A EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6) Held April 17 and 18, 2024 USEPA, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Office of Water (MLK 140) EPA 815-A-24-001 April 2024 ------- Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6) EPA iii Pre-Proposal Public Webinar April 17 and 18,2024 U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Standards and Risk Management Division, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water ------- Welcome Eric Burneson, Director U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 2 of 419 ------- Logistics and General Meeting Information Melissa Simic U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 3 of 419 ------- Webinar Tips Webinar Slides Located under "Handouts" in the right navigation bar on your screen Slides were also emailed to all registered participants Contain all content that will be discussed Webinar Audio Webinar lines are muted to minimize background noise (listen-only mode) Webinar Support Send email to UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com e.g.,"I can hear you speaking, but I cannot see the slides." United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 4 of 419 ------- Questions Specific to this Presentation Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel (Figure 1) to submit questions or comments Type a question in the box, click send (Figure 2) Submit your questions throughout the webinar Questions will be answered on an individual basis throughout the presentation Common and clarifying questions will be shared with the group or discussed after the breaks Figure 1 Figure 2 Want answers? ,N \ \ % I 1 o 1 I 1 1 i / * Ask the staff a question w Send United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 5 of 419 ------- General Meeting Information Purpose Provide an opportunity for the public to learn and discuss potential approaches to developing the proposal for the sixth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6): Analytical methods and contaminants being considered Sampling design Laboratory approval Other possible requirements United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 6 of 419 ------- Agenda APRIL 17 & 18, 2024 TOPICS 11:00 a.m. Sign-in Welcome Logistics and General Meeting Information Overview of the SDWA Regulatory Process and UCMR UCMR 6 Potential Approaches UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement ~12:15 p.m. Break General Guidelines Used in the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method Development and Application Anticipated Process for Approval of Laboratories Supporting UCMR 6 UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and Rationale ~1:45 p.m. Break ~2:00 p.m. Open Forum and Discussion Closing Remarks/Adjourn A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency siide7of4i9 ------- Open Discussion Participants that registered to make a public statement will present first Participants that would like to make a public statement the day of the presentation Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel (Figure 1) and request to speak at the end of the discussion Include your full name and email address Submit your request by the first break You will receive a presenter/panelist email link by the second break At the second break, please close the webinar and rejoin the webinar with the new link Figure 1 Figure 2 Want answers? ,N \ \ % I 1 o 1 I 1 1 i / * Ask the staff a question w Send United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 8 of 419 ------- Overview of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Regulatory Process and UCMR Brenda Bowden U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 9 of 419 ------- Overview Regulatory background for UCMR and relationship to other Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) programs Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) UCMR objective History and general process of UCMR Regulatory Determination National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) Six-Year Review United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 10 of 419 ------- Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Enacted in 1974, SDWA authorized the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set enforceable health standards for contaminants in drinking water National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) 1986 SDWA amendments were the basis for the original "UCM" program State drinking water programs managed the original UCM program 1996 SDWA amendments changed the process of developing and reviewing NPDWRs CCL UCMR (EPA-managed implementation) Regulatory Determination Six-Year Review United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 11 of 419 ------- General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes Pt-MR Recultc Regulatory Determination Preliminary Regulatory Determination Final Regulatory Determinations UCMR No further action if decision is to not regulate May develop health advisory Public Review arid Comment Research Needs Assessment Review 5i)'-Year Review of Existing WPPWRs Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage. &EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 12 of 419 ------- Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) SDWA 1412(b)(1)(B) requires the EPA to establish a list of contaminants that are: Not subject to any proposed or promulgated NPDWR Known or anticipated to occur in PWSs May require regulation under SDWA List must be published every five years The Final CCL 5 was published November 14, 2022 and includes 66 chemicals, three chemical groups, and 12 microbial contaminants United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 13 of 419 ------- General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes Public Review and Comment Research Needs Assessment Regulatory Rule Review CCL Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage. &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 14 of 419 ------- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) SDWA Section 1445(a)(2), establishes the requirements of the UCMR Program: Issue a list of no more than 30 priority unregulated contaminants in drinking water, once every five years Require large PWSs serving a population more than 10,000 people to monitor Require small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 to monitor; ensure that only a nationally representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people monitor Limitations: subject to the availability of appropriations and sufficient laboratory capacity to accommodate the analysis Make analytical results publicly available in the National Contaminant Occurrence Database for drinking water (NCOD) The EPA funds shipping and analytical costs for small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer The EPA manages the program in partnership with states, Tribes, and Territories (hereafter referred to as "states") that volunteer to assist United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 15 of 419 ------- Objective of the UCMR Program Collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data for unregulated contaminants that may warrant regulation under SDWA Consider data collected as part of future EPA decisions on actions to protect public health Provide data to states, local governments, and to the public for their use in decisions regarding public health protection National occurrence data publicly available: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 16 of 419 ------- History of UCMR UCMR 1 (2001-2005) UCMR 2 (2007-2011) UCMR 3 (2012-2016) UCMR 4 (2017-2021) UCMR 5 (2022-2026) PWSs collect samples 2023-2025 UCMR 6 (2027-2031) Anticipating proposal mid-late 2025 and final rule late 2026 Anticipating sample collection 2028-2030 Each new UCMR cycle is established via a revision to the rule for the ongoing/preceding cycle Sr<"5* Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 245/Monday, December 27, 2021/Rules and Regulations 73131 |FR Due. 2D21-2755G Filed 12-23-21; B:4: am] BILLING CODE 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 141 [EPA-HG-OW-2020-0530: FRL-6791-03- OW] RIN 2040-AFB9 Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule {UCMR 5) for Public Water Systems and Announcement of Public Meetings AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule and notice of public meetings. available electronically through https:// www.regulations.gov, FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brenda D. Bowden, Standards and Risk Management Division (SRMD), Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) (MS 140], Environmental Protection Agency. 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati. Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569- 7961: email address;: boivden.iire'itda'S epa.gov; or Melissa Simic, SRMD, OGWDW (MS 140). Environmental Protection Agency. 26 West Martin Luther King Drive. Cincinnati, Ohio 45263: telephone number: (513) 569- 7364: email address: simicjnelissaฎ epa.gov. For general information, visit the Ground Water and Drinking Water web page at: itffpsyAvvviv.epa.gov/ ground-water-and-drinking-water. IV, Description of Final Rule and Summary of Responses to Public Comments A. What contaminants must be monitored under UCMR S? 1. This Final Rule 2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses a. Agtpegate PFAS Measure b. Legionella Pneumophila c. Haloacetonatriles d. 1,2.3-Trichloropropane B. What is the L'CMR 5 sampling design? 1. This Final Rule 2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses C. What is the sampling frequency and timing? 1. This Final Rule 2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses D. Where are the sampling locations and what is representative monitoring? 1. This Final Rule 2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 17 of 419 ------- General Process for Developing UCMR Early public meetings Provide background on statutory requirements Discuss current/prospective method availability for emerging contaminants Discuss anticipated elements of the proposal Develop proposed rule and publish in the (FR) The agency typically provides a 60-day public comment period Public meeting during public comment period Develop final rule and publish in the FR Public meetings after final rule publication to prepare for implementation United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 18 of 419 ------- General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes Public Review and Comment Research Needs Assessment ------- Regulatory Determinations Every five years, the Administrator shall, after notice of the preliminary determination and opportunity for public comment, for not fewer than five contaminants included on the CCL, make determinations on whether to regulate such contaminants. SDWA requires the EPA to publish a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) and promulgate a NPDWR for a contaminant if the Administrator determines that: 1. The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons; 2. The contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern; and 3. In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. *SDWA Section 1412(b)(1) &EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 20 of 419 ------- General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes Public Review and Comment Research Needs Assessment Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 21 of 419 ------- National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) For each contaminant that the Administrator decides to regulate, the Administrator shall publish MCLGs and promulgate, by rule, NPDWRs. The Administrator shall: Propose the MCLG and NPDWRs for a contaminant no later than 24 months after the determination to regulate Publish an MCLG and promulgate a NPDWR within 18 months after the proposal thereof A NPDWR shall take effect three years after the date on which the regulation is promulgated. The Administrator, or a state, may allow this period to be extended up to two additional years if it determines that additional time is necessary for capital improvements United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 22 of 419 ------- General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes CCL Regulatory Determination ~ Ek No further action if decision is to not regulate May develop health advisory 24 months Rule Public Review and Comment Research Needs Assessment Six-Year Review of Existing WPDWRs Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage. vvEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 23 of 419 ------- Six-Year Review SDWA Section 1412(b)(9) requires review and revision, as appropriate, of each NPDWR no less often than every six years. The review includes: Re-evaluation of health effects, occurrence, exposure, drinking water analytical methods, treatment feasibility, risk-balancing, and implementation issues Any revision of a NPDWR shall maintain, or provide for greater, protection of the health of people United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 24 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Potential Approaches Brenda Bowden U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 25 of 419 ------- Overview Timeline PWS types Sampling design considerations Approach to tiered monitoring Assessment Monitoring (AM) Screening Survey (SS) Pre-Screen Testing (PST) Applicability Sampling frequency and locations Implementation roles EPA States Small PWSs Large PWSs Potential changes between UCMR 5 and UCMR 6 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 26 of 419 ------- Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Development 2024 2025 2026 Publish Final Rule Method Development Federal Register Notice Publish Proposal, 60-day Public Comment (February 8, 2024) Period, Public Meeting (Mid-Late 2025) Pre-Proposal Meeting (April 17 & 18, 2024) Publish UCMR 6 Final Rule (Late 2026) Post Proposal: Initiate Implementation Lab Approval PWS Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System (SDWARS) registration/notification/inventory Partnership Agreements (PAs), State Monitoring Plans (SMPs), Small System Inventory (SSI), Large System Inventory (LSI) Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan (GWRMP) submittal Outreach/trainings EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 27 of 419 ------- Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Activities 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Pre-monitoring Implementation Post-monitoring Phase Continuation of: Lab Approval PWS SDWARS registration/notification/inventory PAs, SMPs, SSIs, LSIs GWRMP submittal1 Outreach/trainings Implementation public meetings Implementation Activities Assist PWSs with compliance Implement small PWS monitoring Post data quarterly to NCOD Reporting and Analysis of Data All PWSs serving 3,300 or more people2 Representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people Complete resampling, as needed Conclude data reporting Finalize NCOD Compliance assistance/ enforcement, as needed 1GWRMP submissions are due six months prior to PWS scheduled monitoring date and could therefore occur during the UCMR 6 monitoring years. 2 Monitoring by all PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people is subject to availability of appropriations and laboratory capacity. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 28 of 419 ------- UCMR Applicability by PWS Type Public Water System (PWS): provides water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year Community Water System (CWS): PWS that supplies water to the same population year-round Non-Transient Non-Community Water System (NTNCWS): PWS that supplies water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year but not year- round (e.g.,schools) Transient Non-Community Water System (TNCWS) (not generally included in UCMR sampling): PWS that provides water where people do not remain for long periods of time (e.g.,gas stations, campgrounds) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 29 of 419 ------- Selection of Nationally Representative PWSs Statistically-based sampling design has been vetted with stakeholders and peer-reviewed Data Quality Objectives for the representative sample of PWSs Provides occurrence data for unbiased national exposure estimates The statistical design: Stratifies by PWS size and source water type Allocates PWSs across the strata proportional to population served with at least two PWSs allocated to each state For additional information see the ''Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 Updated https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530-Q127 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 30 of 419 ------- UCMR Approach UCMR approach relies on using one or more of 3 monitoring tiers Assessment Monitoring (primary approach to-date, used in UCMR 1 through UCMR 5) Screening Survey (used in UCMR 1, UCMR 2, UCMR 3 for a subset of contaminants) Pre-Screen Testing (used in UCMR 3 for the viruses) Based on: Availability and complexity of drinking water analytical methods Laboratory capacity Sampling frequency Relevant PWSs based on contaminant (e.g., PWS type, source water type) Other considerations (e.g.,cost/burden) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 31 of 419 ------- Assessment Monitoring: Statistical Approach Primary approach - presuming availability of appropriations and lab capacity America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) expands participating PWSs to include: Nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people Census of small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people Census of large PWSs serving more than 10,000 people Nationally-representative sample of small PWSs plus census of PWSs serving 3,300 or more people provides a powerful tool for assessing national contaminant occurrence in drinking water Total number of PWSs included in UCMR 5: ~10,300 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 32 of 419 ------- Screening Survey: Statistical Approach Designed to ensure the data can be used to support regulatory decisions Account for possible laboratory capacity limitations Approach used in UCMR 2 and 3 involved: Nationally representative sample of 800, allocated across PWSs serving 100,000 or fewer people Census of all PWSs serving more than 100,000 (~450 PWSs) Total number of PWSs: ~1,250 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 33 of 419 ------- Pre-Screen Testing Envisioned for use with methods that are in the early stages of development, and/or very specialized viruses) May be conducted by limited number of PWSs identified as vulnerable (by the EPA and/or state agencies), as was done with UCMR 3 virus monitoring Approach can be customized to meet specific monitoring objectives of a particular UCMR cycle Sampling design is not necessarily population weighted United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 34 of 419 ------- Typical UCMR Applicability PWS Type PWSs Serving > 10,000 people PWSs Serving 3,300 - 10,000 people PWSs Serving <3,300 people Assessment Monitoring cwsx& NTNCWS2 All PWSs (~4,400) All PWSs (~5,200) (~400 non-AWIA)3 800 randomly selected PWSs (~400 non-AWIA)3 Screening Survey CWS & NTNCWS All PWSs (~450) serving more than 100,000, and 320 randomly selected PWSs serving 10,001 to 100,000 480 randomly selected PWSs Pre-Screen Testing May be conducted by a limited number of PWSs 1 Community Water System. 2 Non-Transient Non-Community Water System. 3 Assessment Monitoring will convert to the non-AWIA design {i.e., nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people) if the appropriations (additional $15,000,000 in each fiscal year for which monitoring is required to be carried out) are not received, or sufficient laboratory capacity is not available. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 35 of 419 ------- Small PWS Notifications about Participation The EPA expects to have funding available to support monitoring at the representative national sample of 800 PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people and will notify selected PWSs The EPA's ability to support monitoring at the census of small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people depends on additional appropriations. The EPA anticipates that these PWSs will participate in UCMR 6, but will confirm approximately 6 months prior to their scheduled sampling United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 36 of 419 ------- UCMR Sampling Frequency UCMR 1 through UCMR 5 used similar sampling frequency Surface Water (SW) - PWSs with surface water sources (including those using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) sampled four times during their year of monitoring Ground Water (GW) - PWSs with ground water sources sampled two times during their year of monitoring Specialized sampling frequency was used for focused sample designs (e.g.,eight sample events for cyanotoxins in UCMR 4) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 37 of 419 ------- UCMR Sampling Locations Typical Sampling locations: Contaminants are generally sampled at the entry points to the PWS's distribution systems (EPTDSs) Disinfection byproducts and microbial contaminants are generally sampled at Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (D/DBPR) distribution system (DS) locations or at the at the distribution system maximum residence time (DSMRT) location Sampling exceptions may be made based on particular contaminants EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 38 of 419 ------- EPA Implementation Roles (slide 1 of 2) Small PWS support: Maintain laboratory and implementation contracts to support UCMR Compile contact and inventory information Manage sample kit distribution and tracking Large and Small PWS support: Download data (via SDWARS) and review prior to reporting to NCOD Support the SDWARS reporting system and users Update PWS inventory and schedules as needed Provide technical assistance Use SDWARS for real-time communication and outreach United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 39 of 419 ------- EPA Implementation Roles (slide 2 of 2) State, PWS, and Laboratory support: Review and track rule applicability and PWS sampling progress Manage Laboratory Approval Program Provide technical support Coordinate outreach Lead compliance assistance and enforcement United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 40 of 419 ------- Extended UCMR Implementation Team EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW) Lead organization for direct-implementation of rule EPA Regional Offices Coordinate state Partnership Agreements Assist states and PWSs with UCMR requirements, compliance assistance, and enforcement Partnering states Support various aspects of implementation based on state-specific interest United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 41 of 419 ------- States' Role in the UCMR Program Participation by states is voluntary and documented via Partnership Agreements States help the EPA implement the UCMR program and ensure high data quality Partnership Agreement activities can include any or all of the following: Review and revise State Monitoring Plans Provide inventory and contact information for small and large PWSs Review proposed Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plans (GWRMPs) Provide compliance assistance (e.g., notify and instruct systems) Collect samples Other United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 42 of 419 ------- EPA Responsibilities on behalf of Small PWSs The EPA pays for sample analyses and shipping for PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people The EPA coordinates with the UCMR implementation contractor to send sampling kits to PWSs The EPA coordinates sample analyses with contracted laboratories Both the EPA and the UCMR implementation contractor engage states and PWSs to ensure samples are collected per the designated schedule The EPA examines the results along with quality control (QC) data and makes results available to the respective state and PWS via SDWARS United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 43 of 419 ------- Small PWS Responsibilities Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling requirements [e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, physical shipping address, additional data elements) Collect and ship samples according to the monitoring schedule in SDWARS using the sampling kits, pre-paid shipping label, and materials provided by EPA Small PWSs and states have access to results in SDWARS following EPA review of the data posted by the laboratory United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 44 of 419 ------- Large PWS Responsibilities PWSs serving more than 10,000 people arrange and pay for sample analyses and shipping PWS coordinates with an EPA-approved UCMR 6 laboratory Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling requirements (e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, additional data elements) Laboratories post the data to SDWARS PWS reviews and can act upon (e.g., approve) data in SDWARS States have access to results following large PWS review period United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 45 of 419 ------- Potential Change Between UCMR 5 and UCMR 6 Proposal The agency anticipates maintaining the approach to rule applicability, reporting timeframes for laboratories and PWSs, and Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan (GRWMP) flexibility Potential/anticipated revisions (typical of each cycle) Revised list of contaminants and associated methods Sampling design considerations Sampling frequency and locations based on contaminants selected United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 46 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement Brenda Bowden U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 47 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement Overview Pre-proposal engagement Method development update and request for comment Public webinar Tribal Consultation State Consultation Environmental Justice (EJ) considerations Post-proposal public engagement Public comment period Public webinar Post-final public engagement Outreach, public webinars and trainings United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 48 of 419 ------- Pre-proposal: Method Development Update and Request for Comment Published Federal Register Notice (FRN) February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584) Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other future cycles of the UCMR program Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods summarized in the FRN Announced the UCMR 6 pre-proposal webinar United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 49 of 419 ------- Pre-Proposal: Public Webinar April 17 and 18, 2024 (identical meetings) Provides background on statutory requirements Summarizes method development for emerging contaminants Discusses approaches to UCMR 6 development Includes time for brief remarks by participants Slides will be uploaded onto the UCMR webpage https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant- monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 50 of 419 ------- Pre-Proposal: Tribal Consultation Executive Order (EO) 13175 Consultation period: March 10 to June 20, 2024 The EPA holds an informational webinarto discuss UCMR 6 development and requests comments by Tribal government representatives May 20, 2024, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time Information on the webinar and submitting comments can be found in the UCMR 6 Tribal Official Notification Letter in TCOTS Tribes may submit written comments via email at any point in the consultation period Summary of consultation efforts will be provided in the UCMR 6 docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469) Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System (TCOTS): https://tcots.epa. gov/ords/tcotspub/f?p=106:l United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 51 of 419 ------- Pre-Proposal: State Consultation The EPA will hold a meeting to discuss UCMR 6 development with state drinking water program representatives The EPA welcomes input on: What contaminants of emerging concern are a priority in your state? Are there any changes your state recommends to the UCMR monitoring approach? Summary of state/EPA consultation will be provided in the UCMR 6 docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 52 of 419 ------- Pre-Proposal: Environmental Justice (EJ) Considerations Consistent with EO 12898, the EPA is committed to considering and addressing potential EJ concerns when developing UCMR 6 By seeking to identify unregulated contaminants that may pose health risks via drinking water from PWSs across the country UCMR furthers the protection of public health for all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income UCMR includes monitoring of a statistically derived set of small PWSs that is population-weighted within each PWS size category in each state (under this approach, Tribes (combined) and Territories (combined) are treated as equivalent to a state). This, along with the census monitoring approach for larger PWSs, ensures representation for the United States population For UCMR 6, the EPA anticipates collecting Zip Code(s) for customers served by each PWS, as has been done since UCMR 3, and is considering other data collection options to support future assessments of whether or not certain communities are disproportionately impacted by particular drinking water contaminants United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 53 of 419 ------- Post-Proposal: Public Comment Period Regulations.gov Your Voice in Federal Decision Making The EPA anticipates publishing the UCMR 6 Proposal in mid/late 2025. The EPA typically provides a 60- day comment period Docket (EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469) / Document PROPOSED RULE Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024 View More Documents 84 Share Document Details Content ^ Document ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001 Action &EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 54 of 419 ------- Post-Proposal: Public Webinar The EPA anticipates hosting a public webinar during the public comment period Expected to describe the UCMR 6 proposal and how to provide public comments via the UCMR 6 docket Examples of past meetings materials are on the UCMR "Meetings and Materials" webpage UCMR Meeting and Materials: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 55 of 419 ------- Post-Final Rule: Outreach, Webinars, and Trainings The EPA anticipates that it will publish the UCMR 6 Final Rule in late 2026 The agency expects to engage in outreach to help stakeholders prepare for UCMR 6 implementation Webinars between 2027-2028 Reviews the final rule and preparation for implementation Describes the Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System (SDWARS) and actions PWSs must take to prepare for UCMR 6 monitoring Discusses accessing data and communicating results Supporting documents and videos Check out the UCMR 5 webpage for examples of current materials https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule Access Results UCMR 5 Data Finder o UCMR 5 Data Finder Walkthrough (video) G3 UCMR 5 Data Summary UCMR 5 Occurrence Data Text Files (zip) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 56 of 419 ------- Break *ปEPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 57 of 419 ------- General Guidelines Used in the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method Development and Application William A. Adams, Ph.D. U.S. EPA Standards and Risk Management Division Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Technical Support Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 58 of 419 ------- Overview General drinking water method development process Methods development update Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center Facility Cincinnati, Ohio United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 59 of 419 ------- Drinking Water Method Attributes Preservation Dechlorination Storage Stability/Hold Time Studies Quality Control Quantitation Levels United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 60 of 419 ------- Method Development Considerations Simplicity Limit complicated steps Relatively non-hazardous components Ease of sample collection Generally-available instrumentation Data Quality Focus on QC to ensure valid data United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 61 of 419 ------- Laboratory Quality Control Initial Demonstration of Capability (IDC) Demonstration of Low System Background Precision and Accuracy Confirmation of ability to quantify at particular concentrations Quality Control Sample (QCS) from Second Source Ongoing QC Initial Calibration Continuing Calibration Check (CCC) Laboratory/Field Reagent Blank (LRB/FRB) Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB) Internal Standards (IS) Surrogates Standards (SUR) Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix and Duplicates (LFSM, LFSMD) QCS at intervals EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 62 of 419 ------- Target contaminant selection * Instrument Optimization Based on scientific literature and preliminary experiments Instrument: Analytical column, eluent, temperature programs, flow, injection volume, assays Detectors: Target contaminant MS tuning, detector settings, probes System Background - Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB) Storage Stability Study Tracks target contaminant concentrations in preserved tap water for 5 weeks Precision and Accuracy Measurements Accuracy: Low: 50-150% Mid/High: 70-130% Precision: Low: <30% Mid/High: <20% Analyzed in three matrixes Calculate Laboratory's Quantitation Limit Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) - The lowest true concentration for which the future recovery is predicted to fall between 50% to 150% with 99% confidence Multi-Laboratory Demonstration At least two outside laboratories * EPA Review/ Clearance/Publication Typical Method Development United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 63 of 419 ------- Method Performance Data Evaluation of Method Performance Assesses method capability Demonstrates ruggedness (national implementation) Demonstration of Low System Background using a Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB) Laboratory Quantitation Limit LCMRL - the lowest true concentration, for which the future recovery is predicted to fall between 50% to 150% with 99% confidence Precision and Accuracy Study in At Least Three Matrixes Meet percent recovery (%Rec) and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) thresholds Storage Stability Study 35-day study observing target contaminant loss over time Multi-Laboratory Validation At least two additional laboratories or sites evaluate method performance United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 64 of 419 ------- General Method Flexibility YES Analytical columns Instrument conditions Detector conditions Other consumables where allowed NO Sample preservation OC requirements Extraction procedure General flexibilities can be superseded by specific information described in the method text Following any modification, the laboratory must verify method performance by repeating IDC, verifying all OC in the method are met, and verifying method performance in a representative sample matrix United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 65 of 419 ------- Method Development Update Published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584) Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other future cycles of the UCMR program Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods summarized in the FRN Federal Register Notice https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-02-08/pdf/2024-Q2247.pdf United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 66 of 419 ------- Request for Input on Methods for Emerging Contaminants The EPA requested information on the following on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584): Method name and instrumentation Status of the method {e.g., fully-developed, nearing completion, early development) Emerging contaminant(s), particularly the CCL 5 contaminants, that can be analyzed with the drinking water analytical method Method performance information, such as sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision attainable for the contaminant(s) Describe the degree to which the method performance has been validated Cost, availability, and projected laboratory capacity Citations for referenced analytical methods, including author(s), title, journal (or other publication), and date Contact information for the principal investigator, when available EPA Method Validation and Peer Review Policies and Guidelines https://www.epa.gov/measurements-modeling/method-validation-and-peer-review-policies-and-guidelines United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 67 of 419 ------- EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN (slide 1 of 2) Drinking water analytical methods in development to address CCL 5 contaminants Draft EPA Method 562 - Determination of selected pesticides in drinking water by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Draft EPA Method for Purgeable Organics - Measurement of purgeable organic compounds in water by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) Draft EPA Method for Legionella - Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium - Mycobacterium abscessus culture recovery with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium by qPCR- Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellular quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 68 of 419 ------- EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN (slide 2 of 2) Drinking water analytical methods in development to address per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants Draft EPA Method(s) for Targeted PFAS - The agency continues to conduct research and monitor advances and techniques that may improve the ability to measure specific PFAS Draft EPA EOF Method - An aggregate/"total PFAS" technique with screening potential for the determination of extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in drinking water by anion exchange solid phase extraction and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) Drinking water analytical methods in development to address other emerging contaminants Draft EPA Method for Microplastics - Analysis of microplastics in drinking water using spectroscopic instrumentation EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 69 of 419 ------- Methods Request Feder Notice (FRN) - Comment Summary The EPA's FRN published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584) requested comments on methods by April 8, 2024 (though the agency continues to welcome input, including today, and will consider it as schedules permit) The EPA received 12 comments The following contaminants were addressed by commenters: (six EPA methods, eight EPA methods in development, three external stakeholder methods) Chemicals - PFAS, microplastics, DBPs, 1,2,3-trichloropropane Microbes - Legionella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium species Other public interest contaminants - (i.e.,hexavalent chromium, 6PPD-quinone) The EPA is currently reviewing comments A summary of the comments will be provided in the UCMR 6 docket Instructions for viewing the FRN and related comments can be found on slides 71-74. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 70 of 419 ------- Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket (slide 1 of 4) To view comments: 1. Go to https://www.regulations.gov/ 2. Type the Docket ID No. EPA-HQ OW-2023-0469 into the search box An official website of the United States Government. ฃg Regulations.gov Your Voice in Federal Decision Making Make a difference. Snhmit yC.jr comments let vour voice be heard. What's New on Regulations.gov New features include the ability to download Agency, Docket, and Public Submission ฉ Explore i ' ~Dl -P Comments Due Soon United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 71 of 419 ------- Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket (slide 2 of 4) To view comments: 3. Select the "Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule" document Search EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469 X Dockets Documents Comments REFINE DOCUMENTS RESULTS @ SEARCH RESULTS SORT BY Best Match - Only show documents open for comment (1) Document Type Supporting & Related Material (83) Proposed Rule (1) Posted DPOSED RULE Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule ^Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001 Comment Comments Due Apr 8, 2024 SUPPORTING & RELATED MATERIAL ASTM D3558 - 15 - Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water Last 15 Days (84) Agency Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-QW-2023-0469-0008 United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 72 of 419 ------- Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket (slide 3 of 4) To view comments: 4. Select the "Browse Posted Comments" tab, which shows every available comment 5. Select a comment to download PROPOSED RULE Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024 View More Documents 84 View Related Comments 1 Share ~ Document Details o Browse Posted Comments 1 ^ Document ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001 ^ Comments Received 12 More Details ฆป Content Action Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting. Summary The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging &EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 73 of 419 ------- Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket (slide 4 of 4) To view related UCMR 6 documents: 1. Select the "View More Documents" button PROPOSED RULE Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024 ^^iewMore Documents View Related Comments 1 Share -ป Document Details ฆ Browse Posted Comments 1 ^ Document ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001 ^ Comments Received 12 More Details ~ Content Action Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting. Summary The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 74 of 419 ------- Anticipated Process for Approval of Laboratories Supporting UCMR 6 Paul Grimmett U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 75 of 419 ------- Overview Applying for EPA approval to support UCMR Maintaining approval Multi-Laboratory UCMR Minimum Reporting Level (MRL) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 76 of 419 ------- General Expectations Laboratory Approval Program expected to be similar to the process used for previous UCMR cycles Only EPA approved laboratories can analyze UCMR samples collected at PWSs Approval is by method and by individual laboratory locations A laboratory may apply for approval for any method(s) The EPA anticipates that each laboratory analyzing samples from small PWSs (under contract to EPA) will be required to be approved for all UCMR 6 methods. Laboratories need to meet: UCMR 6 approval program criteria Required equipment criteria Laboratory performance criteria Data reporting requirements (including text file format requirements for SDWARS) The agency expects that laboratories supporting UCMR 6 will need to be approved under the EPA's program for the UCMR 6 methods, irrespective of whether they are certified/accredited by a state United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 77 of 419 ------- Laboratory Approval General Procedure Upon publication of the UCMR 6 proposal, anticipated in mid/late 2025, the EPA expects to initiate its UCMR 6 Laboratory Approval Program, which includes the following: Step 1: Laboratory submits request for registration materials Step 2: Laboratory completes registration Step 3: Laboratory completes application package(s) Step 4: EPA reviews application package(s) Step 5: Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies) Step 6: EPA sends written approval to successful laboratory Reference - Laboratory Approval Program for UCMR 5: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/laboratorv-approval-program-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-5 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 78 of 419 ------- Step 1 - Request to Participate Interested laboratories submit a written request to the UCMR Laboratory Approval Coordinator at UCMR Lab Approval(g)epa.gov The EPA provides registration material United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 79 of 419 ------- Step 2 - Registration Laboratory completes registration materials, which typically includes: List of the UCMR methods, for which the laboratory sought approval Laboratory information Mailing and shipping address Contact information The EPA provides a custom application package based on registration information, along with a copy of the Laboratory Approval Manual United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 80 of 419 ------- Step 3 - Application Package Laboratory completes application package(s) Separate application for each method Application package typically includes: Proof of current drinking water laboratory certification (for select compliance monitoring methods) Personnel information Quality Assurance (QA) information Information regarding analytical equipment and sample handling procedures Data submission for each method (e.g., Initial Demonstration of Capability (IDC) study, Quality Control (QC) sample results, quantification reports) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide si of 419 ------- Step 4 - Review of Application Package The EPA reviews application package(s) If deficiencies are identified the agency gives the laboratory an opportunity to take corrective actions and submit new application information If all requested information is present and acceptable, the EPA notifies the laboratory that they are eligible to participate in corresponding proficiency testing (PT) studies United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 82 of 419 ------- Step 5 - Proficiency Testing The EPA provides method-specific PT samples Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies): Analyze PT sample(s) for each contaminant and method Successfully report PT data to SDWARS using text file format No PT studies are anticipated after monitoring begins but audits are expected during monitoring United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 83 of 419 ------- Step 6 - Written EPA Approval After successful participation in a PT study for a specific method, the EPA notifies the laboratory in writing The EPA posts a list of approved laboratories and associated methods at: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 84 of 419 ------- Laboratory Approval Manual Procedures for obtaining UCMR approval and for revocation of approval QA requirements QC requirements Verification of ability to meet the EPA's quantitation requirements (Method MRL Confirmation for multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs) Initial demonstration of capability Initial calibration Continuing calibration checks Surrogate and internal standard criteria Reagent blanks and fortified blanks QC samples Spiked field samples Field blank criteria (if required by the method) Sample handling requirements EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 85 of 419 ------- Typical Criteria for Maintaining Approval Adhere to QA/QC measures in the methods, rule language, and the Laboratory Approval Manual Post occurrence data and required QC data via SDWARS within prescribed timeframe Respond to inquires or requests from the Laboratory Approval Coordinator Participate and pass on-site and/or paper audits United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 86 of 419 ------- Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs The multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs are established: Using pooled data from multiple laboratories that performed the "Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level" (LCMRL) studies to identify their quantitation capability The EPA set quantifiable reporting limits based on pooled LCMRL results from a multi- laboratory study To achieve quality and consistency across all UCMR laboratories, while allowing for appropriate national laboratory capacity As low as is feasible (generally); with the EPA's goal to set them lower than current health reference levels (HRLs) and health advisory concentrations The EPA will consider raising UCMR MRLs if there is evidence that an MRL is unattainable/impractical United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 87 of 419 ------- Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs The Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRL is the lowest quantitation level that, with 95% confidence, can be achieved by capable analysts at 75% or more of the laboratories nationwide using a specified drinking water analytical method Each single-laboratory lowest concentration MRL (LCMRL) is the lowest true concentration for which the future recovery is predicted to fall, with high confidence (99%), between 50 and 150% recovery Simultaneous application of precision and accuracy United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 88 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and Rationale Rachel Kaiser, Ph.D. U.S. EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Standards and Risk Management Division Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 89 of 419 ------- Overview Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5) contaminants UCMR candidate selection process and rationale Method considerations Health and occurrence data and sources Contaminant specific information by method United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 90 of 419 ------- Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) CCL 5 was published on November 14, 2022 (87 FR 68060) Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0594 at https://www.regulations.gov/ CCL 5 Approach Build Universe Screen - Preliminary CCL (PCCL) (starting point for UCMR 6 "universe") CCL 5 Contaminant Information Sheets (CISs) Contains health effects and occurrence data collected through December 2019 for contaminants CCL Classification The Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) Approach https://www.epa.gov/ccl/overview-ccl-5-approach United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 91 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Individual Chemical Contaminants (slide 1 of 2) BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Acephate Bisphenol A Cobalt (UCMR 3) EPTC (UCMR 1) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3) Acetamiprid Boron Cotinine Esfenvalerate 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2) Boscalid Cycloate Ethalfluralin 1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3) Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2) Bromacil Cyfluthrin Ethion 1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) Acetophenone Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011) (UCMR 3) Cyhalothrin Ethoprop (UCMR 4) 1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3) Acrolein Bromoxynil Cypermethrin Famoxadone 17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3) Acyclovir Bupropion Cyprodinil Fenbuconazole 17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3) Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2) Butyl benzyl phthalate Deethylatrazine Fenitrothion 1-Butanol (UCMR 4) Alachlor OA (UCMR 2) Caffeine Desisopropyl atrazine Fenpropathrin 1-O-Benzoylhexopyranuronic acid Aldrin Calcium Desvenlafaxine Fenthion 1-Phenylacetone alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4) Camphor Diazepam Fexofenadine 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Ametryn Carbamazepine Diazinon1 (UCMR 1) Fipronil 2,4-Dichlorophenol1 (UCMR 1) Ammonia Carbaryl Dicamba Fluconazole 2,4-Dinitrophenol1 (UCMR 1) Androstenedione (UCMR 3) Carbendazim Dichlorvos Flufenacet 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1) Anthraquinone Carbon disulfide Dicrotophos Fluometuron 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1) Atenolol Chlordecone (kepone) Dieldrin Fluoranthene 2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4) Azoxyst robin Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) (UCMR 3) Diethyl phthalate Fluoxetine 2-Hydroxyatrazine Benfluralin Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) (UCMR 3) Difenoconazole Galaxolide 2-Methylnaphthalene Bensulide Chlorothalonil Dimethenamid Gemfibrozil 3-Monoacetyl morphine Bentazon Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4) Dimethenamid OA Heroin 4-tert-Octylphenol Benzoic acid Clomazone Dimethoate (UCMR 2) Hexazinone 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Benzophenone Clopyralid Di-n-butyl phthalate Hippuric acid 6-Monoacetyl morphine Bifenthrin Clothianidin Diuron1 (UCMR 1) Hydromorphone 1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles are designed to be nationally representative. EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 92 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Individual Chemical Contaminants (slide 2 of 2) BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide MCPP Nonylphenol Propargite Terbacil (UCMR 1) Hydroxyamphetamide Meprobamate Norflurazon Propazine Terbufos1 (UCMR 1) Imazalil Metalaxyl Oxadiazon Propiconazole Testosterone (UCMR 3) Imazapyr Metformin Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4) Propoxur Tetraconazole Imazaquin Methamphetamine p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1) Prosulfuron Thiabendazole Imazethapyr Methocarbamol p-Cresol Pymetrozine Thiamethoxam Imidacloprid Methomyl Pendimethalin Pyraclost robin Thiobencarb Indoxacarb Methylbenzotriazole Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4) Pyrene Thiram Iprodione Methylmercury Phenanthrene Pyridaben Tin Isodrin Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2) Phenol Quinoline (UCMR 4) Tri-allate Isophorone Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2) Phenylpropanolamine Silicon Tribufos (UCMR 4) Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) Metoprolol Phorate Sitagliptin Tributyl phosphate Isoxaflutole Metribuzin Phosmet Sodium Triclopyr Lactofen Molybdenum (UCMR 3) Phosphorus Sulfamethoxazole Triclosan lambda-Cyhalothrin Morphine Phostebupirim Sulfentrazone Triethyl citrate Lidocaine Morphine-3-glucuronide Piperonyl butoxide Sulfometuron-methyl Trifloxyst robin Linuron1 (UCMR 1) Morphine-6-glucuronide Potassium Tamoxifen Trifluralin Lithium (UCMR 5) MTBE (UCMR 1) Profenofos (UCMR 4) Tris(2-butoxylethyl) phosphate (TBEP) Tungsten Loratadine Myclobutanil Prometon1 (UCMR 1) Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) Vanadium (UCMR 3) Magnesium Naled Prometryn Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP) Verapamil Malathion Naphthalene Pronamide Tebuconazole (UCMR 4) Manganese (UCMR 4) Nicotine Propachlor Tebuthiuron MCPA N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) Propanil Tefluthrin 1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles are designed to be nationally representative. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 93 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant Groups (slide 1 of 2) BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development Disinfectant Byproduct (DBP) Group HALOACETIC ACIDS IODINATED TRIHALOMETHANES NITROSAMINES Bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) (UCMR 4) Bromochloroiodomethane (BCIM) Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) (UCMR 2) Bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA) (UCMR 4) Bromodiiodomethane (BDIM) N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (UCMR 2) Dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA) (UCMR 4) Chlorodiiodomethane (CDIM) N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (UCMR 2) Tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) (UCMR 4) Dibromoiodomethane (DBIM) N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) (UCMR 2) HALOACETONITRILES Dichloroiodomethane (DCIM) N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) Iodoform (triiodomethane, TIM) Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) (UCMR 2) Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) OTHERS HALONITROM ETHANES Chlorate (UCMR 3) Bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM) Formaldehyde Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane, TCNM) Dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM) EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Cyanotoxin Group12 Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4) Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4) Saxitoxin MICROCYSTES Microcystin LA (UCMR 4) Microcystin LR (UCMR 4) Microcystin RR (UCMR 4) Microcystin YR (UCMR 4) 1 As defined by the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5): "Toxins naturally produced and released by some species of cyanobacteria (previously known as "blue-green algae"). The group of cyanotoxins includes, but is not limited to: anatoxin- a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystins, and saxitoxin." 2 The CCL 5 does not list specific microcystins. The microcystins listed above are microcystins with available drinking water analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists microcystin LW. Office of Water Slide 94 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant Grouns (^hhp ? nf BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) Group12 ll-Chloroperfluoro-3-oxaundecanesulfonic acid (HCI-PF30UdS) (UCMR 5) Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (UCMR 5) 2-(N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NEtFOSAA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (UCMR 5) 2-(N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NMeFOSAA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) (UCMR 5) 4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) (UCMR 5) 4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) (UCMR 5) Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (UCMR 5) 6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) (UCMR 5) Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (UCMR 5) 8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS) (UCMR 5) Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (UCMR 5) 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-l-sulfonic acid (9CI-PF30NS) (UCMR 5) Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (UCMR 5) Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO DA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (UCMR 5) Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid (NFDHA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS) (UCMR 5) Perfluoro(4-methoxybutanoic acid) (PFMBA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoro-2-ethoxyethanesulfonic acid (PFEESA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) (UCMR 5) Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid (PFMPA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) (UCMR 5) Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) (UCMR 5) Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (UCMR 5) 1 As defined in the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5): "For the purpose of CCL 5, the structural definition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) includes chemicals that contain at least one of these three structures (except for PFOA and PFOS which are already in the regulatory process): 1. R-(CF2)-CF(R')R", where both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen 2. R-CF20CF2-R', where both the CF2 moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen 3. CF3C(CF3)RR', where all the carbons are saturated, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen" 2 The CCL 5 does not list specific PFAS. The EPA recognizes that this slide only captures a subset of thousands of PFAS compounds encompassed in the CCL 5 structural definition. The PFAS listed above are PFAS with available drinking water analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), which do not have available analytical methods. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 95 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants BOLD: Contaminants on Contaminants Previously Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with CCL 5 Monitored in UCMRs Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development Acinetobocter boumannii Enterovirus2 (UCMR 3) Naegleria fo wleri Adenovirus Escherichia coli (0157) Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Aeromonas hydrophila1 Exophiala jeanselmei Pantoea agglomerans Arcobocter butzleri Fusarium solani Plesiomonas shigelloides Aspergillus fumigatus group Helicobacter pylori Pseudomonas aeruginosa Astrovirus Hepatitis A virus Rotavirus Blastocystis hominis Hepatitis E virus Salmonella enterica Caliciviruses Isospora belli Shigella sonnei Campylobacter jejuni Legionella pneumophila Toxoplasma gondii Comanonas testosteroni Microsporidia Vibrio cholerae Cyclospora cayetanensis Mycobacterium abscessus Yersinia enterocolitica Entamoeba histolytica Mycobacterium avium 1 Aeromonas genus was monitored in UCMR 1. 2 Enterovirus was monitored in UCMR 3. UCMR 3 also monitored for rotavirus, which is not listed on PCCL 5. EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 96 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development BOLD: Contaminants CCL 5 on Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development (slide 1 of 2) 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Bisphenol A DBAN Ethoprop (UCMR 4) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3) 8:2FTS (UCMR 5) Boron DBCAA (UCMR 4) Fipronil 1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene 9CI-PF30NS (UCMR 5) Bromacil DCAN Flufenacet 1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3) Acephate Bromoxynil Deethylatrazine Fluometuron 1,3-Dichloropropene Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2) Butyl benzyl phthalate Desisopropyl atrazine Fluoranthene 1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3) Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2) Caffeine Diazepam Fluoxetine HCI-PF30UdS (UCMR 5) ADONA (UCMR 5) Calcium Diazinon (UCMR 1) Formaldehyde 17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3) Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2) Carbamazepine Dicamba Gemfibrozil 17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3) Alachlor OA (UCMR 2) Carbaryl Dichlorvos Halon 1011 (UCMR 3) 1-Butanol (UCMR 4) Aldrin Carbendazim Dicrotophos HCFC-22 (UCMR 3) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4) Carbon disulfide Dieldrin Hexazinone 2,4-Dichlorophenol (UCMR 1) Ametryn Chlorate (UCMR 3) Diethyl phthalate HFPO DA (UCMR 5) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (UCMR 1) Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4) Chlordecone Dimethenamid OA Iprodione 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1) Androstenedione (UCMR 3) Chlorothalonil Dimethoate (UCMR 2) Isophorone 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1) BCAA (UCMR 4) Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4) Di-n-butyl phthalate Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) 2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4) BDCAA (UCMR 4) Clothianidin Diuron (UCMR 1) Lactofen 4:2FTS (UCMR 5) Bensulide Cobalt (UCMR 3) EPTC (UCMR 1) Linuron (UCMR 1) 4-tert-Octylphenol Bentazon Cycloate Esfenvalerate Lithium (UCMR 5) 6:2FTS (UCMR 5) Bifenthrin Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4) Ethion Magnesium vvEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 97 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development (slide 2 of 2) Malathion NDPA (UCMR 2) PFHxA (UCMR 5) Prometryn Thiobencarb Manganese (UCMR 4) NEtFOSAA (UCMR 5) PFHxS (UCMR 5) Pronamide Tin MCPA NFDHA (UCMR 5) PFMBA (UCMR 5) Propachlor Tribufos (UCMR 4) MCPP NMeFOSAA (UCMR 5) PFMPA (UCMR 5) Propanil Triclosan Methomyl N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) PFNA (UCMR 5) Propazine Trifluralin Methyl chloride (UCMR 3) Nonylphenol PFOA (UCMR 5) Propoxur Vanadium (UCMR 3) Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2) Norflurazon PFOS (UCMR 5) Pyrene Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2) NPYR (UCMR 2) PFPeA (UCMR 5) Quinoline (UCMR 4) Metribuzin Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4) PFPeS (UCMR 5) Silicon Microcystin LA (UCMR 4) PFAS Group PFTA (UCMR 5) Sodium Microcystin LR (UCMR 4) p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1) PFTrDA (UCMR 5) Sulfamethoxazole Microcystin RR (UCMR 4) Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4) PFUnA (UCMR 5) TBAA (UCMR 4) Microcystin YR (UCMR 4) PFBA (UCMR 5) Phenanthrene TCNM Molybdenum (UCMR 3) PFBS (UCMR 5) Phenol Tebuconazole (UCMR 4) MTBE (UCMR 1) PFDA (UCMR 5) Phorate Tebuthiuron Naphthalene PFDoA (UCMR 5) Phosphorus Terbacil (UCMR 1) NDBA (UCMR 2) PFEESA (UCMR 5) Potassium Terbufos (UCMR 1) NDEA (UCMR 2) PFHpA (UCMR 5) Profenofos (UCMR 4) Testosterone (UCMR 3) NDMA (UCMR 2) PFHpS (UCMR 5) Prometon (UCMR 1) Thiamethoxam E United States Hll Environmental Protection 1 Agency Office of Water Slide 98 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development1 Enterovirus (UCMR 3) Legionella pneumophila Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium avium United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 Contaminants Previously Monitored in UCMRs Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development Naegleria fowleri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella enterica Office of Water Slide 99 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Contaminants Monitored in Previous UCMRs UCMR 1 UCMR 2 UCMR 3 UCMR 4 UCMR 5 2,4-Dichlorophenol1 Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane l-Butanol Microcystin LA HCI-PF30UdS PFEESA 2,4-Dinitrophenol1 Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA) 1,3-Butadiene 2-Aminotoluene (o- Toluidine) Microcystin LR 4:2FTS PFHpA 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) 1,4-Dioxane alpha- Hexachlorocyclohexane Microcystin RR 6:2FTS PFHpS 2,6-Dinitrotoluene Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA) 17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol Anatoxin-a Microcystin YR 8:2FTS PFHxA Diazinon1 Dimethoate 17-beta estradiol Bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) Oxyfluorfen 9CI-PF30NS PFHxS Diuron1 Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) 4-Androstene-3,17-dione Bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA) Permethrin (cis- & trans-) ADONA PFMBA Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011) Chlorpyrifos Profenofos HFPO DA PFMPA Linuron1 Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) Chlorate Cylindrospermopsin Quinoline Lithium PFNA Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) Dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA) Tebuconazole NEtFOSAA PFOA p,p'-DDE(4,4'-DDE) N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) Ethoprop Tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) NFDHA PFOS Prometon1 N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Cobalt Manganese Tribufos NMeFOSAA PFPeA Terbacil N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) Enterovirus PFBA PFPeS Terbufos1 Molybdenum PFBS PFTA Testosterone PFDA PFTrDA Vanadium 1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles are designed to be nationally representative. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 100 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants Not Yet Monitored With Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development1 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (EPA 502.2, 524.2, 524.3,524.4) Carbendazim (EPA In Development 562) Fluometuron (EPA 532) Phenol (EPA 528) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (EPA 502.2, 504.1, 524.2, 524.3,524.4,551.1) Carbon disulfide (EPA524.2,524.3,524.4) Fluoranthene (EPA 550, 550.1) Phorate (EPA525.3) 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (epa 502.2,524.2, 524.3,524.4) Chlordecone (EPA 527*, In Development 562) Fluoxetine (EPA 542) Phosphorus (EPA 200.7) 1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) (502.2, 524.2, 524.3, 524.4) Chlorothalonil (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3) Formaldehyde2 (EPA 554,556.1) Potassium (EPA200.7) 2,4-DB (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555) Clothia nid in (EPA In Development 562) Gemfibrozil (EPA 542) Prometryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527) 4-tert-Octylphenol (559) Cycloate (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3) Hexazinone (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527) Pronamide (EPA525.2,525.3) 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (523, 536) DBAN2 (EPA551.1) Iprodione (EPA In Development 562) Propachlor (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3) Acephate (EPA 538) DCAN2 (EPA551.1) Isophorone (EPA 525.2,525.3) Propanil (EPA 532) Aldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3) Deethylatrazine (EPA 523,536) Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) (EPA 502.2,524.2, 524.3,524.4) Propazine (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 536) Ametryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3) Desisopropyl atrazine (EPA523,536) Lactofen (EPA 515.3**, 515.4**) Propoxur (EPA 531.1, 531.2) Bensulide (EPA 540,543) Diazepam (EPA542) Magnesium (EPA 200.5, 200.7) Pyrene (EPA 525.2, 525.3, 550, 550.1) Bentazon (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555) Dicamba (EPA515.3, 515.4, 555) Malathion (EPA 527) Silicon (SM 3111 D) Bifenthrin (EPA 527) Dichlorvos (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3) MCPA (EPA 555) Sodium (EPA 200.5, 200.7) Bisphenol A (SM 6810 B) Dicrotophos (EPA 538) MCPP (EPA 555) Sulfamethoxazole (EPA542) Boron (EPA 200.7) Dieldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3) Methomyl (EPA 531.1, 531.2, 540) TCNM2 (EPA 551.1) Bromacil (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 551.1) Diethyl phthalate (EPA 506, 525.2,525.3) Metribuzin (EPA 507, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1) Tebuthiuron (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 532) Bromoxynil (EPA In Development 562) Dimethenamid OA (EPA535) Naphthalene (EPA502.2, 524.2, 524.3, 524.4, 550, 550.1) Thiamethoxam (EPA In Development 562) Butyl benzyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3) Di-n-butyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3) N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (525.3) Thiobencarb (EPA527) Caffeine (SM 6810 B) Esfenvalerate (EPA527*) Nonylphenol (EPA559) Tin (EPA 200.5, 200.7, 200.9) Calcium (EPA 200.5, 200.7) Ethion (EPA 525.3) Norflurazon (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527*) Triclosan (EPA542) Carbamazepine (EPA 542) Fipronil (EPA In Development 562) PFAS Group (EOF) Trifluralin (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1) Carbaryl (EPA 531.1,531.2) Flufenacet (EPA In Development 562) Phenanthrene (EPA525.2, 525.3,550,550.1) 1 Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM) and Standard Methods (SM). The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. 2 Analytical methods have been published for these four disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) but they have not been monitored in earlier UCMR cycles. * EPA method 527: There are potential method analysis issues with these compounds ** EPA method 515.3 and 515.4: The herbicide Lactofen will be quantitated as Acifluorfen as their structures represent different esters of the same carboxylate moiety U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Slide 101 of 419 ------- PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development1 Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21 (Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS 12869:2019) Naegleriafowleri (sm 9750 - Proposed) Mycobacterium abscessus (EPA In Development) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (astm D5246-19, sm 9213 e, sm 9213 F, SM 9213 G) Mycobacterium avium (EPA In Development) Salmonella enterica (epa sap 600/R-10/133) 1 Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM), Standard Methods (SM), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods. UCMB has not yet evaluated these methods for UCMR 6 purposes. The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. BOLD: Contaminants on CCL 5 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 102 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process 184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non PCCL 5 contaminants 93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method related non-PCCL 5 contaminants (slide 1 of 2) r Consider other priority contaminants and nominations Contaminant selection first considers contaminants on the PCCL 51 (individual contaminants and groups) with a drinking water analytical method completed or near completion Other contaminants within the scope of analytical methods for PCCL 5 contaminants are also considered In Step 2, the EPA generally focuses on the subset of Step 1 that were not monitored for in a previous UCMR cycle Up to 30 Contaminants 1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain. United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 103 of 419 ------- UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process (slide 2 of 2) 184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non PCCL 5 contaminants 93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method related non-PCCL 5 contaminants 25 CCL 5 + 43 PCCL 5 contaminants = 68 [18 methods] Consider other priority contaminants and nominations Up to 30 Contaminants O e In Step 3 the EPA considers the subset of Step 2 contaminants that: Have an available health assessment to facilitate regulatory determinations Have critical health endpoints, are probable carcinogens, are active pesticides Have potential for widespread occurrence in drinking water based on use, production, or release data In Step 4, based on workgroup discussion, the contaminant list will be narrowed down, and potential additional contaminants will be considered based on workgroup discussion, consultations, agency priorities. In the final step, the EPA identifies up to 30 contaminants to be included n the UCMR 6 proposal and invites pubi c comment. 1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 104 of 419 ------- Other Considerations: Revisions to the Microbial and Disinfectant Byproduct Rules The EPA is currently examining opportunities to enhance protection against microbes and disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) through revisions to the suite of Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) Rules The agency anticipates finalizing the revisions to the MDBP rules in accordance with the dates in the Settlement Agreement between EPA and Waterkeeper Alliance Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, No. l:19-cv- 00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020) Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2020-0140-0001 at https://www.regulations.gov/ Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0486 at https://www.regulations.gov/ The UCMR 6 timeframe is such that the agency does not expect that the resulting occurrence data could meaningfully inform MDBP revisions. Further, the EPA recognizes that any data collected under UCMR 6 would not reflect conditions at PWSs after any regulatory revisions become effective (because water quality would be expected to change as a result of PWSs complying with such regulatory revisions). United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 105 of 419 ------- DBPs and Microbes Potentially Addressed by Revisions to the MDBP Rules DBPs: CCL5 Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane, TCNM) (EPA 551.1) Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) (EPA 551.1) Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) (EPA 551.1) Formaldehyde (EPA 554, EPA 556.1) Microbes: CCL5: Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21 (Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS 12869:2019) Mycobacterium species (EPA In Development) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SM 9213 E, F, G) Naegleriafowleri (SM 9750J PCCL5 Salmonella enterica (EPA SAP 600/R-10/133) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 106 of 419 ------- UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being Considered (slide 1 of 3) Table Key CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored EPA Method 200.7 Boron EPA Method 523 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Atrazine-desethyl-desisopropyl) Desethylatrazine (Atrazine-desethyl) Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine- desisopropyl) Propazine Ametryn Prometryn EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.4 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,3-Dichloropropene (cjs_ & trans-) Carbon disulfide Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) Naphthalene EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA Method 515.3, 515.4 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Bentazon Dicamba Lactofen EPA Method 527 Malathion Norflurazon Propazine Bifenthrin Bromacil Esfenvalerate Hexazinone Prometryn Thiobencarb EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 Norflurazon Hexazinone Phorate Isophorone Propazine Metribuzin Ametryn N,N-Diethyl-m- toluamide (DEET) Bromacil Phenanthrene Butyl benzyl phthalate Prometryn Chlorothalonil Pronamide Cycloate Pyrene Dichlorvos Tebuthiuron Diethyl phthalate Trifluralin Di-n-butyl phthalate Office of Water Slide 107 of 419 ------- UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being Considered (slide 2 of 3) Table Key CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored EPA Method 528 Phenol EPA Method 531.1, 531.2 Carbaryl Methomyl Propoxur EPA Method 532 Fluometuron Propanil Tebuthiuron EPA Method 535 EPA Method 555 2-(2-Methyl-4- chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP) 2-Methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Bentazon Dicamba EPA Method 538 Acephate Dicrotophos EPA Method 540 Bensulide Methomyl EPA Method 550, 550.1 Fluoranthene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene EPA Method 559 Nonylphenol 4-tert-Octylphenol EPA Method 542 Carbamazepine Diazepam Fluoxetine Gemfibrozil Sulfamethoxazole Triclosan EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide ios of 419 ------- EPA Methods in Development1 for UCMR 6: Contaminants Being Considered (slides^) Table Key CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored CCL 5 Previously Monitored Draft EPA Method 562 Bromoxynil Carbendazim Fipronil Flufenacet Iprodione Thiamethoxam Clothianidin Draft EPA Method Purgeable Organic Compounds2 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3) 1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. Refer to slides (68-69) for more information about additional method development work (e.g., PFAS methods and microplastics). 21,2,3-trichloropropane was previously monitored in UCMR 3 using EPA Method 524.3. The method in development is targeting a lower minimum reporting level (MRL). EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 109 of 419 ------- Data Availability for UCMR 6 Contaminants Being Considered For each method, the sets of slides that follow will address the following for the 68 contaminants across 18 methods being considered: Method number/technology type/name PCCL 5 or CCL 5 listing status Availability of an EPA health assessment Availability of occurrence data National and non-national Finished drinking water and ambient water Specific contaminant details are in Appendices A and B United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 110 of 419 ------- EPA Health Data Sources (slide 1 of 2) Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) https://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=chemicalsearch:l Office of Research and Development (ORD) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) https://iris.epa.gov/AtoZ/Plist type=alpha Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/provisional-peer- reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs-assessments Office of Water Health Advisories (HAs) or Health Effect Support Documents (HESDs) https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/epa-non-regulatory-health-based-drinking-water-levels United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 111 of 419 ------- Other Health Data Sources (slide 2 of 2) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) https://www.atsdr.cdc.gOv/az/a.html World Health Organization (WHO) https://www.who.int/gho/en/ Health Canada Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada) https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace- Fiealth/reports-publicat ons/water-qualitv/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water- qualitv-summary-table.html California Environmental Protection Agency's (CalEPA) Public Health Goals (PHGs) https://oehha.ca.gov/water/public-health-goals-phgs Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) Human Health-Based Water Guidance Table https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/risk/guidance/gw/table. html United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 112 of 419 ------- Occurrence Data Sources (slide 1 of 2) Finished Drinking Water Data Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) (2001 - current) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) Round 1 and 2 (1988 -1997) National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) (1984-1986) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) Small-Scale Local Occurrence Studies EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 113 of 419 ------- Occurrence Data Sources (slide 2 of 2) Supplemental Drinking Water and Ambient Water Data U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ambient Water National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) National Water Information System (NWIS) Special reports U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) Other specialized studies and literature United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 114 of 419 ------- Metals EPA Method 200.71 (ICP-AES), 1994 Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) Contaminant Name PCCL 5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Boron2 CCL 5 Yes National finished3 and ambient water 1 Additional PCCL 5 contaminants are also included in this method scope. These include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and tin. 2 Boron also has available Standard Methods (SM): SM 3120 B, SM 4500-B B, and SM 4500-B C. 3 Boron has national finished drinking water occurrence data from the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) conducted between 1984 and 1986. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 115 of 419 ------- Chlorinated Acids EPA Method 515.3, 515.4 (LLE-GC/ECD), 1996, 2000 Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-liquid Microextraction, Derivatization, and Fast Gas Chromatography With Electron Capture Detection (LLE-GC/ECD) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient Bentazon PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Dicamba PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Lactofen PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 116 of 419 ------- Chlorinated Acids EPA Method 555 (HPLC), 1992 Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), with a Photodiode Array Ultraviolet Detector Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability 2-(2-Methyl-4- chlorophenoxy)propionic acid PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient (MCPP) 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient Bentazon PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Dicamba PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 117 of 419 ------- Triazine Pesticides and Degradates EPA Method 523 (GC/MS), 2011 Determination of Triozine Pesticides and their Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Gos Chromotogrophy/Moss Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4- diamine (Atrazine-desethyl- desisopropyl) CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Desethylatrazine (Atrazine- desethyl) CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine- desisopropyl) CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Propazine CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Ametryn PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Prometryn PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 118 of 419 ------- Volatile Organics EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.41 (GC/MS), 1995, 2009, 2013 Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Using Nitrogen Purge Gas Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-)2 PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient Carbon disulfide PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Naphthalene PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1 EPA method 524.4 method technology uses nitrogen purge gas. EPA methods 524.2 and 524.3 method technology uses helium gas. 2 EPA determined cis- & trans-l,3-dichloropropene will be evaluated as total 1,3-dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) with a CASRN of 542-75-6. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 119 of 419 ------- Semivolatile Organics (slide 1 of 2) EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012 Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Norflurazon CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Phorate CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Propazine CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Ametryn PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Bromacil PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Butyl benzyl phthalate PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Chlorothalonil PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Cycloate PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Dichlorvos PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Diethyl phthalate PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Di-n-butyl phthalate PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 120 of 419 ------- Semivolatile Organics (slide 2 of 2) EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012 Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Hexazinone PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Isophorone PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Metribuzin PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Phenanthrene PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Prometryn PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Pronamide PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Pyrene PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Tebuthiuron PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Trifluralin PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient * EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 121 of 419 ------- Select Pesticides and Flame Retardants EPA Method 527 (GC/MS), 2005 Determination of Selected Pesticides and Flo me Retordonts in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 EPA Health Assessment Occurrence Data Availability Status Availability Malathion CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Norflurazon1 CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Propazine CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Bifenthrin PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Bromacil PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Esfenvalerate1 PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Hexazinone PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Prometryn PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Thiobencarb PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1 EPA Method 527 identifies there are potential method analysis issues with these compounds United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 122 of 419 ------- Phenols EPA Method 528 (GC/MS), 2000 Determination of Phenols in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Phenol PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 123 of 419 ------- N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates EPA Method 531.1, 531.2 (HPLC), 1995, 2001 Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Postcolumn Derivatization Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Carbaryl CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Methomyl CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Propoxur CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 124 of 419 ------- Phenylurea Compounds EPA Method 532 (HPLC), 2000 Determination of Phenylurea Compounds in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV Detection Contaminant Name PCCL 5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Fluometuron CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Propanil CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and ambient Tebuthiuron PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 125 of 419 ------- Herbicide Degradates EPA Method 535 (LC/MS/MS), 2005 Measurement of Chloroocetonilide and Other Acetomide Herbicide Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL 5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Dimethenamid oxanilic acid (OA) PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient * EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 126 of 419 ------- Organics EPA Method 538 (DAI-LC/MS/MS), 2009 Determination of Selected Organic Contaminants in Drinking Water by Direct Aqueous Injection-Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (DAI-LC/MS/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Acephate CCL 5 Yes National ambient Dicrotophos CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 127 of 419 ------- Organics EPA Method 540 (LC/MS/MS), 2013 Determination of Selected Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Bensulide CCL 5 Yes Non-national ambient Methomyl CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 128 of 419 ------- Pharmaceuticals EPA Method 542 (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 2016 Determination of Phormoceuticols and Personal Core Products in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Carbamazepine PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Diazepam PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Fluoxetine PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Gemfibrozil PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and ambient Sulfamethoxazole PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Triclosan PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient * EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 129 of 419 ------- Aromatic Hydrocarbons EPA Method 550, 550.1 (HPLC), 1990 Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Coupled Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Fluoranthene PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Naphthalene PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Phenanthrene PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient Pyrene PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient ' EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B. United States Environmental Protection ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 130 of 419 ------- Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol EPA Method 559 (LC/MS/MS), 2020 Determination of Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL 5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Nonylphenol1 CCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient 4-tert-Octylphenol PCCL 5 No* Non-national finished and national ambient 1 EPA method 559 reports technical nonylphenol (CASRN 84852-15-3), comprised mostly of branched C9-alkyl phenols, and not linear nonylphenol (CASRN 104-40-5) which is a laboratory generated chemical not typically found in the environment. CCL 5 lists a general version of nonylphenol with a different CASRN. * EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B. Office of Water Slide 131 of 419 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency ------- Pesticides Draft EPA Method 5621 (LC/MS/MS) Determination of Selected Pesticides in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Contaminant Name2 PCCL5/CCL 5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability Bromoxynil CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Carbendazim CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Fipronil CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Flufenacet CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Iprodione CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Thiamethoxam CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient Clothianidin PCCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 132 of 419 ------- Purgeable Organic Compounds Draft EPA Method1 (GC/MS) Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Contaminant Name PCCL5/CCL5 Status EPA Health Assessment Availability Occurrence Data Availability 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene CCL 5 Yes Non-national finished and national ambient 1,2,3-Trichloropropane CCL 5 Yes National finished2 and ambient 1The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. 21,2,3-trichloropropane has national finished drinking water occurrence data from UCMR 3 (2013-2015). Its UCMR 3 MRL was above the 10~6 cancer risk concentration, so EPA is pursuing the development of a method that would support measurements at lower concentrations. Office of Water Slide 133 of 419 United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency ------- Break *ปEPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 134 of 419 ------- Appendices AppendixA: Data Definitions Appendix B: Contaminants Under Consideration: Background, Health, and Occurrence Information Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 135 of 419 ------- Questions Specific to this Presentation Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel (Figure 1) to submit questions or comments Type a question in the box, click send (Figure 2) Submit your questions throughout the webinar Questions will be answered on an individual basis throughout the presentation Common and clarifying questions will be shared with the group or discussed after the breaks Figure 1 Figure 2 Want answers? ,N \ \ % I 1 o 1 I 1 1 i / * Ask the staff a question w Send United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 136 of 419 ------- Questions and Discussion Statements from participants that registered ahead of time Statements from other participants Subject to availability of time Additional statements or questions from attendees can be provided to the EPA via email: UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com after the public meeting and webinar vvEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 137 of 419 ------- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule EPA Webinar April 17, 2024 Erik D. Olson Senior Strategic Director for Health NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) ------- \ UCMR6: NRDC Has 5 Major Recommendations: Recommendation #1. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring for a Broader Array of PFAS Including a Method to Measure Total Organofluorine And a Revised Method 533 Photo: USGS ------- UCMR6 Recommendations (continued) Recommendation #2. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Both a Broad Assay for Legionella spp. and a Specific Assay for L. pneumophila. ------- Figure 1: Age-Standardized Incidence of Legionella by Race & Year 6.00 Year -~-NatlveAmef lean/Alaska Native ซ*ฆ Asian/Pacific Islander Blatk/Afrlcan American White Barekev AE. et a I. Rising Incidence of tegi6nnaiie&' Disease aid Associated Epidemiologic Pattern. United Slates. 1992-2018. Emera tnfect Oh. 2022 Mar;28<3l 1527-518. j2 Figure 2: Legionella Cases & Incidence by Age & Race 600 200 0 / / I 0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-54 65-74 75 84 85* Age Group {yซars) 3.0 20 * Z tj 1.0 g o.o ซj < 3000 2500 2000 1S00 1000 500 0 2.5 ฆCow* -Incidence Native Asian/Pacific Hlack/AFriran American/Alaska lUMfes America Native Race ฆ Cave 5 Incidence V 1 2.0 1 i & 1 1.5 \ a ?8 1.0 ซ 8 3 ir = $ 0.i U 3 ~> ~ 0.0 BarilgvAE. cuil Rising IncMt-nrfntlrjinnniun-^' Dlv-air nnri Awwhtrd FnidrnilolorlrPaltrrm. Unltrd Mntn 1W- ?01& fmrro.'n/rn F)h 2022 Mar28ป>-5?7 2l ------- J UCMR6 Recommendations (Continued) Recommendation #3. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Microplastics. Microplastics that have penetrated inside cells The image shows microplastics with a diameter of 0,5 nm (small green spheres) penetrating the cytoplasm of MH-22a hepatocyte cells. ZEISS Axio imager 2. Karimov Denis, Valova lana, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 ------- UCMR6 Recommendation #4. Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Hexavalent Chromium New Brunswick Montreal Toronto Vermont New Hampshire ฆNevada Montern Recommendation^ (continued) Vancouver Winnipeg North OTa-lrl 'I' Nova ' i'' 9 o 9 Wyoming " A Icon Key Nebraska V o V Mexico Havana Centro Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut v New Jersey \ Delaware Maryland District of Eurofins-Usirig UCMR 3 Data ------- 4 /^'aj f\ \ UCMR6 Recommendations v \ \ I (continued) fhoto: Johnny McClung, Upsplash jr r ฃ * Recommendation #5 Ensure that IjPA-Approved Methbd for Four Haloacetonitriles Haveiow 7 t J r / ' r 1 \ MRLs, and Require Monitoring for them inUCMR 6 ill ~"* / / / /I'll / / / / ' 1 ------- Conclusion 1. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring for a Broader Array of PFAS Including a Method to Measure Total Organofluorine And a Revised Method 533 2. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Both a Broad Assay for Legionella spp. and a Specific Assay for L. pneumophila. 3. Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Microplastics. 4. Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Hexavalent Chromium 5. Ensure that EPA-Approved Method for Four Haloacetonitriles Have Low MRLs and Require Monitoring for them in UCMR 6. 8 ------- Thank You NRDC Erik D. Olson eolson@nrdc.org ------- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule EPA Webinar April 18, 2024 Katie Pelch Scientist NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) ------- Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Science cซ Totql Environment Short Communication 70 analyte PFAS test method highlights need for expanded testing of PFAS in drinking water Katherine E. Pelch a, Taryn McKnightb, Anna Reade3'* H) a Natural Resources Defense Council, 111 Sutter SL Floor20, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA b Eurofms Environment Testing, 880 Riverside Parkway. West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA EPA should validate an expanded Method 533 that covers at a minimum the 40 PFAS included in Method 1633, but preferentially the 70 PFAS covered by multiple commercial laboratories. EPA should validate a sensitive total organofluorine method for use in drinking water. PF02HxA PFAS in Drinking Water R-PSDA pfPrS R EVE MTP PFECHS PMPA PF03OA FOSA Hydrolyzed PSDA PFPcA PFHpS 62 FTSA PFPcS PFNA PFBS PFBA PFHxS PFDA PFOA PFHxA PFOS PFHpA GcnX Currently unmonitored PFAS Detected in this study but not measured by EPA methods Detected in this study and covered by EPA methods In this study we found 26 unique PFAS, 12 of which are not covered by EPA methods. The PFAS class contains thousands of chemicals, most of which are not monitored for. ------- Range of Particle Sizes Covered by Different Definitions of Mixoplastic Provided in This Federal Register Anno uncement 1 nm to 5 mm Website "microplastics' "smaller than 1 janfi' Website "nanoplast 1 mm to 5 mm Federal Register "microplastics" 0 1 10 100 1,000 nm 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 1 nm 1 |am 1 mm EPA should validate methods that can detect and quantify smaller microplastics, less than 20 |jm. EPA should also aim to validate methods for the detection and quantification of microplastics: that are labor and time efficient, that include tire road wear particles, and that include weathered microplastics. ------- Thank You NRDC Katie Pelch kpelch@nrdc. org ------- EPA UCMR 6 methods meeting, April 18, 2024 Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ------- L. pneumophila is now the most common cause of reported drinking water-associated outbreaks 50 ~ Multiple ~ Unidentified ฆ Chemical ~ Viral ~ Bacterial, non-Legionella ฆ Parasitic ฆ Bacterial, Legionella PI ==! /A Q& fife i# & & Year 152 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Sources: Benedict et. al., 2017. All sources available on request. ------- Building owners are already using water management plans to reduce pathogen disease risk ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2021 (Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2018) Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix D Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems See Informative Appendix D for approval dates. This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPQ for which the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. Instructions for how to submit a change can be found on the ASHRAEฎ website (https://www.ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance). The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. ฉ2021 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336 Risk Management for Building Water Systems: Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Hazards o o o o Public water customers are already using WMPs Building owners are already asking their public water systems what they are doing Recent studies show that pathogens are present in public water systems, in low levels ASHRAE 188 focus is Legionella ASHRAE 514 focus is aeruginosa and HPC + other risks 153 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- UCMR 6 monitoring could be the most effective way to understand and reduce overall risk "The potential for finding an opportunistic pathogen in the utility's water system will be a major concern for the legal department whose job it is to protect the utility from risk. However, not knowing about L. pneu risks has its own set of issues, particularly when simple methods are available and corrective actions can readily be implemented. Overall, the utility is better protected by identifying and dealing with risks than ignoring them." - LeChevallier, 2020 Focus on L. pneumophila in the distribution system is increasing o WRF Study # 5118: Understanding the Mechanisms of Chlorine and Chloramine Impact on Opportunistic Pathogens in Distribution Systems o WRF Study # 5156: Occurrence of Legionella spp. [Lp] in Drinking Water Distribution Systems 154 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- Best practices for utilities are evolving but becoming clearer NASEM Report on Legionella Utilities should maintain "a disinfectant residual throughout public water systems and validate the treatment performance by routine monitoring for Legionella pneumophila from water samples representative of the distribution system" How to implement routine monitoring? o Distribution System Handbook: Developing a drinking water pneumophila monitoring program o WRF Project #4664: Customer Messaging on Opportunistic Pathogens Plumbing Systems o Health Education and Public Health article: Guidance on Developing a Legionella pneumophila Monitoring Program for Utility Distribution Systems o IDEXX Water Academy Course: Developing a Legionella Monitoring Program Companion Course WW Management of Legionella in Water Systems ------- I here are several goals that UCMR pathogen monitoring program could achieve o To understand the adequacy of existing treatment o To be able to better communicate with stakeholders, especially those who have implemented water management plans and testing o To become familiar with methods for Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monitoring o To be consistent with internal water quality goals 156 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- ""here is one important goal a UCMR 6 monitoring program could achieve Biofilm Mitigation, reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Water. in Panicle load Cell load Nutrients load Water Panicle load Cell load Nutrients bad (regrcwth & particle accumulation) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97(21) DQI:10.1007/s00253-013-5217-v o The biofilm produced by P. aeruginosa makes a system difficult to disinfect and, as a result, is often where the L. pneum and out other bacteria are found, making it an important target for UCMR 6 assessment. o Understanding biofilm and aeruginosa can allow for addressing how to remove the opportunity and presence of several waterborne pathogens. 157 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- " "he Legiolert test method significantly simplifies testing, eliminating variability and opportunities for error Step 1 Combine sample with Legiolert reagent Step 2 Pour mixture into Legiolert Quanti-Tray and seal 158 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Step 3 Incubate for 7 days Step 4 ife.'i. its. t>i ฆ asii i ฃl Li ฆ lisfl l flfl 1 IfcSl . ป. ia ซป! Hi tll.J Ll.'WI.i *1 &1M' MUftft . 11 ji u i iซt!i i/nni Read results: Brown color and/or turbidity is a confirmed positive for L. pneumophila ------- The Pseudalert test method significantly simplifies testing, eliminating variability and opportunities for error Step 1 Combine sample with Pseudalert reagent Step 2 Add anti-foam to sample Step 3 Pour mixture into Legiolert Quanti-Tray and seal 159 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All'rights reserved. Step 4 ฃ Incubate for 24 hours Step 5 Read results under 365 nm UV: Fluorescent wells are positive for P. aeruginosa ------- Legiolert is a standardized method o ASTM method D8429-21: Standard Test Method for Legionella pneumophila in Water Samples Using Legiolert o UK's Standing Committee of Analysts, Blue Book: Legionella bacteria in waters and other Culture Methods for their detection and o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for hot and cold sanitary water and cooling tower water (Reference No IDX 33/06 06/19) o Regulatory Approvals: Hungary New Brunswick, Canada 160 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- Pseudalert is a standardized method o Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: SM9213 o International Organization for Standards (ISO): ISO 16266-2:2018, Water Quality - Detection and nnumnration of Psnudomonas anruginosa o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books: and Environmental Waters (2015) - Part 7 - Meth Aeromonas and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books: (2015) - Part 8 - Methods for the isolation and aeruginosa o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for the testing of water for (2016) (Reference No. IDX 33/05-03/16) o Regulatory Approvals: Governmental regulatory approvals in 13 countries 161 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- Summary and Request o Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas are well known, dangerous waterborne pathogens with high disease burden o Drinking water systems can contribute to these organisms being in buildings and creating disease risk o These waterborne pathogens contribute to significant disease burden and sometimes death o Understanding, and then managing, the risk level can only be understood through thoughtful and targeted testing, such as is done under UCMR o We strongly encourage EPA to add L. pneumophila and P. aeruginosa to UCMR 6 and use the validated, standardized methods described here 162 ฉ 2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ------- General CCL Comments David Schiessel, Babcock Labs, Riverside CA dschiessel@babcocklabs.com ~ Recommend development of Ultra-Short Chain PFAS method either using HILIC of IC-MS/MS (similar to EPA 332) ~ Some labs have experience. Currently doing projects in drinking water ~ Recommend development of PFAS method using GC-MS/MS (eg: FTOH class) for PFAS coverage ~ Support development/implementation EPA 562 using SPE and LC-MS/MS ~ SPE and LC-MS/MS well understood by lab community leaders ~ Support development/implementation of 1,2,3-TCP and other analytes by 524.x using SIM ~ Already support 1,2,3-TCP at 5ng/L ~ In CA, currently using a non-EPA method but same technology ~ Mycobacterium - Recommend qPCR approach over MALDI-MS. ~ Use same technology as Legionella proposed technique ~ MALDI quantitative precision challenges (anecdotal experience) ~ Cost of MALDI equipment higher than qPCR (MALDI may be 2-3x the cost of qPCR) ------- ~ Performed analyte fate studies on relevant/emerging PFAS classes using both AOF and EOF ~ Both EOF/AOF perform very well for common PFAS analyte lists (C4+ carboxylates, sulfonates C3+, FTS C6+) 12 ~ Some important differences exist in chemical space captured ~ EOF identical chemical space to EPA 533 (same prep method) ~ AOF has orthogonal chemical space ~ There is no OF method that captures everything (trade-offs) ~ EOF may have lower achievable reporting levels, but misses relevant PFAS classes (study to be released 2024) ------- PFAS Class Suitability for EOF arid AOF Parameter EOF (WAX) AOF (GAC) Perfluorosulfonamides (eg: PFOSA) toxic and occur in DW 3'4 No - Lost at extract dryness Yes-4, C6, C8, CIO >85% Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) Nc |- Lost via breakthrough Yes - 6:2 and 8:2 FTOH >70% Cationic PFAS (AFFF relevant) Nc |- quat N unretained on WAX Yes - N-TAmP-FHxSA, N-AP-FHxSA, N-CMAmP-6:2FOSA >80% Hexafluorophosphate PF6~ (Not OF) I fes |- retained on WAX, and High Combust. Eff. No Tetrafluoroborate BF4" (Not OF) | - retained on WAX No ------- PFAS Class Suitability for EOF and AOF (Edge Cases) Parameter EOF (WAX) AOF (GAC) Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) No - Lost in matrix spikes and during evap/drying No - Breakthrough (cone dep.) Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA) No - Lost in matrix spikes and during evap/drying No - Breakthrough (cone dep.) Trifluoromethanesulfonate (TFMS) Yes - removed from nitrate F- removaii Perfluoroethanesulfonate (PFEtS) Yes - removed from nitrate F- removal - All these analytes may be performed by targeted methods using HILIC or IC-MS/MS - Some don't meet certain definitions of PFAS ------- PF-Sulfonamides Relevant class missed by complete dryness of extract Detected PFOSA/PFBSA in 9 pre-treated groundwater samples using alternative technique ng/L 120 100 EPA 533 SPE Technique 80 60 40 20 Dups RPD =32% PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA 6 7 8 9 PFHxSA BPFOSA BPFDSA ng/L 120 100 Alternative SPE Technique PFBSA 10 or 20 ng/L? ] 80 60 40 20 B Dups RPD=0.1% i PFBSA >70ng/L RPD=3.3% I I 2 3 4 5 6 ฆ PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA ฆ PFHxSA 7 8 9 iPFOSA BPFDSA ------- References 1. Han, Y., Pulikkal, V. F., & Sun, M. (2021). Comprehensive Validation of the Adsorbable Organic Fluorine Analysis and Performance Comparison of Current Methods for Total Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Samples. ACS ES&T Water, 1(6), 1474-1482, https://doi.org/10.1021 /acsestwater. 1 c00047 2. Jiao, E., Zhu, Z., Yin, D Qiu, Y., Karrman, A., & Yeung, L. W. Y. (2022). A pilot study on extractable organofluorine and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water from drinking water treatment plants around Taihu Lake, China: What is missed by target PFAS analysis? Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 24(7), 1060-1070. https://dohorq/10.1039/D2EM00073C 3. Munoz, G., Liu, M., Vo Duy, S., Liu, J., & Sauve, S. (2023). Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Quebec, Canada. Water Research, 233, 119750. https://doi.ora/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119750 4. Rericha, Y., Cao, D., Truong, L., Simonich, M. T., Field, J. A., & Tanguay, R. L. (2022). Sulfonamide functional head on short-chain perfluorinated substance drives developmental toxicity. iScience, 25(2), 103789. https://doi.orq/10.1016/ijsci.2022.103789 ------- Closing Remarks Brenda Bowden, U.S. EPA Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 169 of 419 ------- If You Have Questions Following This Webinar UCMR Homepage: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr EPA Contacts: Brenda Bowden: bowden.brenda@epa.gov Melissa Simic: simic.melissa(a>epa.gov Rachel Kaiser: kaiser.rachel(a>epa.gov Lab Approval Program: UCMR Lab Approval@epa.gov Safe Drinking Water Information: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information Meeting materials were sent to all registered participants If you did not receive a copy, please email UCMRwebinar(5)cadmusgroup.com and we will send you a copy United States ^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 170 of 419 ------- Thank You Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today. If you have additional statements that you would like to make, please send them to UCMRWebinar(S>cadmusgroup.com after the public meeting and webinar. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 171 of 419 ------- Appendix A: Data Definitions *ปEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 172 of 419 ------- Overview Appendix A defines terms and identifies sources of health and occurrence data Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Definitions Use/Production/Release Data Sources Health Sources of Information EPA and Other Sources Health Data Parameters Occurrence Data Sources National and Non-National studies Finished Drinking and Ambient Water For more information on how these sources were utilized for CCL 5, refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 173 of 419 ------- Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Definitions Biodegradation Half Life (t1/2) The time required to reduce the concentration of a chemical in the environment by 50%. Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) Also called the air-water partition coefficient; the ratio of the concentration of a contaminant that partitions to air relative to the concentration of a contaminant that partitions to water in an air-water system. Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) A partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water, which serves as a measure of the relationship between fat solubility and water solubility of a substance. Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) The ratio of the amount of chemical adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon (oc) in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium. Water Solubility The measure of the amount of chemical substance that can dissolve in water at a specific temperature, normally expressed as a concentration. A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection ^#^1 Agency slide 174 of 419 ------- Use/Production/Release Data Sources TRI The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program was developed by the EPA as part of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act to inform citizens of chemical releases from industrial facilities. TRI tracks the industrial management of toxic chemicals that may cause harm to human health and the environment. CDR The Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) rule, under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requires manufacturers (including importers) to provide EPA with information on the production and use of chemicals in commerce. USGS Pesticide Application The United States Geological Survey (USGS) publishes estimates of pesticide application rates using projected county crop acres from the Census of Agriculture. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 175 of 419 ------- EPA Health Sources of Information (slide 1 of 2) DWSHA EPA's Drinking Water Standard and Health Advisories (DWSHA) table is a summary of Health Advisory values for contaminants based on non-cancer health effects for different durations of exposure [e.g., one-day, ten-day, and lifetime) as well as the underlying reference dose (RfD) supporting the lifetime Health Advisory or, if applicable, the cancer risk values for drinking water contaminants. The tables also include the contaminants currently regulated under SDWA for which EPA has established National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs). This document is periodically updated to reflect changes in health advisory values or regulatory values. HHC Human Health Criteria (HHC) are calculated by the EPA in accordance with the Clean Water Act for consumption of water and/or organisms, such as fish. IRIS EPA's Office of Research and Development houses the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program that supports the EPA by characterizing the toxicity of compounds. OPP EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Reregistration Eligibility Decision (REDs) and Health Effects Division Human Health Risk Assessment (HED HHRAs). OPP HHBP The Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBPs) are published by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). The purpose of the benchmarks is to determine whether the detection of a pesticide in drinking water or source waters for drinking water may indicate a potential health risk and help with EPA prioritization of monitoring efforts. HHBPs are available for pesticide active ingredients for which Health Advisories or enforceable National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) have not been developed. The HHBPs are not legally enforceable federal standards. A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 176of419 ------- EPA Health Sources of Information (slide 2 of 2) OW HA Office of Water Health Advisory documents (HA). HA documents provide technical information on chemical and microbial contaminants that can cause human health effects and are known or anticipated to occur in drinking water. HA values/levels identify the concentration of a contaminant in drinking water at which adverse health effects and/or aesthetic effects are not anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations [e.g., 1 day, 10 days, a lifetime). HAs are not to be construed as legally enforceable federal standards and are subject to change as new information becomes available. PPRTV The Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) program supports EPA's Superfund program by generating health assessments for compounds not already assessed under EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program. The health assessments generate provisional toxicity values like provisional- Reference Doses (RfDs) and provisional- Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs). All provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values receive internal review by EPA scientists and external peer review by independent scientific experts. ToxRefDB The Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) contains the results of thousands of in vivo animal toxicity studies conducted over the last 30 years. This database was compiled by EPA and released in 2014. The purpose of the database is to describe dose- response animal toxicity data with a standardized vocabulary so that the results are accessible and searchable. V> United States Office of Water Environmental Protection ^1 Agency slide 177 of 419 ------- Other Sources of Health Information (slide 1 of 2) CalEPA OEHHA California EPA's (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment's (OEHHA) Chemical Database contains all of California's toxicity criteria information developed for chemicals evaluated by OEHHA. This information includes reference exposure levels, California Public Health Goals (PHGs), child-specific reference doses, Proposition 65 safe harbor numbers, soil-screening levels, and fish advisories. CDC ATSDR The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) protects communities from harmful health effects related to exposure to natural and man-made hazardous substances by responding to environmental health emergencies; investigating emerging environmental health threats; conducting research on the health impacts of hazardous waste sites; and building capabilities of and providing actionable guidance to state and local health partners. ATSDR assessments are comparable to EPA assessments [i.e., chronic duration oral minimal risk levels (MRLs) are considered comparable to EPA's reference doses (RfDs)). CDWG Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) are established by Health Canada in collaboration with the Federal-Provincial- Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment, establishes Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality for drinking water parameters [i.e., chemical, physical, microbial parameters). FDA The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD) database, housed within the National Library of Medicine DSSTox FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database (FDAMDD), which includes MRDDs for over 1,200 pharmaceuticals. EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 178 of 419 ------- Other Sources of Health Information (slide 2 of 2) MN DOH The Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) develops health-based guidance values that can be used to help evaluate potential human health risks from exposures to chemicals in groundwater. The MN DOH calculates guidance values for cancer and non-cancer endpoints of various exposure durations including acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic durations. NIH CPDB The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) synthesized the results of 50 years of chronic, long-term carcinogenesis bioassays. Information recorded included the strain, sex, route of compound administration, target organ, histopathology, author's opinion about carcinogenicity, quantitative data on tumor incidence, dose-response, the tumorigenic dose-rate for 50% of experimental animals (TD50), statistical significance of the dose-response, length of experiment, duration of dosing, and average daily dose-rate. This database was last updated in August 2007. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents. NIH HSDB The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that includes information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, toxicity values, and other relevant information. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific Review Panel. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents. WHO The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes health-based guidance values for drinking water quality. WHO IARC The World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies compounds into groups based on available toxicity data. The dataset contains cancer classifications for over 1,000 contaminants. vvEPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 179 of 419 ------- Health Data Parameters (slide 1 of 3) Benchmark/Chronic Benchmark Health-based concentration in water for a chronic exposure duration - e.g., Lifetime Health Advisories, 10"6 cancer risk concentrations, Cancer Health Risk Limits or Chronic Health Risk Limits guidance values from the MN DOH, Chronic Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and chronic HHBP. Acute Benchmark Health-based concentration in water for a short-term exposure duration - e.g., 10-day Health Advisories, acute, short- term, or subchronic guidance values from the MN DOH, Intermediate Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and acute HHBPs. CSF Cancer Slope Factor (CSF). This is the cancer risk per unit dose determined during a health assessment. CCL-HRL Health reference levels (HRLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process and are non-regulatory health-based toxicity values that are expressed as concentrations of a chemical in drinking water that a person could consume over a lifetime and be unlikely to experience adverse health effects. HRLs are not legally enforceable federal standards. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents. CCL-SL CCL screening levels (SLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process similar to CCL-HRLs for chemicals with no available qualifying or non-qualifying health assessments (publicly available assessments published by health agencies to provide valuable health information, but do not necessarily follow standard EPA methodologies and/or are not peer-reviewed by experts outside the publishing agency). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents. A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slideisoof419 ------- Health Data Parameters (slide 2 of 3) RfD A reference dose (RfD), also referred to as a Population-Adjusted Dose or Minimal Risk Level, is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a chronic daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The RfD can also be an estimate for acute or short-term exposures. It can be derived from a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL), or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used. Risk Assessment Advice MN DOH establishes Risk Assessment Advice (RAA) for water, which is technical guidance concerning exposures and risks to human health. RAA may be quantitative (e.g., a concentration of a chemical that is likely to pose little or no health risk to humans) or qualitative (e.g., a written description of how toxic a chemical is in comparison to a similar chemical). Generally, RAA contains greater uncertainty than Health Risk Levels because the available information is more limited. These can be chronic or acute. LD50 The lethal dose of a chemical for 50% of tested animals after a specified exposure duration. TD50 The dose of a chemical associated with 50% of animals developing tumors. LOAEL The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration, at which there are biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate control group. NOAEL The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration at which there are no biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of adverse effect between the exposed population and its appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered adverse or precursors of adverse effects. A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slideisiof419 ------- Health Data Parameters (slide 3 of 3) WHO Drinking Water Guideline Value Recommended drinking water standards built on over 50 years of guidance by WHO on drinking-water quality, which has formed an authoritative basis for the setting of national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public health. MAC Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) establish Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MACs) based on a comprehensive review of the known health effects associated with each contaminant, on exposure levels and on the availability of treatment and analytical technologies. MADL CalEPA establishes "maximum allowable daily levels" (MADLs) for reproductive toxicants representing the level at which the chemical would have no observable adverse reproductive effect assuming exposure 1,000 times that level. PHG CalEPA develops Public Health Goals (PHGs) defined as the level of a chemical contaminant in drinking water that does not pose a significant risk to health. PHGs are not regulatory standards. MRDD FDA Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDDs) for pharmaceuticals are not comparable to reference doses (RfDs) or lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents. HHC Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria (HHC) represent specific levels of chemicals or conditions in a water body that are not expected to cause adverse effects to human health. EPA calculates criteria for an exposure scenario, assuming the target population could be drinking contaminated water and consuming contaminated fish or could be consuming only contaminated fish. A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 182of419 ------- Sources of National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water NIRS In the mid-1980s, EPA implemented the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) to provide a statistically representative sample of the national occurrence of select inorganic and radionuclide contaminants in community water systems (CWSs) served by groundwater. The survey is stratified based on system size (population served by the system). Most of the NIRS data are from smaller systems (92% from systems serving 3,300 persons or fewer). The NIRS database includes findings for 42 radionuclides and inorganic compounds. NIRS provides contaminant occurrence data from 989 groundwater CWSs in 49 states (all except Hawaii) as well as Puerto Rico. Each of the 989 randomly selected CWSs was sampled once between 1984 and 1986. The NIRS data were collected in a randomly designed sample survey; therefore, the summary statistics are representative of national occurrence in groundwater CWSs. One limitation of the NIRS is a lack of occurrence data for surface water systems. UCMR 1, 2, 3, 4 Under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR), the EPA leads a nationally representative survey of public drinking water systems (PWSs) designed to provide a basis for future drinking water regulatory actions. UCMR 1 included monitoring for 26 contaminants between 2001 and 2003. UCMR 2 including monitoring for 25 contaminants between 2008 and 2010. UCMR 3 included monitoring for 28 chemical contaminants and 2 microbes between 2013 and 2015. UCMR 4 included monitoring for 30 chemical contaminants between 2018 and 2020. UCMR 4 data collection was still underway during the CCL 5 development. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 183 of 419 ------- Sources of National Occurrence Data-Ambient Water USGS NAWQA The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by state, tribal, local and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The goal of the NAWQA program is to assess the condition of the nation's ambient waters. The NAWQA program is designed to be statistically representative of water conditions in the nation. The NAWQA data are considered nationally representative. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 184 of 419 ------- Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Finished Drinking Water (slide 1 of 3) UCM-State Rounds 1 & 2 The Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) program was a drinking water monitoring effort that was a precursor to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) program established in the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Round 1 UCM data are from approximately 1988 to 1992 and were extracted from the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Information System (URCIS). The UCM Round 2 data are from 1993 to 1997 and were extracted from the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). USDA PDP - Finished The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply. As of 2001, sampling and testing are conducted on finished drinking water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents. Batt et al. 2016 This is an EPA Office of Research and Development publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and potential risks to aquatic life. The authors sampled 182 sites in rivers proximal to urban streams and measured the concentrations of 46 contaminants representing many classes of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Bradley et al. 2018 This article was published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the National Institute of Health (N1H), and the EPA's Office of Research and Development. The authors sampled tap water from 13 homes and 12 workplaces across 11 states. The samples were analyzed for 482 organic compounds and 19 inorganic compounds. EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 185 of 419 ------- Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water (slide 2 of 3) cwss The 2006 Community Water System Survey (CWSS) gathered data on the financial and operating characteristics of a random sample of community water systems (CWSs) nationwide. All systems serving more than 500,000 people (94 systems in 2006) were included in the survey, and systems in that size category were asked questions about concentrations of unregulated contaminants in their raw and finished water. Not all systems responded to the survey and, of the systems that responded, not all answered every question. EPA supplemented the dataset by gathering additional information about contaminant occurrence at the systems in this size category from publicly available sources [e.g., consumer confidence reports). Note that, because reported results are incomplete, they are only illustrative, not statistically representative, and used only as supplemental information. This data source was used as a supplemental data source for CCL 5. Furlong et al. 2017 This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and USGS publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and their concentrations in water samples collected from 25 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) between 2007 and 2012. This was a two-phase study and includes sampling results in source water and finished drinking water. Phase II of the study included more analytes and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. There were 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase 1 and 118 in Phase II. This study is part of a series of papers published using the dataset of source and treated water samples from 25 DWTPs. Glassmeyer et al. 2017 This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and United States Geological Survey (USGS) publication describing source water and drinking water concentrations of emerging contaminants. This was a two-phase study and sampling occurred between 2007 and 2012. Phase II of the study included more contaminants and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. In Phase 1, 87 compounds were monitored at nine treatment plants. In Phase II, 247 contaminants were monitored at 25 drinking water treatment plants. United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 186 of 419 ------- Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water (slide 3 of 3) Klarich et al. 2017 This study collected periodic tap water grab samples at the University of Iowa over seven weeks in 2016 (May-July) after maize/soy planting to understand the persistence of three neonicotinoids and their potential for transformation during water treatment and distribution. Padhye et al. 2013 This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess occurrence of PPCPs and EDCs in finished drinking water. State Drinking Water Monitoring Data For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for unregulated contaminants along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the dataset of unregulated contaminant monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data provide varying degrees of completeness in their coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analvsis at httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents- eoas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards. USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in 2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area. V> United States Office of Water Environmental Protection ^1 Agency slide 187 of 419 ------- Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Ambient Water (slide 1 of 3) NWIS The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by state, tribal, local and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the USGS National Water Information Services (NWIS) database. The NWIS relational database houses every piece of data that USGS collects, including information like gauge heights and compound concentration data. NWIS results are not expected to be statistically representative of the U.S. USDA PDP - Untreated and Ground Water The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply (USDA, 2018). As of 2001, sampling and testing are conducted on untreated water and ground water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents. Arnold et al. 2016 Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of water-quality indicators and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and radionuclides. Bexfield et al. 2019 This study assessed occurrence from 21 hormones and 103 pharmaceuticals in groundwater used as a drinking water source across the United States. Samples were taken from 1091 sites in Principal Aquifers representing 60% of the volume pumped for drinking-water supply. V> EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection i Agency slide iss of 419 ------- Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Ambient Water (slide 2 of 3) Bradley et al. 2017 This study, published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the EPA's Office of Research and Development, provides water data for 719 compounds sampled in 38 streams across the U.S. using 14 different methods. Study locations include a mixture of urban and agricultural watersheds. Padhye et al. 2013 This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess occurrence of PPCPs and EDCs in finished drinking water. SESQA In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) assessed stream quality across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States. The goal of the Southeast Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) was to characterize multiple water-quality factors that are stressors to aquatic life- contaminants, nutrients, sediment, and streamflow alterationand the relation of these stressors to ecological conditions in streams throughout the region. State Drinking Water Monitoring Data For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for unregulated contaminants in ambient water along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the dataset of unregulated contaminant monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data provide varying degrees of completeness in their coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analysis at httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents-eDas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards. V> EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection i Agency Slide 189 of 419 ------- Non-National Occurrence Data Assessments - Ambient Water (slide 3 of 3) SURF California's Department of Pesticide Regulation Surface Water (SURF) Database was developed in 1997 to make information concerning the presence of pesticides in California surface waters available to the public. The database includes pesticide monitoring results from rivers, creeks, agricultural drains, urban streams, and estuaries in California. The database houses monitoring results collected by federal, state, and local agencies, private industry, and environmental groups. This data source contains monitoring information for 334 pesticides and pesticide metabolites. USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 In the spring of 2002, the Eugene Water and Electric Board (Eugene, Oregon) initiated a pesticide monitoring program in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of their Drinking Water Source Protection Plan. Approximately twice yearly pesticide samples were collected from 2002 to 2010 at a suite of sampling sites representing varying land uses in the lower McKenzie River basin in Oregon. A total of 117 ambient samples were collected from 28 tributary and mainstem sites, including those dominated by forestry, urban, and agricultural activities, as well as the mouths of major tributaries characterized by a mixture of upstream land use. Constituents tested included 175 compounds in filtered water (72 herbicides, 43 insecticides, 10 fungicides, and 36 of their degradation products, as well as 14 pharmaceutical compounds). USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in 2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area. V> EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection i Agency slide 190 of 419 ------- Appendix B: Contaminants Under Consideration: Background, Health, and Occurrence Information United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 191 of 419 ------- Contaminant Information - Background CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CASRN) is a unique identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (a division of the American Chemical Society) to every chemical substance in the open scientific literature DTXSID Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers (DTXSID) is a unique substance identifier used in EPA's CompTox Chemicals database, where a substance can be any single chemical, mixture or polymer Contaminant Group/Use Chemical group (e.g., pesticide, metal, disinfection byproduct (DBP)), or contaminant use. PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status Contaminants status on the fifth Preliminary and/or Final Contaminant Candidate List Health and Occurrence Information Status Availability of an EPA health assessment as well as a finished and/or ambient drinking water occurrence data Persistence/Mobility/Fate/ Transport Measures to determine the longevity of contaminants and their potential migration in the environment and water systems Use/Production/Release Different ways that toxic chemicals are used, produced, and released into the air, water, and land PubMed Articles Count of research articles from a PubMed search for a contaminant (through December 2019) A United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 192of419 ------- Health Assessment Values The health values are calculated drinking water concentrations based on publicly- available information: 2018 Edition of Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories (DWSHA) Tables _ https://www.epa.gov/svstem/files/documents/2022-01/dwtable2018.pdf CCL 5 Technical Support Documents _ https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP) _ https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/human-health-benchmarks Other non-EPA sources (e.g., Health Canada) The health values are: Not federally enforceable Subject to change as health effects information becomes available Calculated using different assumptions (e.g., body weight, intake, population group) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 193 of 419 ------- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Background CASRN 79-34-5 DTXSID DTXSID7021318 Contaminant Group/Use Industrial solvent; former pesticide; in manufacture of paints, varnish, rust removers; in soil sterilization and weed killer, insecticide formulations; chemical intermediate PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 18.2 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"4 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.34 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 99.0 L/kg Water Solubility = 8.59xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 5,936 lbs Pub Med Article Count 53 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 194 of 419 ------- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment IRIS (2010) Critical Effect Hepatocellular carcinomas Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.2 (mg/kg/day)1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.148 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW (2008): o CCL-HRL = 0.348 |ig/L; CSF = 0.085 (mg/kg/day)1 o CCL-HRL = 63.3 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day o CCL-HRL = 63.4 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day IRIS (2010): CCL-HRL = 118 |ig/L; RfD = 0.02 mg/kg/day DWSHA (accessed 2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L) HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 195 of 419 ------- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CalEPA OEHHA (2003): o CCL-HRL = 0.197 |ig/L; CSF = 0.2 (mg/kg/day)1 o CCL-HRL = 6.51 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0011 mg/kg/day CDC ATSDR (2008): o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.5 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L) CalEPA OEHHA (2003): Public Health Goal = 0.0001 mg/L (0.1 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 35.4 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (2012): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) IRIS (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans) OW (2008): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 196 of 419 ------- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 91 of 20,407 (0.45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 200 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,800 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1-2 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 466 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,098 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 6,771 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.38 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 3,039 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 2.1 - 18 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 4 of 4,714 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.8 - 4.28 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,521 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 158 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 197 of 419 ------- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Background CASRN 96-18-4 DTXSID DTXSID9021390 Contaminant Group/Use Paint ingredient PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available National finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.47xl0"4 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.22 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.96xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 5,040 lbs Pub Med Article Count 50 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 198 of 419 ------- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment IRIS (2009) Critical Effect Forestomach neoplasms Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 30 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.00230 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: IRIS (2009): CCL-HRL = 23.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day OW (1989): CCL-HRL = 35.5 |ig/L; RfD = 0.006 mg/kg/day DWSHA (accessed 2018): 0 10-day Health Advisory = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L) Other: CalEPA OEHHA (2009): 0 CCL-HRL = 0.00118 |ig/L; CSF = 25 (mg/kg/day)1 0 CCL-HRL = 33.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 199 of 419 ------- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CalEPA OEHHA (2009): Public Health Goal = 0.0000007 mg/L (0.0007 |ig/L) Benchmark = 0.000005 mg/L (0.005 |ig/L) MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.000003 mg/L (0.003 |ig/L) o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L) o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (2021): Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day; Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 320 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 0.806 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: IRIS (2009): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans) WHO IARC (1995): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 200 of 419 ------- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence (slide 1 of 2) Best Available Occurrence Information UCMR 3 (2013-2015): Detected in 67 of 4,916 (1.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 1.02 ng/L Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 44 of 17,392 (0.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 112 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,088 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 3,000 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 69 of 502 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 29 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,204 (0%) sites CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site; Median and 90th percentile concentrations are 400 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 201 of 419 ------- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence (slide 2 of 2) Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd) Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,695 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 |ig/L- 2.92 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 3,640 (1.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 [xg/l - 1.16 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 373 of 4,640 (8.04%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 |ig/L - 270 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 1.9 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 14 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,690 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0322 |ig/L - 0.0348 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Detected in 1 of 112 (0.89%) sites; Concentration = 0.33 \xg/l Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 685 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 |ig/L - 0.526 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 202 of 419 ------- 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Background CASRN 95-63-6 DTXSID DTXSID6021402 Contaminant Group/Use Chemical intermediate; vermifuge PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and finished ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.98 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.17xl0"3 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.67 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.13xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 7.61xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 6,705,334 lbs Pub Med Article Count 61 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 203 of 419 ------- 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment IRIS (2016) Critical Effect Decreased pain sensitivity Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.01 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L Additional Health Information Other: MN DOH (2023): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L) CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.33 mg/L (330 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3280 mg/kg Cancer Classification: IRIS (2016): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential) PPRTV (2007): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) OW (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 204 of 419 ------- 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 106 of 12,755 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 77 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 174 of 22,965 (0.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 137 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 405 (1.23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.039 - 22.3 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 11 of 884 (1.24%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 2.4 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,188 (0.08%) sites; Concentration = 1.4 \xg/l Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 695 of 7,705 (9.02%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 260 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 217 of 3,703 (5.86%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 180 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 4,250 (0.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.034 - 3.5 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 130 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.6 - 0.8 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,665 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 18 of 685 (2.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.012 - 0.274 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 205 of 419 ------- 1,3-Dichloropropene: Background CASRN 542-75-6 DTXSID DTXSID1022057 Contaminant Group/Use Pesticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.37 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"3 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.11 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 52.2 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 7,907 lbs USGS (2016): 59,344,846 lbs Pub Med Article Count 185 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 206 of 419 ------- 1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2008) Critical Effect Forestomach, liver, adrenal, and thyroid tumors found in male rats Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.122 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.243 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2008): CCL-HRL= 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day DWHSA (2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.00027 (0.27 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 207 of 419 ------- 1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDC ATSDR (2008): o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.04 mg/kg/day CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): o Public Health Goal = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L) o CSF = 0.091 (mg/kg/day)1 WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) MN DOH (accessed 2018): Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 94 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 33.2 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2008): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans) WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 208 of 419 ------- 1,3-Dichloropropene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCMR 1 Small Systems (2001-2003): Not detected in 796 (0%) sites UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 15 of 9,164 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-2 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 58 of 16,787 (0.35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2 - 39 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 464 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 879 (0.11%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 \xg/l Ambient Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 4,667 (0.11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.52 - 10 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 129 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 94 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 209 of 419 ------- 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP): Background CASRN 93-65-2 DTXSID DTXSID9024194 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.66xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.97 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 57.9 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.72xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 254 lbs USGS (2016): 2,823 lbs Pub Med Article Count 120 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 210 of 419 ------- 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP): Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2019) Critical Effect Increased kidney weights and chronic nephropathy Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.04 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.7 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 9.00 mg/kg/day Other: WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 369 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2019): S (Suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 211 of 419 ------- 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP): Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 12 (50%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.19 |ig/L Ambient Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 27 of 229 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.16 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 107 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 212 of 419 ------- 2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA): Background CASRN 94-74-6 DTXSID DTXSID4024195 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.08xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.70 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 77.9 L/kg Water Solubility = 5.28xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 474 lbs USGS (2016): 4,113,376 lbs PubMed Article Count 419 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 213 of 419 ------- 2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA): Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Nephrotoxicity Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.044 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 260 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.210 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.02 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 214 of 419 ------- 2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA): Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 439 mg/kg CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.35 mg/L (350 |ig/L) Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 215 of 419 ------- 2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA): Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 17 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.24 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 142 of 7,656 (1.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 18.6 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 41 of 1,411 (2.91%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 1.69 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 13 of 229 (5.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.86 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 61 (1.64%) sites; Concentration = 13 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0217 - 0.1057 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 101 of 702 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.052 - 13.59 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 216 of 419 ------- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB): Background CASRN 94-82-6 DTXSID DTXSID7024035 Contaminant Group/Use Disinfection Byproduct PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.48xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.50 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.14xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 1,445,891 lbs Pub Med Article Count 32 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 217 of 419 ------- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB): Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Increased early resorptions; decreased body weight, increased kidney weight, increased incidence of tubular degeneration in females Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.15 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 847 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.15 mg/L (150 |ig/L); Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.89 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 4.2 mg/L (4,200 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 4.96 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 218 of 419 ------- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB): Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 400 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 219 of 419 ------- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.023 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 760 (0.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.13 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 229 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 620 (0.16%) sites; Concentration = 6.2 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0281 - 0.1255 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 4 of 212 (1.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.22 - 1.08 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 14 of 125 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.1 \xg/l EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 220 of 419 ------- 4-tert-Octylphenol: Background CASRN 140-66-9 DTXSID DTXSID9022360 Contaminant Group/Use Used in nonionic surfactants, plasticizers, antioxidants, fuel oil stabilizer, intermediate for resins, fungicides, bactericides, dyestuffs, adhesives, rubber chemicals PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status No EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.07 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.94xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.94 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.45xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.58xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 50,000,000 - <100,000,000 lbs PubMed Article Count 204 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 221 of 419 ------- 4-tert-Octylphenol: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment NA Critical Effect NA Target Population NA Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent NA Health Value NA Additional Health Information Other: MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 67.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.051 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 222 of 419 ------- 4-te rt-Octy I phenol: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 567 (6.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.59 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 90 of 1,406 (6.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 42.6 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0204 - 0.355 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2011-2017): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 223 of 419 ------- 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: Background CASRN 3397-62-4 DTXSID DTXSID1037806 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 8.32 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.12xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -4.82xl0"2 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.5 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.55xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 7 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 224 of 419 ------- 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge in females ages 13-49 (estrous cycle disruption) Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0676 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0018 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose = 0.01 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.700 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.60 mg/kg/day Other: CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) = 100 |ig/day United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 225 of 419 ------- 6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.05 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 656 of 3,405 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.68 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 325 of 1,085 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 2.45 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 76 of 227 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.015 - 2.9 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 86 of 584 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.3 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 0.17 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 226 of 419 ------- Acephate: Background CASRN 30560-19-1 DTXSID DTXSID8023846 Contaminant Group Insecticide Contaminant Group/Use CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available National ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.783 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.79 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.11 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 74,970 lbs TRI (2016): 27,210 lbs USGS (2016): 4,373,575 lbs PubMed Article Count 160 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 227 of 419 ------- Acephate: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase in male pups on postnatal day 11 Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0003 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.397 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.250 mg/kg/day; subchronic LOAEL = 0.120 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 233 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 228 of 419 ------- Acephate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 135 of 1760 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 - 10.4 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 835 (4.19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00082 - 10.4 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 34 of 118 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.132 - 13.5 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 229 of 419 ------- Ametryn: Background CASRN 834-12-8 DTXSID DTXSID1023869 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.11 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 310 L/kg Water Solubility = 7.51xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 33,682 lbs USGS (2016): 188,062 lbs Pub Med Article Count 68 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 230 of 419 ------- Ametryn: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2017) Critical Effect Degenerative and inflammatory liver effects Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.072 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 426 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 9 mg/L (9,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.9 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 7.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 36.1 mg/kg/day Other: HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 508 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2017): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 231 of 419 ------- Ametryn: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA: Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 141 of 2,091 (6.74%) sites; Concentration range = lxlO 4 |ig/L- 1.05 \xg/l USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 43 of 1,003 (4.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00092 |ig/L-0.266 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 17 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 71 (0%) sites United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 232 of 419 ------- Bensulide: Background CASRN 741-58-2 DTXSID DTXSID9032329 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 200 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.17 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.45xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 710,457 lbs Pub Med Article Count 4 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 233 of 419 ------- Bensulide: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase in pups Target Population Bottle-fed infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.006 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 7.95 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 270 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2016): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 234 of 419 ------- Bensulide: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Ambient Water SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 320 of 544 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 |ig/L - 142 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 235 of 419 ------- Bentazon: Background CASRN 25057-89-0 DTXSID DTXSID0023901 Contaminant Group/Use Former herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.57xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.21 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 81.1 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.02xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 2,631,678 lbs Pub Med Article Count 118 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 236 of 419 ------- Bentazon: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2014) Critical Effect Decreased pup body weight during lactation Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.15 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 199 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.20 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 13.1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 243.3 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 237 of 419 ------- Bentazon: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L) o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L) CalEPA OEHHA (2009): Public Health Goal = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 383.2 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2014): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 238 of 419 ------- Bentazon: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 17 (47%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L - 0.1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 211 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 470 of 7,741 (6.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 |ig/L - 19 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 135 of 1,535 (8.79%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00117 |ig/L- 13.2 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 79 of 229 (34%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L- 1.31 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 2,231 (0.13%) sites; Concentration range = 4.6 |ig/L - 9.2 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 13 of 690 (1.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 |ig/L - 0.398 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0116 |ig/L - 0.088 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 4 of 126 (3.2%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.03 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 239 of 419 ------- Bifenthrin: Background CASRN 82657-04-3 DTXSID DTXSID9020160 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 7.14 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.29xl05 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.76xl0"8 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 16,519 lbs USGS (2016): 1,403,807 lbs PubMed Article Count 246 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 240 of 419 ------- Bifenthrin: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2012) Critical Effect Reduced locomotor activity Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.010 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 13.2 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): Acute Benchmark = 0.21 mg/L (210 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.031 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 54.5 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2012): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 241 of 419 ------- Bifenthrin: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0053 - 0.036 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,994 (1.05%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~5 - 0.129 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 966 (2.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00148 - 0.35 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 201 (0.5%) sites; Concentration = 0.008 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 584 (0.17%) sites; Concentration = lxlO 4 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0218 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 970 of 4,917 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00062 - 5.633527 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 242 of 419 ------- Boron: Background CASRN 7440-42-8 DTXSID DTXSID3023922 Contaminant Group/Use Former pesticide; oxygen scavenger; catalyst; in composite structural materials PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available National finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = NA Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = NA Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.230 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = NA Water Solubility = 4.04 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 64,606 lbs PubMed Article Count 3,232 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 243 of 419 ------- Boron: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OW HA (2008) Critical Effect Decreased fetal body weights Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.17 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 960 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: IRIS (2004): CCL-HRL = 1,130 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 244 of 419 ------- Boron: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDWG: o (1990): CCL-HRL = 207 |ig/L; RfD = 0.035 mg/kg/day o (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L); (Proposed MAC = 2mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)) o Health Based Value = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) WHO (2009): o CCL-HRL = 960 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.17 mg/kg/day o Drinking water Guideline Value = 2.4 mg/L (2,400 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (2010): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) Cancer Classification: IRIS (2004): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 245 of 419 ------- Boron: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NIRS (1984-1986): Detected in 810 of 989 (82%) sites; Concentration range = 5 3,950 |J.g/L Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 192 of 273 (70%) sites; Concentration range = 0.076 - 9,000 |ig/L CWSS (2006): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites; Median concentration = 140 |ig/L, 90th percentile concentration = 200 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 6,014 of 6,327 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 8,470 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 9,526 of 10,148 (94%) sites; Concentration range = 1 - 564,000 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1,184 of 1,929 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0151 - 235,000 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 738 of 757 (97%) sites; Concentration range = 3 - 4080 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 246 of 419 ------- Bromacil: Background CASRN 314-40-9 DTXSID DTXSID4022020 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.35xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.95 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 39.8 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.63xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 253,973 lbs PubMed Article Count 47 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 247 of 419 ------- Bromacil: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Decreases in mean absolute body weight and decreased food efficiency Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0196 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 116 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.64 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.82 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 641 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 248 of 419 ------- Bromacil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 15 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.069 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 174 (0%) sites Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 482 of 7,914 (6.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00043 - 21.7 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 53 of 227 (23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 21.8 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2,117 (0.05%) sites; Concentration = 1.5 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 32 of 690 (4.64%) sites; Concentration range = 4xl0~4 - 7.76 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.1 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 100 of 2,953 (3.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 68 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 249 of 419 ------- Bromoxynil: Background CASRN 1689-84-5 DTXSID DTXSID3022162 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.38x10s L/kg Water Solubility = 3.96xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 31 lbs USGS (2016): 2,957,908 lbs PubMed Article Count 73 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 250 of 419 ------- Bromoxynil: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Hepatocellular tumors Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.103 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.287 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 88.8 |ig/L; RfD = 0.015 mg/kg/day OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.089 mg/L (89 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.015 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.08 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.300 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 251 of 419 ------- Bromoxynil: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 63 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 252 of 419 ------- Bromoxynil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 7,736 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 6.1 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 10 of 1,535 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0056 - 0.269 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 8 (12%) sites; Concentration = 0.065 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0128 - 0.1185 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 253 of 419 ------- Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Background CASRN 85-68-7 DTXSID DTXSID3020205 Contaminant Group/Use Chemical intermediate; plasticizer PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.88xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.83 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.91x10s L/kg Water Solubility = 1.30xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs PubMed Article Count 179 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 254 of 419 ------- Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment PPRTV (2002) Critical Effect Increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in male F334 rats Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.0019 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 15.6 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day IRIS (1989): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; Chronic RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0001 (0.10 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 255 of 419 ------- Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 1,200 |ig/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 347 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: PPRTV (2002): C (Possible human carcinogen) WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans) OW (1991): C (Possible human carcinogen) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 256 of 419 ------- Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 21 (4.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 0.077 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 484 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 22 (9.09%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 32 of 487 (6.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2-5 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 221 (0.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 8.5 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 638 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 4.7 - 5.7 \xg/l EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 257 of 419 ------- Carbamazepine: Background CASRN 298-46-4 DTXSID DTXSID4022731 Contaminant Group/Use Analgesic; anticonvulsant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 6.61 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.24xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.41 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 550 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.30xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 10,111 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 258 of 419 ------- Carbamazepine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OW (FDA/NIH (2018)) Critical Effect Lowest therapeutic dose: anticonvulsant/ seizure therapy Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0008 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-SL = 5.60 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 20.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0008 mg/kg/day (General Population) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): 0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) 0 Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) 0 Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) 0 Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) FDA (2008): MRDD = 26.7 mg/kg/day EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 259 of 419 ------- Carbamazepine: Occurrence (slide 1 of 2) Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005503 |ig/L - 0.0007611 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 2 of 25 (8%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0265 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 |ig/L - 2.5xl0~5 ฑ 8.8xl0~6 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 260 of 419 ------- Carbamazepine: Occurrence (slide 2 of 2) Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd) Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 62 of 626 (9.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 0.468 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 304 of 1,441 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 74 of 182 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.2493 |ig/L Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 18 of 1,106 (1.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029133 -0.1620862 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0008717 - 0.3827473 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 7 of 25 (28%) sites; Maximum concentration 0.0357 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5x107 ฑ 1x107 - 4.1xl0~6 ฑ 1.2xl0~6 \xg/l USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.014 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 261 of 419 ------- Carbaryl: Background CASRN 63-25-2 DTXSID DTXSID9020247 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide; Veterinary Medication PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.38xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.39 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 194 L/kg Water Solubility = 8.18xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 872 lbs USGS (2016): 1,981,350 lbs Pub Med Article Count 1,135 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 262 of 419 ------- Carbaryl: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2017) Critical Effect Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose 0.01 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 13.2 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2017): CCL-HRL = 33.8 |ig/L; CSF = 0.000875 (mg/kg/day)1 DWSHA (2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L) Other: CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L) HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 128 mg/kg ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2017): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans) WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 263 of 419 ------- Carbaryl: Occurrence (slide 1 of 2) Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 4 of 12,623 sites (0.03%); Concentration range = 0.68 - 3 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.3 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 171 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 264 of 419 ------- Carbaryl: Occurrence (slide 2 of 2) Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd) Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 820 of 11,274 (7.27%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.00038 - 23.5 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 387 of 5,221 sites (7.41%); Concentration range = 0.00037 - 3.13 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 229 sites (3.06%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.33 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,747 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.75 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 6 of 796 sites (0.75%); Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0033 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 11 of 38 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.257 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 332 of 9,207 sites (3.61%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 13 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 35 of 133 (26%) samples; Maximum concentration = 1.3 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 265 of 419 ------- Carbendazim: Background CASRN 10605-21-7 DTXSID DTXSID4024729 Contaminant Group/Use Fungicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.55 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.67xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 519 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 266 of 419 ------- Carbendazim: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2014) Critical Effect Hepatocellular adenoma and/or carcinoma Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor 0.00239 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 12.4 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2014): CCL-HRL = 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day OPP(HHBP) (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.83 mg/L (830 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.14 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.93 mg/L (930 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.014 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 7.19 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 16.5 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 267 of 419 ------- Carbendazim: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg Cancer classification: OPP (2014): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 268 of 419 ------- Carbendazim: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 7 sites (14%); Concentration = 0.003 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 212 of 1,757 sites (12%); Concentration range = 0.00014 - 1.79 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 115 sites (3.48%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.121 |ig/L Arnold et al. (2016): Detected in 5 of 584 (0.86%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.0013 - 0.157 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 33 of 122 sites (27%); Concentration range = 0.0043 -0.1559 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 269 of 419 ------- Carbon disulfide: Background CASRN 75-15-0 DTXSID DTXSID6023947 Contaminant Group/Use Former insecticide/fumigant; rubber additive; industrial solvent; chemical intermediate PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 17.8 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"2 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 133 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 76,858,325 lbs PubMed Article Count 1,770 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 270 of 419 ------- Carbon disulfide: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment IRIS (1987) Critical Effect Fetal toxicity and fetal malformations Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.1 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 565 [ig/l Additional Health Information Other: CDC ATSDR (1996): o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.7 mg/L (700 |ig/L) CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.16 mg/L (160 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,125 mg/kg United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 271 of 419 ------- Carbon disulfide: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 127 (6.3%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 8.72 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 9 of 26 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01649 - 0.2946 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 723 of 6,049 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 34 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 183 of 3,385 (5.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 12.4 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 20 of 799 (2.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.51 - 240 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 120 of 685 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 4.2 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01248 - 0.2378 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 272 of 419 ------- Chlorothalonil: Background CASRN 1897-45-6 DTXSID DTXSID0020319 Contaminant Group/Use Fungicide; bacteriocide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.16 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.65xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.10xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 1,036,631 lbs USGS (2016): 11,506,189 lbs PubMed Article Count 251 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 273 of 419 ------- Chlorothalonil: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2010) Critical Effect Renal epithelial hyperplasia in the proximal convoluted tubules of females Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.02 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 118 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.80 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.900 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 2.30 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 274 of 419 ------- Chlorothalonil: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.017 (mg/kg/day)1 MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 242 mg/kg CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 1,180 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans) WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 275 of 419 ------- Chlorothalonil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 12 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 69 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 5,787 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 3.33 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 22 of 207 (11%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4 - 0.158 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 3.2 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 739 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.018 - 0.036 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0033 - 0.0065 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 565 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0067 - 0.187 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 276 of 419 ------- Clothianidin: Background CASRN 210880-92-5 DTXSID DTXSID2034465 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.290 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 17.1 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.06xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 163,492 lbs Pub Med Article Count 121 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 277 of 419 ------- Clothianidin: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2019) Critical Effect Decreased body weight gain, delayed sexual maturation, decreased thymus weights in first filial generation pups, increased stillbirths in F1 and F2 Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.098 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 130 [ig/l Additional Health Information bPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.58 mg/L (580 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.098 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 1.7 mg/L (1,700 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.25 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 21.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 40.90000153 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 278 of 419 ------- Clothianidin: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 389 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2019): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 279 of 419 ------- Clothianidin: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 sites (30%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.018 |ig/L Klarich et al. (2016): Detected in 16 of 20 sites (80%); Concentration range = 0.00389 - 0.03346 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1 of 5 sites (20%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 0.0019 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 59 of 143 sites (41%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4- 1.34 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 227 sites (1.32%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.045 |ig/L Bradley at al. (2012-2014): Detected in 9 of 38 sites (24%); Concentration range = 0.0026 - 0.0663 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 279 sites (1.79%); Concentration range = 0.0311 - 0.0675 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 280 of 419 ------- Cycloate: Background CASRN 1134-23-2 DTXSID DTXSID6032356 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide for annual grasses, nutgrass, many broadleafweeds in sugar beets, table beets, spinach PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.69 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.70xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.82 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 377 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.33xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 10 lbs USGS (2016): 48,166 lbs Pub Med Article Count 9 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 281 of 419 ------- Cycloate: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Spinal nerve axonal atrophy and femoral nerve alteration in females Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0005 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 2.96 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.44 mg/L (440 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.066 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day Other: HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,275 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 282 of 419 ------- Cycloate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 2,751 sites (0.15%); Concentration range = 0.009 - 0.48 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 984 sites (0.2%); Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.128 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 121 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 16 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013) Not detected in 106 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0287 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 180 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0136 - 0.601 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 283 of 419 ------- Deisopropylatrazine: Background CASRN 1007-28-9 DTXSID DTXSID0037495 Contaminant Group/Use Degradation product of atrazine PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 List Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.OOxlO"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.23 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 51.3 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.52xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 12 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 284 of 419 ------- Deisopropylatrazine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption) Target Population Woman of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.076 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 18.0 mg/kg/day Other: CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 285 of 419 ------- Deisopropylatrazine: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 0.469 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 802 of 4,489 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 4.44 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 374 of 2,038 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 2.66 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 68 of 229 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 1.03 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 61 of 690 (8.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.489 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 286 of 419 ------- Desethylatrazine: Background CASRN 6190-65-4 DTXSID DTXSID5037494 Contaminant Group/Use Degradation product of atrazine PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 List Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.58 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 97.7 L/kg Water Solubility = 8.77xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 15 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 287 of 419 ------- Desethylatrazine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption) Target Population Woman of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.076 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.30 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 35.1 mg/kg/day Other: CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 288 of 419 ------- Desethylatrazine: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00072 - 0.928 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.032 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4,408 of 11,386 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00068 - 6.08 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 1,628 of 4,228 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00075 - 3.63 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 155 of 229 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000716 - 1.55 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 115 of 690 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.802 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 26 of 38 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0047 - 0.851 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 21 of 134 (16%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.013 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.114 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 289 of 419 ------- Diazepam: Background CASRN 439-14-5 DTXSID DTXSID4020406 Contaminant Group/Use Anxiolytic; skeletal muscle relaxant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.86 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 776 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.59xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 25,902 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 290 of 419 ------- Diazepam: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OW (FDA/NIH (2018)) Critical Effect Lowest therapeutic dose: anxiolytic, sedative, muscle-relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnestic effects Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-SL = 0.110 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 0.390 |ig/L; RfD = 1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day (General Population) Other: FDA (2008): MRDD = 0.667 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 48 mg/kg Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 291 of 419 ------- Diazepam: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.00085 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 556 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00047 - 0.00115 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 611 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.18 |ig/L Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Not detected in 1,106 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001681 - 0.0047434 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 292 of 419 ------- Dicamba: Background CASRN 1918-00-9 DTXSID DTXSID4024018 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.47 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 29.4 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.04xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 103,389 lbs USGS (2016): 9,773,162 lbs Pub Med Article Count 148 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 293 of 419 ------- Dicamba: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Decreased pup weight Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.04 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 53.0 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): 0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 122 mg/kg/day Other: CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.11 mg/L (110 |ig/L) MN DOH (accessed 2018): 0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 757 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 294 of 419 ------- Dicamba: Occurrence (slide 1 of 2) Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 48 of 14,034 (0.34%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 4.06 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 12 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.094 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 185 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 819 (0.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.7 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 782 (0%) sites CWSS (2006): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 295 of 419 ------- Dicamba: Occurrence (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991 - 2017): Detected in 133 of 7,759 (1.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 9.97 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008 - 2017): Detected 26 of 1,539 (1.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 16.6 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 229 (2.62%) sites; Concentration range= 0.0165 -0.112 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 1,936 (0.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.21 - 3 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.44 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 968 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 117 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.474 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.1453 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 286 of 1,058 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 14 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.58 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 296 of 419 ------- Dichlorvos (DDVP): Background CASRN 62-73-7 DTXSID DTXSID5020449 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide; veterinary medicine PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.07xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.00 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 56.3 L/kg Water Solubility = 0.117 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 1,106 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 297 of 419 ------- Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP HHBP (2020) Critical Effect Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.00006 mg/kg/day Health Value 0.3 |ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2006): CCL-HRL = 2.96 |ig/L; 0.0005 mg/kg/day OPP HHBP (2021): o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.100 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 298 of 419 ------- Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDC ATSDR (accessed 2018): o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.0005 mg/kg/day o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.003 mg/kg/day o Acute Minimum Risk Level = 0.004 mg/kg/day CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.29 (mg/kg/day)1 CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 3.21 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 6.51 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential) WHO IARC (1990) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 299 of 419 ------- Dichlorvos (DDVP): Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.027 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 4,978 (1.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 0.402 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 3,859 (1.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0062 - 2.24 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 120 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range= 0.027 - 0.0595 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 30 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 20 of 9,029 (0.22%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 0.634 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 300 of 419 ------- Dicrotophos: Background CASRN 141-66-2 DTXSID DTXSID9023914 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.01xl0"n atm-m3/nnol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.424 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 27.6 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.45 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 1,067,130 lbs PubMed Article Count 28 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 301 of 419 ------- Dicrotophos: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Inhibition of brain cholinesterase in adult rat Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.00003 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.0397 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00003 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.005 mg/L (0.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00007 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day Other: HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 9 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 302 of 419 ------- Dicrotophos: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.0034 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 33 of 4,916 (0.67%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~4 - 6.83 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 145 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 -0.0015 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 303 of 419 ------- Diethyl phthalate: Background CASRN 84-66-2 DTXSID DTXSID7021780 Contaminant Group/Use Solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, plasticizer, wetting agent; in plastics, perfumery as fixative and solvent, alcohol denaturant, plasticizer in solid rocket propellants. PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.13 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.63 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 102 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.53xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs Pub Med Article Count 219 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 304 of 419 ------- Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OW (1992) Critical Effect Decreased weight gain and kidney weight Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.75 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 4,440 |J.g/L Additional Health Information EPA: IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 4,730 |ig/L; RfD = 0.8 mg/kg/day HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 56.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 197 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 305 of 419 ------- Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (1995): o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 6 mg/kg/day o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 7 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OW (1992): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) IRIS (1988): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 306 of 419 ------- Diethyl phthalate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 6.2 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 483 (0.21%) sites; Concentration = 4.9 \xg/l USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 46 (6.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 189 of 1,236 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.06 - 60.4 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 113 (1.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 13.6 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 638 (0.31%) sites; Concentration range = 0.421 - 1.1 \xg/l Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.128 - 0.142 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 307 of 419 ------- Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA): Background CASRN 380412-59-9 DTXSID DTXSID4037530 Contaminant Group/Use Pesticide metabolite PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status No EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.43 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 33.1 L/kg Water Solubility = l.llxlO"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count NA United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 308 of 419 ------- Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA): Health Effects EPA Health Assessment NA Critical Effect NA Target Population NA Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent NA Health Value NA Additional Health Information Other: MN DOH (2013): CCL-SL = 355 |ig/L; RfD = 0.06 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L) o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L) o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 309 of 419 ------- Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA) Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 12 (42%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00105 - 0.03 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 73 of 2,539 (2.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0126 - 0.596 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 25 of 229 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001049 - 0.061 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration = 0.02 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 310 of 419 ------- Di-n-butyl phthalate: Background CASRN 84-74-2 DTXSID DTXSID2021781 Contaminant Group/Use Plasticizer in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polish and solid rocket propellants; in perfumes; in textiles; in safety glass; insecticides; in printing inks; resin solvent; paper coatings; and adhesives PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.37 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.82xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.68 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.65xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.45xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 248,348 lbs PubMed Article Count 831 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 311 of 419 ------- Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) Health Assessment CDC ATSDR (2001) Critical Effect Absence of increased mortality and hematological effects Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.5 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 2,820 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 312 of 419 ------- Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 4,840 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) IRIS (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 313 of 419 ------- Di-n-butyl phthalate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.137 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 483 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.637 - 26.4 \xg/l Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 22 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3-2 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008 -2017): Detected in 71 of 514 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.04 - 5 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 7 of 247 (2.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 8.1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1 - 1.1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 8 of 638 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.477 - 6 \xg/l EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 314 of 419 ------- Esfenvalerate: Background CASRN 66230-04-4 DTXSID DTXSID4032667 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide; medication PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.32xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 6.48 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.07xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.05xl0"8 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 157,875 lbs Pub Med Article Count 483 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 315 of 419 ------- Esfenvalerate: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2017) Critical Effect Reduced locomotor activity Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0037 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 4.90 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP(HHBP) (2021): o Acute Benchmark = 0.073 mg/L (73 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.011 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 88 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2017): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 316 of 419 ------- Esfenvalerate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 2,965 (0%) sites USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Not detected in 143 (0%) sites USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 119 (0%) sites SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 152 of 4,983 (3.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000335 -3.48 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 317 of 419 ------- Fipronil: Background CASRN 120068-37-3 DTXSID DTXSID4034609 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide, seed treatment/protectant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 5.23x10s L/kg Water Solubility = 1.86xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 7,124 lbs PubMed Article Count 590 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 318 of 419 ------- Fipronil: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2011) Critical Effect Increased incidence of seizures and death, alterations in clinical chemistry (protein), increased thyroid stimulating hormone, decreased thyroxine (T4) Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0002 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 1.13 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0002 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.025 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.90xl0~2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 0.320 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protectior ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 319 of 419 ------- Fipronil: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 91 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2011): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 320 of 419 ------- Fipronil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 402 of 5,307 (7.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00014 - 6.41 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 367 of 4,062 (9.03%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00022 - 0.181 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 15 of 121 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00058 - 0.013 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.003 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 17 of 38 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0066 - 0.153 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 513 of 1,135 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00031 - 2.11 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 5 of 119 (4.2%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.041 \xg/l USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 321 of 419 ------- Flufenacet: Background CASRN 142459-58-3 DTXSID DTXSID2032552 Contaminant Group/Use Preemergent herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.13xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.15 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.52xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 7.25xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 115,383 lbs Pub Med Article Count 13 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 322 of 419 ------- Flufenacet: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Decreased pup body weight, delayed eye opening, delayed preputial separation, decreased caudate putamen size Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0017 (mg/kg/day) Health Value CCL-HRL = 2.25 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.010 mg/L (10 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.29 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.20 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.70 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 6 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 371 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be a human carcinogen) United States Environmental Protectior ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 323 of 419 ------- Flufenacet: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 4 (25%) sites; Concentration = 0.075 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 15 of 973 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.44 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 455 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.08 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 324 of 419 ------- Fluometuron: Background CASRN 2164-17-2 DTXSID DTXSID8020628 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.37 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 117 L/kg Water Solubility = 7.00xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 1,023,468 lbs Pub Med Article Count 34 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 325 of 419 ------- Fluometuron: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Combined adenomas/carcinomas in the lung of males and malignant lymphocytic lymphomas in females Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.018 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 1.64 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2016): CCL-HRL = 29.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 326 of 419 ------- Fluometuron: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 810 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 55.4 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 327 of 419 ------- Fluometuron: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 15 (40%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001998 - 0.042 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 242 of 7,813 (3.1%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 31.5 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,744 (2.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00424 - 2.71 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; 0.001998 - 0.229 [xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 24 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 7 of 690 (1.01%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003 - 0.0514 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.0175 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 1 of 393 (0.25%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L USGS McKenzie River, Oregon 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 2 of 126 (1.6%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.02 \xg/l EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 328 of 419 ------- Fluoranthene: Background CASRN 206-44-0 DTXSID DTXSID3024104 Contaminant Group/Use Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; occurs as a result of incomplete burning PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 148 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.10 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.66xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.78xl0"7 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 775,055 lbs Pub Med Article Count 398 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 329 of 419 ------- Fluoranthene: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment IRIS (1990) Critical Effect Nephropathy, increased liver weights, hematological alterations, and clinical effects Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.04 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: PPRTV (2012): Subchronic RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 330 of 419 ------- Fluoranthene: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: WHO (2003): CCL-HRL = 74.0 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.0125 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (1995): o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.4 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg Cancer Classification: PPRTV (2012): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential) WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 331 of 419 ------- Fluoranthene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 20 (5%) sites; Concentration = 0.002 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 42 of 589 (7.13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.15 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 345 of 1,961 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 25.6 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 90 (1.11%) sites; Concentration = 0.034 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0045 - 0.0564 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 332 of 419 ------- Fluoxetine: Background CASRN 54910-89-3 DTXSID DTXSID7023067 Contaminant Group/Use Antidepressant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.25 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.27xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 8,127 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 333 of 419 ------- Fluoxetine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OW (FDA/NIH (2018)) Critical Effect Lowest therapeutic dose: treatment of major depressive disorder/bulimia; nervosa/obsessive compulsive disorder/Panic disorder Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.00008 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-SL = 0.560 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 2.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.00008 mg/kg/day (General Population) Other: FDA (2018): MRDD = 1.33 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 334 of 419 ------- Fluoxetine: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.92xl0~5 ฑ 7xl0~7 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 557 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00585 - 0.0171 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 607 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.169 |ig/L Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 10 of 182 (5.49%) sites; Concentration range = 9xl0~4 - 0.0248 |ig/L Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 1 of 1,106 (0.09%) sites; Concentration = 0.0170815 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065174 - 0.0246002 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 9 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.00053 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 3 of 8 (38%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 9xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 335 of 419 ------- Gemfibrozil: Background CASRN 25812-30-0 DTXSID DTXSID0020652 Contaminant Group/Use Antihyperlipoproteinemic PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.75xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.44 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 1,287 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 336 of 419 ------- Gemfibrozil: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OW (FDA/NIH (2018)) Critical Effect Lowest therapeutic dose: lipid regulation (decreases very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol) Target Population Bottle-Fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.005 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-SL = 33.0 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 120 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day (General Population) Other: FDA (2018): MRDD = 20 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 316 mg/kg Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Slide 337 of 419 ------- Gemfibrozil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Ambient Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 27 of 182 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0051 - 0.1125 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 338 of 419 ------- Hexazinone: Background CASRN 51235-04-2 DTXSID DTXSID4024145 Contaminant Group/Use Post emergence contact herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.07xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 41.7 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.63xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 1,574 lbs USGS (2016): 483,326 lbs Pub Med Article Count 56 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 339 of 419 ------- Hexazinone: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Decreased body weight, hepatoxicity (clinical chemical changes and microscopic lesions) Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.05 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 296 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 31.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 123 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 860 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 340 of 419 ------- Hexazinone: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.087 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065 - 0.0087 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 375 of 4,886 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4- 1.23 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 218 (6.42%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.021 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Arnold et al. 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 39 of 690 (5.65%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0929 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029 - 0.0466 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 347 o2f 1,615 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0036 - 35 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 19 of 71 (27%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.097 \xg/l USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2002-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 341 of 419 ------- Iprodione: Background CASRN 36734-19-7 DTXSID DTXSID3024154 Contaminant Group/Use Fungicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.99 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 510 L/kg Water Solubility = 5.85xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 376,298 lbs Pub Med Article Count 100 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 342 of 419 ------- Iprodione: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2012) Critical Effect Leydig cell tumor Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.0439 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.674 |ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2012): CCL-HRL = 296 |ig/L; RfD = 0.05 mg/kg/day OPP HHBP (2021): 0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.36 mg/L (360 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.061 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 12.4 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 60.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 151 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3,500 mg/kg Cancer Classification OPP (2012): = L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 343 of 419 ------- Iprodione: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 11 (0%) sites Bradley et. al 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0174 - 0.0174 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 46 of 3,669 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 141 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 33 of 2,582 (1.28%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 1.24 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0246 - 0.0855 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 344 of 419 ------- Isophorone: Background CASRN 78-59-1 DTXSID DTXSID8020759 Contaminant Group/Use Solvent mixtures for finishes, for polyvinyl and nitrocellulose resins, stoving lacquers PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.72 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"5 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.10 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 70.1 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.91xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs PubMed Article Count 35 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 345 of 419 ------- Isophorone: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (1999) Critical Effect Preputial gland carcinoma Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.000608 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 48.7 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OW (1992): o CCL-HRL = 7.40 |ig/L; CSF = 0.004 (mg/kg/day)-1 o CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day OPP (1999): CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.15 mg/kg/day IRIS (1992): o CCL-HRL = 31.1 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00095 (mg/kg/day)1 o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 346 of 419 ------- Isophorone: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 15 mg/L (15,000 |ig/L) HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.034 mg/L (34 |ig/L) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (2018): o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day o Intermediate Minimal Risk level = 3 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 203 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (1999): C (Possible human carcinogen) IRIS (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen) OW (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 347 of 419 ------- Isophorone: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.149 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.032 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 52 of 1,920 (2.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.9 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 513 of 2,701 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 18.2 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 47 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 527 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 24 of 38 (63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.0991 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 348 of 419 ------- Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Background CASRN 98-82-8 DTXSID DTXSID1021827 Contaminant Group/Use NA PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 14.8 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.52xl0"2 atm-m3/nnol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.58 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OlxlO3 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.24xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 994,604 lbs PubMed Article Count 93 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 349 of 419 ------- Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Health Effects EPA Health Assessment IRIS (1997) Critical Effect Increased average kidney weight Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.1 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 11 mg/L (11,000 |ig/L) Other: WHO (1999): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.1 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,400 mg/kg Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (2011): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) IRIS (1997): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 350 of 419 ------- Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 35 of 12,771 sites (0.27%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 10 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 56 of 22,995 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.1 - 15 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected at 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 75 of 6,831 sites (1.1%); Concentration range = 0.005 - 27 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 4,277 sites (1.19%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 39.6 \xg/l Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 158 (0.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.064 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites SESQA (2014): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 351 of 419 ------- Lactofen: Background CASRN 77501-63-4 DTXSID DTXSID7024160 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OOxlO4 L/kg Water Solubility = 3.76xl0"7 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 785,344 lbs Pub Med Article Count 11 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 352 of 419 ------- Lactofen: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2007) Critical Effect Increased incidence of proteinaceous casts in kidneys and decreases in thyroid and adrenal gland weights Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.008 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 47.3 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.008 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.48 mg/L (480 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.017 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.790 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.40 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 17.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 73.7 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 353 of 419 ------- Lactofen Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2007): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Office of Water Slide 354 of 419 ------- Lactofen: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 1,737 sites (0.12%); Concentration range = 0.101 - 0.265 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 832 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.154 - 0.172 \xg/l Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 355 of 419 ------- Malathion: Background CASRN 121-75-5 DTXSID DTXSID4020791 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide; veterinary medicine PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 126 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.58 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 165 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.99xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 123,611 lbs USGS (2016): 1,346,697 lbs PubMed Article Count 2,028 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 356 of 419 ------- Malathion: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Inhibition of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in pups Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.01 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 13.2 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 29.0 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 357 of 419 ------- Malathion: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDWG (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.29 mg/L (290 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (2003): o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 190 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 66.6 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2016): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential) WHO IARC (2015): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 358 of 419 ------- Malathion: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.331 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 416 of 11,237 (3.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00041 - 9.58 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 4,062 (1.3%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 5.46 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 229 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00999 - 0.312 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 37 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 0.111 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0166 - 0.0554 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 712 of 15,764 (4.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 46 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.04 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 359 of 419 ------- Methomyl: Background CASRN 16752-77-5 DTXSID DTXSID1022267 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.584 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.0 L/kg Water Solubility = 0.220 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 902,435 lbs Pub Med Article Count 240 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 360 of 419 ------- Methomyl: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Increases in peak red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in humans Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0015 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 1.99 Mg/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWHSA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 12.5 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 10 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 361 of 419 ------- Methomyl: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information | NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 9 of 12,604 sites (0.07%); Concentration range = 0.1-3 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 17 sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 169 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,697 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 3 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,526 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00024-0.295 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 0.0122 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,740 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites Arnold et al. (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%); Concentration range = 3xl0~4- 0.01 |ig/L Bradley et al. (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 sites (2.63%); Concentration = 0.0282 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 539 of 6,790 sites (7.94%); Concentration range = 0.021 - 55.3 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 362 of 419 ------- Metribuzin: Background CASRN 21087-64-9 DTXSID DTXSID6024204 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.80 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.50 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 101 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.16xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 15,728 lbs USGS (2016): 5,804,692 lbs PubMed Article Count 126 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 363 of 419 ------- Metribuzin: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2017) Critical Effect Increased thyroid and liver weights, thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, decreased body weight and body weight gains Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0013 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 7.69 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.25 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 364 of 419 ------- Metribuzin: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L) CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg Cancer Classification OPP (2017): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 365 of 419 ------- Metribuzin: Occurrence (slide 1 of 2) Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 1 of 13,512 (0.01%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 15 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 - 3.76 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 182 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 0.28 \xg/l USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 366 of 419 ------- Metribuzin: Occurrence (slide 2 of 2) Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd) Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 606 of 11,379 (5.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 15.6 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 194 of 4,090 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 - 6.7 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 226 (1.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 -29.742 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 2,171 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 78 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006 - 2011): Not detected in 997 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.651 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0159 - 0.541 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 27 of 1,320 (2.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.182 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 367 of 419 ------- N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Background CASRN 134-62-3 DTXSID DTXSID2021995 Contaminant Group Broad-spectrum insect repellant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status No EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.16 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 191 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"2 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 753 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 368 of 419 ------- N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Health Effects EPA Health Assessment NA Critical Effect NA Target Population NA Health Data Element NA Health Value NA Additional Health Information EPA: ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 61.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 304 mg/kg/day Other: CDC ATSDR (2017): CCL-HRL = 4260 |ig/L; RfD = 1 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,584 mg/kg United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 369 of 419 ------- N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%), sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 - 2.4xl0~5 ฑ 8.2xl0~6 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 114 of 538 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 2.2 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 766 of 1,393 (55%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 7.9 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0035 - 0.119 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 2.33xl0~5 ฑ 3xl0~6 - 2.56xl0~4 ฑ 6.25xl0~5 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 12 of 26 (46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0106 - 0.912 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 370 of 419 ------- Naphthalene: Background CASRN 91-20-3 DTXSID DTXSID8020913 Contaminant Group/Use Former pesticide; chemical intermediate; moth repellant PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.02 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.37xl0"4 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.32 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 822 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.51xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 2,631,597 lbs Pub Med Article Count 2280 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 371 of 419 ------- Naphthalene: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Decreases in body weight and renal effects Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.100 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 372 of 419 ------- Naphthalene: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: CDC ATSDR (2005): o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 490 mg/kg CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): o Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L) o Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) = 0.12 (mg/kg/day)1 Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (2002) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 373 of 419 ------- Naphthalene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information | Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 159 of 13,452 (1.18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 906 |ig/L UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 173 of 22,923 (0.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.07 - 90 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 366 (0.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 7 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 887 (1.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 3.1 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,188 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 68 of 7,850 (0.87%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 70 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 246 of 5,186 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 16000 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 21 of 3,888 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 5.8 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 131 (3.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 4.5 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration range = 1.08 - 1.25 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 1,665 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.66 - 36 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 685 (0.15%) sites; Concentration = 0.78 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0162 - 0.0284 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 374 of 419 ------- Nonylphenol: Background CASRN 25154-52-3 DTXSID DTXSID3021857 Contaminant Group/Use In the preparation of lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, surface active agents; antioxidants for plastics and rubber PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status No EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.09xl0"3 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.30 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.95xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.62xl0"7 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): <1,000,000 lbs PubMed Article Count 1,017 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 375 of 419 ------- Nonylphenol: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment NA Critical Effect NA Target Population NA Health Data Element NA Health Value NA Additional Health Information Other: MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 29.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0049 mg/kg/day MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,600 mg/kg United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 376 of 419 ------- Nonylphenol: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 1.24xl0~5 ฑ 5.3xl0~6 - 6.06xl0~5 ฑ 1.92xl0~5 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 45 of 567 (7.94%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3 - 13 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 10 of 38 (26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.105 - 0.461 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5.34xl0~5 ฑ 5.8xl0~6 - 0.0001856 ฑ 2xl0~5 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 377 of 419 ------- Norflurazon: Background CASRN 27314-13-2 DTXSID DTXSID8024234 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.lOxlO"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.32 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.02xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.02xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 202,807 lbs PubMed Article Count 139 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 378 of 419 ------- Norflurazon: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2017) Critical Effect Increased incidence of thyroid colloid/vacuoles and epithelial desquamation, increased liver weight, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol in males Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0015 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 8.88 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): 0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.0089 mg/L (8.9 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0015 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.58 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.77 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 8,000 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2017): C (Possible human carcinogen) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 379 of 419 ------- Norflurazon: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0313 - 0.096 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 217 of 7,803 (2.78%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00025 - 26.5 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,531 (2.61%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.49 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 229 (3.93%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007992 - 0.352 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 690 (1.74%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0563 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0137 - 0.0274 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 125 of 1,090 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 1.49 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 380 of 419 ------- Phenanthrene: Background CASRN 85-01-8 DTXSID DTXSID6024254 Contaminant Group/Use Dyestuffs, explosives, synthesis of drugs, biochemical research, manufacturing phenanthrenequinone PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status No EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 42.7 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xl0"5 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.55 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.82xl0"6 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 958,463 lbs TRI (2016): 288,155 lbs PubMed Article Count 1,596 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 381 of 419 ------- Phenanthrene: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment NA Critical Effect NA Target Population NA Health Data Element NA Health Value NA Additional Health Information Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 700 mg/kg Cancer Classification: PPRTV (2009): 1 (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential) WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 382 of 419 ------- Phenanthrene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.002 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 39 of 593 (6.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.13 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 356 of 1,965 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 140 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 233 (0%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.37 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0074 - 0.0241 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 383 of 419 ------- Phenol: Background CASRN 108-95-2 DTXSID DTXSID5021124 Contaminant Group/Use Pesticide; chemical intermediate PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.39xl0"7 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.52 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 53.2 L/kg Water Solubility = 0.644 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 1,000,000,000 - <5,000,000,000 lbs TRI (2016): 6,052,029 lbs PubMed Article Count 4,884 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 384 of 419 ------- Phenol: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2019) Critical Effect Reductions in mean fetal body weight per litter Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.6 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 3,390 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L) HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 385 of 419 ------- Phenol: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L) CDC ATSDR (2008): o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 1 mg/kg/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 100 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 133 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2019): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential) WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 386 of 419 ------- Phenol: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 -2020): Not detected in 7 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 98 of 462 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.08 - 12 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 268 of 1,851 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 54.3 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 34 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0548 - 0.151 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 387 of 419 ------- Phorate: Background CASRN 298-02-2 DTXSID DTXSID4032459 Contaminant Group/Use NA PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 141 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.60 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 568 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.47xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 945,534 lbs PubMed Article Count 113 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 388 of 419 ------- Phorate: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2006) Critical Effect Red blood cell and brain cholinesterase inhibition Target Population Bottle-fed infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.00017 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.225 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00017 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = l.OOxlO2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day Other: CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L) HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1.1 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2006): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 389 of 419 ------- Phorate: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.078 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 24 of 11,241 (0.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002-0.6 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.062 \xg/l Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.0032 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 13 of 11,178 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.016 - 0.22 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 390 of 419 ------- Prometryn: Background CASRN 7287-19-6 DTXSID DTXSID4024272 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.79 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 580 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 863 lbs USGS (2016): 1,458,440 lbs Pub Med Article Count 103 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 391 of 419 ------- Prometryn: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP HHBP (2017) Critical Effect Renal and hepatic degenerative changes, bone marrow atrophy Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.04 mg/kg/day Health Value 200 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2013): CCL- HRL= 237 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.70 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.5 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,265 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2013): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 392 of 419 ------- Prometryn: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.231 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 99 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 139 of 5,273 (2.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00017 - 3.73 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 68 of 3,458 (1.97%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00015 - 0.658 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 228 (3.49%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.118 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,207 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.0286 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 92 of 3,433 (2.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0031 - 20 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Fall Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 393 of 419 ------- Pronamide: Background CASRN 23950-58-5 DTXSID DTXSID2020420 Contaminant Group/Use Selective herbicide used on annual and perennial grasses PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 288 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.12xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 137,018 lbs PubMed Article Count 54 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 394 of 419 ------- Pronamide: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP HHBP (2019) Critical Effect Decreases in body weight, weight gain, and food consumption; increased liver weight; lesions in liver, thyroid, and ovaries Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.013 mg/kg/day Health Value 77 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.8 mg/L (800 |ig/L) OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 226 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day OPP HHBP (2021): o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.04 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 60.0 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 395 of 419 ------- Pronamide: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,600 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 396 of 419 ------- Pronamide: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 143 of 11,233 (1.27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 1.35 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 24 of 4,084 (0.59%) sites; Concentration range = 7.00xl0~4 - 5.75 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.01134 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 49 of 641 (7.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 -0.25 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 133 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.014 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 397 of 419 ------- Propanil: Background CASRN 709-98-8 DTXSID DTXSID8022111 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.12 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 272 L/kg Water Solubility = 4.90xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 81,157 lbs USGS (2016): 6,860,055 lbs Pub Med Article Count 130 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 398 of 419 ------- Propanil: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2006) Critical Effect Increased methemoglobin; increased spleen weight in females; and enlarged seminal vesicles/prostates in males Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.009 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 53.3 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): 0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.03 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 9.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 49.0 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 360 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 399 of 419 ------- Propanil: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 16 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0112 - 0.17 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 23 of 2,980 (0.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00188 - 6.5 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 228 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 3.0096 |ig/L SESQA (2014): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.0020539 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 201 of 1,424 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 57.6 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 400 of 419 ------- Propazine: Background CASRN 139-40-2 DTXSID DTXSID3021196 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.01 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 234 L/kg Water Solubility = 2.70xl0"4 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 637,397 lbs Pub Med Article Count 39 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 401 of 419 ------- Propazine: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.0242 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 137 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): 0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day Other Health Assessments CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,200 mg/kg Cancer Classification OPP (2015): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 402 of 419 ------- Propazine: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 10 (70%) sites; Concentration Range = 7xl0~4 - 0.032 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 260 of 2,165 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 2xl0~4 - 1.79 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 159 of 1,243 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021-0.39 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; Concentration range = 7xl0~4 - 0.071 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 19 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 9 of 584 (1.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005 - 0.0029 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2017): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 0.041 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 2 of 68 (2.94%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1-2 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 403 of 419 ------- Propoxur: Background CASRN 114-26-1 DTXSID DTXSID7021948 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.64 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 50.0 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.07xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 1 lb Pub Med Article Count 380 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 404 of 419 ------- Propoxur: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2015) Critical Effect Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups Target Population Bottle-fed infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.00038 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 0.503 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 8.41 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00352 (mg/kg/day)1 DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.00 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 23.5 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2015): B2 (Probable Human Carcinogenic) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 405 of 419 ------- Propoxur: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 sites (0%) Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 105 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 79 of 1,520 (5.2%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00038-0.367 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 223 (0.45%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 868 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 373 (0%) sites Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0014 - 0.0034 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0093 - 0.0097 |ig/L SESQA (2014): Detected in 29 of 77 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003306 - 0.0126086 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 1,584 (0%) sites USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Concentration = 0.007 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 406 of 419 ------- Pyrene: Background CASRN 129-00-0 DTXSID DTXSID3024289 Contaminant Group/Use Occurs as a result of incomplete burning PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 240 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.17xl0"5 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.98 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.83xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 5.44xl0"7 mol/L Use/Production/Release CDR (2015): 264,983 lbs PubMed Article Count 1,695 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 407 of 419 ------- Pyrene: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OW (1991) Critical Effect Nephropathy (renal tubular pathology, decreased kidney weights) Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.03 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 148 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: IRIS (1990): CCL-HRL = 178 |ig/L; RfD = 0.03 mg/kg/day PPRTV (2007): Subchronic RfD = 0.25 mg/kg/day HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 408 of 419 ------- Pyrene: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,700 mg/kg Cancer Classification: PPRTV (2007): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans) WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 409 of 419 ------- Pyrene: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 588 (6.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.14 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 346 of 1,962 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 25.6 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 231 (3.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.3 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0034 - 0.0447 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency slide 4io of 419 ------- Sulfamethoxazole: Background CASRN 723-46-6 DTXSID DTXSID8026064 Contaminant Group/Use Antibacterial; antipneumocystic PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA Health Assessment Available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.74xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.726 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 91.2 L/kg Water Solubility = 5.03xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA PubMed Article Count 4,876 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 411 of 419 ------- Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OW (FDA/NIH (2018)) Critical Effect Lowest therapeutic dose: treat or prevent bacterial infections: urinary tract infections/acute otitis media/acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis/ Shigellosis/Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia/Traveler's Diarrhea in Adults Target Population Bottle-Fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.003333333 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-SL = 22.0 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 78.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0034 mg/kg/day (General Population) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 412 of 419 ------- Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,650 mg/kg Cancer Classification: WHO IARC (2000): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 413 of 419 ------- Sulfamethoxazole: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Concentration = 0.0082 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.27xl0~5 ฑ 3.6xl0~6 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 30 of 619 (4.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 1.46 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 252 of 1,441 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00171 - 1.58 \xg/l Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 141 of 182 (77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.5764 |ig/L Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 12 of 1,100 (1.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.019022 -0.1198271 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 20 of 38 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 1.5 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 10 of 25 (40%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.1611 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 7 of 8 (87.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 7.4xl0~6 ฑ 8xlO~7|ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.052 |ig/L United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 414 of 419 ------- Tebuthiuron: Background CASRN 34014-18-1 DTXSID DTXSID3024316 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.20xl0"10 atm-m3/nnol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.77 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 120 L/kg Water Solubility = 6.28xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2015): 22,610 lbs PubMed Article Count 12 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 415 of 419 ------- Tebuthiuron: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2014) Critical Effect Decreased body weights in F1 females; decreased pup body weights in F1 and F2 generations Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.14 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 185 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.0 mg/kg/day Other: NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 200 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2014): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 416 of 419 ------- Tebuthiuron: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 10 of 17 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.055 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1,134 of 11,243 (10%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 17.3 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 315 of 4,001 (7.87%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.4 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 47 of 229 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.43 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 24 of 690 (3.48%) sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0317 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0125 - 0.0358 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 1,757 (1.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0127 - 3 |ig/L USGS McKenzie River Oregon, 2010 (2002-2010): Detected in 6 of 134 (4.5%) samples; Maximum concentration = 3.47 \xg/l USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 417 of 419 ------- Thiamethoxam: Background CASRN 153719-23-4 DTXSID DTXSID2034962 Contaminant Group/Use Insecticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status CCL 5 List Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.201 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 71.7 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.99xl0"3 mol/L Use/Production/Release USGS (2016): 353,487 lbs PubMed Article Count 252 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 418 of 419 ------- Thiamethoxam: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2016) Critical Effect Increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in testes of F1 males (pups) Target Population Bottle-fed Infants Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.012 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 15.9 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.071 mg/L (71 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.012 mg/kg/day o Acute benchmark = 2.3 mg/L (2,300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.35 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 1.84 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 14.3 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 419 of 419 ------- Thiamethoxam: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,563 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 420 of 419 ------- Thiamethoxam: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration = 0.0102 |ig/L Klarich et al. 2017 (2016): Detected in 19 of 20 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00026 - 0.00415 |ig/L Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 50 of 143 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 4.37 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 227 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 0.025 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 - 0.1904 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 43 of 281 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0068 - 2.06 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 421 of 419 ------- Thiobencarb: Background CASRN 28249-77-6 DTXSID DTXSID6024337 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.95 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.95xl0"8 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.53 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.17xl03 L/kg Water Solubility = 9.31xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 3,385 lbs USGS (2016): 2,372,729 lbs PubMed Article Count 72 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 422 of 419 ------- Thiobencarb: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Decreased body weights Target Population General Population Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.01 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.01 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 7 mg/L (7,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 1 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day Other: CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Public Health Goal = 0.042 mg/L (42 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 560 mg/kg Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 423 of 419 ------- Thiobencarb: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 15 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.029 - 0.19 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 256 (0%) sites Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 84 of 10,703 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 2.00xl0~5 - 4.38 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 2,980 (1.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00093 - 12.4 \xg/l USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 2,975 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.097 - 1.6 |ig/L Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.3429 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 635 of 7,197 (8.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004- 150 |ig/L EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 424 of 419 ------- Triclosan: Background CASRN 3380-34-5 DTXSID DTXSID5032498 Contaminant Group/Use Antiseptic/disinfectant/antimicrobial in personal care products and household goods; pesticide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.46xlO"10 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.97 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.24xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.50xl0"5 mol/L Use/Production/Release NA Pub Med Article Count 2,221 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 425 of 419 ------- Triclosan: Health Effects EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect 20% decrease in thyroxine (T4) and associations with neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits Target Population Women of childbearing age Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent 0.27 mg/kg/day Health Value CCL-HRL= 1,530 Mg/L Additional Health Information EPA: OPP HHBP (2021): o Chronic Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day o Acute Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day Other: MN DOH (accessed 2018): o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L) o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L) EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 426 of 419 ------- Triclosan: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 5.96xl0~5 ฑ 2.57xl0~5 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 31 of 567 (5.47%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.56 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 126 of 1,415 (8.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 15.6 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 23 of 38 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00152 - 0.534 |ig/L Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 3 of 25 (12%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0035 |ig/L Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 0.0001058 ฑ 6.31xl0~5 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 427 of 419 ------- Trifluralin: Background CASRN 1582-09-8 DTXSID DTXSID4021395 Contaminant Group/Use Herbicide PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status PCCL 5 Health and Occurrence Information Status EPA health assessment available Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.02xl0"4 atm-m3/mol Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.31 Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.69xl04 L/kg Water Solubility = 1.16xl0"6 mol/L Use/Production/Release TRI (2016): 13,360 lbs USGS (2016): 8,578,613 lbs PubMed Article Count 259 United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 428 of 419 ------- Trifluralin: Health Effects (slide 1 of 2) EPA Health Assessment OPP (2018) Critical Effect Thyroid follicular cell combined adenoma, papillary adenoma, cystadenoma, and carcinoma in males Target Population General Population Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) 0.00296 (mg/kg/day)"1 Health Value CCL-HRL = 10 [ig/l Additional Health Information EPA: OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 142 |ig/L; RfD = 0.024 mg/kg/day DWSHA (accessed 2018): o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L) o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L) ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.800 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day United States Environmental Protection ^1 Agency Office of Water Slide 429 of 419 ------- Trifluralin: Health Effects (slide 2 of 2) Additional Health Information (cont'd) Other: WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L) CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.045 mg/L (45 |ig/L) NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 500 mg/kg NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 263 mg/kg/day Cancer Classification: OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen) WHO IARC (1990): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 430 of 419 ------- Trifluralin: Occurrence Best Available Occurrence Information NA Additional Occurrence Information Finished Drinking Water USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.0025 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site Ambient Water USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 485 of 10,201 (4.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 1.74 |ig/L USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 149 of 3,480 (4.28%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~5 - 0.323 |ig/L USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 225 (0%) sites Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 604 (0.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 210 |ig/L Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 635 (0%) sites; Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 2.75xl0~5 - 0.0473 |ig/L SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 254 of 2,711 (9.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.3 |ig/L USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.002 |ig/L USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites EPA United States Office of Water Environmental Protection Agency Slide 431 of 419 ------- Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 432 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms ng- Micrograms %Rec - Percent Recovery %RSD- Percent Relative Standard Deviation HCI-PF30UdS - ll-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-Oxaundecane-l-Sulfonic Acid 2,4-DB - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid 4:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid 6:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid 8:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecane Sulfonic Acid 9CI-PF30NS - 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-Oxanone-l-Sulfonic Acid AM-Assessment Monitoring ADONA - 4,8-Dioxa-3H-Perfluorononanoic Acid ASTM-ASTM International United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 433 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms atm-Atmosphere Unit ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry AWIA - America's Water Infrastructure Act BCAA - Bromochloroacetic Acid BCIM - Bromochloroiodomethane BDCAA-Bromodichloroacetic Acid BDCNM - Bromodichloronitromethane BDIM - Bromodiiodomethane CalEPA - California Environmental Protection Agency CASRN - Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number CCC - Continuing Calibration Check CCL-Contaminant Candidate List United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 434 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms CCL-HRL-Contaminant Candidate List Health Reference Level CCL-SL - Contaminant Candidate List Screening Level CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDIM - Chlorodiiodomethane CDR-Chemical Data Reporting CDWG - Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water CIC - Combustion ion Chromatography CIS - Contaminant Information Sheet CPDB - Carcinogenic Potency Database CSF-Cancer Slope Factor CWS - Community Water System CWSS - Community Water System Survey United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 435 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms DAI-LC/MS/MS - Direct Aqueous Injection- Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry DBAN - Dibromoacetonitrile DBCAA-Dibromochloroacetic Acid DBCNM - Dibromochloronitromethane DBIM - Dibromoiodomethane DBP - Disinfection Byproduct DCAN - Dichloroacetonitrile DCIM - Dichloroiodomethane D/DBPR - Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (including Stage 1 and Stage 2 D/DBPRs) DEET-N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 436 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms DS - Distribution System DSMRT- Distribution System Maximum Residence Time DTXSID - Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers DWSHA - Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories DWTP - Drinking Water Treatment Plant EDC - Endocrine Disrupting Chemical EJ - Environmental Justice EO - Executive Order EOF - Extractable Organic Fluorine EPA - Environmental Protection Agency EPTC- Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate EPTDS - Entry Point to the Distribution System United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 437 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms ESA-Ethanesulfonic Acid etal.-And Others F1 - First Filial Generation F2-Second Filial Generation FDA-United States Food and Drug Administration FDAMDD - FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database FR - Federal Register FRB - Field Reagent Blank FRN - Federal Register Notice GC-Gas Chromatography GC/MS - Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry GW - Ground Water United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 438 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms GWRMP- Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan HA - Office of Water Health Advisory HCFC-22 - Chlorodifluoromethane HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein HESD - Office of Water's Health Effect Support Documents HFPO-DA- Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid HHBP - Human Health Benchmark for Pesticides HHC - Human Health Criteria HPLC-High Performance Liquid Chromatography HRL- Health Reference Level HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 439 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms ICP-AES - Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry IDC - Initial Demonstration of Capability IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System IS - Internal Standard ISO - International Organization for Standardization Kh-Henry's Law Coefficient Kqc - Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient Kow ~ Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient kg - Kilograms L - Liter lbs - Pounds LC/ESI-MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray lonization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 440 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms LC/MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry LCMRL- Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level LFB - Laboratory Fortified Blank LFSM - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix LFSMD - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix Duplicate LLE-GC/ECD- Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detection LOAEL-Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level LRB - Laboratory Reagent Blank LSI - Large System Inventory United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 441 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms MAC - Maximum Allowable Concentration MADL- Maximum Allowable Daily Level MALDI-MS - Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Mass Spectrometry MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MCPA - 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid MCPP - 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic Acid MDBP - Microbial Disinfection Byproduct MN DOH - Minnesota Department of Health mg - Milligrams MRDD- Maximum Recommended Daily Dose MRL-Minimum Reporting Level MTBE - Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 442 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms NAWQA - National Water-Quality Assessment NCOD - National Contaminant Occurrence Database NDBA - Nitrosodibutylamine NDEA- N-Nitrosodiethylamine NDMA- N-Nitrosodimethylamine NDPA- N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine NDPhA-Nitrosodiphenylamine NEtFOSAA- N-Ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid NFDHA - Nonafluoro-3,6-Dioxaheptanoic Acid NIH - National Institutes of Health NIRS - National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey NMeFOSAA-N-Methyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 443 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms NOAEL- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level NPDWRs - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations NPYR - Nitrosopyrrolidine NTM -Nontuberculous Mycobacteria NTNCWS - Non-Transient Non-Community Water System NWIS - National Water Information System NWQMC - National Water Quality Monitoring Council OA - Oxanilic Acid OEHHA-California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment OGWDW - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water OPP - Office of Pesticide Programs ORD - Office of Research and Development United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 444 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms OW - Office of Water PA - Partnership Agreement PDP- Pesticide Data Program PCCL- Preliminary Contaminant Candidate List PFAS - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances PFBA - Perfluorobutanoic Acid PFBS - Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid PFDA - Perfluorodecanoic Acid PFDoA - Perfluorododecanoic Acid PFEESA - Perfluoro (2-Ethoxyethane) Sulfonic Acid PFHpA - Perfluoroheptanoic Acid PFHpS - Perfluoroheptanesulfonic Acid United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 445 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms PFHxA - Perfluorohexanoic Acid PFHxS - Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid PFMBA - Perfluoro-4-Methoxybutanoic Acid PFMPA - Perfluoro-3-Methoxypropanoic Acid PFNA-Perfluorononanoic Acid PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic Acid PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid PFOSA- Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFPeA - Perfluoropentanoic Acid PFPeS - Perfluoropentanesulfonic Acid PFTA - Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid PFTrDA - Perfluorotridecanoic Acid United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 446 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms PFUnA - Perfluoroundecanoic Acid PHG - CalEPA's Public Health Goals p,p'-DDE - p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene PPCP - Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products PPRTV - Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values PST-Pre-Screen Testing PT - Proficiency Testing PWS - Public Water System QA-Quality Assurance QC - Quality Control QCS-Quality Control Sample qPCR-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 447 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms RAA-Risk Assessment Advice RfD - Reference Dose SAP - Standard Analytical Protocol SESQA-Southeast Stream Quality Assessment SDWA-Safe Drinking Water Act SDWARS-Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System SDWIS - Safe Drinking Water Information System SM - Standard Methods SMP-State Monitoring Plan SS-Screening Survey SSI - Small System Inventory SUR-Surrogate Samples United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 448 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms SURF - Surface Water Database SW - Surface Water SYR-Six-Year Review t1/2 Half-Life T4 - Thyroxine TBAA-Tribromoacetic Acid TBEP-Tris(2-butozylethyl) Phosphate TCAN-Trichloroacetonitrile TCEP-Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate TCNM-Trichloronitromethane (Chloropicrin) TCOTS - Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System TDCP-Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate TIM -Triiodomethane (Iodoform) United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 449 of 419 ------- Abbreviations and Acronyms TNCWS - Transient Non-Community Water System ToxRefDB - Toxicity Reference Database TRI - Toxic Release Inventory TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act UCM - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring UCMR - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule URCIS- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Information System USDA- United States Department of Agriculture USGS - United States Geological Survey VCSB - Voluntary Consensus Standards Body VLDL-Very Low-Density Lipoprotein WHO-World Health Organization United States Environmental Protectio ^1 M * Agency Office of Water Slide 450 of 419 ------- |