Crosswalk between the Inventory U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by U.S. State: 1990-2019 and the State Inventory Tool (SIT) (1/31/22 edition

March 7, 2022

Crosswalk between the Inventory U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by U.S. State: 1990-2019 and the

State Inventory Tool (SIT) (1/31/22 edition)

The EPA recognizes that a number of states rely on the State Inventory Tool (SIT) to prepare their state GHG inventory Estimates.
The SIT includes default activity data and estimates that states can use as a starting point for compiling a state-level GHG inventory.
The default data included in SIT is based on EPA's national Inventory. However, some differences exist between default data in SIT
and the first annual Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Sinks by State: 1990-2019 (hereafter GHG Inventory by U.S.

State) estimates due to differences in methods, data and level of completeness. For example, for industrial processes and product
use (IPPU) sector, SIT has limited state-specific default data and instead encourages users to enter data/estimates including from
EPA's GHGRP. In some cases, in SIT, state-level data has been unavailable (e.g., because it is confidential business data, or the use of
national level modeling that currently does not provide state-level outputs) or lags in state data compared to availability of national
level data. Therefore, the default approaches in SIT may not fully reflect the latest updates for some categories (e.g., use of GHGRP
data) and may not reflect all industrial categories reflected in the national Inventory for which methods are provided in the 2006
IPCC Guidelines and its refinements/supplements. In addition, the SIT provides two alternate approaches to estimating emissions
(calculating CO2 from transportation based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and calculating emissions from electricity consumption),
which are not based on national Inventory methods. Table 1 below provides a detailed crosswalk and summary of key differences
where methods/data, and or completeness differ by IPCC sector/category.

The version of SIT published in February 2022 (1/31/22 edition), includes several updates that bring it in closer alignment with the
GHG Inventory by U.S. State including the addition of 2019 data, updating default activity data and emissions factors across all
sectors, and moving to regional apportionment of ODS substitutes. EPA is currently evaluating how to use the additional state level
data and/or methodological approaches available through the national Inventory disaggregation to supplement or improve the
embedded calculations and defaults in SIT. SIT users will retain the ability to customize the tool with their own data in lieu of using
defaults. EPA will continue to coordinate with states agencies and organizations currently using SIT on how to prioritize and
implement updates to SIT.

Table 1. Crosswalk Between the GHG Inventory by State and State Inventory Tool Methods and Data by IPCC Sector/Category

IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Energy

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Fossil Fuel Combustion
Transportation
Electric Power
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
U.S. Territories

C02

Y

Mostly Y with some
differences in
adjustments

The main differences between the SIT and GHG Inventory U.S. State
totals are:

SIT does not currently subtract energy used in IPPU from the Energy
results.

SIT includes non-energy uses of fossil fuels with fossil fuel combustion.

SIT includes an optional module to estimate emissions associated with
electricity consumption

SIT provides an alternate approach to estimating C02 emissions from
transportation based on vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

* (Exploring ways to
include industrial sector
energy adjustments in
SIT)

Non-Energy Use of Fossil
Fuels

co2

Y

Y

Included with Fossil Fuel Consumption in SIT.

NA

Stationary Combustion
(excluding C02)

ch4, n2o,

Y

Y

SIT uses IPCC default emission factors for electric power sector and GHG
Inventory U.S. State uses factors by fuel and combustion type.

*(SIT will switch to
emissions factors by fuel
and combustion type.)

Mobile Combustion
(excluding C02)

ch4, n2o,

Y

Y

SIT activity data includes jet fuel bunkers

*(EPA will update bunker

fuel data to match the
Fossil Fuel Combustion C02
module.)

Coal Mining

ch4

Y

Y

SIT uses an apportionment approach for underground mine emissions
for 1991 and 1992 as data were previously unavailable.

EPA plans to update activity
data for 1991 and 1992 in
SIT.

Abandoned Underground
Coal Mines

ch4

Y

Y

SIT uses the same general method as the GHG Inventory U.S. State but
calculates emissions on an individual mine-by-mine basis. The AMM
model used for the national Inventory and the GHG Inventory U.S. State
uses @Risk Monte Carlo simulation software and estimates emissions
by basin, state, and abandoned mine status type, resulting in slightly
different estimates.

NA

Petroleum Systems

co2, ch4,
n2o

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for all states for all sources. Different
approach for vented and flared gas. Different years of data.

*

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Natural Gas Systems

co2, ch4,
n2o

P

N

Not all GHG Inventory U.S. State sources included in SIT (e.g., meters in
distribution segment). SIT includes gathering and gas processing under
transmission. In GHG Inventory U.S. State they are included under
production and processing. Different approach for vented and flared
gas. Different years of data.

*, A

Abandoned Oil and Gas
Wells

co2, ch4

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Incineration of Waste

co2, ch4,
n2o,

Y

Y

Included in SIT Waste module.

NA

Wood Biomass and
Biofuels Consumption
(memo item)



N

N

NA

NA

International Bunker Fuels
(memo item)



P

Y

SIT bunker fuel calculations are completed in the FFC02 module.

NA

Industrial Processes and Product Use

Cement Production

co2

Y

Y for 1990-2009
N for 2010-2019

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP emissions data adjusted for CEMS
for 2010-2019.

*

Lime Production

co2

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for all states for all years

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses facility count to disaggregate emissions
for 1990-2009 and GHGRP emissions adjusted for CEMS for 2010-2019.

*

Glass Production

co2

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT. Some emissions could be
partially reflected in SIT in estimating emissions for soda ash
consumption.

A

Other Process Uses of
Carbonates

co2

P

N

SIT includes under Limestone and Dolomite Use and does not include
soda ash. Note: GHG Inventory U.S. State 1990-2020 is moving
magnesium produced from dolomite (only applicable to WA) to
Magnesium Production, per 2006 IPCC GLs.

SIT includes soda ash consumption emissions with production, instead
of in Other Process Uses of Carbonates which GHG Inventory U.S. State
does.

*(EPA is evaluating moving

and/or relabeling these
categories within SIT to be
consistent with the GHG
Inventory by State.)

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Ammonia Production

C02

Y

Y, similar for 1990-

2009
N, differ for 2010-
2019

For 1990-2009, GHG Inventory U.S. State and SIT use the same USGS
capacity data but SIT allocates state production by multiplying state %
by national production and assumes all feedstock is natural gas whereas
the GHG Inventory U.S. State multiplies state % by the national GHGI
emissions, which accounts for differences in emissions from production
using natural gas and petroleum coke. GHG Inventory U.S. State doesn't
account for pet coke more granularly yet (1 facility in KS). The GHG
Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP emissions data for 2010-2019.

*

Urea Consumption for
Non-Agricultural Purposes

co2

Y

N

The GHG Inventory by U.S. State allocates emissions based on
populations data and SIT assumes the same percentage as agricultural
urea use.

*

Nitric Acid Production

n2o

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for relevant states for all years

*

AdipicAcid Production

n2o

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for relevant states for all years

*

Caprolactam, Glyoxal, and
Glyoxylic Production

n2o

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

Note, GHG Inventory U.S. State only includes emissions from
caprolactam. When glyoxal and glyoxylic acid are included in the
national Inventory, they will be added also to the GHGI by State.

A

Carbide Production and
Consumption

co2, ch4

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Titanium Dioxide
Production

co2

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Soda Ash Production

co2

Y

Y except for
emissions from soda
ash consumption

Emissions from production are calculated using the same data and
method. SIT includes soda ash consumption emissions with production,
instead of in Other Process Uses of Carbonates as allocated in the GHGI
by US State.

*

Petrochemical Production

co2, ch4

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

HCFC-22 Production

HFC-23

P



Default production data is not available in SIT.

*

Carbon Dioxide
Consumption

C02

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Phosphoric Acid
Production

C02

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Iron and Steel Production
& Metallurgical Coke
Production

co2, ch4

P

N

SIT includes data on total steel production from AISI for 1997-2010 (and
proxies 2010 data through current year). Data is available for some
states directly and some as groups of states. SIT averages production by
type and across groups of states evenly.

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses similar AISI data for 1990-2010 but
allocates across groups of states based on census data. For 2010-2019
GHG Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP data to allocate including more
detail on process types e.g., BOF/EAF split.

*

Ferroalloy Production

co2, ch4

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Aluminum Production

co2, cf4,
c2f6

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for relevant States for all years.

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP data, and historical Voluntary
aluminum Industry Partnership and production capacity to allocate to
the states. The SIT tool is based on national averages of emission
factors and technology type. The SIT tool does give the user the ability
to import GHGRP data for 2010+; state emissions should be the same
for 2010+ if this feature is used.

*

Magnesium Production
and Processing

co2,

HFCs, SF6

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for all states for all years The SIT tool
is based on national averages of emission factors, magnesium
production and technology type.

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP data, and historical data from the
SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for the Magnesium Industry and are
based on reported SF6 consumption. GHGI by State also include process
types that are not included in the SIT, including wrought, anode and
permanent.

""(production data)
A (process types)

Lead Production

C02

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Zinc Production

C02

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Electronics Industry

n2o,

HFCs,
PFCs, SF6,

nf3

Y

N

GHG Inventory U.S. State uses GHGRP data, historical PFC reduction
partnership data, and production capacity data to develop national
estimates and disaggregate to the state. The SIT tool uses the values of
state and national semiconductor shipments.

*

Substitution of Ozone
Depleting Substances

HFCs,
PFCs

Y

Y

NA

NA

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Electrical Transmission and
Distribution

sf6

Y

N

The GHG Inventory U.S. State uses transmission miles and GHGRP data
to allocate to the states. The SIT tool uses state and national electricity
sales.

*

N20 from Product Uses

n2o

N

N

This source category is not included in SIT.

A

Agriculture

Enteric Fermentation

ch4

Y

Y (SIT state-level
emission factors as
based on national
Inventory outputs)

NA

NA

Manure Management

ch4, n2o

Y

Y (SIT simplifies waste
management system
categories into dry
versus liquid)

NA

NA

Rice Cultivation

ch4

Y

N

For the GHG Inventory by U.S. State, EPA is implementing a combination
of IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 3 approaches, utilizing the Daycent process
model to run Tier 3 components. The SIT tool simplifies the calculation
between ratoon and primary area of rice, multiplied by a seasonal
emission factor.

*

Liming

co2

Y

Y

NA

NA

Urea Fertilization

co2

Y

Y

NA

NA

Field Burning of
Agricultural Residues

ch4, n2o

Y

Y

NA

NA

Agricultural Soil
Management

n2o

P

N

Default data is not available in SIT for all crops for all years.

For the GHG Inventory by U.S. State, EPA is implementing a combination
of IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 3 approaches, utilizing Daycent process model to
run Tier 3 components. SIT uses a version of the Tier 1 method for both
Direct and Indirect N20 emissions estimation.

*

Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry

Forest Land Remaining
Forest Land

co2, ch4,
n2o,

Y

Y

NA

NA

Changes in Forest Carbon
Stocks

COz

Y

Y

SIT Tool provides estimation for "Wood Products and Landfills".

The GHG Inventory by U.S. State does not currently include data for
harvested wood products at the state-level.

NA

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Non-CC>2 Emissions from
Forest Fires

ch4, n2o

Y

P

For the GHG Inventory by U.S. State, non-C02 emissions from forest fires
includes emissions from both forest land remaining forest land and land
converted to forest land because it is not possible to report them
separately at this time.

Default activity data (acres burned) is not available in SIT, states must
enter this data to calculate emissions.

*









These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.



N2O Emissions from Forest
Soils

n2o

N

N

For the GHG Inventory by U.S. State, N20 emissions from forest soils
includes emissions from both forest land remaining forest land and land
converted to forest land because it is not possible to report them
separately at this time.

NA









These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.



Non-CC>2 Emissions from
Drained Organic Soils

ch4, n2o

N

N

For the GHG Inventory by U.S. State, non-C02 emissions from drained
organic soils includes emissions from both forest land remaining forest
land and land converted to forest land because it is not possible to
report them separately at this time.

NA

Land Converted to Forest
Land

co2

Y

Y

NA

NA

Changes in Forest Carbon
Stocks

co2

Y

Y

NA

NA

Cropland Remaining
Cropland

co2

Y

N

SIT aggregates soil carbon flux from cropland remaining cropland, land
converted to cropland, grassland remaining grassland, and land
remaining grassland. These categories are listed as "Ag Soil C Flux" in
SIT.

*









SIT provides default state data which has been apportioned to states
based on the last year of available (2015) state-level data from the



Changes in Mineral and
Organic Soil Carbon Stocks

co2

Y

N

*

Land Converted to
Cropland

co2

Y

N

national GHGI. For the GHG Inventory U.S. State, EPA apportioned states
based on the last three (3) years of available state data.

*

Changes in all Ecosystem
Carbon Stocks

co2

Y

N



*

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Grassland Remaining
Grassland

co2, ch4,
n2o,

Y

N



*

Changes in Mineral and
Organic Soil Carbon Stocks

co2

Y

N

*

Non-CC>2 Emissions from
Grassland Fires

ch4, n2o

N

N

A

Land Converted to
Grassland

co2

Y

N

*

Changes in All Ecosystem
Carbon Stocks

co2

Y

N

*

Wetlands Remaining
Wetlands

co2, CH4,

n2o

N

N

These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.

A

Changes in Organic Soil
Carbon Stocks in Peatlands

co2,

N

N

Changes in Biomass, DOM,
and Soil

Carbon Stocks in Coastal
Wetlands

co2,

N

N

CH,t Emissions from Coastal
Wetlands

Remaining Coastal Wetlands

ch4

N

N

N2O Emissions from Coastal
Wetlands

Remaining Coastal Wetlands

n2o

N

N

Non-C02 Emissions from
Peatlands
Remaining Peatlands

ch4, n2o

N

N

Land Converted to
Wetlands

co2, ch4

N

N

These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.

A

Changes in Biomass, DOM,
and Soil
Carbon Stocks

co2

N

N

CH,t Emissions from Land
Converted to
Coastal Wetlands

ch4

N

N

Settlements Remaining
Settlements

co2, n2o

p

See below

See below.

See below

Changes in Organic Soil
Carbon Stocks

co2

N

N

These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.

A

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Changes in Settlement Tree
Carbon

Stocks (i.e., urban trees)

C02

Y

Y

NA

NA

Changes in Yard Trimming and
Food

Scrap Carbon Stocks in
Landfills (LFYTFS)

C02

Y

Y

NA

NA

N2O Emissions from
Settlement Soils

N20

Y

N

For N20 emissions from Settlement Soils, SIT calculation is based on the
Total Synthetic Fertilizer Applied to Settlements. The GHG Inventory by
U.S. State is based on the amount of N in synthetic commercial
fertilizers applied to settlement soils, the amount of N in biosolids
applied to non-agricultural land and surface disposal, and the area of
drained organic soils within settlements. EPA apportioned states based
on the last three (3) years of available state data.

*

Land Converted to
Settlements

C02

N

N

These source and sink categories are not included in SIT.

A

Changes in all Ecosystem
Carbon Stocks

C02

N

N

Waste

Landfills (municipal and
industrial)

ch4,

P

N

Municipal: SIT default data are based on national landfilling rates and
state population. GHGI by State uses GHGRP data that is scaled up to
account for non-reporting landfills.

Industrial: SIT uses a percent of MSW emissions to estimate industrial
landfill emissions (default is 7%). GHGI by State uses production
volumes of pulp & paper, fruit & vegetables, and meat which is
multiplied by a country and sector specific disposal factor and then used
to calculate CH4 emissions.

*

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IPCC Sector/Source and/or
Sink category

Gas(es)

Included
in SIT
(Y/N/P)

Uses same data/
method (Y/N)

Key Differences

Plans to align SIT with GHG
Inventory by U.S. State
data

Wastewater T reatment
(domestic and industrial)

ch4, n2o,

Note: The national Inventory wastewater emissions are estimated using
2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines which includes refined
methods and emission factors, but also now includes not only CH4 but
also N20 emissions from Industrial wastewater treatment.

Domestic: GHG Inventory U.S. State downscales national Inventory
estimates by state-level population or share of U.S. population.

Industrial: SIT default data is not available for all industrial sources. The
GHG Inventory U.S. State allocates national emissions for each industry
based on state share of national production. The GHG Inventory U.S.
State includes additional industries, i.e., both CH4 and N20 emissions
from treatment of industrial wastewater from petroleum refining and
breweries, and also CH4 emissions were also estimated for treating
industrial wastewater from starch-based ethanol production.

Composting

ch4, n2o

This source category is not included in SIT.

Anerobic Digestion at
Biogas Facilities

ch4

This source category is not included in SIT.

Key for Table Notations

P (Partial): Indicates a source is partially included in SIT, i.e., some but not all emissions within that source can be estimated by the tool and/or default activity
data is missing or incomplete.

*: EPA is exploring potential to use GHG Inventory by U.S. State estimates to improve default data. States using the tool can opt to use GHG Inventory by U.S. State
data or estimate using updated state-specific data if available.

A: EPA is evaluating adding this source to SIT. In the interim, we recommend states manually add totals from the GHG Inventory by U.S. State to SIT as "other."

For more information, please visit the following:

• Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State: 1990-2019
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals

• State Inventory Tool
https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/state-inventorv-and-proiection-tool

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