United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Fiscal Year 2025
Justification of Appropriation
Estimates for the
Committee on Appropriations
Tab 11: State and Tribal Assistance Grants
EPA-190R24002 March 2024
www.epa.gov/cj
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Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
Table of Contents - State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Resource Summary Table 3
Program Projects in STAG 8
Categorical Grants 11
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection 12
Categorical Grant: Brownfields 14
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information 16
Categorical Grant: Lead 20
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants 23
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319) 25
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement 28
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation 30
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106) 34
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention 40
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) 43
Categorical Grant: Radon 47
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management 49
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance 54
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management 56
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program 59
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC) 61
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks 63
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development 65
Categorical Grant: Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreements 67
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants 70
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) 73
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program 74
Brownfields Projects 77
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages 81
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF 83
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water Congressionally Directed Spending 87
1
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Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF 88
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water Congressionally Directed Spending 94
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border 95
Targeted Airshed Grants 98
Safe Water for Small & Disadvantaged Communities 100
Reducing Lead in Drinking Water 102
Lead Testing in Schools 104
Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability 106
Technical Assistance for Wastewater Treatment Works 108
Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants 110
Water Infrastructure Workforce Investment 112
Technical Assistance and Grants for Emergencies (SDWA) 114
Midsize and Large Drinking Water System Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability
116
Indian Reservation Drinking Water Program 118
Clean Water Infrastructure Resiliency and Sustainability Program 120
Small and Medium Publicly Owned Treatment Works Circuit Rider Program 122
Grants for Low and Moderate Income Household Decentralized Wastewater Systems 124
Connection to Publicly Owned Treatment Works 126
Stormwater Infrastructure Technology 128
Alternative Water Sources Grants Pilot Program 130
Enhanced Aquifer Use and Recharge 132
Water Sector Cybersecurity 133
Recycling Infrastructure 135
Wildfire Smoke Preparedness 138
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Environmental Protection Agency
FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan and Congressional Justification
APPROPRIATION: State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Resource Summary Table
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2025
President's Budget
FY 2023
FY 2024
FY 2025
v.
Final
Annualized
President's
FY 2024
Actuals
CR
Budget
Annualized CR
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
Budget Authority
$2,988,952
$4,493,728
$4,528,039
$34,311
Total Workyears
9.4
7.5
9.0
1.5
Bill Language: State and Tribal Assistance Grants
For environmental programs and infrastructure assistance, including capitalization grants for
State revolving funds and performance partnership grants, $4,528,039,000, to remain available
until expended, of which
(l) $1,239,895,000 shall be for making capitalization grants for the Clean Water State
Revolving Funds under title VI of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and of which
$1,126,105,000 shall be for making capitalization grants for the Drinking Water State Revolving
Funds under section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Provided, That for fiscal year 2025, to
the extent there are sufficient eligible project applications and projects are consistent with State
Intended Use Plans, not less than 15 percent of the funds made available under this title to each
State for Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants shall be used by the State for
projects to address green infrastructure, water or energy efficiency improvements, or other
environmentally innovative activities: Provided further, That for fiscal year 2025, funds made
available under this title to each State for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund capitalization
grants may, at the discretion of each State, be used for projects to address green infrastructure,
water or energy efficiency improvements, or other environmentally innovative activities: Provided
further, That the Administrator is authorized to use up to $1,500,000 of funds made available for
the Clean Water State Revolving Funds under this heading under title VI of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1381) to conduct the Clean Watersheds Needs Survey: Provided
further, That notwithstanding section 603(d)(7) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the
limitation on the amounts in a State water pollution control revolving fund that may be used by a
State to administer the fund shall not apply to amounts included as principal in loans made by
such fund in fiscal year 2025 andprior years where such amounts represent costs of administering
the fund to the extent that such amounts are or were deemed reasonable by the Administrator,
accountedfor separately from other assets in the fund, and usedfor eligible purposes of the fund,
including administration: Provided further, That for fiscal year 2025, notwithstanding the
provisions of subsections (g)(1), (h), and (I) of section 201 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act, grants made under title II of such Act for American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Marianas, the United States Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia may also be
made for the purpose ofproviding assistance: (1) solelyforfacility plans, design activities, or plans,
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specifications, and estimatesfor any proposedproject for the construction of treatment works; and
(2) for the construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned treatment works serving one or
more principal residences or small commercial establishments: Provided further, That for fiscal
year 2025, notwithstanding the provisions of such subsections (g)(1), (h), and (I) of section 201
and section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, funds reserved by the Administrator
for grants under section 518(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act may also be used to
provide assistance: (1) solely for facility plans, design activities, or plans, specifications, and
estimates for any proposed project for the construction of treatment works; and (2) for the
construction, repair, or replacement of privately owned treatment works serving one or more
principal residences or small commercial establishments: Provided further, That for fiscal year
2025, notwithstanding any provision of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and regulations
issued pursuant thereof, up to a total of $2,000,000 of the funds reserved by the Administrator for
grants under section 518(c) of such Act may also be usedfor grantsfor training, technical assistance,
and educational programs relating to the operation and management of the treatment works
specified in section 518(c) of such Act: Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2025, funds reserved
under section 518(c) of such Act shall be available for grants only to Indian tribes, as defined in
section 518(h) of such Act and former Indian reservations in Oklahoma (as determined by the
Secretary of the Interior) and Native Villages as defined in Public Law 92-203: Providedfurther,
Thatforfiscal year 2025, notwithstanding the limitation on amounts in section 518(c) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds appropriated, or $30,000,000,
whichever is greater, and notwithstanding the limitation on amounts in section 1452(i) of the Safe
Drinking Water Act, up to a total of 2 percent of the funds appropriated, or $20,000,000, whichever
is greater, for State Revolving Funds under such Acts may be reserved by the Administrator for
grants under section 518(c) and section 1452(i) of such Acts: Providedfurther, Thatforfiscal year
2025, notwithstanding the amounts specified in section 205(c) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, up to 1.5 percent of the aggregate funds appropriated for the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund program under the Act less any sums reserved under section 518(c) of the Act,
may be reserved by the Administrator for grants made under title II of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act for American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and United
States Virgin Islands: Providedfurther, That for fiscal year 2025, notwithstanding the limitations
on amounts specified in section 1452(j) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, up to 1.5 percent of the
funds appropriated for the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs under the Safe
Drinking Water Act may be reserved by the Administrator for grants made under section 1452(j)
of the Safe Drinking Water Act: Providedfurther, That 10 percent of the funds made available under
this title to each State for Clean Water State Revolving Fund capitalization grants and 14 percent
of the funds made available under this title to each State for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
capitalization grants shall be used by the State to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in
theform of forgiveness of principal, negative interest loans, or grants (or any combination of these),
and shall be so used by the State only where such funds are provided as initial financing for an
eligible recipient or to buy, refinance, or restructure the debt obligations of eligible recipients only
where such debt was incurred on or after the date of enactment of this Act, or where such debt was
incurred prior to the date of enactment of this Act if the State, with concurrence from the
Administrator, determines that such funds could be used to help address a threat to public health
from heightened exposure to lead in drinking water or if a Federal or State emergency declaration
has been issued due to a threat to public health from heightened exposure to lead in a municipal
drinking water supply before the date of enactment of this Act: Provided further, That in a State
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in which such an emergency declaration has been issued, the State may use more than 14 percent
of the funds made available under this title to the State for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
capitalization grants to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients: Provided further, That
notwithstanding section 1452(o) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(o)), the
Administrator shall reserve $12,000,000 of the amounts made available for fiscal year 2025 for
making capitalization grants for the Drinking Water State Revolving Funds to pay the costs of
monitoring for unregulated contaminants under section 1445(a)(2)(C) of such Act: Provided
further, That no amounts may be rescindedfrom amounts that were designated by the Congress as
an emergency requirement pursuant to a Concurrent Resolution on the Budget or the Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of1985;
(2) $36,386,000 shall be for architectural, engineering, planning, design, construction and
related activities in connection with the construction of high priority water and wastewater facilities
in the area of the United States-Mexico Border, after consultation with the appropriate border
commission: Provided, That no funds provided by this appropriations Act to address the water,
wastewater and other critical infrastructure needs of the colonias in the United States along the
United States-Mexico border shall be made available to a county or municipal government unless
that government has established an enforceable local ordinance, or other zoning rule, which
prevents in that jurisdiction the development or construction of any additional colonia areas, or
the development within an existing colonia the construction of any new home, business, or other
structure which lacks water, wastewater, or other necessary infrastructure;
(3) $41,000,000 shall be for grants to the State of Alaska to address drinking water and
wastewater infrastructure needs of rural and Alaska Native Villages: Provided, That of these
funds: (A) the State of Alaska shall provide a match of 25 percent; (B) no more than 5 percent of
the funds may be usedfor administrative and overhead expenses; and (C) the State of Alaska shall
make awards consistent with the Statewide priority list established in conjunction with the Agency
and the U.S. Department of Agriculture for all water, sewer, waste disposal, and similar projects
carried out by the State of Alaska that are funded under section 221 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1301) or the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C.
1921 et seq.) which shall allocate not less than 25 percent ofthe funds providedfor projects in regional
hub communities;
(4) $114,482,000 shall be to carry out section 104(k) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), including grants, interagency
agreements, and associated program support costs: Provided, that at least 10 percent shall be
allocated for assistance in persistent poverty counties;
(5) $100,000,000 shall be for grants under title VII, subtitle G of the Energy Policy Act of2005;
(6) $69,927,000 shall be for targeted airshed grants in accordance with the terms and conditions
in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this
consolidated Act);
(7) $30,173,000 shall be for grants under subsections (a) through (j) of section 1459A of the
Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-19a);
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(8) $36,500,000 shall be for grants under section 1464(d) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. 300j-24(d));
(9) $64,479,000 shall be for grants under section 1459B of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. 300j-19b);
(10) $25,000,000 shall be for grants under section 1459A(l) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. 300j-19a(l));
(11) $18,000,000 shall be for grants under section 104(b)(8) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1254(b)(8));
(12) $50,000,000 shall be for grants under section 221 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1301);
(13) $6,000,000 shall be for grants under section 4304(b) of the America's Water Infrastructure
Act of 2018 (Public Law 115270);
(14) $10,005,000 shall be for carrying out section 302(a) of the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act (33 U.S. C.
4283(a)), of which not more than 5 percent shall be for administrative costs to carry out such section:
Provided, That notwithstanding section 302(a) of such Act, the Administrator may also provide grants
pursuant to such authority to intertribal consortia consistent with the requirements in 40 CFR
35.504(a), to former Indian reservations in Oklahoma (as determined by the Secretary of the
Interior), and Alaska Native Villages as defined in Public Law 92-203;
(15) $1,465,087,000 shall be for grants, including associated program support costs, to States,
federally recognized tribes, interstate agencies, tribal consortia, and air pollution control agencies
for multi-media or single media pollution prevention, control and abatement, and related activities,
including activities pursuant to the provisions setforth under this heading in Public Law 104 134,
and for making grants under section 103 of the Clean Air Act for particulate matter monitoring
and data collection activities subject to terms and conditions specified by the Administrator, and
under section 2301 of the Water and Waste Act of 2016 to assist States in developing and
implementing programs for control of coal combustion residuals, of which: $53,954,000 shall be
for carrying out section 128 of CERCLA; $15,000,000 shall be for Environmental Information
Exchange Network grants, including associated program support costs; $1,505,000 shall be for
grants to States under section 2007(f)(2) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, which shall be in addition
to funds appropriated under the heading "Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
Program" to carry out the provisions of the Solid Waste Disposal Act specified in section 9508(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code other than section 9003(h) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act;
$28,915,000 of the funds available for grants under section 106 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act shall be for State participation in national- and State-level statistical surveys of water
resources and enhancements to State monitoring programs; and $10,200,000 shall be for
multipurpose grants, including interagency agreements, in accordance with the terms and
conditions described in the explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding
division A of this consolidated Act);
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(16) $2,000,000 shall be for grants under section 1442(b) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. 300j-l(b));
(17) $5,000,000 shall be for grants under section 1459F of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42
U.S.C. 300j19g);
(18) $5,000,000 shall be for carrying out section 2001 of the America's Water Infrastructure
Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-270, 42 U.S.C. 300j-3c note): Provided, That the Administrator may
award grants and enter into contracts with tribes, intertribal consortia, public or private agencies,
institutions, organizations, and individuals, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31
and section 6101 of title 41, United States Code, and enter into interagency agreements as
appropriate;
(19) $25,000,000 shall be for grants under section 223 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1302a);
(20) $5,000,000 shall befor grants under section 224 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1302b);
(21) $5,000,000 shall befor grants under section 226 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1302d);
(22) $3,000,000 shall befor grants under section 227 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1302e);
(23) $5,000,000 shall be for grants under section 50217(b) of the Infrastructure Investment
and Jobs Act (33 U.S.C. 1302f(b); Public Law 11758);
(24) $3,000,000 shall be for grants under section 220 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1300);
(2 5) $5,000,000 shall be for grants under section 124 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(33 U.S.C. 1276);
(26) $25,000,000, in addition to amounts otherwise available, shall be for competitive grants
to meet cybersecurity infrastructure needs within the water sector; and
(27) $7,000,000 shall be for grants under section 103(b)(3) of the Clean Air Act for wildfire
smoke preparedness grants in accordance with the terms and conditions in the explanatory
statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act):
Provided, That not more than 3 percent shall be for administrative costs to carry out such section.
Provided, That up to 5 percent of the funds appropriated under this heading in each of paragraphs
(16) through (25) may be reserved for salaries, expenses, and administration, and may be
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transferred to the "Environmental Programs and Management" account or the "Science and
Technology" account as needed.
Program Projects in STAG
[Dollars in Thousands)
Program Project
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
$9,583
$10,619
$9,811
-$808
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
$44,730
$47,195
$53,954
$6,759
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
$7,400
$10,836
$15,000
$4,164
Categorical Grant: Lead
$15,501
$16,326
$24,639
$8,313
Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants
$195
$0
$10,200
$10,200
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
$176,686
$182,000
$188,999
$6,999
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
$24,703
$25,580
$25,580
$0
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program
Implementation
$13,958
$14,027
$14,027
$0
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Monitoring Grants
$20,842
$18,512
$28,915
$10,403
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control
(Sec. 106) (other activities)
$221,431
$218,488
$259,805
$41,317
Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution Control
(Sec. 106)
$242,272
$237,000
$288,720
$51,720
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
$6,804
$4,973
$5,755
$782
Categorical Grant: Public Water System
Supervision (PWSS)
$123,137
$121,500
$132,566
$11,066
Categorical Grant: Radon
$8,958
$10,995
$12,487
$1,492
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances
Compliance
$5,005
$5,010
$6,877
$1,867
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality
Management
$16,620
$16,415
$23,126
$6,711
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance
Program
$82,649
$74,750
$85,009
$10,259
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection
Control (UIC)
$12,661
$13,164
$11,387
-$1,777
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
$1,503
$1,505
$1,505
$0
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program
Development
$6,122
$14,692
$22,000
$7,308
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality
Management
$246,130
$249,038
$400,198
$151,160
Categorical Grants: Direct Implementation Tribal
Cooperative Agreements
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants
$105,369
$105,000
$108,247
$3,247
Subtotal, Categorical Grants
$1,149,986
$1,160,625
$1,465,087
$304,462
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Program Pro ject
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Alternative Water Sources Grants Pilot Program
$0
$0
$3,000
$3,000
Brownfields Projects
$87,833
$100,000
$114,482
$14,482
Clean Water Infrastructure Resiliency and
Sustainability Program
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Connection to Publicly Owned Treatment Works
$0
$0
$3,000
$3,000
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
$7,239
$100,000
$100,000
$0
Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and
Sustainability
$0
$7,000
$25,000
$18,000
Enhanced Aquifer Use and Recharge
$0
$4,000
$5,000
$1,000
Grants for Low and Moderate Income Household
Decentralized Wastewater Systems
$0
$0
$5,000
$5,000
Indian Reservation Drinking Water Program
$0
$4,000
$5,000
$1,000
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native
Villages
$41,810
$39,686
$41,000
$1,314
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
$735,951
$775,752
$1,239,895
-$464,143
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water
Congressionally Directed Spending
$80,622
$863,109
$0
-$863,109
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
$504,719
$516,845
$1,126,105
$609,260
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water
Congressionally Directed Spending
$142,276
$609,256
$0
-$609,256
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
$33,698
$36,386
$36,386
$0
Lead Testing in Schools
$5,417
$30,500
$36,500
$6,000
Midsize and Large Drinking Water System
Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability
$0
$5,000
$5,000
$0
Recycling Infrastructure
$2,136
$6,500
$10,005
$3,505
Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
$32,301
$25,011
$64,479
$39,468
Safe Water for Small & Disadvantaged
Communities
$22,887
$30,158
$30,173
$15
San Juan Watershed Monitoring
$585
$0
$0
$0
Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants
$48,486
$50,000
$50,000
$0
Small and Medium Publicly Owned Treatment
Works Circuit Rider Program
$0
$0
$5,000
$5,000
Stormwater Infrastructure Technology
$0
$3,000
$5,000
$2,000
Targeted Airshed Grants
$34,669
$69,927
$69,927
$0
Technical Assistance and Grants for Emergencies
(SDWA)
$0
$0
$2,000
$2,000
Technical Assistance for Wastewater Treatment
Works
$40,617
$27,000
$18,000
-$9,000
Water Infrastructure Workforce Investment
$0
$6,000
$6,000
$0
Water Sector Cybersecurity
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Wildfire Smoke Preparedness
$330
$7,000
$7,000
$0
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Program Pro ject
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
$1,821,656
$3,316,130
$3,062,952
-$253,178
TOTAL STAG
$2,988,952
$4,493,728
$4,528,039
$34,311
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Categorical Grants
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Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Waterbodies and Watersheds
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
V/i.S'.i
SHU, 19
SV.XII
-sms
Total Budget Authority
$9,583
$10,619
$9,811
-$808
Program Project Description:
EPA's Beaches Protection Grant Program awards grants to eligible coastal and Great Lakes states,
territories, and tribes to improve water quality monitoring at beaches and to notify the public of
beach advisories and closings. The Beaches Grant Program is a collaborative effort between EPA,
states, territories, local governments, and tribes to help ensure that coastal and Great Lakes
recreational waters are safe for swimming. Congress created the Program with the passage of the
Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) with the goal of
reducing risk to the public of waterborne disease related to the use of recreational water.
EPA awards grants to eligible states, territories, and tribes using an allocation formula developed
in consultation with states and other organizations. The allocation takes into consideration beach
season length, beach miles, and beach use.1
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.2, Protect and Restore Waterbodies and
Watersheds in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Eligible states, territories, tribes, and localities will receive grant funding to continue to:
Administer the grant program;
Implement monitoring and notification programs consistent with EPA guidance; and
Submit monitoring and advisory data to EPA for production of an annual report in a timely
manner.2
The Beaches Protection Grant Program is a covered program in the Justice40 Initiative and has
two goals: (1) at least 40 percent of beaches serving disadvantaged communities have their water
quality monitored for bacteria and (2) at least 40 percent of beaches serving disadvantaged
1 For more information, please see: www.epa.gov/beach-tech/beach-grants. See EPA's Beach Advisory and Closing On-line
Notification (BEACON) system flittps://watersgeo.epa.gov/beacon2/Beacon.html) for water quality and notification data that
grant recipients provide to EPA.
2 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/beach-tech/amiual-beach-swimmiiig-season-reports.
12
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communities have programs to notify the public if it is safe to swim.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$808.0) This program change redirects funding to other administration priorities.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act, BEACH Act of 2000.
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Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Objective(s): Clean Up and Restore Land for Productive Uses and Healthy Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S-l-l. ~M)
S J-.IV5
YvW-/
V).
Total Budget Authority
$44,730
$47,195
$53,954
$6,759
Program Project Description:
EPA's Brownfields Program is a successful model of the Agency working cooperatively with
states, tribes, local governments, and other agencies to help communities oversee, plan, assess, and
cleanup brownfields properties. State and Tribal Response Programs address contaminated sites
that do not require federal action but need assessment and/or cleanup before they can be considered
ready for reuse. The Program allocates funding to states and tribes to establish core capabilities,
enhance their response programs, and conduct site assessments and cleanups.
Approximately 160 million people (roughly 48 percent of the U.S. population) live within three
miles of a brownfields site that received EPA funding.3 Since its inception, the Brownfields
Program has fostered a community-driven approach to the reuse of contaminated sites. As of
August 2023, the State and Tribal Response Programs have leveraged more than 20,423 jobs and
$3.0 billion in IIJA funding. State and Tribal funding spent on site-specific brownfields work has
contributed to 4,136 sites assessed, 559 sites cleaned up, and 1,743 sites made ready for anticipated
reuse (RAU). Sites receiving these funds are 1.5 times more likely to become RAU than sites
receiving brownfields competitive grant funding alone. In 2023, EPA provided funding to 169
states, tribes, territories, and the District of Columbia.4
This funding is a critical source for state and tribal partners to establish and grow their brownfields
programs. Over 100 tribes have received brownfields funding to build their programs, and
cumulatively these programs have cleaned up over 4,900 properties and made over 168 thousand
acres ready for reuse. Addressing brownfields sites on tribal lands also has leveraged over 1,396
jobs and $217 million.5
In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) invests $300 million to support State
and Tribal Response programs from FY 2022 through FY 2026. IIJA can provide necessary funds
to states and territories and over 100 tribes to grow their brownfields programs.
3 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management, 2023. Data collected includes: 1) Brownfields site information from
ACRES as of the end of FY 2022; 2) Population data from the 2017-2021 American Community Survey.
4 Data from U.S. EPA Assessment, Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchange System (ACRES).
5 Data from U.S. EPA ACRES.
14
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 6/Objective 6.1, Clean Up and Restore Land for
Productive Uses and Healthy Communities in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA requests an investment of approximately $6.8 million to assist state and tribal
brownfields programs to assess, clean up, and reuse sites. EPA's national brownfields program is
built upon and fully reliant on strong state, territorial, and tribal brownfields programs. These
additional funds especially benefit rural and small communities and tribal nations that do not have
the capacity to apply for and manage a direct U.S. EPA 104(k) brownfields grant on their own.
States and tribes may use categorical grant funding provided under this program in the following
ways:
Conducting site-specific activities, such as assessments and cleanups at brownfields sites;6
Developing mechanisms and resources to provide meaningful opportunities for public
participation;
Developing mechanisms for approval of cleanup plans and verification and certification
that cleanup efforts are complete;
Creating an inventory of brownfields sites;
Capitalizing a Revolving Loan Fund for brownfields-related work;
Developing a public record;
Developing oversight and enforcement authorities, or other mechanisms and resources;
Purchasing environmental insurance;
Developing state and tribal tracking and management systems for land use and institutional
and engineering controls; and
Conducting public education and outreach efforts to ensure that tribal communities are
informed and able to participate in environmental decision-making.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Brownfields Projects Program under
the STAG appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6,759.0) This program change increases financial and technical assistance resources to
state and tribal response programs.
Statutory Authority:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) § 128(a).
6 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/browfields/state-and-tribal-response-program-grants.
15
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Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Cross-Agency Mission and Science Support
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S '.-100
SlO.SJf)
S J
S 4.104
Tolal Budget Authority
!>7,400
S10,836
SI 5,000
HI 64
Program Project Description:
The funds provided under this categorical grant support the Environmental Information Exchange
Network (EN), which is a critical component of the Agency' s Data Strategy and supports Executive
Order (EO) 13 98 5: Advancing Racial Equality and Supportfor Under served Communities through
the Federal Government1 The EN is a standards-based, secure approach for EPA and its tribal,
state, and territorial partners to exchange and share environmental data over the internet. The EN
offers its partners tremendous potential for managing, accessing, and analyzing environmental data
more effectively and efficiently.
The Exchange Network Grant Program provides funding to federally recognized tribes and tribal
consortia, states, and territories. These assistance agreements support participation in the EN
through integration and development of tools leveraging EN technology, data standards, open-
source software, shared services, and reusable components. EN partners acquire and develop the
hardware, software, and data infrastructure needed to collect, report, and access environmental
data with greater efficiency and integrate information across programs. The EN is the standard
approach to share data across tribes, states, territories, and EPA. The EN Grant Program also plays
a critical role in evolving the EN technology to support the vision of the Digital Strategy.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program provides Cross-Agency Mission and Science Support and is allocated across
strategic goals and objectives in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, the Environmental Information Programs and activities will continue to focus on
environmental justice (EJ) for tribal, state, and territorial partnerships in support of EO 13985:
Advancing Racial Equality and Support for Underserved Communities through the Federal
Government.1 The EN Program plays a critical role in supporting the Administration's
comprehensive approach to advancing equity for all, including those who have been historically
underserved, marginalized, and adversely affected by persistent poverty and inequality. Tribes are
often understaffed and under resourced and lack the capacity to take on the development of data
and Information Technology (IT) management related environmental media. Outreach, training,
7 For additional information, please see: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-
order-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-govemment/.
16
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and targeted data and IT capacity building funding opportunities within the EN Grant Program
Solicitation Notice have resulted in tribes receiving 59 percent of grant resources awarded in FY
2023.
In FY 2025, the EN Grant Program will prioritize increasing the Data and IT management capacity
of the tribal and territorial partners to expand their participation in the EN. A key funding area
within the FY 2025 EN Grant Solicitation Notice will continue to be capacity building for tribes
and territories, with the inclusion of mentoring resources for first time tribal and territorial
applicants. EPA annually awards over $2.3 million of overall grant program resources to tribal
recipients. To increase the support for tribal and territorial partners, EPA's request includes an
additional $4.2 million in FY 2025 to establish a minimum funding level within the overall EN
Grant program funding exclusively dedicated to tribal and territorial grantees to build capacity
with funding assistance and mentoring. EPA will improve the use of grant resources that sustain
tribal Data and IT management activities.
Through its Tribal Cooperative Agreement, the EN Grant Program will support multiple Data
Academy sessions which emphasize basic data management skills critical for effective
environmental program management. The annual Tribal EN Conference, held by the Agency's
cooperative agreement partner, will continue to focus on Data and IT management training and
include information transfer sessions based on topics identified by over 130 tribes. Topics were
identified in a baseline assessment conducted by a Tribal EN Group supported by the cooperative
agreement partner as well as input from tribes to the Office of Mission Support Tribal Five-Year
Strategic Plan, which was completed in FY 2022. Outreach activities such as webinars and story
maps outlining tribal EN Grant Program awards success stories also will continue to be prioritized
to expand tribal knowledge about the benefits of applying for EN grants.
Tribal engagement and participation in EN efforts has significantly increased over the past few
years. As a result, tribes have requested greater EN program administration support, comparable
to what states receive. Given the continuing growth in tribal participation in the EN and the
expansion of rural broadband through the American Broadband Initiative,8 EPA anticipates many
more tribes will engage in data management and electronic reporting and, consequently, there will
be expanded interest in tribal participation in the EN. In response to this need, EPA will dedicate
resources for program administration support to increase tribal engagement in the EN. These
resources will support strategic planning and implementation approaches for tribes to participate
in the EN, build data management and technical capacity, and enable the EN Grant Program to
measure the effectiveness of these approaches to meet this goal. This will support EO 13985 and
strengthen EJ to revitalize underserved communities.
In FY 2025, EPA will continue to support the EN through a cooperative agreement with an
organization that represents the interests of state environmental programs under the associated
program support cost authority.9 This includes support to governance, which represents a cross-
section of EPA, state, and tribal organizations.
8 For additional information, please see: https://www.ntia.doc.gov/blog/2019/american-broadband-iiiitiative-expand-comiectivity-
all-americans.
9 For additional information, please see: https://www.goviiTro.gov/coiiteiit/pkg/PLAW-1.1.3publ76/pdf/PLAW-1.1.3publ76.pdf.
17
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Under this strategy of state, local, and tribal partnerships, the Agency will continue to advance its
business processes, data management, and systems to reduce reporting burden on states and
regulated facilities, as well as improve the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental protection
programs for all partners. Currently, 50 state, 274 tribal, and six territorial partners qualify for EN
grants projects. In FY 2025, at the requested resource level, EPA anticipates awarding between 30
and 45 grants with 10 to 20 of these grants being awarded to tribes. The grant awards will assist
states, tribes, and territories in implementing activities that align with the three areas outlined in
the EN Solicitation Notice. These are:
Increased Data Access and Innovative Business Processes: These activities support the
partners' ability to share cross-state, cross-tribal, or state-tribal data. The emphasis is on
activities which create services and tools that make data available and sharable on-demand
through portals, web services, and application programming interfaces. EN partners are
encouraged to implement innovative approaches to collecting, publishing, and sharing data
that reduce costs associated with capturing data in the field while making it more accessible
to stakeholders.
Eliminate paper submittals and expand e-reporting: Grant projects will support developing
and implementing EN air, water, and land data flows that enable automated reporting to
EPA systems.
Augment the Information Management Capacity of EN Partners: Some existing and
potential tribal and territorial EN partners have limited experience with electronic data
collection and management. Tribal and territorial governments can use grants to conduct
coordinated efforts and leverage the EN services given their unique regulatory
responsibilities and data needs.
The "National Environmental Information Exchange Network Grant Program Solicitation Notice"
sets forth the process for awarding grant funding to states, tribes, and territories.10 It is an annual
guidance document that describes eligibility requirements, the process for application preparation
and submission, evaluation criteria, award administration information, and post-award monitoring
procedures.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$4,164.0) This program change proposes to increase the funding available for tribal &
territorial grant applicants to build capacity with funding assistance and mentoring. This
investment also supports Executive Order 13985: Advancing Racial Equality and Support
for Under served Communities through the Federal Government.
10 For additional information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/exchaiigenetwork/exchange-iietwork-grant-program.
18
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Statutory Authority:
This program is authorized by the Consolidated Appropriation Act, 2023 (PL 117-328).
19
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Categorical Grant: Lead
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical and Pesticide Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and 1'ribul Assistance (irants
S 15.501
S If, J2f,
S2-l.f,.W
SSJ/3
Total Budget Authority
$15,501
$16,326
$24,639
$8,313
Program Project Description:
Lead is highly toxic, especially to young children. Exposure to lead is associated with decreased
intelligence, stature, and growth, impaired neurobehavioral development, and impaired hearing
acuity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, no safe blood lead level in
children has been identified, and effects of lead exposure cannot be corrected.11'12 Reducing
exposure to lead-based paint (LBP) in old housing continues to offer the potential to significantly
decrease blood lead levels in the largest number of children. Housing units constructed before
1950 are most likely to contain LBP. The most recent national survey estimated that 34.6 million
homes in the U.S. have LBP, and 29 million homes have significant LBP hazards.13 Children living
at or below the poverty line who live in older housing are at greatest risk. Additionally, children
of some racial and ethnic groups and those living in older housing are disproportionately
affected.14 Accordingly, the Lead Categorical Grants Program and related Lead Risk Reduction
Program represent strategic opportunities to advance EPA's environmental justice (EJ) goals.
Because of the historic and persistent disproportional vulnerabilities to LBP of certain racial,
ethnic, and low-income communities, EPA's Lead Program has the potential to create significant
EJ gains. EPA's Lead Program contributes to the goal of reducing lead exposure and works toward
addressing historic and persistent disproportional vulnerabilities of certain racial, ethnic, and low-
income communities.15 This program will play an important role in achieving the Administration's
goals to enhance EJ and equity by:
11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Blood Lead Levels in Children, found at:
http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/blood-lead-levels.htm.
12 Among children ages 1 to 5 years in families with incomes below poverty level, the 95th percentile blood lead was 3.0 |ig/dL,
and among those in families at or above the poverty level, it was 2.1 |ig/dL, a difference that was statistically significant. The
95th percentile blood lead level among all children ages 1 to 5 years was 2.5 |ig/dL. The 95th percentile blood lead level in Black
non-Hispanic children ages 1 to 5 years was 3.0 |ig/dL, compared with 2.4 (ig/dL for White non-Hispanic children, 1.8 (ig/dL for
Mexican-American children, and 2.7 (ig/dL for children of "All Other Races/Ethnicities."12 The differences in 95th percentile
blood lead levels between race/ethnicity groups were all statistically significant, after accounting for differences by age, sex, and
income. See, America's Children and the Environment (EPA, 2019), found at:
https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment.
13 HUD. (2021), American Healthy Homes Survey II Lead Findings,
https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/HH/documents/AHHS_n_Lead Findings_Report_Final 29oct21.pdf.
14 See, America's Children and the Environment (EPA, 2019), found at: https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenvironment.
15 Childhood blood lead levels (BLL) have declined substantially since the 1970s, due largely to the phasing out of lead in
gasoline and to the reduction in the number of homes with lead-based paint hazards. The median concentration of lead in the
20
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Implementing standards governing lead hazard identification and abatement practices;
Identifying and providing access to a national pool of certified firms and individuals trained to
carry out lead hazard identification and abatement practices and/or renovation, repair, and
painting projects while adhering to the lead-safe work practice standards and minimizing lead
dust hazards created in such projects; and
Providing information and outreach to housing occupants and the public so they can make
informed decisions and take actions about lead hazards in their homes.
The Lead Categorical Grant Program contributes to the Lead Risk Reduction Program's goals by
providing support to authorized state and tribal programs that administer training and certification
programs for lead professionals and renovation contractors.16 Ensuring that those who undertake
LBP activities are properly trained and certified is a critical aspect of federal efforts to reduce lead
exposure and work towards addressing the historic and persistent disproportional vulnerabilities
of certain racial groups and low-income communities. Low-income, minority children are
disproportionally vulnerable to lead exposure. This program and others that focus on reducing
environmental lead levels, therefore, have the potential to create significant EJ gains.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 7/Objective 7.1, Ensure Chemical and Pesticide
Safety in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025 the Lead Categorical Grants Program will continue to provide assistance to states,
territories, the District of Columbia, and tribes to develop and to implement authorized lead-based
paint abatement programs and authorized Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) programs. EPA
directly implements these programs in all areas of the country that are not authorized to do so and
will continue to operate the Federal Lead-based Paint Program Database (FLPP) of trained and
certified lead-based paint professionals.17 Activities conducted as part of this Program include
accrediting training programs, certifying individuals and firms, and providing education and
compliance assistance to those subject to the abatement and RRP regulations and the public in
support of the Administration's goals to enhance EJ and advance racial equity.
As of June 2023, 39 states and territories, four tribes, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico
have been authorized to run the LBP abatement program. In addition, 15 states and one tribe are
authorized to administer the RRP program. As of June 2023, there were 280 accredited RRP
providers and almost 58,000 certified renovation firms. In FY 2025 EPA will continue providing
assistance to existing authorized state and tribal lead programs.
In FY 2025 EPA will continue to update and maintain the FLPP database. The database requires
continuous monitoring and updating to keep up with ever-changing system and security
requirements. This is extremely important because FLPP is where program data is stored and is
blood of children aged 1 to 5 years dropped from 15 micrograms per deciliter in 1976-1980 to 0.7 micrograms per deciliter in
2013-2014, a decrease of 95%. See, America's Children and the Environment (EPA, 2019), found at:
https://www.epa.gov/americaschildrenenviromnent.
16 Please visit http://www.epa.gov/lead for additional information.
17 Please visit https://cfpub.epa. gov/flpp/pub/index.cfm?do=main.firmSearch for additional information.
21
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used to process, evaluate, and take final action on all applications, updates, and notifications
submitted under the LBP training and certification programs.
As part of its implementation activities, EPA conducts outreach to the regulated community and
the public to increase the number of RRP-certified firms and demand for their services. EPA will
continue to expand its outreach efforts with the goal of increasing the number of renovations being
performed by trained and certified individuals and firms that follow lead-safe work practices
resulting in reduced exposure to lead. EPA will produce outreach materials and conduct trainings
in English and Spanish designed at reaching contractors and the public. The trainings will,
emphasize the critical role contractors play in preventing lead exposure during RRP activities and
the importance of using certified contractors for renovations. EPA's outreach will include older
homeowners, a fast-growing number of whom are renovating their homes for the purposes of aging
in place. This messaging will focus on the importance of hiring certified contractors when
renovating pre-1978 homes, for the safety of residents and of those who visit their homes,
including children.
The Agency will continue outreach efforts working with contractors and the public in underserved
communities through the Enhancing Lead-Safe Work Practices through Education and Outreach
(ELSWPEO) initiative. To improve outreach efforts in underserved communities, EPA will
continue to work directly with local environmental justice and public health organizations that are
well-positioned to raise awareness of lead safe work practices in underserved communities.
EPA's Strategic Plan includes a measure that tracks the percentage of expiring lead-based paint
firm certifications renewed before the expiration date. Federal law requires all RRP firms working
in housing, or facilities where children are routinely present, built before 1978, to be certified to
perform renovations or dust sampling. EPA helps the public find certified repair and renovation
firms through a directory at. Funding for this program helps ensure that people are able to access
firms qualified to mitigate or eliminate the risks posed by residential lead exposure. In FY 2022,
31 percent of firms eligible to renew their recertifications before the expiration date did so. In FY
2023, 31 percent of firms eligible to renew their recertifications before the expiration date.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Toxic Substances: Lead Risk
Reduction Program under the EPM appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$8,313.0) This program change supports additional assistance to states, territories, the
District of Columbia, and tribes to develop and to implement authorized lead-based paint
abatement programs and authorized Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) programs and
additional changes to fixed support costs.
Statutory Authority:
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), §§ 401-412.
22
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Categorical Grant: Multipurpose Grants
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Cross-Agency Mission and Science Support
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
,S/9i
SO
SI 0.200
SI 0.200
Total Budget Authority
S195
so
S10,200
S10,200
Program Project Description:
EPA and its partners have made enormous progress in protecting air, water, and land resources.
The Multipurpose Grants Program supports states, tribes, and territories in the implementation of
environmental programs, which are mandatory statutory duties delegated by EPA under pertinent
environmental laws. Recognizing that environmental challenges differ across tribes, states, and
territories, including climate change factors and environmental justice considerations, the Program
provides EPA's partners with flexibility to target funds to their highest priority efforts to protect
human health and the environment.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program provides Cross-Agency Mission and Science Support and is allocated across
strategic goals and objectives in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, these funds will support the President's and Administrator's priorities as well as
implementation of environmental programs delegated by EPA under pertinent environmental laws.
Tribes, states, and territories have the flexibility to apply the funds toward activities required in a
broad array of environmental statutes, depending on local needs and priorities. Results are tracked
as required by the Environmental Results Order and support critical work across multiple
environmental programs.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$10,200.0) This program increase provides EPA's states, tribes, and territories with
additional resources to target funds to their highest priorities and to address key
environmental challenges in their communities.
23
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Statutory Authority:
Indian Environmental General Assistance Program Act (GAP); Pollution Prevention Act (PPA);
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); Clean Air Act (CAA); Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA); National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); Clean Water Act
(CWA); Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA); Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA);
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); Marine
Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA); and Indoor Radon Abatement Act.
24
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Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Waterbodies and Watersheds
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance (irants
SI
SIS 2,000
Sltiti.WJ
Sfi.VVV
Total Budget Authority
$176,686
$182,000
$188,999
$6,999
Program Project Description:
The Nonpoint Source Section 319 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) broadly authorizes states,
territories, and 214 tribes (with approximately 220 tribes expected to be eligible under section 319
in Fiscal Year 2025) to use a range of tools to implement their Nonpoint Source Programs,
including: regulatory and non-regulatory programs, technical assistance, financial assistance,
education, training, technology transfers, and demonstration projects.18 Nonpoint source pollution,
caused by runoff that carries excess nutrients, pathogens, toxics, and other contaminants to
waterbodies, is the greatest threats to surface and groundwater quality impairments in the United
States and the primary cause of water quality problems in the nation; as of FY 2023, the number
of impaired waters is 150,736.19 Climate change is increasing this form of pollution by causing
more frequent and intense rain and storm events.
Grants under section 319 are a critical source of support to help states, territories, and tribes
implement their EPA-approved Nonpoint Source Management Programs. Implementation of
watershed-based plans help achieve load reductions contained in Total Maximum Daily Loads to
achieve water quality standards. In 2023, section 319 grants eliminated 5.87 million pounds of
nitrogen, 1.23 million pounds of phosphorus, and 623 thousand tons of sediment from waters.
Since 2006, the section 319 program has supported the restoration or improvement of over 12,500
miles of rivers and streams and over 230,000 acres of lakes and ponds (across over 1,100
waterbodies).20
The pervasiveness and widely distributed nature of nonpoint source pollution requires the
dedication and leveraging of resources and the use of program tools and authorities from a wide
range of stakeholders to address it, including EPA, other federal agencies, states, territories, tribes,
local governments, nonprofit organizations, conservation districts, and private landowners and
citizens. Section 319 project funds are highly leveraged. For each section 319 project dollar, state,
18 For more information, please visit: https://sam. gov/fal/7798fced 1.5e 1.4aa6bf9f"67d6d 1.0b95e0/view.
19 "Of the waterbodies across the Nation that have been assessed and a possible source of impairment identified, 85 percent of
rivers and streams and 80 percent of lakes and reservoirs are polluted by nonpoint sources." (USEPA, 2016)
https://www.epa.gov/siles/defimll/lile8Q016-1O/doeumenls/npsj>rogrffln highlights report-508.pdf.
20 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/nps/success.
25
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local, and federal partners contributed another eight dollars.21 Using section 319 funds to support
watershed scale implementation projects can facilitate leveraging other funding sources for
nonpoint source water quality restoration and protection. EPA works closely with and supports the
many efforts of states, interstate agencies, tribes, local governments and communities, watershed
groups, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Department of Homeland Security's
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal agencies to develop and
implement programs and local watershed projects to restore surface water and groundwater
nationwide. Section 319 grants also encourage states to leverage other EPA programs, including
the CWA State Revolving Loan Fund to support projects that reduce nonpoint source pollution.
To further accelerate the reduction of nonpoint source pollution, EPA and USDA continue to
coordinate to achieve improvements in water quality via the National Water Quality Initiative
(NWQI). The Initiative targets resources and helps landowners implement practices to control
nutrient, pathogen, and sediment pollution in more than 300 small watersheds nationwide. In FY
2023, USDA announced that the NWQI will be extended for five additional years.
As described in the Surface Water Protection Program Area, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency uses staff and extramural resources to oversee implementation of the program and
provides technical assistance to support state, territory and tribal nonpoint source management
programs.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.2, Protect and Restore Waterbodies and
Watersheds in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, the program will continue to work with and support states, territories, and tribes to
strengthen and enhance their NPS programs. Section 319 grants will continue to focus on
implementing watershed projects and maintaining current NPS Management Programs to restore
impaired waterbodies to meet water quality standards and protect healthy waters. In FY 2023, EPA
estimates that about 904 square miles of watersheds that were previously impaired due to excess
nutrients now meet water quality standards.
Achieving water quality results requires targeting the primary sources of nonpoint source pollution
in a watershed in the right places with the right practices. Watershed-based plans enable this
targeting by:
providing an analysis of sources and relative significance of pollutants of concern;
identifying cost-effective techniques to address those sources;
assessing the availability of needed resources, authorities, and community involvement to
affect change; and
enabling monitoring to evaluate NPS pollution and flows.
21 This estimate is based on reported information for waterbodies removed from a state's list of impaired waters due in part to
implementation of a §319 project in 2005-2016 and reported to EPA as a "success story."
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In FY 2025, the section 319 Program will build on efforts to ensure that the benefits of cleaner
water provided by the Program reach disadvantaged communities. In FY 2023 EPA set new
flexibilities and expectations for state actions to integrate equity within their Nonpoint Source
programs and implemented programmatic changes to better support tribal Nonpoint Source
programs. Revised section 319 grant guidelines incorporating climate change, equity and new
flexibilities and expectations will be finalized in FY 2024 and effective for FY 2025 grants.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PM SWP-01) Annual increase in square miles of watersheds with surface water meeting standards that
)reviously did not meet standards.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
8,000
8,000
17,100
7,900
Square
Miles
Actual
20,511
7,121
(PM SWP-02) Annual increase in square miles of watersheds with previously impaired surface waters due to
nutrients that now meet standards for nutrients.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
2,100
1,400
1,400
650
Square
Miles
Actual
12,833
904
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6,999.0) This increase of resources is for state, territory, and tribe NPS management
programs, including implementation of NPS projects and statewide NPS protection
activities.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act, section 319.
27
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Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance
Objective(s): Detect Violations and Promote Compliance
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and 1'ribul Assistance (irants
S2-1. ~0.i
S _\\5
-------
FY 2025, EPA will prioritize and award state and tribal pesticides cooperative agreements for
implementing the compliance monitoring and enforcement provisions of FIFRA.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) §23(a)(l); Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L. 117-328.
29
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Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment
Objective(s): Ensure Chemical and Pesticide Safety
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S/.W.V
S N.02~
S 14.02'
SO
Total Budget Authority
$13,958
$14,027
$14,027
$0
Program Project Description:
The purpose of EPA's Pesticide Program Implementation Grants Program is to translate pesticide
regulatory decisions made at the national level into results at the local level. Under the pesticide
statutes, responsibility for ensuring proper pesticide use is in large part delegated to states,
territories, and tribes. Grant resources allow EPA's co-regulators to be more effective regulatory
partners, serving all populations and enabling EPA's partners to prioritize incorporating
environmental justice (EJ) into their pesticide programs.
EPA's mission, as related to pesticides, is to protect human health and the environment from
pesticide risk and to realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social,
and environmental costs and benefits of pesticide use.25 The Agency provides grants to states,
tribes, and other partners, including universities, non-profit organizations, other federal agencies,
and environmental groups, to assist in strengthening and implementing EPA pesticide programs.
This grant program also focuses on EJ issues such as: worker safety activities, including protection
of farmworkers;26 outreach and education in tribal communities about pesticide risks; pesticide
safety education in vulnerable communities with limited English language proficiency; and
certification and training of pesticide applicators.27 The Program also focuses on protecting
endangered species,28 protecting water resources from pesticides, protecting pollinators, and
promoting environmental stewardship and Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-related activities in
community settings, such as preschools in vulnerable communities and tribal schools, which are
traditionally underserved and typically have EJ concerns.
EPA supports implementation of tribal pesticide programs through cooperative agreements that
help tribes protect human health by reducing pesticidal risks in tribal communities. Many tribal
communities are small and located in remote areas with few resources to address EJ issues. The
Program is implemented in a manner that recognizes that tribes have unique needs as an
25 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, as amended. Section 3(a), Requirement of Registration (7 U.S.C. 136a).
Available online at: https://www.epa.gov/kws-regulations/sumnrary-federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act.
26 A large portion of these stakeholders may also be members of communities with EJ concerns.
27 A large portion of these stakeholders may also be members of communities with EJ concerns.
28 The Endangered Species Act of 1973 sections 7(a)l and 7(a)2; Federal Agency Actions and Consultations, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1536(a)). Available at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) internet site:
https://www.fws.gov/service/section-7-consultations.
30
-------
underserved population, and that certain aspects of Native American lifestyles, such as subsistence
fishing or consumption of plants that were not grown as food and possibly exposed to pesticides,
may increase exposure to some chemicals or create unique chemical exposure scenarios.29 These
cooperative agreements with EPA's co-regulators also can provide pesticide safety education to
migrant farmworkers and their families and communities.
To further these efforts, EPA funds a multi-year cooperative agreement with Colorado State
University called the Pesticide Regulatory Education Program (PREP), which provides targeted
training to states, tribes, and territories. This program is specifically requested by EPA's pesticide
co-regulators and governed by a PREP Steering Committee, which includes the Association of
American Pesticide Control Officials (AAPCO) Board of Directors and EPA. The PREP Steering
Committee meets each fall to identify courses for the coming season and ways to be more inclusive
of vulnerable communities and address key EJ issues related to pesticide use and exposure.
The Agency also funds a multi-year grant in support of the State Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Issues Research and Evaluation Group (SFIREG). The grant ensures
the close coordination of states and EPA on pesticide issues.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 7 Objective 7.1, Ensure Chemical and Pesticide
Safety in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA will work with states, tribes, and territories to incorporate EJ principles into their
programs as much as possible. In FY 2025, EPA will continue to implement the following
programs:
Agricultural Worker Protection Standard and Certification and Training Program
Through the Certification and Training Program and the Agricultural Worker Protection Standard,
EPA protects workers, pesticide applicators and handlers, employers, and the public from the
potential risks of pesticides at their work. These efforts protect farmworkers, their families, and
their communities, all of which are often located in areas with many EJ concerns. EPA will
continue to provide assistance and grants to implement these programs, and to address their
respective federal regulatory changes. In FY 2020, states, territories, and tribes (certifying
authorities) submitted their revised certification plans to EPA for review to address the 2017
revisions to the Certification of Pesticide Applicators (CPA) rule. Since then, EPA reviewed the
proposed changes to the 68 certification plans, working with certifying authorities to refine and
modify their proposed plans as needed to comply with the CPA. Sixty-seven plans were finalized
and approved between FY 2022 and the first quarter of FY 2024, while one tribal program will
transition to the EPA Plan for Indian Country while they finalize their plan for EPA approval. In
FY 2025, EPA will focus on supporting and tracking the implementation of the approved plans.
Certifying authorities are to implement approved plans according to the timelines outlined in the
plans, including regulatory and program changes. In FY 2025, states, territories, and tribes will
29 For additional information, please visit: http://www.epa.gov/pesticide-advisory-committees-and-regulatory-partners/tribal-
pesticide-pro grams.
31
-------
continue to train their program and inspection staff on the 2015 final revisions to the Agricultural
Worker Protection Standard, as well as the 2024 revisions to the Application Exclusion Zone
provisions. They also will conduct outreach and compliance assistance for communities with
environmental justice concerns and enforce the rule.30
Endangered Species Protection Program
The Endangered Species Protection Program protects federally threatened and endangered animals
and plants impacted by pesticide use.31 The Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates that federal
actions will not jeopardize the continued existence of ESA-listed species or destroy or adversely
modify their designated critical habitat. EPA also will provide grants to states and tribes, as
described above, for projects supporting endangered species protection. Program implementation
includes outreach, communication, education related to pesticide use limitations, review, and
distribution of endangered species protection bulletins, evaluating potential risks to ESA-listed
species from pesticides, and initiating ESA consultation with the National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (aka "The Services") when
appropriate. In FY 2025, these activities will continue to support the Agency's mission to protect
the environment from pesticide risk and comply with the ESA for FIFRA actions.
Protection of Water Sources from Pesticide Exposure
Protecting the Nation's water sources from possible pesticide contamination is an important
component of EPA's environmental protection efforts. In FY 2025, EPA will continue to provide
funding, through cooperative agreements, to states, tribes, and other partners to investigate and
respond as needed to address pesticide contamination of water resources, particularly in vulnerable
communities with EJ concerns. Stakeholders and partners, including states and tribes, are expected
to identify pesticides of interest and pesticides of concern that could contaminate, and take steps
to prevent or reduce contamination where pesticide concentrations approach or exceed levels of
concern. In FY 2025, EPA will work with co-regulators to determine the best methods for
identifying and addressing possible pesticide contamination in vulnerable and underserved
communities.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
EPA will continue to support risk reduction by promoting the use of safer alternatives to traditional
chemical pesticides, including through IPM techniques.32 EPA supports the development and
evaluation of new pest management technologies that contribute to reducing both human health
and environmental risks from pesticide use. For FY 2025, the Program's National Program
Guidance will continue to require all regions to implement at least one IPM project with an EJ
focus.33 In addition, the Program will revise the FIFRA Cooperative Agreement Guidance to
identify the number of program area activities that include EJ work. Examples of this include
30 For additional information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/how-epa-protects-workers-pesticide-risk.
31 For additional information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/endangered-species/about-endangered-species-protection-
program.
32 For additional information, please visit: http://www.epa.gov/pesp/.
33 Most regional programs are already implementing their own EJ efforts, which incorporate pesticide safety.
32
-------
pollinator habitat protection on tribal lands and in overburdened and underserved communities,
and bed bug education in underserved populations and communities with EJ concerns.
The Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) is an EPA partnership program that
works with the Nation's pesticide-user community to promote IPM practices. PESP is guided by
the principle that partnership programs complement the standards and decisions established by
regulatory and registration actions. In FY 2025, resources will be focused on funding projects
across the country that promote IPM and reduce the impacts of pesticide use in agricultural
settings. Selected projects could address pesticide use in rural areas or on tribal lands, promoting
IPM practices that reduce risk and that benefit these and other overburdened and disadvantaged
communities.
Pollinator Health
EPA will continue to work with state and tribal agencies to develop and implement local plans to
help improve pollinator health. State pollinator protection plans in several states have been an
effective communication and collaboration mechanism between stakeholders at the local level that
can lead to reduced pesticide exposure and protection of honey bees, while maintaining the
flexibility needed by growers to use pesticides. EPA believes that these plans, developed through
a robust stakeholder engagement process at the local level, serve as good models for enhanced
local communication and can help accomplish the Agency's goal of mitigating exposure of bees
to acutely toxic pesticides. In FY 2025, EPA will continue to engage with the Tribal Pesticide
Program Council (TPPC) Pollinator Protection Workgroup to better understand specific pollinator
protection challenges for tribes, a traditionally underserved population with many EJ concerns.34
In addition, EPA regions will assist their states, tribes, and territories with their pollinator
protection plans and efforts as needed.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$10.0) This change to fixed and other costs is an increase due to the recalculation of
Working Capital Fund.
(-$10.0) This program change is a reduction to EPA's Pesticide Program Implementation
Grants Program that offsets the increase in fixed costs.
Statutory Authority:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) § 23(a)(1); Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA); Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996; Endangered Species Act
(ESA).
34 Tribal concerns include, but are not limited to, potential impacts to pollinator habitat from climate change.
33
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Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Waterbodies and Watersheds
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
.S 2-12.2'2
SJ.i -.1)1)1)
.S2XX. ~20
S 51.'21)
Total Budget Authority
$242,272
$237,000
$288,720
$51,720
Program Project Description:
Section 106 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) authorizes EPA to provide federal assistance to states,
territories, the District of Columbia, tribes, and interstate agencies to establish and maintain
adequate programs for the prevention and control of surface and groundwater pollution from point
and nonpoint sources.35 Activities supported through these grants include: conducting ambient
water quality monitoring; assessing and listing impaired waters; developing water quality
standards and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs); and issuing and enforcing National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.2, Protect and Restore Waterbodies and
Watersheds in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA's Section 106 Program funds will continue to support the base state, interstate,
and tribal water pollution control and is a critical funding source to establish, expand, and
implement water quality programs to protect and restore water resources, including rivers, streams,
lakes, wetlands, and groundwater. In FY 2025, EPA requests an increase of $9.3 million in grant
funding to support tribal programs. An estimated $6.8 million will support tribes as they continue
to build capacity for assuming and implementing CWA authorities including developing water
quality standards for submission for EPA approval and developing the requirements needed to
assume authority for the Listing and TMDL program. $2.4 million of the increase will support
tribes in implementing an Indian Country-specific National Aquatics Resources Survey.
The FY 2025 President's Budget also includes an increase of $42.4 million to support states,
interstate agencies, and tribes to advance environmental justice and community work through
identifying and taking actions to assess and mitigate PFAS in the environment. States, interstate
agencies, and tribes will use the CWA Section 106 funding to conduct monitoring and assessment
of PFAS in surface water, develop fish advisories, and revise state and tribal water quality
standards to include criteria for PFAS. The increase in funds also will support permitting
authorities that provide compliance assistance to Publicly Owned Treatment Works where PFAS
35 The District of Columbia is eligible for 106 funds. A tribe must be eligible under Section 518(e) in the CWA.
34
-------
are expected or suspected to be present in wastewater and stormwater discharges. Funding also
will support state and tribal efforts to understand and mitigate climate change and environmental
justice. States, interstate programs, and tribes will continue to restore lost capacity through hiring
and training of water quality staff, expanding program activities such as ambient water quality
monitoring and assessment, water quality standards (WQS) and TMDL implementation,
permitting and enforcement, and protecting water resources.
This FY 2025 increase includes an $8.0 million increase in funding for the Monitoring Initiative
to provide resources needed to continue and enhance state and tribal participation in the National
Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS), support expanded, long-term PFAS monitoring in fish tissue
across the country, and support enhancements to state and tribal monitoring and assessment
programs, including investigating cost-effective monitoring protocols for PFAS and other
emerging contaminants in fish tissue and other media.
Monitoring and Assessment
EPA is working with states and tribes to provide monitoring and assessment information to support
multiple CWA programs in a cost-efficient and effective manner. The result will be scientifically
defensible monitoring data that are needed to address priority problems at state, tribal, national,
and local levels.
In FY 2025, EPA will work with tribes to establish and implement an Indian Country-specific
NARS. By building on investments in tribal water monitoring programs, an Indian Country-
specific NARS will provide training and technical assistance to tribal participants, generate
information on status and trends across the broad population of waters in Indian Country, and
support investments in water quality protection and restoration. EPA will continue working with
states and tribes to support base monitoring activities and enhance their water quality monitoring
programs. Monitoring Initiative funds for states (including the District of Columbia and trust
territories), eligible interstate agencies, and eligible tribes will support enhancement of monitoring
programs and participation in the NARS.36 NARS are statistical surveys that assess the quality of
the Nation's waters. Using sampling sites selected at random and standardized field and lab
methods, NARS can compare results from different parts of the country and between years.37 The
Monitoring Initiative will support enhancements in NARS and in monitoring programs consistent
with priorities in monitoring strategies, which include expanding monitoring of PFAS in surface
waters and fish tissue to support actions to assess and mitigate PFAS in the environment. In FY
2025, the Monitoring Initiative will be funded at approximately $28.9 million.
Through the Monitoring and Assessment Partnership, EPA will continue working with states and
tribes to develop and apply monitoring tools and techniques to provide high-quality data to support
priority CWA program needs. EPA will continue working with states and tribes to support their
water quality assessment programs, including helping to assure timely and well-supported
submission of tribal assessment reports, state Integrated Reports, and 303(d) lists. These lists help
inform progress on restoring water quality. EPA will continue to work with states and tribes to
36 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/water-pollution-control-section-106-grants/monitoring-iiiitiative-
graiits-under-sectioii-106-cleaii.
37 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys.
35
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support electronic reporting, including annual reporting of water quality data through the Water
Quality Exchange and submission of Integrated Reports through the ATTAINS.
Reviewing and Updating Water Quality Standards
EPA will work with states and authorized tribes as they review and update their water quality
standards periodically as required by CWA and EPA regulations in 40 CFR Part 131. EPA will
work with tribes that want to establish water quality standards. EPA will review and work to
formally act upon all state and tribal submissions of new and revised water quality standards in
accordance with the Agency's statutory obligations and timeline. The Agency also will continue
to track progress by states and authorized tribes as they complete triennial reviews of applicable
standards on time as required by the CWA.
Developing TMDLs
EPA will work with states, territories, and authorized tribes to develop and implement TMDLs for
CWA Section 303(d) listed impaired waterbodies. TMDLs identify the sources of water pollutants.
EPA and states then use permit requirements, watershed plans, and nonpoint source funds and
programs, and other approaches to restore impaired waters. EPA will continue to work with states
to facilitate accurate, comprehensive, and geo-referenced water quality assessment decisions made
available to the public via ATTAINS. EPA continues to track state progress in completing TMDLs,
other restoration approaches, or protection approaches. In FY 2023, over 15,000 square miles of
state waters were addressed by a TMDL, other restoration approach, or protection approach.
Beginning in FY 2025, EPA will transition this measure to track a new universe consistent with
the new 2022-2032 Vision.
Issuing Permits
The NPDES program is managed by EPA and the states. On average, the program issues over 10
thousand permits a year to address discharges from among the approximately 15 thousand
wastewater treatment facilities, more than 60 categories of industries, and almost 300 thousand
stormwater facilities. The NPDES program requires point source dischargers of pollutants to
waters of the United States to be permitted and pretreatment programs be put in place to control
discharges from industrial and other facilities to the Nation's wastewater treatment plants. EPA is
working with the states to identify opportunities to enhance the integrity and timely issuance of
NPDES permits,38 while addressing contaminants of emerging concern such as PFAS. In
December 2022, EPA published a memorandum titled Addressing PFAS Discharges in NPDES
Permits and Through the Pretreatment Program and Monitoring Programs,39 which includes
detailed instructions regarding how permitting authorities would address PFAS discharges in
NPDES permits. EPA encourages permitting authorities to propose monitoring requirements at
facilities where PFAS are expected or suspected to be present in wastewater and stormwater
discharges, utilizing EPA's recently published analytical method 1633, which addresses 40 unique
PFAS.
38 Currently no tribes have authority to implement the NPDES program.
39 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-
12/NPDES PFAS State%20Memo December 2022.pdf.
36
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EPA also provides training and technical assistance to permit writers, promotes innovative green
infrastructure, and suggests integrated planning approaches to affordably address wet weather
challenges. In FY 2025, EPA will continue to collaborate with permit writers where appropriate
and identify environmental justice and climate change factors that could inform the development
of effective approaches within the authority of the NPDES program. After program improvements,
between March 2018 and the end of September 2023, the backlog of EPA-issued new and existing
NPDES permits decreased from 106 to 12 and 547 to 194, respectively. States are expected to
ensure that NPDES permits are reissued on a timely basis and include clear and enforceable
requirements to ensure permit quality. Permitting authorities should continue to implement
significant actions identified during regional reviews and Permit Quality Reviews to assure
effective management of the permit program and to adopt efficiencies to improve environmental
results.
Conducting Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement
EPA will work with NPDES-authorized states to implement the 2014 CWA NPDES Compliance
Monitoring Strategy (CMS).40 The NPDES CMS establishes national standards for allocation of
inspection resources across all NPDES regulated entities to best protect water quality.
EPA works with states on advanced technologies, such as remote water monitoring sensors, to
collect discharge data and identify problem areas more efficiently. The Smart Mobile Tools for
Field Inspectors software suite provides a digital platform to support inspectors and managers
through the entire inspection process - from scheduling an inspection to generating a draft
inspection report for management review. The Agency expects that these technologies will
improve the analytical capabilities of both EPA and the states and enhance the public's knowledge
about the quality of their environment.
Currently, EPA and states are implementing the NPDES Electronic Reporting Rule (eRule). States
have the option to build their own electronic reporting tools and data systems, or they can elect to
utilize EPA's tools and systems. EPA and states implemented Phase 1 of the NPDES eRule in for
the following two reports: 1) Discharge Monitoring Reports and 2) Federal Biosolids Annual
Report, where EPA is the regulatory authority. Over 35 thousand NPDES permittees in 27 states
as well as permittees in all tribal and territorial lands use EPA's electronic reporting tool, NetDMR,
to submit their Discharge Monitoring Reports. EPA and states are implementing Phase 2 of the
NPDES eRule for general permit reports and all remaining program reports. EPA will continue to
work collaboratively with states in FY 2025 to ensure a smooth transition to electronic reporting
for the NPDES program. Implementing the NPDES eRule will help improve transparency and
ensure permittees submit more accurate, timely, complete, and consistent information.
Working with Tribal Water Pollution Control Programs
In FY 2025, EPA will work with tribal programs to implement the revised CWA Section 106
Tribal Guidance. Tribes will continue to implement and expand their water pollution control
40 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/compliance/clean-water-act-national-pollutant-discharge-elimiiiation-
system-compliance-monitoring.
37
-------
programs by conducting activities that address water quality and pollution problems on tribal lands
pursuant to CWA Section 518(e). Additional funding in FY 2025 will support tribes with
Treatment in a similar manner as a State (TAS) for CWA Section 303(c) in developing water
quality standards for submission to EPA for approval. Funds also will support tribes that are
interested in assuming CWA authority under 303(d) TMDLs and listing of impaired waters
through development of assessment methodologies, providing assessment decisions to ATTAINS,
and implement an Indian Country-specific NARS. An Indian Country-specific NARS will provide
training and technical assistance to tribal participants, generate information on status and trends
across the broad population of waters in Indian Country, and support investments in water quality
protection and restoration. The FY 2025 increase in tribal funds will support expanding tribal
programs capacity to monitor surface waters and fish tissue, assess and develop criteria for PFAS,
and will support capacity to provide PFAS data and assessment decisions to Water Quality
Exchange and ATTAINS.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PM SWP-01) Annual increase in square miles of watersheds with surface water meeting standards that
previously did not meet standards.
FY
20IX
FY
201<)
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
8,000
8,000
17,100
7,900
Square
Miles
Actual
20,511
7,121
(PM SWP-02) Annual increase in square miles of watersheds with previously impaired surface waters due to
nutrients that now meet standards for nutrients.
FY
20IS
FY
201')
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
2.100
1,400
1,400
650
Square
Miles
Actual
12,833
904
(PM TMDL-03) Square miles of priority areas covered by TMDLs, other restoration plans, or protection
approaches.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
"',940
19,280
TBD
Square
Miles
Actual
15,432
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$9,280.0) This program change is an increase to provide grant funding to tribes to build
capacity and assume and implement CWA authorities, including developing water quality
standards for submission for EPA approval and developing the requirements needed to
assume authority for the Listing and TMDL program, and to establish and implement an
Indian Country-specific NARS.
(+$42,440.0) This program change is an increase to provide additional grant funding to
states and tribes to support actions to identify, assess, and mitigate PFAS in the
environment. This funding also supports the establishment and maintenance of programs
38
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for the prevention and control of surface and groundwater pollution from point and
nonpoint sources.
Statutory Authority:
CWA § 106.
39
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Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Safety of Chemicals for People and the Environment
Objective(s): Promote Pollution Prevention
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance (irants
S0.fiUN
.S-/.9"?
S.\ "55
SS2
Total Budget Authority
$6,804
$4,973
$5,755
$782
Program Project Description:
The Pollution Prevention (P2) Categorical Grants Program provides financial support to states,
state entities {i.e., colleges and universities), federally recognized tribes and inter-tribal consortia
in implementing the Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990.
The P2 Program is one of EPA's tools for advancing environmental stewardship and sustainability
for federal, state, tribal governments, businesses, communities, and individuals. The P2
Categorical Grants Program seeks to alleviate environmental problems by helping businesses with
the development and implementation of source reduction practices before pollution is created. As
a result of these preventive approaches, the P2 Program protects the environment by conserving
and protecting natural resources while strengthening economic growth through cost reductions and
increased market opportunities. P2 approaches include, but are not limited to, reducing or
eliminating hazardous releases to air, water, and land; the use of hazardous materials; the
generation of greenhouse gases; and the use of water. The P2 Program's efforts advance the
Agency's priorities to pursue sustainability; to act on climate change; to make a visible difference
in communities, including advancing environmental justice (EJ) in vulnerable communities; and
to ensure chemical safety.41
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 7/Objective 7.2, Promote Pollution Prevention in the
FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, the P2 Categorical Grants42 Program will continue supporting states, state entities,
federally recognized tribes, and inter-tribal consortia to provide technical assistance to businesses,
particularly small- and medium-sized firms, to help them identify, develop, and implement cost-
effective approaches for reducing or eliminating pollution at the source. Because it is often cheaper
to prevent pollution from being created at the source rather than cleaning it up afterwards or to pay
41 For additional information about EPA's P2 program, please visit: http://www.epa.gov/p2/Error! Main Document Only.,
42 For additional information about the grants themselves, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/p2/grant-programs-pollution-
prevention. Categorical Grants fund core P2 technical assistance and are complementary to the P2 Source Reduction Assistance
Grants. In FY 2021 there are 42 active P2 Categorical Grants and 11 active P2 Source Reduction Assistance Grants, for a total of
53 grants.
40
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for control, treatment, and disposal of waste products, P2 approaches often result in significant
long-term savings for businesses. Documenting best practices and developing case studies and
training materials are foundational assets for amplifying and replicating environmental
stewardship, P2, and sustainability successes resulting from the grant programs. These approaches
also may help stakeholders prepare for limitations in the use of Toxic Substance Control Act
(TSCA) High Priority Substances subject to risk management efforts by EPA. In addition to
regular P2 appropriations, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) (Public Law 117-58)
provides $20 million for this program in FY 2025.
Through competitive grants to states and tribes, U.S. businesses can access a range of P2-enabling
tools, information, and support programs. In the FY 2022-2023 grant cycle, EPA awarded 32
grants funded through regular P2 STAG appropriation and an additional 39 P2 grants funded
through the IIJA. Of the P2 grants awarded, six were awarded to federally recognized tribes. In
the FY 2023-2024 grant cycle, EPA awarded 24 grants funded through the IIJA for state and tribal
programs to provide P2 technical assistance to businesses to improve human health and the
environment in disadvantaged communities. The FY 2024-2025 grants will be funded through
ongoing P2 grants and IIJA appropriations.
With respect to the funding provided through regular ongoing and IIJA appropriations, the P2
Categorical Grant Program emphasizes the importance of grantees documenting, reporting, and
sharing information on P2 best practices. This allows other businesses to replicate the P2
approaches implemented through the grants. Furthermore, the expansion of the P2 grant program
provided by IIJA provides an opportunity to significantly increase the results described above and
increase the generation of information on P2 approaches that businesses can replicate.
In FY 2025, EPA will issue two new P2 grant opportunities that will initiate grantee work in FY
2026 and will continue to focus on advancing EJ priorities and addressing climate impacts by:
Focusing P2 technical assistance to businesses to improve human health and the
environment in vulnerable communities.
Providing P2 technical assistance to businesses to improve human health and the
environment in vulnerable communities by increasing the supply, demand and/or use of
safer and more sustainable products, such as those that are certified by EPA's Safer Choice
label or those that conform to EPA's Recommendations for Specifications, Standards and
Ecolabels for Federal Purchasing (EPA Recommendations).
The grant opportunities will result in increased capacity to provide P2 technical assistance to
businesses, particularly in vulnerable communities, and increased assistance to help businesses
develop and adopt source reduction practices in their operations, including conformance with and
access to EPA Recommended Standards and Ecolabels and the EPA Safer Choice Standard.
Between 2011 and 2022, the EPA's P2 Program issued 549 assistance grants for $65.1 million,
which helped American businesses identify, develop, and adopt approaches resulting in the
following benefits: 1 billion pounds of hazardous materials reduced, 52 billion gallons of water
saved, 20.8 million metric tons of greenhouse gases reduced, and $2.7 billion dollars in savings
for business.43
43 Calculated over a 4-year rolling period to account for the reoccurring benefits the P2 actions provide.
41
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One approach EPA takes to pursue program efficiencies and economies of scale is to use sector
focused P2 National Emphasis Areas (NEAs). For P2 grants awarded in FY 2024 and commenced
in FY 2025, grant applicants will continue to be required to focus on one or more National
Emphasis Areas,44 which will be selected based on an analysis of data to identify industry sectors
that had high environmental impact, high economic importance, and high P2 opportunity; pursued
opportunities to promote environmental justice; addressed climate change; and were of local
concern to potential grantees.
The environmental results of the P2 technical assistance program are numerous and varied. EPA's
strategic plan focuses on the impacts on the reduction of million metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (MMTCChe) released attributed to EPA P2 grants. MMTCChe is calculated by using
an online tool to convert standard metrics for electricity, green energy, fuel use, chemical
substitutions, water management, and materials management into MMTCChe.45 Providing needed
resources for the P2 technical assistance program is an important part of the Agency's efforts to
mitigate the effects of climate change.
The MMTCChe measure tracks carbon dioxide reductions from all Pollution Prevention Grant
Program activities. Annual results are the total reported by grantees in a single year plus the
contributions from the previous three years. This method accounts for recurring benefits of a
pollution prevention action, not just in the year it was implemented, but also in future years.
Pollution prevention grants are two-year grants with an optional third year for follow-up reporting
and case study development. These grants have annual reporting but with a one-year reporting lag
due to the grant reporting cycle. This measure also is used to track progress in implementing the
IIJA.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Pollution Prevention Program under
the EPM appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$782.0) This program change supports technical assistance to businesses to improve
human health and the environment in underserved communities by increasing the supply,
demand and/or use of safer and more sustainable products.
Statutory Authority:
Pollution Prevention Act of 1990; Toxic Substances Control Act.
44 The P2 National Emphasis Areas include automobile manufacturing and maintenance, aerospace manufacturing and
maintenance, chemical manufacturing and processing, metal manufacturing and fabrication, food and beverage manufacturing or
processing, and/or supporting pollution prevention in Indian Country and for Alaska Native Villages.
45 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/p2/pollution-prevention-tools-and-calculators.
42
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Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
1
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Total Budget Authority
$123,137
$121,500
$132,566
$11,066
Program Project Description:
The Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program provides grants to states and tribes with
primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and enforce the National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations (NPDWRs) under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The NPDWRs set
forth health-based standards, monitoring, reporting, sanitary surveys, and enforcement elements
to ensure that the Nation's drinking water supplies do not pose health risks. Funds allocated to
states and tribes without primacy are used to support direct implementation activities by EPA.
PWSS Program grants support the safety of the Nation's drinking water resources and protect
public health and the environment. Rural, small, and disadvantaged communities significantly
benefit from support and technical assistance provided by primacy agencies through this vital
funding. These systems often struggle to hire and retain qualified operators. Qualified operators
are essential to ensure these systems can provide safe water for their customers. PWSS Program
grants support the training and certification operators needed to continue to protect public health.
Primacy agencies use these grants to fund drinking water program personnel who:
Provide training and technical assistance to owners and operators of public water systems;
Conduct sanitary surveys {i.e., reviews to determine and support a utility's capacity to
deliver safe drinking water) and address significant deficiencies that may compromise the
quality of the finished water;
Train and certify public water system operators;
Manage public water system data, facilitate electronic reporting of compliance monitoring
data, and submit compliance data to the database of record, the Safe Drinking Water
Information System;
Ensure that public water systems conduct the required public notifications to consumers;
and
Respond to violations and issue enforcement actions.
43
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The Program also will support the Agency's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)
implementation priorities.
In FY 2025, EPA will provide funds to support state efforts to assist the most vulnerable water
systems in:
Meeting drinking water regulations;
Accessing federal funding, including funding through IIJA, to support water system
compliance and capacity development;
Implementing the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions and Improvements, including providing
guidance and technical assistance for states and systems to conduct lead service line
inventories, replace lead service lines, and access IIJA funds;
Implementing the new PFAS Rule, including providing guidance and technical assistance
to states and systems and supporting access to IIJA funds;
Providing direct implementation support to Tribal water systems and collaborating with
the Indian Health Service and other federal partners to assist water systems;
Building the financial and managerial capacity needed to achieve and maintain long-term
sustainability and compliance with national safe drinking water regulations, with a focus on
helping disadvantaged communities conduct the analyses and documentation needed to
identify solutions and take action; and
Benefitting from federal investments that address aging or inadequate infrastructure (e.g., pipe
replacement to prevent failures in distribution systems, installation of treatment to remove
drinking water contaminants).
EPA's efforts under this program will help deliver clean drinking water, improve public health,
and support environmental justice for overburdened and underserved communities, including rural
and tribal communities.
In FY 2025, funding will help states and tribes with primary enforcement authority implement and
enforce NPDWRs under SDWA. Funds allocated to states and tribes without primacy are used to
support direct implementation activities by EPA. These funds will assist all communities across
the country in the provision of safe drinking water.
EPA's PWSS Program is working with states to reduce the number of systems that have health-
based non-compliance events, with a goal of decreasing the number of community water systems
out of compliance with health-based standards. As of September 30, 2023, 3,042 of the 3,508
systems with health-based violations on September 30, 2017, have been returned to compliance
(i.e., 466 systems are still in violation). The PWSS Program helps to facilitate this effort by
supporting state drinking water programs and technical assistance providers in achieving and
maintaining compliance at drinking water systems, amplifying best practices, strengthening state
capacity, and certifying drinking water operators.
44
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EPA also is strengthening its oversight of the state drinking water programs by continuing to
improve the scope and consistency of the annual PWSS Program review for each primacy agency
that is required by SDWA. Information from these reviews helps ensure that federal drinking water
regulations are implemented consistently across the country and reinforces agency evidence-
building activities. The review includes an analysis of the completion of sanitary surveys by the
primacy agency, an evaluation of whether the primacy agency is implementing the state program
in accordance with SDWA, a review of state use of the funds and associated impacts, and
alignment of the program with national enforcement and compliance priorities. The annual
program review directly supports the work of the states and EPA to reduce the number of
community water systems out of compliance with health-based standards. In addition, EPA
conducts periodic file reviews of state programs. These file reviews help EPA ensure states are
accurately reporting compliance information to the Agency so issues can be identified and
addressed.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PM DW-02) Number of community water systems still in noncompliance with health-based standards since
March 31,2021.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
875
640
450
425
400
CWSs
Actual
1,718
1,128
1,048
654
537
466
(PM DW-07) Number of drinking water and wastewater systems, tribal and state officials, and water sector
partners provided with security, emergency preparedness, and climate resilience training and technical
assistance.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
2,000
3,500
4,500
4,500
Systems
and
Partners
Actual
3,939
3,895
(PM DWT-02) Number of community water systems in Indian Country still in noncompliance with health-
based standards since March 31,2021.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
mo
55
35
30
CWSs
Actual
74
54
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$22.0) This net change to fixed and other costs is a decrease due to the recalculation of
base workforce costs for existing FTE, adjustments to provide essential workforce support,
and changes to benefit costs.
(+$11,088.0) This increase of resources supports grant funding to help states and tribes
with primary enforcement authority to implement and enforce NPDWRs under the SDWA.
In addition, this increase supports states, territories, and tribes in complying with drinking
45
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water regulations, conducting sanitary surveys of public water systems, and providing
technical assistance to managers and operators of public water systems.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA § 1443.
46
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Categorical Grant: Radon
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Objective(s): Reduce Exposure to Radiation and Improve Indoor Air
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
.SiS, V5H
S W.W5
S I.-I12
Total Budget Authority
$8,958
$10,995
$12,487
$1,492
Program Project Description:
Title III of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) authorizes EPA to take a variety of actions
to address the public health risks posed by exposures to indoor radon. Under the statute, EPA
assists states and tribes through the State Indoor Radon Grants (SIRG) program, which provides
categorical grants to develop, implement, and enhance programs that assess and mitigate radon
risk. EPA provides guidance to states and tribes to promote and spread effective strategies for
reducing indoor radon public health risks. EPA also works with states and tribes to support
targeting SIRG funding to reduce risks for low-income populations that lack resources to mitigate
radon risk on their own.
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States - and the leading cause of
lung cancer mortality among non-smokers - accounting for about 21,000 deaths per year.46 EPA's
non-regulatory Indoor Air - Radon Program, which includes the SIRG Program, promotes actions
to reduce the public's health risk from indoor radon. EPA and the Surgeon General recommend
that all homes be tested for radon and if radon levels above EPA's guidelines are confirmed,
elevated levels should be reduced by home mitigation using proven, straightforward techniques.
EPA also recommends that new homes be built using radon-resistant features in areas where there
is elevated radon. Nationally, risks from radon have been reduced in millions of homes, but there
are millions more still in need of mitigation. Additionally, low-income families and tribal
communities lack access to resources to address radon. This voluntary program promotes
partnerships between national organizations, the private sector, and more than 50 state, local,
tribal, and territory governmental programs to reduce radon risk.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 4/Objective 4.2, Reduce Exposure to Radiation and
Improve Indoor Air in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
EPA will administer the SIRG Program in collaboration with state and tribal partners. Work in this
program directly supports the President's priority of advancing environmental justice. In
implementing the SIRG Program in FY 2025, EPA will work with states and tribes to build
46 For more information, please see: https:/Avww.epa.gov/radon.
47
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capacity and address environmental justice concerns by assisting grant recipients to address radon
risk reduction in underserved, low-income communities, for example through building code
adoption. These interventions serve to institutionalize and embed risk reduction into standard
building practices and thus provide equity for underserved communities.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,492.0) This program change is an increase to support state and tribal partners through
the radon grants program.
Statutory Authority:
Title III of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
48
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Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality and Reduce Localized Pollution and Health Impacts
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S2-I0JJ0
.S 2-IV.O.W
s-innjos
S 151.160
Total Budget Authority
$246,130
$249,038
$400,198
$151,160
Program Project Description:
This Program provides funding for state air programs, as implemented by state, multi-state, and
local air agencies. Section 103 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) provides EPA with the authority to
award grants to air pollution control agencies, other public or nonprofit private agencies,
institutions, and organizations, to conduct and promote certain types of research, investigations,
experiments, demonstrations, surveys, studies, and training related to air pollution. Section 105 of
the CAA provides EPA with the authority to award grants to state and local air pollution control
agencies to develop and implement continuing environmental and public health programs for the
prevention and control of air pollution, implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and improvement of visibility in our national parks and wilderness areas (Class I areas).
The continuing activities funded under Section 105 include: analysis and planning for attainment
and maintenance of NAAQS; emissions reduction measures; development and operation of air
quality monitoring networks, and other air program activities. Section 106 of the CAA provides
EPA with the authority to fund interstate air pollution transport commissions to develop or carry
out plans for designated air quality control regions.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 4/Objective 4.1, Improve Air Quality and Reduce
Localized Pollution and Health Impacts in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funding requested for FY 2025 includes an additional $151 million that will help expand the
efforts of air pollution control agencies to implement their programs and help accelerate immediate
on-the-ground efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, such as expanding deployment of renewable
energy sources and energy efficiency programs; ensuring safe and effective oil and gas well
pollution management and prevention; developing policies and programs to facilitate build-out of
electric vehicle (EV) charging station infrastructure; increasing air quality monitoring in
communities with environmental justice (EJ) concerns; and supporting programs to improve
transportation options and reduce disproportionate exposure to traffic emissions in disadvantaged
communities. The increase also will enhance the resiliency, capacity, and capability of air
monitoring systems for NAAQS and local-scale monitoring.
49
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States are responsible for State Implementation Plans (SIPs), which provide a blueprint for the
programs and activities that states carry out to attain and maintain the NAAQS and comply with
visibility improvement obligations. In FY 2025, states will be developing infrastructure SIPs for
the 2024 particulate matter (PM2.5) NAAQS. Infrastructure SIPs for this revised NAAQS will be
due three years from promulgation of the NAAQS. In FY 2025, SIP activity will be ongoing
regarding attainment SIPs for areas reclassified to "Moderate" for the 2015 ozone NAAQS and
those reclassified to "Severe" for the 2008 ozone NAAQS in FY 2023, and for areas reclassified
to "Serious" for the 2015 ozone NAAQS in FY 2025. States also will continue implementing the
2008 and 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS, the 2008 lead NAAQS, the 2010 1-hour nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) NAAQS, and the 2010 1-hour sulfur dioxide (SO2) NAAQS. As applicable, states also will
continue implementing the previous PM2.5 and ozone NAAQS, including the 1997 annual and 24-
hour PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, the 2012 annual PM2.5 NAAQS, the
revoked 1997 8-hour ozone NAAQS, and the revoked 1-hour ozone NAAQS.
States and EPA also may have ongoing SIP obligations and/or Federal Implementation Plan (FIP)
obligations associated with visibility improvement requirements, among other requirements
identified in the CAA. In FY 2025, EPA will work with states to prioritize activities needed to
meet obligations for SIP development and plan implementation for attaining and maintaining the
NAAQS, achieving regional haze goals and identifying streamlining options. EPA will maximize
use of its web-based State Planning Electronic Collaboration System (SPeCS) to review draft SIPs
from state air agencies, and to track and process state submittals.
To the extent that any ongoing NAAQS reviews result in a change to the standards, activities
related to air quality designations for the changed standard(s) would be required, as well as any
additional implementation related activities. In addition to other implementation activities
triggered from promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, in FY 2025, EPA will be working on
initial area designations for the 2024 PM2.5 NAAQS, in which EPA will identify those areas of the
country that meet the new standard and those that violate or contribute to a violation of the new
standard. As part of the designations process for a new/revised PM NAAQS, one year from
promulgation of the NAAQS, state Governors and tribes, if they wish, will submit
recommendations for area designations to EPA. EPA will evaluate these recommendations,
provide notifications of any potential modifications to these recommendations, and then complete
the initial designations process within two years of promulgation of the new/revised PM NAAQS.
If there are other outstanding designations actions pending, EPA expects to also be taking action
on those (e.g., resulting from court decisions resolving litigation on prior area designations).
Additionally, EPA may be engaged in redesignation actions - making determinations that
nonattainment areas may now be redesignated to attainment, or that currently designated
attainment areas are no longer meeting the NAAQS and taking action to redesignate, as
appropriate.
Air Monitoring Networks
The Nation's ambient air quality monitoring network, an essential element of the Agency's
environmental infrastructure, serves as the foundation for the air quality management and control
programs. States will continue to operate and maintain their ambient air monitoring networks with
technical assistance and program support from EPA. A significant and essential part of a state's
50
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overall air program includes the collection, analysis, quality assurance, and submittal of ambient
air quality data.
In FY 2025, EPA will continue to lead and is requesting additional funding for a nationwide effort
to ensure and enhance the resiliency, capacity, and capability of air monitoring systems for
NAAQS and local-scale monitoring implemented by state, local, and tribal organizations through
system modernization (e.g., infrastructure improvements and enhanced network automation);
expanded functionality (e.g., increased use of continuous monitoring equipment); and local-scale
monitoring to characterize air toxics and better address air quality burdens in communities with EJ
concerns.
Key to the success of these efforts will be close, meaningful collaboration with our state, local and
tribal air partners, as well as disadvantaged and overburdened communities. The COVID-19
pandemic exposed the vulnerabilities of our aging monitoring infrastructure and the need for
modernization in the Nation's ambient air monitoring network. In addition, the Government
Accountability Office identified in a 2020 report the need for EPA to develop an air quality
monitoring modernization plan to better meet the additional information needs of air quality
managers, researchers, and the public. EPA will continue to work closely with our partners to
address the GAO recommendations.
Air Permitting Programs
In FY 2025, states with approved or delegated air permitting programs will implement these
programs and EPA will provide technical assistance, as needed.
Emissions Inventories
The development of a complete quality assured emission inventory is an important step in an air
quality management process. These inventories are used to help determine significant sources of
air pollutants and establish emission trends over time, target regulatory actions, and estimate air
quality through dispersion and photochemical modeling. An emission inventory includes estimates
of the emissions from various pollution sources in a specific geographical area. In FY 2025, EPA
will complete and release the 2022 emissions data for modeling and prepare the 2023 emissions
data for modeling. In FY 2025, states will collect and prepare 2023 emissions data in anticipation
of submitting it to EPA for the next release of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). EPA plans
to release the 2023 NEI early in calendar year 2026.
Air Quality Forecasts
The Program supports state, local and tribal air agency capabilities to forecast air quality for
providing the public with information they can use to make daily lifestyle decisions to protect their
health. This information allows people to take precautionary measures to avoid or limit their
exposure to unhealthy levels of air quality, including during extreme events like the 2023 Canadian
wildfires that created hazardous air quality for millions of people. EPA will work with state, tribal,
and local air quality agencies to continue improving the AirNow Forecast Submittal System where
air quality forecasts are delivered to the AirNow system, as well as the Fire and Smoke Map at
fire.airnow.gov that provides important air quality information during wildfire season.
State and Local Air Toxics Efforts
The Program also supports state and local efforts to characterize air toxics problems and take
51
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measures to reduce health risks from air toxics. This funding also supports characterization work
that includes collection and analysis of emissions data and monitoring of ambient air toxics. In FY
2025, funds will support the National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS), consisting of 26 air
toxics monitoring sites, including the associated quality assurance, data analysis, and methods
support.
Visibility Improvement
In FY 2025, EPA will be engaged in reviewing draft and final state plans intended to meet the
requirements of the regional haze program for the second planning period, as well as developing
FIPs, if needed and as appropriate. EPA also may be continuing to finalize remaining first planning
period obligations. EPA will review regional haze SIPs for the second planning period to ensure
that states are making reasonable progress towards their visibility improvement goals, consistent
with statutory and regulatory obligations. The first state plans for improving visibility in our
national parks and wilderness areas were due in December 2007. Under the Regional Haze Rule,
states were required to submit plans for the second planning period on July 31, 2021, to
demonstrate how they have and will continue to make progress towards achieving their visibility
improvement goals. EPA also has indicated its intent to engage in regulatory updates to the
Regional Haze Rule to identify obligations for future planning periods.
Air Quality Training
To fulfill statutory obligations under section 103 of the Clean Air Act in FY 2025, states and multi-
jurisdictional organizations will advance and maintain training priorities for air quality-related
subjects; develop new and update existing air quality-related training materials; and provide
classroom and other types of training for air quality professionals. These training programs are
essential for building and maintaining expertise and administrative capacity among our co-
regulator agencies, enabling them to continue playing a vibrant role in administering CAA
protections and programs. EPA's AirKnowledge program manages funds to deliver training to
staff of state and local air agencies. In FY 2023, this program delivered 80 instructor-led trainings
reaching over 1,600 students. This complements the AirKnowledge EPA funded effort to provide
trainings that delivered roughly 15,000 self-instructional trainings through the AirKnowledge
Learning Management System in FY 2023.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management under the EPM appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$ 151,160.0) This program change is an increase in grant resources that will help expand
the efforts of air pollution control agencies across the country to implement their programs
and accelerate on-the-ground efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. The increase also will
support enhancing the resiliency, capacity, and capability of air monitoring systems for
NAAQS and local-scale monitoring and will support additional air quality monitoring in
underserved communities suffering from disproportionate exposure to traffic emissions.
52
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This increase will directly expand the capacity of EPA partners to carry out air quality
monitoring and management.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Air Act §§ 103, 105, 106.
53
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Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Enforce Environmental Laws and Ensure Compliance
Objective(s): Detect Violations and Promote Compliance
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S 5.005
S 5.010
S/,,SV|-
Total Budget Authority
$5,005
$5,010
$6,877
$1,867
Program Project Description:
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Compliance Monitoring Program builds partnerships
with states, tribes, and territories to strengthen their ability to address environmental and public
health threats from toxic substances.47 This assistance is used to prevent or eliminate unreasonable
risks to human health or the environment and to ensure compliance with toxic substance
regulations. The grants support inspection programs associated with lead-based paint [§402(a),
§406(b), the Renovation, Repair, and Painting Rule §402(c), the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)].
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 3/Objective 3.2, Detect Violations and Promote
Compliance in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA will continue to focus on compliance monitoring programs to prevent or
eliminate unreasonable risks to health or the environment associated with chemical substances
such as asbestos, lead-based paint, and PCBs. The Agency encourages states to establish their own
compliance and enforcement programs for lead-based paint and asbestos. EPA may provide
funding for compliance monitoring grants to states and tribes under TSCA to conduct inspections
to ensure compliance with the Asbestos-in-Schools requirements, the Model Accreditation Plan
(MAP), the Asbestos Ban and Phase Out Rule, the TSCA Asbestos Worker Protection Rule, lead-
based paint regulations, and PCB regulations.
For states with an asbestos waiver or lead-based paint programs, these grants help fund
enforcement activities. In FY 2025, the Program will continue to award state and tribal assistance
grants to aid in the implementation of compliance and enforcement provisions under TSCA. The
weighted formula aligns the distribution of funding with the national program priorities including
reducing risks from: 1) lead poisoning or elevated blood-lead levels; 2) exposure to asbestos; and
3) exposure to PCBs. The assistance grants will help rebuild programmatic capabilities between
47 For additional information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/compliance/toxic-substances-compliance-monitoring-grant-
guidance-fiscal-year-2022.
54
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EPA, states, tribes, and partner agencies to help address Environmental Justice (EJ) concerns in
overburdened or vulnerable communities.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,867.0) This program change provides states, tribes, and territories additional funding
to prevent or reduce risks from exposure to toxic substances such as lead-based paint,
asbestos, and PCBs.
Statutory Authority:
Toxic Substances Control Act.
55
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Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality and Reduce Localized Pollution and Health Impacts
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S 10.020
S I0.-/I5
S 23.120
SO.-11
Total Budget Authority
$16,620
$16,415
$23,126
$6,711
Program Project Description:
American Indians and Alaskan Natives are disproportionately affected by air pollution and climate
change. They have a higher rate of asthma, diabetes, heart disease, and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) than the general population. Wildfire season has consistently
intensified over the past few years due to climate change and extreme weather conditions, which
have led to an increase in ambient and indoor air pollution and exacerbated the health of tribal
communities. Across the Nation, tribal air issues vary from permitting sources on-reservation, to
monitoring for criteria air pollutants, to participating in local, state, regional, and national air
quality work groups. In addition to performing emissions inventories and monitoring, other
program tasks include addressing indoor air quality issues; implementing voluntary programs and
education outreach efforts; and reviewing and commenting on federal air quality rules, policy, and
permits issued by other agencies.
This Program includes funding for tribes and tribal air pollution control agencies implementing
projects and programs to address air pollution issues in Indian Country. Using Section 105
authority of the Clean Air Act (CAA), tribal agencies may develop and implement programs for
the prevention and control of air pollution and implementation of primary and secondary National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Using Section 103 authority of the CAA, tribal
agencies, colleges, universities, and multi-tribe jurisdictional air pollution control agencies may
conduct and promote research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, surveys, studies, and
training related to ambient or indoor air pollution in Indian Country. EPA provides technical
assistance and resources to help tribes build their program capacity and ensure successful project
completion. Tribes use these resources to perform emissions inventories, monitor air quality and
implement regulatory, voluntary, and education and outreach programs for their citizens, who are
among the most environmentally at-risk populations in the country. Currently, out of 574 Federally
recognized tribes, 55 tribes have Section 105 grants, and 74 tribes have Section 103 grants. In FY
2025, the Program may include preparations for any new emissions reporting requirements
associated with the final revisions to the Air Emissions Reporting Requirements (AERR) rule.
56
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 4/Objective 4.1, Improve Air Quality and Reduce
Localized Pollution and Health Impacts in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Tribes will assess environmental and public health conditions in Indian Country by developing
emission inventories and, where appropriate, siting and operating air quality monitors. Tribes will
continue to develop and implement air pollution control programs for Indian Country to prevent
and address air quality concerns, including combating the effects of climate change. EPA will
continue to fund organizations for the purpose of providing technical support, tools, and training
for tribes to build capacity to develop and implement programs. EPA training could include
educating owners/operators on how to report emissions, starting as soon as 2026 depending on the
final revisions to the AERR.
Currently, there are 574 federally recognized tribes.48 Of those, 71 tribes have treatment similar to
that of a state or treatment as a state regarding implementing functions pertaining to the
management and protection of air resources within reservation boundaries or other areas under the
tribe's jurisdiction. In addition, EPA awards financial support under the CAA to help build tribal
knowledge and increase tribes' capacity to manage air quality issues and encourages tribes to
partner with EPA to carry out CAA protections within tribal lands and tribal communities,
including those that have environmental justice (EJ) concerns.
In FY 2025, a key activity is to work to reduce the number of days in violation of the NAAQS.
This program supports the Agency's priority of building stronger partnerships with individual
tribes and with the National Tribal Air Association, whose priorities include tribes' participation
in the Agency's policy and rule development and the Tribal Air Monitoring Support (TAMS)
Center. The TAMS Center provides professional assistance to support the tribes' ability to collect
and provide monitoring data to protect the health of their tribal members and conducts training for
tribal environmental professionals to implement their broader air quality program. EPA's
AirKnowledge Learning Management System provides training to tribal environmental
professionals. EPA will continue working with tribes on tribal involvement in air quality issues,
such as increasing the number of tribes with an up-to-date emissions inventory, increasing the
number of tribes implementing voluntary programs, and increasing the number of tribes moving
from project grants to program implementation grants. This will increase tribes' knowledge and
ability to best protect their citizens. Tribes also will focus on implementation of nonregulatory and
voluntary programs, as well as education and outreach programs. These will assist with pollution
reduction while creating a more informed citizenry.
The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) has enhanced tribal monitoring capacity
by supporting eight sites on tribal lands and training site operators. In FY 2025, the Agency will
continue progress toward increasing monitoring capacity by working to identify new tribal partners
that would benefit from joining a national air monitoring program. CASTNET monitors provide
near real-time air quality data and the ability to assess ecological impacts from atmospheric
deposition of air pollutants.
48 Source: Department of Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs (www.bia.gov).
57
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The funding for FY 2025 will support these important programs that tribes are focused on for the
health of their people. Tribal air quality programs are an important part of the Nation's overall air
quality efforts and help to accelerate immediate on-the-ground efforts to reduce greenhouse gases,
such as: expanding deployment of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency programs into
Indian Country; ensuring safe and effective oil and gas well pollution management and prevention;
developing policies and programs to facilitate build-out of electric vehicle (EV) charging station
infrastructure; increasing air quality monitoring in areas with vulnerable populations; and
supporting programs to improve transportation options and reduce disproportionate exposure to
traffic emissions in disadvantaged communities. In addition, some tribes may wish to be more
involved with the Combined Air Emissions Reporting System (CAERS) in anticipation of the
revised AERR, and some tribes also are owners/operators of facilities that would need to report
under the proposed AERR, if finalized.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Federal Support for Air Quality
Management Program under the EPM appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6,711.0) This program change is an increase to help expand the efforts of tribes and
tribal air quality control agencies to implement their programs and to accelerate immediate
on-the-ground efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. The increase also will support additional
air quality monitoring.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Air Act §§ 103, 105.
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Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights
Objective(s): Promote Environmental Justice and Civil Rights at the Federal, Tribal, State and
Local Levels
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S ~4. ~50
ss.\oo
-------
Cooperative Agreements (DITCAs). As of FY 2024, there are 14 active DITCAs supporting EPA's
direct implementation activities. Furthermore, GAP funds have helped to train tribal government
inspectors who are able to conduct compliance monitoring activities under tribal laws and may
have EPA federal inspector credentials. In addition, GAP also supports tribes with the development
of their waste management programs, with nearly 300 tribes having Integrated Waste Management
Plans, and 11 tribes have developed codes and ordinances since FY 2018 with GAP-funded
training.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 2/Objective 2.1 Promote Environmental Justice and
Civil Rights at the Federal, Tribal, State, and Local Levels in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic
Plan.
GAP grants are fundamental to the development and growth of tribal environmental programs.
GAP promotes tribal self-governance in a number of ways, including supporting tribal
governments to assess local environmental conditions, develop long-range strategic plans to
address their environmental challenges, and establish environmental programs tailored to their
needs and aligned with their strategic planning goals. The overlap between tribal environmental
capacity building goals and EPA program priorities, including the mutual responsibilities to
achieve them, are captured in EPA / Tribal Environmental Plans, or ETEPs.
In FY 2025, the Agency will continue to implement GAP under a national framework set forth in
new program guidance and maintain an emphasis on training (internal and external) to support
nationally consistent GAP guidance interpretation and implementation. In supporting a strong
GAP management framework (as referenced under Tribal Capacity Program), EPA will continue
to establish and refine tools to track the progress tribes achieve toward developing and
implementing environmental protection programs in Indian Country. This work continues under
the GAP national framework as defined in the new guidance made effective in FY 2022.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$10,259.0) This program change is an increase to support additional grant funding to
federally recognized tribes and tribal consortia for planning, developing, and establishing
environmental protection programs in Indian Country and implementing solid and
hazardous waste programs. This strategic investment will address inequities by promoting
environmental justice and public participation in programs being developed.
Statutory Authority:
Indian Environmental General Assistance Program Act.
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Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S 12.061
S 13.16-/
s lUti'
-SI.
Total Budget Authority
$12,661
$13,164
$11,387
-$1,777
Program Project Description:
EPA's Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grant Program was established by the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) to protect groundwater that is a source of drinking water. The Program
supports federal, state, and tribal government agencies that oversee underground injection
activities to prevent contamination of underground sources of drinking water from fluid injection
practices.
The UIC Program protects underground sources of drinking water by ensuring proper permitting,
construction, operation, and closure of injection wells used to place fluids underground for storage,
disposal, enhanced recovery of oil and gas, and mineral recovery. The grants are made to states
and tribes that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and manage UIC
programs and ensure safe injection well operations that prevent contamination of underground
sources of drinking water. Eligible tribes that demonstrate an intent to achieve primacy also may
receive grants for the initial development of UIC programs and be designated for "treatment as a
state" if their programs are approved. Where a jurisdiction does not have primacy, EPA uses these
funds for direct implementation of federal UIC requirements.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. The Program also will
support the Agency's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act implementation priorities.
The FY 2025 request will support implementation of the UIC Program, which manages
approximately 804,589 injection wells across six well types to protect groundwater resources.50
There are currently 71 jurisdictions across the Nation (federal, state, tribal, and territorial) that
implement the UIC Program. EPA directly implements UIC programs in seven states, two
territories, and the District of Columbia and shares responsibility in ten states and with two tribes.
50As represented in FY 2022 annual inventory.
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As of December 2023, EPA also administers the UIC programs for all other tribes and for Class
VI wells in all states but North Dakota and Wyoming.51
The UIC Program is improving efficiency and reducing the UIC permit application processing
time and will continue implementing the recently developed UIC well permit review process. This
effort includes applying identified permit review and processing efficiencies to all well classes,
and modifying common definitions, as appropriate, to provide greater clarity for all well classes.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the
EPM appropriation and mitigation of climate change to support safe drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,777.0) This program change is a decrease of resources available for EPA's state and
tribal partners through the Underground Injection Control grants program.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act § 1443.
51 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa.gov/uic/priiirary-enforcement-authority-underground-iiijection-control-
program-0.
62
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Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Objective(s): Reduce Waste and Prevent Environmental Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SIJOJ
SJ.505
S 1.505
SO
Total Budget Authority
$1,503
$1,505
$1,505
$0
Program Project Description:
EPA's Underground Storage Tanks (UST) State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) Program
provides funding for grants to states under the Solid Waste Disposal Act to improve and enhance
UST programs. STAG funds may be used for prevention activities that are not specifically spelled
out in the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 and are used by states that do not have sufficient
state resources to fund these core programs.
STAG funds are used by states to fund such activities as: applying for state program approval to
operate the UST Program in lieu of the federal program, updating UST regulations, and providing
compliance assistance.52
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 6/Objective 6.2, Reduce Waste and Prevent
Environmental Contamination in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Due to the increased emphasis on inspections and release prevention requirements, EPA has
consistently met the yearly goal to minimize the number of confirmed releases. Between 2008 and
2023, the number of annual confirmed releases has decreased by 41 percent (from 7,364 to
4,354).53
As of the end of FY 2023, 51 states and territories have reported compliance with the UST
Technical Compliance Rate (TCR) measure, which came about after the UST rule was revised in
2015.54The TCR includes new compliance measures for spill prevention and overfill requirements,
as well as additional leak detection requirements. Of the states that report TCR, they produced a
TCR rate of 58 percent in FY 2023, which is consistent with the 58 percent rate from FY 2021 but
incorporates several states reporting for the first time.
52 States as referenced here also include the District of Columbia and five territories as described in the definition of a state in the
Solid Waste Disposal Act.
53 For more information, please refer to https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-ll/fy-23-eoy-final-report-l 1-21-
2023.pdf.
54 Beginning in FY 2023, TCR will be the measure reported from the remainder of the states.
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By the end of FY 2025, EPA anticipates that all states that originally had state program approval
(SPA) based on the 1988 UST regulation will be granted SPA renewal based on the 2015 UST
regulation.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the LUST Prevention program under the
LUST appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Solid Waste Disposal Act § 2007(f); Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L. 117-328.
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Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Protect and Restore Waterbodies and Watersheds
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S 0.122
SN.0V2
S 22.000
S 'JOS
Total Budget Authority
$6,122
$14,692
$22,000
$7,308
Program Project Description:
The Wetland Program Development Grants Program assists states, tribes, and local governments
with building or enhancing their wetland and other aquatic resources, protection and restoration
programs. Wetlands and other aquatic resources play a critical role absorbing and filtering
pollutants from water. Protecting and restoring the Nation's aquatic resources, including wetlands,
also is key to climate resiliency because these resources reduce flood risk, help manage runoff
pollution, and serve as carbon sinks. Program grants are used to develop new or refine existing
state and tribal wetland/aquatic resource programs in one or more of the following areas: 1)
monitoring and assessment; 2) voluntary restoration and protection; 3) regulatory programs,
including Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 401 certification and Section 404 assumption;55 and 4)
wetland water quality standards.
States and tribes develop wetland/aquatic resource programs based on their goals and resources.
The Program provides grants to support the development of state and tribal wetland/aquatic
resource programs that further the goals of the CWA and state/tribal laws, improve water quality
in watersheds throughout the country, address climate change and build resilience, and provide
benefits to disadvantaged communities. The grants are awarded on a competitive basis under the
authority of Section 104(b)(3) of the CWA and the Program is a Justice40 covered program. The
grant funding is split among EPA's 10 regional offices according to the number of states and
territories per region. Each region is required, by regulation, to compete the award of these funds
to states, tribes, territories, local governments, interstate agencies, and inter-tribal consortia.56 In
addition, EPA sets aside 10 percent of the appropriation for a grant competition specifically for
tribes and inter-tribal consortia. Finally, EPA sets aside approximately five percent of the
appropriation for a grant competition specifically for nonprofits and interstate and inter-tribal
consortia. This grant competition supports state and tribal wetland programs with projects that are
55 State and tribal assumption of CWA Section 404 is an approach that can be useful in streamlining 404 permitting in coordination
with other environmental regulations. When states or tribes assume administration of the federal regulatory program, Section 404
permit applicants seek permits from the state or Tribe rather than the federal government. States and tribes are in many cases located
closer to the proposed activities and are often more familiar with local resources, issues, and needs. Even when a state assumes
permitting under Section 404, the United States Army Corps of Engineers retains jurisdiction for a certain portion of waters under
the CWA as well as those waters subject to Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act for permits.
56 For more information, please see: http://water.epa.gov/grants funding/wetlands/estp.cfm.
65
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nationwide in scope or affect two or more EPA regions. In addition, one of the eligible uses of the
grant is training for local communities on restoration practices.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.2, Protect and Restore Waterbodies and
Watersheds in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA will continue to assist states and tribes in their efforts to protect, restore, and
manage wetlands/aquatic resources through monitoring and documenting stresses or
improvements to wetland condition, developing tools and programs for wetland restoration and
the use of natural infrastructure to mitigate flooding and storm surge hazards, investigating and
advancing opportunities to factor in climate change and environmental justice in decision-making,
and developing regulatory controls to avoid, minimize, and compensate for wetland impacts. The
Agency also will review these activities to identify ways to increase benefits to disadvantaged
communities, advance climate adaptation and mitigation measures, evaluate methods for sharing
best practices, including through websites, and encourage expansion of state and tribal programs
to address changes in federal wetland and aquatic resource protections.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$7,308.0) This increase of resources will go towards helping states develop programs to
protect wetlands that lost federal protection following the Sackett Supreme Court decision.
Statutory Authority:
Clean Water Act § 104(b)(3).
66
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Categorical Grant: Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreements
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Take Decisive Action to Advance Environmental Justice and Civil Rights
Objective(s): Promote Environmental Justice and Civil Rights at the Federal, Tribal, State and
Local Levels
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SO
SO
S 25.000
S25.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Program Project Description:
U.S. environmental law requires that federal environmental programs are in place across the
country, including in Indian Country. Programs are implemented in two ways: by federally
recognized tribes through EPA delegations, authorizations, or approvals of EPA authorities; and
by EPA, which is known as EPA direct implementation. Approximately 95 percent of federal
environmental programs in Indian Country are directly implemented by EPA with the remaining
programs implemented by tribes.
In FY 2025, EPA requests establishment of a new program to provide much needed dedicated
funding under the Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreements (DITCAs) authority,
which was established by Congress. This unique funding vehicle is available to EPA to fund tribes
to carry out agreed upon federal implementation activities to assist EPA with implementation of
federal environmental programs in Indian Country. DITCAs are the only EPA funding authority
that allows EPA to fund tribes to perform EPA direct implementation activities; such activities
cannot be funded by grants. DITCAs also provide a valuable tool for EPA to directly implement
programs while simultaneously allowing the tribe to participate and gain valuable experience in
the program as it is being implemented in their areas of Indian Country. EPA aims to devote at
least half of this program's funding to projects/initiatives that result in Tribes becoming more
resilient to climate change impacts. Once established, it is expected to at least double the number
of tribes receiving EPA assistance for EPA direct implementation activities while providing
needed multi-media environmental protections.
DITCAs provide several distinct benefits to tribes. The use of DITCAs:
Creates a critical avenue to partner with EPA in the implementation of meaningful
environmental protection in Indian Country,
Allows for flexibility to develop tribal staff capacity to manage environmental programs
by partnering with EPA on implementation,
Provides the opportunity to address specific tribal environmental needs and priorities,
Respects tribes' interest in determining the scope and pace of tribal involvement, and
67
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Provides tribes the opportunity to "test" their capacity to undertake these activities for
potential applications for delegation, authorization, or approval of EPA authorities in the
future.
Significantly, DITCAs also provide the opportunity for the tribes to address environmental
conditions in Indian Country without having to undergo the primacy delegation, authorization, or
approval process which can be expensive, lengthy, and may give rise to potential challenges to
tribal jurisdiction.
This source of dedicated funding for Direct Implementation Tribal Cooperative Agreements will
advance EPA direct implementation under a broad range of EPA responsibilities where EPA is
legally required, or authorized, to implement the federal environmental program in the absence of
an acceptable implementation program, and for federal environmental programs with statutes
containing legal provisions allowing the delegation, authorization, or approval of those programs
to tribes. EPA's goal is to ensure that environmental programs inside Indian Country are as robust
and protective as those same programs outside of Indian Country to protect human health and the
environment.
While EPA has successfully implemented a small number of DITCAs since Congress authorized
this mechanism, the FY 2025 President's Budget represents the first time that the budget includes
a separately identified funding source dedicated to this critical work. While the existing authority
allows funding from other programs, it does not actually set aside such resources or identify them.
Separate dedicated funding, as established in this new program, will maximize the tribal and EPA
benefits of using a DITCA to implement federal programs in Indian Country and result in EPA
reaching more underserved communities in need.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 2/Objective 2.1 Promote Environmental Justice and
Civil Rights at the Federal, Tribal, State, and Local Levels in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic
Plan. Activities will ensure a full and robust implementation of the laws that EPA administers in
all areas in need of such protections while simultaneously honoring the federal trust responsibility
to the hundreds of federally recognized tribes EPA works with throughout FY 2025.
Separate DITCA funding will fundamentally change the ability of EPA to direct funding to the
highest priority direct implementation needs in Indian Country. OITA's American Indian
Environmental Office (AIEO) will lead and administer this effort. EPA will establish the DITCA
award program, including criteria to fund high priority implementation activities. EPA staff will
work directly with program offices and regional staff to coordinate and carry out the program.
Performance Measure Target:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
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FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$25,000.0) This increase establishes funding for a new categorical grant program
dedicated to providing support to federally recognized tribes to assist EPA's direct
implementation efforts in Indian Country to improve environmental and human health
concerns, absent a program delegation, authorization, or approval of EPA authorities to a
tribe.
Statutory Authority:
DITCAs were initially authorized in the FY 2001 Appropriations Act (Pub. L. No. 107-73, 115
Stat. 686 (2001) and have been authorized on an annual basis every fiscal year since then.
In conjunction with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) § 102(2)(F): Clean Air Act §
103(a); Clean Water Act § 104(a)(l)-(2); Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) § 1442(a)(1);
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) § 8001(a)(1); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) §§ 17(d), 20(a); Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) §10(a);
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) § 203(a)(1); E.O. 13547; E.O. 13689;
U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) Implementation Act, 19 U.S.C. §§ 4501-4372.
69
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Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants
Program Area: Categorical Grants
Goal: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Objective(s): Reduce Waste and Prevent Environmental Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SI05J0V
SI 1)5,1)1)1)
SI OX. 24'
SJ.2-/'
Total Budget Authority
$105,369
$105,000
$108,247
$3,247
Program Project Description:
The Resource Recovery and Hazardous Waste Grants Program helps states, territories, tribes, local
governments, and non-profits implement both the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Through RCRA, EPA and states
protect human health and the environment by minimizing waste generation, preventing the release
of millions of tons of hazardous wastes, and cleaning up land and water. Authorized states conduct
the direct implementation of permitting, corrective action, and enforcement components of the
RCRA Hazardous Waste Management Program. Through the IIJA, EPA works with states,
territories, tribes, local governments, and non-profits to improve recycling infrastructure,
education, and outreach through the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR) grants and
the Recycling Education and Outreach (REO) grants.
The RCRA hazardous waste grant funding supports all 50 states and six territories. Currently, 48
states and two territories are authorized to implement the RCRA Program. EPA directly
implements the RCRA Program in the states of Iowa and Alaska and in Indian Country. EPA also
provides project-specific small grants to tribes selected through a competitive process. To ensure
statutory requirements are successful, EPA partners with state and local governments, as well as
American businesses and non-governmental organizations, to significantly improve waste and
material management practices. In FY 2025, EPA will continue a multi-year transition to an
updated allocation formula to distribute Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants to the states
and work on further updating the data used within the formula. The Agency believes that using the
most recent data will better align cooperative agreement funding to states' needs and maximize
the environmental benefits and program performance of this funding. EPA will work in close
consultation with the states during the development of the updated allocation formula and expects
to begin implementation of a revised allocation in FY 2026.
The IIJA provides EPA with an unprecedented $350 million in grant funding for the SWIFR grant
program, which is focused on enhancing solid waste management infrastructure, and REO grant
program, which is focused on improving consumer education on recycling and waste prevention.
Other directives in the IIJA include development of a model recycling program toolkit for states,
local governments, and tribes; and increasing coordination at the federal level on federal agencies'
responsibilities under the Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG) Program (including the
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frequency by which EPA must review the CPGs). In the very first round of funding awarded in
FY 2023 and FY 2024, all 50 states, five territories and the District of Columbia received
approximately $32 million in funding; 25 local governments received approximately $73 million
in funding, 59 tribes and intertribal consortia received approximately $60 million in funding, and
25 education and outreach recipients received approximately $33 million in funding. The first
round of SWIFR grants also were supplemented by annual appropriations under the Recycling
Infrastructure program.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 6/Objective 6.2, Reduce Waste and Prevent
Environmental Contamination in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA requests an additional $3.2 million for its hazardous waste grant programs to
continue to maintain state and territorial hazardous waste permitting programs and provide support
to EPA's state and territorial partners in their efforts to minimize waste generation and prevent its
release into communities. In FY 2025, the Agency (and authorized states) will continue to:
Issue and renew permits to a portion of the 1,300 permitted hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities. This includes working with industry, the public, and states
to address issues related to management of hazardous waste through development and
application of standards, permits, guidance, and training. In FY 2023, EPA and its state
partners achieved 114 permit renewals issued at hazardous waste facilities and expect to
meet the target of 105 permit renewals in FY 2024.
Process permit modifications to keep pace with evolving business practices, technology,
market conditions, and cleanup decisions.
Update controls to encourage facilities to modernize technological systems, expand waste
management capability, improve hazardous waste management practices, and make timely
cleanup decisions.
Inspect facilities to ensure compliance and safety.
Oversee cleanups at hazardous waste management facilities and focus on milestones
toward completing cleanup of the 3,983 priority contaminated facilities (the Corrective
Action Progress Track), which include highly contaminated and technically challenging
sites.
Oversee cleanups at high priority contaminated hazardous waste management facilities and
return cleaned up property to productive use. This includes working with state partners to
ensure that responsible parties conduct effective and efficient cleanups that are protective
of human health and the environment and reduce the burden on taxpayers.
Draft implementation documents such as permits and orders, review site assessment plans
and results, review remedy selection documents, oversee remedy implementation, oversee
public participation, and track progress of cleanups.
Work with tribes to develop tribal hazardous waste management plans; implement
hazardous and universal waste tribal programs; and assist tribes in developing and
implementing hazardous waste programs enforcement policies and procedures for tribes
through the Tribal Hazardous Waste Grant Program.
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Continue to improve cleanup approaches, share best practices and cleanup innovations,57
and address issues of emerging science.
Distribute grant funds to assist states in adopting new permit programs for the management
of coal combustion residuals.
Make progress in updating permits to reflect current standards, technologies, and practices.
This includes progress towards meeting the Agency's goal of increasing the percentage of
permits that are kept up to date. EPA continues to assess and respond to permitting program
needs, which states and regions can adopt for greater permitting program efficiency.
In FY 2025, EPA will announce and award additional grants for states, territories, tribes, local
governments, and non-profits utilizing the remaining SWIFR and REO IIJ A funds.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the RCRA Corrective Action and RCRA
Waste Management Programs under the EPM appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$3,247.0) This program increase provides support for implementation of state and
territorial programs with an investment to further assist EPA's partners in achieving
progress on the ground.
Statutory Authority:
Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act § 3011;
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, Pub. L. 115-141; Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
(IIJ A), Pub. L. 117-58.
57 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.go v/hw/toolbox-corrective-action-resource-conservation-and-reco verv-
act-facilities-investigation-remedy.
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State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
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Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Tackle the Climate Crisis
Objective(s): Reduce Emissions that Cause Climate Change
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and 1'ribul Assistance (irants
s
S 100.000
SI00.000
SO
Total Budget Authority
$7,239
$100,000
$100,000
$0
Program Project Description:
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) Grant Program provides support for emission
reductions from existing diesel engines through engine replacements, including zero emission
replacements, retrofits, and rebuilds; switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction; and other
emission reduction strategies. The DERA Program was initially authorized in Sections 791-797 of
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and reauthorized by the Diesel Emission Reduction Act of 2010
and in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021.
Diesel engines remain the modern-day workhorse of the American economy (e.g., goods
movement, construction, public transportation). Diesel engines are extremely efficient and power
nearly every major piece of equipment on farms, construction sites, in ports, and on highways. As
the Agency's heavy-duty highway and nonroad diesel engines emissions standards came into
effect, new cleaner diesel engines started to enter the Nation's fleet. However, there are millions
of older engines in use that will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulate
matter, including black carbon.58 DERA funding accelerates the pace at which dirty engines are
retired or retrofitted. EPA's DERA Program promotes strategies to reduce these emissions and
protect public health by working with air quality professionals, environmental and community
organizations, manufacturers, fleet operators, tribes, and state and local officials. DERA funding
provides both a public health and climate benefit and can be directed to areas with the greatest
need. DERA funding is targeted to areas with air quality challenges and grants funding is
prioritized for projects that benefit vulnerable communities.
Ports are places where large concentrations of diesel equipment often converge - including ships,
trucks, rail, and nonroad machinery. The near-port communities that bear the brunt of air pollution
from these diesel engines are often comprised of low-income populations and people of color.
These residents can be exposed to air pollution associated with emissions from diesel engines at
ports including particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and air toxics. These pollutants can
contribute to significant health problems, including premature mortality, increased hospital
admissions for heart and lung disease, increased cancer risk, and increased respiratory symptoms,
especially for children, the elderly, outdoor workers, and other sensitive populations. DERA
prioritizes grant funding to ports and goods movement projects to benefit nearby communities.
58 DERA Fifth Report to Congress: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P1015S8Q.pdf.
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this Program directly supports Goal 1/Objective 1.1, Reduce Emissions that Cause
Climate Change in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Since it began, the DERA Program has provided funding support for cutting-edge clean
technologies that reduce emissions from diesel-powered mobile sources. The continuing
innovation shown in this sector is now creating new opportunities to look to more zero emission
options in source categories ranging from highway trucks to port cargo handling equipment. EPA
is committed to look for ways to help expedite this transition as part of its DERA implementation
effort. Considering the DERA Program's continuing role in advancing environmental justice and
tackling the climate crisis, EPA will evaluate the DERA Program to identify the best actions the
Agency can take to support this policy objective in FY 2025, as outlined in Executive Order (EO)
14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad.
Work in this Program directly supports EO 14008 and its Justice40 Initiative to target 40 percent
of the benefits of climate investments to disadvantaged communities. The DERA Program is
covered under the Justice40 Initiative.
In FY 2025, the DERA Grant Program will prioritize projects that provide health benefits to
residents of communities near centers of goods movement like ports that receive a disproportionate
quantity of air pollution from diesel fleets. Further priority will be given to projects whose leaders
engage and partner with affected communities with environmental justice concerns.
Using the formula outlined in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, eligible states and territories are
offered 30 percent of the annual DERA appropriation to implement projects under the DERA State
Grants Program. The remaining DERA funding is awarded as rebates and competitive grants.
Through the DERA National Grants and the DERA Tribal and Insular Area Grants, the Agency
will competitively award grants focusing on areas with poor air quality, especially those impacted
most severely by emissions from ports and goods movement. Priority for funding also is given to
projects benefitting vulnerable communities and projects which engage communities in the design
and performance of the project. EPA will continue to track, assess, and report the results of DERA
grants, such as numbers of engines, emissions benefits, and cost-benefit information.59 Further,
EPA will continue to provide diesel emission reduction technology verification and evaluation and
provide that information to the public.60
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
59 List of all grant awards under DERA can be found at https://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/clean-diesel-national-grants.
60 For more information, please visit: https://www.epa. gov/cleandiesel.
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FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Program is authorized by Title VII, Subtitle G of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005, 42 USC 16131, et seq., as amended.
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Brownfields Projects
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Objective(s): Clean Up and Restore Land for Productive Uses and Healthy Communities
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
Sft'.MJ
S 100.000
SII-I.-I.S2
SN.-/.S2
Total Budget Authority
$87,833
$100,000
$114,482
$14,482
Program Project Description:
The Brownfields Program awards grants and provides technical assistance to help states, tribes,
local communities, and other stakeholders involved in environmental revitalization and economic
redevelopment to work together to plan, inventory, assess, safely cleanup, and reuse brownfields
sites, particularly in disadvantaged communities. Approximately 160 million people (roughly 48
percent of the U.S. population) live within three miles of a brownfields site that received EPA
funding.61 Similarly, within a half mile of a brownfields site receiving EPA funding, 20 percent of
people live below the national poverty level, 16 percent have less than a high school education, 54
percent are people of color, and seven percent are linguistically isolated. This idle land drags down
property values and can slow a local economy.
Brownfields redevelopment is a key to revitalizing main streets, neighborhoods, and rural
communities, as well as increasing property values and creating jobs, especially for those
communities with persistent poverty and environmental justice (EJ) concerns that are often left out
of economic and environmental revitalization. Important environmental impacts of brownfields
cleanup and redevelopment include improved water quality associated with reduced runoff from
stormwater and nonpoint pollutant sources, and improved air quality associated with reduced
greenhouse gas emissions from vehicle travel.62 The Brownfields Program leverages federal, state,
and local resources to strengthen partnerships across all levels of government and with the private
sector, allowing these partners to build on each other's successes.
Since its inception, the Brownfields Program has fostered a community-driven approach to the
reuse of contaminated sites. As of December 2023, grants awarded by the Program have led to
over 10,800 properties made ready for productive use and over 270 thousand jobs and over $40.4
billion leveraged.63 By awarding brownfields grants, EPA makes investments in communities so
that they can realize their own visions for land reuse, infrastructure development, economic
growth, and job creation.
1 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management, 2023. Data collected includes: 1) Brownfields site information from
ACRES as of the end of FY 2022; 2) Population data from the 2017-2021 American Community Survey.
62 For more information on Brownfields Program Environmental & Economic Benefits please refer to:
https://www.epa.gov/browfields/browiifLelds-program-enviroiimental-and-economic-benefits.
63 FromACERS.
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Under this program, EPA will focus on core activities, providing funding for: 1) assessment
cooperative agreements and Targeted Brownfields Assessments (TBAs); 2) cleanup and
multipurpose cooperative agreements; and 3) research, training, and technical assistance to
communities for brownfields-related activities, including land revitalization assistance,
environmental workforce development, and job training cooperative agreements.
A 2017 study found that housing property values increased five to 15.2 percent near brownfields
sites when cleanup was completed.64 Analysis of the data near 48 brownfields sites shows that an
estimated $29 to $97 million in additional tax revenue was generated for local governments in a
single year after cleanup. This is two to seven times more than the $12.4 million EPA contributed
to the cleanup of those brownfields sites.65 In addition, based on historical data provided by the
Assessment Cleanup and Redevelopment Exchange System (ACRES) database, $1 of EPA's
Brownfields funding leverages $19.78 in other public and private funding.66
In addition, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) invests $1.2 billion to scale up
community-led brownfields revitalization from FY 2022 through FY 2026. This work includes
direct grants and technical assistance to assess and clean up brownfields sites, train and place
people in environmental jobs, and assist hundreds of communities in identifying equitable reuse
options to cultivate healthy, resilient, and livable neighborhoods.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 6/Objective 6.1, Clean Up and Restore Land for
Productive Uses and Healthy Communities in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA requests an investment of approximately $14.5 million to advance EJ in tandem
with climate work. This investment will align with the Administration's Justice40 initiative by
stimulating economic opportunity and environmental revitalization in more than 400 historically
overburdened communities. These resources will build on current work to revitalize communities
across the country by providing financial and technical assistance to assess, conduct cleanup, and
plan reuse at brownfields sites. The Brownfields Program will continue to foster federal, state,
tribal, local, and public-private partnerships to return properties to productive economic use,
including in historically disadvantaged communities and communities with EJ concerns.
The activities described below will leverage approximately 12,135 jobs and $2.3 billion in other
funding sources.67
Funding will support at least 139 assessment cooperative agreements that recipients may
use to inventory, assess, and conduct cleanup and reuse planning at brownfields sites.
64Haninger, K., L. Ma, andC. Timmins. 2017. The Value ofBrownfield Remediation. Journal of the Association of Environmental
and Resource Economists, 4(1): 197-24L https://www.ioumals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/689743.
5 Sullivan, K. 2017. Brownfields Remediation: Impact on Local Residential Property Tax Revenue. Journal of Environmental
Assessment Policy and Management, 19(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1464333217500132.
6 For more information, please visit www.epa.gov/browiifields.
67 U.S. EPA, Office of Land and Emergency Management Estimate. All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the
data that is entered by cooperative agreement recipients via EPA's ACRES database.
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Approximately 1,250 site assessments will be completed under these agreements, including
in communities affected by the retirement of coal-fired power plants.
Funding will support at least 20 multipurpose cooperative agreements that recipients may
use to assess, conduct cleanup, and conduct reuse planning at one or more brownfields
sites. At least 20 reuse plans, 20 site assessments, and 20 site cleanups will be completed
under these agreements.
EPA will provide funding for TBAs in up to 200 communities without access to other
assessment resources or those that lack the capacity to manage a brownfields assessment
grant. There is special emphasis for small, rural, and disadvantaged communities to submit
requests for this funding to ensure equal access to brownfields assessment resources. These
assessments will be performed through contracts and interagency agreements.
Funding will support 20 Environmental Workforce Development & Job Training
cooperative agreements. This funding will provide environmental job training for citizens
to take advantage of new jobs created as a result of brownfields assessment, cleanup, and
revitalization in their communities. These awards will lead to approximately 980 people
trained and 680 placed in jobs.
Funding also will support training, research, technical assistance cooperative agreements,
interagency agreements, and contracts to support states, tribes, and communities for both
the Brownfields and Land Revitalization Programs and other assistance mechanisms, as
authorized under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act 104(k)(7).
Funding will be provided for technical assistance to an estimated 150 small and
disadvantaged communities.
Funding for Revolving Loan Fund (RLF) and Cleanup cooperative agreements will be
provided with IIJA funds and are not requested as part of the Agency's FY 2025 request.
IIJA waived the statutory cost share for RLF and cleanup cooperative agreements.
All estimates of outputs and outcomes are supported by the data that is entered by cooperative
agreement recipients via the ACRES database and analyzed by EPA. Maintenance of ACRES
focuses on the input of high-quality data, and robust analysis regarding program outcomes and
performance will continue to be priorities during FY 2025.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PM B29) Number of brownfields properties assessed.
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
Units
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Target
1,300
1,400
1,650
1,650
1,650
Properties
Actual
1,919
1,693
1,772
1,682
1,637
1,894
(PM B30) Number of brownfields sites made ready for anticipated
use.
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
Units
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Target
684
684
684
684
600
600
600
600
Sites
Actual
861
910
809
616
662
736
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(PM B32) Number of brownfields properties cleaned up.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
130
130
160
160
160
Properties
Actual
143
190
183
168
173
169
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$14,482.0) This program increase will build on current work to revitalize communities
across the country by providing financial and technical assistance to assess, conduct
cleanup, and plan reuse at brownfields sites.
Statutory Authority:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) §§
101(39) and 104(k).
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Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S7/..S7W
s.iy/i.svi
S-11.000
sun
Total Budget Authority
$41,810
$39,686
$41,000
$1,314
Program Project Description:
The Alaska Rural and Native Village (ANV) Program provides critical basic drinking water and
sanitation infrastructure (e.g., flushing toilets and running water) in vulnerable rural and Native
Alaskan communities that lack such services. Alaskan rural and native water and sewer systems
face not only the typical challenges associated with small system size, but also challenging climate
and geographic conditions, such as permafrost, shortened construction seasons, and extremely
remote locations.
ANV communities look to EPA as a critical funding source of when they or the State of Alaska
are not able to fully finance the needed water infrastructure improvements. The Program serves
communities that often lack the debt capacity to apply for other funding sources, including EPA
State Revolving Loan Funds. The Indian Health Service's (IHS) December 2023 analysis
identified $258 million of need for water and wastewater infrastructure in Alaska in FY 2022.68
Many communities on the prioritized list have not been able to advance their projects due to lack
of funding.
While the gains in the Program have been significant, ANV communities continue to trail behind
the non-tribal/non-native population in the United States in access to water and sanitation. In
Alaska, a significantly higher percentage of native and rural serviceable households live without
complete indoor plumbing than the national average.
The ANV Program also supports training, technical assistance, and educational programs to
improve the financial management, operation, and maintenance of sanitation systems. The training
also results in a trained workforce with transferable job skills. This is done through leveraging
prioritization and implementation expertise from the State of Alaska with ANV program funds.
(The State of Alaska uses a risk-based prioritization process to fund projects that will have the
greatest public health and environmental benefit. Further, the State delivers these services to ANV
communities by coordinating across federal agencies and programs.)
68 Feasible need as defined by the IHS.
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The FY 2025 request of $41.0 million will fund water infrastructure in rural Alaskan homes and
maintain the existing level of wastewater and drinking water infrastructure that meets public health
standards, given increased regulatory requirements on drinking water systems and the rate of
construction of new homes in rural Alaska. The funding will be used to leverage funds provided
to the IHS by Congress and particularly by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) for
the portion of the projects that are deemed 'ineligible' by IHS for IHS IIJA funding. Across all
funding sources, the goal is to provide service to most of the remaining unserved homes over the
course of the five years of the IIJA. Additionally, the request will continue to support training,
technical assistance, and educational programs that protect existing federal investments in
infrastructure by improving operation and maintenance of the systems. Improved operation and
maintenance will improve system performance and extend the life of the asset.
In FY 2025, the Agency will continue to work with the State of Alaska to address sanitation
conditions and maximize the value of the federal investment in rural Alaska. EPA will continue to
implement the Alaska Rural and Native Village "Management Controls Policyadopted in June
2007, to ensure efficient use of funds by allocating them to projects that are ready to proceed or
are progressing satisfactorily. The Agency has made great strides in implementing more focused
and intensive oversight of the ANV grant program through cost analyses, post-award monitoring,
and timely closeout of projects. These activities will help meet targets as part of the Justice40 pilot
program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,314.0) This program change is an increase to support water infrastructure in rural
Alaskan homes and maintain the existing level of wastewater and drinking water
infrastructure that meets public health standards, given increased regulatory requirements
on drinking water systems and the rate of construction of new homes in rural Alaska.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 § 303; Clean Water Act § 1263a.
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Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S'.vVA-)/
.S "S.'SJ
SI.23-1.1-13
Total Budget Authority
$735,951
$775,752
$1,239,895
$464,143
Total Workyears
4.4
3.6
3.6
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Program capitalizes state revolving loan funds
in all 50 states and Puerto Rico to finance infrastructure improvements for public wastewater
systems and projects to improve water quality. In addition to capitalizing state revolving loan
funds, the CWSRF appropriation includes a provision for set-aside funding for tribes to address
serious wastewater infrastructure needs and associated health impacts. A portion of the CWSRF
appropriation also provides direct grant funding for the District of Columbia and United States
territories. These funds directly support the Agency's goal to ensure waters are clean through
improved water infrastructure and sustainable management. The CWSRF Program also
implements American Iron and Steel (AIS),69 the Build America Buy America Act,70 and other
provisions, as required by law.
The CWSRF Program is the largest source of federal funds for states to provide low-interest loans
and other forms of assistance for water quality projects including construction of wastewater
treatment facilities, water and energy efficiency projects, green infrastructure projects, and
agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs). This federal investment is designed to be used
in concert with other sources of funds to address water quality needs.71 Other tools, such as
additional subsidization, are available as part of the CWSRF Program to assist small, rural, and
overburdened and underserved communities. The CWSRF Program is a key component of EPA's
efforts to achieve innovative solutions to wastewater infrastructure needs and realize economic
and environmental benefits that will continue to accrue in the future.
The revolving nature of the funds and substantial state match contributions have greatly multiplied
the federal investment. EPA estimates that for every federal dollar contributed thus far, the Nation
has received more than three dollars of investment in water infrastructure. As of June 2023, the
CWSRF Programs has provided a total of $172 billion from all funding sources in affordable
69 For additional information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/cwsrf/state-revolving-fund-american-iron-and-steel-ais-
requirement.
70 For additional information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/cwsrf/build-america-buy-america-baba.
71 For additional information, please see: http://www.epa.gov/cwsrf.
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financing for a wide variety of wastewater infrastructure and other water quality projects.72 In
2023, over 1,600 assistance agreements were made with communities of all sizes, funding over
$8.8 billion in projects aimed at treating wastewater, addressing stormwater runoff, tackling non-
point source pollution, and addressing a myriad of other environmental issues.73
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The federal investment in the CWSRF in FY 2025 will continue to support progress toward
meeting the Nation's clean water needs and infrastructure priorities while creating good paying
jobs. The infrastructure and other water management projects receiving low interest loans and
additional subsidization from the CWSRF protect public health, strengthen the economy and local
neighborhoods, and contribute to healthy ecosystems. Underserved communities can benefit from
the program because its low-cost financing and additional subsidization make these needed
investments more affordable.
EPA continues to work with states to meet several key objectives, such as:
Linking projects to environmental results;
Targeting funding and technical assistance to rural, small, and disadvantaged communities
with limited ability to repay loans; and
Ensuring the CWSRFs remain reliable sources of affordable funding.
In FY 2025, EPA is requesting over $1.2 billion to provide funding for critical wastewater
infrastructure through the CWSRF Program. Funding requested in FY 2025 would complement
the robust investments provided for the SRFs in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA).
The requested level supports several priority areas including improving resilience to natural
hazards such as climate change; addressing environmental justice concerns by providing resources
to remedy disproportionate levels of pollution in vulnerable communities; and creating good
paying jobs. The Program will encourage states to prioritize funding for projects focused on
climate change resiliency. These funding levels advance infrastructure repair and replacement and
would allow states, municipalities, and other eligible borrowers to continue to finance high-priority
investments that improve water quality and protect human health. EPA will complete annual
reviews of each State CWSRF Program to help evaluate if states are effectively implementing the
CWSRF program.
The FY 2025 budget includes $80 million for the complementary Water Infrastructure Finance
and Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program. Through the WIFIA Program, EPA will make direct loans
to regionally or nationally significant water infrastructure projects. The combined investments of
the SRFs and WIFIA Program advance the Agency's ongoing commitment to infrastructure repair
and replacement. These funds represent a major investment in water infrastructure and will create
72 Clean Water State Revolving Fund National Information Management System. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, National Information
Management System Reports: Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Washington, DC (As of June 30,2023).
73 Clean Water State Revolving Fund National Information Management System. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, National Information
Management System Reports: Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Washington, DC (As of June 30,2023).
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thousands of good paying jobs across the country.
To help drive progress, EPA has established a target to increase the cumulative amount of non-
federal dollars leveraged by water infrastructure programs (CWSRF, Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF), and WIFIA), with a goal of $9.5 billion in FY 2025. In FY 2023, over
$11.4 billion of non-federal funds leveraged by these programs, increasing the funds available to
improve, repair, and modernize the Nation's water infrastructure.
The FY 2025 capitalization of the CWSRF would supplement the $172 billion in total assistance
provided over the life of the program. The assistance provided in 2023 from federal capitalization,
state contributions, and repayments was over $8.5 billion.
In addition to capitalizing the CWSRF Program, a portion of the appropriation also will provide
grants to tribes, District of Columbia and four territories. Many of these communities need
assistance because they do not have the required resources to upgrade wastewater infrastructure,
causing significant public health and environmental concerns. To ensure sufficient resources are
directed toward these communities, EPA continues to request a tribal set-aside of two percent, or
$30 million, whichever is greater, of the funds appropriated in FY 2025. EPA also continues to
request a set-aside of 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated for the territories of American Samoa,
Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Marianas, and the United States Virgin Islands. These
activities will help work toward meeting targets as part of the Justice40 pilot program.
EPA requests that up to $2 million of the tribal set-aside be used for training and technical
assistance related to the operation and management of tribal wastewater treatment works. EPA
also requests the ability to use the tribal and territorial set-asides to support:
planning and design of treatment works; and
the construction, repair, or replacement of privately-owned decentralized wastewater
treatment systems serving one or more principal residences or small commercial
establishments (e.g., septic systems).
This authority is similar to those already available to states. Giving EPA the authority to provide
expanded support for planning and design will protect the federal investment in wastewater
infrastructure and ensure access to safe wastewater treatment for tribes and territories that face
significant challenges with sanitation infrastructure. The ability for both the tribes and territories
to construct, repair, or replace decentralized wastewater treatment systems will allow the flexibility
that these communities require to provide wastewater infrastructure that is appropriate for the
unique circumstances of each community.
Funding future Clean Watershed Needs Surveys (CWNS) remains a priority.74 The CWNS is a
comprehensive assessment of the capital needed to meet the water quality goals of Sections 205(a)
and 516 of the Clean Water Act. This assessment and documentation of future needs is critical in
the effort to manage and fund our nation's wastewater infrastructure. A comprehensive CWNS is
an important tool for identifying critical water quality needs in communities across the Nation,
including rural, small, and disadvantaged communities. It also helps assess the scope of
investments needed to reduce the vulnerability of water infrastructure to natural hazards, including
74 For additional information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/cwas
85
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climate change. The FY 2023 appropriation provided a $1.5 million set-aside from the CWSRF
allowing EPA to continue to conduct the CWNS. EPA requests that this appropriation language
continue in FY 2025 -to ensure sufficient resources for the next CWNS.
EPA will partner with states to ensure that the CWSRF Program continues to play an important
role in promoting efficient system-wide planning; improvements in technical, financial, and
managerial capacity; and the design, construction, and ongoing management of sustainable water
infrastructure. To streamline data collection and reduce reporting burden, EPA in FY 2022
redesigned the databases used to collect performance information about the CWSRF and DWSRF
Programs. The goal of this effort is to reduce reporting burden by eliminating redundancy and
providing a more user-friendly interface for states to submit data. EPA completes annual reviews
of each state's CWSRF to help assess the effectiveness of the Program.
Additionally, IIJA (Public Law 117-58) includes $2,828 billion for this program in FY 2025.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PMINFRA-01) Billions of non-federal dollars leveraged by EPA's water infrastructure finance programs
(CWSRF, DWSRF and WIFIA).
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
Units
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Target
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
9.5
Billions of
Actual
9.7
10.3
10.2
12.1
14.6
11.4
Dollars
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$1,331.0) This change to fixed and other costs is a decrease due to the recalculation of
base workforce costs for existing FTE due to annual payroll increases, adjustments to
provide essential workforce support, and changes to benefit costs.
(+$465,474.0) This program change represents an increase to the states' revolving funds
and restores funding for non-earmarked projects, that, combined with IIJA funding, will
help communities, and increase support to the states.
Statutory Authority:
Title VI of the Clean Water Act.
86
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Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water Congressionally Directed Spending
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S,W.(>22
.S.SY>.*./««
SO
-sso.iiov
Total Budget Authority
$80,622
$863,109
$0
-$863,109
Total Workyears
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The purpose of the Congressionally Directed Spending is to provide grants to specific communities
to work on specific water infrastructure projects. In recent years, Congress has set aside funding
from the SRFs to fund these Congressionally Directed Spending projects, which do not move
through the State Revolving Funds, and do not recycle to facilitate future projects. Grants and work
provided by this program can be accomplished with the restoration of funding for non-
Congressionally Directed Spending projects within the Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$863,109.0) This program change is directly attributable to reducing $863 million in
funding for congressionally directed community projects. This earmarked funding does not
move through the State Revolving Funds and does not recycle to facilitate future projects.
Statutory Authority:
Title VI of the Clean Water Act.
87
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Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
.S504. ~'>l>
S5Ut.H45
S 1.120.105
S00
-------
The DWSRF Program provides communities access to critical low-cost financing and offers a
subsidy to help utilities address long-term needs associated with water infrastructure. Most
DWSRF assistance is offered as loans which water utilities repay from the revenues they generate
from the rates they charge their customers for service. Water utilities in many communities may
need to evaluate the rate at which they invest in drinking water infrastructure repair and
replacement to keep pace with their aging infrastructure, many of which may be approaching the
end of their lives.
EPA works with states to ensure that DWSRF infrastructure and technical assistance funds are
available to water systems in disadvantaged communities that have the most significant drinking
water challenges. EPA emphasizes assistance to projects which reduce lead, address emerging
contaminants, and help water systems achieve resiliency to natural and manmade hazards,
including climate change and cyber security.
This request complements the historic amount of funding provided in the IIJA, (Public Law 117-
58) which includes $6,403 billion for this program in FY 2025.
State Set-Asides
States have considerable flexibility to tailor their DWSRF program to their unique circumstances.
This flexibility ensures that each state can carefully and strategically consider how best to achieve
the maximum public health protection. To achieve this, states may set aside and award funds for
targeted activities that can help them implement and expand their drinking water programs. The
four DWSRF state set-asides are:76
Small System Technical Assistance (up to two percent);
Administrative and Technical Assistance (up to four percent, $400 thousand or one-fifth
percent of the current valuation of the fund, whichever is greater);
State Program Management (up to ten percent); and
Local Assistance and Other State Programs (up to fifteen percent).
Taken together, approximately 31 percent of a state's DWSRF capitalization grant may be set aside
for activities other than infrastructure construction. These set-asides enable states to improve water
system operation and management, emphasizing institutional capacity as a means of achieving
sustainable water system operations. Most recently, states have taken on average 15 percent of the
available 31 percent for set-aside activities. States can utilize these set-aside funds to help drinking
water systems, especially those in small and disadvantaged communities, increase their technical,
managerial, and financial capacity and receive the planning and capacity building assistance they
need to effectively manage the systems and plan for the future.
Non-Federal Funding Leveraging
The federal SRF investment is designed to be used with other sources of funds to address drinking
water infrastructure needs. States are required to provide a 20 percent match for their capitalization
grant from annual appropriations. Some states elect to leverage their capitalization grants through
76 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/drinkingwatersrf/how-drinking-water-state-revolving-fund-works#tab-
5.
89
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the public debt markets to enable the state to provide more assistance. These features, including
state match leveraging and the revolving fund design of the Program, have enabled the states to
provide assistance exceeding 235 percent of the federal capitalization since the Program's
inception in 1997. For every dollar the federal government invests in this program, the states, in
total, have delivered over two dollars in assistance to water systems. In addition, the DWSRF's
rate of funds utilized was 95 percent in 2023 (utilization is measured based on the state FY calendar
which ended on June 30, 2023).77
The FY 2025 capitalization of the DWSRF would supplement almost more than $57.3 billion in
total assistance provided over the life of the Program, from all funding sources. The assistance
provided in FY 2023 from federal capitalization, state contributions, and repayments was $4.3
billion.
National Set-Asides
Prior to allotting funds to the states, EPA reserves certain national level set-asides.78 The statute
requires that $2 million be allocated to small systems to monitor for unregulated contaminants to
facilitate their compliance with the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR). In FY 2022 and 2023, EPA requested and received
authority to set aside $12 million to provide small systems with the resources needed to implement
the new statutorily mandated expansion of the UCMR Program. Section 2021 of the America's
Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) of 2018 requires, subject to availability of appropriations and
adequate laboratory capacity, all Public Water Systems (PWSs) serving 3,300 to 10,000 persons
to monitor under future UCMR cycles. It also requires EPA to ensure that a nationally
representative sample of PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 persons monitor under future UCMR
cycles. In FY 2025, EPA proposes to again set-aside $12 million for this new statutory mandate.
The 1996 SDWA established the current UCMR program. It includes statutory provisions that
require EPA to coordinate and pay the monitoring costs for a representative selection of small
water systems that serve fewer than 10,000 individuals. Historically under this emerging
contaminant monitoring program, EPA would require sampling at 800 small water systems that
would be selected to represent the over 60,000 small water systems throughout the United States.
AWIA included statutory revisions amending SDWA and mandating (subject to the availability of
appropriations) that EPA significantly expand the small water system monitoring program.
Starting with UCMR 5 (FY 2022-2026), the total number of small systems monitored will increase
by 7.5 times, from 800 to 6,000. This expansion will include all 5,200 public water systems that
serve between 3,300 and 10,000 individuals and a representative selection of 800 systems serving
fewer than 3,300 individuals.
EPA will direct up to two percent or $20 million, whichever is greater, of annually appropriated
funds to tribes and ANVs. These funds are awarded either directly to tribes or, on behalf of tribes,
to the Indian Health Service through interagency agreements. Additionally, EPA will continue to
set aside up to 1.5 percent for territories.
77 The cumulative dollar amount of loan agreements divided by cumulative funds available for projects.
78 Safe Drinking Water Act Sections 1452(i)(l), 1452(i)(2), 1452(j), and 1452(o), as amended.
90
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In addition, SDWA requires that all funds made available by a state DWSRF as authorized by
SDWA Section 1452 (42 U.S.C. 300j-12) for the construction, alteration, maintenance, or repair
of a public water system use iron and steel products produced in the United States. The
Administrator may retain up to 0.25 percent of the funds appropriated in this Act for the DWSRF
and the CWSRF for carrying out the provisions for management and oversight of the requirements
of this section. Also, the Build America, Buy America Act, which was signed into law in 2021
under IIJA (Section 70911-17), requires that the funds made available for a federal financial
assistance program must use iron, steel, manufactured products, and construction materials
produced in the United States.
Additionally, EPA is requesting authority in the DWSRF to fund the DWINSA. Every four years,
EPA works with states and community water systems to estimate the DWSRF eligible needs of
system by state over the next 20 years. EPA uses this information as part of the formula for state
allocations of the DWSRF. In April 2023, the Agency announced the new allotment formula,
which was first used in FY 2023, based on the 7th DWINSA results. EPA released the 7thDWINSA
Report to Congress in September 2023. Findings included infrastructure needs, estimates of lead
service line prevalence and replacement costs, current concerns for a sustainable certified operator
workforce, and an assessment of the uses of iron and steel products. In the Fall of 2023, EPA also
conducted a one-time update of the service line material information, which will inform BIL LSLR
SRF allotments starting in FY 2024. The FY 2025 request includes up to $1.5 million set-aside
from the DWSRF for the 8th and future DWINSAs to ensure there are consistent and reliable
resources to fund this important work.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Work in this program also directly supports progress toward the FY 2024-2025 Agency Priority
Goal: Reduce harmful lead exposure in drinking water through the replacement of lead service
lines in communities. By September 30, 2025, increase the number of funded lead service line
replacements by 500,000.79
In FY 2025, EPA will work to increase by $9.5 billion the cumulative amount of non-federal
dollars leveraged by water infrastructure finance programs (DWSRF, CWSRF and Water
Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA)). For FY 2025, EPA requests $1.1 billion for
the DWSRF to help finance public drinking water system infrastructure projects. EPA is not
proposing funding for earmarks, which come at the expense of state funds. This will result in an
increased state allocations in FY 2025 as compared to FY 2023. The funding will accelerate
infrastructure replacements and investments across the nation. In FY 2025, EPA requests over $2.3
billion for the Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs). The SRF
infrastructure budget, combined with the funding from the WIFIA Program, and EPA Community
Grants, provides robust funding for critical drinking and wastewater infrastructure.
79 Based on available data, EPA estimates that on average 73,000 lead service lines have been funded annually. The number of
lead service line replacements funded will be tracked quarterly, but the two-year goal is to increase that number to 300%.
91
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The requested funding level reflects documented needs for drinking water infrastructure and
improvements to infrastructure in small and disadvantaged communities. EPA will continue to
foster its strong partnership with the states to provide small system technical assistance with a
focus on compliance with rules, operational efficiencies, and system sustainability and resiliency
to ensure public health protection. In FY 2025, EPA also will continue to amplify information on
available funding options for local utilities and state programs to meet critical infrastructure needs,
especially in underserved and disadvantaged communities.
Furthermore, as a pilot program under Justice40, the Agency will leverage all available authorities,
tools, and resources to meet key administration priorities in investments in overburdened and
underserved communities. EPA will continue to work to target a significant portion of assistance
from SRFs to small, overburdened, and underserved communities with limited ability to repay
loans. In FY 2025, EPA is requesting that 14 percent of the funds provided to the states be
available for additional subsidy and allow states to go above that percentage if there is an
emergency declared for lead.
In FY 2025, the DWSRF Program will continue to implement the Clean Water and Drinking Water
Infrastructure Sustainability Policy. This policy focuses on promoting system-wide planning that
helps water systems:
Align water infrastructure system goals.
Analyze infrastructure alternatives, including energy efficient alternatives; and
Ensure they have the financial capacity and rate structures to construct, operate, maintain,
and replace infrastructure over time.
In FY 2025, EPA is continuing to emphasize strengthening small system technical, managerial,
and financial capability through the Capacity Development Program, the Operator Certification
Program, the Public Water System Supervision State Grant Program, and the DWSRF. The
Capacity Development Program establishes a framework for states and water systems to work
together to help small systems achieve the SDWA's public health protection objectives. The state
Capacity Development Programs are supported federally by the Public Water System Supervision
state grant funds and the set-asides established in the DWSRF. In FY 2025, EPA will continue to
work with states to review and update their capacity development strategies to include asset
management as required by AWIA.
In addition, EPA will complete annual reviews of each State DWSRF Program to help evaluate if
states are effectively implementing the DWSRF Program effectively and implementing the
Drinking Water Revolving Fund Program to facilitate community water system compliance with
the SDWA.
92
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Performance Measure Targets:
(PM DW-02) Number of community water systems still in noncompliance with health-based standards since
March 31,2021.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
875
640
450
425
400
CWSs
Actual
1,718
1,128
1,048
654
537
466
(PM DWT-02) Number of community water systems in Indian Country still in noncompliance with health-
based standards since March 31,2021.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
100
55
35
30
CWSs
Actual
74
54
(PM INFRA-01) Billions of non-federal dollars leveraged by EPA's water infrastructure finance programs
(CWSRF, DWSRF and WIFIA).
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
9.5
Billions of
Dollars
Actual
9.7
10.3
10.2
12.1
14.6
11.4
(PM INFRA-07) Number of lead service line replacements funded.
FY
2018
FY
2019
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
:::,ooo
500,000
Lead
Service
Lines
Actual
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$609,260.0) This program change represents an increase to the SRFs and restores
funding for non-earmarked projects, that, combined with IIJA funding, will help
communities, and increase support to the states.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act § 1452.
93
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Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water Congressionally Directed
Spending
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
sn
.S
SO
-son
Total Budget Authority
$142,276
$609,256
$0
-$609,256
Total Workyears
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The purpose of the Congressionally Directed Spending is to provide grants to specific communities
to work on specific water infrastructure projects. In recent years, Congress has set aside funding
from the SRFs to fund these Congressionally Directed Spending projects, which do not move
through the State Revolving Funds, and do not recycle to facilitate future projects. Grants and work
provided by this program can be accomplished with the restoration of funding for non-
Congressionally Directed Spending projects within the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$609,256.0) This program change is directly attributable to reducing $609 million in
funding for congressionally directed community projects appropriated in FY 2023. This
earmarked funding does not move through the State Revolving Funds and does not recycle
to facilitate future projects.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act § 1452.
94
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Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
SJ.i.OVS
S MiJXfi
S.lOjSf)
SO
Total Budget Authority
$33,698
$36,386
$36,386
$0
Program Project Description:
The U.S. and Mexico share more than two thousand miles of common border from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and over 62 miles on either side of the international border. The
border region is home to more than 15.2 million people with about 8 million living in the U.S.
(U.S. Census Bureau 2017 estimates) and more than 7 million living in Mexico's Border
Municipalities (Instituto Nacional de Estadisticay Geografia-INEGI, 2015 estimate). Twenty-six
U.S. federally recognized Native American tribes are in the U.S.-Mexico border region. Untreated
sewage flowing north into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexicali, and Nogales pollutes several rivers,
such as the Tijuana and Santa Cruz rivers, and pollutes shared waters, such as the Rio Grande, the
Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico. The close proximity and intermingling of border
communities that have poor quality drinking water and sanitation poses a serious risk of disease
transmission.
EPA works collaboratively with United States (U.S.) federal, state, and local partners and the
Mexican water agencyCONAGUAthrough the U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure
Program to fund planning, design, and construction of high-priority water and wastewater
treatment facilities for underserved communities along the border. Investments in wastewater and
drinking water infrastructure in communities on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico Border reduce
disease and health care costs associated with exposure to raw sewage and drinking water
contaminants causing acute and chronic illnesses. The U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure
projects stimulate local economies through public health-related economic gains, job creation, and
increased demand for goods and services.
Up to date, the Program has funded 143 projects. More than nine million people are benefiting
from 129 completed projects, and almost 1.8 million people will benefit from projects currently
under construction. Since 2003, the Program has provided approximately 61,179 homes with new
or improved access to safe drinking water and around 968,410 homes with new or improved access
to wastewater collection/treatment.
The EPA's Border Water Infrastructure Program is unique among federal funding programs. It
funds projects on both sides of the border. Citizens of the U.S. benefit from all projects since all
funded projects must demonstrate that they will provide a positive public health and/or
95
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environmental benefit to the U.S., whether the project is in the U.S. or Mexico. For example, a
wastewater project in Mexico can only be funded if that sewage would otherwise contaminate a
U.S. waterbody. Treating these waters after they have been contaminated and have crossed the
border into the U.S. is neither technically feasible nor financially viable.
U. S.-Mexico Border communities are looking to EPA as a last-resort funding source when utilities,
cities, or states are not able to fully finance needed infrastructure improvements. The Program
serves communities that often lack the capacity to apply for other funding sources, including
EPA's State Revolving Funds. To improve opportunities for communities to request funding
support for these critical investment needs, in FY 2017, EPA, in coordination with the North
American Development Bank, modified the process to allow for applications to be submitted on a
continuous basis through an on-line format available 24 hours a day/seven days per week. Since
2017, a total of 50 applications have been selected and are currently in development or
construction. Those applications represent an estimated construction investment need of over $471
million. The Program continues to receive new applications and evaluates these on, at least, a
quarterly basis.
The Agency's investments in the Mexican side projects have represented only a third of the total
project construction costs, while leveraging two thirds of the remaining total costs from the
Mexican government and other funding sources. EPA's investment leverages Mexican funds that
simultaneously benefit the U.S. and Mexico. If not for the Agency's investment, Mexican funds
would likely be invested in other parts of Mexico that do not directly benefit the United States.
Preventing raw sewage discharges to shared water resources is especially critical in a region that
is already facing water scarcity challenges.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is one of the few federal programs that assists communities in
the planning and design of water and sanitation infrastructure projects. Planning and design are
essential to advance projects to a construction ready stage, create sustainable communities and
access public and private funding. Thirty-two of the fifty selected projects that have construction
costs estimated at over $393 million are currently in the development phase. More than 4 million
border residents will benefit once all these projects are complete.
The close bi-national cooperation in this program has improved public health and water quality.
Improving access to clean and safe water is a key focus of the Border 2025 Plan,80 the bi-national
agreement that guides efforts to improve environmental conditions in the U.S.-Mexico Border
region. EPA investments in these wastewater projects are protecting public health from waterborne
diseases and have been a key factor in significant water quality improvements in U.S. waterbodies,
such as the Rio Grande (Texas and New Mexico), Santa Cruz River (Arizona), New River
(California), and Tijuana River and Pacific Ocean (California). In both the New River and the
middle Rio Grande, for example, fecal coliform levels have dropped by over 80 percent because
of jointly funded wastewater treatment plants built in Mexicali and Ojinaga, Mexico, respectively.
The Santa Cruz River now supports a healthy fish population where a few years ago only
bloodworms thrived.
' For more information please visit: https://www.epa.gov/usmexicoborder/border-2025-framework.
96
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
With the requested $36.4 million for FY 2025, the U.S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure
Program will continue to fund high-priority water and wastewater infrastructure projects. Projects
that receive funding have been evaluated and ranked using a risk-based prioritization system,
which enables the Program to direct grant funding to projects that demonstrate human health
benefits, cost-effectiveness, institutional capacity, and sustainability. EPA coordinates at local,
national, and bi-national levels to assess the environmental needs and make prioritized funding
decisions. All program funding will be invested in projects that, whether located in the U.S. or
Mexico, provide a positive public health and/or environmental benefit to the U.S. The U. S. benefits
include improved quality of U.S. water bodies and shared waters and reduced health risk to the
U.S. population. The demonstration of a U.S. benefit is one of the fundamental eligibility criteria
for projects seeking program assistance.
The U. S.-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure Program works with the ten border states (four U. S.
and six Mexican) and local communities to improve the region's water quality and public health.
The U.S. and Mexican governments will collaborate on water infrastructure projects to reduce
health risks to residents, including vulnerable populations of children and the elderly, many of
whom currently lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation. Additionally, by providing
homes with access to basic sanitation, EPA and its partners will reduce the discharge of untreated
wastewater into surface water and groundwater. These activities will help meet targets as part of
the Justice40 pilot program.
FY 2025 funding will be allocated to a portion of the construction of projects that have completed
planning and design and are ready to move to construction. Final decisions on the use of FY 2023
funding will be based on balancing the construction needs of fully designed projects with the
planning and design needs of prioritized projects.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Treaty entitled "Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States
on Cooperation for the Protection and Improvement of the Environment in the Border Area,
August 14, 1983."
97
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Targeted Airshed Grants
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Objective(s): Improve Air Quality and Reduce Localized Pollution and Health Impacts
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S.l-l.fiM
Vi'A'A?"
SO
Total Budget Authority
$34,669
$69,927
$69,927
$0
Program Project Description:
The Targeted Airshed Grants Program awards competitive grant funding to reduce air pollution in
nonattainment areas that were ranked as the top five most polluted areas relative to ozone, annual
average fine particulate matter (PM2.5), or 24-hour PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS). This program assists air pollution control agencies in conducting emission reduction
activities in these nonattainment areas. The overall goal of the Targeted Airshed Grant Program is
to reduce air pollution in the Nation's areas with the highest levels of ozone and PM2.5 ambient air
concentrations.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 4/Objective 4.1, Improve Air Quality and Reduce
Localized Pollution and Health Impacts in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Work in this program directly supports the President's priorities to tackle the climate crisis and
advance environmental justice. The targeted airshed grant program provides funding to air
pollution control agencies with responsibilities for the State Implementation Plan (SIP) or Tribal
Implementation Plan (TIP) for the eligible nonattainment areas. This program can fund any
activities that achieve documentable emission reductions to assist eligible nonattainment areas to
meet the NAAQS.
Air pollution control agencies that have responsibilities for these areas will continue to implement
projects that improve the air quality in the listed nonattainment areas. Expected projects include,
but are not limited to:
Replacing vehicles, engines, or equipment with cleaner alternatives;
Replacing or retrofitting heat devices (e.g., wood burning stoves, fireplaces); and
Other projects that achieve quantifiable emission reductions for the applicable pollutant(s),
such as road paving or residential wood smoke reduction activities like providing dry
seasoned wood.
98
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Anticipated projects will achieve demonstrable reductions in air pollutants that contribute to the
nonattainment status of the eligible areas, including reductions in direct PM2.5, nitrogen oxides
(NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and/or ammonia. They will
provide direct health and environmental benefits to communities. Priority funding for these grants
goes to emission reduction projects that promote environmental justice in eligible nonattainment
areas based on how well the projects will effectively address the disproportionate and adverse
cumulative impacts (human health, environmental, climate-related and others) that have affected
and/or currently affect people/communities of color, low income, tribal, and indigenous
populations.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Pub. L. 117-328).
99
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Safe Water for Small & Disadvantaged Communities
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
.S 22.HH'
S.W.I is
S.W.I "i
.S IS
Total Budget Authority
$22,887
$30,158
$30,173
$15
Total Workyears
1.6
1.0
1.0
0.0
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117-58) includes $1 billion in FY 2025.
Program Project Description:
EPA awards Small and Disadvantaged Communities Drinking Water Grants to states to assist
public water systems in underserved, small, and disadvantaged communities. The grants are
designed to assist communities that are unable to finance activities needed to comply with the
National Drinking Water Regulations and to respond to drinking water contaminants.
Since the inception of the Program, the Program has awarded over $128 million in project grants
funding to 43 states and tribal communities. These grants and the cost share requirement have
contributed to over $120 million in project investments, impacting over one million residents in
small, underserved, and disadvantaged communities. The Program is in the process of making
additional awards with FY 2023 funds and finding prospective projects to award once FY 2024
funds become available.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
EPA is requesting $30.2 million in FY 2025 to assist small and disadvantaged communities with
improving their drinking water resources. The request will provide additional grant funding and
support to address lead and other contaminants in drinking water, especially in small and
disadvantaged communities. Many of these communities are rural and have limited access to other
sources of funding. These grants are awarded as non-competitive grants to states, with a separate
tribal allotment. The grant program supports overburdened and underserved communities that
either have no household drinking water or wastewater services or are served by a public water
system that violates or exceeds any maximum containment level, treatment technique, or action
level. Projects eligible for assistance include those designed to:
Return a public water system to compliance;
Benefit overburdened and underserved communities on a per household basis;
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Provide household water quality testing, including testing for unregulated contaminants;
Fund activities necessary and appropriate for a state to respond to a contaminant;
Purchase point-of-entry or point-of-use filters and filtration systems that are certified by a
third-party using science-based test methods for the removal of contaminants of concern;
and
Provide accurate and current information on the need for filtration and filter safety,
including proper use and maintenance practices, and the options for replacing lead service
lines (as defined in Safe Drinking Water Act section 1459B(a)) and removing other sources
of lead in water.
With over $30 million in grant funding, the Program is estimating that approximately 45 projects
would receive funding. With a federal cost share of 10 percent, EPA estimates these projects would
total $33 million in project investment in small, disadvantaged, and underserved communities.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$8.0) This change to fixed and other costs is an increase due to the recalculation of base
workforce costs for existing FTE due to annual payroll increases, adjustments to provide
essential workforce support, and changes to benefits costs.
(+$7.0) This change will increase the resources available to states to help underserved,
small, and disadvantaged communities.
Statutory Authority:
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, Title IV, Section 2104; Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L.117-328.
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Reducing Lead in Drinking Water
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SJ2J01
S25MU
so-i.-i'v
S.W.-IOS
Total Budget Authority
$32,301
$25,011
$64,479
$39,468
Total Workyears
1.6
1.0
1.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Reducing Lead in Drinking Water grant program was established in Section 2105 of the Water
Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016 (WIIN). The objectives of the grant
program are to reduce the concentration of lead in drinking water by: 1) replacing lead service
lines (LSLs); 2) identifying and addressing conditions that contribute to increased concentration
of lead in drinking water; and 3) providing assistance to low-income homeowners to replace LSLs.
The grant program supports the Biden-Harris Administration's commitment to eliminating LSLs
and the goal of ensuring clean and safe water for all by prioritizing applications from
disadvantaged communities.81 At the end of FY 2022, EPA had announced over $73 million in
available funding and commenced making awards. The grants included 22 projects across the
nation, including tribal communities. Projects included LSL replacement, improvements in
drinking water infrastructure, and lead remediation and replacement activities in schools and
childcare facilities. These grant awards were finalized in FY 2023.
In FY 2024, the Agency plans to announce the next competition cycle for approximately $35
million in grant funding to continue to reduce lead exposure in drinking water in underserved and
overburdened communities.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this Program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the l'Y 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. Work in this Program
also directly supports progress toward the FY 2024-2025 Agency Priority Goal: Reduce harmful
lead exposure in drinking water through the replacement of lead service lines in communities. By
September 30, 2025, increase the number of funded lead service line replacements by 500
thousand.82
81 For more information please see: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefuig-room/statements-releases/2021/12/16/fact-sheet-the-
biden-harris-lead-pipe-aiid-paint-actioii-plaii/.
82 Based on available data, EPA estimates that on average 73 thousand lead service lines have been funded annually. The number
of lead service line replacements funded will be tracked quarterly, but the two-year goal is to increase that number to 300 percent.
102
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In FY 2025, work in this Program will directly support efforts related to the reduction of lead
exposures and associated health impacts in disadvantaged communities, including support for
infrastructure or treatment improvements in public drinking water systems, as well as the
remediation or replacement of drinking water infrastructure in schools and childcare facilities.
The FY 2025 request includes over $64 million for the Reducing Lead in Drinking Water grant
program, which are intended to complement the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)
funding provided for LSL replacements through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
(DWSRF). EPA will provide grants to eligible entities to fund LSL replacement or remediation
projects that meaningfully reduce the concentration of lead in drinking water with a priority for
disadvantaged communities. The prioritization will be based on the disadvantaged community
criteria established by the applicable state. This funding will support approximately 60 to 120
additional projects across the country in FY 2025. These activities also will help work toward
meeting targets as part of the Justice40 pilot program.
Performance Measure Targets:
(PMINFRA-07) Number of lead service line replacements funded.
FY
20IX
FY
201<)
FY
2020
FY
2021
FY
2022
FY
2023
FY
2024
FY
2025
Units
Target
:::,ooo
500,000
Lead
Service
Lines
Actual
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6.0) This change to fixed and other costs is an increase due to the recalculation of base
workforce costs due to annual payroll increases, adjustments to provide essential workforce
support, and changes to benefits costs.
(+$39,462.0) This change increases the number of lead reduction projects that can be
funded across the country.
Statutory Authority:
Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, Title IV, Section 2105; Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L. 117-328.
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Lead Testing in Schools
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S 5.-11 ~
S.W.500
s.ir,,>nn
S(i.t)l)l)
Total Budget Authority
$5,417
$30,500
$36,500
$6,000
Program Project Description:
The goals of the Voluntary Lead Testing in Schools Grant Program are to: 1) reduce children's
exposure to lead in drinking water; 2) help states target funding to schools and childcare facilities
unable to pay for testing; 3) use the Training, Testing, and Taking Action (3Ts) approach to
establish best practices for a lead in drinking water prevention program; 4) foster sustainable
partnerships at the state and local level to facilitate both exchange of information among experts
in the education and health sectors and more efficient use of existing resources; and 5) enhance
community, parent, and teacher cooperation and trust. In November 2021, the Infrastructure
Investments and Jobs Act amended the grant statute to allow for funding to include remediation of
lead in drinking water and replacement of lead service lines in schools and childcare facilities.
In FY 2023, EPA announced the total availability of $58 million in FY 2022 and 2023 grant
funding, $27.5 and $30.5 million respectively, including $3.73 million set aside for American
Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Non-tribal program participants include all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The full funding
amount has been allocated and is available for participant states and territories to use for eligible
programmatic activities. Progress reporting for FY 2023 funds shows that a total of 11,300 schools
and childcare facilities across the country have been tested for lead.
To date, this program has supported testing for lead in drinking water in over 20 thousand schools
and childcare facilities, directly impacting over four million children. In FY 2023, approximately
6 thousand schools and 4 thousand childcare facilities were tested. The Agency also continues to
work with the seven tribal consortia that were awarded $4.3 million in grants to support lead testing
in tribal schools and childcare programs.83
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. Work in this program
also directly supports progress toward the Agency Priority Goal: Reduce harmful lead exposure in
83 For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/tribaldilnkiiigwater/wiin-act-section-2107-lead-testiiig-school-and-
child-care-pro gram-drinking-water.
104
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drinking water through the replacement of lead service lines in communities. By September 30,
2025, the goal is to increase the number of funded lead service line replacements by 500
thousand.84
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 amended Safe Drinking Water
Act (SDWA) Section 1464 (Lead Testing in Schools grant) to include remediation (termed "lead
reduction") in the statutory language. This important amendment allows program grants to support
both water testing and remediation of the sources of the lead in drinking water in schools and
childcare facilities. In FY 2025, EPA is requesting $36.5 million to provide grants to support
voluntary testing for lead contamination in drinking water at schools and childcare facilities and
for remediation of sources of lead in the drinking water in those facilities. The FY 2025 funding
will improve drinking water quality for vulnerable populations and help schools and childcare
facilities better protect children in overburdened and underserved communities.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation and the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund under the STAG appropriation to support safe drinking
water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$6,000.0) This program change is an increase in program resources to further address
lead in drinking water, especially in small and disadvantaged communities.
Statutory Authority:
SDWA § 1464(d), as amended by the America's Water Infrastructure Act, Pub. L. 115-270 § 2006.
84 Based on available data, EPA estimates that on average 73 thousand lead service lines have been funded annually. The number
of lead service line replacements funded will be tracked quarterly, but the two-year goal is to increase that number to 300 percent.
105
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Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainabilitv
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
s ~,ooo
S 25.000
SIS.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$7,000
$25,000
$18,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability Program assists public water
systems serving small and underserved communities in the planning, design, construction,
implementation, operation, or maintenance of a program or project that increases resilience to
natural hazards, including climate change. This program focuses on increasing water infrastructure
investment and improving drinking water and water quality, especially in underserved and
overburdened communities across the country.
The Program conducted outreach and launched the inaugural competition with a Request for
Applications (RFA) on September 7, 2023, for $19 million in funding (combined funding from
FY 2020 through FY2023). The open application period for the competition closed on November
6, 2023, and EPA is currently reviewing the applications. Selections are anticipated to be
completed in early 2024, with awards to follow.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA is requesting $15 million for the Drinking Water Infrastructure Resilience and
Sustainability Grant Program. This Program supports the Administration's priority of assisting
eligible entities in the planning, design, construction, implementation, operation, or maintenance
of a program or project that increases resilience to natural hazards, including climate change.
The FY 2025 request will allow EPA to fund projects across the country, accelerating the ability
of public water systems to take action to improve their resilience, especially after natural hazard
occurrences. The FY 2025 grants will support a wide range of locally relevant activities, including:
Water conservation or the enhancement of water use efficiency;
106
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Modification or relocation of existing drinking water system infrastructure that is at risk of
significant impairment by natural hazards, including risks to drinking water from climate
change and flooding;
Design or construction of desalination facilities to serve existing communities;
Enhancement of water supply through watershed management and source water protection;
Enhancement of energy efficiency or the use and generation of renewable energy in the
conveyance or treatment of drinking water; or
Development and implementation of activities to increase the resilience of the eligible
entity to natural hazards.
These grants help ensure that water systems across the country, especially those serving
disadvantaged, rural, and small communities, have the resources needed to reduce the vulnerability
of their water infrastructure to natural hazards.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund and Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision Programs under the STAG
appropriation and the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$18,000.0) This change is an increase that will fully fund the Program at the authorized
level. This increase of resources supports water infrastructure in communities, ensuring
access to safe drinking water, and supports the President's priority of assisting eligible
entities in the planning, design, construction, implementation, operation, or maintenance
of a program or project that increases resilience to natural hazards.
Statutory Authority:
America's Water Infrastructure Act, P.L. 115-270, Section 2005.
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Technical Assistance for Wastewater Treatment Works
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S-10.01 -
S2 '.000
SIS.000
-SV.000
Total Budget Authority
$40,617
$27,000
$18,000
-$9,000
Program Project Description:
This Program provides grants to nonprofit organizations to help rural, small, and tribal
municipalities to 1) obtain Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) financing; 2) protect
water quality and achieve and maintain compliance with the requirements of the Clean Water Act
(CWA); and 3) disseminate planning, design, construction, and operation information for small
publicly owned wastewater systems and decentralized wastewater treatment systems. Program
funding also provides training to operators, staff, and managers on sustainable and effective
management, financial, and operational wastewater utility treatment practices.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The FY 2025 request of $18.0 million will continue funding for the Technical Assistance for
Treatment Works Grant Program. The Program also supports environmental justice and work in
underserved communities. Underserved communities are more likely to experience wastewater
infrastructure challenges because of a lack of staff capacity and limited resources to pay for
external expertise. In FY 2025, EPA will provide grants to nonprofit organizations to support
training and technical assistance to help rural, small, and tribal municipalities obtain CWSRF
financing, protect water quality and ensure CWA compliance, and share information on planning,
design, construction, and operation of wastewater systems. These activities also will help achieve
the goals of the Administration's Justice40 Initiative. As of FY 2023, EPA has awarded about $53
million in grants from this program, helping communities obtain water infrastructure financing.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Drinking Water Programs and
Surface Water Protection Programs under the EPM appropriation.
108
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FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(-$9,000.0) This program change redirects funding to other administration priorities.
Statutory Authority:
America's Water Infrastructure Act, P.L. 115-270, Section 4103 and Clean Water Action Section
104(b)(8).
109
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Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Grants
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
S 50.000
S 50,000
SO
Total Budget Authority
$48,486
$50,000
$50,000
$0
Total Workyears
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Reuse Municipal Grant (OSG) Program provides grants to
fund projects that can mitigate the effects of extreme weather events. These events increase storm
water discharges as well as increase discharge of raw sewage from combined and sanitary sewer
overflows. The grants fund projects that include green as well as gray infrastructure. Many
underserved and marginalized communities will benefit from the work funded by these grants.
States will provide grants to municipalities to manage combined sewer overflows, sanitary sewer
overflows, and stormwater flows.85
EPA awards grants using a formula that captures sewer overflow and stormwater infrastructure
needs.86 To the extent eligible projects exist, 20 percent of the appropriated funds must be for
projects utilizing green infrastructure, water and energy efficiency improvements, or other
environmentally innovative activities. Section 50204 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
amends the OSG program to include a minimum of 25 percent of each state's grant for eligible
projects in rural or financially distressed communities.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The FY 2025 request includes $50 million for the OSG Program. These funds will be used to help
local officials mitigate the impact of extreme weather events with an increased focus on rural and
financially distressed communities. This investment supports the Administration's priority for
reducing climate pollution, advances environmental justice, and will support reaching targets
under the Administration's Justice40 Initiative. This grant program also advances the
Administration's priority for ensuring climate resilient infrastructure by funding projects that
85 For more information please visit: https://www.federatregister.gov/documents/2021/02/24/2021-03756/state-formula-
allocations-for-sewer-overflow-and-stormwater-reuse-grants.
86 For more information please visit: https://www.epa. gov/cwsrf/sewer-overflow-and-stormwater-reuse-municipal-grants-program.
110
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manage stormwater levels from extreme wet-weather events. In the 2012 Clean Watersheds Needs
Survey, states reported a forward-looking 20-year infrastructure need for combined sewer
overflows, sanitary sewer overflows, and stormwater management in the amount of $99.8 billion.
To date, the program has issued over $98 million in grants to 44 different state entities.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports performance results in the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund and Clean Water State Revolving Fund Programs under the State and Tribal Assistance
Grants (STAG) appropriation and the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA)
Program under the WIFIA appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018, P.L. 115-270, Section 4106, Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, P.L. 117-58, Section 50204, Sec 221 Clean Water Act (33 USC
1301).
Ill
-------
Water Infrastructure Workforce Investment
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
S(i.t)l)l)
S 0.000
SO
Total Budget Authority
$0
$6,000
$6,000
$0
Program Project Description:
Drinking water and wastewater utilities provide stable, rewarding, and high-quality careers. As
utilities make critical investments in infrastructure, drinking water and wastewater, utilities also
must invest in the development of a strong local workforce to strengthen communities and ensure
a strong pipeline of skilled and diverse workers for today and tomorrow.
The innovative Water Infrastructure Workforce Development Investment Grant Program, created
in consultation with the United States Department of Agriculture, provides competitive grants to
be used to connect individuals to career opportunities at drinking water and wastewater utilities
and increase public awareness of careers in this field. EPA selects experienced and qualified non-
profit organizations, labor organizations, educational institutions, and public works departments
that can work with a broad array of water utilities.
This Program supports efforts to increase representation from women, people of color, and tribes
in this sector. Most jobs in this sector do not require college degrees, and apprenticeship and
training programs can prepare people to have high-paying, meaningful professions that support the
water sector and economic development in their communities.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this Program directly supports Goal 5/Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
The FY 2025 request of $6 million for the innovative Water Infrastructure Workforce
Development Investment Grant Program will: 1) assist in the development of innovative water
workforce development and career opportunities in the drinking water and wastewater utility
sector and 2) expand public awareness about drinking water and wastewater utilities and connect
individuals to careers in the drinking water and wastewater utility sector.87 Program funding will
support activities such as internship, pre-apprenticeship, apprenticeship, and post-secondary
bridge programs; education programs for elementary, secondary, and higher education students;
87For more information, please see: https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-water-infrastructure/iniiovative-water-iiifrastructure-
workforce-development-program.
112
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regional industry and workforce collaboratives; secondary integrated learning laboratories; and
leadership development. The Request for Applications for the FY 2023 resources closed in late
2023 and EPA is currently evaluating applications.
FY 2025 resources also will support nonprofit organizations and public works departments or
agencies to align water and wastewater utility workforce recruitment efforts, training programs,
retention efforts, and community resources with water and wastewater utilities.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this Program supports performance results in the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund and Clean Water State Revolving Fund Programs under the STAG appropriation and the
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program (WIFIA) under the WIFIA appropriation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
42 U.S.C. 300j-19e, AWIA, P.L. 115-270, Section 4304.
113
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Technical Assistance and Grants for Emergencies (SDWA)
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S 2.000
S 2.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$2,000
$2,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50101 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to make grants to states or publicly owned water
systems to assist in responding to and alleviating any emergency situation (including cybersecurity
events and heightened exposure to lead) when the Agency determines that there is a substantial
danger to the public health.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2,000.0) This program change will fund the creation of the new grant program
authorized under DWWIA to make grants to provide states or publicly owned water
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systems to assist in responding to and alleviating any emergency situation.
Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50101.
115
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Midsize and Large Drinking Water System Infrastructure Resilience and
Sustainabilitv
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
S 5,01)1)
S 5,000
SO
Total Budget Authority
$0
$5,000
$5,000
$0
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50107 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to create a grant program for the resilience and
sustainability of public water systems serving more than 10 thousand people; including projects
that increase resilience to natural hazards, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, or extreme weather events.
Eligible activities include water conservation and efficiency, infrastructure modification or
relocation, desalination, source water protection, energy efficiency, renewable energy, resiliency
efforts, cybersecurity measures, or water conservation or reuse.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. EPA plans to issue the
first Request for Applications for this grant by the end of FY 2024.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
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FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50107.
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Indian Reservation Drinking Water Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
S -1.000
S 5.000
SI.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$4,000
$5,000
$1,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50111 of DWWIA broadens the Indian reservation drinking water grant program to extend
to projects on Indian reservations that connect, expand, or repair existing public water systems, as
well as to include Clean Water Act water quality or sanitation projects for treatment works.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to continue this grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,000.0) This program change will increase funding for the drinking water grant
program to extend projects on Indian reservations.
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50111.
119
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Clean Water Infrastructure Resiliency and Sustainabilitv Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S 25.000
S25.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50205 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to municipality or an intermunicipal,
interstate, or state agency for planning, designing, or constructing projects that increase the
resilience of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to natural hazards or cybersecurity
vulnerabilities.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$25,000.0) This program change will fund the creation of the new grant program to
municipalities and agencies for planning, designing, or constructing projects that increase
the resilience of POTWs to natural hazards or cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50205.
121
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Small and Medium Publicly Owned Treatment Works Circuit Rider Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S 5,000
S 5.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$5,000
$5,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50206 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to qualified nonprofits to assist
owners and operators of small and medium publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Grants will
prioritize nonprofits that service communities that are overburdened or underserved.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$5,000.0) This program change will fund the creation of the new grant program to assist
owners and operators of small and medium POTWs.
122
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50206.
123
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Grants for Low and Moderate Income Household Decentralized Wastewater
Systems
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S 5,000
S 5.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$5,000
$5,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50208 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to nonprofits that provide assistance
to low- and moderate-income individuals for the construction, repair, or replacement of an
individual household decentralized wastewater treatment system; or the installation of a larger
decentralized wastewater system designed to provide treatment for two or more households.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$5,000.0) This program change will fund the creation of the new grant program to allow
EPA to provide grants for the construction, repair, or replacement of an individual
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household decentralized wastewater treatment system; or the installation of a larger
decentralized wastewater system designed to provide treatment for two or more
households.
Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50208.
125
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Connection to Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S3.000
S3.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$3,000
$3,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50209 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs) or nonprofits that assist individuals with the costs of connecting their household to a
publicly owned treatment work.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$3,000.0) This program change will fund the grant program for POTWs or nonprofits
that assist individuals with the costs of connecting their household to a publicly owned
treatment work.
126
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50209.
127
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Stormwater Infrastructure Technology
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
s.i.nnn
S 5.000
S 2.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$3,000
$5,000
$2,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50217(b) of DWWIA authorizes EPA to establish a competitive grant program aimed at
creating between three and five centers of excellence for new and emerging stormwater control
infrastructure technologies.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to continue this grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$2,000.0) This program change will fund the grant program for municipalities and
agencies to improve stormwater infrastructure by investing in new technologies.
128
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50217(b).
129
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Alternative Water Sources Grants Pilot Program
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S3.000
S3.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$3,000
$3,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues across the country. Implementation of the
Act will strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in
communities in every state, so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking
water and our Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens
many existing programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure,
address the threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and provide assistance to
underserved communities.
Section 50203 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to a water authority in the area of a
state that is experiencing critical water supply needs, and may be used for engineering, design,
construction, and final testing of alternative water source projects to meet critical water supply
needs.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Funds are requested in FY 2025 to create this new grant program.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$3,000.0) This program change will fund the creation of the new grant program to help
water authorities to find alternative water source projects to meet critical water supply
needs.
130
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Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50203.
131
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Enhanced Aquifer Use and Recharge
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
S -1.000
S 5.000
SI.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$4,000
$5,000
$1,000
Program Project Description:
The Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021 (DWWIA) was enacted to help
address numerous drinking water and wastewater issues nationwide. Implementing the Act will
strengthen the federal government's ability to invest in water infrastructure in communities in
every state so that all Americans can continue to have access to safe drinking water and our
Nation's waterways can remain clean and free from pollution. DWWIA strengthens many existing
programs within EPA while creating new programs to upgrade aging infrastructure, address the
threat of climate change, invest in new technologies, and assist underserved communities.
Section 50222 of DWWIA authorizes EPA to provide grants to carry out groundwater research of
enhanced aquifer use and recharge in support of sole-source aquifers.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$1,000.0) This program increase provides additional funds to carry out the grants
program related to groundwater research of enhanced aquifer use and recharge in support
of sole-source aquifers.
Statutory Authority:
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act, P.L. 117-58, Section 50222.
132
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Water Sector Cybersecurity
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Safe Water for All Communities
Objective(s): Ensure Safe Drinking Water and Reliable Water Infrastructure
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
State ant! Tribal . A ssistance (irants
SO
SO
S 25.000
S25.000
Total Budget Authority
$0
$0
$25,000
$25,000
Program Project Description:
Cybersecurity represents a substantial concern for the water sector, given the prevalence of state-
sponsored and other malevolent attacks on the sector as well as the sector's inherent vulnerability
and limited technical capacity to address cyber issues. The Nation's drinking water and wastewater
systems possess limited or no technical capacity to address cybersecurity risks. This competitive
grant will help systems establish and build the necessary cybersecurity infrastructure to address
rising threats. The Program also will support the Agency's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
implementation priorities including preparing for and responding to cybersecurity challenges so
that water systems are more resilient.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 5, Objective 5.1, Ensure Safe Drinking Water and
Reliable Water Infrastructure in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA is requesting $25 million for a new competitive Water Sector Cybersecurity
Grant Program. This program will provide grants for cybersecurity improvements to drinking
water and wastewater systems. Specifically, grant money will be available to develop and
implement programs to proactively mitigate the risk of cybersecurity attacks on drinking water
and/or wastewater systems. This Grant Program would complement authorities provided by the
Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act allowing EPA to provide technical assistance
and grants in the event of a cybersecurity emergency.
It is expected that eligible grantees will include water systems serving small, medium, and large
communities. Receiving grants could be contingent upon completion of an approved cybersecurity
assessment. An approved cybersecurity assessment may include an EPA cybersecurity assessment
or a Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) assessment. This Grant Program
will complement cybersecurity work already underway at EPA.
133
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Performance Measure Targets:
Work under this program supports Safe Drinking Water Act implementation and compliance
performance results in the Drinking Water Programs under the EPM appropriation to support safe
drinking water for the Nation.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$25,000.0) This program change will support a new competitive grant program to
advance cybersecurity infrastructure capacity and protections within the water sector.
Statutory Authority:
Safe Drinking Water Act.
134
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Recycling Infrastructure
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Safeguard and Revitalize Communities
Objective(s): Reduce Waste and Prevent Environmental Contamination
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S 2.130
S(>,500
S 10.005
SJ.505
Total Budget Authority
$2,136
$6,500
$10,005
$3,505
Total Workyears
0.0
0.5
2.0
1.5
Program Project Description:
EPA's Recycling Infrastructure program provides a critical opportunity to fund a range of high-
impact projects to increase recycling, reduce contamination, and promote a circular economy for
sustainable materials management by making much-needed investments in solid waste
management infrastructure while delivering overall benefits of climate, clean energy, affordable
and sustainable housing, clean water, and other investments to disadvantaged communities. EPA
utilized funding provided by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) to design and
launch the Solid Waste Infrastructure for Recycling (SWIFR) grant program, Through the first
round of funding awarded in FY 2023 and FY 2024, all 50 states, five territories, and the District
of Columbia received approximately $32 million in funding; 25 local governments received
approximately $73 million in funding, and 59 tribes and intertribal consortia received
approximately $60 million in funding. Continuing to support the SWIFR grant program through
annual appropriations is critical to ensuring ongoing support for solid waste management
improvements into the future.
The U.S. recycling industry provides approximately 680 thousand jobs and $5.5 billion annually
in tax revenues and there is opportunity for greater contribution to the economy and
environmental protection, as recent data indicate materials worth as much as nine billion dollars
are thrown away each year.88 Recycling is an important part of a circular economy, which refers
to a system of activities that is restorative to the environment, enables resources to maintain their
highest values, and designs out waste. A circular economy approach provides direct, measurable
reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as natural resource extraction and processing
make up approximately 50 percent of total GHG emissions.89
Federal investment continues to be needed in the U.S. recycling system. The U.S. solid waste
management infrastructure is struggling to maintain pace with rapidly evolving waste streams,
leading to inefficient use of domestic resources.
88 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/siiim/recycliiig-economic-iiifoniiation-rei-report.
89 U.N. Environment International Resource Panel, Global Resources Outlook, 2019, p. 8.
https://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/global-resources-outlook.
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Working to build a circular economy supports President Biden's Executive Order 14008: Tackling
the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. Improving and enhancing recycling infrastructure will
reduce climate impacts from materials extraction and production, address disproportionate impacts
of mismanagement of wastes on overburdened communities, create jobs, and provide feedstock
for the manufacturing sector to produce essential products.
The 10-year vision for the circular economy program is to build and transform solid waste
infrastructure in the United States to equitably reduce waste and manage materials to achieve a
circular economy, reduce GHG emissions, and create cleaner, healthier, and more resilient
communities.90
In FY 2023, EPA issued three types of funding opportunities within the SWIFR grant program,
which are designed to fund a range of projects that will enable EPA to help states, territories, tribes,
local governments, and communities improve their recycling and materials management
infrastructure:
SWIFR Grants for States and Territories provide states and territories with grants to
support their long-term planning and data collection needs to demonstrate progress toward
the National Recycling Goal of increasing the recycling rate from 32.1 percent to 50
percent by 2030, and the Food Loss and Waste Reduction Goal to reduce food loss and
waste by 50 percent by 2030, while also advancing a circular economy for recycled
materials. Territories will be able to utilize funds for equipment and construction related
costs as part of their implementation of plans.
SWIFR Grants for Tribes and Intertribal Consortia provide funds for tribes and
intertribal consortia to develop or update plans focused on encouraging environmentally
sound post-consumer materials management; establish, increase, or expand materials
management infrastructure: and identify, establish, or improve end-markets for the use of
recycled materials.
SWIFR Grants for Communities provide funds to local governments to establish,
increase, expand, or optimize collection and improve materials management infrastructure;
reduce contamination in the recycled materials stream; and identify, establish, or improve
end-markets for the use of recycled materials.
FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 6/Objective 6.2, Reduce Waste and Prevent
Environmental Contamination in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan.
In FY 2025, EPA requests an additional $3.5 million and 1.5 FTE to further assist EPA's partners
to achieve progress on the ground with investments in solid waste management infrastructure and
post-consumer materials management. The SWIFR Grant Program will further help reduce waste,
reduce greenhouse emissions, increase disadvantaged communities' access to recycling programs
and services, and create jobs. In FY 2025, the Agency will:
90 For more information, please refer to: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-
09/EPA Circular Economy Progress jlepoit Sept 2022.pdf.
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Continue to distribute funds to states and territories made available in IIJA and STAG
annual appropriations and continue working with recipients.
Continue to distribute funds made available in IIJA and STAG annual appropriations to
tribes and intertribal consortia and continue working with them on implementation of their
grants.
Continue to distribute funds made available in IIJA and STAG annual appropriations to
political subdivisions of states and tribes and continue working with them on
implementation of their grants.
Continue working with other EPA program offices to scope, develop, and offer technical
assistance through grants funded through the annual appropriation.
Provide oversight and monitoring to ensure grant funds are spent appropriately.
Announce availability of additional grant funds for eligible entities.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
(+$3,505.0 / +1.5 FTE) This program change increases support for states, territories, tribes,
intertribal consortia, and political subdivisions of states for technical assistance in
managing SWIFR grants and to make additional grant funds available to eligible entities.
This investment includes the addition of 1.5 FTE to the 0.5 FTE funded through the
administrative set-aside in the FY 2023 Enacted Budget. The FTE will assist in the
management of the technical assistance grant programs and oversight of SWIFR grants.
EPA is including appropriations language to reflect the increase needed to the
administrative set-aside. This investment includes $274.0 thousand for payroll.
Statutory Authority:
Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act § 3011;
Save our Seas 2.0, 2020, Pub. L. 116-224; Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-
58.
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Wildfire Smoke Preparedness
Program Area: State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Goal: Ensure Clean and Healthy Air for All Communities
Objective(s): Reduce Exposure to Radiation and Improve Indoor Air
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2023
Final Actuals
FY 2024
Annualized
CR
FY 2025
President's
Budget
FY 2025 President's
Budget v.
FY 2024 Annualized
CR
S/n/f and Tribal Assistance (irants
S3M)
s '.mm
S',000
SO
Total Budget Authority
$330
$7,000
$7,000
$0
Total Workyears
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Program Project Description:
The Wildfire Smoke Preparedness Program, which was funded for the first time in the FY 2022
appropriations, awards competitive grant funding to better prepare community buildings for
wildfire smoke. These grants are intended to be distributed on a competitive basis to states, tribes,
public pre-schools, local educational agencies, and non-profit organizations. No more than 25
percent of the available funding may go to recipients in any one state. There is a 10 percent cost-
share requirement, which may be waived for projects involving facilities located in economically
distressed communities. Eligible activities may include research, investigations, experiments,
demonstrations, surveys, and studies intended for the assessment, prevention, control, or
abatement of wildfire smoke hazards in community buildings (including schools) and related
activities.
Wildfire smoke is an increasingly significant public health problem across the nation as climate
change accelerates and intensifies fires. Over the past 20 years, the number of acres burned
annually due to wildfires in the U.S. has doubled; in 2022, nearly 66,000 fires burned over 7.5
million acres.91 Smoke plumes can have impacts over a large portion of our population, and the
health impacts of wildfire smoke are significant, ranging from eye and throat irritation to asthma
attacks, cardiovascular events, and even premature death. Many communities in the U.S.
experience smoke from wildfires for days, weeks, or even months in a given year and over multiple
fire seasons.
Wildfire smoke can make the outdoor air unhealthy to breathe. Local officials often advise people
to stay indoors during a smoke event. However, some of the smoke from outdoors can enter homes
and buildings and make it unhealthy to breathe indoor air, too. Buildings are varied and do not all
provide the same level of protection against smoke. Factors such as the type of heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC) system, HVAC filter ratings and fit, and building tightness and
maintenance can all impact how much wildfire smoke enters a building.
91 For more information please visit: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoriiig/monthly-report/fire/202213
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FY 2025 Activities and Performance Plan:
Work in this program directly supports Goal 4/Objective 4.2, Reduce Exposure to Radiation and
Improve Indoor Air in the FY 2022 - 2026 EPA Strategic Plan. In FY 2025, EPA will monitor
ongoing wildfire preparedness in community buildings grants and award new grants with
appropriated funding.
Performance Measure Targets:
EPA's FY 2025 Annual Performance Plan does not include annual performance goals specific to
this program.
FY 2025 Change from FY 2024 Annualized CR (Dollars in Thousands):
There is no change in program funding.
Statutory Authority:
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Pub. L. 117-328).
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