Chaoui, H., Christopher, C., El Mejdoubi, A., Oukaour, A., Gualous, H. & Omar, N. 8 Jun
2016 State of Charge Estimation of LiFeP04 Batteries with Temperature Variations using Neural
Networks. IEEE, p. 1-6 6 p.

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16. State of Health estimation algorithm of LiFeP04 battery pack based on differential voltage
curves for BMS application, Berecibar, M., Omar, N., Villarreal, I., Garmendia Elorza, M.,
Gandiago, I. & Crego, J. 16 May 2016 In : Energy. 103, p. 784-796 16 p.

17. Lithium Ion Batteries - Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel
Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion, Nikolian, A., Firouz, Y., Gopalakrishnan, R., Timmermans, J-M.,
Omar, N., Van Den Bossche, P. & De Hoog, J. 11 May 2016 In : Energies. Energy Storage Systems
for Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Vehicle to Power Grid Integration, p. 1-25 25 p., energies-
121112

18. Lithium Ion BatteriesDevelopment of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel
Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion, Nikolian, A., Firouz, Y., Gopalakrishnan, R., Timmermans, J-M.,
Omar, N., van den Bossche, P. & van Mierlo, J. May 2016 In : Energies. 9, 5, p. 1-23 23 p.

19. Critical review of state of health estimation methods of Li-ion batteries for real applications
Berecibar, M., Gandiaga, I., Villarreal, I., Omar, N., Van Mierlo, J. & Van den Bossche, P. Apr 2016
In : Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 56, p. 572-587 16 p.

20. Influence of Electrode Density on the Performance of Li-Ion Batteries: Experimental and
Simulation Results, Smekens, J. A-M., Gopalakrishnan, R., Van Den Steen, N., Omar, N., Hegazy,
O., Hubin, A. & Van Mierlo, J. 2016 In : Energies. 9, 2, 12 p.

21. Is Vehicle-to-Home or Vehicle-to-Grid suitable for the electric vehicle user? Discussion from a
one year intensive experience, De Vroey, L., Stuckens, C., Omar, N., Oualmakran, Y., Jahn, R. &
Van Mierlo, J. 2016 EVS 2016, 29th International Electric Vehicle Symposium. Electric Vehicle
Symposium and Exhibition, p. 771-782

22. Lithium Ion Capacitor - Optimization of Thermal management from Cell to Module Level,
Berckmans, G. J., Samba, A., Omar, N., Ronsmans, J., Soltani, M., Firouz, Y., Van Den Bossche, P.
& Van Mierlo, J. 2016 Lithium Ion Capacitor - Optimization of Thermal management from Cell to
Module Level. EDTA, p. 1-12 12 p.

2015

1. Ageing and Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries, Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: From
Fundamentals to Applications, 2015, Vol. 9, pp: 263-279, Noshin Omar, Yousef Firouz, Jean-Marc
Timmermans, Peter Van den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Hamid Gualous, Justin Salminen, Tanja
Kallio.

2. Veroudering en levenscyclus van lithium-ijzerfosfaatbatterijen, Tijdschrift voor
Vervoerswetenschap, 2015, Vol. 51, Issue: 2, pp: 132-159, Noshin Omar, Joris de Hoog, Jean-
Marc Timmermans, Thierry Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van den Bossche Thermal
Behaviour Investigation of a Large and High Power Lithium Iron Phosphate Cylindrical Cell, 2015,
Vol. 8, Issue. 9, pp: 10017-10042, Odile Capron, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Peter Van den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo.

3. Lithium-ion Batteries - Thermal Behaviour Investigation of Unbalanced Battery Modules, 2015,
Sustainability, Vol. 7, Issue: 7, pp: 8374-8398, Odile Capron, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar,
Thierry Coosemans, Peter Van den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

4. Comaparative study of surface temperature behavior of commercial li-ion pouch cells of
different chemistries and capacities by infrared thermography, Energies, 2015, Vol. 8, Issue: 8,
pp: 8175-8192, Shovon Goutam, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Peter Van den Bossche,
Joeri Van Mierlo

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5. A Modified Multiphysics model for Lithium-Ion batteries with a LixNil/3Mnl/3col/302
electrode, Electrochimica Acta, 2015, Vol. 174, pp: 615-624, Jelle Smekens , Noshin Omar, Johan
Deconinck, Annick Hubin, Joeri Van Mierlo

6. Batteries2020 - A Joint European Effort towards European Competitive Automotive Batteries,
2015, May 4th, EVS28, Seoul, South Korea, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van
Mierlo,

7. Optimization of Li-ion batteries through modeling techniques, 2015, May 4th, EVS28, Seoul,
South Korea, Jelle Smekens, Joeri Van Mierlo, Noshin Omar, Annick Hubin, Peter Van den
Bossche

8. A comparative study of different fast charging methodologies for lithium-ion batteries based on
aging process, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Khiem Trad, Noshin Omar, Omar Hegazy, Bart Mantels,
Peter Van den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, 2015, EVS 28, May 4th, Seoul, South Korea

9. Lithium-Ion Capacitor - Review of Applications and Advantages, 2015, 5th European Symposium
on Super capacitors and Hybrid Solutions, Brasov, Romania.

10. SOH estimation and prediction for NMC cells based on degradation mechanism detection, M.
Berecibar, N. Omar, M. Garmendia, I. Villarreal, P. Van den Bossche, J. Van Mierlo, M. Dubarry,
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2015, Montreal, Canada.

2014

1. Analysis of Nickel-Based Battery Technologies for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Edition:Module in
Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, pp: 1 -13,, 2014, Noshin Omar,
Yousef Firouz, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Ahmadou Samba, Hamid Gualous, Thierry Clement
Coosemans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

2. Chapter 11: Ageing and Degradation of Lithium-ion Batteries, Edition: Rechargeable lithium
batteries: from fundamentals to applications, 2014, Noshin Omar, Yousef Firouz, Jean-Marc
Timmermans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Hamid Gualous, Justin Salminen, Tanja
Kallio

3. Future Energies: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet, Edition: Chapter 14:
Transport Energy - Lithium-io Batteries, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 978-0-08- 099424-6,
2014, Justin Salminen, Tanja Kallio, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo,
Hamid Gualous

4. The Challenge of PHEV Battery Design and the Opportunities of Electrothermal Modeling,
Edition: Lithium-ion batteries: Advances and applications, pp: 249 -271, published by: Elsevier,
ISBN-ISSN: 978-0-444-59513-3, 2014, Peter Van Den Bossche, Noshin Omar, Ahmadou Samba,
Joeri Van Mierlo, Hamid Gualous, Monzer Al Sakka

5. Analysis of hybrid rechargeable energy storage systems in Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
based on Simulations, 2014, Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 6, pp: 195-211

6. Lithium-ion capacitor - Characterization and development of new electrical model, Edition:
Journal of Energy, 2014, Journal of Energy, Vol. 83, Issue: 1, pp: 597-613, Yousef Firouz, Noshin
Omar, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Peter Van den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

7. Analysis of hybrid rechargeable energy storage systems in Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
based on simulations, Edition: Energy and Power Engineering, ISBN-ISSN: 1947-3818, 2014,
Noshin Omar, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor:
0.120, impact year: 2014

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8. Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors Diagnosis using Least Square Estimation Method, Edition:
Electric Power Systems Research, ISBN-ISSN: 0378-7796, 2014, pp: 69-75, published by Elsevier,
Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Hamid Gualous, Amrane Oukaour
Impact factor: 2.021, impact year: 2014

9. Environmental performance of advanced hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicle
applications, Edition:Applied Energy, N° of pages: 6, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0306-
2619, 2014, Javier Vicente Sanfelix Forner, Maarten Messagie, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo
Impact factor: 5.261, impact year: 2014

10. Estimating the frequency response of a system in the presence of an integrator, Edition: Journal
of Control Engineering Practice, ISBN-ISSN: 0967-0661, 2014, Widanalage Dhammika Widanage,
Noshin Omar, Joannes Schoukens, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 2.033, impact year: 2014

11. Impact of Tab Location on Large Format of Li-Ion Pouch Cell Based on Fully Coupled Tree-
Dimensional Electrochemical-Thermal Modeling, Edition:Electrochimica Acta, ISBN-ISSN: 0013-
4686, 2014, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, Odile Capron, Peter Van Den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 4.433, impact year: 2014

12. Lithium-ion Batteries: Evaluation Study of Different Charging Methodologies, Edition:Applied
Energy - Journal, ISBN-ISSN: 0306-2619, 2014, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Noshin Omar, Grietus
Mulder, Omar Hegazy, Bart Mantels, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor:
4.783, impact year: 2014

13. Veroudering en levenscyclus van lithium-ijzerfosfaatbatterijen, Edition:Tijdschrift
Vervoerswetenschap, ISBN-ISSN: 1571-9227, 2014, Noshin Omar, Joris De Hoog, Jean-Marc
Timmermans, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche

14. Moderation Electrothermique 2D d'une batterie lithium-ion detype « pouch », Edition: La
Revue 3EI/SEE, published at: France, 2014, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous,
Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

15. Lithium Iron Phosphate - Assessment of Calendar Life and Change of Battery Parameters, VPPC
2014, N° of pages: 6,, 2014, Noshin Omar, Yousef Firouz, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Mohamed
Abdel Monem, Hamid Gualous, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

16. Electro-thermal modeling of new prismatic lithium-ion capacitors, Edition: VPPC 2014, N° of
pages: 6, 2014, Yousef Firouz, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

17. Ageing Phenomena Of Lithium Ion Batteries, Edition: European Electric Vehicle Congress, 2014,
Joris De Hoog, Karel Fleurbaey, Alexandros Nikolian, Noshin Omar, Jean-Marc Timmermans,
Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

18. Classification of Electric modeling and Characterization methods of Lithium-ion Batteries for
Vehicle Applications, Edition: European Electric Vehicle Congress 2014, Nikolian Alexandros,

Joris De Hoog, Karel Fleurbaey, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche,
Joeri Van Mierlo

19. Large and High Power Cylindrical Batteries - Analysis of the Battery Packs Temperature
Distributions Using COMSOL Multiphysics® and MATLAB® Simulation Softwares, Proceedings of
the 2014 COMSOL Conference in Cambridge, published by: COMSOL Multiphysics, published at:
Cambridge UK, 2014, Odile Capron, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, Peter Van
Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

20. Lithium ion Capacitor - Electrical and thermal characterization of Advanced Rechargeable Energy
Storage Component, Edition: European Electric Vehicle Congres, 2014, Jan Ronsmans, Joris De

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Hoog, Alexandros Nikolian, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri
Van Mierlo

21. Supercapacitor Thermal Modeling for Electric Vehicle Applications, Edition: 10th International
Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, N° of pages: 9, 2014,
Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, H. Houahlia, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche

22. Surface Temperature evolution and the location of maximum and average surface temperature
of a lithium-ion pouch cell under variable load profiles, Edition: European Electrric Vehicle
Congress, 2014, Shovon Goutam, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Lide Mercedes Rodriguez

2013

1. An Advanced Power Electronics Interface for Electric Vehicles Applications, Edition: IEEE
Transaction on Power Electronics, Issue: 12, Volume: 28, N° of pages: 5521, published by: IEEE
Transaction on Power Electronics, ISBNISSN: 0885-8993, 2013, Omar Hegazy, Ricardo Barrero
Fernandez, Joeri Van Mierlo, Philippe Lataire, Noshin Omar, Thierry Clement Coosemans Impact
factor: 4.650, impact year: 2012

2. Battery Management System, Balancing Modularization based on Single Switched Capacitor and
Bi-directional DC/DC Converter with the Auxiliary Battery. Edition: ENERGIES, N° of pages: 40,
published by: ENERGIES, ISBNISSN: 1996-1073, 2013, Mohamed Daowd, Antoine Mailier, Noshin
Omar, Philippe Lataire, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.865, impact
year: 2011

3. Comparison of commercial battery cells in relation to material properties, Edition:Electrochimica
Acta, Electrochimica Acta, Volume: 87, pp: 473 - 488, eds: S. Trasatti, published by: ECS, ISBN-
ISSN: 0013-4686, 2013, Grietus Mulders, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo
Impact factor: 4.040, impact year: 2013

4. Development of an Advanced two dimensional -Thermal Model for Large size Lithium-ion Pouch
Cells, Edition:Electrochimica Acta, Volume: 117, pp: 246 -254, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN:
0013-4686, 2013, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, Yousef Firouz, Peter Van Den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Tala Ighil Boubekeur Impact factor: 4.088, impact year: 2013

5. Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors -Evaluation of ageing phenomena during cycle life testing,
Edition:Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume: 43, N° in volume: 12, published by:
Springer, ISBN-ISSN: 1572-8838, 2013, Noshin Omar, Ahmadou Samba, Mohamed Abdel
Monem, Yousef Firouz, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo,
Justin Salminen, Grietus Mulder, Hamid Gualous Impact factor: 1.836, impact year: 2012

6. Lithium Iron Phosphate Based Battery - Assessment of the Aging Parameters and Development
of Cycle Life Model, Edition:Applied Energy, Volume: 113, pp: 1575 -1585, published by:

Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0306-2619, 2013, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Omar Hegazy,
Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo, Jelle Smekens, Yousef Firouz, Mohamed Abdel
Monem, Grietus Mulder, Justin Salminen Impact factor: 4.781, impact year: 2013

7. Optimization of An Advanced Battery Model Parameter Minimization Tool and Development of
a Novel Electrical Model for Lithium-ion Batteries, Edition:lnternational Transactions on
Electrical Energy Systems, ISBN-ISSN: 2050-7038, 2013, Noshin Omar, Widanalage Dhammika
Widanage, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Omar Hegazy, Yousef Firouz, Thierry Clement Coosemans,
Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 0.630, impact year: 2013

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8. Peukert Revisited- Critical Appraisal and Need for Modification for Lithium-ion Batteries,

Edition: Energies, Volume: 6, N° of pages: 5641, ISBN-ISSN: 1996-1073, 2013, Noshin Omar,

Peter Van Den Bossche, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 2.087,
impact year: 2012

9. PSO Algorithm-based optimal power flow control of fuel cell / supercapacitor and fuel cell /
battery hybrid electric vehicles, Edition:The international journal for computation and
mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering (In Press), Issue: 1, Volume: 32, N° in
volume: 1, pp: 86 -107, ISBN-ISSN: 0332-1649, 2013, Omar Hegazy, Joeri Van Mierlo, Ricardo
Barrero Fernandez, Noshin Omar, Philippe Lataire Impact factor: 0.460, impact year: 2011

10. Single Switched Capacitor Battery Balancing System Enhancements, Edition: ENERGIES, Volume:
6, pp: 2149 - 2174, published by: ENERGIES, ISBNISSN: 1996-1073, 2013, Mohamed Daowd,
Antoine Mailier, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.865,
impact year: 2011

11. The dimensioning of PV-battery systems depending on the incentive and selling price conditions,
Edition:Applied Energy, Volume: 111, pp: 1126 -1135, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0306-
2619, 2013, Joeri Van Mierlo, Noshin Omar, Grietus Mulder

12. A Comparative Study of Different Control Strategies of On-Board Battery Chargers for Battery
Electric Vehicles, Edition: IEEE/ EVER'13-8th International Conference & Exhibition on Ecological
Vehicles and Renewable Energeries, published by: IEEE Conferences, published at: Monaco
2013, Omar Hegazy, Joeri Van Mierlo, Ricardo Barrero Fernandez, Philippe Lataire, Noshin Omar,
Thierry Clement Coosemans

13. 13. An Evaluation Study of Current and Future Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Powertrains,
Edition: EVS27, 2013, Omar Hegazy, Joeri Van Mierlo, Philippe Lataire, Mohamed Abdel Monem,
Jelle Smekens, Noshin Omar, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Peter Van Den Bossche

14. Battery Thermal Modelling - Assessment of Heat Distribution and Optimization of Battery Design
Concept, Edition:lnternational Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications,
2013, Odile Capron, Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, Peter Van Den Bossche,
Joeri Van Mierlo

15. Beyond the Plug and Socket: Towards Safe Standardized Charging Infrastructures, Edition: EVS27
Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2013, Pascal Blockx, Peter Van Den Bossche, Noshin Omar, Joeri
Van Mierlo, Jan Cappelle, Rotthier Bram

16. Comparative Study of Different Multilevel DC/DC Converter Topologies for Second-Life Battery
Applications, Edition: EVS27, 2013, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Omar Hegazy, Noshin Omar, Bart
Mantels, Grietus Mulder, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

17. Development of 2D Thermal Battery Model for Lithium-ion Pouch Cells, Edition: EVS 27, 2013,
Ahmadou Samba, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Tala
Ighil Boubekeur

18. Electric and Thermal Characterization of Advanced Hybrid Li-Ion Capacitor Rechargeable Energy
Storage System, Edition: 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and
Electrical Drives, pp: 1574 - 1580, ISBNISSN: 2155-5516, 2013, Noshin Omar, Hamid Gualous,
Monzer Al Sakka, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche

19. Influence of Pulse Variations on the Parameters of First Order Empirical Li-Ion Battery Model,
Edition:Electric Vehicle Symposium 27 (EVS27), Barcelona, 2013, Jelle Smekens, Omar Hegazy,

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Noshin Omar, Widanalage Dhammika Widanage, Annick Hubin, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den
Bossche

20. Influence of Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique of Multi-Level DC/DC Converter on
Second-Life Battery Performances, Edition: 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy
Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2013, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Omar Hegazy, Noshin
Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche, Grietus Mulder, Bart Mantels

21. Lithium-Ion Capacitor - Advanced Technology for Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems, Edition:
EVS 27, 2013, Noshin Omar, Yousef Firouz, Jan Ronsmans, Mohamed Abdel Monem, Ahmadou
Samba, Hamid Gualous, Omar Hegazy, Jelle Smekens, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Peter Van
Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

22. SuperLIB Project - Analysis of the Performances of the Hybrid Lithium HE-HP Architecture For
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Edition: EVS 27, 2013, Noshin Omar, Karel Fleurbaey, Can
Kurtulus, Peter Van Den Bossche, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo

23. Tale of Three Plugs: Infrastructure Standardization in Europe, Edition: EVS26, published by:

EDTA, 2012, Peter Van Den Bossche, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo

2012

1. New Generation of Electric Vehicles: Batteries and Supercapacitors for Electric Vehicles,
published by: InTech, published at: Croatia, ISBN-ISSN: 978-953-51-0893-1, 2012, Noshin Omar,
Joeri Van Mierlo, Monzer Al Sakka, Hamid Gualous

2. A Comparative Study of Battery Models Parameter Estimation, Edition:lnternational Review of
Electrical Engineering-IREE, Issue: 4, Volume: 7, pp: 4915 - 4924, published by: Praise Worthy
Prize, ISBN-ISSN: 1827-6660, 2012, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche,
Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.364, impact year: 2010

3. Assessment of Li-ion capacitor for using in BEV and HEV applications, Edition: Electrochimica
Acta, Volume: 86, pp: 305 - 315, eds: Sergio Trasati, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0013-
4686, 2012, Noshin Omar, Monzer Al Sakka, Omar Hegazy, Mohamed Daowd, Thierry Clement
Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche Impact factor: 3.642, impact year: 2010

4. Assessment of Second Life of Lithium Iron Phosphate Based Batteries, Edition: International
Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), Issue: 2, Volume: 7, pp: 3941 - 3948, published by: Praise
Worthy Prize, ISBN-ISSN: 1827-6660, 2012, Noshin Omar, Mohamed Daowd, Jean-Marc
Timmermans, Omar Hegazy, Peter Van Den Bossche, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van
Mierlo Impact factor: 1.364, impact year: 2010

5. Comparison of commercial battery cells in relation to material properties,
Edition:Elecrtrochimica Acta, Volume: 87, pp: 473 - 488, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0013-
4686, 2012, Grietus Mulder, Noshin Omar, Stijn Pauwels, Bavo Verbrugge, Peter Van Den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Filip Leemans, Daan Six, Marcel Meeus Impact factor: 3.832, impact
year: 2012

6. Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors in Hybrid Topologies - Assessment and Evaluation of Their
Performance, Edition:Energies, Issue: 11, Volume: 5, pp: 4533 - 4568, published by: MDPI, ISBN-
ISSN: 1996-1073, 2012, Noshin Omar, Mohamed Daowd, Omar Hegazy, Peter Van Den Bossche,
Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.865, impact year: 2012

7. Capacitor Based Battery Balancing System, Edition: EVS26 - Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2012,
Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Development of a
Thermal Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Edition: EVS 26,

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2012, Noshin Omar, Monzer Al Sakka, Mohamed Daowd, Omar Hegazy, Thierry Clement
Coosemans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

8. SuperLib Project: Advanced Dual-Cell Battery Concept for Battery Electric Vehicles, Edition: EVS-
26, pp: 1-6, 2012, Noshin Omar, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joseph Martin, Valerie Sauvant-
Moynot, Justin Salminen, Hennige Volker, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche

2011

1. Technologische verkenning 2010 "Elektrische voertuigen", published by: Vlaams Elektro
Innovatiecentrum (VEI), ISBN-ISSN:, 2011, Maarten Messagie, Kenneth Lebeau, Jean-Marc
Timmermans, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche, Cathy Macharis

2. Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles-Assessment of
Electrical Characteristics, Edition: Energies, Issue: 8, Volume: 5, pp: 2952 - 2988, published by:
MDPI, ISBN-ISSN: 1996-1073, 2012, Noshin Omar, Mohamed Daowd, Peter Van Den Bossche,
Omar Hegazy, Jelle Smekens, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.865,
impact year: 2011

3. Standardization work for BEV and HEV Applications: Critical Appraisal of Recent Traction Battery
Documents, Edition: Journal of Energies, Issue: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Volume: 5, N° in
volume: 1, pp: 138 - 156, published by: MDPI, ISBN-ISSN: 1996-1073, 2012, Noshin Omar,
Mohamed Daowd, Omar Hegazy, Grietus Mulder, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Thierry Clement
Coosemans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.865, impact year: 2011

4. A Review of Passive and Active Battery Balancing based on MATLAB/Simulink, Edition:Journal of
International Review of Electrical Engineering - IREE, Issue: 7, Volume: 6, pp: 2974 - 2989,
published by: Praise Worthy Prize, ISBNISSN: 1827-6660, 2011, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar,
Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.364, impact year: 2010

5. Enhanced test methods to characterise automotive battery cells, Edition:Journal of Power
Sources, Journal of Power Sources, eds: P. Moseley, published by: Elsevier, ISBN-ISSN: 0378-
7753, 2011, Grietus Mulders, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact
factor: 4.950, impact year: 2011

6. Extended PNGV Battery Model for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Edition: International Review of
Electrical Engineering-IREE, Issue: 4, Volume: 6, N° in volume: 3, pp: 1264 - 1278, published by:
Praise Worthy Prize, ISBNISSN: 1827-6660, 2011, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Peter Van
Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo Impact factor: 1.364, impact year: 2010

7. Matching Accessories: Standardization Development in Electric Vehicle Infrastructure, Edition:
World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume: 4, pp: 921 -926, published by: World Electric Vehicle
Association, ISBN-ISSN: 2032-6653, 2011, Peter Van Den Bossche, Bavo Verbrugge, Noshin
Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo

8. Evaluatie van Lithium-ion Batterijen in Batterij Aangedreven Voertuigen, Edition:Koninklijke
Belgische Vereniging der Elektrotechnici Revue Etijdschrift, Issue: 3,, 2011, Noshin Omar, Jean-
Marc Timmermans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Joeri Van Mierlo

9. Het gebruik van elektrische dubbellaagcondensatoren als piekvermogeneenheid, Edition:
Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging der Elektrotechnici Revue E-tijdschrift, Issue: 3, pp: 21 - 27,
2011, Noshin Omar, Thierry Clement Coosemans, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Peter Van Den
Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

10. Assessment of Performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate Oxide, Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
and Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Based cells for Using in Plug-in Battery Electric Vehicle

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Applications, Edition: IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) 2011, pp: 1-7,
published by: IEEE, ISBN-ISSN: 978-1-61284-246-2, 2011, Noshin Omar, Mohamed Daowd,
Grietus Mulder, Jean-Marc Timmermans, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, S. Pauwels

11. Battery Models for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Edition: EEVC - European Electric Vehicle
Congress, 2011, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo
Electric Vehicle Battery Modeling by MATLAB/Simulink Tools, Edition: International Conference
on Computer Modelling and Simulation (CSSim 2011), 2011, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar,
Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo

12. Passive and Active Battery Balancing comparison based on MATLAB Simulation, Edition: Vehicle
Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC'll), pp: 1-7, published by: IEEE, ISBN-ISSN:
9781612842486, 2011, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van
Mierlo

2010

1. Power and Life Enhancement of Battery-Electrical Double Layer Capacitor for Hybrid Electric and
Charge-Depleting Plug-in Vehicle Applications, Edition:Electrochimica Acta, Issue: 25, N° in
volume: 55, pp: 7534 - 7531, ISBN-ISSN: 0013-4686, 2010, Noshin Omar, Bavo Verbrugge, Joeri
Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche Impact factor: 3.078, impact year: 2009

2. Trends and Development Status of IEC Global Electric Vehicle Standards, Edition:Journal of Asian
Electric Vehicles, Volume: 8, N° in volume: 2, pp: 1409 -1414, ISBN-ISSN: 1883-6038, 2010, Peter
Van Den Bossche, Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo

3. Assessment of behavior of Active EDLC-Battery system in Heavy Hybrid Charge Depleting
Vehicles, Edition: ESSCAP 2010, 2010, Noshin Omar, Monzer Al Sakka, Mohamed Daowd, Peter
Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van Mierlo, Thierry Clement Coosemans

4. Assessment of Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries for PHEV Vehicles
Applications Based on a Newly Test Methodology, Edition: EVS 25, 2010, Noshin Omar,

Mohamed Daowd, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche, Bavo Verbrugge, Grietus Mulder, S.
Pauwels 5. Battery Models Parameter Estimation based on Matlab/Simulink, Edition: EVS 25,
2010, Mohamed Daowd, Noshin Omar, Bavo Verbrugge, Peter Van Den Bossche, Joeri Van
Mierlo

5. Evaluation of performance characteristics of various lithium batteries for use in BEV application,
Edition: VPPC 2010, 2010, Noshin Omar, Mohamed Daowd, Bavo Verbrugge, Grietus Mulder,
Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van Den Bossche

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Appendix B
Charge to Reviewers

B-l

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Technical Charge to External Peer Reviewers

Contract No. 68HE0C18C0001
Work Assignment 4-20
April 2023

External Peer Review of Report: Cost and Technology Evaluation, Conventional
Powertrain Vehicle Compared to an Electrified Powertrain Vehicle, Same

Vehicle Class and OEM

BACKGROUND

This report is another key milestone in an extensive effort being carried out by FEV, under contract with
EPA, to estimate the costs of technologies likely to be used in meeting future light-duty highway vehicle
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards. The report details the methodologies used by FEV and its
subcontractor(s) to determine the absolute manufacturing cost of two vehicles on a similar platform
with different powertrain technologies.

CHARGE QUESTIONS

In preparing comments, please distinguish between recommendations for clearly defined improvements
that can be readily made, based on data or literature reasonably available to EPA, and improvements
that are more exploratory or dependent, which would be based on information not readily available to
EPA. Comments should be clear and detailed enough to EPA readers or other parties familiar with the
report to allow a thorough understanding of the comment's relevance to material provided for review.
Additionally, EPA requests that the reviewers not release the peer review materials or their comments
until the Agency makes its report/cost model and supporting documentation public.

No independent data analysis will be required for this review. Instead, EPA is seeking the reviewer's
expert opinion on the methodologies and cost results of this study, and whether they are likely to yield
an accurate assessment of the true cost of these vehicles and their subsystems. Each reviewer should
comment on all aspects of the report.

Please organize all responses according to the charge questions below for each of the two categories
listed below.

1. Methodology/Results:

la. Is the methodology documented in the report generally reasonable and likely to yield accurate
results? Is any bias likely to be introduced to the results due to methodological issues? If so,
please indicate the direction of this bias and potential remedies.

lb. Please identify any general flaws inherent in the scope of the study. Do you feel the results
would be altered if the scope were more limited or expanded? Please explain.

lc. Are all appropriate inputs for the study being considered? Conversely, are all inputs considered
in the study appropriate? Please cite any particular inputs or assumptions made by the study
that you feel are inappropriate or likely to bias the results and how they could be remedied,
with particular emphasis on sources of information used in determining labor rates, material
prices, manufacturing burdens and other key factors.

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le. Are the results expected of the study appropriate for the given scope, assumptions, and inputs?
Are there other results that could be derived from the analysis that would support or contradict
those cited by the study? Is appropriate validation made on the costing methodology and
results? Please expand on any recommendations that you would make for analyses of study
results.

2. Editorial content:

2a. Is sufficient detail provided in the body for a reader familiar with the subject EPA Contract
report to understand the process and conclusions? Are appropriate appendices included?
Please specify any specific content that you recommended be added or removed.

2b. Please comment on any editorial issues that should be addressed in the report, including any
comments on general organization, pagination, or grammar and wording.

B-4

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