A EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
(UCMR 6)
Held April 17 and 18, 2024 USEPA, Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water
Office of Water (MLK 140)
EPA 815-A-24-001
April 2024
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Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6)
EPA
iii
Pre-Proposal Public Webinar
April 17 and 18,2024
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water,
Standards and Risk Management Division,
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
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Welcome
Eric Burneson, Director
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 2 of 419
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Logistics and General Meeting Information
Melissa Simic
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 3 of 419
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Webinar Tips
Webinar Slides
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Slides were also emailed to all registered participants
Contain all content that will be discussed
Webinar Audio
Webinar lines are muted to minimize background noise (listen-only mode)
Webinar Support
Send email to UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com
e.g.,"I can hear you speaking, but I cannot see the slides."
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 4 of 419
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Questions Specific to this Presentation
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^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 5 of 419
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General Meeting Information
Purpose
Provide an opportunity for the public to learn and discuss potential
approaches to developing the proposal for the sixth Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6):
Analytical methods and contaminants being considered
Sampling design
Laboratory approval
Other possible requirements
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 6 of 419
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Agenda
APRIL 17 & 18, 2024
TOPICS
11:00 a.m.
Sign-in
Welcome
Logistics and General Meeting Information
Overview of the SDWA Regulatory Process and UCMR
UCMR 6 Potential Approaches
UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement
~12:15 p.m.
Break
General Guidelines Used in the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method Development and Application
Anticipated Process for Approval of Laboratories Supporting UCMR 6
UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and Rationale
~1:45 p.m.
Break
~2:00 p.m.
Open Forum and Discussion
Closing Remarks/Adjourn
A United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency siide7of4i9
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Open Discussion
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^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
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Slide 8 of 419
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Overview of the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) Regulatory Process and UCMR
Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 9 of 419
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Overview
Regulatory background for UCMR and relationship to other Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) programs
Contaminant Candidate List (CCL)
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)
UCMR objective
History and general process of UCMR
Regulatory Determination
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)
Six-Year Review
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 10 of 419
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Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Enacted in 1974, SDWA authorized the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to set enforceable health standards for contaminants in drinking water
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)
1986 SDWA amendments were the basis for the original "UCM" program
State drinking water programs managed the original UCM program
1996 SDWA amendments changed the process of developing and reviewing
NPDWRs
CCL
UCMR (EPA-managed implementation)
Regulatory Determination
Six-Year Review
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 11 of 419
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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes
Pt-MR
Recultc
Regulatory
Determination
Preliminary
Regulatory
Determination
Final Regulatory
Determinations
UCMR
No further action if decision
is to not regulate
May develop health advisory
Public Review arid Comment
Research Needs Assessment
Review
5i)'-Year Review of
Existing WPPWRs
Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.
&EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 12 of 419
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Contaminant Candidate List (CCL)
SDWA 1412(b)(1)(B) requires the EPA to establish a list of
contaminants that are:
Not subject to any proposed or promulgated NPDWR
Known or anticipated to occur in PWSs
May require regulation under SDWA
List must be published every five years
The Final CCL 5 was published November 14, 2022 and includes 66
chemicals, three chemical groups, and 12 microbial contaminants
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 13 of 419
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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes
Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment
Regulatory
Rule
Review
CCL
Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 14 of 419
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Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)
SDWA Section 1445(a)(2), establishes the requirements of the UCMR Program:
Issue a list of no more than 30 priority unregulated contaminants in drinking water, once
every five years
Require large PWSs serving a population more than 10,000 people to monitor
Require small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 to monitor; ensure that only a
nationally representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people
monitor
Limitations: subject to the availability of appropriations and sufficient laboratory capacity to
accommodate the analysis
Make analytical results publicly available in the National Contaminant Occurrence
Database for drinking water (NCOD)
The EPA funds shipping and analytical costs for small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer
The EPA manages the program in partnership with states, Tribes, and Territories
(hereafter referred to as "states") that volunteer to assist
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 15 of 419
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Objective of the UCMR Program
Collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data for
unregulated contaminants that may warrant regulation under SDWA
Consider data collected as part of future EPA decisions on actions to protect
public health
Provide data to states, local governments, and to the public for their use in
decisions regarding public health protection
National occurrence data publicly available:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 16 of 419
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History
of UCMR
UCMR 1 (2001-2005)
UCMR 2 (2007-2011)
UCMR 3 (2012-2016)
UCMR 4 (2017-2021)
UCMR 5 (2022-2026)
PWSs collect samples 2023-2025
UCMR 6 (2027-2031)
Anticipating proposal mid-late 2025 and final rule late 2026
Anticipating sample collection 2028-2030
Each new UCMR cycle is established via a revision to the rule for the ongoing/preceding cycle
Sr<"5*
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 245/Monday, December 27, 2021/Rules and Regulations 73131
|FR Due. 2D21-2755G Filed 12-23-21; B:4: am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY
40 CFR Part 141
[EPA-HG-OW-2020-0530: FRL-6791-03-
OW]
RIN 2040-AFB9
Revisions to the Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule {UCMR
5) for Public Water Systems and
Announcement of Public Meetings
AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule and notice of public
meetings.
available electronically through https://
www.regulations.gov,
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Brenda D. Bowden, Standards and Risk
Management Division (SRMD), Office of
Ground Water and Drinking Water
(OGWDW) (MS 140], Environmental
Protection Agency. 26 West Martin
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati. Ohio
45268; telephone number: (513) 569-
7961: email address;: boivden.iire'itda'S
epa.gov; or Melissa Simic, SRMD,
OGWDW (MS 140). Environmental
Protection Agency. 26 West Martin
Luther King Drive. Cincinnati, Ohio
45263: telephone number: (513) 569-
7364: email address: simicjnelissaฎ
epa.gov. For general information, visit
the Ground Water and Drinking Water
web page at: itffpsyAvvviv.epa.gov/
ground-water-and-drinking-water.
IV, Description of Final Rule and Summary
of Responses to Public Comments
A. What contaminants must be monitored
under UCMR S?
1. This Final Rule
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses
a. Agtpegate PFAS Measure
b. Legionella Pneumophila
c. Haloacetonatriles
d. 1,2.3-Trichloropropane
B. What is the L'CMR 5 sampling design?
1. This Final Rule
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses
C. What is the sampling frequency and
timing?
1. This Final Rule
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses
D. Where are the sampling locations and
what is representative monitoring?
1. This Final Rule
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 17 of 419
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General Process for Developing UCMR
Early public meetings
Provide background on statutory requirements
Discuss current/prospective method availability for emerging contaminants
Discuss anticipated elements of the proposal
Develop proposed rule and publish in the (FR)
The agency typically provides a 60-day public comment period
Public meeting during public comment period
Develop final rule and publish in the FR
Public meetings after final rule publication to prepare for
implementation
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 18 of 419
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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes
Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment
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Regulatory Determinations
Every five years, the Administrator shall, after notice of the preliminary
determination and opportunity for public comment, for not fewer than
five contaminants included on the CCL, make determinations on whether
to regulate such contaminants.
SDWA requires the EPA to publish a maximum contaminant level goal
(MCLG) and promulgate a NPDWR for a contaminant if the Administrator
determines that:
1. The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons;
2. The contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial likelihood that the
contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of
public health concern; and
3. In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of such contaminant
presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by
public water systems.
*SDWA Section 1412(b)(1)
&EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 20 of 419
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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes
Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment
Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 21 of 419
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National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
(NPDWRs)
For each contaminant that the Administrator decides to regulate, the
Administrator shall publish MCLGs and promulgate, by rule, NPDWRs. The
Administrator shall:
Propose the MCLG and NPDWRs for a contaminant no later than 24 months after
the determination to regulate
Publish an MCLG and promulgate a NPDWR within 18 months after the proposal
thereof
A NPDWR shall take effect three years after the date on which the regulation is
promulgated. The Administrator, or a state, may allow this period to be
extended up to two additional years if it determines that additional time is
necessary for capital improvements
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 22 of 419
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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes
CCL
Regulatory
Determination
~
Ek
No further action if decision
is to not regulate
May develop health advisory
24
months
Rule
Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment
Six-Year Review of
Existing WPDWRs
Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 23 of 419
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Six-Year Review
SDWA Section 1412(b)(9) requires review and revision, as
appropriate, of each NPDWR no less often than every six years. The
review includes:
Re-evaluation of health effects, occurrence, exposure, drinking water
analytical methods, treatment feasibility, risk-balancing, and
implementation issues
Any revision of a NPDWR shall maintain, or provide for greater,
protection of the health of people
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 24 of 419
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UCMR 6 Potential
Approaches
Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 25 of 419
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Overview
Timeline
PWS types
Sampling design considerations
Approach to tiered monitoring
Assessment Monitoring (AM)
Screening Survey (SS)
Pre-Screen Testing (PST)
Applicability
Sampling frequency and locations
Implementation roles
EPA
States
Small PWSs
Large PWSs
Potential changes between UCMR 5
and UCMR 6
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 26 of 419
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Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Development
2024
2025
2026
Publish Final Rule
Method Development Federal Register Notice Publish Proposal, 60-day Public Comment
(February 8, 2024) Period, Public Meeting (Mid-Late 2025)
Pre-Proposal Meeting (April 17 & 18, 2024)
Publish UCMR 6 Final Rule (Late 2026)
Post Proposal: Initiate Implementation
Lab Approval
PWS Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System (SDWARS)
registration/notification/inventory
Partnership Agreements (PAs), State Monitoring Plans (SMPs), Small System Inventory
(SSI), Large System Inventory (LSI)
Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan (GWRMP) submittal
Outreach/trainings
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 27 of 419
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Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Activities
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
Pre-monitoring Implementation
Post-monitoring Phase
Continuation of:
Lab Approval
PWS SDWARS
registration/notification/inventory
PAs, SMPs, SSIs, LSIs
GWRMP submittal1
Outreach/trainings
Implementation public meetings
Implementation Activities
Assist PWSs with compliance
Implement small PWS monitoring
Post data quarterly to NCOD
Reporting and Analysis of Data
All PWSs serving 3,300 or more people2
Representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer
than 3,300 people
Complete resampling, as needed
Conclude data reporting
Finalize NCOD
Compliance assistance/
enforcement, as needed
1GWRMP submissions are due six months prior to PWS scheduled monitoring date and could therefore occur during the UCMR 6 monitoring years.
2 Monitoring by all PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people is subject to availability of appropriations and laboratory capacity.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 28 of 419
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UCMR Applicability by PWS Type
Public Water System (PWS): provides water for human consumption through
pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or
serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year
Community Water System (CWS): PWS that supplies water to the same population
year-round
Non-Transient Non-Community Water System (NTNCWS): PWS that supplies
water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year but not year-
round (e.g.,schools)
Transient Non-Community Water System (TNCWS) (not generally included in
UCMR sampling): PWS that provides water where people do not remain for long
periods of time (e.g.,gas stations, campgrounds)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 29 of 419
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Selection of Nationally Representative PWSs
Statistically-based sampling design has been vetted with stakeholders
and peer-reviewed
Data Quality Objectives for the representative sample of PWSs
Provides occurrence data for unbiased national exposure estimates
The statistical design:
Stratifies by PWS size and source water type
Allocates PWSs across the strata proportional to population served with
at least two PWSs allocated to each state
For additional information see the ''Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for the
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 Updated
https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530-Q127
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 30 of 419
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UCMR Approach
UCMR approach relies on using one or more of 3 monitoring tiers
Assessment Monitoring (primary approach to-date, used in UCMR 1 through
UCMR 5)
Screening Survey (used in UCMR 1, UCMR 2, UCMR 3 for a subset of
contaminants)
Pre-Screen Testing (used in UCMR 3 for the viruses)
Based on:
Availability and complexity of drinking water analytical methods
Laboratory capacity
Sampling frequency
Relevant PWSs based on contaminant (e.g., PWS type, source water type)
Other considerations (e.g.,cost/burden)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 31 of 419
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Assessment Monitoring: Statistical Approach
Primary approach - presuming availability of appropriations and lab
capacity America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) expands
participating PWSs to include:
Nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people
Census of small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people
Census of large PWSs serving more than 10,000 people
Nationally-representative sample of small PWSs plus census of PWSs
serving 3,300 or more people provides a powerful tool for assessing
national contaminant occurrence in drinking water
Total number of PWSs included in UCMR 5: ~10,300
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 32 of 419
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Screening Survey: Statistical Approach
Designed to ensure the data can be used to support regulatory
decisions
Account for possible laboratory capacity limitations
Approach used in UCMR 2 and 3 involved:
Nationally representative sample of 800, allocated across PWSs serving
100,000 or fewer people
Census of all PWSs serving more than 100,000 (~450 PWSs)
Total number of PWSs: ~1,250
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 33 of 419
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Pre-Screen Testing
Envisioned for use with methods that are in the early stages of
development, and/or very specialized viruses)
May be conducted by limited number of PWSs identified as
vulnerable (by the EPA and/or state agencies), as was done with
UCMR 3 virus monitoring
Approach can be customized to meet specific monitoring objectives
of a particular UCMR cycle
Sampling design is not necessarily population weighted
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 34 of 419
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Typical UCMR Applicability
PWS Type
PWSs Serving
> 10,000 people
PWSs Serving 3,300 -
10,000 people
PWSs Serving <3,300
people
Assessment
Monitoring
cwsx&
NTNCWS2
All PWSs (~4,400)
All PWSs (~5,200)
(~400 non-AWIA)3
800 randomly selected PWSs
(~400 non-AWIA)3
Screening Survey
CWS & NTNCWS
All PWSs (~450) serving more
than 100,000, and
320 randomly selected PWSs
serving 10,001 to 100,000
480 randomly selected PWSs
Pre-Screen Testing
May be conducted by a limited number of PWSs
1 Community Water System.
2 Non-Transient Non-Community Water System.
3 Assessment Monitoring will convert to the non-AWIA design {i.e., nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people) if the
appropriations (additional $15,000,000 in each fiscal year for which monitoring is required to be carried out) are not received, or sufficient laboratory capacity is not
available.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 35 of 419
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Small PWS Notifications about Participation
The EPA expects to have funding available to support monitoring at
the representative national sample of 800 PWSs serving 10,000 or
fewer people and will notify selected PWSs
The EPA's ability to support monitoring at the census of small PWSs
serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people depends on additional
appropriations. The EPA anticipates that these PWSs will participate
in UCMR 6, but will confirm approximately 6 months prior to their
scheduled sampling
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 36 of 419
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UCMR Sampling Frequency
UCMR 1 through UCMR 5 used similar sampling frequency
Surface Water (SW) - PWSs with surface water sources (including those
using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) sampled
four times during their year of monitoring
Ground Water (GW) - PWSs with ground water sources sampled two
times during their year of monitoring
Specialized sampling frequency was used for focused sample designs
(e.g.,eight sample events for cyanotoxins in UCMR 4)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 37 of 419
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UCMR Sampling Locations
Typical Sampling locations:
Contaminants are generally sampled at the entry points to the PWS's
distribution systems (EPTDSs)
Disinfection byproducts and microbial contaminants are generally sampled at
Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (D/DBPR) distribution system
(DS) locations or at the at the distribution system maximum residence time
(DSMRT) location
Sampling exceptions may be made based on particular contaminants
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 38 of 419
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EPA Implementation Roles
(slide 1 of 2)
Small PWS support:
Maintain laboratory and implementation contracts to support UCMR
Compile contact and inventory information
Manage sample kit distribution and tracking
Large and Small PWS support:
Download data (via SDWARS) and review prior to reporting to NCOD
Support the SDWARS reporting system and users
Update PWS inventory and schedules as needed
Provide technical assistance
Use SDWARS for real-time communication and outreach
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 39 of 419
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EPA Implementation Roles
(slide 2 of 2)
State, PWS, and Laboratory support:
Review and track rule applicability and PWS sampling progress
Manage Laboratory Approval Program
Provide technical support
Coordinate outreach
Lead compliance assistance and enforcement
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 40 of 419
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Extended UCMR Implementation Team
EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW)
Lead organization for direct-implementation of rule
EPA Regional Offices
Coordinate state Partnership Agreements
Assist states and PWSs with UCMR requirements, compliance
assistance, and enforcement
Partnering states
Support various aspects of implementation based on state-specific
interest
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 41 of 419
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States' Role in the UCMR Program
Participation by states is voluntary and documented via Partnership
Agreements
States help the EPA implement the UCMR program and ensure high data
quality
Partnership Agreement activities can include any or all of the following:
Review and revise State Monitoring Plans
Provide inventory and contact information for small and large PWSs
Review proposed Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plans (GWRMPs)
Provide compliance assistance (e.g., notify and instruct systems)
Collect samples
Other
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 42 of 419
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EPA Responsibilities on behalf of Small PWSs
The EPA pays for sample analyses and shipping for PWSs serving
10,000 or fewer people
The EPA coordinates with the UCMR implementation contractor to send
sampling kits to PWSs
The EPA coordinates sample analyses with contracted laboratories
Both the EPA and the UCMR implementation contractor engage
states and PWSs to ensure samples are collected per the designated
schedule
The EPA examines the results along with quality control (QC) data and
makes results available to the respective state and PWS via SDWARS
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 43 of 419
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Small PWS Responsibilities
Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling
requirements [e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, physical
shipping address, additional data elements)
Collect and ship samples according to the monitoring schedule in
SDWARS using the sampling kits, pre-paid shipping label, and
materials provided by EPA
Small PWSs and states have access to results in SDWARS following
EPA review of the data posted by the laboratory
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 44 of 419
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Large PWS Responsibilities
PWSs serving more than 10,000 people arrange and pay for sample
analyses and shipping
PWS coordinates with an EPA-approved UCMR 6 laboratory
Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling
requirements (e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, additional data
elements)
Laboratories post the data to SDWARS
PWS reviews and can act upon (e.g., approve) data in SDWARS
States have access to results following large PWS review period
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 45 of 419
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Potential Change Between
UCMR 5 and UCMR 6 Proposal
The agency anticipates maintaining the approach to rule applicability,
reporting timeframes for laboratories and PWSs, and Ground Water
Representative Monitoring Plan (GRWMP) flexibility
Potential/anticipated revisions (typical of each cycle)
Revised list of contaminants and associated methods
Sampling design considerations
Sampling frequency and locations based on contaminants selected
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 46 of 419
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UCMR 6 Anticipated Public
Engagement
Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 47 of 419
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UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement Overview
Pre-proposal engagement
Method development update and request for comment
Public webinar
Tribal Consultation
State Consultation
Environmental Justice (EJ) considerations
Post-proposal public engagement
Public comment period
Public webinar
Post-final public engagement
Outreach, public webinars and trainings
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 48 of 419
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Pre-proposal: Method Development Update and
Request for Comment
Published Federal Register Notice (FRN)
February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584)
Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on
the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation
that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other
future cycles of the UCMR program
Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods
summarized in the FRN
Announced the UCMR 6 pre-proposal webinar
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 49 of 419
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Pre-Proposal: Public Webinar
April 17 and 18, 2024 (identical meetings)
Provides background on statutory requirements
Summarizes method development for emerging contaminants
Discusses approaches to UCMR 6 development
Includes time for brief remarks by participants
Slides will be uploaded onto the UCMR webpage
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-
monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 50 of 419
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Pre-Proposal: Tribal Consultation
Executive Order (EO) 13175
Consultation period: March 10 to June 20, 2024
The EPA holds an informational webinarto discuss UCMR 6 development and
requests comments by Tribal government representatives
May 20, 2024, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time
Information on the webinar and submitting comments can be found in the UCMR 6 Tribal
Official Notification Letter in TCOTS
Tribes may submit written comments via email at any point in the
consultation period
Summary of consultation efforts will be provided in the UCMR 6
docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469)
Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System (TCOTS):
https://tcots.epa. gov/ords/tcotspub/f?p=106:l
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 51 of 419
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Pre-Proposal: State Consultation
The EPA will hold a meeting to discuss UCMR 6 development
with state drinking water program representatives
The EPA welcomes input on:
What contaminants of emerging concern are a priority in your
state?
Are there any changes your state recommends to the UCMR
monitoring approach?
Summary of state/EPA consultation will be provided in the
UCMR 6 docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 52 of 419
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Pre-Proposal: Environmental Justice (EJ) Considerations
Consistent with EO 12898, the EPA is committed to considering and addressing
potential EJ concerns when developing UCMR 6
By seeking to identify unregulated contaminants that may pose health risks via
drinking water from PWSs across the country UCMR furthers the protection of
public health for all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income
UCMR includes monitoring of a statistically derived set of small PWSs that is
population-weighted within each PWS size category in each state (under this
approach, Tribes (combined) and Territories (combined) are treated as equivalent
to a state). This, along with the census monitoring approach for larger PWSs,
ensures representation for the United States population
For UCMR 6, the EPA anticipates collecting Zip Code(s) for customers served by
each PWS, as has been done since UCMR 3, and is considering other data
collection options to support future assessments of whether or not certain
communities are disproportionately impacted by particular drinking water
contaminants
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 53 of 419
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Post-Proposal: Public Comment Period
Regulations.gov
Your Voice in Federal Decision Making
The EPA anticipates publishing
the UCMR 6 Proposal in
mid/late 2025.
The EPA typically provides a 60-
day comment period
Docket (EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469) / Document
PROPOSED RULE
Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024
View More Documents 84 Share
Document Details
Content
^ Document ID
EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001
Action
&EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 54 of 419
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Post-Proposal: Public Webinar
The EPA anticipates hosting a public webinar during the
public comment period
Expected to describe the UCMR 6 proposal and how to provide
public comments via the UCMR 6 docket
Examples of past meetings materials are on the UCMR
"Meetings and Materials" webpage
UCMR Meeting and Materials:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 55 of 419
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Post-Final Rule: Outreach, Webinars, and Trainings
The EPA anticipates that it will publish the UCMR 6 Final Rule
in late 2026
The agency expects to engage in outreach to help
stakeholders prepare for UCMR 6 implementation
Webinars between 2027-2028
Reviews the final rule and preparation for implementation
Describes the Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System
(SDWARS) and actions PWSs must take to prepare for UCMR 6
monitoring
Discusses accessing data and communicating results
Supporting documents and videos
Check out the UCMR 5 webpage for examples of current materials
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule
Access Results
UCMR 5 Data Finder
o UCMR 5 Data
Finder
Walkthrough
(video) G3
UCMR 5 Data
Summary
UCMR 5 Occurrence
Data Text Files (zip)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 56 of 419
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Break
*ปEPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 57 of 419
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General Guidelines Used in the
U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method
Development and Application
William A. Adams, Ph.D.
U.S. EPA
Standards and Risk Management Division
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Technical Support Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 58 of 419
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Overview
General drinking water
method development process
Methods development
update
Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center Facility
Cincinnati, Ohio
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 59 of 419
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Drinking Water Method Attributes
Preservation
Dechlorination
Storage Stability/Hold Time
Studies
Quality Control
Quantitation Levels
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 60 of 419
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Method Development Considerations
Simplicity
Limit complicated steps
Relatively non-hazardous components
Ease of sample collection
Generally-available instrumentation
Data Quality
Focus on QC to ensure valid data
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 61 of 419
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Laboratory Quality Control
Initial Demonstration of Capability
(IDC)
Demonstration of Low System Background
Precision and Accuracy
Confirmation of ability to quantify at
particular concentrations
Quality Control Sample (QCS) from Second
Source
Ongoing QC
Initial Calibration
Continuing Calibration Check (CCC)
Laboratory/Field Reagent Blank (LRB/FRB)
Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB)
Internal Standards (IS)
Surrogates Standards (SUR)
Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix and
Duplicates (LFSM, LFSMD)
QCS at intervals
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 62 of 419
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Target contaminant
selection
*
Instrument Optimization
Based on scientific literature and
preliminary experiments
Instrument: Analytical column,
eluent, temperature programs, flow,
injection volume, assays
Detectors: Target contaminant MS
tuning, detector settings, probes
System Background -
Laboratory Reagent Blank
(LRB)
Storage Stability Study
Tracks target contaminant
concentrations in preserved tap
water for 5 weeks
Precision and Accuracy
Measurements
Accuracy: Low: 50-150%
Mid/High: 70-130%
Precision: Low: <30%
Mid/High: <20%
Analyzed in three matrixes
Calculate Laboratory's
Quantitation Limit
Lowest Concentration Minimum
Reporting Level (LCMRL) - The
lowest true concentration for which
the future recovery is predicted to
fall between 50% to 150% with 99%
confidence
Multi-Laboratory
Demonstration
At least two outside laboratories
*
EPA Review/
Clearance/Publication
Typical Method
Development
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 63 of 419
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Method Performance Data
Evaluation of Method Performance
Assesses method capability
Demonstrates ruggedness (national implementation)
Demonstration of Low System Background using a Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB)
Laboratory Quantitation Limit
LCMRL - the lowest true concentration, for which the future recovery is predicted to fall between
50% to 150% with 99% confidence
Precision and Accuracy Study in At Least Three Matrixes
Meet percent recovery (%Rec) and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) thresholds
Storage Stability Study
35-day study observing target contaminant loss over time
Multi-Laboratory Validation
At least two additional laboratories or sites evaluate method performance
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 64 of 419
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General Method Flexibility
YES
Analytical columns
Instrument conditions
Detector conditions
Other consumables where allowed
NO
Sample preservation
OC requirements
Extraction procedure
General flexibilities can be superseded by specific information described in the
method text
Following any modification, the laboratory must verify method performance by
repeating IDC, verifying all OC in the method are met, and verifying method
performance in a representative sample matrix
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 65 of 419
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Method Development Update
Published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584)
Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on
the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation
that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other
future cycles of the UCMR program
Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods
summarized in the FRN
Federal Register Notice
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-02-08/pdf/2024-Q2247.pdf
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 66 of 419
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Request for Input on Methods for Emerging Contaminants
The EPA requested information on the following on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584):
Method name and instrumentation
Status of the method {e.g., fully-developed, nearing completion, early development)
Emerging contaminant(s), particularly the CCL 5 contaminants, that can be analyzed with the drinking
water analytical method
Method performance information, such as sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision attainable for
the contaminant(s)
Describe the degree to which the method performance has been validated
Cost, availability, and projected laboratory capacity
Citations for referenced analytical methods, including author(s), title, journal (or other publication),
and date
Contact information for the principal investigator, when available
EPA Method Validation and Peer Review Policies and Guidelines
https://www.epa.gov/measurements-modeling/method-validation-and-peer-review-policies-and-guidelines
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 67 of 419
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EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN
(slide 1 of 2)
Drinking water analytical methods in development to address CCL 5 contaminants
Draft EPA Method 562 - Determination of selected pesticides in drinking water by solid
phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Draft EPA Method for Purgeable Organics - Measurement of purgeable organic
compounds in water by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS)
Draft EPA Method for Legionella - Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection
Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium - Mycobacterium abscessus culture recovery with
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)
Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium by qPCR- Mycobacterium avium and
Mycobacterium intracellular quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 68 of 419
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EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN
(slide 2 of 2)
Drinking water analytical methods in development to address per- and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants
Draft EPA Method(s) for Targeted PFAS - The agency continues to conduct research and
monitor advances and techniques that may improve the ability to measure specific
PFAS
Draft EPA EOF Method - An aggregate/"total PFAS" technique with screening potential
for the determination of extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in drinking water by anion
exchange solid phase extraction and combustion ion chromatography (CIC)
Drinking water analytical methods in development to address other emerging
contaminants
Draft EPA Method for Microplastics - Analysis of microplastics in drinking water using
spectroscopic instrumentation
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 69 of 419
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Methods Request Feder Notice
(FRN) - Comment Summary
The EPA's FRN published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584) requested comments
on methods by April 8, 2024 (though the agency continues to welcome input,
including today, and will consider it as schedules permit)
The EPA received 12 comments
The following contaminants were addressed by commenters: (six EPA methods,
eight EPA methods in development, three external stakeholder methods)
Chemicals - PFAS, microplastics, DBPs, 1,2,3-trichloropropane
Microbes - Legionella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium species
Other public interest contaminants - (i.e.,hexavalent chromium, 6PPD-quinone)
The EPA is currently reviewing comments
A summary of the comments will be provided in the UCMR 6 docket
Instructions for viewing the FRN and related comments can be found on slides 71-74.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 70 of 419
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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket
(slide 1 of 4)
To view comments:
1. Go to
https://www.regulations.gov/
2. Type the Docket ID No. EPA-HQ
OW-2023-0469 into the search
box
An official website of the United States Government. ฃg
Regulations.gov
Your Voice in Federal Decision Making
Make a difference. Snhmit yC.jr comments let vour voice be heard.
What's New on Regulations.gov
New features include the ability to download Agency, Docket, and Public Submission
ฉ Explore
i '
~Dl
-P
Comments Due Soon
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 71 of 419
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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket
(slide 2 of 4)
To view comments:
3. Select the "Hearings,
Meetings, Proceedings,
etc.: Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring
Rule" document
Search
EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469
X
Dockets
Documents
Comments
REFINE DOCUMENTS RESULTS @
SEARCH RESULTS
SORT BY Best Match -
Only show documents open for
comment (1)
Document Type
Supporting & Related Material (83)
Proposed Rule (1)
Posted
DPOSED RULE
Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
^Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001
Comment
Comments Due Apr 8, 2024
SUPPORTING & RELATED MATERIAL
ASTM D3558 - 15 - Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
Last 15 Days (84)
Agency Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-QW-2023-0469-0008
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 72 of 419
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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket
(slide 3 of 4)
To view comments:
4. Select the "Browse
Posted Comments"
tab, which shows
every available
comment
5. Select a comment to
download
PROPOSED RULE
Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024
View More Documents 84
View Related Comments 1
Share ~
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o
Browse Posted Comments 1
^ Document ID
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^ Comments Received
12
More Details ฆป
Content
Action
Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting.
Summary
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging
&EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 73 of 419
-------
Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket
(slide 4 of 4)
To view related UCMR
6 documents:
1. Select the "View
More Documents"
button
PROPOSED RULE
Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024
^^iewMore Documents
View Related Comments 1 Share -ป
Document Details ฆ Browse Posted Comments 1
^ Document ID
EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001
^ Comments Received
12
More Details ~
Content
Action
Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting.
Summary
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 74 of 419
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Anticipated Process for
Approval of Laboratories
Supporting UCMR 6
Paul Grimmett
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 75 of 419
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Overview
Applying for EPA approval to support UCMR
Maintaining approval
Multi-Laboratory UCMR Minimum Reporting Level (MRL)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 76 of 419
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General Expectations
Laboratory Approval Program expected to be similar to the process used for previous
UCMR cycles
Only EPA approved laboratories can analyze UCMR samples collected at PWSs
Approval is by method and by individual laboratory locations
A laboratory may apply for approval for any method(s)
The EPA anticipates that each laboratory analyzing samples from small PWSs (under contract to
EPA) will be required to be approved for all UCMR 6 methods.
Laboratories need to meet:
UCMR 6 approval program criteria
Required equipment criteria
Laboratory performance criteria
Data reporting requirements (including text file format requirements for SDWARS)
The agency expects that laboratories supporting UCMR 6 will need to be approved under
the EPA's program for the UCMR 6 methods, irrespective of whether they are
certified/accredited by a state
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 77 of 419
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Laboratory Approval General Procedure
Upon publication of the UCMR 6 proposal, anticipated in mid/late 2025,
the EPA expects to initiate its UCMR 6 Laboratory Approval Program,
which includes the following:
Step 1: Laboratory submits request for registration materials
Step 2: Laboratory completes registration
Step 3: Laboratory completes application package(s)
Step 4: EPA reviews application package(s)
Step 5: Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies)
Step 6: EPA sends written approval to successful laboratory
Reference - Laboratory Approval Program for UCMR 5:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/laboratorv-approval-program-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-5
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 78 of 419
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Step 1 - Request to Participate
Interested laboratories submit a written request to the UCMR
Laboratory Approval Coordinator at UCMR Lab Approval(g)epa.gov
The EPA provides registration material
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 79 of 419
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Step 2 - Registration
Laboratory completes registration materials, which typically includes:
List of the UCMR methods, for which the laboratory sought approval
Laboratory information
Mailing and shipping address
Contact information
The EPA provides a custom application package based on registration
information, along with a copy of the Laboratory Approval Manual
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 80 of 419
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Step 3 - Application Package
Laboratory completes application package(s)
Separate application for each method
Application package typically includes:
Proof of current drinking water laboratory certification (for select compliance monitoring
methods)
Personnel information
Quality Assurance (QA) information
Information regarding analytical equipment and sample handling procedures
Data submission for each method (e.g., Initial Demonstration of Capability (IDC) study,
Quality Control (QC) sample results, quantification reports)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide si of 419
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Step 4 - Review of Application Package
The EPA reviews application package(s)
If deficiencies are identified the agency gives the laboratory an opportunity to
take corrective actions and submit new application information
If all requested information is present and acceptable, the EPA notifies the
laboratory that they are eligible to participate in corresponding proficiency
testing (PT) studies
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 82 of 419
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Step 5 - Proficiency Testing
The EPA provides method-specific PT samples
Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies):
Analyze PT sample(s) for each contaminant and method
Successfully report PT data to SDWARS using text file format
No PT studies are anticipated after monitoring begins but audits are expected
during monitoring
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 83 of 419
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Step 6 - Written EPA Approval
After successful participation in a PT study for a specific method, the
EPA notifies the laboratory in writing
The EPA posts a list of approved laboratories and associated methods
at: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 84 of 419
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Laboratory Approval Manual
Procedures for obtaining UCMR approval and for revocation of approval
QA requirements
QC requirements
Verification of ability to meet the EPA's quantitation requirements (Method MRL
Confirmation for multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs)
Initial demonstration of capability
Initial calibration
Continuing calibration checks
Surrogate and internal standard criteria
Reagent blanks and fortified blanks
QC samples
Spiked field samples
Field blank criteria (if required by the method)
Sample handling requirements
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 85 of 419
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Typical Criteria for Maintaining Approval
Adhere to QA/QC measures in the methods, rule language, and
the Laboratory Approval Manual
Post occurrence data and required QC data via SDWARS within
prescribed timeframe
Respond to inquires or requests from the Laboratory Approval
Coordinator
Participate and pass on-site and/or paper audits
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 86 of 419
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Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs
The multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs are established:
Using pooled data from multiple laboratories that performed the "Lowest
Concentration Minimum Reporting Level" (LCMRL) studies to identify their
quantitation capability
The EPA set quantifiable reporting limits based on pooled LCMRL results from a multi-
laboratory study
To achieve quality and consistency across all UCMR laboratories, while
allowing for appropriate national laboratory capacity
As low as is feasible (generally); with the EPA's goal to set them lower than
current health reference levels (HRLs) and health advisory concentrations
The EPA will consider raising UCMR MRLs if there is evidence that an
MRL is unattainable/impractical
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 87 of 419
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Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs
The Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRL is the lowest quantitation level that,
with 95% confidence, can be achieved by capable analysts at 75% or
more of the laboratories nationwide using a specified drinking water
analytical method
Each single-laboratory lowest concentration MRL (LCMRL) is the
lowest true concentration for which the future recovery is predicted
to fall, with high confidence (99%), between 50 and 150% recovery
Simultaneous application of precision and accuracy
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 88 of 419
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UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and
Rationale
Rachel Kaiser, Ph.D.
U.S. EPA
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 89 of 419
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Overview
Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5) contaminants
UCMR candidate selection process and rationale
Method considerations
Health and occurrence data and sources
Contaminant specific information by method
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 90 of 419
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Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5)
CCL 5 was published on November 14, 2022 (87 FR 68060)
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0594 at https://www.regulations.gov/
CCL 5 Approach
Build Universe
Screen - Preliminary CCL (PCCL) (starting point for UCMR 6 "universe")
CCL 5 Contaminant Information Sheets (CISs)
Contains health effects and occurrence data collected through December 2019 for
contaminants
CCL Classification
The Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) Approach
https://www.epa.gov/ccl/overview-ccl-5-approach
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 91 of 419
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PCCL 5 Individual Chemical
Contaminants (slide 1 of 2)
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Acephate
Bisphenol A
Cobalt (UCMR 3)
EPTC (UCMR 1)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)
Acetamiprid
Boron
Cotinine
Esfenvalerate
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Boscalid
Cycloate
Ethalfluralin
1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3)
Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2)
Bromacil
Cyfluthrin
Ethion
1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-)
Acetophenone
Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011) (UCMR 3)
Cyhalothrin
Ethoprop (UCMR 4)
1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3)
Acrolein
Bromoxynil
Cypermethrin
Famoxadone
17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3)
Acyclovir
Bupropion
Cyprodinil
Fenbuconazole
17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3)
Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Deethylatrazine
Fenitrothion
1-Butanol (UCMR 4)
Alachlor OA (UCMR 2)
Caffeine
Desisopropyl atrazine
Fenpropathrin
1-O-Benzoylhexopyranuronic acid
Aldrin
Calcium
Desvenlafaxine
Fenthion
1-Phenylacetone
alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4)
Camphor
Diazepam
Fexofenadine
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Ametryn
Carbamazepine
Diazinon1 (UCMR 1)
Fipronil
2,4-Dichlorophenol1 (UCMR 1)
Ammonia
Carbaryl
Dicamba
Fluconazole
2,4-Dinitrophenol1 (UCMR 1)
Androstenedione (UCMR 3)
Carbendazim
Dichlorvos
Flufenacet
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)
Anthraquinone
Carbon disulfide
Dicrotophos
Fluometuron
2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)
Atenolol
Chlordecone (kepone)
Dieldrin
Fluoranthene
2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4)
Azoxyst robin
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) (UCMR 3)
Diethyl phthalate
Fluoxetine
2-Hydroxyatrazine
Benfluralin
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) (UCMR 3)
Difenoconazole
Galaxolide
2-Methylnaphthalene
Bensulide
Chlorothalonil
Dimethenamid
Gemfibrozil
3-Monoacetyl morphine
Bentazon
Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4)
Dimethenamid OA
Heroin
4-tert-Octylphenol
Benzoic acid
Clomazone
Dimethoate (UCMR 2)
Hexazinone
6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Benzophenone
Clopyralid
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Hippuric acid
6-Monoacetyl morphine
Bifenthrin
Clothianidin
Diuron1 (UCMR 1)
Hydromorphone
1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.
EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 92 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Individual Chemical
Contaminants (slide 2 of 2)
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide
MCPP
Nonylphenol
Propargite
Terbacil (UCMR 1)
Hydroxyamphetamide
Meprobamate
Norflurazon
Propazine
Terbufos1 (UCMR 1)
Imazalil
Metalaxyl
Oxadiazon
Propiconazole
Testosterone (UCMR 3)
Imazapyr
Metformin
Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4)
Propoxur
Tetraconazole
Imazaquin
Methamphetamine
p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1)
Prosulfuron
Thiabendazole
Imazethapyr
Methocarbamol
p-Cresol
Pymetrozine
Thiamethoxam
Imidacloprid
Methomyl
Pendimethalin
Pyraclost robin
Thiobencarb
Indoxacarb
Methylbenzotriazole
Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4)
Pyrene
Thiram
Iprodione
Methylmercury
Phenanthrene
Pyridaben
Tin
Isodrin
Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Phenol
Quinoline (UCMR 4)
Tri-allate
Isophorone
Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2)
Phenylpropanolamine
Silicon
Tribufos (UCMR 4)
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Metoprolol
Phorate
Sitagliptin
Tributyl phosphate
Isoxaflutole
Metribuzin
Phosmet
Sodium
Triclopyr
Lactofen
Molybdenum (UCMR 3)
Phosphorus
Sulfamethoxazole
Triclosan
lambda-Cyhalothrin
Morphine
Phostebupirim
Sulfentrazone
Triethyl citrate
Lidocaine
Morphine-3-glucuronide
Piperonyl butoxide
Sulfometuron-methyl
Trifloxyst robin
Linuron1 (UCMR 1)
Morphine-6-glucuronide
Potassium
Tamoxifen
Trifluralin
Lithium (UCMR 5)
MTBE (UCMR 1)
Profenofos (UCMR 4)
Tris(2-butoxylethyl) phosphate (TBEP)
Tungsten
Loratadine
Myclobutanil
Prometon1 (UCMR 1)
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Vanadium (UCMR 3)
Magnesium
Naled
Prometryn
Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP)
Verapamil
Malathion
Naphthalene
Pronamide
Tebuconazole (UCMR 4)
Manganese (UCMR 4)
Nicotine
Propachlor
Tebuthiuron
MCPA
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
Propanil
Tefluthrin
1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 93 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant
Groups (slide 1 of 2)
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
Disinfectant Byproduct (DBP) Group
HALOACETIC ACIDS
IODINATED
TRIHALOMETHANES
NITROSAMINES
Bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) (UCMR
4)
Bromochloroiodomethane (BCIM)
Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) (UCMR 2)
Bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA)
(UCMR 4)
Bromodiiodomethane (BDIM)
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (UCMR
2)
Dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA)
(UCMR 4)
Chlorodiiodomethane (CDIM)
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
(UCMR 2)
Tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) (UCMR 4)
Dibromoiodomethane (DBIM)
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA)
(UCMR 2)
HALOACETONITRILES
Dichloroiodomethane (DCIM)
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA)
Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN)
Iodoform (triiodomethane, TIM)
Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) (UCMR 2)
Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN)
OTHERS
HALONITROM ETHANES
Chlorate (UCMR 3)
Bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM)
Formaldehyde
Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane,
TCNM)
Dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM)
EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Cyanotoxin Group12
Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4)
Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4)
Saxitoxin
MICROCYSTES
Microcystin LA (UCMR 4)
Microcystin LR (UCMR 4)
Microcystin RR (UCMR 4)
Microcystin YR (UCMR 4)
1 As defined by the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5):
"Toxins naturally produced and released by some species of
cyanobacteria (previously known as "blue-green algae"). The
group of cyanotoxins includes, but is not limited to: anatoxin-
a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystins, and saxitoxin."
2 The CCL 5 does not list specific microcystins. The microcystins
listed above are microcystins with available drinking water
analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support
Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL
5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists microcystin LW.
Office of Water
Slide 94 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant
Grouns (^hhp ? nf
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) Group12
ll-Chloroperfluoro-3-oxaundecanesulfonic acid (HCI-PF30UdS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (UCMR 5)
2-(N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NEtFOSAA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (UCMR 5)
2-(N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NMeFOSAA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) (UCMR 5)
4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) (UCMR 5)
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (UCMR 5)
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (UCMR 5)
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (UCMR 5)
9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-l-sulfonic acid (9CI-PF30NS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (UCMR 5)
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO DA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (UCMR 5)
Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid (NFDHA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoro(4-methoxybutanoic acid) (PFMBA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoro-2-ethoxyethanesulfonic acid (PFEESA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid (PFMPA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) (UCMR 5)
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) (UCMR 5)
Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (UCMR 5)
1 As defined in the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5): "For the purpose of CCL 5, the structural definition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) includes chemicals that contain at least
one of these three structures (except for PFOA and PFOS which are already in the regulatory process):
1. R-(CF2)-CF(R')R", where both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen
2. R-CF20CF2-R', where both the CF2 moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen
3. CF3C(CF3)RR', where all the carbons are saturated, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen"
2 The CCL 5 does not list specific PFAS. The EPA recognizes that this slide only captures a subset of thousands of PFAS compounds encompassed in the CCL 5 structural definition. The PFAS listed above
are PFAS with available drinking water analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists
ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), which do not have available analytical methods.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 95 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants
BOLD: Contaminants on
Contaminants Previously
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
CCL 5
Monitored in UCMRs
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
Acinetobocter boumannii
Enterovirus2 (UCMR 3)
Naegleria fo wleri
Adenovirus
Escherichia coli (0157)
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Aeromonas hydrophila1
Exophiala jeanselmei
Pantoea agglomerans
Arcobocter butzleri
Fusarium solani
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Aspergillus fumigatus group
Helicobacter pylori
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Astrovirus
Hepatitis A virus
Rotavirus
Blastocystis hominis
Hepatitis E virus
Salmonella enterica
Caliciviruses
Isospora belli
Shigella sonnei
Campylobacter jejuni
Legionella pneumophila
Toxoplasma gondii
Comanonas testosteroni
Microsporidia
Vibrio cholerae
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Mycobacterium abscessus
Yersinia enterocolitica
Entamoeba histolytica
Mycobacterium avium
1 Aeromonas genus was monitored in UCMR 1.
2 Enterovirus was monitored in UCMR 3. UCMR 3 also monitored for rotavirus, which is not listed on PCCL 5.
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 96 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development
BOLD: Contaminants
CCL 5
on Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
(slide 1 of 2)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Bisphenol A
DBAN
Ethoprop (UCMR 4)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)
8:2FTS (UCMR 5)
Boron
DBCAA (UCMR 4)
Fipronil
1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene
9CI-PF30NS (UCMR 5)
Bromacil
DCAN
Flufenacet
1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3)
Acephate
Bromoxynil
Deethylatrazine
Fluometuron
1,3-Dichloropropene
Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Desisopropyl atrazine
Fluoranthene
1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3)
Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2)
Caffeine
Diazepam
Fluoxetine
HCI-PF30UdS (UCMR 5)
ADONA (UCMR 5)
Calcium
Diazinon (UCMR 1)
Formaldehyde
17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3)
Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Carbamazepine
Dicamba
Gemfibrozil
17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3)
Alachlor OA (UCMR 2)
Carbaryl
Dichlorvos
Halon 1011 (UCMR 3)
1-Butanol (UCMR 4)
Aldrin
Carbendazim
Dicrotophos
HCFC-22 (UCMR 3)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB)
alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4)
Carbon disulfide
Dieldrin
Hexazinone
2,4-Dichlorophenol (UCMR 1)
Ametryn
Chlorate (UCMR 3)
Diethyl phthalate
HFPO DA (UCMR 5)
2,4-Dinitrophenol (UCMR 1)
Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4)
Chlordecone
Dimethenamid OA
Iprodione
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)
Androstenedione (UCMR 3)
Chlorothalonil
Dimethoate (UCMR 2)
Isophorone
2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)
BCAA (UCMR 4)
Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4)
BDCAA (UCMR 4)
Clothianidin
Diuron (UCMR 1)
Lactofen
4:2FTS (UCMR 5)
Bensulide
Cobalt (UCMR 3)
EPTC (UCMR 1)
Linuron (UCMR 1)
4-tert-Octylphenol
Bentazon
Cycloate
Esfenvalerate
Lithium (UCMR 5)
6:2FTS (UCMR 5)
Bifenthrin
Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4)
Ethion
Magnesium
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 97 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
(slide 2 of 2)
Malathion
NDPA (UCMR 2)
PFHxA (UCMR 5)
Prometryn
Thiobencarb
Manganese (UCMR 4)
NEtFOSAA (UCMR 5)
PFHxS (UCMR 5)
Pronamide
Tin
MCPA
NFDHA (UCMR 5)
PFMBA (UCMR 5)
Propachlor
Tribufos (UCMR 4)
MCPP
NMeFOSAA (UCMR 5)
PFMPA (UCMR 5)
Propanil
Triclosan
Methomyl
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
PFNA (UCMR 5)
Propazine
Trifluralin
Methyl chloride (UCMR 3)
Nonylphenol
PFOA (UCMR 5)
Propoxur
Vanadium (UCMR 3)
Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2)
Norflurazon
PFOS (UCMR 5)
Pyrene
Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2)
NPYR (UCMR 2)
PFPeA (UCMR 5)
Quinoline (UCMR 4)
Metribuzin
Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4)
PFPeS (UCMR 5)
Silicon
Microcystin LA (UCMR 4)
PFAS Group
PFTA (UCMR 5)
Sodium
Microcystin LR (UCMR 4)
p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1)
PFTrDA (UCMR 5)
Sulfamethoxazole
Microcystin RR (UCMR 4)
Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4)
PFUnA (UCMR 5)
TBAA (UCMR 4)
Microcystin YR (UCMR 4)
PFBA (UCMR 5)
Phenanthrene
TCNM
Molybdenum (UCMR 3)
PFBS (UCMR 5)
Phenol
Tebuconazole (UCMR 4)
MTBE (UCMR 1)
PFDA (UCMR 5)
Phorate
Tebuthiuron
Naphthalene
PFDoA (UCMR 5)
Phosphorus
Terbacil (UCMR 1)
NDBA (UCMR 2)
PFEESA (UCMR 5)
Potassium
Terbufos (UCMR 1)
NDEA (UCMR 2)
PFHpA (UCMR 5)
Profenofos (UCMR 4)
Testosterone (UCMR 3)
NDMA (UCMR 2)
PFHpS (UCMR 5)
Prometon (UCMR 1)
Thiamethoxam
E
United States
Hll Environmental Protection
1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 98 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in
Development1
Enterovirus (UCMR 3)
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium avium
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs
Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development
Naegleria fowleri
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella enterica
Office of Water
Slide 99 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Contaminants Monitored in Previous UCMRs
UCMR 1
UCMR 2
UCMR 3
UCMR 4
UCMR 5
2,4-Dichlorophenol1
Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
l-Butanol
Microcystin LA
HCI-PF30UdS
PFEESA
2,4-Dinitrophenol1
Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA)
1,3-Butadiene
2-Aminotoluene (o-
Toluidine)
Microcystin LR
4:2FTS
PFHpA
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)
1,4-Dioxane
alpha-
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Microcystin RR
6:2FTS
PFHpS
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA)
17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol
Anatoxin-a
Microcystin YR
8:2FTS
PFHxA
Diazinon1
Dimethoate
17-beta estradiol
Bromochloroacetic acid
(BCAA)
Oxyfluorfen
9CI-PF30NS
PFHxS
Diuron1
Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)
4-Androstene-3,17-dione
Bromodichloroacetic acid
(BDCAA)
Permethrin (cis- & trans-)
ADONA
PFMBA
Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
(EPTC)
Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA)
Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011)
Chlorpyrifos
Profenofos
HFPO DA
PFMPA
Linuron1
Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)
Chlorate
Cylindrospermopsin
Quinoline
Lithium
PFNA
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR)
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
Dibromochloroacetic acid
(DBCAA)
Tebuconazole
NEtFOSAA
PFOA
p,p'-DDE(4,4'-DDE)
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
Ethoprop
Tribromoacetic acid
(TBAA)
NFDHA
PFOS
Prometon1
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
Cobalt
Manganese
Tribufos
NMeFOSAA
PFPeA
Terbacil
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA)
Enterovirus
PFBA
PFPeS
Terbufos1
Molybdenum
PFBS
PFTA
Testosterone
PFDA
PFTrDA
Vanadium
1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 100 of 419
-------
PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants Not Yet Monitored With Method(s)/EPA
Method(s) in Development1
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (EPA 502.2, 524.2,
524.3,524.4)
Carbendazim (EPA In Development 562)
Fluometuron (EPA 532)
Phenol (EPA 528)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (EPA 502.2, 504.1, 524.2,
524.3,524.4,551.1)
Carbon disulfide (EPA524.2,524.3,524.4)
Fluoranthene (EPA 550, 550.1)
Phorate (EPA525.3)
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (epa 502.2,524.2,
524.3,524.4)
Chlordecone (EPA 527*, In Development 562)
Fluoxetine (EPA 542)
Phosphorus (EPA 200.7)
1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) (502.2,
524.2, 524.3, 524.4)
Chlorothalonil (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)
Formaldehyde2 (EPA 554,556.1)
Potassium (EPA200.7)
2,4-DB (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555)
Clothia nid in (EPA In Development 562)
Gemfibrozil (EPA 542)
Prometryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527)
4-tert-Octylphenol (559)
Cycloate (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3)
Hexazinone (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527)
Pronamide (EPA525.2,525.3)
6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (523, 536)
DBAN2 (EPA551.1)
Iprodione (EPA In Development 562)
Propachlor (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)
Acephate (EPA 538)
DCAN2 (EPA551.1)
Isophorone (EPA 525.2,525.3)
Propanil (EPA 532)
Aldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)
Deethylatrazine (EPA 523,536)
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) (EPA 502.2,524.2, 524.3,524.4)
Propazine (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 536)
Ametryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3)
Desisopropyl atrazine (EPA523,536)
Lactofen (EPA 515.3**, 515.4**)
Propoxur (EPA 531.1, 531.2)
Bensulide (EPA 540,543)
Diazepam (EPA542)
Magnesium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)
Pyrene (EPA 525.2, 525.3, 550, 550.1)
Bentazon (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555)
Dicamba (EPA515.3, 515.4, 555)
Malathion (EPA 527)
Silicon (SM 3111 D)
Bifenthrin (EPA 527)
Dichlorvos (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3)
MCPA (EPA 555)
Sodium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)
Bisphenol A (SM 6810 B)
Dicrotophos (EPA 538)
MCPP (EPA 555)
Sulfamethoxazole (EPA542)
Boron (EPA 200.7)
Dieldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)
Methomyl (EPA 531.1, 531.2, 540)
TCNM2 (EPA 551.1)
Bromacil (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 551.1)
Diethyl phthalate (EPA 506, 525.2,525.3)
Metribuzin (EPA 507, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1)
Tebuthiuron (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 532)
Bromoxynil (EPA In Development 562)
Dimethenamid OA (EPA535)
Naphthalene (EPA502.2, 524.2, 524.3, 524.4, 550, 550.1)
Thiamethoxam (EPA In Development 562)
Butyl benzyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3)
Di-n-butyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3)
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (525.3)
Thiobencarb (EPA527)
Caffeine (SM 6810 B)
Esfenvalerate (EPA527*)
Nonylphenol (EPA559)
Tin (EPA 200.5, 200.7, 200.9)
Calcium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)
Ethion (EPA 525.3)
Norflurazon (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527*)
Triclosan (EPA542)
Carbamazepine (EPA 542)
Fipronil (EPA In Development 562)
PFAS Group (EOF)
Trifluralin (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1)
Carbaryl (EPA 531.1,531.2)
Flufenacet (EPA In Development 562)
Phenanthrene (EPA525.2, 525.3,550,550.1)
1 Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM) and Standard Methods (SM). The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before
UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.
2 Analytical methods have been published for these four disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) but they have not been monitored in earlier UCMR cycles.
* EPA method 527: There are potential method analysis issues with these compounds
** EPA method 515.3 and 515.4: The herbicide Lactofen will be quantitated as Acifluorfen as their structures represent different esters of the same carboxylate moiety
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Slide 101 of 419
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PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants Not Yet Monitored
with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development1
Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21
(Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS 12869:2019)
Naegleriafowleri (sm 9750 - Proposed)
Mycobacterium abscessus (EPA In Development)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (astm D5246-19, sm 9213 e, sm 9213
F, SM 9213 G)
Mycobacterium avium (EPA In Development)
Salmonella enterica (epa sap 600/R-10/133)
1 Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM), Standard Methods (SM), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
methods. UCMB has not yet evaluated these methods for UCMR 6 purposes. The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates
for future UCMR cycles.
BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 102 of 419
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UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process
184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non
PCCL 5 contaminants
93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method
related non-PCCL 5 contaminants
(slide 1 of 2)
r
Consider other priority
contaminants and
nominations
Contaminant selection first considers contaminants
on the PCCL 51 (individual contaminants and
groups) with a drinking water analytical method
completed or near completion
Other contaminants within the scope of analytical
methods for PCCL 5 contaminants are also
considered
In Step 2, the EPA generally focuses on the subset of
Step 1 that were not monitored for in a previous
UCMR cycle
Up to 30
Contaminants
1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain.
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 103 of 419
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UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process
(slide 2 of 2)
184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non
PCCL 5 contaminants
93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method
related non-PCCL 5 contaminants
25 CCL 5 + 43 PCCL 5
contaminants = 68
[18 methods]
Consider other priority
contaminants and
nominations
Up to 30
Contaminants
O
e
In Step 3 the EPA considers the subset of Step 2 contaminants
that:
Have an available health assessment to facilitate regulatory
determinations
Have critical health endpoints, are probable carcinogens,
are active pesticides
Have potential for widespread occurrence in drinking water
based on use, production, or release data
In Step 4, based on workgroup discussion, the contaminant list
will be narrowed down, and potential additional contaminants
will be considered based on workgroup discussion,
consultations, agency priorities.
In the final step, the EPA identifies up to 30 contaminants to be
included n the UCMR 6 proposal and invites pubi c comment.
1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 104 of 419
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Other Considerations: Revisions to the Microbial and
Disinfectant Byproduct Rules
The EPA is currently examining opportunities to enhance protection against microbes and
disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) through revisions to the suite of Microbial and
Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) Rules
The agency anticipates finalizing the revisions to the MDBP rules in accordance with the dates in
the Settlement Agreement between EPA and Waterkeeper Alliance
Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, No. l:19-cv- 00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020)
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2020-0140-0001 at https://www.regulations.gov/
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0486 at https://www.regulations.gov/
The UCMR 6 timeframe is such that the agency does not expect that the resulting
occurrence data could meaningfully inform MDBP revisions. Further, the EPA recognizes
that any data collected under UCMR 6 would not reflect conditions at PWSs after any
regulatory revisions become effective (because water quality would be expected to
change as a result of PWSs complying with such regulatory revisions).
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 105 of 419
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DBPs and Microbes Potentially Addressed by Revisions to
the MDBP Rules
DBPs:
CCL5
Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane, TCNM) (EPA 551.1)
Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) (EPA 551.1)
Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) (EPA 551.1)
Formaldehyde (EPA 554, EPA 556.1)
Microbes:
CCL5:
Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21 (Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS
12869:2019)
Mycobacterium species (EPA In Development)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SM 9213 E, F, G)
Naegleriafowleri (SM 9750J
PCCL5
Salmonella enterica (EPA SAP 600/R-10/133)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 106 of 419
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UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being
Considered (slide 1 of 3)
Table Key
CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
EPA Method 200.7
Boron
EPA Method 523
6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
(Atrazine-desethyl-desisopropyl)
Desethylatrazine (Atrazine-desethyl)
Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine-
desisopropyl)
Propazine
Ametryn
Prometryn
EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.4
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,3-Dichloropropene (cjs_ & trans-)
Carbon disulfide
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Naphthalene
EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA Method 515.3, 515.4
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
(2,4-DB)
Bentazon
Dicamba
Lactofen
EPA Method 527
Malathion
Norflurazon
Propazine
Bifenthrin
Bromacil
Esfenvalerate
Hexazinone
Prometryn
Thiobencarb
EPA Method 525.2, 525.3
Norflurazon
Hexazinone
Phorate
Isophorone
Propazine
Metribuzin
Ametryn
N,N-Diethyl-m-
toluamide (DEET)
Bromacil
Phenanthrene
Butyl benzyl
phthalate
Prometryn
Chlorothalonil
Pronamide
Cycloate
Pyrene
Dichlorvos
Tebuthiuron
Diethyl phthalate
Trifluralin
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Office of Water
Slide 107 of 419
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UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being
Considered (slide 2 of 3)
Table Key
CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
EPA Method 528
Phenol
EPA Method 531.1, 531.2
Carbaryl
Methomyl
Propoxur
EPA Method 532
Fluometuron
Propanil
Tebuthiuron
EPA Method 535
EPA Method 555
2-(2-Methyl-4-
chlorophenoxy)propionic
acid (MCPP)
2-Methyl-4-
chlorophenoxyacetic acid
(MCPA)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric
acid (2,4-DB)
Bentazon
Dicamba
EPA Method 538
Acephate
Dicrotophos
EPA Method 540
Bensulide
Methomyl
EPA Method 550, 550.1
Fluoranthene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
EPA Method 559
Nonylphenol
4-tert-Octylphenol
EPA Method 542
Carbamazepine
Diazepam
Fluoxetine
Gemfibrozil
Sulfamethoxazole
Triclosan
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide ios of 419
-------
EPA Methods in Development1 for UCMR 6:
Contaminants Being Considered (slides^)
Table Key
CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
CCL 5 Previously Monitored
Draft EPA Method 562
Bromoxynil
Carbendazim
Fipronil
Flufenacet
Iprodione
Thiamethoxam
Clothianidin
Draft EPA Method
Purgeable Organic Compounds2
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)
1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. Refer to slides (68-69) for more information about
additional method development work (e.g., PFAS methods and microplastics).
21,2,3-trichloropropane was previously monitored in UCMR 3 using EPA Method 524.3. The method in development is targeting a lower minimum reporting level (MRL).
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 109 of 419
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Data Availability for UCMR 6 Contaminants Being
Considered
For each method, the sets of slides that follow will address the
following for the 68 contaminants across 18 methods being
considered:
Method number/technology type/name
PCCL 5 or CCL 5 listing status
Availability of an EPA health assessment
Availability of occurrence data
National and non-national
Finished drinking water and ambient water
Specific contaminant details are in Appendices A and B
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 110 of 419
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EPA Health Data Sources
(slide 1 of 2)
Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)
https://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=chemicalsearch:l
Office of Research and Development (ORD)
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) https://iris.epa.gov/AtoZ/Plist type=alpha
Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/provisional-peer-
reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs-assessments
Office of Water Health Advisories (HAs) or Health Effect Support Documents (HESDs)
https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/epa-non-regulatory-health-based-drinking-water-levels
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 111 of 419
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Other Health Data Sources
(slide 2 of 2)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gOv/az/a.html
World Health Organization (WHO)
https://www.who.int/gho/en/
Health Canada Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada)
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-
Fiealth/reports-publicat ons/water-qualitv/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-
qualitv-summary-table.html
California Environmental Protection Agency's (CalEPA) Public Health Goals (PHGs)
https://oehha.ca.gov/water/public-health-goals-phgs
Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) Human Health-Based Water Guidance Table
https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/risk/guidance/gw/table.
html
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 112 of 419
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Occurrence Data Sources
(slide 1 of 2)
Finished Drinking Water Data
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) (2001 - current)
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) Round 1 and 2 (1988 -1997)
National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) (1984-1986)
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP)
Small-Scale Local Occurrence Studies
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 113 of 419
-------
Occurrence Data Sources
(slide 2 of 2)
Supplemental Drinking Water and Ambient Water Data
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ambient Water
National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA)
National Water Information System (NWIS)
Special reports
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP)
Other specialized studies and literature
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 114 of 419
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Metals
EPA Method 200.71 (ICP-AES), 1994
Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Contaminant Name
PCCL 5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Boron2
CCL 5
Yes
National finished3 and ambient water
1 Additional PCCL 5 contaminants are also included in this method scope. These include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and tin.
2 Boron also has available Standard Methods (SM): SM 3120 B, SM 4500-B B, and SM 4500-B C.
3 Boron has national finished drinking water occurrence data from the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) conducted between 1984 and 1986.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 115 of 419
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Chlorinated Acids
EPA Method 515.3, 515.4 (LLE-GC/ECD), 1996, 2000
Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-liquid Microextraction, Derivatization, and Fast
Gas Chromatography With Electron Capture Detection (LLE-GC/ECD)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
(2,4-DB)
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
Bentazon
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Dicamba
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Lactofen
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 116 of 419
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Chlorinated Acids
EPA Method 555 (HPLC), 1992
Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), with a Photodiode Array
Ultraviolet Detector
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
2-(2-Methyl-4-
chlorophenoxy)propionic acid
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
(MCPP)
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic
acid (MCPA)
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
(2,4-DB)
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
Bentazon
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Dicamba
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 117 of 419
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Triazine Pesticides and Degradates
EPA Method 523 (GC/MS), 2011
Determination of Triozine Pesticides and their Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Gos Chromotogrophy/Moss Spectrometry
(GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-
diamine (Atrazine-desethyl-
desisopropyl)
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Desethylatrazine (Atrazine-
desethyl)
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine-
desisopropyl)
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Propazine
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Ametryn
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Prometryn
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 118 of 419
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Volatile Organics
EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.41 (GC/MS), 1995, 2009, 2013
Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS) Using Nitrogen Purge Gas
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL
5 Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-)2
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
Carbon disulfide
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Naphthalene
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1 EPA method 524.4 method technology uses nitrogen purge gas. EPA methods 524.2 and 524.3 method technology uses helium gas.
2 EPA determined cis- & trans-l,3-dichloropropene will be evaluated as total 1,3-dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) with a CASRN of 542-75-6.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 119 of 419
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Semivolatile Organics (slide 1 of 2)
EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012
Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL 5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Norflurazon
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Phorate
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Propazine
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Ametryn
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Bromacil
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Butyl benzyl phthalate
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Chlorothalonil
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Cycloate
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Dichlorvos
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Diethyl phthalate
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Di-n-butyl phthalate
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 120 of 419
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Semivolatile Organics (slide 2 of 2)
EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012
Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Hexazinone
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Isophorone
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Metribuzin
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Phenanthrene
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Prometryn
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Pronamide
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Pyrene
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Tebuthiuron
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
Trifluralin
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national
ambient
* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 121 of 419
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Select Pesticides and Flame Retardants
EPA Method 527 (GC/MS), 2005
Determination of Selected Pesticides and Flo me Retordonts in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column
Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
EPA Health Assessment
Occurrence Data Availability
Status
Availability
Malathion
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Norflurazon1
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Propazine
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Bifenthrin
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Bromacil
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Esfenvalerate1
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Hexazinone
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Prometryn
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Thiobencarb
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1 EPA Method 527 identifies there are potential method analysis issues with these compounds
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 122 of 419
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Phenols
EPA Method 528 (GC/MS), 2000
Determination of Phenols in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Phenol
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 123 of 419
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N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates
EPA Method 531.1, 531.2 (HPLC), 1995, 2001
Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Postcolumn Derivatization
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Carbaryl
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Methomyl
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Propoxur
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 124 of 419
-------
Phenylurea Compounds
EPA Method 532 (HPLC), 2000
Determination of Phenylurea Compounds in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) with UV Detection
Contaminant Name
PCCL 5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Fluometuron
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Propanil
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and ambient
Tebuthiuron PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 125 of 419
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Herbicide Degradates
EPA Method 535 (LC/MS/MS), 2005
Measurement of Chloroocetonilide and Other Acetomide Herbicide Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction
and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL 5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Dimethenamid oxanilic acid (OA) PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient
* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 126 of 419
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Organics
EPA Method 538 (DAI-LC/MS/MS), 2009
Determination of Selected Organic Contaminants in Drinking Water by Direct Aqueous Injection-Liquid
Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (DAI-LC/MS/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Acephate
CCL 5
Yes
National ambient
Dicrotophos
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 127 of 419
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Organics
EPA Method 540 (LC/MS/MS), 2013
Determination of Selected Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid
Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Bensulide
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national ambient
Methomyl
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 128 of 419
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Pharmaceuticals
EPA Method 542 (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 2016
Determination of Phormoceuticols and Personal Core Products in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid
Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Carbamazepine
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
Diazepam
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
Fluoxetine
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
Gemfibrozil
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and ambient
Sulfamethoxazole
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
Triclosan
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 129 of 419
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons
EPA Method 550, 550.1 (HPLC), 1990
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) with Coupled Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Fluoranthene
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Naphthalene
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Phenanthrene
PCCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
Pyrene
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
' EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 130 of 419
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Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol
EPA Method 559 (LC/MS/MS), 2020
Determination of Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid
Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL 5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Nonylphenol1
CCL 5
No*
Non-national finished and national ambient
4-tert-Octylphenol PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient
1 EPA method 559 reports technical nonylphenol (CASRN 84852-15-3), comprised mostly of branched C9-alkyl phenols, and not linear nonylphenol (CASRN 104-40-5) which is a laboratory
generated chemical not typically found in the environment. CCL 5 lists a general version of nonylphenol with a different CASRN.
* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.
Office of Water
Slide 131 of 419
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
-------
Pesticides
Draft EPA Method 5621 (LC/MS/MS)
Determination of Selected Pesticides in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Contaminant Name2
PCCL5/CCL 5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
Bromoxynil
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Carbendazim
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Fipronil
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Flufenacet
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Iprodione
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Thiamethoxam
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
Clothianidin
PCCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 132 of 419
-------
Purgeable Organic Compounds
Draft EPA Method1 (GC/MS)
Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(GC/MS)
Contaminant Name
PCCL5/CCL5
Status
EPA Health Assessment
Availability
Occurrence Data Availability
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
CCL 5
Yes
Non-national finished and national ambient
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
CCL 5
Yes
National finished2 and ambient
1The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.
21,2,3-trichloropropane has national finished drinking water occurrence data from UCMR 3 (2013-2015). Its UCMR 3 MRL was above the 10~6 cancer risk concentration, so EPA is pursuing the
development of a method that would support measurements at lower concentrations.
Office of Water
Slide 133 of 419
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
-------
Break
*ปEPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 134 of 419
-------
Appendices
AppendixA: Data Definitions
Appendix B: Contaminants Under Consideration: Background,
Health, and Occurrence Information
Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 135 of 419
-------
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Questions and
Discussion
Statements from participants that registered ahead of time
Statements from other participants
Subject to availability of time
Additional statements or questions from attendees can be provided to
the EPA via email: UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com after the public
meeting and webinar
vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 137 of 419
-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Rule
EPA Webinar April 17, 2024
Erik D. Olson
Senior Strategic Director for Health
NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)
-------
\
UCMR6:
NRDC Has 5 Major
Recommendations:
Recommendation #1.
Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring for a
Broader Array of PFAS
Including a Method to
Measure Total
Organofluorine And a
Revised Method 533
Photo: USGS
-------
UCMR6
Recommendations
(continued)
Recommendation #2.
Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for Both a Broad
Assay for Legionella spp.
and a Specific Assay for L.
pneumophila.
-------
Figure 1: Age-Standardized Incidence of Legionella by Race & Year
6.00
Year
-~-NatlveAmef lean/Alaska Native ซ*ฆ Asian/Pacific Islander Blatk/Afrlcan American White
Barekev AE. et a I. Rising Incidence of tegi6nnaiie&' Disease aid Associated Epidemiologic Pattern. United Slates. 1992-2018. Emera tnfect Oh. 2022 Mar;28<3l 1527-518. j2
Figure 2: Legionella Cases & Incidence by Age & Race
600
200
0
/
/
I
0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-54 65-74 75 84 85*
Age Group {yซars)
3.0
20 *
Z
tj
1.0 g
o.o ซj
<
3000
2500
2000
1S00
1000
500
0
2.5
ฆCow*
-Incidence
Native Asian/Pacific Hlack/AFriran
American/Alaska lUMfes America
Native
Race
ฆ Cave 5 Incidence
V
1
2.0
1 i
& 1
1.5
\ a
?8
1.0
ซ 8
3 ir
= $
0.i
U 3
~> ~
0.0
BarilgvAE. cuil Rising IncMt-nrfntlrjinnniun-^' Dlv-air nnri Awwhtrd FnidrnilolorlrPaltrrm. Unltrd Mntn 1W- ?01& fmrro.'n/rn F)h 2022 Mar28ป>-5?7 2l
-------
J
UCMR6
Recommendations
(Continued)
Recommendation #3.
Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for
Microplastics.
Microplastics that have penetrated inside cells
The image shows microplastics with a diameter of 0,5 nm (small green spheres) penetrating the cytoplasm of
MH-22a hepatocyte cells. ZEISS Axio imager 2. Karimov Denis, Valova lana, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
-------
UCMR6
Recommendation
#4.
Require
Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for
Hexavalent
Chromium
New
Brunswick
Montreal
Toronto
Vermont
New
Hampshire
ฆNevada
Montern
Recommendation^
(continued)
Vancouver
Winnipeg
North
OTa-lrl
'I'
Nova
' i''
9 o 9
Wyoming " A
Icon Key
Nebraska
V o V
Mexico
Havana
Centro
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
v New Jersey
\ Delaware
Maryland
District of
Eurofins-Usirig UCMR 3 Data
-------
4
/^'aj
f\
\
UCMR6
Recommendations
v \
\ I
(continued)
fhoto: Johnny McClung, Upsplash
jr
r
ฃ
*
Recommendation #5
Ensure that IjPA-Approved Methbd
for Four Haloacetonitriles Haveiow
7 t J r / ' r 1 \
MRLs, and Require Monitoring for
them inUCMR 6 ill
~"* / / / /I'll
/ / / / ' 1
-------
Conclusion
1. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring for a Broader Array of
PFAS Including a Method to Measure Total Organofluorine And a
Revised Method 533
2. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Both a
Broad Assay for Legionella spp. and a Specific Assay for L.
pneumophila.
3. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for
Microplastics.
4. Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Hexavalent Chromium
5. Ensure that EPA-Approved Method for Four Haloacetonitriles Have
Low MRLs and Require Monitoring for them in UCMR 6.
8
-------
Thank You
NRDC
Erik D. Olson
eolson@nrdc.org
-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
Rule
EPA Webinar April 18, 2024
Katie Pelch
Scientist
NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)
-------
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Science of the Total Environment
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv
Science cซ
Totql Environment
Short Communication
70 analyte PFAS test method highlights need for expanded testing of PFAS in
drinking water
Katherine E. Pelch a, Taryn McKnightb, Anna Reade3'*
H)
a Natural Resources Defense Council, 111 Sutter SL Floor20, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
b Eurofms Environment Testing, 880 Riverside Parkway. West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA
EPA should validate an
expanded Method 533 that
covers at a minimum the 40
PFAS included in Method
1633, but preferentially the
70 PFAS covered by
multiple commercial
laboratories.
EPA should validate a
sensitive total
organofluorine method for
use in drinking water.
PF02HxA
PFAS in Drinking Water
R-PSDA pfPrS
R EVE MTP PFECHS
PMPA PF03OA FOSA
Hydrolyzed PSDA
PFPcA
PFHpS
62 FTSA
PFPcS
PFNA
PFBS
PFBA
PFHxS
PFDA
PFOA
PFHxA
PFOS PFHpA
GcnX
Currently
unmonitored PFAS
Detected in this study
but not measured
by EPA methods
Detected in this
study and covered
by EPA methods
In this study we found 26 unique PFAS, 12 of which are not covered by EPA methods.
The PFAS class contains thousands of chemicals, most of which are not monitored for.
-------
Range of Particle Sizes Covered by Different Definitions of Mixoplastic Provided in This Federal
Register Anno uncement
1 nm to 5 mm
Website "microplastics'
"smaller than 1 janfi'
Website "nanoplast
1 mm to 5 mm
Federal Register
"microplastics"
0
1
10
100
1,000
nm
10,000
100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
1 nm
1 |am
1 mm
EPA should validate methods that can detect and quantify smaller
microplastics, less than 20 |jm.
EPA should also aim to validate methods for the detection and
quantification of microplastics:
that are labor and time efficient,
that include tire road wear particles, and
that include weathered microplastics.
-------
Thank You
NRDC
Katie Pelch
kpelch@nrdc. org
-------
EPA UCMR 6 methods meeting, April 18, 2024
Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-------
L. pneumophila is now the most common cause of reported
drinking water-associated outbreaks
50
~ Multiple
~ Unidentified
ฆ Chemical
~ Viral
~ Bacterial, non-Legionella
ฆ Parasitic
ฆ Bacterial, Legionella
PI
==!
/A Q& fife
i# &
&
Year
152 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sources: Benedict et. al., 2017. All sources available on request.
-------
Building owners are already using water management plans to
reduce pathogen disease risk
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2021
(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2018)
Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix D
Legionellosis:
Risk Management for
Building Water Systems
See Informative Appendix D for approval dates.
This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPQ for which the Standards
Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for
timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. Instructions for how to submit a
change can be found on the ASHRAEฎ website (https://www.ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance).
The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from
ASHRAE Customer Service, 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax:
678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For
reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions.
ฉ2021 ASHRAE
ISSN 1041-2336
Risk Management for
Building Water Systems:
Physical, Chemical, and
Microbial Hazards
o
o
o
o
Public water customers
are already using WMPs
Building owners are already
asking their public water
systems what they are doing
Recent studies show that
pathogens are present in public
water systems, in low levels
ASHRAE 188 focus is
Legionella
ASHRAE 514 focus is
aeruginosa and HPC + other
risks
153 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
UCMR 6 monitoring could be the most effective way to
understand and reduce overall risk
"The potential for finding an opportunistic
pathogen in the utility's water system will be a
major concern for the legal department whose
job it is to protect the utility from risk. However,
not knowing about L. pneu risks has its
own set of issues, particularly when simple
methods are available and corrective actions
can readily be implemented. Overall, the utility
is better protected by identifying and dealing
with risks than ignoring them."
- LeChevallier, 2020
Focus on L. pneumophila in the distribution
system is increasing
o WRF Study # 5118: Understanding the
Mechanisms of Chlorine and Chloramine
Impact on Opportunistic Pathogens in
Distribution Systems
o WRF Study # 5156: Occurrence of
Legionella spp. [Lp] in Drinking Water
Distribution Systems
154 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
Best practices for utilities are evolving but becoming clearer
NASEM Report
on Legionella
Utilities should maintain "a disinfectant residual
throughout public water systems and validate the
treatment performance by routine monitoring for
Legionella pneumophila from water samples
representative of the distribution system"
How to implement routine monitoring?
o Distribution System Handbook:
Developing a drinking water
pneumophila monitoring program
o WRF Project #4664: Customer
Messaging on Opportunistic Pathogens
Plumbing Systems
o Health Education and Public Health
article: Guidance on Developing a
Legionella pneumophila Monitoring
Program for Utility Distribution Systems
o IDEXX Water Academy Course:
Developing a Legionella Monitoring
Program Companion Course
WW
Management of
Legionella
in Water Systems
-------
I here are several goals that UCMR pathogen monitoring
program could achieve
o To understand the adequacy of existing treatment
o To be able to better communicate with stakeholders,
especially those who have implemented water management
plans and testing
o To become familiar with methods for Legionella
pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monitoring
o To be consistent with internal water quality goals
156 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
""here is one important goal a UCMR 6
monitoring program could achieve
Biofilm Mitigation, reduction of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Biofilm
Water.
in
Panicle load
Cell load
Nutrients load
Water
Panicle load
Cell load
Nutrients bad
(regrcwth & particle accumulation)
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97(21)
DQI:10.1007/s00253-013-5217-v
o The biofilm produced by P.
aeruginosa makes a system difficult
to disinfect and, as a result, is often
where the L. pneum and
out other bacteria are found, making it
an important target for UCMR 6
assessment.
o Understanding biofilm and
aeruginosa can allow for
addressing how to remove the
opportunity and presence of
several waterborne pathogens.
157 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
" "he Legiolert test method significantly simplifies testing,
eliminating variability and opportunities for error
Step 1
Combine sample with
Legiolert reagent
Step 2
Pour mixture into
Legiolert Quanti-Tray
and seal
158 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
Step 3
Incubate for 7 days
Step 4
ife.'i. its. t>i ฆ asii i
ฃl Li ฆ lisfl l flfl 1 IfcSl .
ป. ia ซป! Hi
tll.J Ll.'WI.i
*1 &1M' MUftft . 11
ji
u i iซt!i i/nni
Read results:
Brown color and/or turbidity
is a confirmed positive
for L. pneumophila
-------
The Pseudalert test method significantly simplifies testing,
eliminating variability and opportunities for error
Step 1
Combine sample with
Pseudalert reagent
Step 2
Add anti-foam to sample
Step 3
Pour mixture into
Legiolert Quanti-Tray
and seal
159 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All'rights reserved.
Step 4
ฃ
Incubate for 24 hours
Step 5
Read results under
365 nm UV:
Fluorescent wells
are positive for
P. aeruginosa
-------
Legiolert is a standardized method
o ASTM method D8429-21: Standard Test Method for Legionella pneumophila in
Water Samples Using Legiolert
o UK's Standing Committee of Analysts, Blue Book:
Legionella bacteria in waters and other
Culture Methods for their detection and
o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for hot and cold sanitary water and
cooling tower water (Reference No IDX 33/06 06/19)
o Regulatory Approvals:
Hungary
New Brunswick, Canada
160 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
Pseudalert is a standardized method
o Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: SM9213
o International Organization for Standards (ISO): ISO 16266-2:2018, Water Quality - Detection
and nnumnration of Psnudomonas anruginosa
o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books:
and Environmental Waters (2015) - Part 7 - Meth
Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books:
(2015) - Part 8 - Methods for the isolation and
aeruginosa
o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for the testing of water for (2016)
(Reference No. IDX 33/05-03/16)
o Regulatory Approvals: Governmental regulatory approvals in 13 countries
161 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
Summary and Request
o Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas are well known,
dangerous waterborne pathogens with high disease burden
o Drinking water systems can contribute to these organisms being in buildings and
creating disease risk
o These waterborne pathogens contribute to significant disease burden and
sometimes death
o Understanding, and then managing, the risk level can only be understood
through thoughtful and targeted testing, such as is done under UCMR
o We strongly encourage EPA to add L. pneumophila and P. aeruginosa to UCMR
6 and use the validated, standardized methods described here
162 ฉ 2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
-------
General CCL Comments
David Schiessel, Babcock Labs, Riverside CA
dschiessel@babcocklabs.com
~ Recommend development of Ultra-Short Chain PFAS method either using HILIC of IC-MS/MS (similar to
EPA 332)
~ Some labs have experience. Currently doing projects in drinking water
~ Recommend development of PFAS method using GC-MS/MS (eg: FTOH class) for PFAS coverage
~ Support development/implementation EPA 562 using SPE and LC-MS/MS
~ SPE and LC-MS/MS well understood by lab community leaders
~ Support development/implementation of 1,2,3-TCP and other analytes by 524.x using SIM
~ Already support 1,2,3-TCP at 5ng/L
~ In CA, currently using a non-EPA method but same technology
~ Mycobacterium - Recommend qPCR approach over MALDI-MS.
~ Use same technology as Legionella proposed technique
~ MALDI quantitative precision challenges (anecdotal experience)
~ Cost of MALDI equipment higher than qPCR (MALDI may be 2-3x the cost of qPCR)
-------
~ Performed analyte fate studies on relevant/emerging PFAS classes using
both AOF and EOF
~ Both EOF/AOF perform very well for common PFAS analyte lists (C4+
carboxylates, sulfonates C3+, FTS C6+) 12
~ Some important differences exist in chemical space captured
~ EOF identical chemical space to EPA 533 (same prep method)
~ AOF has orthogonal chemical space
~ There is no OF method that captures everything (trade-offs)
~ EOF may have lower achievable reporting levels, but misses relevant PFAS
classes (study to be released 2024)
-------
PFAS Class Suitability for EOF arid AOF
Parameter
EOF (WAX)
AOF (GAC)
Perfluorosulfonamides (eg:
PFOSA) toxic and occur in DW 3'4
No
- Lost at extract dryness
Yes-4, C6, C8, CIO
>85%
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH)
Nc
|- Lost via breakthrough
Yes - 6:2 and 8:2 FTOH
>70%
Cationic PFAS (AFFF relevant)
Nc
|- quat N unretained on
WAX
Yes - N-TAmP-FHxSA,
N-AP-FHxSA, N-CMAmP-6:2FOSA
>80%
Hexafluorophosphate PF6~
(Not OF)
I
fes
|- retained on WAX, and
High Combust. Eff.
No
Tetrafluoroborate BF4" (Not OF)
|
- retained on WAX
No
-------
PFAS Class Suitability for EOF and AOF
(Edge Cases)
Parameter
EOF (WAX)
AOF (GAC)
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
No - Lost in matrix spikes and
during evap/drying
No - Breakthrough (cone
dep.)
Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA)
No - Lost in matrix spikes and
during evap/drying
No - Breakthrough (cone
dep.)
Trifluoromethanesulfonate (TFMS)
Yes
- removed from nitrate F-
removaii
Perfluoroethanesulfonate (PFEtS)
Yes
- removed from nitrate F-
removal
- All these analytes may be performed by targeted methods using HILIC or IC-MS/MS
- Some don't meet certain definitions of PFAS
-------
PF-Sulfonamides
Relevant class missed by complete dryness of extract
Detected PFOSA/PFBSA in 9 pre-treated groundwater samples using alternative technique
ng/L
120
100
EPA 533 SPE Technique
80
60
40
20
Dups RPD =32%
PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA
6 7 8 9
PFHxSA BPFOSA BPFDSA
ng/L
120
100
Alternative SPE Technique
PFBSA 10 or 20 ng/L?
]
80
60
40
20
B
Dups RPD=0.1%
i
PFBSA >70ng/L
RPD=3.3%
I I
2 3 4 5 6
ฆ PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA ฆ PFHxSA
7 8 9
iPFOSA BPFDSA
-------
References
1. Han, Y., Pulikkal, V. F., & Sun, M. (2021). Comprehensive Validation of the Adsorbable Organic Fluorine
Analysis and Performance Comparison of Current Methods for Total Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
in Water Samples. ACS ES&T Water, 1(6), 1474-1482, https://doi.org/10.1021 /acsestwater. 1 c00047
2. Jiao, E., Zhu, Z., Yin, D Qiu, Y., Karrman, A., & Yeung, L. W. Y. (2022). A pilot study on extractable
organofluorine and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water from drinking water treatment
plants around Taihu Lake, China: What is missed by target PFAS analysis? Environmental Science:
Processes & Impacts, 24(7), 1060-1070. https://dohorq/10.1039/D2EM00073C
3. Munoz, G., Liu, M., Vo Duy, S., Liu, J., & Sauve, S. (2023). Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in
drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Quebec, Canada. Water
Research, 233, 119750. https://doi.ora/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119750
4. Rericha, Y., Cao, D., Truong, L., Simonich, M. T., Field, J. A., & Tanguay, R. L. (2022). Sulfonamide
functional head on short-chain perfluorinated substance drives developmental toxicity. iScience, 25(2),
103789. https://doi.orq/10.1016/ijsci.2022.103789
-------
Closing Remarks
Brenda Bowden, U.S. EPA
Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 169 of 419
-------
If You Have Questions Following This Webinar
UCMR Homepage:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr
EPA Contacts:
Brenda Bowden: bowden.brenda@epa.gov
Melissa Simic: simic.melissa(a>epa.gov
Rachel Kaiser: kaiser.rachel(a>epa.gov
Lab Approval Program:
UCMR Lab Approval@epa.gov
Safe Drinking Water Information:
https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information
Meeting materials were sent to all registered participants
If you did not receive a copy, please email UCMRwebinar(5)cadmusgroup.com and
we will send you a copy
United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 170 of 419
-------
Thank You
Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today. If you have
additional statements that you would like to make, please send them to
UCMRWebinar(S>cadmusgroup.com after the public meeting and
webinar.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 171 of 419
-------
Appendix A: Data Definitions
*ปEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 172 of 419
-------
Overview
Appendix A defines terms and identifies sources of health and occurrence
data
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Definitions
Use/Production/Release Data Sources
Health Sources of Information
EPA and Other Sources
Health Data Parameters
Occurrence Data Sources
National and Non-National studies
Finished Drinking and Ambient Water
For more information on how these sources were utilized for CCL 5, refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 173 of 419
-------
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Definitions
Biodegradation Half Life (t1/2)
The time required to reduce the concentration of a chemical in the environment by 50%.
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH)
Also called the air-water partition coefficient; the ratio of the concentration of a contaminant
that partitions to air relative to the concentration of a contaminant that partitions to water in an
air-water system.
Octanol-Water Partitioning
Coefficient (log Kow)
A partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water, which serves
as a measure of the relationship between fat solubility and water solubility of a substance.
Organic Carbon Partitioning
Coefficient (Koc)
The ratio of the amount of chemical adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon (oc) in the soil
or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium.
Water Solubility
The measure of the amount of chemical substance that can dissolve in water at a specific
temperature, normally expressed as a concentration.
A United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
^#^1 Agency slide 174 of 419
-------
Use/Production/Release Data Sources
TRI
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program was developed by the EPA as part of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act to inform citizens of chemical releases from industrial facilities. TRI tracks the
industrial management of toxic chemicals that may cause harm to human health and the environment.
CDR
The Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) rule, under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requires
manufacturers (including importers) to provide EPA with information on the production and use of chemicals in
commerce.
USGS Pesticide
Application
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) publishes estimates of pesticide application rates using projected
county crop acres from the Census of Agriculture.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 175 of 419
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EPA Health Sources of Information
(slide 1 of 2)
DWSHA
EPA's Drinking Water Standard and Health Advisories (DWSHA) table is a summary of Health Advisory values for contaminants
based on non-cancer health effects for different durations of exposure [e.g., one-day, ten-day, and lifetime) as well as the
underlying reference dose (RfD) supporting the lifetime Health Advisory or, if applicable, the cancer risk values for drinking
water contaminants. The tables also include the contaminants currently regulated under SDWA for which EPA has established
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs). This document is periodically updated to reflect changes in health
advisory values or regulatory values.
HHC
Human Health Criteria (HHC) are calculated by the EPA in accordance with the Clean Water Act for consumption of water and/or
organisms, such as fish.
IRIS
EPA's Office of Research and Development houses the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program that supports the EPA
by characterizing the toxicity of compounds.
OPP
EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Reregistration Eligibility Decision (REDs) and Health Effects Division Human Health Risk
Assessment (HED HHRAs).
OPP HHBP
The Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBPs) are published by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). The purpose of
the benchmarks is to determine whether the detection of a pesticide in drinking water or source waters for drinking water may
indicate a potential health risk and help with EPA prioritization of monitoring efforts. HHBPs are available for pesticide active
ingredients for which Health Advisories or enforceable National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) have not been
developed. The HHBPs are not legally enforceable federal standards.
A United States Office of Water
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Agency slide 176of419
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EPA Health Sources of Information
(slide 2 of 2)
OW HA
Office of Water Health Advisory documents (HA). HA documents provide technical information on chemical and microbial
contaminants that can cause human health effects and are known or anticipated to occur in drinking water. HA values/levels
identify the concentration of a contaminant in drinking water at which adverse health effects and/or aesthetic effects are not
anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations [e.g., 1 day, 10 days, a lifetime). HAs are not to be construed as legally
enforceable federal standards and are subject to change as new information becomes available.
PPRTV
The Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) program supports EPA's Superfund program by generating health
assessments for compounds not already assessed under EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program. The health
assessments generate provisional toxicity values like provisional- Reference Doses (RfDs) and provisional- Cancer Slope Factors
(CSFs). All provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values receive internal review by EPA scientists and external peer review by
independent scientific experts.
ToxRefDB
The Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) contains the results of thousands of in vivo animal toxicity studies conducted over
the last 30 years. This database was compiled by EPA and released in 2014. The purpose of the database is to describe dose-
response animal toxicity data with a standardized vocabulary so that the results are accessible and searchable.
V>
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency slide 177 of 419
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Other Sources of Health Information
(slide 1 of 2)
CalEPA OEHHA
California EPA's (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment's (OEHHA) Chemical Database contains all
of California's toxicity criteria information developed for chemicals evaluated by OEHHA. This information includes
reference exposure levels, California Public Health Goals (PHGs), child-specific reference doses, Proposition 65 safe harbor
numbers, soil-screening levels, and fish advisories.
CDC ATSDR
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) protects
communities from harmful health effects related to exposure to natural and man-made hazardous substances by
responding to environmental health emergencies; investigating emerging environmental health threats; conducting
research on the health impacts of hazardous waste sites; and building capabilities of and providing actionable guidance to
state and local health partners. ATSDR assessments are comparable to EPA assessments [i.e., chronic duration oral minimal
risk levels (MRLs) are considered comparable to EPA's reference doses (RfDs)).
CDWG
Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) are established by Health Canada in collaboration with the Federal-Provincial-
Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment,
establishes Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality for drinking water parameters [i.e., chemical, physical, microbial
parameters).
FDA
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD) database, housed
within the National Library of Medicine DSSTox FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database (FDAMDD), which
includes MRDDs for over 1,200 pharmaceuticals.
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
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Other Sources of Health Information
(slide 2 of 2)
MN DOH
The Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) develops health-based guidance values that can be used to help evaluate
potential human health risks from exposures to chemicals in groundwater. The MN DOH calculates guidance values for
cancer and non-cancer endpoints of various exposure durations including acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic
durations.
NIH CPDB
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) synthesized the results of 50 years of chronic,
long-term carcinogenesis bioassays. Information recorded included the strain, sex, route of compound administration,
target organ, histopathology, author's opinion about carcinogenicity, quantitative data on tumor incidence, dose-response,
the tumorigenic dose-rate for 50% of experimental animals (TD50), statistical significance of the dose-response, length of
experiment, duration of dosing, and average daily dose-rate. This database was last updated in August 2007. For more
information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at
httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.
NIH HSDB
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that includes
information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory
requirements, toxicity values, and other relevant information. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific
Review Panel. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.
WHO
The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes health-based guidance values for drinking water quality.
WHO IARC
The World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies compounds into groups based
on available toxicity data. The dataset contains cancer classifications for over 1,000 contaminants.
vvEPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 179 of 419
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Health Data Parameters
(slide 1 of 3)
Benchmark/Chronic
Benchmark
Health-based concentration in water for a chronic exposure duration - e.g., Lifetime Health Advisories, 10"6 cancer risk
concentrations, Cancer Health Risk Limits or Chronic Health Risk Limits guidance values from the MN DOH, Chronic
Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and chronic HHBP.
Acute Benchmark
Health-based concentration in water for a short-term exposure duration - e.g., 10-day Health Advisories, acute, short-
term, or subchronic guidance values from the MN DOH, Intermediate Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and acute HHBPs.
CSF
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF). This is the cancer risk per unit dose determined during a health assessment.
CCL-HRL
Health reference levels (HRLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process and are non-regulatory health-based toxicity values
that are expressed as concentrations of a chemical in drinking water that a person could consume over a lifetime and be
unlikely to experience adverse health effects. HRLs are not legally enforceable federal standards. For more information
on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at
https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.
CCL-SL
CCL screening levels (SLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process similar to CCL-HRLs for chemicals with no available
qualifying or non-qualifying health assessments (publicly available assessments published by health agencies to provide
valuable health information, but do not necessarily follow standard EPA methodologies and/or are not peer-reviewed by
experts outside the publishing agency). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5
Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.
A United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slideisoof419
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Health Data Parameters
(slide 2 of 3)
RfD
A reference dose (RfD), also referred to as a Population-Adjusted Dose or Minimal Risk Level, is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a chronic daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The RfD can also be an estimate
for acute or short-term exposures. It can be derived from a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), lowest observed adverse
effect level (LOAEL), or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used.
Risk Assessment
Advice
MN DOH establishes Risk Assessment Advice (RAA) for water, which is technical guidance concerning exposures and risks to
human health. RAA may be quantitative (e.g., a concentration of a chemical that is likely to pose little or no health risk to humans)
or qualitative (e.g., a written description of how toxic a chemical is in comparison to a similar chemical). Generally, RAA contains
greater uncertainty than Health Risk Levels because the available information is more limited. These can be chronic or acute.
LD50
The lethal dose of a chemical for 50% of tested animals after a specified exposure duration.
TD50
The dose of a chemical associated with 50% of animals developing tumors.
LOAEL
The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration, at which there are
biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate
control group.
NOAEL
The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration at which there are no
biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of adverse effect between the exposed population and its
appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered adverse or precursors of adverse
effects.
A United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slideisiof419
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Health Data Parameters
(slide 3 of 3)
WHO Drinking Water
Guideline Value
Recommended drinking water standards built on over 50 years of guidance by WHO on drinking-water quality, which has
formed an authoritative basis for the setting of national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public
health.
MAC
Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) establish Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MACs) based on a
comprehensive review of the known health effects associated with each contaminant, on exposure levels and on the
availability of treatment and analytical technologies.
MADL
CalEPA establishes "maximum allowable daily levels" (MADLs) for reproductive toxicants representing the level at which
the chemical would have no observable adverse reproductive effect assuming exposure 1,000 times that level.
PHG
CalEPA develops Public Health Goals (PHGs) defined as the level of a chemical contaminant in drinking water that does
not pose a significant risk to health. PHGs are not regulatory standards.
MRDD
FDA Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDDs) for pharmaceuticals are not comparable to reference doses (RfDs) or
lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to
the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.
HHC
Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria (HHC) represent specific levels of chemicals or conditions in a water body
that are not expected to cause adverse effects to human health. EPA calculates criteria for an exposure scenario, assuming
the target population could be drinking contaminated water and consuming contaminated fish or could be consuming
only contaminated fish.
A United States Office of Water
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Sources of National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking
Water
NIRS
In the mid-1980s, EPA implemented the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) to provide a statistically
representative sample of the national occurrence of select inorganic and radionuclide contaminants in community water
systems (CWSs) served by groundwater. The survey is stratified based on system size (population served by the system). Most
of the NIRS data are from smaller systems (92% from systems serving 3,300 persons or fewer). The NIRS database includes
findings for 42 radionuclides and inorganic compounds. NIRS provides contaminant occurrence data from 989 groundwater
CWSs in 49 states (all except Hawaii) as well as Puerto Rico. Each of the 989 randomly selected CWSs was sampled once
between 1984 and 1986. The NIRS data were collected in a randomly designed sample survey; therefore, the summary
statistics are representative of national occurrence in groundwater CWSs. One limitation of the NIRS is a lack of occurrence
data for surface water systems.
UCMR 1, 2, 3, 4
Under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR), the EPA leads a nationally representative survey of public
drinking water systems (PWSs) designed to provide a basis for future drinking water regulatory actions. UCMR 1 included
monitoring for 26 contaminants between 2001 and 2003. UCMR 2 including monitoring for 25 contaminants between 2008
and 2010. UCMR 3 included monitoring for 28 chemical contaminants and 2 microbes between 2013 and 2015. UCMR 4
included monitoring for 30 chemical contaminants between 2018 and 2020. UCMR 4 data collection was still underway
during the CCL 5 development.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
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Sources of National Occurrence Data-Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA
The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and
the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by
state, tribal, local and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the National Water-Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) program. The goal of the NAWQA program is to assess the condition of the nation's
ambient waters. The NAWQA program is designed to be statistically representative of water conditions in the
nation. The NAWQA data are considered nationally representative.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Finished Drinking
Water (slide 1 of 3)
UCM-State
Rounds 1 & 2
The Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) program was a drinking water monitoring effort that was a precursor to the
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) program established in the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water
Act. Round 1 UCM data are from approximately 1988 to 1992 and were extracted from the Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Information System (URCIS). The UCM Round 2 data are from 1993 to 1997 and were extracted from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS).
USDA PDP -
Finished
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue
database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically
defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply. As of 2001, sampling and testing are conducted on
finished drinking water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.
Batt et al. 2016
This is an EPA Office of Research and Development publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and potential
risks to aquatic life. The authors sampled 182 sites in rivers proximal to urban streams and measured the concentrations of
46 contaminants representing many classes of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Bradley et al.
2018
This article was published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the National Institute of Health (N1H), and the EPA's
Office of Research and Development. The authors sampled tap water from 13 homes and 12 workplaces across 11 states. The
samples were analyzed for 482 organic compounds and 19 inorganic compounds.
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 185 of 419
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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water
(slide 2 of 3)
cwss
The 2006 Community Water System Survey (CWSS) gathered data on the financial and operating characteristics of a random
sample of community water systems (CWSs) nationwide. All systems serving more than 500,000 people (94 systems in 2006)
were included in the survey, and systems in that size category were asked questions about concentrations of unregulated
contaminants in their raw and finished water. Not all systems responded to the survey and, of the systems that responded, not all
answered every question. EPA supplemented the dataset by gathering additional information about contaminant occurrence at
the systems in this size category from publicly available sources [e.g., consumer confidence reports). Note that, because reported
results are incomplete, they are only illustrative, not statistically representative, and used only as supplemental information. This
data source was used as a supplemental data source for CCL 5.
Furlong et
al. 2017
This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and USGS publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and their
concentrations in water samples collected from 25 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) between 2007 and 2012. This was a
two-phase study and includes sampling results in source water and finished drinking water. Phase II of the study included more
analytes and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. There were 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase 1 and 118 in Phase II.
This study is part of a series of papers published using the dataset of source and treated water samples from 25 DWTPs.
Glassmeyer
et al. 2017
This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and United States Geological Survey (USGS) publication describing source
water and drinking water concentrations of emerging contaminants. This was a two-phase study and sampling occurred between
2007 and 2012. Phase II of the study included more contaminants and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. In
Phase 1, 87 compounds were monitored at nine treatment plants. In Phase II, 247 contaminants were monitored at 25 drinking
water treatment plants.
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water
(slide 3 of 3)
Klarich et
al. 2017
This study collected periodic tap water grab samples at the University of Iowa over seven weeks in 2016 (May-July) after maize/soy
planting to understand the persistence of three neonicotinoids and their potential for transformation during water treatment and
distribution.
Padhye et
al. 2013
This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight
sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess occurrence of PPCPs
and EDCs in finished drinking water.
State
Drinking
Water
Monitoring
Data
For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for unregulated
contaminants along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the dataset of unregulated contaminant
monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data provide varying degrees of completeness in their
coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on
the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analvsis at httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents-
eoas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards.
USGS, Sioux
Falls Area,
2012
A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in 2009 to
(1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to
water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the
finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally
or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source
waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area.
V>
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency slide 187 of 419
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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Ambient Water
(slide 1 of 3)
NWIS
The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the
National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by state, tribal, local
and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the USGS National Water Information Services (NWIS)
database. The NWIS relational database houses every piece of data that USGS collects, including information like gauge
heights and compound concentration data. NWIS results are not expected to be statistically representative of the U.S.
USDA PDP -
Untreated and
Ground Water
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue
database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically
defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply (USDA, 2018). As of 2001, sampling and testing are
conducted on untreated water and ground water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the
CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.
Arnold et al.
2016
Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S.
Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. Groundwater samples were
analyzed for a large number of water-quality indicators and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements,
volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and radionuclides.
Bexfield et al.
2019
This study assessed occurrence from 21 hormones and 103 pharmaceuticals in groundwater used as a drinking water source
across the United States. Samples were taken from 1091 sites in Principal Aquifers representing 60% of the volume pumped
for drinking-water supply.
V>
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
i Agency slide iss of 419
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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Ambient Water
(slide 2 of 3)
Bradley et al.
2017
This study, published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the EPA's Office of Research and Development,
provides water data for 719 compounds sampled in 38 streams across the U.S. using 14 different methods. Study locations
include a mixture of urban and agricultural watersheds.
Padhye et al.
2013
This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight
sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess
occurrence of PPCPs and EDCs in finished drinking water.
SESQA
In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) assessed stream quality
across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States. The goal of the Southeast
Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) was to characterize multiple water-quality factors that are stressors to aquatic life-
contaminants, nutrients, sediment, and streamflow alterationand the relation of these stressors to ecological conditions in
streams throughout the region.
State Drinking
Water
Monitoring Data
For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for
unregulated contaminants in ambient water along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the
dataset of unregulated contaminant monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data
provide varying degrees of completeness in their coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of
occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analysis at
httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents-eDas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards.
V>
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
i Agency Slide 189 of 419
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Non-National Occurrence Data Assessments - Ambient Water
(slide 3 of 3)
SURF
California's Department of Pesticide Regulation Surface Water (SURF) Database was developed in 1997 to make information
concerning the presence of pesticides in California surface waters available to the public. The database includes pesticide
monitoring results from rivers, creeks, agricultural drains, urban streams, and estuaries in California. The database houses
monitoring results collected by federal, state, and local agencies, private industry, and environmental groups. This data
source contains monitoring information for 334 pesticides and pesticide metabolites.
USGS, McKenzie
River, Oregon,
2012
In the spring of 2002, the Eugene Water and Electric Board (Eugene, Oregon) initiated a pesticide monitoring program in
cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of their Drinking Water Source Protection Plan. Approximately
twice yearly pesticide samples were collected from 2002 to 2010 at a suite of sampling sites representing varying land uses in
the lower McKenzie River basin in Oregon. A total of 117 ambient samples were collected from 28 tributary and mainstem
sites, including those dominated by forestry, urban, and agricultural activities, as well as the mouths of major tributaries
characterized by a mixture of upstream land use. Constituents tested included 175 compounds in filtered water (72
herbicides, 43 insecticides, 10 fungicides, and 36 of their degradation products, as well as 14 pharmaceutical compounds).
USGS, Sioux Falls
Area, 2012
A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in
2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface
water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are
present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if
sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality
samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area.
V>
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
i Agency slide 190 of 419
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Appendix B: Contaminants Under
Consideration: Background, Health,
and Occurrence Information
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 191 of 419
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Contaminant Information - Background
CASRN
Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CASRN) is a unique identifier assigned by the
Chemical Abstracts Service (a division of the American Chemical Society) to every chemical
substance in the open scientific literature
DTXSID
Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers (DTXSID) is a unique
substance identifier used in EPA's CompTox Chemicals database, where a substance can be
any single chemical, mixture or polymer
Contaminant Group/Use
Chemical group (e.g., pesticide, metal, disinfection byproduct (DBP)), or contaminant use.
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
Contaminants status on the fifth Preliminary and/or Final Contaminant Candidate List
Health and Occurrence Information
Status
Availability of an EPA health assessment as well as a finished and/or ambient drinking
water occurrence data
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/
Transport
Measures to determine the longevity of contaminants and their potential migration in the
environment and water systems
Use/Production/Release
Different ways that toxic chemicals are used, produced, and released into the air, water,
and land
PubMed Articles
Count of research articles from a PubMed search for a contaminant (through December
2019)
A United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 192of419
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Health Assessment Values
The health values are calculated drinking water concentrations based on publicly-
available information:
2018 Edition of Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories (DWSHA) Tables
_ https://www.epa.gov/svstem/files/documents/2022-01/dwtable2018.pdf
CCL 5 Technical Support Documents
_ https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents
Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP)
_ https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/human-health-benchmarks
Other non-EPA sources (e.g., Health Canada)
The health values are:
Not federally enforceable
Subject to change as health effects information becomes available
Calculated using different assumptions (e.g., body weight, intake, population group)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 193 of 419
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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Background
CASRN
79-34-5
DTXSID
DTXSID7021318
Contaminant Group/Use
Industrial solvent; former pesticide; in manufacture of paints, varnish, rust
removers; in soil sterilization and weed killer, insecticide formulations; chemical
intermediate
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 18.2 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.34
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 99.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.59xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 5,936 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
53
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 194 of 419
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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (2010)
Critical Effect
Hepatocellular carcinomas
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.2 (mg/kg/day)1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.148 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW (2008):
o CCL-HRL = 0.348 |ig/L; CSF = 0.085 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 63.3 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day
o CCL-HRL = 63.4 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day
IRIS (2010): CCL-HRL = 118 |ig/L; RfD = 0.02 mg/kg/day
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 195 of 419
-------
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (2003):
o CCL-HRL = 0.197 |ig/L; CSF = 0.2 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 6.51 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0011 mg/kg/day
CDC ATSDR (2008):
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.5 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)
CalEPA OEHHA (2003): Public Health Goal = 0.0001 mg/L (0.1 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 35.4 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (2012): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
IRIS (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
OW (2008): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 196 of 419
-------
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 91 of 20,407 (0.45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 200 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,800 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1-2 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 466 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,098 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 6,771 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.38 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 3,039 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 2.1 - 18 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 4 of 4,714 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.8 - 4.28 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,521 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 158 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 197 of 419
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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Background
CASRN
96-18-4
DTXSID
DTXSID9021390
Contaminant Group/Use
Paint ingredient
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
National finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.47xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.22
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.96xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 5,040 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
50
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 198 of 419
-------
1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (2009)
Critical Effect
Forestomach neoplasms
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
30 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.00230 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
IRIS (2009): CCL-HRL = 23.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day
OW (1989): CCL-HRL = 35.5 |ig/L; RfD = 0.006 mg/kg/day
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
0 10-day Health Advisory = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (2009):
0 CCL-HRL = 0.00118 |ig/L; CSF = 25 (mg/kg/day)1
0 CCL-HRL = 33.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 199 of 419
-------
1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (2009):
Public Health Goal = 0.0000007 mg/L (0.0007 |ig/L)
Benchmark = 0.000005 mg/L (0.005 |ig/L)
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.000003 mg/L (0.003 |ig/L)
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (2021): Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day; Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 320 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 0.806 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
IRIS (2009): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
WHO IARC (1995): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 200 of 419
-------
1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence
(slide 1 of 2)
Best Available Occurrence Information
UCMR 3 (2013-2015): Detected in 67 of 4,916 (1.36%) sites; Concentration range
= 0.03 - 1.02 ng/L
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 44 of 17,392 (0.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 112 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,088 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 3,000 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 69 of 502 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 29 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,204 (0%) sites
CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site; Median and 90th percentile concentrations are 400 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 201 of 419
-------
1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,695 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 |ig/L- 2.92 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 3,640 (1.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 [xg/l - 1.16 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 373 of 4,640 (8.04%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 |ig/L - 270 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 1.9 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 14 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,690 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0322 |ig/L - 0.0348 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Detected in 1 of 112 (0.89%) sites; Concentration = 0.33 \xg/l
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 685 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 |ig/L - 0.526 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 202 of 419
-------
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Background
CASRN
95-63-6
DTXSID
DTXSID6021402
Contaminant Group/Use
Chemical intermediate; vermifuge
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and finished ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.98 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.17xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.67
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.13xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.61xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 6,705,334 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
61
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 203 of 419
-------
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (2016)
Critical Effect
Decreased pain sensitivity
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.01 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L
Additional Health Information
Other:
MN DOH (2023):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.33 mg/L (330 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3280 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
IRIS (2016): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)
PPRTV (2007): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
OW (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 204 of 419
-------
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 106 of 12,755 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 77 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 174 of 22,965 (0.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 137 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 405 (1.23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.039 - 22.3 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 11 of 884 (1.24%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 2.4 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,188 (0.08%) sites; Concentration = 1.4 \xg/l
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 695 of 7,705 (9.02%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 260 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 217 of 3,703 (5.86%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 180 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 4,250 (0.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.034 - 3.5 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 130 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.6 - 0.8 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,665 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 18 of 685 (2.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.012 - 0.274 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 205 of 419
-------
1,3-Dichloropropene: Background
CASRN
542-75-6
DTXSID
DTXSID1022057
Contaminant Group/Use
Pesticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.37 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.11
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 52.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 7,907 lbs
USGS (2016): 59,344,846 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
185
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 206 of 419
-------
1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2008)
Critical Effect
Forestomach, liver, adrenal, and thyroid tumors found in male rats
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.122 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.243 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2008): CCL-HRL= 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day
DWHSA (2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.00027 (0.27 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 207 of 419
-------
1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDC ATSDR (2008):
o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.04 mg/kg/day
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019):
o Public Health Goal = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L)
o CSF = 0.091 (mg/kg/day)1
WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
MN DOH (accessed 2018): Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 94 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 33.2 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2008): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 208 of 419
-------
1,3-Dichloropropene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCMR 1 Small Systems (2001-2003): Not detected in 796 (0%) sites
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 15 of 9,164 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-2 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 58 of 16,787 (0.35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2 - 39 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 464 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 879 (0.11%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 \xg/l
Ambient Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 4,667 (0.11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.52 - 10 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 129 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 94 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 209 of 419
-------
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid
(MCPP): Background
CASRN
93-65-2
DTXSID
DTXSID9024194
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.66xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.97
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 57.9 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.72xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 254 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,823 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
120
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 210 of 419
-------
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP):
Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2019)
Critical Effect
Increased kidney weights and chronic nephropathy
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.04 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.7 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 9.00
mg/kg/day
Other:
WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 369 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2019): S (Suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 211 of 419
-------
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid
(MCPP): Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 12 (50%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.19 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 27 of 229 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.16 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 107 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 212 of 419
-------
2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid
(MCPA): Background
CASRN
94-74-6
DTXSID
DTXSID4024195
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.08xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.70
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 77.9 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.28xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 474 lbs
USGS (2016): 4,113,376 lbs
PubMed Article Count
419
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 213 of 419
-------
2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA):
Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Nephrotoxicity
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.044 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 260 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.210 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.02 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
3.00 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 214 of 419
-------
2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA):
Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 439 mg/kg
CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.35 mg/L (350 |ig/L)
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 215 of 419
-------
2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid
(MCPA): Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 17 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.24 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 142 of 7,656 (1.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 18.6 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 41 of 1,411 (2.91%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 1.69 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 13 of 229 (5.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.86 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 61 (1.64%) sites; Concentration = 13 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0217 - 0.1057 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 101 of 702 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.052 - 13.59 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 216 of 419
-------
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):
Background
CASRN
94-82-6
DTXSID
DTXSID7024035
Contaminant Group/Use
Disinfection Byproduct
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.48xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.50
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.14xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 1,445,891 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
32
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 217 of 419
-------
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):
Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Increased early resorptions; decreased body weight, increased kidney
weight, increased incidence of tubular degeneration in females
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.15 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 847 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.15 mg/L (150 |ig/L); Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.89 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 4.2 mg/L (4,200 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 4.96 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0
mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 218 of 419
-------
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):
Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 400 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 219 of 419
-------
2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB)
Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.023 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 760 (0.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.13 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 229 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 620 (0.16%) sites; Concentration = 6.2 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0281 - 0.1255 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 4 of 212 (1.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.22 - 1.08 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 14 of 125 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.1 \xg/l
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 220 of 419
-------
4-tert-Octylphenol: Background
CASRN
140-66-9
DTXSID
DTXSID9022360
Contaminant Group/Use
Used in nonionic surfactants, plasticizers, antioxidants, fuel oil stabilizer,
intermediate for resins, fungicides, bactericides, dyestuffs, adhesives, rubber
chemicals
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
No EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.07 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.94xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.45xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.58xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 50,000,000 - <100,000,000 lbs
PubMed Article Count
204
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 221 of 419
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4-tert-Octylphenol: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
NA
Critical Effect
NA
Target Population
NA
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
NA
Health Value
NA
Additional Health Information
Other:
MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 67.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.051 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 222 of 419
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4-te rt-Octy I phenol: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 567 (6.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.59 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 90 of 1,406 (6.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 42.6 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0204 - 0.355 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2011-2017): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 223 of 419
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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine:
Background
CASRN
3397-62-4
DTXSID
DTXSID1037806
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 8.32 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.12xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -4.82xl0"2
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.5 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.55xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
7
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 224 of 419
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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine:
Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge in females ages 13-49 (estrous
cycle disruption)
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0676 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0018 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose = 0.01 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.700 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.60
mg/kg/day
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) = 100 |ig/day
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 225 of 419
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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.05 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 656 of 3,405 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.68 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 325 of 1,085 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 2.45 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 76 of 227 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.015 - 2.9 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 86 of 584 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.3 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 0.17 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 226 of 419
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Acephate: Background
CASRN
30560-19-1
DTXSID
DTXSID8023846
Contaminant Group
Insecticide
Contaminant Group/Use
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
National ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.783
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.79 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.11 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 74,970 lbs
TRI (2016): 27,210 lbs
USGS (2016): 4,373,575 lbs
PubMed Article Count
160
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 227 of 419
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Acephate: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase in male pups on postnatal day 11
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0003 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.397 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.250 mg/kg/day; subchronic LOAEL = 0.120 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 233 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 228 of 419
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Acephate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 135 of 1760 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 - 10.4 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 835 (4.19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00082 - 10.4 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 34 of 118 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.132 - 13.5 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 229 of 419
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Ametryn: Background
CASRN
834-12-8
DTXSID
DTXSID1023869
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.11
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 310 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.51xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 33,682 lbs
USGS (2016): 188,062 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
68
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 230 of 419
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Ametryn: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2017)
Critical Effect
Degenerative and inflammatory liver effects
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.072 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 426 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 9 mg/L (9,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.9 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 7.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 36.1 mg/kg/day
Other:
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 508 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2017): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 231 of 419
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Ametryn: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA: Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 141 of 2,091 (6.74%) sites; Concentration range = lxlO 4 |ig/L- 1.05 \xg/l
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 43 of 1,003 (4.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00092 |ig/L-0.266 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 17 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 71 (0%) sites
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 232 of 419
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Bensulide: Background
CASRN
741-58-2
DTXSID
DTXSID9032329
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 200 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.17
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.45xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 710,457 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
4
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 233 of 419
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Bensulide: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase in pups
Target Population
Bottle-fed infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.006 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 7.95 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.00
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 270 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2016): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 234 of 419
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Bensulide: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Ambient Water
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 320 of 544 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 |ig/L - 142 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 235 of 419
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Bentazon: Background
CASRN
25057-89-0
DTXSID
DTXSID0023901
Contaminant Group/Use
Former herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.57xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.21
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 81.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.02xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 2,631,678 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
118
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 236 of 419
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Bentazon: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2014)
Critical Effect
Decreased pup body weight during lactation
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.15 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 199 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.20 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 13.1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 243.3 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 237 of 419
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Bentazon: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)
CalEPA OEHHA (2009): Public Health Goal = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 383.2 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2014): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 238 of 419
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Bentazon: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 17 (47%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L - 0.1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 211 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 470 of 7,741 (6.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 |ig/L - 19 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 135 of 1,535 (8.79%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00117 |ig/L- 13.2 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 79 of 229 (34%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L- 1.31 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 2,231 (0.13%) sites; Concentration range = 4.6 |ig/L - 9.2 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 13 of 690 (1.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 |ig/L - 0.398 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0116 |ig/L - 0.088 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 4 of 126 (3.2%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.03 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 239 of 419
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Bifenthrin: Background
CASRN
82657-04-3
DTXSID
DTXSID9020160
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 7.14
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.29xl05 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.76xl0"8 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 16,519 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,403,807 lbs
PubMed Article Count
246
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 240 of 419
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Bifenthrin: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2012)
Critical Effect
Reduced locomotor activity
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.010 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 13.2 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
Acute Benchmark = 0.21 mg/L (210 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.031 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 5.00
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 54.5 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2012): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 241 of 419
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Bifenthrin: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0053 - 0.036 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,994 (1.05%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~5 - 0.129 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 966 (2.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00148 - 0.35 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 201 (0.5%) sites; Concentration = 0.008 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 584 (0.17%) sites; Concentration = lxlO 4 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0218 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 970 of 4,917 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00062 - 5.633527 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 242 of 419
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Boron: Background
CASRN
7440-42-8
DTXSID
DTXSID3023922
Contaminant Group/Use
Former pesticide; oxygen scavenger; catalyst; in composite structural
materials
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
National finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = NA
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = NA
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.230
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = NA
Water Solubility = 4.04 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 64,606 lbs
PubMed Article Count
3,232
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 243 of 419
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Boron: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OW HA (2008)
Critical Effect
Decreased fetal body weights
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.17 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 960 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
IRIS (2004): CCL-HRL = 1,130 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 244 of 419
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Boron: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDWG:
o (1990): CCL-HRL = 207 |ig/L; RfD = 0.035 mg/kg/day
o (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L); (Proposed MAC = 2mg/L (2,000 |ig/L))
o Health Based Value = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
WHO (2009):
o CCL-HRL = 960 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.17 mg/kg/day
o Drinking water Guideline Value = 2.4 mg/L (2,400 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (2010): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
Cancer Classification:
IRIS (2004): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 245 of 419
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Boron: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NIRS (1984-1986): Detected in 810 of 989 (82%) sites; Concentration range = 5
3,950 |J.g/L
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 192 of 273 (70%) sites; Concentration range = 0.076 - 9,000 |ig/L
CWSS (2006): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites; Median concentration = 140 |ig/L, 90th percentile concentration = 200 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 6,014 of 6,327 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 8,470 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 9,526 of 10,148 (94%) sites; Concentration range = 1 - 564,000 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1,184 of 1,929 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0151 - 235,000 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 738 of 757 (97%) sites; Concentration range = 3 - 4080 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 246 of 419
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Bromacil: Background
CASRN
314-40-9
DTXSID
DTXSID4022020
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.35xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.95
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 39.8 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.63xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 253,973 lbs
PubMed Article Count
47
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 247 of 419
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Bromacil: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Decreases in mean absolute body weight and decreased food efficiency
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0196 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 116 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.64 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.82 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 641 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 248 of 419
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Bromacil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 15 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.069 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 174 (0%) sites
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 482 of 7,914 (6.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00043 - 21.7 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 53 of 227 (23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 21.8 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2,117 (0.05%) sites; Concentration = 1.5 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 32 of 690 (4.64%) sites; Concentration range = 4xl0~4 - 7.76 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.1 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 100 of 2,953 (3.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 68 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 249 of 419
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Bromoxynil: Background
CASRN
1689-84-5
DTXSID
DTXSID3022162
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.38x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.96xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 31 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,957,908 lbs
PubMed Article Count
73
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 250 of 419
-------
Bromoxynil: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Hepatocellular tumors
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.103 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.287 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 88.8 |ig/L; RfD = 0.015 mg/kg/day
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.089 mg/L (89 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.015 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.08 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.300 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 251 of 419
-------
Bromoxynil: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 63 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 252 of 419
-------
Bromoxynil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 7,736 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 6.1 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 10 of 1,535 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0056 - 0.269 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 8 (12%) sites; Concentration = 0.065 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0128 - 0.1185 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 253 of 419
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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Background
CASRN
85-68-7
DTXSID
DTXSID3020205
Contaminant Group/Use
Chemical intermediate; plasticizer
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.88xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.83
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.91x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.30xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs
PubMed Article Count
179
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 254 of 419
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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
PPRTV (2002)
Critical Effect
Increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in male F334 rats
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.0019 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 15.6 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
IRIS (1989): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; Chronic RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0001 (0.10 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 255 of 419
-------
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 1,200 |ig/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg
CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 347 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
PPRTV (2002): C (Possible human carcinogen)
WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)
OW (1991): C (Possible human carcinogen)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 256 of 419
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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 21 (4.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 0.077 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 484 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 22 (9.09%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 32 of 487 (6.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2-5 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 221 (0.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 8.5 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 638 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 4.7 - 5.7 \xg/l
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 257 of 419
-------
Carbamazepine: Background
CASRN
298-46-4
DTXSID
DTXSID4022731
Contaminant Group/Use
Analgesic; anticonvulsant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 6.61 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.24xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.41
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 550 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.30xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
10,111
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 258 of 419
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Carbamazepine: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OW (FDA/NIH (2018))
Critical Effect
Lowest therapeutic dose: anticonvulsant/ seizure therapy
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0008 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-SL = 5.60 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 20.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0008 mg/kg/day (General Population)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
0 Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
0 Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
0 Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
FDA (2008): MRDD = 26.7 mg/kg/day
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 259 of 419
-------
Carbamazepine: Occurrence
(slide 1 of 2)
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005503 |ig/L - 0.0007611 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 2 of 25 (8%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0265 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 |ig/L - 2.5xl0~5 ฑ 8.8xl0~6 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 260 of 419
-------
Carbamazepine: Occurrence
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 62 of 626 (9.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 0.468 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 304 of 1,441 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 74 of 182 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.2493 |ig/L
Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 18 of 1,106 (1.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029133 -0.1620862 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0008717 - 0.3827473 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 7 of 25 (28%) sites; Maximum concentration 0.0357 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5x107 ฑ 1x107 - 4.1xl0~6 ฑ 1.2xl0~6 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.014 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 261 of 419
-------
Carbaryl: Background
CASRN
63-25-2
DTXSID
DTXSID9020247
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide; Veterinary Medication
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.38xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.39
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 194 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.18xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 872 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,981,350 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
1,135
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 262 of 419
-------
Carbaryl: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2017)
Critical Effect
Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose
0.01 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 13.2 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2017): CCL-HRL = 33.8 |ig/L; CSF = 0.000875 (mg/kg/day)1
DWSHA (2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L)
Other:
CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 128 mg/kg
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2017): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 263 of 419
-------
Carbaryl: Occurrence
(slide 1 of 2)
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 4 of 12,623 sites (0.03%); Concentration range = 0.68 - 3 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.3 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 171 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 264 of 419
-------
Carbaryl: Occurrence
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 820 of 11,274 (7.27%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.00038 - 23.5 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 387 of 5,221 sites (7.41%); Concentration range = 0.00037 - 3.13 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 229 sites (3.06%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.33 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,747 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.75 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 6 of 796 sites (0.75%); Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0033 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 11 of 38 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.257 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 332 of 9,207 sites (3.61%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 13 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 35 of 133 (26%) samples; Maximum concentration = 1.3 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 265 of 419
-------
Carbendazim: Background
CASRN
10605-21-7
DTXSID
DTXSID4024729
Contaminant Group/Use
Fungicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.55
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.67xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
519
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 266 of 419
-------
Carbendazim: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2014)
Critical Effect
Hepatocellular adenoma and/or carcinoma
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor
0.00239 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 12.4 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2014): CCL-HRL = 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day
OPP(HHBP) (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.83 mg/L (830 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.14 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.93 mg/L (930 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.014 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 7.19 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 16.5 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 267 of 419
-------
Carbendazim: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg
Cancer classification:
OPP (2014): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 268 of 419
-------
Carbendazim: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 7 sites (14%); Concentration = 0.003 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 212 of 1,757 sites (12%); Concentration range = 0.00014 - 1.79 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 115 sites (3.48%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.121 |ig/L
Arnold et al. (2016): Detected in 5 of 584 (0.86%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.0013 - 0.157 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 33 of 122 sites (27%); Concentration range = 0.0043 -0.1559 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 269 of 419
-------
Carbon disulfide: Background
CASRN
75-15-0
DTXSID
DTXSID6023947
Contaminant Group/Use
Former insecticide/fumigant; rubber additive; industrial solvent; chemical
intermediate
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 17.8 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"2 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 133 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 76,858,325 lbs
PubMed Article Count
1,770
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 270 of 419
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Carbon disulfide: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (1987)
Critical Effect
Fetal toxicity and fetal malformations
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.1 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 565 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
Other:
CDC ATSDR (1996):
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.7 mg/L (700 |ig/L)
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.16 mg/L (160 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,125 mg/kg
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 271 of 419
-------
Carbon disulfide: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 127 (6.3%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 8.72 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 9 of 26 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01649 - 0.2946 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 723 of 6,049 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 34 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 183 of 3,385 (5.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 12.4 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 20 of 799 (2.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.51 - 240 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 120 of 685 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 4.2 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01248 - 0.2378 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 272 of 419
-------
Chlorothalonil: Background
CASRN
1897-45-6
DTXSID
DTXSID0020319
Contaminant Group/Use
Fungicide; bacteriocide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.16
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.65xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.10xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 1,036,631 lbs
USGS (2016): 11,506,189 lbs
PubMed Article Count
251
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 273 of 419
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Chlorothalonil: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2010)
Critical Effect
Renal epithelial hyperplasia in the proximal convoluted tubules of females
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.02 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 118 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.80 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.900 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
2.30 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 274 of 419
-------
Chlorothalonil: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.017 (mg/kg/day)1
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 242 mg/kg
CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 1,180 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 275 of 419
-------
Chlorothalonil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 12 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 69 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 5,787 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 3.33 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 22 of 207 (11%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4 - 0.158 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 3.2 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 739 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.018 - 0.036 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0033 - 0.0065 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 565 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0067 - 0.187 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 276 of 419
-------
Clothianidin: Background
CASRN
210880-92-5
DTXSID
DTXSID2034465
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.290
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 17.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.06xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 163,492 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
121
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 277 of 419
-------
Clothianidin: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2019)
Critical Effect
Decreased body weight gain, delayed sexual maturation, decreased thymus
weights in first filial generation pups, increased stillbirths in F1 and F2
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.098 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 130 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
bPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.58 mg/L (580 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.098 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 1.7 mg/L (1,700 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.25 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 21.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 40.90000153
mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 278 of 419
-------
Clothianidin: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 389 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2019): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 279 of 419
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Clothianidin: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 sites (30%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.018 |ig/L
Klarich et al. (2016): Detected in 16 of 20 sites (80%); Concentration range = 0.00389 - 0.03346 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1 of 5 sites (20%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 0.0019 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 59 of 143 sites (41%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4- 1.34 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 227 sites (1.32%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.045 |ig/L
Bradley at al. (2012-2014): Detected in 9 of 38 sites (24%); Concentration range = 0.0026 - 0.0663 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 279 sites (1.79%); Concentration range = 0.0311 - 0.0675 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 280 of 419
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Cycloate: Background
CASRN
1134-23-2
DTXSID
DTXSID6032356
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide for annual grasses, nutgrass, many broadleafweeds in sugar
beets, table beets, spinach
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.69 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.70xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.82
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 377 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.33xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 10 lbs
USGS (2016): 48,166 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
9
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 281 of 419
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Cycloate: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Spinal nerve axonal atrophy and femoral nerve alteration in females
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0005 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 2.96 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.44 mg/L (440 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.066 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day
Other:
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,275 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 282 of 419
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Cycloate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 2,751 sites (0.15%); Concentration range = 0.009 - 0.48 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 984 sites (0.2%); Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.128 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 121 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 16 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013) Not detected in 106 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0287 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 180 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0136 - 0.601 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 283 of 419
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Deisopropylatrazine: Background
CASRN
1007-28-9
DTXSID
DTXSID0037495
Contaminant Group/Use
Degradation product of atrazine
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5 List
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.OOxlO"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.23
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 51.3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.52xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
12
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 284 of 419
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Deisopropylatrazine: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption)
Target Population
Woman of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.076 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 18.0
mg/kg/day
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 285 of 419
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Deisopropylatrazine: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 0.469 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 802 of 4,489 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 4.44 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 374 of 2,038 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 2.66 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 68 of 229 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 1.03 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 61 of 690 (8.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.489 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 286 of 419
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Desethylatrazine: Background
CASRN
6190-65-4
DTXSID
DTXSID5037494
Contaminant Group/Use
Degradation product of atrazine
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5 List
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 97.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.77xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
15
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 287 of 419
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Desethylatrazine: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption)
Target Population
Woman of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.076 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.30 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 35.1 mg/kg/day
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 288 of 419
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Desethylatrazine: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00072 - 0.928 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.032 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4,408 of 11,386 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00068 - 6.08 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 1,628 of 4,228 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00075 - 3.63 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 155 of 229 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000716 - 1.55 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 115 of 690 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.802 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 26 of 38 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0047 - 0.851 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 21 of 134 (16%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.013 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.114 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 289 of 419
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Diazepam: Background
CASRN
439-14-5
DTXSID
DTXSID4020406
Contaminant Group/Use
Anxiolytic; skeletal muscle relaxant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.86
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 776 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.59xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
25,902
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 290 of 419
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Diazepam: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OW (FDA/NIH (2018))
Critical Effect
Lowest therapeutic dose: anxiolytic, sedative, muscle-relaxant,
anticonvulsant and amnestic effects
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-SL = 0.110 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 0.390 |ig/L; RfD = 1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day (General Population)
Other:
FDA (2008): MRDD = 0.667 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 48 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 291 of 419
-------
Diazepam: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.00085 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 556 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00047 - 0.00115 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 611 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.18 |ig/L
Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Not detected in 1,106 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001681 - 0.0047434 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 292 of 419
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Dicamba: Background
CASRN
1918-00-9
DTXSID
DTXSID4024018
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.47
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 29.4 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.04xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 103,389 lbs
USGS (2016): 9,773,162 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
148
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 293 of 419
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Dicamba: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Decreased pup weight
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.04 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 53.0 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 122 mg/kg/day
Other:
CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.11 mg/L (110 |ig/L)
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 757 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 294 of 419
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Dicamba: Occurrence
(slide 1 of 2)
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 48 of 14,034 (0.34%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 4.06 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 12 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.094 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 185 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 819 (0.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.7 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 782 (0%) sites
CWSS (2006): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 295 of 419
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Dicamba: Occurrence
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991 - 2017): Detected in 133 of 7,759 (1.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 9.97 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008 - 2017): Detected 26 of 1,539 (1.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 16.6 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 229 (2.62%) sites; Concentration range= 0.0165 -0.112 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 1,936 (0.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.21 - 3 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.44 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 968 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 117 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.474 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.1453 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 286 of 1,058 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 14 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.58 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 296 of 419
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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Background
CASRN
62-73-7
DTXSID
DTXSID5020449
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide; veterinary medicine
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.07xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.00
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 56.3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.117 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
1,106
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 297 of 419
-------
Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP HHBP (2020)
Critical Effect
Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.00006 mg/kg/day
Health Value
0.3 |ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2006): CCL-HRL = 2.96 |ig/L; 0.0005 mg/kg/day
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.100 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.50
mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 298 of 419
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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDC ATSDR (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.0005 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimum Risk Level = 0.004 mg/kg/day
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.29 (mg/kg/day)1
CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 3.21 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 6.51 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)
WHO IARC (1990) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 299 of 419
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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.027 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 4,978 (1.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 0.402 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 3,859 (1.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0062 - 2.24 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 120 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range= 0.027 - 0.0595 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 30 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 20 of 9,029 (0.22%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 0.634 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 300 of 419
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Dicrotophos: Background
CASRN
141-66-2
DTXSID
DTXSID9023914
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.01xl0"n atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.424
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 27.6 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.45 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 1,067,130 lbs
PubMed Article Count
28
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 301 of 419
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Dicrotophos: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Inhibition of brain cholinesterase in adult rat
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.00003 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.0397 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.005 mg/L (0.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00007 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day
Other:
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 9 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 302 of 419
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Dicrotophos: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.0034 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 33 of 4,916 (0.67%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~4 - 6.83 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 145 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 -0.0015 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 303 of 419
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Diethyl phthalate: Background
CASRN
84-66-2
DTXSID
DTXSID7021780
Contaminant Group/Use
Solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, plasticizer, wetting agent;
in plastics, perfumery as fixative and solvent, alcohol denaturant,
plasticizer in solid rocket propellants.
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.13 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.63
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 102 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.53xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
219
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 304 of 419
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Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OW (1992)
Critical Effect
Decreased weight gain and kidney weight
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.75 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 4,440 |J.g/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 4,730 |ig/L; RfD = 0.8 mg/kg/day
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 56.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 197 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 305 of 419
-------
Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (1995):
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 6 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 7 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OW (1992): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
IRIS (1988): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 306 of 419
-------
Diethyl phthalate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 6.2 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 483 (0.21%) sites; Concentration = 4.9 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 46 (6.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 189 of 1,236 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.06 - 60.4 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 113 (1.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 13.6 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 638 (0.31%) sites; Concentration range = 0.421 - 1.1 \xg/l
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.128 - 0.142 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 307 of 419
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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA):
Background
CASRN
380412-59-9
DTXSID
DTXSID4037530
Contaminant Group/Use
Pesticide metabolite
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
No EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.43
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 33.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = l.llxlO"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
NA
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 308 of 419
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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA): Health
Effects
EPA Health Assessment
NA
Critical Effect
NA
Target Population
NA
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
NA
Health Value
NA
Additional Health Information
Other:
MN DOH (2013): CCL-SL = 355 |ig/L; RfD = 0.06 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 309 of 419
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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA)
Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 12 (42%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00105 - 0.03 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 73 of 2,539 (2.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0126 - 0.596 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 25 of 229 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001049 - 0.061 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration = 0.02 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 310 of 419
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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Background
CASRN
84-74-2
DTXSID
DTXSID2021781
Contaminant Group/Use
Plasticizer in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polish and
solid rocket propellants; in perfumes; in textiles; in safety glass; insecticides; in
printing inks; resin solvent; paper coatings; and adhesives
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.37 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.82xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.68
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.65xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.45xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 248,348 lbs
PubMed Article Count
831
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 311 of 419
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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
Health Assessment
CDC ATSDR (2001)
Critical Effect
Absence of increased mortality and hematological effects
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.5 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 2,820 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day
IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 312 of 419
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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 4,840 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
IRIS (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 313 of 419
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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.137 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 483 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.637 - 26.4 \xg/l
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 22 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3-2 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008 -2017): Detected in 71 of 514 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.04 - 5 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 7 of 247 (2.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 8.1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1 - 1.1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 8 of 638 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.477 - 6 \xg/l
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 314 of 419
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Esfenvalerate: Background
CASRN
66230-04-4
DTXSID
DTXSID4032667
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide; medication
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.32xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 6.48
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.07xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.05xl0"8 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 157,875 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
483
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 315 of 419
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Esfenvalerate: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2017)
Critical Effect
Reduced locomotor activity
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0037 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 4.90 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP(HHBP) (2021):
o Acute Benchmark = 0.073 mg/L (73 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.011 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 88 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2017): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 316 of 419
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Esfenvalerate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 2,965 (0%) sites
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Not detected in 143 (0%) sites
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 119 (0%) sites
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 152 of 4,983 (3.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000335 -3.48 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 317 of 419
-------
Fipronil: Background
CASRN
120068-37-3
DTXSID
DTXSID4034609
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide, seed treatment/protectant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 5.23x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.86xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 7,124 lbs
PubMed Article Count
590
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 318 of 419
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Fipronil: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2011)
Critical Effect
Increased incidence of seizures and death, alterations in clinical chemistry (protein),
increased thyroid stimulating hormone, decreased thyroxine (T4)
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0002 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 1.13 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0002 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.025 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.90xl0~2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 0.320 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protectior
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 319 of 419
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Fipronil: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 91 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2011): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 320 of 419
-------
Fipronil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 402 of 5,307 (7.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00014 - 6.41 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 367 of 4,062 (9.03%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00022 - 0.181 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 15 of 121 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00058 - 0.013 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.003 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 17 of 38 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0066 - 0.153 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 513 of 1,135 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00031 - 2.11 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 5 of 119 (4.2%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.041 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 321 of 419
-------
Flufenacet: Background
CASRN
142459-58-3
DTXSID
DTXSID2032552
Contaminant Group/Use
Preemergent herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.13xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.15
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.52xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.25xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 115,383 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
13
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 322 of 419
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Flufenacet: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Decreased pup body weight, delayed eye opening, delayed preputial separation,
decreased caudate putamen size
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0017 (mg/kg/day)
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 2.25 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.010 mg/L (10 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.29 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.20 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.70 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 6
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 371 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be a human carcinogen)
United States
Environmental Protectior
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 323 of 419
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Flufenacet: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 4 (25%) sites; Concentration = 0.075 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 15 of 973 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.44 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 455 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.08 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 324 of 419
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Fluometuron: Background
CASRN
2164-17-2
DTXSID
DTXSID8020628
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.37
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 117 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.00xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 1,023,468 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
34
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 325 of 419
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Fluometuron: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Combined adenomas/carcinomas in the lung of males and malignant
lymphocytic lymphomas in females
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.018 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 1.64 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2016): CCL-HRL = 29.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 326 of 419
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Fluometuron: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 810 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 55.4 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 327 of 419
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Fluometuron: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 15 (40%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001998 - 0.042 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 242 of 7,813 (3.1%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 31.5 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,744 (2.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00424 - 2.71 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; 0.001998 - 0.229 [xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 24 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 7 of 690 (1.01%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003 - 0.0514 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.0175 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 1 of 393 (0.25%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L
USGS McKenzie River, Oregon 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 2 of 126 (1.6%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.02 \xg/l
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 328 of 419
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Fluoranthene: Background
CASRN
206-44-0
DTXSID
DTXSID3024104
Contaminant Group/Use
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; occurs as a result of incomplete burning
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 148 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.10
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.66xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.78xl0"7 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 775,055 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
398
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 329 of 419
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Fluoranthene: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (1990)
Critical Effect
Nephropathy, increased liver weights, hematological alterations, and clinical
effects
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.04 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
PPRTV (2012): Subchronic RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 330 of 419
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Fluoranthene: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
WHO (2003): CCL-HRL = 74.0 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.0125 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (1995):
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.4 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
PPRTV (2012): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)
WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 331 of 419
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Fluoranthene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 20 (5%) sites; Concentration = 0.002 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 42 of 589 (7.13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.15 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 345 of 1,961 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 25.6 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 90 (1.11%) sites; Concentration = 0.034 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0045 - 0.0564 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 332 of 419
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Fluoxetine: Background
CASRN
54910-89-3
DTXSID
DTXSID7023067
Contaminant Group/Use
Antidepressant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.25
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.27xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
8,127
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 333 of 419
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Fluoxetine: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OW (FDA/NIH (2018))
Critical Effect
Lowest therapeutic dose: treatment of major depressive disorder/bulimia;
nervosa/obsessive compulsive disorder/Panic disorder
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.00008 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-SL = 0.560 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 2.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.00008 mg/kg/day (General Population)
Other:
FDA (2018): MRDD = 1.33 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 334 of 419
-------
Fluoxetine: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.92xl0~5 ฑ 7xl0~7 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 557 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00585 - 0.0171 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 607 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.169 |ig/L
Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 10 of 182 (5.49%) sites; Concentration range = 9xl0~4 - 0.0248 |ig/L
Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 1 of 1,106 (0.09%) sites; Concentration = 0.0170815 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065174 - 0.0246002 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 9 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.00053 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 3 of 8 (38%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 9xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 335 of 419
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Gemfibrozil: Background
CASRN
25812-30-0
DTXSID
DTXSID0020652
Contaminant Group/Use
Antihyperlipoproteinemic
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.75xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.44
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
1,287
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 336 of 419
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Gemfibrozil: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OW (FDA/NIH (2018))
Critical Effect
Lowest therapeutic dose: lipid regulation (decreases very low-density
lipoprotein (VLDL), increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol)
Target Population
Bottle-Fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.005 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-SL = 33.0 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 120 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day (General Population)
Other:
FDA (2018): MRDD = 20 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 316 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Slide 337 of 419
-------
Gemfibrozil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 27 of 182 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0051 - 0.1125 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 338 of 419
-------
Hexazinone: Background
CASRN
51235-04-2
DTXSID
DTXSID4024145
Contaminant Group/Use
Post emergence contact herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.07xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 41.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.63xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 1,574 lbs
USGS (2016): 483,326 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
56
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 339 of 419
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Hexazinone: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Decreased body weight, hepatoxicity (clinical chemical changes and
microscopic lesions)
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.05 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 296 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 31.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 123
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 860 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 340 of 419
-------
Hexazinone: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.087 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065 - 0.0087 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 375 of 4,886 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4- 1.23 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 218 (6.42%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.021 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Arnold et al. 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 39 of 690 (5.65%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0929 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029 - 0.0466 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 347 o2f 1,615 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0036 - 35 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 19 of 71 (27%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.097 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2002-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 341 of 419
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Iprodione: Background
CASRN
36734-19-7
DTXSID
DTXSID3024154
Contaminant Group/Use
Fungicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.99
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 510 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.85xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 376,298 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
100
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 342 of 419
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Iprodione: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2012)
Critical Effect
Leydig cell tumor
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.0439 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.674 |ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2012): CCL-HRL = 296 |ig/L; RfD = 0.05 mg/kg/day
OPP HHBP (2021):
0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.36 mg/L (360 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.061 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 12.4 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 60.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 151 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3,500 mg/kg
Cancer Classification
OPP (2012): = L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 343 of 419
-------
Iprodione: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 11 (0%) sites
Bradley et. al 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0174 - 0.0174 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 46 of 3,669 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 141 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 33 of 2,582 (1.28%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 1.24 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites
Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites
Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0246 - 0.0855 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 344 of 419
-------
Isophorone: Background
CASRN
78-59-1
DTXSID
DTXSID8020759
Contaminant Group/Use
Solvent mixtures for finishes, for polyvinyl and nitrocellulose resins, stoving
lacquers
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.72 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.10
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 70.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.91xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs
PubMed Article Count
35
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 345 of 419
-------
Isophorone: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (1999)
Critical Effect
Preputial gland carcinoma
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.000608 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 48.7 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW (1992):
o CCL-HRL = 7.40 |ig/L; CSF = 0.004 (mg/kg/day)-1
o CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
OPP (1999): CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.15 mg/kg/day
IRIS (1992):
o CCL-HRL = 31.1 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00095 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 346 of 419
-------
Isophorone: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 15 mg/L (15,000 |ig/L)
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.034 mg/L (34 |ig/L)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (2018):
o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk level = 3 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg
CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 203 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (1999): C (Possible human carcinogen)
IRIS (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen)
OW (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 347 of 419
-------
Isophorone: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.149 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.032 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 52 of 1,920 (2.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.9 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 513 of 2,701 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 18.2 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 47 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 527 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 24 of 38 (63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.0991 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 348 of 419
-------
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Background
CASRN
98-82-8
DTXSID
DTXSID1021827
Contaminant Group/Use
NA
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 14.8 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.52xl0"2 atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OlxlO3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.24xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 994,604 lbs
PubMed Article Count
93
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 349 of 419
-------
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
IRIS (1997)
Critical Effect
Increased average kidney weight
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.1 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 11 mg/L (11,000 |ig/L)
Other:
WHO (1999): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.1 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018): Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,400 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (2011): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
IRIS (1997): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 350 of 419
-------
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 35 of 12,771 sites (0.27%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 10 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 56 of 22,995 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.1 - 15 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected at 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 75 of 6,831 sites (1.1%); Concentration range = 0.005 - 27 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 4,277 sites (1.19%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 39.6 \xg/l
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 158 (0.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.064 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites
SESQA (2014): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 351 of 419
-------
Lactofen: Background
CASRN
77501-63-4
DTXSID
DTXSID7024160
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OOxlO4 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.76xl0"7 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 785,344 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
11
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 352 of 419
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Lactofen: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2007)
Critical Effect
Increased incidence of proteinaceous casts in kidneys and decreases in
thyroid and adrenal gland weights
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.008 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 47.3 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.008 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.48 mg/L (480 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.017 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.790 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.40 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 17.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
73.7 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 353 of 419
-------
Lactofen
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2007): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Office of Water
Slide 354 of 419
-------
Lactofen: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 1,737 sites (0.12%); Concentration range = 0.101 - 0.265 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 832 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.154 - 0.172 \xg/l
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 355 of 419
-------
Malathion: Background
CASRN
121-75-5
DTXSID
DTXSID4020791
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide; veterinary medicine
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 126 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 165 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.99xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 123,611 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,346,697 lbs
PubMed Article Count
2,028
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 356 of 419
-------
Malathion: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Inhibition of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in pups
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.01 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 13.2 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 29.0 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 357 of 419
-------
Malathion: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDWG (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.29 mg/L (290 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (2003):
o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 190 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 66.6 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2016): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential)
WHO IARC (2015): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 358 of 419
-------
Malathion: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.331 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 416 of 11,237 (3.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00041 - 9.58 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 4,062 (1.3%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 5.46 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 229 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00999 - 0.312 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 37 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 0.111 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0166 - 0.0554 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 712 of 15,764 (4.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 46 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.04 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 359 of 419
-------
Methomyl: Background
CASRN
16752-77-5
DTXSID
DTXSID1022267
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.584
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.220 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 902,435 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
240
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 360 of 419
-------
Methomyl: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Increases in peak red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in humans
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0015 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 1.99 Mg/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWHSA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 12.5
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 10 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 361 of 419
-------
Methomyl: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information | NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 9 of 12,604 sites (0.07%); Concentration range = 0.1-3 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 17 sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 169 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,697 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 3 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,526 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00024-0.295 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 0.0122 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,740 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%); Concentration range = 3xl0~4- 0.01 |ig/L
Bradley et al. (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 sites (2.63%); Concentration = 0.0282 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 539 of 6,790 sites (7.94%); Concentration range = 0.021 - 55.3 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 362 of 419
-------
Metribuzin: Background
CASRN
21087-64-9
DTXSID
DTXSID6024204
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.80 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.50
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 101 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.16xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 15,728 lbs
USGS (2016): 5,804,692 lbs
PubMed Article Count
126
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 363 of 419
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Metribuzin: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2017)
Critical Effect
Increased thyroid and liver weights, thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, decreased
body weight and body weight gains
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0013 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 7.69 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.25 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 3.00
mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 364 of 419
-------
Metribuzin: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg
Cancer Classification
OPP (2017): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 365 of 419
-------
Metribuzin: Occurrence
(slide 1 of 2)
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 1 of 13,512 (0.01%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 15 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 - 3.76 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 182 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 0.28 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 366 of 419
-------
Metribuzin: Occurrence
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 606 of 11,379 (5.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 15.6 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 194 of 4,090 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 - 6.7 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 226 (1.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 -29.742 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 2,171 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 78 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006 - 2011): Not detected in 997 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.651 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0159 - 0.541 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 27 of 1,320 (2.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.182 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 367 of 419
-------
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Background
CASRN
134-62-3
DTXSID
DTXSID2021995
Contaminant Group
Broad-spectrum insect repellant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
No EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.16
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 191 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"2 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
753
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 368 of 419
-------
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
NA
Critical Effect
NA
Target Population
NA
Health Data Element
NA
Health Value
NA
Additional Health Information
EPA:
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 61.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 304
mg/kg/day
Other:
CDC ATSDR (2017): CCL-HRL = 4260 |ig/L; RfD = 1 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,584 mg/kg
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 369 of 419
-------
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%), sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 - 2.4xl0~5 ฑ 8.2xl0~6 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 114 of 538 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 2.2 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 766 of 1,393 (55%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 7.9 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0035 - 0.119 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 2.33xl0~5 ฑ 3xl0~6 - 2.56xl0~4 ฑ 6.25xl0~5 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 12 of 26 (46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0106 - 0.912 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 370 of 419
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Naphthalene: Background
CASRN
91-20-3
DTXSID
DTXSID8020913
Contaminant Group/Use
Former pesticide; chemical intermediate; moth repellant
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.02 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.37xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.32
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 822 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.51xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 2,631,597 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
2280
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 371 of 419
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Naphthalene: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Decreases in body weight and renal effects
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.100 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 372 of 419
-------
Naphthalene: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
CDC ATSDR (2005):
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 490 mg/kg
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019):
o Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L)
o Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) = 0.12 (mg/kg/day)1
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (2002) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 373 of 419
-------
Naphthalene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information |
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 159 of 13,452 (1.18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 906 |ig/L
UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 173 of 22,923 (0.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.07 - 90 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 366 (0.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 7 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 887 (1.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 3.1 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,188 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 68 of 7,850 (0.87%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 70 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 246 of 5,186 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 16000 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 21 of 3,888 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 5.8 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 131 (3.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 4.5 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration range = 1.08 - 1.25 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 1,665 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.66 - 36 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 685 (0.15%) sites; Concentration = 0.78 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0162 - 0.0284 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 374 of 419
-------
Nonylphenol: Background
CASRN
25154-52-3
DTXSID
DTXSID3021857
Contaminant Group/Use
In the preparation of lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, surface active
agents; antioxidants for plastics and rubber
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
No EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.09xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.30
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.95xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.62xl0"7 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): <1,000,000 lbs
PubMed Article Count
1,017
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 375 of 419
-------
Nonylphenol: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
NA
Critical Effect
NA
Target Population
NA
Health Data Element
NA
Health Value
NA
Additional Health Information
Other:
MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 29.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0049 mg/kg/day
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,600 mg/kg
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 376 of 419
-------
Nonylphenol: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 1.24xl0~5 ฑ 5.3xl0~6 - 6.06xl0~5 ฑ 1.92xl0~5 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 45 of 567 (7.94%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3 - 13 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 10 of 38 (26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.105 - 0.461 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5.34xl0~5 ฑ 5.8xl0~6 - 0.0001856 ฑ 2xl0~5 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 377 of 419
-------
Norflurazon: Background
CASRN
27314-13-2
DTXSID
DTXSID8024234
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.lOxlO"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.32
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.02xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.02xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 202,807 lbs
PubMed Article Count
139
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 378 of 419
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Norflurazon: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2017)
Critical Effect
Increased incidence of thyroid colloid/vacuoles and epithelial desquamation,
increased liver weight, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol in males
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0015 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 8.88 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.0089 mg/L (8.9 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0015 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.58 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.77 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 8,000 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2017): C (Possible human carcinogen)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 379 of 419
-------
Norflurazon: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0313 - 0.096 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 217 of 7,803 (2.78%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00025 - 26.5 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,531 (2.61%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.49 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 229 (3.93%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007992 - 0.352 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 690 (1.74%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0563 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0137 - 0.0274 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 125 of 1,090 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 1.49 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 380 of 419
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Phenanthrene: Background
CASRN
85-01-8
DTXSID
DTXSID6024254
Contaminant Group/Use
Dyestuffs, explosives, synthesis of drugs, biochemical research, manufacturing
phenanthrenequinone
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
No EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 42.7 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.55
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.82xl0"6 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 958,463 lbs
TRI (2016): 288,155 lbs
PubMed Article Count
1,596
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 381 of 419
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Phenanthrene: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
NA
Critical Effect
NA
Target Population
NA
Health Data Element
NA
Health Value
NA
Additional Health Information
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 700 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
PPRTV (2009): 1 (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)
WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 382 of 419
-------
Phenanthrene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.002 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 39 of 593 (6.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.13 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 356 of 1,965 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 140 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 233 (0%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.37 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0074 - 0.0241 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 383 of 419
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Phenol: Background
CASRN
108-95-2
DTXSID
DTXSID5021124
Contaminant Group/Use
Pesticide; chemical intermediate
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.39xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 53.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.644 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 1,000,000,000 - <5,000,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 6,052,029 lbs
PubMed Article Count
4,884
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 384 of 419
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Phenol: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2019)
Critical Effect
Reductions in mean fetal body weight per litter
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.6 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 3,390 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 385 of 419
-------
Phenol: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)
CDC ATSDR (2008):
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 1 mg/kg/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 100 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 133 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2019): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)
WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 386 of 419
-------
Phenol: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 -2020): Not detected in 7 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 98 of 462 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.08 - 12 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 268 of 1,851 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 54.3 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 34 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0548 - 0.151 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 387 of 419
-------
Phorate: Background
CASRN
298-02-2
DTXSID
DTXSID4032459
Contaminant Group/Use
NA
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 141 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.60
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 568 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.47xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 945,534 lbs
PubMed Article Count
113
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 388 of 419
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Phorate: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2006)
Critical Effect
Red blood cell and brain cholinesterase inhibition
Target Population
Bottle-fed infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.00017 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.225 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00017 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = l.OOxlO2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day
Other:
CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)
HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1.1 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2006): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 389 of 419
-------
Phorate: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.078 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 24 of 11,241 (0.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002-0.6 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.062 \xg/l
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.0032 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 13 of 11,178 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.016 - 0.22 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 390 of 419
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Prometryn: Background
CASRN
7287-19-6
DTXSID
DTXSID4024272
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.79 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 580 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 863 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,458,440 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
103
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 391 of 419
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Prometryn: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP HHBP (2017)
Critical Effect
Renal and hepatic degenerative changes, bone marrow atrophy
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.04 mg/kg/day
Health Value
200 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2013): CCL- HRL= 237 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.70 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.5 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,265 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2013): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 392 of 419
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Prometryn: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.231 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 99 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 139 of 5,273 (2.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00017 - 3.73 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 68 of 3,458 (1.97%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00015 - 0.658 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 228 (3.49%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.118 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,207 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%)
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.0286 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 92 of 3,433 (2.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0031 - 20 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Fall Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 393 of 419
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Pronamide: Background
CASRN
23950-58-5
DTXSID
DTXSID2020420
Contaminant Group/Use
Selective herbicide used on annual and perennial grasses
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 288 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.12xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 137,018 lbs
PubMed Article Count
54
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 394 of 419
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Pronamide: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP HHBP (2019)
Critical Effect
Decreases in body weight, weight gain, and food consumption; increased
liver weight; lesions in liver, thyroid, and ovaries
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.013 mg/kg/day
Health Value
77 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.8 mg/L (800 |ig/L)
OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 226 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.04 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 60.0
mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 395 of 419
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Pronamide: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,600 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 396 of 419
-------
Pronamide: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 143 of 11,233 (1.27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 1.35 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 24 of 4,084 (0.59%) sites; Concentration range = 7.00xl0~4 - 5.75 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.01134 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 49 of 641 (7.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 -0.25 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 133 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.014 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 397 of 419
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Propanil: Background
CASRN
709-98-8
DTXSID
DTXSID8022111
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.12
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 272 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.90xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 81,157 lbs
USGS (2016): 6,860,055 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
130
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 398 of 419
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Propanil: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2006)
Critical Effect
Increased methemoglobin; increased spleen weight in females; and enlarged
seminal vesicles/prostates in males
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.009 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 53.3 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.03 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 9.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 49.0
mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 360 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 399 of 419
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Propanil: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 16 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0112 - 0.17 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 23 of 2,980 (0.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00188 - 6.5 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 228 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites
Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 3.0096 |ig/L
SESQA (2014): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.0020539 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 201 of 1,424 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 57.6 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 400 of 419
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Propazine: Background
CASRN
139-40-2
DTXSID
DTXSID3021196
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.01 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 234 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.70xl0"4 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 637,397 lbs
Pub Med Article Count
39
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 401 of 419
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Propazine: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.0242 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 137 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day
Other Health Assessments
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,200 mg/kg
Cancer Classification
OPP (2015): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 402 of 419
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Propazine: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 10 (70%) sites; Concentration Range = 7xl0~4 - 0.032 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 260 of 2,165 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 2xl0~4 - 1.79 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 159 of 1,243 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021-0.39 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; Concentration range = 7xl0~4 - 0.071 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 19 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 9 of 584 (1.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005 - 0.0029 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2017): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 0.041 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 2 of 68 (2.94%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1-2 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 403 of 419
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Propoxur: Background
CASRN
114-26-1
DTXSID
DTXSID7021948
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.64
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 50.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.07xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 1 lb
Pub Med Article Count
380
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 404 of 419
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Propoxur: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2015)
Critical Effect
Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups
Target Population
Bottle-fed infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.00038 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 0.503 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 8.41 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00352 (mg/kg/day)1
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.00 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 23.5 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2015): B2 (Probable Human Carcinogenic)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 405 of 419
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Propoxur: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 sites (0%)
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 105 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 79 of 1,520 (5.2%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00038-0.367 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 223 (0.45%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 868 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 373 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0014 - 0.0034 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0093 - 0.0097 |ig/L
SESQA (2014): Detected in 29 of 77 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003306 - 0.0126086 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 1,584 (0%) sites
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Concentration = 0.007 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 406 of 419
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Pyrene: Background
CASRN
129-00-0
DTXSID
DTXSID3024289
Contaminant Group/Use
Occurs as a result of incomplete burning
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 240 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.17xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.98
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.83xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.44xl0"7 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
CDR (2015): 264,983 lbs
PubMed Article Count
1,695
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 407 of 419
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Pyrene: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OW (1991)
Critical Effect
Nephropathy (renal tubular pathology, decreased kidney weights)
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.03 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 148 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
IRIS (1990): CCL-HRL = 178 |ig/L; RfD = 0.03 mg/kg/day
PPRTV (2007): Subchronic RfD = 0.25 mg/kg/day
HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 408 of 419
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Pyrene: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,700 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
PPRTV (2007): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans)
WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 409 of 419
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Pyrene: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 588 (6.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.14 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 346 of 1,962 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 25.6 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 231 (3.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.3 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0034 - 0.0447 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency slide 4io of 419
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Sulfamethoxazole: Background
CASRN
723-46-6
DTXSID
DTXSID8026064
Contaminant Group/Use
Antibacterial; antipneumocystic
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA Health Assessment Available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.74xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.726
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 91.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.03xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
PubMed Article Count
4,876
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 411 of 419
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Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OW (FDA/NIH (2018))
Critical Effect
Lowest therapeutic dose: treat or prevent bacterial infections: urinary tract
infections/acute otitis media/acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis/
Shigellosis/Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia/Traveler's
Diarrhea in Adults
Target Population
Bottle-Fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.003333333 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-SL = 22.0 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 78.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0034 mg/kg/day (General Population)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 412 of 419
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Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,650 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
WHO IARC (2000): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 413 of 419
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Sulfamethoxazole: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L
CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Concentration = 0.0082 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.27xl0~5 ฑ 3.6xl0~6 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 30 of 619 (4.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 1.46 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 252 of 1,441 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00171 - 1.58 \xg/l
Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 141 of 182 (77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.5764 |ig/L
Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 12 of 1,100 (1.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.019022 -0.1198271 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 20 of 38 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 1.5 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 10 of 25 (40%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.1611 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 7 of 8 (87.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 7.4xl0~6 ฑ 8xlO~7|ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.052 |ig/L
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 414 of 419
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Tebuthiuron: Background
CASRN
34014-18-1
DTXSID
DTXSID3024316
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.20xl0"10 atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.77
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 120 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.28xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2015): 22,610 lbs
PubMed Article Count
12
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 415 of 419
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Tebuthiuron: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2014)
Critical Effect
Decreased body weights in F1 females; decreased pup body weights in F1
and F2 generations
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.14 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 185 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.0 mg/kg/day
Other:
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 200 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2014): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 416 of 419
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Tebuthiuron: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 10 of 17 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.055 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1,134 of 11,243 (10%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 17.3 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 315 of 4,001 (7.87%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.4 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 47 of 229 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.43 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 24 of 690 (3.48%) sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0317 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0125 - 0.0358 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 1,757 (1.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0127 - 3 |ig/L
USGS McKenzie River Oregon, 2010 (2002-2010): Detected in 6 of 134 (4.5%) samples; Maximum concentration = 3.47 \xg/l
USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 417 of 419
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Thiamethoxam: Background
CASRN
153719-23-4
DTXSID
DTXSID2034962
Contaminant Group/Use
Insecticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
CCL 5 List
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.201
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 71.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.99xl0"3 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
USGS (2016): 353,487 lbs
PubMed Article Count
252
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 418 of 419
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Thiamethoxam: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2016)
Critical Effect
Increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in testes of F1 males (pups)
Target Population
Bottle-fed Infants
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.012 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 15.9 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.071 mg/L (71 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.012 mg/kg/day
o Acute benchmark = 2.3 mg/L (2,300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.35 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 1.84 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 14.3 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 419 of 419
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Thiamethoxam: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,563 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 420 of 419
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Thiamethoxam: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration = 0.0102 |ig/L
Klarich et al. 2017 (2016): Detected in 19 of 20 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00026 - 0.00415 |ig/L
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 50 of 143 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 4.37 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 227 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 0.025 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 - 0.1904 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 43 of 281 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0068 - 2.06 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 421 of 419
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Thiobencarb: Background
CASRN
28249-77-6
DTXSID
DTXSID6024337
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.95 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.95xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.53
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.17xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.31xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 3,385 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,372,729 lbs
PubMed Article Count
72
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 422 of 419
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Thiobencarb: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Decreased body weights
Target Population
General Population
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.01 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.01 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 7 mg/L (7,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 1 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day
Other:
CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Public Health Goal = 0.042 mg/L (42 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 560 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 423 of 419
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Thiobencarb: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 15 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.029 - 0.19 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 256 (0%) sites
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 84 of 10,703 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 2.00xl0~5 - 4.38 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 2,980 (1.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00093 - 12.4 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 2,975 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.097 - 1.6 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.3429 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 635 of 7,197 (8.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004- 150 |ig/L
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 424 of 419
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Triclosan: Background
CASRN
3380-34-5
DTXSID
DTXSID5032498
Contaminant Group/Use
Antiseptic/disinfectant/antimicrobial in personal care products and household
goods; pesticide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.46xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.97
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.24xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.50xl0"5 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
NA
Pub Med Article Count
2,221
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 425 of 419
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Triclosan: Health Effects
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
20% decrease in thyroxine (T4) and associations with neurodevelopmental
and cognitive deficits
Target Population
Women of childbearing age
Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent
0.27 mg/kg/day
Health Value
CCL-HRL= 1,530 Mg/L
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP HHBP (2021):
o Chronic Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day
Other:
MN DOH (accessed 2018):
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 426 of 419
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Triclosan: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 5.96xl0~5 ฑ 2.57xl0~5 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 31 of 567 (5.47%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.56 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 126 of 1,415 (8.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 15.6 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 23 of 38 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00152 - 0.534 |ig/L
Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 3 of 25 (12%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0035 |ig/L
Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 0.0001058 ฑ 6.31xl0~5 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 427 of 419
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Trifluralin: Background
CASRN
1582-09-8
DTXSID
DTXSID4021395
Contaminant Group/Use
Herbicide
PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status
PCCL 5
Health and Occurrence Information Status
EPA health assessment available
Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available
Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport
Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.02xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.31
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.69xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.16xl0"6 mol/L
Use/Production/Release
TRI (2016): 13,360 lbs
USGS (2016): 8,578,613 lbs
PubMed Article Count
259
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 428 of 419
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Trifluralin: Health Effects
(slide 1 of 2)
EPA Health Assessment
OPP (2018)
Critical Effect
Thyroid follicular cell combined adenoma, papillary adenoma, cystadenoma,
and carcinoma in males
Target Population
General Population
Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)
0.00296 (mg/kg/day)"1
Health Value
CCL-HRL = 10 [ig/l
Additional Health Information
EPA:
OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 142 |ig/L; RfD = 0.024 mg/kg/day
DWSHA (accessed 2018):
o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L)
ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.800 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day
United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency
Office of Water
Slide 429 of 419
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Trifluralin: Health Effects
(slide 2 of 2)
Additional Health Information (cont'd)
Other:
WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.045 mg/L (45 |ig/L)
NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 500 mg/kg
NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 263 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:
OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)
WHO IARC (1990): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 430 of 419
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Trifluralin: Occurrence
Best Available Occurrence Information
NA
Additional Occurrence Information
Finished Drinking Water
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.0025 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site
Ambient Water
USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 485 of 10,201 (4.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 1.74 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 149 of 3,480 (4.28%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~5 - 0.323 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 225 (0%) sites
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 604 (0.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 210 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 635 (0%) sites;
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 2.75xl0~5 - 0.0473 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 254 of 2,711 (9.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.3 |ig/L
USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.002 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites
EPA
United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection
Agency Slide 431 of 419
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Appendix C: Abbreviations and
Acronyms
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 432 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ng- Micrograms
%Rec - Percent Recovery
%RSD- Percent Relative Standard Deviation
HCI-PF30UdS - ll-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-Oxaundecane-l-Sulfonic Acid
2,4-DB - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
4:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid
6:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid
8:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecane Sulfonic Acid
9CI-PF30NS - 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-Oxanone-l-Sulfonic Acid
AM-Assessment Monitoring
ADONA - 4,8-Dioxa-3H-Perfluorononanoic Acid
ASTM-ASTM International
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 433 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
atm-Atmosphere Unit
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AWIA - America's Water Infrastructure Act
BCAA - Bromochloroacetic Acid
BCIM - Bromochloroiodomethane
BDCAA-Bromodichloroacetic Acid
BDCNM - Bromodichloronitromethane
BDIM - Bromodiiodomethane
CalEPA - California Environmental Protection Agency
CASRN - Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
CCC - Continuing Calibration Check
CCL-Contaminant Candidate List
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 434 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
CCL-HRL-Contaminant Candidate List Health Reference Level
CCL-SL - Contaminant Candidate List Screening Level
CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDIM - Chlorodiiodomethane
CDR-Chemical Data Reporting
CDWG - Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water
CIC - Combustion ion Chromatography
CIS - Contaminant Information Sheet
CPDB - Carcinogenic Potency Database
CSF-Cancer Slope Factor
CWS - Community Water System
CWSS - Community Water System Survey
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 435 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
DAI-LC/MS/MS - Direct Aqueous Injection- Liquid Chromatography/Tandem
Mass Spectrometry
DBAN - Dibromoacetonitrile
DBCAA-Dibromochloroacetic Acid
DBCNM - Dibromochloronitromethane
DBIM - Dibromoiodomethane
DBP - Disinfection Byproduct
DCAN - Dichloroacetonitrile
DCIM - Dichloroiodomethane
D/DBPR - Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (including Stage 1 and
Stage 2 D/DBPRs)
DEET-N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 436 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
DS - Distribution System
DSMRT- Distribution System Maximum Residence Time
DTXSID - Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers
DWSHA - Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories
DWTP - Drinking Water Treatment Plant
EDC - Endocrine Disrupting Chemical
EJ - Environmental Justice
EO - Executive Order
EOF - Extractable Organic Fluorine
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
EPTC- Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
EPTDS - Entry Point to the Distribution System
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 437 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ESA-Ethanesulfonic Acid
etal.-And Others
F1 - First Filial Generation
F2-Second Filial Generation
FDA-United States Food and Drug Administration
FDAMDD - FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database
FR - Federal Register
FRB - Field Reagent Blank
FRN - Federal Register Notice
GC-Gas Chromatography
GC/MS - Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
GW - Ground Water
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 438 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
GWRMP- Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan
HA - Office of Water Health Advisory
HCFC-22 - Chlorodifluoromethane
HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein
HESD - Office of Water's Health Effect Support Documents
HFPO-DA- Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid
HHBP - Human Health Benchmark for Pesticides
HHC - Human Health Criteria
HPLC-High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HRL- Health Reference Level
HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank
IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 439 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ICP-AES - Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry
IDC - Initial Demonstration of Capability
IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System
IS - Internal Standard
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
Kh-Henry's Law Coefficient
Kqc - Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient
Kow ~ Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient
kg - Kilograms
L - Liter
lbs - Pounds
LC/ESI-MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray lonization/Tandem Mass
Spectrometry
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 440 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
LC/MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
LCMRL- Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level
LFB - Laboratory Fortified Blank
LFSM - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix
LFSMD - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix Duplicate
LLE-GC/ECD- Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture
Detection
LOAEL-Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
LRB - Laboratory Reagent Blank
LSI - Large System Inventory
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 441 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
MAC - Maximum Allowable Concentration
MADL- Maximum Allowable Daily Level
MALDI-MS - Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Mass Spectrometry
MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MCPA - 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid
MCPP - 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic Acid
MDBP - Microbial Disinfection Byproduct
MN DOH - Minnesota Department of Health
mg - Milligrams
MRDD- Maximum Recommended Daily Dose
MRL-Minimum Reporting Level
MTBE - Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 442 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
NAWQA - National Water-Quality Assessment
NCOD - National Contaminant Occurrence Database
NDBA - Nitrosodibutylamine
NDEA- N-Nitrosodiethylamine
NDMA- N-Nitrosodimethylamine
NDPA- N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
NDPhA-Nitrosodiphenylamine
NEtFOSAA- N-Ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid
NFDHA - Nonafluoro-3,6-Dioxaheptanoic Acid
NIH - National Institutes of Health
NIRS - National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey
NMeFOSAA-N-Methyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 443 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
NOAEL- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
NPDWRs - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
NPYR - Nitrosopyrrolidine
NTM -Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
NTNCWS - Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
NWIS - National Water Information System
NWQMC - National Water Quality Monitoring Council
OA - Oxanilic Acid
OEHHA-California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
OGWDW - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
OPP - Office of Pesticide Programs
ORD - Office of Research and Development
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 444 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
OW - Office of Water
PA - Partnership Agreement
PDP- Pesticide Data Program
PCCL- Preliminary Contaminant Candidate List
PFAS - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
PFBA - Perfluorobutanoic Acid
PFBS - Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid
PFDA - Perfluorodecanoic Acid
PFDoA - Perfluorododecanoic Acid
PFEESA - Perfluoro (2-Ethoxyethane) Sulfonic Acid
PFHpA - Perfluoroheptanoic Acid
PFHpS - Perfluoroheptanesulfonic Acid
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 445 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
PFHxA - Perfluorohexanoic Acid
PFHxS - Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid
PFMBA - Perfluoro-4-Methoxybutanoic Acid
PFMPA - Perfluoro-3-Methoxypropanoic Acid
PFNA-Perfluorononanoic Acid
PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic Acid
PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid
PFOSA- Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
PFPeA - Perfluoropentanoic Acid
PFPeS - Perfluoropentanesulfonic Acid
PFTA - Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid
PFTrDA - Perfluorotridecanoic Acid
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 446 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
PFUnA - Perfluoroundecanoic Acid
PHG - CalEPA's Public Health Goals
p,p'-DDE - p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
PPCP - Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products
PPRTV - Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values
PST-Pre-Screen Testing
PT - Proficiency Testing
PWS - Public Water System
QA-Quality Assurance
QC - Quality Control
QCS-Quality Control Sample
qPCR-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 447 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
RAA-Risk Assessment Advice
RfD - Reference Dose
SAP - Standard Analytical Protocol
SESQA-Southeast Stream Quality Assessment
SDWA-Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWARS-Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System
SDWIS - Safe Drinking Water Information System
SM - Standard Methods
SMP-State Monitoring Plan
SS-Screening Survey
SSI - Small System Inventory
SUR-Surrogate Samples
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 448 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
SURF - Surface Water Database
SW - Surface Water
SYR-Six-Year Review
t1/2 Half-Life
T4 - Thyroxine
TBAA-Tribromoacetic Acid
TBEP-Tris(2-butozylethyl) Phosphate
TCAN-Trichloroacetonitrile
TCEP-Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate
TCNM-Trichloronitromethane (Chloropicrin)
TCOTS - Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System
TDCP-Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate
TIM -Triiodomethane (Iodoform)
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 449 of 419
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
TNCWS - Transient Non-Community Water System
ToxRefDB - Toxicity Reference Database
TRI - Toxic Release Inventory
TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act
UCM - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring
UCMR - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
URCIS- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Information System
USDA- United States Department of Agriculture
USGS - United States Geological Survey
VCSB - Voluntary Consensus Standards Body
VLDL-Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
WHO-World Health Organization
United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency
Office of Water
Slide 450 of 419
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