A EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

(UCMR 6)

Held April 17 and 18, 2024 USEPA, Office of Ground Water and

Drinking Water

Office of Water (MLK 140)

EPA 815-A-24-001

April 2024


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Discuss Potential Approaches to the Sixth Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6)

EPA

iii

Pre-Proposal Public Webinar
April 17 and 18,2024

U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water,
Standards and Risk Management Division,
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water


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Welcome

Eric Burneson, Director
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 2 of 419


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Logistics and General Meeting Information

Melissa Simic
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 3 of 419


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Webinar Tips

•	Webinar Slides

•	Located under "Handouts" in the right navigation bar on your screen

•	Slides were also emailed to all registered participants

•	Contain all content that will be discussed

•	Webinar Audio

•	Webinar lines are muted to minimize background noise (listen-only mode)

•	Webinar Support

•	Send email to UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com

•	e.g.,"I can hear you speaking, but I cannot see the slides."

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 4 of 419


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Questions Specific to this Presentation

Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel
(Figure 1) to submit questions or comments

•	Type a question in the box, click send (Figure 2)

Submit your questions throughout the webinar

•	Questions will be answered on an individual
basis throughout the presentation

•	Common and clarifying questions will be
shared with the group or discussed after the
breaks

Figure 1

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United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 5 of 419


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General Meeting Information

• Purpose

• Provide an opportunity for the public to learn and discuss potential
approaches to developing the proposal for the sixth Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 6):

•	Analytical methods and contaminants being considered

•	Sampling design

•	Laboratory approval

•	Other possible requirements

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 6 of 419


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Agenda

APRIL 17 & 18, 2024

TOPICS

11:00 a.m.

Sign-in



Welcome



Logistics and General Meeting Information



Overview of the SDWA Regulatory Process and UCMR



UCMR 6 Potential Approaches



UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement

~12:15 p.m.

Break



General Guidelines Used in the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method Development and Application



Anticipated Process for Approval of Laboratories Supporting UCMR 6



UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and Rationale

~1:45 p.m.

Break

~2:00 p.m.

Open Forum and Discussion



Closing Remarks/Adjourn

A United States Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency siide7of4i9


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Open Discussion

Participants that registered to make a public
statement will present first

Participants that would like to make a public
statement the day of the presentation

•	Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel (Figure
1) and request to speak at the end of the discussion

• Include your full name and email address

•	Submit your request by the first break

•	You will receive a presenter/panelist email link by the
second break

•	At the second break, please close the webinar and rejoin
the webinar with the new link

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Figure 2



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United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 8 of 419


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Overview of the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) Regulatory Process and UCMR

Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 9 of 419


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Overview

• Regulatory background for UCMR and relationship to other Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) programs

•	Contaminant Candidate List (CCL)

•	Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)

•	UCMR objective

•	History and general process of UCMR

•	Regulatory Determination

•	National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)

•	Six-Year Review

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 10 of 419


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Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

•	Enacted in 1974, SDWA authorized the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to set enforceable health standards for contaminants in drinking water

•	National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs)

•	1986 SDWA amendments were the basis for the original "UCM" program

•	State drinking water programs managed the original UCM program

•	1996 SDWA amendments changed the process of developing and reviewing
NPDWRs

•	CCL

•	UCMR (EPA-managed implementation)

•	Regulatory Determination

•	Six-Year Review

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 11 of 419


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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes

Pt-MR

Recultc

Regulatory
Determination

Preliminary
Regulatory
Determination

Final Regulatory
Determinations

UCMR

No further action if decision
is to not regulate

May develop health advisory

Public Review arid Comment
Research Needs Assessment

Review

5i)'-Year Review of

Existing WPPWRs

Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.

&EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 12 of 419


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Contaminant Candidate List (CCL)

•	SDWA 1412(b)(1)(B) requires the EPA to establish a list of
contaminants that are:

•	Not subject to any proposed or promulgated NPDWR

•	Known or anticipated to occur in PWSs

•	May require regulation under SDWA

•	List must be published every five years

The Final CCL 5 was published November 14, 2022 and includes 66
chemicals, three chemical groups, and 12 microbial contaminants

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 13 of 419


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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes

Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment

Regulatory

Rule

Review

CCL

Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.

&EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 14 of 419


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Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)

•	SDWA Section 1445(a)(2), establishes the requirements of the UCMR Program:

•	Issue a list of no more than 30 priority unregulated contaminants in drinking water, once
every five years

•	Require large PWSs serving a population more than 10,000 people to monitor

•	Require small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 to monitor; ensure that only a
nationally representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people
monitor

• Limitations: subject to the availability of appropriations and sufficient laboratory capacity to
accommodate the analysis

•	Make analytical results publicly available in the National Contaminant Occurrence
Database for drinking water (NCOD)

•	The EPA funds shipping and analytical costs for small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer

•	The EPA manages the program in partnership with states, Tribes, and Territories
(hereafter referred to as "states") that volunteer to assist

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Objective of the UCMR Program

• Collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data for
unregulated contaminants that may warrant regulation under SDWA

•	Consider data collected as part of future EPA decisions on actions to protect
public health

•	Provide data to states, local governments, and to the public for their use in
decisions regarding public health protection

National occurrence data publicly available:

https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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History

of UCMR

•	UCMR 1 (2001-2005)

•	UCMR 2 (2007-2011)

•	UCMR 3 (2012-2016)

•	UCMR 4 (2017-2021)

•	UCMR 5 (2022-2026)

•	PWSs collect samples 2023-2025

•	UCMR 6 (2027-2031)

•	Anticipating proposal mid-late 2025 and final rule late 2026

•	Anticipating sample collection 2028-2030

Each new UCMR cycle is established via a revision to the rule for the ongoing/preceding cycle

Sr<"5*

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 245/Monday, December 27, 2021/Rules and Regulations 73131

|FR Due. 2D21-2755G Filed 12-23-21; B:4: am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY

40 CFR Part 141

[EPA-HG-OW-2020-0530: FRL-6791-03-
OW]

RIN 2040-AFB9

Revisions to the Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring Rule {UCMR
5) for Public Water Systems and
Announcement of Public Meetings

AGENCY: Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule and notice of public
meetings.

available electronically through https://

www.regulations.gov,

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Brenda D. Bowden, Standards and Risk
Management Division (SRMD), Office of
Ground Water and Drinking Water
(OGWDW) (MS 140], Environmental
Protection Agency. 26 West Martin
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati. Ohio
45268; telephone number: (513) 569-
7961: email address;: boivden.iire'itda'S
epa.gov; or Melissa Simic, SRMD,
OGWDW (MS 140). Environmental
Protection Agency. 26 West Martin
Luther King Drive. Cincinnati, Ohio
45263: telephone number: (513) 569-
7364: email address: simicjnelissaฎ
epa.gov. For general information, visit
the Ground Water and Drinking Water
web page at: itffpsyAvvviv.epa.gov/
ground-water-and-drinking-water.

IV, Description of Final Rule and Summary
of Responses to Public Comments

A.	What contaminants must be monitored
under UCMR S?

1.	This Final Rule

2.	Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses

a.	Agtpegate PFAS Measure

b.	Legionella Pneumophila

c.	Haloacetonatriles

d.	1,2.3-Trichloropropane

B.	What is the L'CMR 5 sampling design?

1.	This Final Rule

2.	Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses

C.	What is the sampling frequency and
timing?

1.	This Final Rule

2.	Summary of Major Comments and EPA
Responses

D.	Where are the sampling locations and
what is representative monitoring?

1.	This Final Rule

2.	Summary of Major Comments and EPA

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

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General Process for Developing UCMR

•	Early public meetings

•	Provide background on statutory requirements

•	Discuss current/prospective method availability for emerging contaminants

•	Discuss anticipated elements of the proposal

•	Develop proposed rule and publish in the	(FR)

•	The agency typically provides a 60-day public comment period

•	Public meeting during public comment period

•	Develop final rule and publish in the FR

•	Public meetings after final rule publication to prepare for
implementation

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 18 of 419


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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes

Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment


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Regulatory Determinations

Every five years, the Administrator shall, after notice of the preliminary
determination and opportunity for public comment, for not fewer than
five contaminants included on the CCL, make determinations on whether
to regulate such contaminants.

SDWA requires the EPA to publish a maximum contaminant level goal
(MCLG) and promulgate a NPDWR for a contaminant if the Administrator
determines that:

1.	The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons;

2.	The contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial likelihood that the
contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of
public health concern; and

3.	In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of such contaminant
presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by
public water systems.

*SDWA Section 1412(b)(1)

&EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 20 of 419


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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes

Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment

Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage

&EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 21 of 419


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National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

(NPDWRs)

•	For each contaminant that the Administrator decides to regulate, the
Administrator shall publish MCLGs and promulgate, by rule, NPDWRs. The
Administrator shall:

•	Propose the MCLG and NPDWRs for a contaminant no later than 24 months after
the determination to regulate

•	Publish an MCLG and promulgate a NPDWR within 18 months after the proposal
thereof

•	A NPDWR shall take effect three years after the date on which the regulation is
promulgated. The Administrator, or a state, may allow this period to be
extended up to two additional years if it determines that additional time is
necessary for capital improvements

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 22 of 419


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General Flow of SDWA Regulatory Processes

CCL

Regulatory
Determination



~

Ek





No further action if decision
is to not regulate

May develop health advisory



24



months









Rule

Public Review and Comment
Research Needs Assessment

Six-Year Review of
Existing WPDWRs

Increased specificity and confidence in the type of supporting data used (e.g., health, occurrence, treatment) is needed at each stage.

vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 23 of 419


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Six-Year Review

•	SDWA Section 1412(b)(9) requires review and revision, as
appropriate, of each NPDWR no less often than every six years. The
review includes:

• Re-evaluation of health effects, occurrence, exposure, drinking water
analytical methods, treatment feasibility, risk-balancing, and
implementation issues

•	Any revision of a NPDWR shall maintain, or provide for greater,
protection of the health of people

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 24 of 419


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UCMR 6 Potential
Approaches

Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 25 of 419


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Overview

•	Timeline

•	PWS types

•	Sampling design considerations

•	Approach to tiered monitoring

•	Assessment Monitoring (AM)

•	Screening Survey (SS)

•	Pre-Screen Testing (PST)

•	Applicability

•	Sampling frequency and locations

•	Implementation roles

•	EPA

•	States

•	Small PWSs

•	Large PWSs

•	Potential changes between UCMR 5
and UCMR 6

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Development

2024

2025

2026



Publish Final Rule

Method Development Federal Register Notice Publish Proposal, 60-day Public Comment
(February 8, 2024) Period, Public Meeting (Mid-Late 2025)

Pre-Proposal Meeting (April 17 & 18, 2024)

Publish UCMR 6 Final Rule (Late 2026)

Post Proposal: Initiate Implementation

•	Lab Approval

•	PWS Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System (SDWARS)
registration/notification/inventory

•	Partnership Agreements (PAs), State Monitoring Plans (SMPs), Small System Inventory
(SSI), Large System Inventory (LSI)

•	Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan (GWRMP) submittal

•	Outreach/trainings

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 27 of 419


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Draft Timeline of UCMR 6 Activities

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

Pre-monitoring Implementation



Post-monitoring Phase

Continuation of:

•	Lab Approval

•	PWS SDWARS
registration/notification/inventory

•	PAs, SMPs, SSIs, LSIs

•	GWRMP submittal1

•	Outreach/trainings

•	Implementation public meetings

Implementation Activities

•	Assist PWSs with compliance

•	Implement small PWS monitoring

•	Post data quarterly to NCOD

Reporting and Analysis of Data

•	All PWSs serving 3,300 or more people2

•	Representative sample of small PWSs serving fewer
than 3,300 people

•	Complete resampling, as needed

•	Conclude data reporting

•	Finalize NCOD

•	Compliance assistance/
enforcement, as needed

1GWRMP submissions are due six months prior to PWS scheduled monitoring date and could therefore occur during the UCMR 6 monitoring years.
2 Monitoring by all PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people is subject to availability of appropriations and laboratory capacity.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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UCMR Applicability by PWS Type

• Public Water System (PWS): provides water for human consumption through
pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or
serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year

•	Community Water System (CWS): PWS that supplies water to the same population
year-round

•	Non-Transient Non-Community Water System (NTNCWS): PWS that supplies
water to at least 25 of the same people at least six months per year but not year-
round (e.g.,schools)

•	Transient Non-Community Water System (TNCWS) (not generally included in
UCMR sampling): PWS that provides water where people do not remain for long
periods of time (e.g.,gas stations, campgrounds)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 29 of 419


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Selection of Nationally Representative PWSs

•	Statistically-based sampling design has been vetted with stakeholders
and peer-reviewed

•	Data Quality Objectives for the representative sample of PWSs

•	Provides occurrence data for unbiased national exposure estimates

•	The statistical design:

•	Stratifies by PWS size and source water type

•	Allocates PWSs across the strata proportional to population served with
at least two PWSs allocated to each state

For additional information see the ''Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for the

Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 Updated
https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530-Q127

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 30 of 419


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UCMR Approach

•	UCMR approach relies on using one or more of 3 monitoring tiers

•	Assessment Monitoring (primary approach to-date, used in UCMR 1 through
UCMR 5)

•	Screening Survey (used in UCMR 1, UCMR 2, UCMR 3 for a subset of
contaminants)

•	Pre-Screen Testing (used in UCMR 3 for the viruses)

•	Based on:

•	Availability and complexity of drinking water analytical methods

•	Laboratory capacity

•	Sampling frequency

•	Relevant PWSs based on contaminant (e.g., PWS type, source water type)

•	Other considerations (e.g.,cost/burden)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 31 of 419


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Assessment Monitoring: Statistical Approach

•	Primary approach - presuming availability of appropriations and lab
capacity America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) expands
participating PWSs to include:

•	Nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving fewer than 3,300 people

•	Census of small PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people

•	Census of large PWSs serving more than 10,000 people

•	Nationally-representative sample of small PWSs plus census of PWSs
serving 3,300 or more people provides a powerful tool for assessing
national contaminant occurrence in drinking water

•	Total number of PWSs included in UCMR 5: ~10,300

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 32 of 419


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Screening Survey: Statistical Approach

•	Designed to ensure the data can be used to support regulatory
decisions

•	Account for possible laboratory capacity limitations

•	Approach used in UCMR 2 and 3 involved:

•	Nationally representative sample of 800, allocated across PWSs serving
100,000 or fewer people

•	Census of all PWSs serving more than 100,000 (~450 PWSs)

•	Total number of PWSs: ~1,250

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 33 of 419


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Pre-Screen Testing

•	Envisioned for use with methods that are in the early stages of
development, and/or very specialized viruses)

•	May be conducted by limited number of PWSs identified as
vulnerable (by the EPA and/or state agencies), as was done with
UCMR 3 virus monitoring

•	Approach can be customized to meet specific monitoring objectives
of a particular UCMR cycle

•	Sampling design is not necessarily population weighted

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 34 of 419


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Typical UCMR Applicability



PWS Type

PWSs Serving
> 10,000 people

PWSs Serving 3,300 -
10,000 people

PWSs Serving <3,300
people

Assessment
Monitoring

cwsx&

NTNCWS2

All PWSs (~4,400)

All PWSs (~5,200)
(~400 non-AWIA)3

800 randomly selected PWSs
(~400 non-AWIA)3

Screening Survey

CWS & NTNCWS

All PWSs (~450) serving more

than 100,000, and
320 randomly selected PWSs
serving 10,001 to 100,000

480 randomly selected PWSs

Pre-Screen Testing

May be conducted by a limited number of PWSs

1	Community Water System.

2	Non-Transient Non-Community Water System.

3	Assessment Monitoring will convert to the non-AWIA design {i.e., nationally representative sample of 800 small PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people) if the
appropriations (additional $15,000,000 in each fiscal year for which monitoring is required to be carried out) are not received, or sufficient laboratory capacity is not
available.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Small PWS Notifications about Participation

•	The EPA expects to have funding available to support monitoring at
the representative national sample of 800 PWSs serving 10,000 or
fewer people and will notify selected PWSs

•	The EPA's ability to support monitoring at the census of small PWSs
serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people depends on additional
appropriations. The EPA anticipates that these PWSs will participate
in UCMR 6, but will confirm approximately 6 months prior to their
scheduled sampling

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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UCMR Sampling Frequency

• UCMR 1 through UCMR 5 used similar sampling frequency

•	Surface Water (SW) - PWSs with surface water sources (including those
using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water) sampled
four times during their year of monitoring

•	Ground Water (GW) - PWSs with ground water sources sampled two
times during their year of monitoring

•	Specialized sampling frequency was used for focused sample designs

(e.g.,eight sample events for cyanotoxins in UCMR 4)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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UCMR Sampling Locations

• Typical Sampling locations:

•	Contaminants are generally sampled at the entry points to the PWS's
distribution systems (EPTDSs)

•	Disinfection byproducts and microbial contaminants are generally sampled at
Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (D/DBPR) distribution system
(DS) locations or at the at the distribution system maximum residence time
(DSMRT) location

•	Sampling exceptions may be made based on particular contaminants

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 38 of 419


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EPA Implementation Roles

(slide 1 of 2)

•	Small PWS support:

•	Maintain laboratory and implementation contracts to support UCMR

•	Compile contact and inventory information

•	Manage sample kit distribution and tracking

•	Large and Small PWS support:

•	Download data (via SDWARS) and review prior to reporting to NCOD

•	Support the SDWARS reporting system and users

•	Update PWS inventory and schedules as needed

•	Provide technical assistance

•	Use SDWARS for real-time communication and outreach

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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EPA Implementation Roles

(slide 2 of 2)

• State, PWS, and Laboratory support:

•	Review and track rule applicability and PWS sampling progress

•	Manage Laboratory Approval Program

•	Provide technical support

•	Coordinate outreach

•	Lead compliance assistance and enforcement

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Extended UCMR Implementation Team

•	EPA Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (OGWDW)

•	Lead organization for direct-implementation of rule

•	EPA Regional Offices

•	Coordinate state Partnership Agreements

•	Assist states and PWSs with UCMR requirements, compliance
assistance, and enforcement

•	Partnering states

•	Support various aspects of implementation based on state-specific
interest

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 41 of 419


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States' Role in the UCMR Program

•	Participation by states is voluntary and documented via Partnership
Agreements

•	States help the EPA implement the UCMR program and ensure high data
quality

•	Partnership Agreement activities can include any or all of the following:

•	Review and revise State Monitoring Plans

•	Provide inventory and contact information for small and large PWSs

•	Review proposed Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plans (GWRMPs)

•	Provide compliance assistance (e.g., notify and instruct systems)

•	Collect samples

•	Other

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 42 of 419


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EPA Responsibilities on behalf of Small PWSs

•	The EPA pays for sample analyses and shipping for PWSs serving
10,000 or fewer people

•	The EPA coordinates with the UCMR implementation contractor to send
sampling kits to PWSs

•	The EPA coordinates sample analyses with contracted laboratories

•	Both the EPA and the UCMR implementation contractor engage
states and PWSs to ensure samples are collected per the designated
schedule

•	The EPA examines the results along with quality control (QC) data and
makes results available to the respective state and PWS via SDWARS

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Small PWS Responsibilities

•	Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling
requirements [e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, physical
shipping address, additional data elements)

•	Collect and ship samples according to the monitoring schedule in
SDWARS using the sampling kits, pre-paid shipping label, and
materials provided by EPA

•	Small PWSs and states have access to results in SDWARS following
EPA review of the data posted by the laboratory

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Large PWS Responsibilities

•	PWSs serving more than 10,000 people arrange and pay for sample
analyses and shipping

• PWS coordinates with an EPA-approved UCMR 6 laboratory

•	Register for a SDWARS account and complete pre-sampling
requirements (e.g.,sign notification letter, inventory, additional data
elements)

•	Laboratories post the data to SDWARS

•	PWS reviews and can act upon (e.g., approve) data in SDWARS

•	States have access to results following large PWS review period

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 45 of 419


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Potential Change Between
UCMR 5 and UCMR 6 Proposal

•	The agency anticipates maintaining the approach to rule applicability,
reporting timeframes for laboratories and PWSs, and Ground Water
Representative Monitoring Plan (GRWMP) flexibility

•	Potential/anticipated revisions (typical of each cycle)

•	Revised list of contaminants and associated methods

•	Sampling design considerations

•	Sampling frequency and locations based on contaminants selected

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 46 of 419


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UCMR 6 Anticipated Public

Engagement

Brenda Bowden
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 47 of 419


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UCMR 6 Anticipated Public Engagement Overview

•	Pre-proposal engagement

•	Method development update and request for comment

•	Public webinar

•	Tribal Consultation

•	State Consultation

•	Environmental Justice (EJ) considerations

•	Post-proposal public engagement

•	Public comment period

•	Public webinar

•	Post-final public engagement

•	Outreach, public webinars and trainings

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 48 of 419


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Pre-proposal: Method Development Update and

Request for Comment

• Published Federal Register Notice (FRN)

•	February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584)

•	Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on
the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation
that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other
future cycles of the UCMR program

•	Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods
summarized in the FRN

•	Announced the UCMR 6 pre-proposal webinar

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 49 of 419


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Pre-Proposal: Public Webinar

•	April 17 and 18, 2024 (identical meetings)

•	Provides background on statutory requirements

•	Summarizes method development for emerging contaminants

•	Discusses approaches to UCMR 6 development

•	Includes time for brief remarks by participants

•	Slides will be uploaded onto the UCMR webpage

•	https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-
monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 50 of 419


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Pre-Proposal: Tribal Consultation

•	Executive Order (EO) 13175

•	Consultation period: March 10 to June 20, 2024

•	The EPA holds an informational webinarto discuss UCMR 6 development and
requests comments by Tribal government representatives

•	May 20, 2024, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time

•	Information on the webinar and submitting comments can be found in the UCMR 6 Tribal
Official Notification Letter in TCOTS

•	Tribes may submit written comments via email at any point in the
consultation period

•	Summary of consultation efforts will be provided in the UCMR 6
docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469)

Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System (TCOTS):
https://tcots.epa. gov/ords/tcotspub/f?p=106:l

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 51 of 419


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Pre-Proposal: State Consultation

•	The EPA will hold a meeting to discuss UCMR 6 development
with state drinking water program representatives

•	The EPA welcomes input on:

•	What contaminants of emerging concern are a priority in your
state?

•	Are there any changes your state recommends to the UCMR
monitoring approach?

•	Summary of state/EPA consultation will be provided in the
UCMR 6 docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 52 of 419


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Pre-Proposal: Environmental Justice (EJ) Considerations

•	Consistent with EO 12898, the EPA is committed to considering and addressing
potential EJ concerns when developing UCMR 6

•	By seeking to identify unregulated contaminants that may pose health risks via
drinking water from PWSs across the country UCMR furthers the protection of
public health for all people, regardless of race, color, national origin, or income

• UCMR includes monitoring of a statistically derived set of small PWSs that is
population-weighted within each PWS size category in each state (under this
approach, Tribes (combined) and Territories (combined) are treated as equivalent
to a state). This, along with the census monitoring approach for larger PWSs,
ensures representation for the United States population

•	For UCMR 6, the EPA anticipates collecting Zip Code(s) for customers served by
each PWS, as has been done since UCMR 3, and is considering other data
collection options to support future assessments of whether or not certain
communities are disproportionately impacted by particular drinking water
contaminants

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 53 of 419


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Post-Proposal: Public Comment Period

Regulations.gov

Your Voice in Federal Decision Making

The EPA anticipates publishing
the UCMR 6 Proposal in
mid/late 2025.

• The EPA typically provides a 60-
day comment period

Docket (EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469) / Document

PROPOSED RULE

Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024

View More Documents 84	Share

Document Details

Content

^ Document ID

EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001

Action

&EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 54 of 419


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Post-Proposal: Public Webinar

•	The EPA anticipates hosting a public webinar during the
public comment period

• Expected to describe the UCMR 6 proposal and how to provide
public comments via the UCMR 6 docket

•	Examples of past meetings materials are on the UCMR
"Meetings and Materials" webpage

UCMR Meeting and Materials:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 55 of 419


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Post-Final Rule: Outreach, Webinars, and Trainings

•	The EPA anticipates that it will publish the UCMR 6 Final Rule
in late 2026

•	The agency expects to engage in outreach to help
stakeholders prepare for UCMR 6 implementation

•	Webinars between 2027-2028

•	Reviews the final rule and preparation for implementation

•	Describes the Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System
(SDWARS) and actions PWSs must take to prepare for UCMR 6
monitoring

•	Discusses accessing data and communicating results

•	Supporting documents and videos

Check out the UCMR 5 webpage for examples of current materials
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/fifth-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule

Access Results

•	UCMR 5 Data Finder

o UCMR 5 Data
Finder

Walkthrough
(video) G3

•	UCMR 5 Data
Summary

•	UCMR 5 Occurrence
Data Text Files (zip)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 56 of 419


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Break

*ปEPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 57 of 419


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General Guidelines Used in the
U.S. EPA Drinking Water Method
Development and Application

William A. Adams, Ph.D.

U.S. EPA

Standards and Risk Management Division
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Technical Support Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 58 of 419


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Overview

•	General drinking water
method development process

•	Methods development
update

	

Andrew W. Breidenbach Environmental Research Center Facility

Cincinnati, Ohio

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 59 of 419


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Drinking Water Method Attributes

•	Preservation

•	Dechlorination

•	Storage Stability/Hold Time
Studies

•	Quality Control

•	Quantitation Levels

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 60 of 419


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Method Development Considerations

•	Simplicity

•	Limit complicated steps

•	Relatively non-hazardous components

•	Ease of sample collection

•	Generally-available instrumentation

•	Data Quality

•	Focus on QC to ensure valid data

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 61 of 419


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Laboratory Quality Control

• Initial Demonstration of Capability
(IDC)

•	Demonstration of Low System Background

•	Precision and Accuracy

•	Confirmation of ability to quantify at
particular concentrations

•	Quality Control Sample (QCS) from Second
Source

Ongoing QC

•	Initial Calibration

•	Continuing Calibration Check (CCC)

•	Laboratory/Field Reagent Blank (LRB/FRB)

•	Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB)

•	Internal Standards (IS)

•	Surrogates Standards (SUR)

•	Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix and
Duplicates (LFSM, LFSMD)

•	QCS at intervals

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 62 of 419


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Target contaminant
selection

*

Instrument Optimization

•Based on scientific literature and

preliminary experiments
•Instrument: Analytical column,
eluent, temperature programs, flow,

injection volume, assays
•Detectors: Target contaminant MS
tuning, detector settings, probes



System Background -
Laboratory Reagent Blank
(LRB)

Storage Stability Study

•Tracks target contaminant
concentrations in preserved tap
water for 5 weeks



Precision and Accuracy
Measurements

•Accuracy: Low: 50-150%

Mid/High: 70-130%
•Precision: Low: <30%

Mid/High: <20%
•Analyzed in three matrixes



Calculate Laboratory's
Quantitation Limit

•Lowest Concentration Minimum

Reporting Level (LCMRL) - The
lowest true concentration for which
the future recovery is predicted to
fall between 50% to 150% with 99%
confidence

Multi-Laboratory
Demonstration

•At least two outside laboratories

*

EPA Review/
Clearance/Publication

Typical Method
Development

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Method Performance Data

•	Evaluation of Method Performance

•	Assesses method capability

•	Demonstrates ruggedness (national implementation)

•	Demonstration of Low System Background using a Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB)

•	Laboratory Quantitation Limit

•	LCMRL - the lowest true concentration, for which the future recovery is predicted to fall between
50% to 150% with 99% confidence

•	Precision and Accuracy Study in At Least Three Matrixes

•	Meet percent recovery (%Rec) and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) thresholds

•	Storage Stability Study

•	35-day study observing target contaminant loss over time

•	Multi-Laboratory Validation

•	At least two additional laboratories or sites evaluate method performance

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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General Method Flexibility

YES

•	Analytical columns

•	Instrument conditions

•	Detector conditions

•	Other consumables where allowed

NO

•	Sample preservation

•	OC requirements

•	Extraction procedure

•	General flexibilities can be superseded by specific information described in the
method text

•	Following any modification, the laboratory must verify method performance by
repeating IDC, verifying all OC in the method are met, and verifying method
performance in a representative sample matrix

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 65 of 419


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Method Development Update

• Published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584)

•	Outlined drinking water analytical methods for contaminants on
the CCL 5 and other emerging contaminants with an expectation
that some of these methods may support UCMR 6 and/or other
future cycles of the UCMR program

•	Requested comments on the drinking water analytical methods
summarized in the FRN

Federal Register Notice
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2024-02-08/pdf/2024-Q2247.pdf

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 66 of 419


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Request for Input on Methods for Emerging Contaminants

• The EPA requested information on the following on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584):

•	Method name and instrumentation

•	Status of the method {e.g., fully-developed, nearing completion, early development)

•	Emerging contaminant(s), particularly the CCL 5 contaminants, that can be analyzed with the drinking
water analytical method

•	Method performance information, such as sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision attainable for
the contaminant(s)

• Describe the degree to which the method performance has been validated

•	Cost, availability, and projected laboratory capacity

•	Citations for referenced analytical methods, including author(s), title, journal (or other publication),
and date

•	Contact information for the principal investigator, when available

EPA Method Validation and Peer Review Policies and Guidelines
https://www.epa.gov/measurements-modeling/method-validation-and-peer-review-policies-and-guidelines

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 67 of 419


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EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN

(slide 1 of 2)

• Drinking water analytical methods in development to address CCL 5 contaminants

•	Draft EPA Method 562 - Determination of selected pesticides in drinking water by solid
phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

•	Draft EPA Method for Purgeable Organics - Measurement of purgeable organic
compounds in water by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS)

•	Draft EPA Method for Legionella - Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila
quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection

•	Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium - Mycobacterium abscessus culture recovery with
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)

•	Draft EPA Method for Mycobacterium by qPCR- Mycobacterium avium and
Mycobacterium intracellular quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 68 of 419


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EPA Drinking Water Methods in Development - Outlined in FRN

(slide 2 of 2)

•	Drinking water analytical methods in development to address per- and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants

•	Draft EPA Method(s) for Targeted PFAS - The agency continues to conduct research and
monitor advances and techniques that may improve the ability to measure specific
PFAS

•	Draft EPA EOF Method - An aggregate/"total PFAS" technique with screening potential
for the determination of extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in drinking water by anion
exchange solid phase extraction and combustion ion chromatography (CIC)

•	Drinking water analytical methods in development to address other emerging
contaminants

•	Draft EPA Method for Microplastics - Analysis of microplastics in drinking water using
spectroscopic instrumentation

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 69 of 419


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Methods Request Feder Notice

(FRN) - Comment Summary

•	The EPA's FRN published on February 8, 2024 (89 FR 8584) requested comments
on methods by April 8, 2024 (though the agency continues to welcome input,
including today, and will consider it as schedules permit)

•	The EPA received 12 comments

•	The following contaminants were addressed by commenters: (six EPA methods,
eight EPA methods in development, three external stakeholder methods)

•	Chemicals - PFAS, microplastics, DBPs, 1,2,3-trichloropropane

•	Microbes - Legionella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium species

•	Other public interest contaminants - (i.e.,hexavalent chromium, 6PPD-quinone)

•	The EPA is currently reviewing comments

•	A summary of the comments will be provided in the UCMR 6 docket

Instructions for viewing the FRN and related comments can be found on slides 71-74.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 70 of 419


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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket

(slide 1 of 4)

To view comments:

1.	Go to

https://www.regulations.gov/

2.	Type the Docket ID No. EPA-HQ
OW-2023-0469 into the search
box

An official website of the United States Government. ฃg

Regulations.gov

Your Voice in Federal Decision Making

Make a difference. Snhmit yC.jr comments let vour voice be heard.

What's New on Regulations.gov

New features include the ability to download Agency, Docket, and Public Submission

ฉ Explore

i '

~Dl

-P

Comments Due Soon

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 71 of 419


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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket

(slide 2 of 4)

To view comments:

3. Select the "Hearings,

Meetings, Proceedings,
etc.: Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring
Rule" document

Search

EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469

X

Dockets

Documents

Comments

REFINE DOCUMENTS RESULTS @

SEARCH RESULTS

SORT BY Best Match -•

Only show documents open for
comment (1)

Document Type

Supporting & Related Material (83)
Proposed Rule (1)

Posted

DPOSED RULE

Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

^Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001

Comment

Comments Due Apr 8, 2024

SUPPORTING & RELATED MATERIAL

ASTM D3558 - 15 - Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water

Last 15 Days (84)

Agency Environmental Protection Agency Posted Feb 8, 2024 ID EPA-HQ-QW-2023-0469-0008

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 72 of 419


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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket

(slide 3 of 4)

To view comments:

4.	Select the "Browse

Posted Comments"
tab, which shows
every available
comment

5.	Select a comment to
download

PROPOSED RULE

Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024

View More Documents 84

View Related Comments 1

Share ~

Document Details

o

Browse Posted Comments 1

^ Document ID

EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001

^ Comments Received

12

More Details ฆป

Content

Action

Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting.

Summary

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging

&EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 73 of 419


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Reviewing Public Comments in the UCMR 6 Docket

(slide 4 of 4)

To view related UCMR
6 documents:

1. Select the "View

More Documents"
button

PROPOSED RULE

Hearings, Meetings, Proceedings, etc.: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

Posted by the Environmental Protection Agency on Feb 8, 2024

^^iewMore Documents

View Related Comments 1	Share -ป•

Document Details	ฆ Browse Posted Comments 1

^ Document ID

EPA-HQ-OW-2023-0469-0001

^ Comments Received

12

More Details ~

Content

Action

Request for public comment and notice of a public meeting.

Summary

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting public input on drinking water analytical methods for emerging

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 74 of 419


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Anticipated Process for
Approval of Laboratories
Supporting UCMR 6

Paul Grimmett
U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 75 of 419


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Overview

•	Applying for EPA approval to support UCMR

•	Maintaining approval

•	Multi-Laboratory UCMR Minimum Reporting Level (MRL)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 76 of 419


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General Expectations

•	Laboratory Approval Program expected to be similar to the process used for previous
UCMR cycles

•	Only EPA approved laboratories can analyze UCMR samples collected at PWSs

•	Approval is by method and by individual laboratory locations

•	A laboratory may apply for approval for any method(s)

•	The EPA anticipates that each laboratory analyzing samples from small PWSs (under contract to
EPA) will be required to be approved for all UCMR 6 methods.

•	Laboratories need to meet:

•	UCMR 6 approval program criteria

•	Required equipment criteria

•	Laboratory performance criteria

•	Data reporting requirements (including text file format requirements for SDWARS)

•	The agency expects that laboratories supporting UCMR 6 will need to be approved under
the EPA's program for the UCMR 6 methods, irrespective of whether they are
certified/accredited by a state

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 77 of 419


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Laboratory Approval General Procedure

• Upon publication of the UCMR 6 proposal, anticipated in mid/late 2025,
the EPA expects to initiate its UCMR 6 Laboratory Approval Program,
which includes the following:

•	Step 1: Laboratory submits request for registration materials

•	Step 2: Laboratory completes registration

•	Step 3: Laboratory completes application package(s)

•	Step 4: EPA reviews application package(s)

•	Step 5: Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies)

•	Step 6: EPA sends written approval to successful laboratory

Reference - Laboratory Approval Program for UCMR 5:
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/laboratorv-approval-program-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-5

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 78 of 419


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Step 1 - Request to Participate

•	Interested laboratories submit a written request to the UCMR
Laboratory Approval Coordinator at UCMR Lab Approval(g)epa.gov

•	The EPA provides registration material

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Step 2 - Registration

•	Laboratory completes registration materials, which typically includes:

•	List of the UCMR methods, for which the laboratory sought approval

•	Laboratory information

•	Mailing and shipping address

•	Contact information

•	The EPA provides a custom application package based on registration
information, along with a copy of the Laboratory Approval Manual

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Step 3 - Application Package

• Laboratory completes application package(s)

•	Separate application for each method

•	Application package typically includes:

•	Proof of current drinking water laboratory certification (for select compliance monitoring
methods)

•	Personnel information

•	Quality Assurance (QA) information

•	Information regarding analytical equipment and sample handling procedures

•	Data submission for each method (e.g., Initial Demonstration of Capability (IDC) study,
Quality Control (QC) sample results, quantification reports)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide si of 419


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Step 4 - Review of Application Package

• The EPA reviews application package(s)

•	If deficiencies are identified the agency gives the laboratory an opportunity to
take corrective actions and submit new application information

•	If all requested information is present and acceptable, the EPA notifies the
laboratory that they are eligible to participate in corresponding proficiency
testing (PT) studies

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Step 5 - Proficiency Testing

•	The EPA provides method-specific PT samples

•	Laboratory participates in Proficiency Testing (PT) study(ies):

•	Analyze PT sample(s) for each contaminant and method

•	Successfully report PT data to SDWARS using text file format

•	No PT studies are anticipated after monitoring begins but audits are expected
during monitoring

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 83 of 419


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Step 6 - Written EPA Approval

•	After successful participation in a PT study for a specific method, the
EPA notifies the laboratory in writing

•	The EPA posts a list of approved laboratories and associated methods
at: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Laboratory Approval Manual

•	Procedures for obtaining UCMR approval and for revocation of approval

•	QA requirements

•	QC requirements

•	Verification of ability to meet the EPA's quantitation requirements (Method MRL
Confirmation for multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs)

•	Initial demonstration of capability

•	Initial calibration

•	Continuing calibration checks

•	Surrogate and internal standard criteria

•	Reagent blanks and fortified blanks

•	QC samples

•	Spiked field samples

•	Field blank criteria (if required by the method)

•	Sample handling requirements

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 85 of 419


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Typical Criteria for Maintaining Approval

•	Adhere to QA/QC measures in the methods, rule language, and
the Laboratory Approval Manual

•	Post occurrence data and required QC data via SDWARS within
prescribed timeframe

•	Respond to inquires or requests from the Laboratory Approval
Coordinator

•	Participate and pass on-site and/or paper audits

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs

•	The multi-laboratory UCMR MRLs are established:

•	Using pooled data from multiple laboratories that performed the "Lowest
Concentration Minimum Reporting Level" (LCMRL) studies to identify their
quantitation capability

• The EPA set quantifiable reporting limits based on pooled LCMRL results from a multi-
laboratory study

•	To achieve quality and consistency across all UCMR laboratories, while
allowing for appropriate national laboratory capacity

•	As low as is feasible (generally); with the EPA's goal to set them lower than
current health reference levels (HRLs) and health advisory concentrations

•	The EPA will consider raising UCMR MRLs if there is evidence that an
MRL is unattainable/impractical

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRLs

•	The Multi-Laboratory UCMR MRL is the lowest quantitation level that,
with 95% confidence, can be achieved by capable analysts at 75% or
more of the laboratories nationwide using a specified drinking water
analytical method

•	Each single-laboratory lowest concentration MRL (LCMRL) is the
lowest true concentration for which the future recovery is predicted
to fall, with high confidence (99%), between 50 and 150% recovery

• Simultaneous application of precision and accuracy

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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UCMR 6 Candidate Prioritization and

Rationale

Rachel Kaiser, Ph.D.

U.S. EPA

Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Standards and Risk Management Division
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Branch

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Overview

•	Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5) contaminants

•	UCMR candidate selection process and rationale

•	Method considerations

•	Health and occurrence data and sources

•	Contaminant specific information by method

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5)

•	CCL 5 was published on November 14, 2022 (87 FR 68060)

•	Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0594 at https://www.regulations.gov/

•	CCL 5 Approach

•	Build Universe

•	Screen - Preliminary CCL (PCCL) (starting point for UCMR 6 "universe")

•	CCL 5 Contaminant Information Sheets (CISs)

•	Contains health effects and occurrence data collected through December 2019 for
contaminants

•	CCL Classification

The Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) Approach
https://www.epa.gov/ccl/overview-ccl-5-approach

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 91 of 419


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PCCL 5 Individual Chemical

Contaminants (slide 1 of 2)

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

Acephate

Bisphenol A

Cobalt (UCMR 3)

EPTC (UCMR 1)

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)

Acetamiprid

Boron

Cotinine

Esfenvalerate

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Boscalid

Cycloate

Ethalfluralin

1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3)

Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2)

Bromacil

Cyfluthrin

Ethion

1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-)

Acetophenone

Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011) (UCMR 3)

Cyhalothrin

Ethoprop (UCMR 4)

1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3)

Acrolein

Bromoxynil

Cypermethrin

Famoxadone

17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3)

Acyclovir

Bupropion

Cyprodinil

Fenbuconazole

17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3)

Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Butyl benzyl phthalate

Deethylatrazine

Fenitrothion

1-Butanol (UCMR 4)

Alachlor OA (UCMR 2)

Caffeine

Desisopropyl atrazine

Fenpropathrin

1-O-Benzoylhexopyranuronic acid

Aldrin

Calcium

Desvenlafaxine

Fenthion

1-Phenylacetone

alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4)

Camphor

Diazepam

Fexofenadine

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB) Ametryn

Carbamazepine

Diazinon1 (UCMR 1)

Fipronil

2,4-Dichlorophenol1 (UCMR 1)

Ammonia

Carbaryl

Dicamba

Fluconazole

2,4-Dinitrophenol1 (UCMR 1)

Androstenedione (UCMR 3)

Carbendazim

Dichlorvos

Flufenacet

2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)

Anthraquinone

Carbon disulfide

Dicrotophos

Fluometuron

2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)

Atenolol

Chlordecone (kepone)

Dieldrin

Fluoranthene

2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4)

Azoxyst robin

Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) (UCMR 3)

Diethyl phthalate

Fluoxetine

2-Hydroxyatrazine

Benfluralin

Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) (UCMR 3)

Difenoconazole

Galaxolide

2-Methylnaphthalene

Bensulide

Chlorothalonil

Dimethenamid

Gemfibrozil

3-Monoacetyl morphine

Bentazon

Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4)

Dimethenamid OA

Heroin

4-tert-Octylphenol

Benzoic acid

Clomazone

Dimethoate (UCMR 2)

Hexazinone

6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

Benzophenone

Clopyralid

Di-n-butyl phthalate

Hippuric acid

6-Monoacetyl morphine

Bifenthrin

Clothianidin

Diuron1 (UCMR 1)

Hydromorphone

1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.

EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 92 of 419


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PCCL 5 Individual Chemical
Contaminants (slide 2 of 2)

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

Hydromorphone-3-glucuronide

MCPP

Nonylphenol

Propargite

Terbacil (UCMR 1)

Hydroxyamphetamide

Meprobamate

Norflurazon

Propazine

Terbufos1 (UCMR 1)

Imazalil

Metalaxyl

Oxadiazon

Propiconazole

Testosterone (UCMR 3)

Imazapyr

Metformin

Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4)

Propoxur

Tetraconazole

Imazaquin

Methamphetamine

p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1)

Prosulfuron

Thiabendazole

Imazethapyr

Methocarbamol

p-Cresol

Pymetrozine

Thiamethoxam

Imidacloprid

Methomyl

Pendimethalin

Pyraclost robin

Thiobencarb

Indoxacarb

Methylbenzotriazole

Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4)

Pyrene

Thiram

Iprodione

Methylmercury

Phenanthrene

Pyridaben

Tin

Isodrin

Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Phenol

Quinoline (UCMR 4)

Tri-allate

Isophorone

Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2)

Phenylpropanolamine

Silicon

Tribufos (UCMR 4)

Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)

Metoprolol

Phorate

Sitagliptin

Tributyl phosphate

Isoxaflutole

Metribuzin

Phosmet

Sodium

Triclopyr

Lactofen

Molybdenum (UCMR 3)

Phosphorus

Sulfamethoxazole

Triclosan

lambda-Cyhalothrin

Morphine

Phostebupirim

Sulfentrazone

Triethyl citrate

Lidocaine

Morphine-3-glucuronide

Piperonyl butoxide

Sulfometuron-methyl

Trifloxyst robin

Linuron1 (UCMR 1)

Morphine-6-glucuronide

Potassium

Tamoxifen

Trifluralin

Lithium (UCMR 5)

MTBE (UCMR 1)

Profenofos (UCMR 4)

Tris(2-butoxylethyl) phosphate (TBEP)

Tungsten

Loratadine

Myclobutanil

Prometon1 (UCMR 1)

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)

Vanadium (UCMR 3)

Magnesium

Naled

Prometryn

Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP)

Verapamil

Malathion

Naphthalene

Pronamide

Tebuconazole (UCMR 4)



Manganese (UCMR 4)

Nicotine

Propachlor

Tebuthiuron



MCPA

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

Propanil

Tefluthrin

1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 93 of 419


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PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant

Groups (slide 1 of 2)

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

Disinfectant Byproduct (DBP) Group

HALOACETIC ACIDS

IODINATED
TRIHALOMETHANES

NITROSAMINES

Bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) (UCMR
4)

Bromochloroiodomethane (BCIM)

Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) (UCMR 2)

Bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA)

(UCMR 4)

Bromodiiodomethane (BDIM)

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (UCMR
2)

Dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA)

(UCMR 4)

Chlorodiiodomethane (CDIM)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

(UCMR 2)

Tribromoacetic acid (TBAA) (UCMR 4)

Dibromoiodomethane (DBIM)

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA)

(UCMR 2)

HALOACETONITRILES

Dichloroiodomethane (DCIM)

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA)

Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN)

Iodoform (triiodomethane, TIM)

Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) (UCMR 2)

Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN)



OTHERS

HALONITROM ETHANES

Chlorate (UCMR 3)

Bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM)

Formaldehyde

Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane,
TCNM)



Dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM)

EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Cyanotoxin Group12

Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4)

Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4)

Saxitoxin

MICROCYSTES

Microcystin LA (UCMR 4)

Microcystin LR (UCMR 4)

Microcystin RR (UCMR 4)

Microcystin YR (UCMR 4)

1	As defined by the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5):
"Toxins naturally produced and released by some species of
cyanobacteria (previously known as "blue-green algae"). The
group of cyanotoxins includes, but is not limited to: anatoxin-
a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystins, and saxitoxin."

2	The CCL 5 does not list specific microcystins. The microcystins
listed above are microcystins with available drinking water
analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support
Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL
5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists microcystin LW.

Office of Water

Slide 94 of 419


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PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminant

Grouns (^hhp ? nf

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) Group12

ll-Chloroperfluoro-3-oxaundecanesulfonic acid (HCI-PF30UdS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (UCMR 5)

2-(N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NEtFOSAA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) (UCMR 5)

2-(N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)acetic acid (NMeFOSAA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) (UCMR 5)

4,8-Dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) (UCMR 5)

4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (UCMR 5)

6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (UCMR 5)

8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (UCMR 5)

9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-l-sulfonic acid (9CI-PF30NS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (UCMR 5)

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO DA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (UCMR 5)

Nonafluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid (NFDHA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoro(4-methoxybutanoic acid) (PFMBA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoro-2-ethoxyethanesulfonic acid (PFEESA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid (PFMPA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) (UCMR 5)

Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) (UCMR 5)

Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (UCMR 5)



1	As defined in the final Contaminant Candidate List 5 (CCL 5): "For the purpose of CCL 5, the structural definition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) includes chemicals that contain at least
one of these three structures (except for PFOA and PFOS which are already in the regulatory process):

1.	R-(CF2)-CF(R')R", where both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen

2.	R-CF20CF2-R', where both the CF2 moieties are saturated carbons, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen

3.	CF3C(CF3)RR', where all the carbons are saturated, and none of the R groups can be hydrogen"

2	The CCL 5 does not list specific PFAS. The EPA recognizes that this slide only captures a subset of thousands of PFAS compounds encompassed in the CCL 5 structural definition. The PFAS listed above
are PFAS with available drinking water analytical methods. Appendix D of the "Technical Support Document for the Final Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5) - Chemical Contaminants" also lists
ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), which do not have available analytical methods.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 95 of 419


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PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants

BOLD: Contaminants on

Contaminants Previously

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with

CCL 5

Monitored in UCMRs

Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

Acinetobocter boumannii

Enterovirus2 (UCMR 3)

Naegleria fo wleri

Adenovirus

Escherichia coli (0157)

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

Aeromonas hydrophila1

Exophiala jeanselmei

Pantoea agglomerans

Arcobocter butzleri

Fusarium solani

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Aspergillus fumigatus group

Helicobacter pylori

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Astrovirus

Hepatitis A virus

Rotavirus

Blastocystis hominis

Hepatitis E virus

Salmonella enterica

Caliciviruses

Isospora belli

Shigella sonnei

Campylobacter jejuni

Legionella pneumophila

Toxoplasma gondii

Comanonas testosteroni

Microsporidia

Vibrio cholerae

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Mycobacterium abscessus

Yersinia enterocolitica

Entamoeba histolytica

Mycobacterium avium



1	Aeromonas genus was monitored in UCMR 1.

2	Enterovirus was monitored in UCMR 3. UCMR 3 also monitored for rotavirus, which is not listed on PCCL 5.

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 96 of 419


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PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development

BOLD: Contaminants
CCL 5

on Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

(slide 1 of 2)

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

Bisphenol A

DBAN

Ethoprop (UCMR 4)

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)

8:2FTS (UCMR 5)

Boron

DBCAA (UCMR 4)

Fipronil

1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene

9CI-PF30NS (UCMR 5)

Bromacil

DCAN

Flufenacet

1,3-Butadiene (UCMR 3)

Acephate

Bromoxynil

Deethylatrazine

Fluometuron

1,3-Dichloropropene

Acetochlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Butyl benzyl phthalate

Desisopropyl atrazine

Fluoranthene

1,4-Dioxane (UCMR 3)

Acetochlor OA (UCMR 2)

Caffeine

Diazepam

Fluoxetine

HCI-PF30UdS (UCMR 5)

ADONA (UCMR 5)

Calcium

Diazinon (UCMR 1)

Formaldehyde

17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol (UCMR 3)

Alachlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Carbamazepine

Dicamba

Gemfibrozil

17-beta estradiol (UCMR 3)

Alachlor OA (UCMR 2)

Carbaryl

Dichlorvos

Halon 1011 (UCMR 3)

1-Butanol (UCMR 4)

Aldrin

Carbendazim

Dicrotophos

HCFC-22 (UCMR 3)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB)

alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane (UCMR 4)

Carbon disulfide

Dieldrin

Hexazinone

2,4-Dichlorophenol (UCMR 1)

Ametryn

Chlorate (UCMR 3)

Diethyl phthalate

HFPO DA (UCMR 5)

2,4-Dinitrophenol (UCMR 1)

Anatoxin-a (UCMR 4)

Chlordecone

Dimethenamid OA

Iprodione

2,4-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)

Androstenedione (UCMR 3)

Chlorothalonil

Dimethoate (UCMR 2)

Isophorone

2,6-Dinitrotoluene (UCMR 1)

BCAA (UCMR 4)

Chlorpyrifos (UCMR 4)

Di-n-butyl phthalate

Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)

2-Aminotoluene (UCMR 4)

BDCAA (UCMR 4)

Clothianidin

Diuron (UCMR 1)

Lactofen

4:2FTS (UCMR 5)

Bensulide

Cobalt (UCMR 3)

EPTC (UCMR 1)

Linuron (UCMR 1)

4-tert-Octylphenol

Bentazon

Cycloate

Esfenvalerate

Lithium (UCMR 5)

6:2FTS (UCMR 5)

Bifenthrin

Cylindrospermopsin (UCMR 4)

Ethion

Magnesium

vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 97 of 419


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PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

(slide 2 of 2)

Malathion

NDPA (UCMR 2)

PFHxA (UCMR 5)

Prometryn

Thiobencarb

Manganese (UCMR 4)

NEtFOSAA (UCMR 5)

PFHxS (UCMR 5)

Pronamide

Tin

MCPA

NFDHA (UCMR 5)

PFMBA (UCMR 5)

Propachlor

Tribufos (UCMR 4)

MCPP

NMeFOSAA (UCMR 5)

PFMPA (UCMR 5)

Propanil

Triclosan

Methomyl

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

PFNA (UCMR 5)

Propazine

Trifluralin

Methyl chloride (UCMR 3)

Nonylphenol

PFOA (UCMR 5)

Propoxur

Vanadium (UCMR 3)

Metolachlor ESA (UCMR 2)

Norflurazon

PFOS (UCMR 5)

Pyrene



Metolachlor OA (UCMR 2)

NPYR (UCMR 2)

PFPeA (UCMR 5)

Quinoline (UCMR 4)



Metribuzin

Oxyfluorfen (UCMR 4)

PFPeS (UCMR 5)

Silicon



Microcystin LA (UCMR 4)

PFAS Group

PFTA (UCMR 5)

Sodium



Microcystin LR (UCMR 4)

p,p'-DDE (UCMR 1)

PFTrDA (UCMR 5)

Sulfamethoxazole



Microcystin RR (UCMR 4)

Permethrin (cis- & trans-) (UCMR 4)

PFUnA (UCMR 5)

TBAA (UCMR 4)



Microcystin YR (UCMR 4)

PFBA (UCMR 5)

Phenanthrene

TCNM



Molybdenum (UCMR 3)

PFBS (UCMR 5)

Phenol

Tebuconazole (UCMR 4)



MTBE (UCMR 1)

PFDA (UCMR 5)

Phorate

Tebuthiuron

Naphthalene

PFDoA (UCMR 5)

Phosphorus

Terbacil (UCMR 1)



NDBA (UCMR 2)

PFEESA (UCMR 5)

Potassium

Terbufos (UCMR 1)



NDEA (UCMR 2)

PFHpA (UCMR 5)

Profenofos (UCMR 4)

Testosterone (UCMR 3)



NDMA (UCMR 2)

PFHpS (UCMR 5)

Prometon (UCMR 1)

Thiamethoxam





E

United States
Hll Environmental Protection
1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 98 of 419


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PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in
Development1

Enterovirus (UCMR 3)

Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium avium

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

Contaminants Previously
Monitored in UCMRs

Contaminants Not Yet Monitored with
Method(s)/EPA Method(s) In Development

Naegleria fowleri

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Salmonella enterica

Office of Water

Slide 99 of 419


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PCCL 5 Contaminants Monitored in Previous UCMRs

UCMR 1

UCMR 2

UCMR 3

UCMR 4

UCMR 5

2,4-Dichlorophenol1

Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)

1,2,3-Trichloropropane

l-Butanol

Microcystin LA

HCI-PF30UdS

PFEESA

2,4-Dinitrophenol1

Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA)

1,3-Butadiene

2-Aminotoluene (o-
Toluidine)

Microcystin LR

4:2FTS

PFHpA

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)

1,4-Dioxane

alpha-

Hexachlorocyclohexane

Microcystin RR

6:2FTS

PFHpS

2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA)

17-alpha-ethynyl estradiol

Anatoxin-a

Microcystin YR

8:2FTS

PFHxA

Diazinon1

Dimethoate

17-beta estradiol

Bromochloroacetic acid
(BCAA)

Oxyfluorfen

9CI-PF30NS

PFHxS

Diuron1

Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)

4-Androstene-3,17-dione

Bromodichloroacetic acid
(BDCAA)

Permethrin (cis- & trans-)

ADONA

PFMBA

Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate
(EPTC)

Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA)

Bromochloromethane (Halon 1011)

Chlorpyrifos

Profenofos

HFPO DA

PFMPA

Linuron1

Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)

Chlorate

Cylindrospermopsin

Quinoline

Lithium

PFNA

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR)

Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)

Dibromochloroacetic acid
(DBCAA)

Tebuconazole

NEtFOSAA

PFOA

p,p'-DDE(4,4'-DDE)

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)

Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)

Ethoprop

Tribromoacetic acid
(TBAA)

NFDHA

PFOS

Prometon1

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

Cobalt

Manganese

Tribufos

NMeFOSAA

PFPeA

Terbacil

N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA)

Enterovirus





PFBA

PFPeS

Terbufos1



Molybdenum





PFBS

PFTA





Testosterone





PFDA

PFTrDA





Vanadium









1These contaminants were included in UCMR 1 as a Screening Survey (SS), which was not intended to be nationally representative of drinking water. Screening Surveys in following UCMR cycles
are designed to be nationally representative.	

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 100 of 419


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PCCL 5 Chemical Contaminants Not Yet Monitored With Method(s)/EPA
Method(s) in Development1

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (EPA 502.2, 524.2,
524.3,524.4)

Carbendazim (EPA In Development 562)

Fluometuron (EPA 532)

Phenol (EPA 528)

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (EPA 502.2, 504.1, 524.2,
524.3,524.4,551.1)

Carbon disulfide (EPA524.2,524.3,524.4)

Fluoranthene (EPA 550, 550.1)

Phorate (EPA525.3)

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (epa 502.2,524.2,
524.3,524.4)

Chlordecone (EPA 527*, In Development 562)

Fluoxetine (EPA 542)

Phosphorus (EPA 200.7)

1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) (502.2,
524.2, 524.3, 524.4)

Chlorothalonil (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)

Formaldehyde2 (EPA 554,556.1)

Potassium (EPA200.7)

2,4-DB (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555)

Clothia nid in (EPA In Development 562)

Gemfibrozil (EPA 542)

Prometryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527)

4-tert-Octylphenol (559)

Cycloate (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3)

Hexazinone (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527)

Pronamide (EPA525.2,525.3)

6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (523, 536)

DBAN2 (EPA551.1)

Iprodione (EPA In Development 562)

Propachlor (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)

Acephate (EPA 538)

DCAN2 (EPA551.1)

Isophorone (EPA 525.2,525.3)

Propanil (EPA 532)

Aldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)

Deethylatrazine (EPA 523,536)

Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) (EPA 502.2,524.2, 524.3,524.4)

Propazine (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 536)

Ametryn (EPA 507, 523, 525.2, 525.3)

Desisopropyl atrazine (EPA523,536)

Lactofen (EPA 515.3**, 515.4**)

Propoxur (EPA 531.1, 531.2)

Bensulide (EPA 540,543)

Diazepam (EPA542)

Magnesium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)

Pyrene (EPA 525.2, 525.3, 550, 550.1)

Bentazon (EPA 515.3, 515.4, 555)

Dicamba (EPA515.3, 515.4, 555)

Malathion (EPA 527)

Silicon (SM 3111 D)

Bifenthrin (EPA 527)

Dichlorvos (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3)

MCPA (EPA 555)

Sodium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)

Bisphenol A (SM 6810 B)

Dicrotophos (EPA 538)

MCPP (EPA 555)

Sulfamethoxazole (EPA542)

Boron (EPA 200.7)

Dieldrin (EPA 505, 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3)

Methomyl (EPA 531.1, 531.2, 540)

TCNM2 (EPA 551.1)

Bromacil (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527, 551.1)

Diethyl phthalate (EPA 506, 525.2,525.3)

Metribuzin (EPA 507, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1)

Tebuthiuron (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 532)

Bromoxynil (EPA In Development 562)

Dimethenamid OA (EPA535)

Naphthalene (EPA502.2, 524.2, 524.3, 524.4, 550, 550.1)

Thiamethoxam (EPA In Development 562)

Butyl benzyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3)

Di-n-butyl phthalate (EPA506,525.2, 525.3)

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (525.3)

Thiobencarb (EPA527)

Caffeine (SM 6810 B)

Esfenvalerate (EPA527*)

Nonylphenol (EPA559)

Tin (EPA 200.5, 200.7, 200.9)

Calcium (EPA 200.5, 200.7)

Ethion (EPA 525.3)

Norflurazon (EPA 507, 525.2, 525.3, 527*)

Triclosan (EPA542)

Carbamazepine (EPA 542)

Fipronil (EPA In Development 562)

PFAS Group (EOF)

Trifluralin (EPA 508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 551.1)

Carbaryl (EPA 531.1,531.2)

Flufenacet (EPA In Development 562)

Phenanthrene (EPA525.2, 525.3,550,550.1)



1	Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM) and Standard Methods (SM). The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before
UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.

2	Analytical methods have been published for these four disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) but they have not been monitored in earlier UCMR cycles.

* EPA method 527: There are potential method analysis issues with these compounds

** EPA method 515.3 and 515.4: The herbicide Lactofen will be quantitated as Acifluorfen as their structures represent different esters of the same carboxylate moiety

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	Slide 101 of 419


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PCCL 5 Microbial Contaminants Not Yet Monitored
with Method(s)/EPA Method(s) in Development1

Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21
(Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS 12869:2019)

Naegleriafowleri (sm 9750 - Proposed)

Mycobacterium abscessus (EPA In Development)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (astm D5246-19, sm 9213 e, sm 9213

F, SM 9213 G)

Mycobacterium avium (EPA In Development)

Salmonella enterica (epa sap 600/R-10/133)

1 Voluntary consensus standards body (VCSB) methods are also listed, including ASTM International (ASTM), Standard Methods (SM), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
methods. UCMB has not yet evaluated these methods for UCMR 6 purposes. The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates
for future UCMR cycles.

BOLD: Contaminants on
CCL 5

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process

184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non
PCCL 5 contaminants

93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method
related non-PCCL 5 contaminants

(slide 1 of 2)

r





Consider other priority
contaminants and
nominations

Contaminant selection first considers contaminants
on the PCCL 51 (individual contaminants and
groups) with a drinking water analytical method
completed or near completion
Other contaminants within the scope of analytical
methods for PCCL 5 contaminants are also
considered

In Step 2, the EPA generally focuses on the subset of
Step 1 that were not monitored for in a previous
UCMR cycle

Up to 30
Contaminants

1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain.

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 103 of 419


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UCMR 6 Contaminant Prioritization Process

(slide 2 of 2)



184 PCCL contaminants1 + method related non
PCCL 5 contaminants

93 contaminants on PCCL 5 + method
related non-PCCL 5 contaminants

25 CCL 5 + 43 PCCL 5
contaminants = 68
[18 methods]

Consider other priority
contaminants and
nominations

Up to 30
Contaminants

O

e

In Step 3 the EPA considers the subset of Step 2 contaminants

that:

•	Have an available health assessment to facilitate regulatory
determinations

•	Have critical health endpoints, are probable carcinogens,
are active pesticides

•	Have potential for widespread occurrence in drinking water
based on use, production, or release data

In Step 4, based on workgroup discussion, the contaminant list
will be narrowed down, and potential additional contaminants
will be considered based on workgroup discussion,
consultations, agency priorities.

In the final step, the EPA identifies up to 30 contaminants to be
included n the UCMR 6 proposal and invites pubi c comment.

1 All PCCL 5 contaminants were considered. When only considering contaminants with analytical methods, 184 contaminants remain.

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 104 of 419


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Other Considerations: Revisions to the Microbial and

Disinfectant Byproduct Rules

•	The EPA is currently examining opportunities to enhance protection against microbes and
disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) through revisions to the suite of Microbial and
Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) Rules

• The agency anticipates finalizing the revisions to the MDBP rules in accordance with the dates in
the Settlement Agreement between EPA and Waterkeeper Alliance

•	Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, No. l:19-cv- 00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020)

• Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OGC-2020-0140-0001 at https://www.regulations.gov/

•	Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0486 at https://www.regulations.gov/

•	The UCMR 6 timeframe is such that the agency does not expect that the resulting
occurrence data could meaningfully inform MDBP revisions. Further, the EPA recognizes
that any data collected under UCMR 6 would not reflect conditions at PWSs after any
regulatory revisions become effective (because water quality would be expected to
change as a result of PWSs complying with such regulatory revisions).

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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DBPs and Microbes Potentially Addressed by Revisions to

the MDBP Rules

•	DBPs:

•	CCL5

•	Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane, TCNM) (EPA 551.1)

•	Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) (EPA 551.1)

•	Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) (EPA 551.1)

•	Formaldehyde (EPA 554, EPA 556.1)

•	Microbes:

•	CCL5:

•	Legionella pneumophila (EPA In Development, ASTM D8429-21 (Legiolert), ISO 11731:2017, ISO/TS
12869:2019)

•	Mycobacterium species (EPA In Development)

•	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SM 9213 E, F, G)

•	Naegleriafowleri (SM 9750J

•	PCCL5

•	Salmonella enterica (EPA SAP 600/R-10/133)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 106 of 419


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UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being

Considered (slide 1 of 3)

Table Key

CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored

EPA Method 200.7

Boron

EPA Method 523

6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

(Atrazine-desethyl-desisopropyl)

Desethylatrazine (Atrazine-desethyl)

Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine-

desisopropyl)

Propazine

Ametryn

Prometryn

EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.4

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,3-Dichloropropene (cjs_ & trans-)

Carbon disulfide
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
Naphthalene

EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

EPA Method 515.3, 515.4

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid

(2,4-DB)

Bentazon

Dicamba

Lactofen

EPA Method 527

Malathion

Norflurazon

Propazine

Bifenthrin

Bromacil

Esfenvalerate

Hexazinone

Prometryn

Thiobencarb

EPA Method 525.2, 525.3

Norflurazon

Hexazinone

Phorate

Isophorone

Propazine

Metribuzin

Ametryn

N,N-Diethyl-m-
toluamide (DEET)

Bromacil

Phenanthrene

Butyl benzyl
phthalate

Prometryn

Chlorothalonil

Pronamide

Cycloate

Pyrene

Dichlorvos

Tebuthiuron

Diethyl phthalate

Trifluralin

Di-n-butyl phthalate

Office of Water

Slide 107 of 419


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UCMR 6: Contaminants and Methods Being

Considered (slide 2 of 3)

Table Key

CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored

EPA Method 528

Phenol

EPA Method 531.1, 531.2

Carbaryl

Methomyl

Propoxur

EPA Method 532

Fluometuron

Propanil

Tebuthiuron

EPA Method 535

EPA Method 555

2-(2-Methyl-4-
chlorophenoxy)propionic
acid (MCPP)

2-Methyl-4-

chlorophenoxyacetic acid
(MCPA)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric

acid (2,4-DB)

Bentazon

Dicamba

EPA Method 538

Acephate
Dicrotophos

EPA Method 540

Bensulide
Methomyl

EPA Method 550, 550.1

Fluoranthene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene

EPA Method 559

Nonylphenol
4-tert-Octylphenol

EPA Method 542

Carbamazepine

Diazepam

Fluoxetine

Gemfibrozil

Sulfamethoxazole

Triclosan

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide ios of 419


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EPA Methods in Development1 for UCMR 6:
Contaminants Being Considered (slides^)

Table Key

CCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
PCCL 5 Not Yet Monitored
CCL 5 Previously Monitored

Draft EPA Method 562

Bromoxynil

Carbendazim

Fipronil

Flufenacet

Iprodione

Thiamethoxam

Clothianidin

Draft EPA Method
Purgeable Organic Compounds2

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (UCMR 3)

1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles. Refer to slides (68-69) for more information about
additional method development work (e.g., PFAS methods and microplastics).

21,2,3-trichloropropane was previously monitored in UCMR 3 using EPA Method 524.3. The method in development is targeting a lower minimum reporting level (MRL).

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 109 of 419


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Data Availability for UCMR 6 Contaminants Being

Considered

For each method, the sets of slides that follow will address the
following for the 68 contaminants across 18 methods being
considered:

•	Method number/technology type/name

•	PCCL 5 or CCL 5 listing status

•	Availability of an EPA health assessment

•	Availability of occurrence data

•	National and non-national

•	Finished drinking water and ambient water

Specific contaminant details are in Appendices A and B

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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EPA Health Data Sources

(slide 1 of 2)

•	Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)

•	https://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=chemicalsearch:l

•	Office of Research and Development (ORD)

•	Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) https://iris.epa.gov/AtoZ/Plist type=alpha

•	Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) https://www.epa.gov/pprtv/provisional-peer-
reviewed-toxicity-values-pprtvs-assessments

•	Office of Water Health Advisories (HAs) or Health Effect Support Documents (HESDs)

•	https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/epa-non-regulatory-health-based-drinking-water-levels

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Other Health Data Sources

(slide 2 of 2)

•	Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

•	https://www.atsdr.cdc.gOv/az/a.html

•	World Health Organization (WHO)

•	https://www.who.int/gho/en/

•	Health Canada Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada)

•	https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-
Fiealth/reports-publicat ons/water-qualitv/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-
qualitv-summary-table.html

•	California Environmental Protection Agency's (CalEPA) Public Health Goals (PHGs)

•	https://oehha.ca.gov/water/public-health-goals-phgs

•	Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) Human Health-Based Water Guidance Table

•	https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/risk/guidance/gw/table.
html

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Occurrence Data Sources

(slide 1 of 2)

Finished Drinking Water Data

•	Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) (2001 - current)

•	Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) Round 1 and 2 (1988 -1997)

•	National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) (1984-1986)

•	U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP)

•	Small-Scale Local Occurrence Studies

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 113 of 419


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Occurrence Data Sources

(slide 2 of 2)

Supplemental Drinking Water and Ambient Water Data

•	U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ambient Water

•	National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA)

•	National Water Information System (NWIS)

•	Special reports

•	U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP)

•	Other specialized studies and literature

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Metals

EPA Method 200.71 (ICP-AES), 1994

Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic

Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Contaminant Name

PCCL 5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Boron2

CCL 5

Yes

National finished3 and ambient water

1	Additional PCCL 5 contaminants are also included in this method scope. These include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and tin.

2	Boron also has available Standard Methods (SM): SM 3120 B, SM 4500-B B, and SM 4500-B C.

3	Boron has national finished drinking water occurrence data from the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) conducted between 1984 and 1986.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 115 of 419


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Chlorinated Acids

EPA Method 515.3, 515.4 (LLE-GC/ECD), 1996, 2000

Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-liquid Microextraction, Derivatization, and Fast

Gas Chromatography With Electron Capture Detection (LLE-GC/ECD)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
(2,4-DB)

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

Bentazon

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Dicamba

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Lactofen

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Chlorinated Acids

EPA Method 555 (HPLC), 1992

Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), with a Photodiode Array

Ultraviolet Detector

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

2-(2-Methyl-4-







chlorophenoxy)propionic acid

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

(MCPP)







2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic
acid (MCPA)

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid
(2,4-DB)

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

Bentazon

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Dicamba

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Triazine Pesticides and Degradates

EPA Method 523 (GC/MS), 2011

Determination of Triozine Pesticides and their Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Gos Chromotogrophy/Moss Spectrometry

(GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-

diamine (Atrazine-desethyl-
desisopropyl)

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Desethylatrazine (Atrazine-
desethyl)

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Desisopropylatrazine (Atrazine-
desisopropyl)

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Propazine

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Ametryn

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Prometryn

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Volatile Organics

EPA Method 524.2, 524.3, 524.41 (GC/MS), 1995, 2009, 2013

Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

(GC/MS) Using Nitrogen Purge Gas

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL
5 Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1,3-Dichloropropene (cis- & trans-)2

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

Carbon disulfide

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Naphthalene

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1	EPA method 524.4 method technology uses nitrogen purge gas. EPA methods 524.2 and 524.3 method technology uses helium gas.

2	EPA determined cis- & trans-l,3-dichloropropene will be evaluated as total 1,3-dichloropropene (cis- & trans-) with a CASRN of 542-75-6.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Semivolatile Organics (slide 1 of 2)

EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012

Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas

Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL 5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Norflurazon

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Phorate

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Propazine

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Ametryn

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Bromacil

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Butyl benzyl phthalate

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Chlorothalonil

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Cycloate

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Dichlorvos

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Diethyl phthalate

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Di-n-butyl phthalate

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

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Semivolatile Organics (slide 2 of 2)

EPA Method 525.2, 525.3 (GC/MS), 1995, 2012

Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas

Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Hexazinone

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Isophorone

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Metribuzin

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Phenanthrene

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Prometryn

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Pronamide

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Pyrene

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Tebuthiuron

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

Trifluralin

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national

ambient

* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Select Pesticides and Flame Retardants

EPA Method 527 (GC/MS), 2005

Determination of Selected Pesticides and Flo me Retordonts in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column

Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5

EPA Health Assessment

Occurrence Data Availability

Status

Availability

Malathion

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Norflurazon1

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Propazine

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Bifenthrin

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Bromacil

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Esfenvalerate1

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Hexazinone

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Prometryn

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Thiobencarb

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1 EPA Method 527 identifies there are potential method analysis issues with these compounds

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Phenols

EPA Method 528 (GC/MS), 2000

Determination of Phenols in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass

Spectrometry (GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Phenol

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 123 of 419


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N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates

EPA Method 531.1, 531.2 (HPLC), 1995, 2001

Measurement of N-Methylcarbamoyloximes and N-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection High

Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Postcolumn Derivatization

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Carbaryl

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Methomyl

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Propoxur

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Phenylurea Compounds

EPA Method 532 (HPLC), 2000

Determination of Phenylurea Compounds in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (HPLC) with UV Detection

Contaminant Name

PCCL 5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Fluometuron

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Propanil

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and ambient

Tebuthiuron	PCCL 5	Yes	Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

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Herbicide Degradates

EPA Method 535 (LC/MS/MS), 2005

Measurement of Chloroocetonilide and Other Acetomide Herbicide Degrodotes in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction

and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL 5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Dimethenamid oxanilic acid (OA) PCCL 5	No*	Non-national finished and national ambient

* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 126 of 419


-------
Organics

EPA Method 538 (DAI-LC/MS/MS), 2009

Determination of Selected Organic Contaminants in Drinking Water by Direct Aqueous Injection-Liquid

Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (DAI-LC/MS/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Acephate

CCL 5

Yes

National ambient

Dicrotophos

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 127 of 419


-------
Organics

EPA Method 540 (LC/MS/MS), 2013

Determination of Selected Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid

Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Bensulide

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national ambient

Methomyl

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 128 of 419


-------
Pharmaceuticals

EPA Method 542 (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 2016

Determination of Phormoceuticols and Personal Core Products in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid
Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Carbamazepine

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

Diazepam

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

Fluoxetine

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

Gemfibrozil

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and ambient

Sulfamethoxazole

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

Triclosan

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 129 of 419


-------
Aromatic Hydrocarbons

EPA Method 550, 550.1 (HPLC), 1990

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and High Performance Liquid

Chromatography (HPLC) with Coupled Ultraviolet and Fluorescence Detection

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Fluoranthene

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Naphthalene

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Phenanthrene

PCCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

Pyrene

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

' EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 M * Agency



Office of Water

Slide 130 of 419


-------
Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol

EPA Method 559 (LC/MS/MS), 2020

Determination of Nonylphenol and 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid

Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL 5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Nonylphenol1

CCL 5

No*

Non-national finished and national ambient

4-tert-Octylphenol	PCCL 5	No*	Non-national finished and national ambient

1 EPA method 559 reports technical nonylphenol (CASRN 84852-15-3), comprised mostly of branched C9-alkyl phenols, and not linear nonylphenol (CASRN 104-40-5) which is a laboratory
generated chemical not typically found in the environment. CCL 5 lists a general version of nonylphenol with a different CASRN.

* EPA health assessment unavailable but contaminant has additional health information that can be found in Appendix B.

Office of Water

Slide 131 of 419

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency


-------
Pesticides

Draft EPA Method 5621 (LC/MS/MS)

Determination of Selected Pesticides in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass

Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

Contaminant Name2

PCCL5/CCL 5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

Bromoxynil

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Carbendazim

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Fipronil

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Flufenacet

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Iprodione

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Thiamethoxam

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

Clothianidin

PCCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1 The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 132 of 419


-------
Purgeable Organic Compounds

Draft EPA Method1 (GC/MS)

Measurement of Purgeoble Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

(GC/MS)

Contaminant Name

PCCL5/CCL5
Status

EPA Health Assessment
Availability

Occurrence Data Availability

1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene

CCL 5

Yes

Non-national finished and national ambient

1,2,3-Trichloropropane

CCL 5

Yes

National finished2 and ambient

1The EPA methods in development may or may not be validated before UCMR 6; these methods may be candidates for future UCMR cycles.

21,2,3-trichloropropane has national finished drinking water occurrence data from UCMR 3 (2013-2015). Its UCMR 3 MRL was above the 10~6 cancer risk concentration, so EPA is pursuing the
development of a method that would support measurements at lower concentrations.

Office of Water

Slide 133 of 419

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency


-------
Break

*ปEPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 134 of 419


-------
Appendices

•AppendixA: Data Definitions

•	Appendix B: Contaminants Under Consideration: Background,
Health, and Occurrence Information

•	Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 135 of 419


-------
Questions Specific to this Presentation

Click on "?" in the upper part of the control panel
(Figure 1) to submit questions or comments

•	Type a question in the box, click send (Figure 2)

Submit your questions throughout the webinar

•	Questions will be answered on an individual
basis throughout the presentation

•	Common and clarifying questions will be
shared with the group or discussed after the
breaks

Figure 1

Figure 2



Want answers? ,N

\

\

%
I
1

o

1
I

1
1
i
/

*



Ask the staff a question
w



Send

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

Slide 136 of 419


-------
Questions and
Discussion

Statements from participants that registered ahead of time

Statements from other participants
• Subject to availability of time

Additional statements or questions from attendees can be provided to
the EPA via email: UCMRWebinar@cadmusgroup.com after the public
meeting and webinar

vvEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 137 of 419


-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring

Rule

EPA Webinar April 17, 2024

Erik D. Olson
Senior Strategic Director for Health
NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)


-------


\

•UCMR6:

NRDC Has 5 Major
Recommendations:

Recommendation #1.

Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring for a
Broader Array of PFAS
Including a Method to
Measure Total
Organofluorine And a
Revised Method 533

Photo: USGS


-------
UCMR6

Recommendations
(continued)

Recommendation #2.

Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for Both a Broad
Assay for Legionella spp.
and a Specific Assay for L.
pneumophila.


-------
Figure 1: Age-Standardized Incidence of Legionella by Race & Year

6.00

Year

-~-NatlveAmef lean/Alaska Native ซ*ฆ Asian/Pacific Islander	Blatk/Afrlcan American — White

Barekev AE. et a I. Rising Incidence of tegi6nnaiie&' Disease aid Associated Epidemiologic Pattern. United Slates. 1992-2018. Emera tnfect Oh. 2022 Mar;28<3l 1527-518. j2

Figure 2: Legionella Cases & Incidence by Age & Race

600

200
0

/

/

I

0-4 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-54 65-74 75 84 85*
Age Group {yซars)

3.0

20 *

Z
tj

1.0 g

o.o ซj
<

3000
2500
2000
1S00
1000
500
0

2.5

ฆCow*

-Incidence

Native Asian/Pacific Hlack/AFriran
American/Alaska lUMfes	America

Native

Race

ฆ Cave 5 • Incidence



V

1

2.0

1 i



& 1

1.5

\ a



?8

1.0

ซ 8



3 ir



= $

0.i

U 3
~> ~

0.0

BarilgvAE. cuil Rising IncMt-nrfntlrjinnniun-^' Dlv-air nnri Awwhtrd FnidrnilolorlrPaltrrm. Unltrd Mntn 1W- ?01& fmrro.'n/rn F)h 2022 Mar28ป>-5?7	2l


-------
J

UCMR6

Recommendations
(Continued)

Recommendation #3.

Approve Methods and
Require Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for
Microplastics.

Microplastics that have penetrated inside cells

The image shows microplastics with a diameter of 0,5 nm (small green spheres) penetrating the cytoplasm of
MH-22a hepatocyte cells. ZEISS Axio imager 2. Karimov Denis, Valova lana, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0


-------
UCMR6

Recommendation

#4.

Require
Monitoring in
UCMR 6 for
Hexavalent
Chromium

New
Brunswick

Montreal

Toronto

Vermont
New
Hampshire

ฆNevada

Montern

Recommendation^
(continued)

Vancouver

Winnipeg

North

OTa-lrl

'I' •

Nova

' i''

9 o 9

Wyoming "	A

Icon Key

Nebraska

V o V

Mexico

Havana

Centro

Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
v New Jersey
\ Delaware
Maryland
District of

Eurofins-Usirig UCMR 3 Data


-------
4

/^'aj

f\

\



UCMR6
Recommendations

v	\

\ I

(continued)

fhoto: Johnny McClung, Upsplash

jr

r

ฃ

*

Recommendation #5

Ensure that IjPA-Approved Methbd
for Four Haloacetonitriles Haveiow

7 t	J	r	/	' r 1 \

MRLs, and Require Monitoring for
them inUCMR 6	ill

~"*	/	/	/	/I'll

/	/	/	/ ' 1


-------
Conclusion

1.	Approve Methods and Require Monitoring for a Broader Array of
PFAS Including a Method to Measure Total Organofluorine And a
Revised Method 533

2.	Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Both a
Broad Assay for Legionella spp. and a Specific Assay for L.
pneumophila.

3.	Approve Methods and Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for
Microplastics.

4.	Require Monitoring in UCMR 6 for Hexavalent Chromium

5.	Ensure that EPA-Approved Method for Four Haloacetonitriles Have
Low MRLs and Require Monitoring for them in UCMR 6.

8


-------
Thank You

NRDC

Erik D. Olson
eolson@nrdc.org


-------
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring

Rule

EPA Webinar April 18, 2024

Katie Pelch
Scientist

NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council)


-------
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Science of the Total Environment

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv

Science cซ
Totql Environment

Short Communication

70 analyte PFAS test method highlights need for expanded testing of PFAS in
drinking water

Katherine E. Pelch a, Taryn McKnightb, Anna Reade3'*

H)

a Natural Resources Defense Council, 111 Sutter SL Floor20, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
b Eurofms Environment Testing, 880 Riverside Parkway. West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA

•	EPA should validate an
expanded Method 533 that
covers at a minimum the 40
PFAS included in Method
1633, but preferentially the
70 PFAS covered by
multiple commercial
laboratories.

•	EPA should validate a
sensitive total
organofluorine method for
use in drinking water.

PF02HxA

PFAS in Drinking Water

R-PSDA pfPrS
R EVE MTP PFECHS
PMPA PF03OA FOSA

Hydrolyzed PSDA

PFPcA

PFHpS

62 FTSA
PFPcS

PFNA

PFBS

PFBA
PFHxS

PFDA
PFOA

PFHxA
PFOS PFHpA

GcnX

Currently
unmonitored PFAS

Detected in this study
but not measured
by EPA methods

Detected in this
study and covered
by EPA methods

In this study we found 26 unique PFAS, 12 of which are not covered by EPA methods.
The PFAS class contains thousands of chemicals, most of which are not monitored for.


-------
Range of Particle Sizes Covered by Different Definitions of Mixoplastic Provided in This Federal

Register Anno uncement

1 nm to 5 mm
Website "microplastics'

"smaller than 1 janfi'
Website "nanoplast

1 mm to 5 mm
Federal Register
"microplastics"

0

1

10

100

1,000
nm

10,000

100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000



1 nm





1 |am



1 mm

•	EPA should validate methods that can detect and quantify smaller
microplastics, less than 20 |jm.

•	EPA should also aim to validate methods for the detection and
quantification of microplastics:

•	that are labor and time efficient,

•	that include tire road wear particles, and

•	that include weathered microplastics.


-------
Thank You

NRDC

Katie Pelch
kpelch@nrdc. org


-------
EPA UCMR 6 methods meeting, April 18, 2024

Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa




-------
L. pneumophila is now the most common cause of reported
drinking water-associated outbreaks

50

~	Multiple

~	Unidentified

ฆ	Chemical

~	Viral

~	Bacterial, non-Legionella

ฆ	Parasitic

ฆ	Bacterial, Legionella

PI

==!



/A Q&	fife

i# &

&

Year

152 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sources: Benedict et. al., 2017. All sources available on request.




-------
Building owners are already using water management plans to
reduce pathogen disease risk

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2021

(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2018)
Includes ANSI/ASHRAE addenda listed in Appendix D

Legionellosis:
Risk Management for
Building Water Systems

See Informative Appendix D for approval dates.

This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPQ for which the Standards
Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for
timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. Instructions for how to submit a
change can be found on the ASHRAEฎ website (https://www.ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance).

The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from
ASHRAE Customer Service, 180 Technology Parkway NW, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax:
678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For
reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions.

ฉ2021 ASHRAE

ISSN 1041-2336



Risk Management for
Building Water Systems:
Physical, Chemical, and
Microbial Hazards



o

o

o

o

Public water customers
are already using WMPs

Building owners are already
asking their public water
systems what they are doing

Recent studies show that
pathogens are present in public
water systems, in low levels

ASHRAE 188 focus is
Legionella

ASHRAE 514 focus is
aeruginosa and HPC + other
risks

153 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.




-------
UCMR 6 monitoring could be the most effective way to
understand and reduce overall risk

"The potential for finding an opportunistic
pathogen in the utility's water system will be a
major concern for the legal department whose
job it is to protect the utility from risk. However,
not knowing about L. pneu risks has its
own set of issues, particularly when simple
methods are available and corrective actions
can readily be implemented. Overall, the utility
is better protected by identifying and dealing
with risks than ignoring them."

- LeChevallier, 2020

Focus on L. pneumophila in the distribution
system is increasing

o WRF Study # 5118: Understanding the
Mechanisms of Chlorine and Chloramine
Impact on Opportunistic Pathogens in
Distribution Systems

o WRF Study # 5156: Occurrence of
Legionella spp. [Lp] in Drinking Water
Distribution Systems

154 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.


-------
Best practices for utilities are evolving but becoming clearer

NASEM Report
on Legionella

Utilities should maintain "a disinfectant residual
throughout public water systems and validate the
treatment performance by routine monitoring for
Legionella pneumophila from water samples
representative of the distribution system"

How to implement routine monitoring?

o Distribution System Handbook:

Developing a drinking water
pneumophila monitoring program

o WRF Project #4664: Customer

Messaging on Opportunistic Pathogens
Plumbing Systems

o Health Education and Public Health
article: Guidance on Developing a

Legionella	pneumophila Monitoring

Program for Utility Distribution Systems

o IDEXX Water Academy Course:
Developing a Legionella Monitoring
Program Companion Course

WW

Management of

Legionella
in Water Systems


-------
I here are several goals that UCMR pathogen monitoring
program could achieve

o To understand the adequacy of existing treatment

o To be able to better communicate with stakeholders,
especially those who have implemented water management
plans and testing

o To become familiar with methods for Legionella
pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monitoring

o To be consistent with internal water quality goals

156 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.




-------
""here is one important goal a	UCMR 6

monitoring program could achieve

Biofilm Mitigation, reduction of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilm

Water.

in

Panicle load
Cell load
Nutrients load

Water

Panicle load
Cell load
Nutrients bad

(regrcwth & particle accumulation)

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97(21)
DQI:10.1007/s00253-013-5217-v

o The biofilm produced by P.

aeruginosa makes a system difficult
to disinfect and, as a result, is often
where the	L. pneum and

out other bacteria are found, making it
an important target for UCMR 6
assessment.

o Understanding biofilm and

aeruginosa can allow for
addressing how to remove the
opportunity and presence of
several waterborne pathogens.

157 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.




-------
" "he Legiolert test method significantly simplifies testing,
eliminating variability and opportunities for error

Step 1

Combine sample with
Legiolert reagent

Step 2

Pour mixture into
Legiolert Quanti-Tray
and seal

158 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.

Step 3

Incubate for 7 days

Step 4

• ife.'i. its. t>i ฆ asii i
ฃl Li ฆ lisfl l flfl 1 IfcSl .

ป•. ia ซป•! Hi

tll.J Ll.'WI.i
*1 &1M' MUftft . 11

ji

u i iซt!i i/nni

Read results:

Brown color and/or turbidity
is a confirmed positive
for L. pneumophila




-------
The Pseudalert test method significantly simplifies testing,
eliminating variability and opportunities for error

Step 1

Combine sample with
Pseudalert reagent

Step 2

Add anti-foam to sample

Step 3

Pour mixture into
Legiolert Quanti-Tray
and seal

159 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All'rights reserved.

Step 4

ฃ

Incubate for 24 hours

Step 5

Read results under

365 nm UV:
Fluorescent wells
are positive for
P. aeruginosa




-------
Legiolert is a standardized method

o ASTM method D8429-21: Standard Test Method for Legionella pneumophila in
Water Samples Using Legiolert

o UK's Standing Committee of Analysts, Blue Book:

Legionella	bacteria	in waters and other

Culture	Methods for	their detection	and

o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for hot and cold sanitary water and
cooling tower water (Reference No IDX 33/06 06/19)

o Regulatory Approvals:

•	Hungary

•	New Brunswick, Canada

160 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.


-------
Pseudalert is a standardized method

o Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater: SM9213

o International Organization for Standards (ISO): ISO 16266-2:2018, Water Quality - Detection
and nnumnration	of Psnudomonas	anruginosa

o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books:

and Environmental	Waters	(2015) - Part 7 - Meth

Aeromonas	and Pseudomonas	aeruginosa.

o UK Standing Committee of Analysts (SCA) Blue Books:

(2015) - Part 8 - Methods	for the isolation	and

aeruginosa

o AFNOR NF Validation: AFNOR certification for the testing of water for	(2016)

(Reference No. IDX 33/05-03/16)

o Regulatory Approvals: Governmental regulatory approvals in 13 countries

161 ฉ2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.


-------
Summary and Request

o Legionella	pneumophila and Pseudomonas are well known,

dangerous waterborne pathogens with high disease burden

o Drinking water systems can contribute to these organisms being in buildings and
creating disease risk

o These waterborne pathogens contribute to significant disease burden and
sometimes death

o Understanding, and then managing, the risk level can only be understood
through thoughtful and targeted testing, such as is done under UCMR

o We strongly encourage EPA to add L. pneumophila and P. aeruginosa to UCMR
6 and use the validated, standardized methods described here

162 ฉ 2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.




-------
General CCL Comments

David Schiessel, Babcock Labs, Riverside CA
dschiessel@babcocklabs.com

~	Recommend development of Ultra-Short Chain PFAS method either using HILIC of IC-MS/MS (similar to

EPA 332)

~	Some labs have experience. Currently doing projects in drinking water

~	Recommend development of PFAS method using GC-MS/MS (eg: FTOH class) for PFAS coverage

~	Support development/implementation EPA 562 using SPE and LC-MS/MS

~	SPE and LC-MS/MS well understood by lab community leaders

~	Support development/implementation of 1,2,3-TCP and other analytes by 524.x using SIM

~	Already support 1,2,3-TCP at 5ng/L

~	In CA, currently using a non-EPA method but same technology

~	Mycobacterium - Recommend qPCR approach over MALDI-MS.

~	Use same technology as Legionella proposed technique

~	MALDI quantitative precision challenges (anecdotal experience)

~	Cost of MALDI equipment higher than qPCR (MALDI may be 2-3x the cost of qPCR)


-------
~	Performed analyte fate studies on relevant/emerging PFAS classes using
both AOF and EOF

~	Both EOF/AOF perform very well for common PFAS analyte lists (C4+
carboxylates, sulfonates C3+, FTS C6+) 12

~	Some important differences exist in chemical space captured

~	EOF identical chemical space to EPA 533 (same prep method)

~	AOF has orthogonal chemical space

~	There is no OF method that captures everything (trade-offs)

~	EOF may have lower achievable reporting levels, but misses relevant PFAS
classes (study to be released 2024)


-------
PFAS Class Suitability for EOF arid AOF

Parameter

EOF (WAX)

AOF (GAC)

Perfluorosulfonamides (eg:
PFOSA) toxic and occur in DW 3'4



No

- Lost at extract dryness

Yes-€4, C6, C8, CIO
>85%

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH)



Nc

|- Lost via breakthrough

Yes - 6:2 and 8:2 FTOH
>70%

Cationic PFAS (AFFF relevant)



Nc

|- quat N unretained on

WAX

Yes - N-TAmP-FHxSA,
N-AP-FHxSA, N-CMAmP-6:2FOSA

>80%

Hexafluorophosphate PF6~
(Not OF)

I

fes

|- retained on WAX, and
High Combust. Eff.



No



Tetrafluoroborate BF4" (Not OF)

|

- retained on WAX



No




-------
PFAS Class Suitability for EOF and AOF

(Edge Cases)

Parameter

EOF (WAX)

AOF (GAC)

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)

No - Lost in matrix spikes and
during evap/drying

No - Breakthrough (cone
dep.)

Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA)

No - Lost in matrix spikes and
during evap/drying

No - Breakthrough (cone
dep.)

Trifluoromethanesulfonate (TFMS)

Yes

- removed from nitrate F-
removaii

Perfluoroethanesulfonate (PFEtS)

Yes

- removed from nitrate F-
removal

-	All these analytes may be performed by targeted methods using HILIC or IC-MS/MS

-	Some don't meet certain definitions of PFAS


-------
PF-Sulfonamides

Relevant class missed by complete dryness of extract

Detected PFOSA/PFBSA in 9 pre-treated groundwater samples using alternative technique

ng/L

120

100

EPA 533 SPE Technique

80

60

40

20

Dups RPD =32%

PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA

6	7	8	9

PFHxSA BPFOSA BPFDSA

ng/L

120

100

Alternative SPE Technique

PFBSA 10 or 20 ng/L?

]













80

60

40

20

B

Dups RPD=0.1%

i

PFBSA >70ng/L
RPD=3.3%

I I

2	3	4	5	6

ฆ PFPSA ฆ PFBSA ฆ PFPeSA ฆ PFHxSA

7	8	9

iPFOSA BPFDSA


-------
References

1.	Han, Y., Pulikkal, V. F., & Sun, M. (2021). Comprehensive Validation of the Adsorbable Organic Fluorine
Analysis and Performance Comparison of Current Methods for Total Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
in Water Samples. ACS ES&T Water, 1(6), 1474-1482, https://doi.org/10.1021 /acsestwater. 1 c00047

2.	Jiao, E., Zhu, Z., Yin, D„ Qiu, Y., Karrman, A., & Yeung, L. W. Y. (2022). A pilot study on extractable
organofluorine and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water from drinking water treatment
plants around Taihu Lake, China: What is missed by target PFAS analysis? Environmental Science:
Processes & Impacts, 24(7), 1060-1070. https://dohorq/10.1039/D2EM00073C

3.	Munoz, G., Liu, M., Vo Duy, S., Liu, J., & Sauve, S. (2023). Target and nontarget screening of PFAS in
drinking water for a large-scale survey of urban and rural communities in Quebec, Canada. Water
Research, 233, 119750. https://doi.ora/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119750

4.	Rericha, Y., Cao, D., Truong, L., Simonich, M. T., Field, J. A., & Tanguay, R. L. (2022). Sulfonamide
functional head on short-chain perfluorinated substance drives developmental toxicity. iScience, 25(2),
103789. https://doi.orq/10.1016/ijsci.2022.103789


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Closing Remarks

Brenda Bowden, U.S. EPA
Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today

United States
Environmental Protectio
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Office of Water

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If You Have Questions Following This Webinar

•	UCMR Homepage:

•	https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr

•	EPA Contacts:

•	Brenda Bowden: bowden.brenda@epa.gov

•	Melissa Simic: simic.melissa(a>epa.gov

•	Rachel Kaiser: kaiser.rachel(a>epa.gov

•	Lab Approval Program:

•	UCMR Lab Approval@epa.gov

•	Safe Drinking Water Information:

•	https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information

•	Meeting materials were sent to all registered participants

•	If you did not receive a copy, please email UCMRwebinar(5)cadmusgroup.com and
we will send you a copy

United States
^2*5^^Wฃl Environmental Protection
^1	Agency

Office of Water

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Thank You

Thank you for participating in the UCMR discussion today. If you have
additional statements that you would like to make, please send them to
UCMRWebinar(S>cadmusgroup.com after the public meeting and

webinar.

United States
Environmental Protectio
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Office of Water

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Appendix A: Data Definitions

*ปEPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

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Overview

•	Appendix A defines terms and identifies sources of health and occurrence
data

•	Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport Definitions

•	Use/Production/Release Data Sources

•	Health Sources of Information

•	EPA and Other Sources

•	Health Data Parameters

•	Occurrence Data Sources

•	National and Non-National studies

•	Finished Drinking and Ambient Water

For more information on how these sources were utilized for CCL 5, refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents

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Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Definitions

Biodegradation Half Life (t1/2)

The time required to reduce the concentration of a chemical in the environment by 50%.

Henry's Law Coefficient (KH)

Also called the air-water partition coefficient; the ratio of the concentration of a contaminant
that partitions to air relative to the concentration of a contaminant that partitions to water in an
air-water system.

Octanol-Water Partitioning
Coefficient (log Kow)

A partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water, which serves
as a measure of the relationship between fat solubility and water solubility of a substance.

Organic Carbon Partitioning
Coefficient (Koc)

The ratio of the amount of chemical adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon (oc) in the soil
or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium.

Water Solubility

The measure of the amount of chemical substance that can dissolve in water at a specific
temperature, normally expressed as a concentration.

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Use/Production/Release Data Sources

TRI

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program was developed by the EPA as part of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act to inform citizens of chemical releases from industrial facilities. TRI tracks the
industrial management of toxic chemicals that may cause harm to human health and the environment.

CDR

The Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) rule, under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), requires
manufacturers (including importers) to provide EPA with information on the production and use of chemicals in
commerce.

USGS Pesticide
Application

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) publishes estimates of pesticide application rates using projected
county crop acres from the Census of Agriculture.

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EPA Health Sources of Information

(slide 1 of 2)

DWSHA

EPA's Drinking Water Standard and Health Advisories (DWSHA) table is a summary of Health Advisory values for contaminants
based on non-cancer health effects for different durations of exposure [e.g., one-day, ten-day, and lifetime) as well as the
underlying reference dose (RfD) supporting the lifetime Health Advisory or, if applicable, the cancer risk values for drinking
water contaminants. The tables also include the contaminants currently regulated under SDWA for which EPA has established
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs). This document is periodically updated to reflect changes in health
advisory values or regulatory values.

HHC

Human Health Criteria (HHC) are calculated by the EPA in accordance with the Clean Water Act for consumption of water and/or
organisms, such as fish.

IRIS

EPA's Office of Research and Development houses the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program that supports the EPA
by characterizing the toxicity of compounds.

OPP

EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Reregistration Eligibility Decision (REDs) and Health Effects Division Human Health Risk
Assessment (HED HHRAs).

OPP HHBP

The Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBPs) are published by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). The purpose of
the benchmarks is to determine whether the detection of a pesticide in drinking water or source waters for drinking water may
indicate a potential health risk and help with EPA prioritization of monitoring efforts. HHBPs are available for pesticide active
ingredients for which Health Advisories or enforceable National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) have not been
developed. The HHBPs are not legally enforceable federal standards.

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EPA Health Sources of Information

(slide 2 of 2)

OW HA

Office of Water Health Advisory documents (HA). HA documents provide technical information on chemical and microbial
contaminants that can cause human health effects and are known or anticipated to occur in drinking water. HA values/levels
identify the concentration of a contaminant in drinking water at which adverse health effects and/or aesthetic effects are not
anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations [e.g., 1 day, 10 days, a lifetime). HAs are not to be construed as legally
enforceable federal standards and are subject to change as new information becomes available.

PPRTV

The Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Value (PPRTV) program supports EPA's Superfund program by generating health
assessments for compounds not already assessed under EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program. The health
assessments generate provisional toxicity values like provisional- Reference Doses (RfDs) and provisional- Cancer Slope Factors
(CSFs). All provisional peer-reviewed toxicity values receive internal review by EPA scientists and external peer review by
independent scientific experts.

ToxRefDB

The Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) contains the results of thousands of in vivo animal toxicity studies conducted over
the last 30 years. This database was compiled by EPA and released in 2014. The purpose of the database is to describe dose-
response animal toxicity data with a standardized vocabulary so that the results are accessible and searchable.

V>

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Other Sources of Health Information

(slide 1 of 2)

CalEPA OEHHA

California EPA's (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment's (OEHHA) Chemical Database contains all
of California's toxicity criteria information developed for chemicals evaluated by OEHHA. This information includes
reference exposure levels, California Public Health Goals (PHGs), child-specific reference doses, Proposition 65 safe harbor
numbers, soil-screening levels, and fish advisories.

CDC ATSDR

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) protects
communities from harmful health effects related to exposure to natural and man-made hazardous substances by
responding to environmental health emergencies; investigating emerging environmental health threats; conducting
research on the health impacts of hazardous waste sites; and building capabilities of and providing actionable guidance to
state and local health partners. ATSDR assessments are comparable to EPA assessments [i.e., chronic duration oral minimal
risk levels (MRLs) are considered comparable to EPA's reference doses (RfDs)).

CDWG

Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) are established by Health Canada in collaboration with the Federal-Provincial-
Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment,
establishes Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality for drinking water parameters [i.e., chemical, physical, microbial
parameters).

FDA

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD) database, housed
within the National Library of Medicine DSSTox FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database (FDAMDD), which
includes MRDDs for over 1,200 pharmaceuticals.



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Other Sources of Health Information

(slide 2 of 2)

MN DOH

The Minnesota Department of Health (MN DOH) develops health-based guidance values that can be used to help evaluate
potential human health risks from exposures to chemicals in groundwater. The MN DOH calculates guidance values for
cancer and non-cancer endpoints of various exposure durations including acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic
durations.

NIH CPDB

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) synthesized the results of 50 years of chronic,
long-term carcinogenesis bioassays. Information recorded included the strain, sex, route of compound administration,
target organ, histopathology, author's opinion about carcinogenicity, quantitative data on tumor incidence, dose-response,
the tumorigenic dose-rate for 50% of experimental animals (TD50), statistical significance of the dose-response, length of
experiment, duration of dosing, and average daily dose-rate. This database was last updated in August 2007. For more
information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at
httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.

NIH HSDB

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a toxicology database that includes
information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory
requirements, toxicity values, and other relevant information. The information in HSDB has been assessed by a Scientific
Review Panel. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.

WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes health-based guidance values for drinking water quality.

WHO IARC

The World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies compounds into groups based
on available toxicity data. The dataset contains cancer classifications for over 1,000 contaminants.

vvEPA

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Health Data Parameters

(slide 1 of 3)

Benchmark/Chronic
Benchmark

Health-based concentration in water for a chronic exposure duration - e.g., Lifetime Health Advisories, 10"6 cancer risk
concentrations, Cancer Health Risk Limits or Chronic Health Risk Limits guidance values from the MN DOH, Chronic
Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and chronic HHBP.

Acute Benchmark

Health-based concentration in water for a short-term exposure duration - e.g., 10-day Health Advisories, acute, short-
term, or subchronic guidance values from the MN DOH, Intermediate Minimal Risk Levels from ATSDR, and acute HHBPs.

CSF

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF). This is the cancer risk per unit dose determined during a health assessment.

CCL-HRL

Health reference levels (HRLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process and are non-regulatory health-based toxicity values
that are expressed as concentrations of a chemical in drinking water that a person could consume over a lifetime and be
unlikely to experience adverse health effects. HRLs are not legally enforceable federal standards. For more information
on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at
https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.



CCL-SL

CCL screening levels (SLs) are derived during the CCL 5 process similar to CCL-HRLs for chemicals with no available
qualifying or non-qualifying health assessments (publicly available assessments published by health agencies to provide
valuable health information, but do not necessarily follow standard EPA methodologies and/or are not peer-reviewed by
experts outside the publishing agency). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5
Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.

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Health Data Parameters

(slide 2 of 3)

RfD

A reference dose (RfD), also referred to as a Population-Adjusted Dose or Minimal Risk Level, is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a chronic daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The RfD can also be an estimate
for acute or short-term exposures. It can be derived from a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), lowest observed adverse
effect level (LOAEL), or benchmark dose, with uncertainty factors generally applied to reflect limitations of the data used.

Risk Assessment
Advice

MN DOH establishes Risk Assessment Advice (RAA) for water, which is technical guidance concerning exposures and risks to
human health. RAA may be quantitative (e.g., a concentration of a chemical that is likely to pose little or no health risk to humans)
or qualitative (e.g., a written description of how toxic a chemical is in comparison to a similar chemical). Generally, RAA contains
greater uncertainty than Health Risk Levels because the available information is more limited. These can be chronic or acute.

LD50

The lethal dose of a chemical for 50% of tested animals after a specified exposure duration.

TD50

The dose of a chemical associated with 50% of animals developing tumors.

LOAEL

The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration, at which there are
biologically significant increases in frequency or severity of adverse effects between the exposed population and its appropriate
control group.

NOAEL

The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) from a study with a chronic or subchronic exposure duration at which there are no
biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of adverse effect between the exposed population and its
appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered adverse or precursors of adverse
effects.

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Health Data Parameters

(slide 3 of 3)

WHO Drinking Water
Guideline Value

Recommended drinking water standards built on over 50 years of guidance by WHO on drinking-water quality, which has
formed an authoritative basis for the setting of national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public
health.

MAC

Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines (CDWG) establish Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MACs) based on a
comprehensive review of the known health effects associated with each contaminant, on exposure levels and on the
availability of treatment and analytical technologies.

MADL

CalEPA establishes "maximum allowable daily levels" (MADLs) for reproductive toxicants representing the level at which
the chemical would have no observable adverse reproductive effect assuming exposure 1,000 times that level.

PHG

CalEPA develops Public Health Goals (PHGs) defined as the level of a chemical contaminant in drinking water that does
not pose a significant risk to health. PHGs are not regulatory standards.

MRDD

FDA Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDDs) for pharmaceuticals are not comparable to reference doses (RfDs) or
lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs). For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to
the CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.

HHC

Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria (HHC) represent specific levels of chemicals or conditions in a water body
that are not expected to cause adverse effects to human health. EPA calculates criteria for an exposure scenario, assuming
the target population could be drinking contaminated water and consuming contaminated fish or could be consuming
only contaminated fish.

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Sources of National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking

Water

NIRS

In the mid-1980s, EPA implemented the National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey (NIRS) to provide a statistically
representative sample of the national occurrence of select inorganic and radionuclide contaminants in community water
systems (CWSs) served by groundwater. The survey is stratified based on system size (population served by the system). Most
of the NIRS data are from smaller systems (92% from systems serving 3,300 persons or fewer). The NIRS database includes
findings for 42 radionuclides and inorganic compounds. NIRS provides contaminant occurrence data from 989 groundwater
CWSs in 49 states (all except Hawaii) as well as Puerto Rico. Each of the 989 randomly selected CWSs was sampled once
between 1984 and 1986. The NIRS data were collected in a randomly designed sample survey; therefore, the summary
statistics are representative of national occurrence in groundwater CWSs. One limitation of the NIRS is a lack of occurrence
data for surface water systems.

UCMR 1, 2, 3, 4

Under the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR), the EPA leads a nationally representative survey of public
drinking water systems (PWSs) designed to provide a basis for future drinking water regulatory actions. UCMR 1 included
monitoring for 26 contaminants between 2001 and 2003. UCMR 2 including monitoring for 25 contaminants between 2008
and 2010. UCMR 3 included monitoring for 28 chemical contaminants and 2 microbes between 2013 and 2015. UCMR 4
included monitoring for 30 chemical contaminants between 2018 and 2020. UCMR 4 data collection was still underway
during the CCL 5 development.

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Sources of National Occurrence Data-Ambient Water

USGS NAWQA

The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, United States Geological Survey (USGS), and
the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by
state, tribal, local and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the National Water-Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) program. The goal of the NAWQA program is to assess the condition of the nation's
ambient waters. The NAWQA program is designed to be statistically representative of water conditions in the
nation. The NAWQA data are considered nationally representative.

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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Finished Drinking

Water (slide 1 of 3)

UCM-State
Rounds 1 & 2

The Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) program was a drinking water monitoring effort that was a precursor to the
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) program established in the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water
Act. Round 1 UCM data are from approximately 1988 to 1992 and were extracted from the Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Information System (URCIS). The UCM Round 2 data are from 1993 to 1997 and were extracted from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS).

USDA PDP -
Finished

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue
database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically
defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply. As of 2001, sampling and testing are conducted on
finished drinking water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the CCL 5 Technical Support
Documents at httDs://www.eDa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-suDDort-documents.

Batt et al. 2016

This is an EPA Office of Research and Development publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and potential
risks to aquatic life. The authors sampled 182 sites in rivers proximal to urban streams and measured the concentrations of
46 contaminants representing many classes of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Bradley et al.
2018

This article was published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the National Institute of Health (N1H), and the EPA's
Office of Research and Development. The authors sampled tap water from 13 homes and 12 workplaces across 11 states. The
samples were analyzed for 482 organic compounds and 19 inorganic compounds.

EPA

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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water

(slide 2 of 3)

cwss

The 2006 Community Water System Survey (CWSS) gathered data on the financial and operating characteristics of a random
sample of community water systems (CWSs) nationwide. All systems serving more than 500,000 people (94 systems in 2006)
were included in the survey, and systems in that size category were asked questions about concentrations of unregulated
contaminants in their raw and finished water. Not all systems responded to the survey and, of the systems that responded, not all
answered every question. EPA supplemented the dataset by gathering additional information about contaminant occurrence at
the systems in this size category from publicly available sources [e.g., consumer confidence reports). Note that, because reported
results are incomplete, they are only illustrative, not statistically representative, and used only as supplemental information. This
data source was used as a supplemental data source for CCL 5.

Furlong et
al. 2017

This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and USGS publication focusing on active pharmaceutical ingredients and their
concentrations in water samples collected from 25 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) between 2007 and 2012. This was a
two-phase study and includes sampling results in source water and finished drinking water. Phase II of the study included more
analytes and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. There were 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase 1 and 118 in Phase II.
This study is part of a series of papers published using the dataset of source and treated water samples from 25 DWTPs.

Glassmeyer
et al. 2017

This is an EPA Office of Research and Development and United States Geological Survey (USGS) publication describing source
water and drinking water concentrations of emerging contaminants. This was a two-phase study and sampling occurred between
2007 and 2012. Phase II of the study included more contaminants and sometimes used more sensitive methods than Phase 1. In
Phase 1, 87 compounds were monitored at nine treatment plants. In Phase II, 247 contaminants were monitored at 25 drinking
water treatment plants.

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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Finished Drinking Water

(slide 3 of 3)

Klarich et
al. 2017

This study collected periodic tap water grab samples at the University of Iowa over seven weeks in 2016 (May-July) after maize/soy
planting to understand the persistence of three neonicotinoids and their potential for transformation during water treatment and
distribution.

Padhye et
al. 2013

This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight
sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess occurrence of PPCPs
and EDCs in finished drinking water.

State
Drinking
Water
Monitoring
Data

For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for unregulated
contaminants along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the dataset of unregulated contaminant
monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data provide varying degrees of completeness in their
coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on
the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analvsis at httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents-
eoas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards.

USGS, Sioux
Falls Area,
2012

A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in 2009 to
(1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to
water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the
finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally
or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source
waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area.

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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data- Ambient Water

(slide 1 of 3)

NWIS

The Water Quality Portal is a collaborative tool sponsored by EPA, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the
National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) that allows access to water quality data collected by state, tribal, local
and federal agencies. The Water Quality Portal is used to access the USGS National Water Information Services (NWIS)
database. The NWIS relational database houses every piece of data that USGS collects, including information like gauge
heights and compound concentration data. NWIS results are not expected to be statistically representative of the U.S.

USDA PDP -
Untreated and
Ground Water

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) maintains a national pesticide residue
database. PDP was initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide residues in food with sampling conducted on a statistically
defensible representation of pesticide residuals in the U.S. food supply (USDA, 2018). As of 2001, sampling and testing are
conducted on untreated water and ground water. For more information on how CCL 5 utilized this source, please refer to the
CCL 5 Technical Support Documents at https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents.

Arnold et al.
2016

Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S.
Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. Groundwater samples were
analyzed for a large number of water-quality indicators and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements,
volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and radionuclides.

Bexfield et al.
2019

This study assessed occurrence from 21 hormones and 103 pharmaceuticals in groundwater used as a drinking water source
across the United States. Samples were taken from 1091 sites in Principal Aquifers representing 60% of the volume pumped
for drinking-water supply.

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Sources of Non-National Occurrence Data - Ambient Water

(slide 2 of 3)

Bradley et al.
2017

This study, published by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the EPA's Office of Research and Development,
provides water data for 719 compounds sampled in 38 streams across the U.S. using 14 different methods. Study locations
include a mixture of urban and agricultural watersheds.

Padhye et al.
2013

This study collected water samples at five locations in an urban drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) with a total of eight
sampling events over a period of one year. Thirty representative pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were investigated to evaluate the current system's treatment efficacy and assess
occurrence of PPCPs and EDCs in finished drinking water.

SESQA

In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) assessed stream quality
across the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States. The goal of the Southeast
Stream Quality Assessment (SESQA) was to characterize multiple water-quality factors that are stressors to aquatic life-
contaminants, nutrients, sediment, and streamflow alteration—and the relation of these stressors to ecological conditions in
streams throughout the region.

State Drinking

Water
Monitoring Data

For EPA's Third Six-Year Review (SYR 3) of drinking water regulations, some states submitted PWS occurrence data for
unregulated contaminants in ambient water along with the requested data on regulated contaminants. For SYR 3, the
dataset of unregulated contaminant monitoring data included results from 14 states/entities. These unregulated data
provide varying degrees of completeness in their coverage of the states/entities and are not necessarily representative of
occurrence in those states/entities. For more details on the SYR 3 ICR dataset, refer to the EPA's SYR 3 occurrence analysis at
httDs://www.eDa.gov/dwsixvearreview/suDDort-documents-eDas-third-review-existing-drinking-water-standards.

V>

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Non-National Occurrence Data Assessments - Ambient Water

(slide 3 of 3)

SURF

California's Department of Pesticide Regulation Surface Water (SURF) Database was developed in 1997 to make information
concerning the presence of pesticides in California surface waters available to the public. The database includes pesticide
monitoring results from rivers, creeks, agricultural drains, urban streams, and estuaries in California. The database houses
monitoring results collected by federal, state, and local agencies, private industry, and environmental groups. This data
source contains monitoring information for 334 pesticides and pesticide metabolites.

USGS, McKenzie
River, Oregon,
2012

In the spring of 2002, the Eugene Water and Electric Board (Eugene, Oregon) initiated a pesticide monitoring program in
cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of their Drinking Water Source Protection Plan. Approximately
twice yearly pesticide samples were collected from 2002 to 2010 at a suite of sampling sites representing varying land uses in
the lower McKenzie River basin in Oregon. A total of 117 ambient samples were collected from 28 tributary and mainstem
sites, including those dominated by forestry, urban, and agricultural activities, as well as the mouths of major tributaries
characterized by a mixture of upstream land use. Constituents tested included 175 compounds in filtered water (72
herbicides, 43 insecticides, 10 fungicides, and 36 of their degradation products, as well as 14 pharmaceutical compounds).

USGS, Sioux Falls
Area, 2012

A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was initiated in
2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface
water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are
present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if
sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality
samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area.

V>

EPA

United States Office of Water
Environmental Protection

i Agency slide 190 of 419


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Appendix B: Contaminants Under
Consideration: Background, Health,
and Occurrence Information

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 191 of 419


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Contaminant Information - Background

CASRN

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CASRN) is a unique identifier assigned by the
Chemical Abstracts Service (a division of the American Chemical Society) to every chemical
substance in the open scientific literature

DTXSID

Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers (DTXSID) is a unique
substance identifier used in EPA's CompTox Chemicals database, where a substance can be
any single chemical, mixture or polymer

Contaminant Group/Use

Chemical group (e.g., pesticide, metal, disinfection byproduct (DBP)), or contaminant use.

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

Contaminants status on the fifth Preliminary and/or Final Contaminant Candidate List

Health and Occurrence Information
Status

Availability of an EPA health assessment as well as a finished and/or ambient drinking
water occurrence data

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/
Transport

Measures to determine the longevity of contaminants and their potential migration in the
environment and water systems

Use/Production/Release

Different ways that toxic chemicals are used, produced, and released into the air, water,
and land

PubMed Articles

Count of research articles from a PubMed search for a contaminant (through December
2019)

A United States Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency slide 192of419


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Health Assessment Values

•	The health values are calculated drinking water concentrations based on publicly-
available information:

•	2018 Edition of Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories (DWSHA) Tables

_ https://www.epa.gov/svstem/files/documents/2022-01/dwtable2018.pdf

•	CCL 5 Technical Support Documents

_ https://www.epa.gov/ccl/ccl-5-technical-support-documents

•	Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP)

_ https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/human-health-benchmarks

•	Other non-EPA sources (e.g., Health Canada)

•	The health values are:

•	Not federally enforceable

•	Subject to change as health effects information becomes available

•	Calculated using different assumptions (e.g., body weight, intake, population group)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 193 of 419


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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Background

CASRN

79-34-5

DTXSID

DTXSID7021318

Contaminant Group/Use

Industrial solvent; former pesticide; in manufacture of paints, varnish, rust
removers; in soil sterilization and weed killer, insecticide formulations; chemical
intermediate

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 18.2 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.34
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 99.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.59xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 5,936 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

53

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 194 of 419


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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (2010)

Critical Effect

Hepatocellular carcinomas

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.2 (mg/kg/day)1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.148 ng/L

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	OW (2008):

o CCL-HRL = 0.348 |ig/L; CSF = 0.085 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 63.3 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day
o CCL-HRL = 63.4 |ig/L; RfD = 0.01 mg/kg/day

•	IRIS (2010): CCL-HRL = 118 |ig/L; RfD = 0.02 mg/kg/day

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 195 of 419


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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CalEPA OEHHA (2003):

o CCL-HRL = 0.197 |ig/L; CSF = 0.2 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 6.51 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0011 mg/kg/day

•	CDC ATSDR (2008):

o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.5 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)

•	CalEPA OEHHA (2003): Public Health Goal = 0.0001 mg/L (0.1 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 35.4 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	WHO IARC (2012): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	IRIS (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

•	OW (2008): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 196 of 419


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1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 91 of 20,407 (0.45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 200 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,800 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1-2 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 466 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,098 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 6,771 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.38 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 3,039 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 2.1 - 18 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 4 of 4,714 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.8 - 4.28 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,521 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 158 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 197 of 419


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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Background

CASRN

96-18-4

DTXSID

DTXSID9021390

Contaminant Group/Use

Paint ingredient

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	National finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.47xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.22
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.96xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 5,040 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

50

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 198 of 419


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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (2009)

Critical Effect

Forestomach neoplasms

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

30 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.00230 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	IRIS (2009): CCL-HRL = 23.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day

•	OW (1989): CCL-HRL = 35.5 |ig/L; RfD = 0.006 mg/kg/day

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

0 10-day Health Advisory = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)

Other:

• CalEPA OEHHA (2009):

0 CCL-HRL = 0.00118 |ig/L; CSF = 25 (mg/kg/day)1
0 CCL-HRL = 33.7 |ig/L; RfD = 0.004 mg/kg/day



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 199 of 419


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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CalEPA OEHHA (2009):

•	Public Health Goal = 0.0000007 mg/L (0.0007 |ig/L)

•	Benchmark = 0.000005 mg/L (0.005 |ig/L)

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.000003 mg/L (0.003 |ig/L)
o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.007 mg/L (7 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (2021): Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day; Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 320 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 0.806 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	IRIS (2009): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

•	WHO IARC (1995): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 200 of 419


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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence

(slide 1 of 2)

Best Available Occurrence Information

UCMR 3 (2013-2015): Detected in 67 of 4,916 (1.36%) sites; Concentration range
= 0.03 - 1.02 ng/L

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 44 of 17,392 (0.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 112 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 19 of 24,088 (0.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 3,000 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 69 of 502 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 29 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 885 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,204 (0%) sites

•	CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site; Median and 90th percentile concentrations are 400 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 201 of 419


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1,2,3-Trichloropropane: Occurrence

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,695 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 |ig/L- 2.92 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 3,640 (1.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 [xg/l - 1.16 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 373 of 4,640 (8.04%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 |ig/L - 270 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 1.9 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 130 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 14 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,690 (0.06%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0322 |ig/L - 0.0348 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Detected in 1 of 112 (0.89%) sites; Concentration = 0.33 \xg/l

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 685 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 |ig/L - 0.526 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 202 of 419


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1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Background

CASRN

95-63-6

DTXSID

DTXSID6021402

Contaminant Group/Use

Chemical intermediate; vermifuge

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and finished ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.98 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.17xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.67
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.13xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.61xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 6,705,334 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

61

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 203 of 419


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1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (2016)

Critical Effect

Decreased pain sensitivity

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.01 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L

Additional Health Information

Other:

•	MN DOH (2023):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (30 |ig/L)

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.33 mg/L (330 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3280 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	IRIS (2016): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)

•	PPRTV (2007): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

•	OW (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 204 of 419


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1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 106 of 12,755 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 77 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 174 of 22,965 (0.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 137 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 405 (1.23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.039 - 22.3 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 11 of 884 (1.24%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 2.4 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1,188 (0.08%) sites; Concentration = 1.4 \xg/l

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 695 of 7,705 (9.02%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 260 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 217 of 3,703 (5.86%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 180 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 4,250 (0.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.034 - 3.5 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 130 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.6 - 0.8 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,665 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 18 of 685 (2.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.012 - 0.274 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 205 of 419


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1,3-Dichloropropene: Background

CASRN

542-75-6

DTXSID

DTXSID1022057

Contaminant Group/Use

Pesticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.37 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.11
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 52.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 7,907 lbs
USGS (2016): 59,344,846 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

185

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 206 of 419


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1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2008)

Critical Effect

Forestomach, liver, adrenal, and thyroid tumors found in male rats

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.122 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.243 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2008): CCL-HRL= 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day

•	DWHSA (2018):

o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.00027 (0.27 |ig/L)

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 207 of 419


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1,3-Dichloropropene: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDC ATSDR (2008):

o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.03 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.04 mg/kg/day

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019):

o Public Health Goal = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L)
o CSF = 0.091 (mg/kg/day)1

•	WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018): Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 94 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 33.2 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2008): L (likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

•	WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 208 of 419


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1,3-Dichloropropene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCMR 1 Small Systems (2001-2003): Not detected in 796 (0%) sites

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 15 of 9,164 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-2 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 58 of 16,787 (0.35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2 - 39 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 464 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5-1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 879 (0.11%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 \xg/l

Ambient Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 4,667 (0.11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.52 - 10 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 129 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 112 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 94 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 209 of 419


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2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid

(MCPP): Background

CASRN

93-65-2

DTXSID

DTXSID9024194

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.66xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.97
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 57.9 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.72xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 254 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,823 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

120

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 210 of 419


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2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP):

Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2019)

Critical Effect

Increased kidney weights and chronic nephropathy

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.04 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:



• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.7 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 9.00

mg/kg/day



Other:



• WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 369 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:



• OPP (2019): S (Suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 211 of 419


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2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid

(MCPP): Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 12 (50%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.19 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 27 of 229 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00052 - 0.16 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 107 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 212 of 419


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2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid

(MCPA): Background

CASRN

94-74-6

DTXSID

DTXSID4024195

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.08xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.70
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 77.9 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.28xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 474 lbs
USGS (2016): 4,113,376 lbs

PubMed Article Count

419

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 213 of 419


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2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA):

Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Nephrotoxicity

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.044 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 260 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.210 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.02 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
3.00 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 214 of 419


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2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA):

Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 439 mg/kg

•	CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.35 mg/L (350 |ig/L)
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 215 of 419


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2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid

(MCPA): Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 17 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.24 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 142 of 7,656 (1.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 18.6 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 41 of 1,411 (2.91%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 1.69 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 13 of 229 (5.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00065 - 0.86 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 61 (1.64%) sites; Concentration = 13 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0217 - 0.1057 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 101 of 702 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.052 - 13.59 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 216 of 419


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2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):

Background

CASRN

94-82-6

DTXSID

DTXSID7024035

Contaminant Group/Use

Disinfection Byproduct

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.48xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.50
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.14xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 1,445,891 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

32

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 217 of 419


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2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):

Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Increased early resorptions; decreased body weight, increased kidney
weight, increased incidence of tubular degeneration in females

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.15 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 847 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.15 mg/L (150 |ig/L); Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.89 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 4.2 mg/L (4,200 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjustment Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 4.96 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0
mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 218 of 419


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2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB):

Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 400 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenetic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 219 of 419


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2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB)

Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.023 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 760 (0.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.13 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 229 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 620 (0.16%) sites; Concentration = 6.2 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0281 - 0.1255 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 4 of 212 (1.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.22 - 1.08 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 14 of 125 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.1 \xg/l

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 220 of 419


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4-tert-Octylphenol: Background

CASRN

140-66-9

DTXSID

DTXSID9022360

Contaminant Group/Use

Used in nonionic surfactants, plasticizers, antioxidants, fuel oil stabilizer,
intermediate for resins, fungicides, bactericides, dyestuffs, adhesives, rubber
chemicals

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	No EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.07 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 7.94xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.45xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.58xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 50,000,000 - <100,000,000 lbs

PubMed Article Count

204

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 221 of 419


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4-tert-Octylphenol: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

NA

Critical Effect

NA

Target Population

NA

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

NA

Health Value

NA

Additional Health Information





Other:

•	MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 67.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.051 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

•	Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 222 of 419


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4-te rt-Octy I phenol: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 567 (6.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.59 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 90 of 1,406 (6.4%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 42.6 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0204 - 0.355 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2011-2017): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 223 of 419


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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine:

Background

CASRN

3397-62-4

DTXSID

DTXSID1037806

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 8.32 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.12xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -4.82xl0"2
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.5 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.55xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

7

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 224 of 419


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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine:

Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge in females ages 13-49 (estrous
cycle disruption)

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0676 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0018 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose = 0.01 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.700 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.60
mg/kg/day

Other:

• CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) = 100 |ig/day

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 225 of 419


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6-Chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.05 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 656 of 3,405 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.68 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 325 of 1,085 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 2.45 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 76 of 227 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.015 - 2.9 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 86 of 584 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 6.3 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 0.17 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 226 of 419


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Acephate: Background

CASRN

30560-19-1

DTXSID

DTXSID8023846

Contaminant Group

Insecticide

Contaminant Group/Use

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	National ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.783
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.79 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.11 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 74,970 lbs
TRI (2016): 27,210 lbs
USGS (2016): 4,373,575 lbs

PubMed Article Count

160

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 227 of 419


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Acephate: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase in male pups on postnatal day 11

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0003 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.397 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

• OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0003 mg/kg/day
• ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.250 mg/kg/day; subchronic LOAEL = 0.120 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 233 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 228 of 419


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Acephate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 135 of 1760 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 - 10.4 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 835 (4.19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00082 - 10.4 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 34 of 118 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.132 - 13.5 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 229 of 419


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Ametryn: Background

CASRN

834-12-8

DTXSID

DTXSID1023869

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.11
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 310 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.51xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 33,682 lbs
USGS (2016): 188,062 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

68

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 230 of 419


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Ametryn: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2017)

Critical Effect

Degenerative and inflammatory liver effects

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.072 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 426 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 9 mg/L (9,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.9 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 7.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 36.1 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 508 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2017): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 231 of 419


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Ametryn: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information



Finished Drinking Water



• Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA: Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

Ambient Water



• USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 141 of 2,091 (6.74%) sites; Concentration range = lxlO 4 |ig/L- 1.05 \xg/l

• USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 43 of 1,003 (4.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00092 |ig/L-0.266 |ig/L

• Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 17 (0%) sites

• Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites

• SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 71 (0%) sites



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 232 of 419


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Bensulide: Background

CASRN

741-58-2

DTXSID

DTXSID9032329

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 200 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.17
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.45xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 710,457 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

4

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 233 of 419


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Bensulide: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Inhibition of red blood cell cholinesterase in pups

Target Population

Bottle-fed infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.006 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 7.95 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.15 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.00
mg/kg/day

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 270 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2016): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 234 of 419


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Bensulide: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Ambient Water

• SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 320 of 544 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 |ig/L - 142 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 235 of 419


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Bentazon: Background

CASRN

25057-89-0

DTXSID

DTXSID0023901

Contaminant Group/Use

Former herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.57xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.21
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 81.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.02xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 2,631,678 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

118

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 236 of 419


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Bentazon: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2014)

Critical Effect

Decreased pup body weight during lactation

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.15 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 199 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.20 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 13.1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 243.3 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 237 of 419


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Bentazon: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)

•	CalEPA OEHHA (2009): Public Health Goal = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 383.2 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2014): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 238 of 419


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Bentazon: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 17 (47%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L - 0.1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 211 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 470 of 7,741 (6.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00051 |ig/L - 19 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 135 of 1,535 (8.79%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00117 |ig/L- 13.2 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 79 of 229 (34%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 |ig/L- 1.31 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 2,231 (0.13%) sites; Concentration range = 4.6 |ig/L - 9.2 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 13 of 690 (1.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 |ig/L - 0.398 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0116 |ig/L - 0.088 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 4 of 126 (3.2%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.03 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 239 of 419


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Bifenthrin: Background

CASRN

82657-04-3

DTXSID

DTXSID9020160

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 7.14
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.29xl05 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.76xl0"8 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 16,519 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,403,807 lbs

PubMed Article Count

246

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 240 of 419


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Bifenthrin: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2012)

Critical Effect

Reduced locomotor activity

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.010 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 13.2 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

• Acute Benchmark = 0.21 mg/L (210 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.031 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 5.00
mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 54.5 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2012): C (Possible human carcinogen)



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 241 of 419


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Bifenthrin: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0053 - 0.036 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,994 (1.05%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~5 - 0.129 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 966 (2.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00148 - 0.35 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 201 (0.5%) sites; Concentration = 0.008 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 584 (0.17%) sites; Concentration = lxlO 4 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0218 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 970 of 4,917 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00062 - 5.633527 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 242 of 419


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Boron: Background

CASRN

7440-42-8

DTXSID

DTXSID3023922

Contaminant Group/Use

Former pesticide; oxygen scavenger; catalyst; in composite structural
materials

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	National finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = NA
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = NA
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.230
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = NA
Water Solubility = 4.04 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 64,606 lbs

PubMed Article Count

3,232

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 243 of 419


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Boron: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OW HA (2008)

Critical Effect

Decreased fetal body weights

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.17 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 960 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	IRIS (2004): CCL-HRL = 1,130 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 244 of 419


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Boron: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDWG:

o (1990): CCL-HRL = 207 |ig/L; RfD = 0.035 mg/kg/day

o (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L); (Proposed MAC = 2mg/L (2,000 |ig/L))
o Health Based Value = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	WHO (2009):

o CCL-HRL = 960 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.17 mg/kg/day
o Drinking water Guideline Value = 2.4 mg/L (2,400 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (2010): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)

Cancer Classification:

•	IRIS (2004): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 245 of 419


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Boron: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NIRS (1984-1986): Detected in 810 of 989 (82%) sites; Concentration range = 5
3,950 |J.g/L

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 192 of 273 (70%) sites; Concentration range = 0.076 - 9,000 |ig/L

•	CWSS (2006): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites; Median concentration = 140 |ig/L, 90th percentile concentration = 200 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 6,014 of 6,327 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 8,470 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 9,526 of 10,148 (94%) sites; Concentration range = 1 - 564,000 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1,184 of 1,929 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0151 - 235,000 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 738 of 757 (97%) sites; Concentration range = 3 - 4080 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 246 of 419


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Bromacil: Background

CASRN

314-40-9

DTXSID

DTXSID4022020

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.35xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.95
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 39.8 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.63xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 253,973 lbs

PubMed Article Count

47

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 247 of 419


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Bromacil: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Decreases in mean absolute body weight and decreased food efficiency

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0196 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 116 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.64 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.82 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 641 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen)



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 248 of 419


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Bromacil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 15 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.069 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 174 (0%) sites

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 482 of 7,914 (6.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00043 - 21.7 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 53 of 227 (23%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 21.8 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2,117 (0.05%) sites; Concentration = 1.5 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 32 of 690 (4.64%) sites; Concentration range = 4xl0~4 - 7.76 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.1 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 100 of 2,953 (3.39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.027 - 68 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 249 of 419


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Bromoxynil: Background

CASRN

1689-84-5

DTXSID

DTXSID3022162

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.90 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.38x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.96xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 31 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,957,908 lbs

PubMed Article Count

73

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 250 of 419


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Bromoxynil: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Hepatocellular tumors

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.103 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.287 [ig/L

Additional Health Information







EPA:

•	OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 88.8 |ig/L; RfD = 0.015 mg/kg/day

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.089 mg/L (89 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.015 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.08 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.300 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 251 of 419


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Bromoxynil: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 63 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 252 of 419


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Bromoxynil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 7,736 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 6.1 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 10 of 1,535 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0056 - 0.269 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 8 (12%) sites; Concentration = 0.065 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0128 - 0.1185 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 253 of 419


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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Background

CASRN

85-68-7

DTXSID

DTXSID3020205

Contaminant Group/Use

Chemical intermediate; plasticizer

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.88xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.83
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.91x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.30xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs

PubMed Article Count

179

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 254 of 419


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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

PPRTV (2002)

Critical Effect

Increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in male F334 rats

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.0019 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 15.6 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day

•	IRIS (1989): CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; Chronic RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.0001 (0.10 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 255 of 419


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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 1,200 |ig/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg

•	CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 347 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	PPRTV (2002): C (Possible human carcinogen)

•	WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)

•	OW (1991): C (Possible human carcinogen)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 256 of 419


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Butyl Benzyl Phthalate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 21 (4.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 0.077 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 484 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 22 (9.09%) sites; Concentration = 1.3 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 32 of 487 (6.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.2-5 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 221 (0.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 8.5 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 638 (0.16%) sites; Concentration range = 4.7 - 5.7 \xg/l

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 257 of 419


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Carbamazepine: Background

CASRN

298-46-4

DTXSID

DTXSID4022731

Contaminant Group/Use

Analgesic; anticonvulsant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 6.61 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.24xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.41
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 550 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.30xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

10,111

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 258 of 419


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Carbamazepine: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OW (FDA/NIH (2018))

Critical Effect

Lowest therapeutic dose: anticonvulsant/ seizure therapy

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0008 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-SL = 5.60 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:



• OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 20.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0008 mg/kg/day (General Population)

Other:



• MN DOH (accessed 2018):



0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)



0 Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)

0 Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)

0 Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)



• FDA (2008): MRDD = 26.7 mg/kg/day



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 259 of 419


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Carbamazepine: Occurrence

(slide 1 of 2)

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005503 |ig/L - 0.0007611 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 2 of 25 (8%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0265 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 |ig/L - 2.5xl0~5 ฑ 8.8xl0~6 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 260 of 419


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Carbamazepine: Occurrence

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 62 of 626 (9.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 0.468 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 304 of 1,441 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 74 of 182 (41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.2493 |ig/L

•	Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 18 of 1,106 (1.63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029133 -0.1620862 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0008717 - 0.3827473 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 7 of 25 (28%) sites; Maximum concentration 0.0357 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5x107 ฑ 1x107 - 4.1xl0~6 ฑ 1.2xl0~6 \xg/l

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.014 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 261 of 419


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Carbaryl: Background

CASRN

63-25-2

DTXSID

DTXSID9020247

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide; Veterinary Medication

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.38xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.39
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 194 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.18xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 872 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,981,350 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

1,135

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 262 of 419


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Carbaryl: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2017)

Critical Effect

Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose

0.01 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 13.2 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:



• OPP (2017): CCL-HRL = 33.8 |ig/L; CSF = 0.000875 (mg/kg/day)1

• DWSHA (2018):



o 10-day Health Advisory = 1 mg/L (1,000 |ig/L)



Other:



• CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)

• HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 128 mg/kg



• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 4.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:



• OPP (2017): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)



• WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 263 of 419


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Carbaryl: Occurrence

(slide 1 of 2)

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 4 of 12,623 sites (0.03%); Concentration range = 0.68 - 3 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.3 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 171 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 264 of 419


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Carbaryl: Occurrence

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 820 of 11,274 (7.27%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.00038 - 23.5 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 387 of 5,221 sites (7.41%); Concentration range = 0.00037 - 3.13 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 229 sites (3.06%); Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.33 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,747 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.75 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 6 of 796 sites (0.75%); Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0033 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 11 of 38 sites (29%); Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.257 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 332 of 9,207 sites (3.61%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 13 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 35 of 133 (26%) samples; Maximum concentration = 1.3 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 265 of 419


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Carbendazim: Background

CASRN

10605-21-7

DTXSID

DTXSID4024729

Contaminant Group/Use

Fungicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.55
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 172 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.67xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

519

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 266 of 419


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Carbendazim: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2014)

Critical Effect

Hepatocellular adenoma and/or carcinoma

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor

0.00239 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 12.4 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	OPP (2014): CCL-HRL = 148 |ig/L; RfD = 0.025 mg/kg/day

•	OPP(HHBP) (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.83 mg/L (830 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.14 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.93 mg/L (930 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.014 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 7.19 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 16.5 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 267 of 419


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Carbendazim: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg
Cancer classification:

•	OPP (2014): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 268 of 419


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Carbendazim: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 7 sites (14%); Concentration = 0.003 |ig/L
Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 212 of 1,757 sites (12%); Concentration range = 0.00014 - 1.79 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 115 sites (3.48%); Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.121 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. (2016): Detected in 5 of 584 (0.86%) of sites; Concentration range = 0.0013 - 0.157 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 33 of 122 sites (27%); Concentration range = 0.0043 -0.1559 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 269 of 419


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Carbon disulfide: Background

CASRN

75-15-0

DTXSID

DTXSID6023947

Contaminant Group/Use

Former insecticide/fumigant; rubber additive; industrial solvent; chemical
intermediate

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 17.8 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"2 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 133 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.96xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 250,000,000 - <500,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 76,858,325 lbs

PubMed Article Count

1,770

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 270 of 419


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Carbon disulfide: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (1987)

Critical Effect

Fetal toxicity and fetal malformations

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.1 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 565 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





Other:

•	CDC ATSDR (1996):

o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.01 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.7 mg/L (700 |ig/L)

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Benchmark = 0.16 mg/L (160 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,125 mg/kg



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 271 of 419


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Carbon disulfide: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 127 (6.3%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 8.72 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 9 of 26 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01649 - 0.2946 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 723 of 6,049 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 34 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 183 of 3,385 (5.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 12.4 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 20 of 799 (2.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.51 - 240 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 120 of 685 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 4.2 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01248 - 0.2378 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 272 of 419


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Chlorothalonil: Background

CASRN

1897-45-6

DTXSID

DTXSID0020319

Contaminant Group/Use

Fungicide; bacteriocide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.16
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.65xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.10xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 1,036,631 lbs
USGS (2016): 11,506,189 lbs

PubMed Article Count

251

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 273 of 419


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Chlorothalonil: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2010)

Critical Effect

Renal epithelial hyperplasia in the proximal convoluted tubules of females

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.02 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 118 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.80 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 0.900 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
2.30 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 274 of 419


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Chlorothalonil: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.017 (mg/kg/day)1

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Cancer Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 242 mg/kg

•	CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 1,180 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2010): L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

•	WHO IARC (1998): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 275 of 419


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Chlorothalonil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 12 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 69 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 21 of 5,787 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 3.33 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 22 of 207 (11%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4 - 0.158 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 3.2 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 739 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.018 - 0.036 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 5 of 38 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0033 - 0.0065 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 565 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0067 - 0.187 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 276 of 419


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Clothianidin: Background

CASRN

210880-92-5

DTXSID

DTXSID2034465

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.290
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 17.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.06xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 163,492 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

121

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 277 of 419


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Clothianidin: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2019)

Critical Effect

Decreased body weight gain, delayed sexual maturation, decreased thymus
weights in first filial generation pups, increased stillbirths in F1 and F2

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.098 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 130 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



bPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.58 mg/L (580 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.098 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 1.7 mg/L (1,700 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.25 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 21.2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 40.90000153
mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 278 of 419


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Clothianidin: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 389 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2019): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 279 of 419


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Clothianidin: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 sites (30%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.018 |ig/L

•	Klarich et al. (2016): Detected in 16 of 20 sites (80%); Concentration range = 0.00389 - 0.03346 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1 of 5 sites (20%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 0.0019 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 59 of 143 sites (41%); Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4- 1.34 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 227 sites (1.32%); Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.045 |ig/L

•	Bradley at al. (2012-2014): Detected in 9 of 38 sites (24%); Concentration range = 0.0026 - 0.0663 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 5 of 279 sites (1.79%); Concentration range = 0.0311 - 0.0675 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 280 of 419


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Cycloate: Background

CASRN

1134-23-2

DTXSID

DTXSID6032356

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide for annual grasses, nutgrass, many broadleafweeds in sugar
beets, table beets, spinach

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.69 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.70xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.82
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 377 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.33xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 10 lbs
USGS (2016): 48,166 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

9

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 281 of 419


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Cycloate: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Spinal nerve axonal atrophy and femoral nerve alteration in females

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0005 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 2.96 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.005 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.44 mg/L (440 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.066 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB: NOAEL = 0.500 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.10 mg/kg/day

Other:

• HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,275 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 282 of 419


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Cycloate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 2,751 sites (0.15%); Concentration range = 0.009 - 0.48 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 984 sites (0.2%); Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.128 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 121 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 16 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013) Not detected in 106 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.0287 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 180 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0136 - 0.601 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 283 of 419


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Deisopropylatrazine: Background

CASRN

1007-28-9

DTXSID

DTXSID0037495

Contaminant Group/Use

Degradation product of atrazine

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5 List

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.OOxlO"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.23
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 51.3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.52xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

12

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 284 of 419


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Deisopropylatrazine: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption)

Target Population

Woman of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.076 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 18.0
mg/kg/day

Other:

• CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 285 of 419


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Deisopropylatrazine: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 0.469 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 802 of 4,489 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 4.44 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 374 of 2,038 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 2.66 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 68 of 229 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0027 - 1.03 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 61 of 690 (8.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.489 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 286 of 419


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Desethylatrazine: Background

CASRN

6190-65-4

DTXSID

DTXSID5037494

Contaminant Group/Use

Degradation product of atrazine

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5 List

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 97.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 8.77xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

15

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 287 of 419


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Desethylatrazine: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge (estrous cycle disruption)

Target Population

Woman of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.076 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 429 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 3.30 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 35.1 mg/kg/day

Other:

• CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 288 of 419


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Desethylatrazine: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 17 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00072 - 0.928 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.032 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4,408 of 11,386 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00068 - 6.08 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 1,628 of 4,228 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00075 - 3.63 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 155 of 229 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000716 - 1.55 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 115 of 690 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.802 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 26 of 38 (68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0047 - 0.851 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 21 of 134 (16%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.013 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 0.114 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 289 of 419


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Diazepam: Background

CASRN

439-14-5

DTXSID

DTXSID4020406

Contaminant Group/Use

Anxiolytic; skeletal muscle relaxant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.86
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 776 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.59xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

25,902

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 290 of 419


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Diazepam: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OW (FDA/NIH (2018))

Critical Effect

Lowest therapeutic dose: anxiolytic, sedative, muscle-relaxant,
anticonvulsant and amnestic effects

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-SL = 0.110 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 0.390 |ig/L; RfD = 1.66667xl0"5 mg/kg/day (General Population)

Other:

•	FDA (2008): MRDD = 0.667 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 48 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 291 of 419


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Diazepam: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.00085 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 556 (0.36%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00047 - 0.00115 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 611 (0.65%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.18 |ig/L

•	Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Not detected in 1,106 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001681 - 0.0047434 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 292 of 419


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Dicamba: Background

CASRN

1918-00-9

DTXSID

DTXSID4024018

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.51xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.47
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 29.4 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.04xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 103,389 lbs
USGS (2016): 9,773,162 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

148

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 293 of 419


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Dicamba: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Decreased pup weight

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.04 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 53.0 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:



• DWSHA (accessed 2018):



0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)



• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 30.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 122 mg/kg/day

Other:



• CDWG (2022): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.11 mg/L (110 |ig/L)

• MN DOH (accessed 2018):



0 Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)



• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 757 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:



• OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 294 of 419


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Dicamba: Occurrence

(slide 1 of 2)

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information



Finished Drinking Water



• UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 48 of 14,034 (0.34%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 4.06 \xg/l

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 12 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.025 - 0.094 |ig/L

• Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 185 (0%) sites

• Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 819 (0.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.7 |ig/L

• Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 782 (0%) sites

• CWSS (2006): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 295 of 419


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Dicamba: Occurrence

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991 - 2017): Detected in 133 of 7,759 (1.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 9.97 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008 - 2017): Detected 26 of 1,539 (1.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 16.6 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 229 (2.62%) sites; Concentration range= 0.0165 -0.112 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 1,936 (0.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.21 - 3 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.44 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 968 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 117 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.474 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.1453 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 286 of 1,058 (27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 14 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.58 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 296 of 419


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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Background

CASRN

62-73-7

DTXSID

DTXSID5020449

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide; veterinary medicine

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.07xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.00
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 56.3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.117 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

1,106

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 297 of 419


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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP HHBP (2020)

Critical Effect

Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.00006 mg/kg/day

Health Value

0.3 |ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2006): CCL-HRL = 2.96 |ig/L; 0.0005 mg/kg/day

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 0.100 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 1.50
mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 298 of 419


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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDC ATSDR (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.0005 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimum Risk Level = 0.004 mg/kg/day

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): CSF = 0.29 (mg/kg/day)1

•	CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 3.21 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 6.51 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)

•	WHO IARC (1990) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 299 of 419


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Dichlorvos (DDVP): Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.027 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 60 of 4,978 (1.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0012 - 0.402 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 3,859 (1.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0062 - 2.24 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 120 (0.83%) sites; Concentration range= 0.027 - 0.0595 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 30 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 20 of 9,029 (0.22%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 0.634 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 300 of 419


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Dicrotophos: Background

CASRN

141-66-2

DTXSID

DTXSID9023914

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.01xl0"n atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.424
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 27.6 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.45 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 1,067,130 lbs

PubMed Article Count

28

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 301 of 419


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Dicrotophos: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Inhibition of brain cholinesterase in adult rat

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.00003 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.0397 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.0002 mg/L (0.2 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00003 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.005 mg/L (0.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00007 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 9 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2015): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 302 of 419


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Dicrotophos: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 - 0.0034 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 33 of 4,916 (0.67%) sites; Concentration range = 5.00xl0~4 - 6.83 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 145 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0015 -0.0015 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 303 of 419


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Diethyl phthalate: Background

CASRN

84-66-2

DTXSID

DTXSID7021780

Contaminant Group/Use

Solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, plasticizer, wetting agent;
in plastics, perfumery as fixative and solvent, alcohol denaturant,
plasticizer in solid rocket propellants.

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.13 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.63
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 102 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.53xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

219

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 304 of 419


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Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OW (1992)

Critical Effect

Decreased weight gain and kidney weight

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.75 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 4,440 |J.g/L

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 4,730 |ig/L; RfD = 0.8 mg/kg/day

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 56.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 197 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 305 of 419


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Diethyl phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (1995):

o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 6 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 7 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OW (1992): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

•	IRIS (1988): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 306 of 419


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Diethyl phthalate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 6.2 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 483 (0.21%) sites; Concentration = 4.9 \xg/l

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 46 (6.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 189 of 1,236 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.06 - 60.4 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 113 (1.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 13.6 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 638 (0.31%) sites; Concentration range = 0.421 - 1.1 \xg/l

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.128 - 0.142 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 307 of 419


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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA):

Background

CASRN

380412-59-9

DTXSID

DTXSID4037530

Contaminant Group/Use

Pesticide metabolite

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	No EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.43
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 33.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = l.llxlO"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

NA

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 308 of 419


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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA): Health

Effects

EPA Health Assessment

NA

Critical Effect

NA

Target Population

NA

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

NA

Health Value

NA

Additional Health Information





Other:

•	MN DOH (2013): CCL-SL = 355 |ig/L; RfD = 0.06 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.6 mg/L (600 |ig/L)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 309 of 419


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Dimethenamid Oxanilic Acid (OA)

Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 12 (42%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00105 - 0.03 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 73 of 2,539 (2.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0126 - 0.596 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 25 of 229 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001049 - 0.061 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration = 0.02 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 310 of 419


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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Background

CASRN

84-74-2

DTXSID

DTXSID2021781

Contaminant Group/Use

Plasticizer in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polish and
solid rocket propellants; in perfumes; in textiles; in safety glass; insecticides; in
printing inks; resin solvent; paper coatings; and adhesives

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.37 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.82xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.68
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.65xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.45xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 1,000,000 - <10,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 248,348 lbs

PubMed Article Count

831

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 311 of 419


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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

Health Assessment

CDC ATSDR (2001)

Critical Effect

Absence of increased mortality and hematological effects

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.5 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 2,820 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	OW (1991): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day

•	IRIS (1987): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 312 of 419


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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 4,840 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

•	IRIS (1987): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 313 of 419


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Di-n-butyl phthalate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.137 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 483 (0.41%) sites; Concentration range = 0.637 - 26.4 \xg/l

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 4 of 22 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3-2 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008 -2017): Detected in 71 of 514 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.04 - 5 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 7 of 247 (2.83%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 8.1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - FL (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1 - 1.1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 8 of 638 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.477 - 6 \xg/l

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 314 of 419


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Esfenvalerate: Background

CASRN

66230-04-4

DTXSID

DTXSID4032667

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide; medication

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.32xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 6.48
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 3.07xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.05xl0"8 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 157,875 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

483

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 315 of 419


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Esfenvalerate: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2017)

Critical Effect

Reduced locomotor activity

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0037 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 4.90 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP(HHBP) (2021):

o Acute Benchmark = 0.073 mg/L (73 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.011 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 88 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2017): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity)



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 316 of 419


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Esfenvalerate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 2,965 (0%) sites

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Not detected in 143 (0%) sites

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 119 (0%) sites

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 152 of 4,983 (3.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.000335 -3.48 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 317 of 419


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Fipronil: Background

CASRN

120068-37-3

DTXSID

DTXSID4034609

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide, seed treatment/protectant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 5.23x10s L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.86xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 7,124 lbs

PubMed Article Count

590

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 318 of 419


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Fipronil: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2011)

Critical Effect

Increased incidence of seizures and death, alterations in clinical chemistry (protein),
increased thyroid stimulating hormone, decreased thyroxine (T4)

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0002 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 1.13 [ig/l

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0002 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.025 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50xl0~2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.90xl0~2 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 0.320 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protectior
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 319 of 419


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Fipronil: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 91 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2011): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 320 of 419


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Fipronil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 402 of 5,307 (7.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00014 - 6.41 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 367 of 4,062 (9.03%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00022 - 0.181 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 15 of 121 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00058 - 0.013 |ig/L

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.003 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 17 of 38 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0066 - 0.153 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 513 of 1,135 (45%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00031 - 2.11 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 5 of 119 (4.2%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.041 \xg/l

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 321 of 419


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Flufenacet: Background

CASRN

142459-58-3

DTXSID

DTXSID2032552

Contaminant Group/Use

Preemergent herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.13xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.15
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.52xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.25xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 115,383 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

13

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 322 of 419


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Flufenacet: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Decreased pup body weight, delayed eye opening, delayed preputial separation,
decreased caudate putamen size

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0017 (mg/kg/day)

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 2.25 [ig/l

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.010 mg/L (10 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.011 mg/L (11 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0017 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.29 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.20 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.70 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 6
mg/kg/day

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 371 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be a human carcinogen)

United States
Environmental Protectior
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 323 of 419


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Flufenacet: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 4 (25%) sites; Concentration = 0.075 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 15 of 973 (1.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.44 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 3 of 455 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 0.08 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 324 of 419


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Fluometuron: Background

CASRN

2164-17-2

DTXSID

DTXSID8020628

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 9.12xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.37
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 117 L/kg
Water Solubility = 7.00xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 1,023,468 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

34

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 325 of 419


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Fluometuron: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Combined adenomas/carcinomas in the lung of males and malignant
lymphocytic lymphomas in females

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.018 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 1.64 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2016): CCL-HRL = 29.6 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 326 of 419


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Fluometuron: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 810 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 55.4 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	WHO IARC (1987): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	OPP (2016): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 327 of 419


-------
Fluometuron: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 15 (40%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001998 - 0.042 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 242 of 7,813 (3.1%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 31.5 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,744 (2.29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00424 - 2.71 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; 0.001998 - 0.229 [xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 24 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 7 of 690 (1.01%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003 - 0.0514 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0086 - 0.0175 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 1 of 393 (0.25%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L

•	USGS McKenzie River, Oregon 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 2 of 126 (1.6%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.02 \xg/l

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 328 of 419


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Fluoranthene: Background

CASRN

206-44-0

DTXSID

DTXSID3024104

Contaminant Group/Use

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; occurs as a result of incomplete burning

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 148 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 8.91xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.10
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.66xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.78xl0"7 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 775,055 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

398

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 329 of 419


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Fluoranthene: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (1990)

Critical Effect

Nephropathy, increased liver weights, hematological alterations, and clinical
effects

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.04 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 237 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	PPRTV (2012): Subchronic RfD = 0.1 mg/kg/day

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 330 of 419


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Fluoranthene: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	WHO (2003): CCL-HRL = 74.0 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.0125 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (1995):

o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.4 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,000 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	PPRTV (2012): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)

•	WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 331 of 419


-------
Fluoranthene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 20 (5%) sites; Concentration = 0.002 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 42 of 589 (7.13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.15 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 345 of 1,961 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 25.6 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 90 (1.11%) sites; Concentration = 0.034 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0045 - 0.0564 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 332 of 419


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Fluoxetine: Background

CASRN

54910-89-3

DTXSID

DTXSID7023067

Contaminant Group/Use

Antidepressant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.25
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.27xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

8,127

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 333 of 419


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Fluoxetine: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OW (FDA/NIH (2018))

Critical Effect

Lowest therapeutic dose: treatment of major depressive disorder/bulimia;
nervosa/obsessive compulsive disorder/Panic disorder

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.00008 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-SL = 0.560 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 2.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.00008 mg/kg/day (General Population)

Other:

• FDA (2018): MRDD = 1.33 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 334 of 419


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Fluoxetine: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.92xl0~5 ฑ 7xl0~7 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 3 of 557 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00585 - 0.0171 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 4 of 607 (0.66%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 0.169 |ig/L

•	Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 10 of 182 (5.49%) sites; Concentration range = 9xl0~4 - 0.0248 |ig/L

•	Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 1 of 1,106 (0.09%) sites; Concentration = 0.0170815 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065174 - 0.0246002 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 9 (11%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.00053 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 3 of 8 (38%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 9xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 335 of 419


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Gemfibrozil: Background

CASRN

25812-30-0

DTXSID

DTXSID0020652

Contaminant Group/Use

Antihyperlipoproteinemic

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 5.75xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.44
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 214 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

1,287

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 336 of 419


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Gemfibrozil: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OW (FDA/NIH (2018))

Critical Effect

Lowest therapeutic dose: lipid regulation (decreases very low-density
lipoprotein (VLDL), increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol)

Target Population

Bottle-Fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.005 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-SL = 33.0 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 120 |ig/L; RfD = 0.005 mg/kg/day (General Population)

Other:

•	FDA (2018): MRDD = 20 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 316 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• WHO IARC (1996): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

Office of Water

Slide 337 of 419


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Gemfibrozil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 27 of 182 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0051 - 0.1125 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 338 of 419


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Hexazinone: Background

CASRN

51235-04-2

DTXSID

DTXSID4024145

Contaminant Group/Use

Post emergence contact herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.07xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.94
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 41.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.63xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 1,574 lbs
USGS (2016): 483,326 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

56

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 339 of 419


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Hexazinone: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Decreased body weight, hepatoxicity (clinical chemical changes and
microscopic lesions)

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.05 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 296 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (2014): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 31.6 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 123
mg/kg/day

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 860 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2015): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 340 of 419


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Hexazinone: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.087 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0065 - 0.0087 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 375 of 4,886 (7.67%) sites; Concentration range = l.OOxlO 4- 1.23 |ig/L
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 218 (6.42%) sites; Concentration range = 8xl0~4 - 0.021 |ig/L
Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Arnold et al. 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 39 of 690 (5.65%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0929 |ig/L
Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 7 of 38 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0029 - 0.0466 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 347 o2f 1,615 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0036 - 35 |ig/L

USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 19 of 71 (27%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.097 \xg/l
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2002-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 341 of 419


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Iprodione: Background

CASRN

36734-19-7

DTXSID

DTXSID3024154

Contaminant Group/Use

Fungicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.09xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.99
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 510 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.85xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 376,298 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

100

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 342 of 419


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Iprodione: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2012)

Critical Effect

Leydig cell tumor

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.0439 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.674 |ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2012): CCL-HRL = 296 |ig/L; RfD = 0.05 mg/kg/day

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.36 mg/L (360 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.061 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 12.4 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 60.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 151 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 3,500 mg/kg



Cancer Classification

• OPP (2012): = L (Likely to be carcinogenic to humans)



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 343 of 419


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Iprodione: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 11 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et. al 2018 (2016): Detected in 2 of 26 (7.69%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0174 - 0.0174 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 46 of 3,669 (1.25%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 141 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 33 of 2,582 (1.28%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 1.24 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0246 - 0.0855 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 15 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 344 of 419


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Isophorone: Background

CASRN

78-59-1

DTXSID

DTXSID8020759

Contaminant Group/Use

Solvent mixtures for finishes, for polyvinyl and nitrocellulose resins, stoving
lacquers

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.72 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.72xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.10
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 70.1 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.91xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lbs

PubMed Article Count

35

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 345 of 419


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Isophorone: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (1999)

Critical Effect

Preputial gland carcinoma

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.000608 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 48.7 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	OW (1992):

o CCL-HRL = 7.40 |ig/L; CSF = 0.004 (mg/kg/day)-1
o CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day

•	OPP (1999): CCL-HRL = 888 |ig/L; RfD = 0.15 mg/kg/day

•	IRIS (1992):

o CCL-HRL = 31.1 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00095 (mg/kg/day)1
o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 346 of 419


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Isophorone: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 15 mg/L (15,000 |ig/L)

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.034 mg/L (34 |ig/L)
Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (2018):

o CCL-HRL = 1,180 |ig/L; RfD = 0.2 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk level = 3 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,000 mg/kg

•	CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 203 mg/kg/day
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (1999): C (Possible human carcinogen)

•	IRIS (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen)

•	OW (1992): C (Possible human carcinogen)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 347 of 419


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Isophorone: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 12 (8.33%) sites; Concentration = 0.149 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.032 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 52 of 1,920 (2.71%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.9 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 513 of 2,701 (19%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 18.2 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 47 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 527 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 24 of 38 (63%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.0991 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 348 of 419


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Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Background

CASRN

98-82-8

DTXSID

DTXSID1021827

Contaminant Group/Use

NA

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 14.8 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.52xl0"2 atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OlxlO3 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.24xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 5,000,000,000 - <10,000,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 994,604 lbs

PubMed Article Count

93

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 349 of 419


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Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

IRIS (1997)

Critical Effect

Increased average kidney weight

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.1 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o 10-day Health Advisory = 11 mg/L (11,000 |ig/L)



Other:

•	WHO (1999): CCL-HRL = 592 |ig/L; Total Daily Intake (RfD) = 0.1 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018): Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,400 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	WHO IARC (2011): 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	IRIS (1997): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 350 of 419


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Isopropylbenzene (Cumene): Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 35 of 12,771 sites (0.27%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 10 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 56 of 22,995 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.1 - 15 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected at 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 75 of 6,831 sites (1.1%); Concentration range = 0.005 - 27 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 51 of 4,277 sites (1.19%); Concentration range = 0.01 - 39.6 \xg/l

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 158 (0.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.064 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 9 (0%) sites

•	SESQA (2014): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 351 of 419


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Lactofen: Background

CASRN

77501-63-4

DTXSID

DTXSID7024160

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.78
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = l.OOxlO4 L/kg
Water Solubility = 3.76xl0"7 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 785,344 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

11

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 352 of 419


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Lactofen: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2007)

Critical Effect

Increased incidence of proteinaceous casts in kidneys and decreases in
thyroid and adrenal gland weights

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.008 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 47.3 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.008 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.48 mg/L (480 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.017 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.790 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 1.40 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 17.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL =
73.7 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 353 of 419


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Lactofen

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,000 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2007): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Office of Water

Slide 354 of 419


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Lactofen: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

• USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 2 of 1,737 sites (0.12%); Concentration range = 0.101 - 0.265 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 2 of 832 sites (0.24%); Concentration range = 0.154 - 0.172 \xg/l

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 584 (0%) sites

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 355 of 419


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Malathion: Background

CASRN

121-75-5

DTXSID

DTXSID4020791

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide; veterinary medicine

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 126 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.90xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.58
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 165 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.99xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 123,611 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,346,697 lbs

PubMed Article Count

2,028

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 356 of 419


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Malathion: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Inhibition of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase in pups

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.01 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 13.2 [ig/L

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 29.0 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 357 of 419


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Malathion: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDWG (2023): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.29 mg/L (290 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (2003):

o Chronic Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day
o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.02 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 190 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 66.6 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2016): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity, but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential)

•	WHO IARC (2015): 2A (Probably carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 358 of 419


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Malathion: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.331 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 3 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 416 of 11,237 (3.7%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00041 - 9.58 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 53 of 4,062 (1.3%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~4 - 5.46 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 4 of 229 (1.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00999 - 0.312 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 37 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0011 - 0.111 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0166 - 0.0554 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 712 of 15,764 (4.52%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 46 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.04 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 359 of 419


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Methomyl: Background

CASRN

16752-77-5

DTXSID

DTXSID1022267

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.00xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.584
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 20.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.220 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 902,435 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

240

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 360 of 419


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Methomyl: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Increases in peak red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in humans

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0015 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 1.99 Mg/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWHSA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 10.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 2.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 12.5
mg/kg/day

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 10 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 361 of 419


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Methomyl: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	| NA	

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 9 of 12,604 sites (0.07%); Concentration range = 0.1-3 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 17 sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 169 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 820 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 255 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 83 of 7,697 (1.08%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00018 - 3 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 21 of 1,526 (1.38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00024-0.295 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Concentration = 0.0122 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,740 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Not detected in 77 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 422 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%); Concentration range = 3xl0~4- 0.01 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 sites (2.63%); Concentration = 0.0282 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 539 of 6,790 sites (7.94%); Concentration range = 0.021 - 55.3 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 362 of 419


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Metribuzin: Background

CASRN

21087-64-9

DTXSID

DTXSID6024204

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.80 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.50
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 101 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.16xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 15,728 lbs
USGS (2016): 5,804,692 lbs

PubMed Article Count

126

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 363 of 419


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Metribuzin: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2017)

Critical Effect

Increased thyroid and liver weights, thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia, decreased
body weight and body weight gains

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0013 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 7.69 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 5 mg/L (5,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.50 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 7.50 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 1.25 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 3.00
mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 364 of 419


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Metribuzin: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o Acute Health Risk Limit = 0.03 mg/L (30 |ig/L)

•	CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 250 mg/kg

Cancer Classification

•	OPP (2017): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 365 of 419


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Metribuzin: Occurrence

(slide 1 of 2)

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 1 of 13,512 (0.01%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 15 (20%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 - 3.76 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 182 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration = 0.1 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 822 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 0.28 \xg/l

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 366 of 419


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Metribuzin: Occurrence

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Occurrence Information (cont'd)

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 606 of 11,379 (5.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 15.6 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 194 of 4,090 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0018 - 6.7 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 226 (1.33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0107 -29.742 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 2,171 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006 - 2020): Not detected in 78 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006 - 2011): Not detected in 997 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 92 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 4 of 690 (0.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0038 - 0.651 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0159 - 0.541 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 27 of 1,320 (2.05%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.182 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 367 of 419


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N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Background

CASRN

134-62-3

DTXSID

DTXSID2021995

Contaminant Group

Broad-spectrum insect repellant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	No EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data
available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.39 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.45xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.16
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 191 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.73xl0"2 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

753

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 368 of 419


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N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

NA

Critical Effect

NA

Target Population

NA

Health Data Element

NA

Health Value

NA

Additional Health Information



EPA:



• ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 61.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 304

mg/kg/day



Other:



• CDC ATSDR (2017): CCL-HRL = 4260 |ig/L; RfD = 1 mg/kg/day

• MN DOH (accessed 2018):



o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)



o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,584 mg/kg



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 369 of 419


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N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%), sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~7 ฑ lxlO 7 - 2.4xl0~5 ฑ 8.2xl0~6 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 1 (100%) site; Concentration = 0.1 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 114 of 538 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 2.2 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 766 of 1,393 (55%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 7.9 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 22 of 38 (58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0035 - 0.119 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 2.33xl0~5 ฑ 3xl0~6 - 2.56xl0~4 ฑ 6.25xl0~5 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 12 of 26 (46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0106 - 0.912 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 370 of 419


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Naphthalene: Background

CASRN

91-20-3

DTXSID

DTXSID8020913

Contaminant Group/Use

Former pesticide; chemical intermediate; moth repellant

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.02 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.37xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.32
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 822 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.51xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 2,631,597 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

2280

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 371 of 419


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Naphthalene: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Decreases in body weight and renal effects

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.100 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 592 [ig/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (2014): LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day



United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 372 of 419


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Naphthalene: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	CDC ATSDR (2005):

o Intermediate Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day
o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 0.6 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.07 mg/L (70 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 490 mg/kg

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019):

o Benchmark = 0.17 mg/L (170 |ig/L)
o Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) = 0.12 (mg/kg/day)1

Cancer Classification:

•	WHO IARC (2002) = 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 373 of 419


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Naphthalene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	|	

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	UCM-State Round 1 (1988-1992): Detected in 159 of 13,452 (1.18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 906 |ig/L

•	UCM-State Round 2 (1993-1997): Detected in 173 of 22,923 (0.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.07 - 90 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 366 (0.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 7 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 14 of 887 (1.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 3.1 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1,188 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 68 of 7,850 (0.87%) sites; Concentration range = 0.008 - 70 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 246 of 5,186 (4.74%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007 - 16000 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 21 of 3,888 (0.54%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 5.8 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - MA (2006-2020): Detected in 5 of 131 (3.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 4.5 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - PA (2006-2011): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration range = 1.08 - 1.25 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Detected in 2 of 1,665 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.66 - 36 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - Wl (2012-2019): Not detected in 101 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 685 (0.15%) sites; Concentration = 0.78 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0162 - 0.0284 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 374 of 419


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Nonylphenol: Background

CASRN

25154-52-3

DTXSID

DTXSID3021857

Contaminant Group/Use

In the preparation of lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, surface active
agents; antioxidants for plastics and rubber

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	No EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.17 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.09xl0"3 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.30
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.95xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.62xl0"7 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): <1,000,000 lbs

PubMed Article Count

1,017

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 375 of 419


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Nonylphenol: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

NA

Critical Effect

NA

Target Population

NA

Health Data Element

NA

Health Value

NA

Additional Health Information





Other:

•	MN DOH (2015): CCL-SL = 29.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0049 mg/kg/day

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,600 mg/kg



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 376 of 419


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Nonylphenol: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 1.24xl0~5 ฑ 5.3xl0~6 - 6.06xl0~5 ฑ 1.92xl0~5 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 45 of 567 (7.94%) sites; Concentration range = 0.3 - 13 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 10 of 38 (26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.105 - 0.461 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 8 of 8 (100%) samples; Concentration range = 5.34xl0~5 ฑ 5.8xl0~6 - 0.0001856 ฑ 2xl0~5 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 377 of 419


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Norflurazon: Background

CASRN

27314-13-2

DTXSID

DTXSID8024234

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = l.lOxlO"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 2.32
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.02xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.02xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 202,807 lbs

PubMed Article Count

139

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 378 of 419


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Norflurazon: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2017)

Critical Effect

Increased incidence of thyroid colloid/vacuoles and epithelial desquamation,
increased liver weight, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol in males

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0015 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 8.88 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.0089 mg/L (8.9 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.0015 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 1.58 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 4.77 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 8,000 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2017): C (Possible human carcinogen)



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 379 of 419


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Norflurazon: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 17 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0313 - 0.096 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 217 of 7,803 (2.78%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00025 - 26.5 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 40 of 1,531 (2.61%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.49 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 9 of 229 (3.93%) sites; Concentration range = 0.007992 - 0.352 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 12 of 690 (1.74%) sites; Concentration range = 3xl0~4 - 0.0563 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0137 - 0.0274 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 125 of 1,090 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.05 - 1.49 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 380 of 419


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Phenanthrene: Background

CASRN

85-01-8

DTXSID

DTXSID6024254

Contaminant Group/Use

Dyestuffs, explosives, synthesis of drugs, biochemical research, manufacturing
phenanthrenequinone

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	No EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 42.7 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.55
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.49xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.82xl0"6 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 958,463 lbs
TRI (2016): 288,155 lbs

PubMed Article Count

1,596

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 381 of 419


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Phenanthrene: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

NA

Critical Effect

NA

Target Population

NA

Health Data Element

NA

Health Value

NA

Additional Health Information



Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 700 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

•	PPRTV (2009): 1 (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)

•	WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

•	IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 382 of 419


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Phenanthrene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 0.002 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 39 of 593 (6.58%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.13 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 356 of 1,965 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002 - 140 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 233 (0%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.37 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 6 of 38 (16%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0074 - 0.0241 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 383 of 419


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Phenol: Background

CASRN

108-95-2

DTXSID

DTXSID5021124

Contaminant Group/Use

Pesticide; chemical intermediate

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.57 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 3.39xl0"7 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 53.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 0.644 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 1,000,000,000 - <5,000,000,000 lbs
TRI (2016): 6,052,029 lbs

PubMed Article Count

4,884

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 384 of 419


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Phenol: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2019)

Critical Effect

Reductions in mean fetal body weight per litter

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.6 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 3,390 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 6 mg/L (6,000 |ig/L)

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 385 of 419


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Phenol: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 4 mg/L (4,000 |ig/L)

•	CDC ATSDR (2008):

o Acute Minimal Risk Level = 1 mg/kg/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 100 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 133 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2019): I (Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential)

•	WHO IARC (1998): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 386 of 419


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Phenol: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006 -2020): Not detected in 7 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 98 of 462 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.08 - 12 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 268 of 1,851 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 54.3 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 34 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 4 of 38 (11%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0548 - 0.151 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.8 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 387 of 419


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Phorate: Background

CASRN

298-02-2

DTXSID

DTXSID4032459

Contaminant Group/Use

NA

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 141 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.58xl0"6 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.60
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 568 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.47xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 945,534 lbs

PubMed Article Count

113

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 388 of 419


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Phorate: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2006)

Critical Effect

Red blood cell and brain cholinesterase inhibition

Target Population

Bottle-fed infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.00017 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.225 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.001 mg/L (1 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00017 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 0.0055 mg/L (5.5 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.00083 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = l.OOxlO2 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00xl0~2 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.002 mg/L (2 |ig/L)

•	HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1.1 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2006): E (Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 389 of 419


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Phorate: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 17 (5.88%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.078 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 24 of 11,241 (0.21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.002-0.6 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 229 (0.44%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.062 \xg/l

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 1 of 690 (0.14%) sites; Concentration = 0.0032 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 13 of 11,178 (0.12%) sites; Concentration range = 0.016 - 0.22 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 390 of 419


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Prometryn: Background

CASRN

7287-19-6

DTXSID

DTXSID4024272

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.79 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.29xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 580 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.81xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 863 lbs
USGS (2016): 1,458,440 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

103

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 391 of 419


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Prometryn: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP HHBP (2017)

Critical Effect

Renal and hepatic degenerative changes, bone marrow atrophy

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.04 mg/kg/day

Health Value

200 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2013): CCL- HRL= 237 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.70 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 37.5 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,265 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2013): E (Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 392 of 419


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Prometryn: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 17 (29%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.231 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 99 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 139 of 5,273 (2.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00017 - 3.73 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 68 of 3,458 (1.97%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00015 - 0.658 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 8 of 228 (3.49%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00028 - 0.118 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1,207 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%)

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0032 - 0.0286 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 92 of 3,433 (2.68%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0031 - 20 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Fall Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 393 of 419


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Pronamide: Background

CASRN

23950-58-5

DTXSID

DTXSID2020420

Contaminant Group/Use

Selective herbicide used on annual and perennial grasses

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 4.27xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.52
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 288 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.12xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 137,018 lbs

PubMed Article Count

54

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 394 of 419


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Pronamide: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP HHBP (2019)

Critical Effect

Decreases in body weight, weight gain, and food consumption; increased
liver weight; lesions in liver, thyroid, and ovaries

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.013 mg/kg/day

Health Value

77 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.8 mg/L (800 |ig/L)

•	OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 226 |ig/L; RfD = 0.04 mg/kg/day

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Acute Benchmark = 0.3 mg/L (300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.04 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 20.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 60.0
mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 395 of 419


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Pronamide: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 5,600 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2015): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 396 of 419


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Pronamide: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 143 of 11,233 (1.27%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021 - 1.35 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 24 of 4,084 (0.59%) sites; Concentration range = 7.00xl0~4 - 5.75 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 8 (0%) sites
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.01134 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 49 of 641 (7.64%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 -0.25 |ig/L

USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 133 (0.8%) samples; Maximum concentration = 0.014 |ig/L
USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 397 of 419


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Propanil: Background

CASRN

709-98-8

DTXSID

DTXSID8022111

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.86xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.12
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 272 L/kg
Water Solubility = 4.90xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 81,157 lbs
USGS (2016): 6,860,055 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

130

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 398 of 419


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Propanil: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2006)

Critical Effect

Increased methemoglobin; increased spleen weight in females; and enlarged
seminal vesicles/prostates in males

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.009 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 53.3 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

0 Chronic Benchmark = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.03 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; Subchronic NOAEL = 9.60 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 49.0
mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 360 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2006): S (Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 399 of 419


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Propanil: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 6 of 16 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0112 - 0.17 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 23 of 2,980 (0.77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00188 - 6.5 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 228 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et. al 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et. al 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 3.0096 |ig/L

•	SESQA (2014): Detected in 1 of 77 (1.3%) sites; Concentration = 0.0020539 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 201 of 1,424 (14%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004 - 57.6 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 400 of 419


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Propazine: Background

CASRN

139-40-2

DTXSID

DTXSID3021196

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 5.01 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.23xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.03
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 234 L/kg
Water Solubility = 2.70xl0"4 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 637,397 lbs

Pub Med Article Count

39

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 401 of 419


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Propazine: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surge

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.0242 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 137 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

0 Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 5.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day

Other Health Assessments

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): MADL = 100 |ig/day

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,200 mg/kg



Cancer Classification

• OPP (2015): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 402 of 419


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Propazine: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 7 of 10 (70%) sites; Concentration Range = 7xl0~4 - 0.032 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 4 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 260 of 2,165 (12%) sites; Concentration range = 2xl0~4 - 1.79 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 159 of 1,243 (13%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00021-0.39 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 14 of 227 (6.17%) sites; Concentration range = 7xl0~4 - 0.071 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 19 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 9 of 584 (1.84%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0005 - 0.0029 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2017): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.03 - 0.041 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 2 of 68 (2.94%) sites; Concentration range = 1.1-2 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 403 of 419


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Propoxur: Background

CASRN

114-26-1

DTXSID

DTXSID7021948

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.41xl0"9 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.64
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 50.0 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.07xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 1 lb

Pub Med Article Count

380

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 404 of 419


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Propoxur: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2015)

Critical Effect

Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition in pups

Target Population

Bottle-fed infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.00038 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 0.503 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2015): CCL-HRL = 8.41 |ig/L; CSF = 0.00352 (mg/kg/day)1

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.003 mg/L (3 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.04 mg/L (40 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 3.00 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 9.00 mg/kg/day

Other:

• NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 23.5 mg/kg



Cancer Classification:

• OPP (2015): B2 (Probable Human Carcinogenic)



EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 405 of 419


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Propoxur: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 13 sites (0%)

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 105 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 79 of 1,520 (5.2%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00038-0.367 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 223 (0.45%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 868 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 373 (0%) sites

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 3 of 690 (0.43%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0014 - 0.0034 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 2 of 38 (5.26%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0093 - 0.0097 |ig/L

•	SESQA (2014): Detected in 29 of 77 (38%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0003306 - 0.0126086 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Not detected in 1,584 (0%) sites

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 1 of 126 (0.8%) samples; Concentration = 0.007 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 406 of 419


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Pyrene: Background

CASRN

129-00-0

DTXSID

DTXSID3024289

Contaminant Group/Use

Occurs as a result of incomplete burning

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 240 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.17xl0"5 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.98
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 4.83xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.44xl0"7 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

CDR (2015): 264,983 lbs

PubMed Article Count

1,695

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 407 of 419


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Pyrene: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OW (1991)

Critical Effect

Nephropathy (renal tubular pathology, decreased kidney weights)

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.03 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 148 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	IRIS (1990): CCL-HRL = 178 |ig/L; RfD = 0.03 mg/kg/day

•	PPRTV (2007): Subchronic RfD = 0.25 mg/kg/day

•	HHC (2015): Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 408 of 419


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Pyrene: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (50 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.09 mg/L (90 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,700 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	PPRTV (2007): NL (Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans)

•	WHO IARC (2005): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

•	IRIS (1990): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

•	OW (1991): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 409 of 419


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Pyrene: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 28 (3.57%) sites; Concentration = 0.001 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 38 of 588 (6.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 0.14 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 346 of 1,962 (18%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 25.6 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 8 of 231 (3.46%) sites; Concentration range = 0.1 - 0.3 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 634 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 14 of 38 (37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0034 - 0.0447 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	slide 4io of 419


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Sulfamethoxazole: Background

CASRN

723-46-6

DTXSID

DTXSID8026064

Contaminant Group/Use

Antibacterial; antipneumocystic

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA Health Assessment Available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.31 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.74xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 0.726
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 91.2 L/kg
Water Solubility = 5.03xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

PubMed Article Count

4,876

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 411 of 419


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Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OW (FDA/NIH (2018))

Critical Effect

Lowest therapeutic dose: treat or prevent bacterial infections: urinary tract
infections/acute otitis media/acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis/
Shigellosis/Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia/Traveler's
Diarrhea in Adults

Target Population

Bottle-Fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.003333333 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-SL = 22.0 ng/L

Additional Health Information



EPA:

• OW FDA/NIH (2018): CCL-SL = 78.0 |ig/L; RfD = 0.0034 mg/kg/day (General Population)

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 412 of 419


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Sulfamethoxazole: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Risk Assessment Advice = 0.1 mg/L (100 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 2,650 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	WHO IARC (2000): 3 (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 413 of 419


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Sulfamethoxazole: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Bradley et al. 2018 (2016): Detected in 1 of 26 (3.85%) sites; Concentration = 0.005 |ig/L

•	CWSS (2006): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 1 of 25 (4%) sites; Concentration = 0.0082 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 1.27xl0~5 ฑ 3.6xl0~6 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 30 of 619 (4.85%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 1.46 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 252 of 1,441 (17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00171 - 1.58 \xg/l

•	Batt et al. 2016 (2008-2009): Detected in 141 of 182 (77%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0016 - 0.5764 |ig/L

•	Bexfield et al. 2019 (2013-2015): Detected in 12 of 1,100 (1.09%) sites; Concentration range = 0.019022 -0.1198271 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 20 of 38 (53%) sites; Concentration range = 0.005 - 1.5 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 10 of 25 (40%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.1611 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 7 of 8 (87.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 7.4xl0~6 ฑ 8xlO~7|ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Detected in 2 of 2 (100%) sites; Concentration range = 0.006 - 0.052 |ig/L

United States
Environmental Protectio
^1 M * Agency

Office of Water

Slide 414 of 419


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Tebuthiuron: Background

CASRN

34014-18-1

DTXSID

DTXSID3024316

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.68 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.20xl0"10 atm-m3/nnol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 1.77
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 120 L/kg
Water Solubility = 6.28xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2015): 22,610 lbs

PubMed Article Count

12

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 415 of 419


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Tebuthiuron: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2014)

Critical Effect

Decreased body weights in F1 females; decreased pup body weights in F1
and F2 generations

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.14 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 185 [ig/l

Additional Health Information





EPA:

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.5 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 3 mg/L (3,000 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 31.0 mg/kg/day
Other:

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 200 mg/kg
Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2014): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)



United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency



Office of Water

Slide 416 of 419


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Tebuthiuron: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 10 of 17 (59%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.055 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

•	USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 1,134 of 11,243 (10%) sites; Concentration range = 0 - 17.3 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 315 of 4,001 (7.87%) sites; Concentration range = 3.00xl0~4 - 1.4 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 47 of 229 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00035 - 0.43 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Detected in 24 of 690 (3.48%) sites; Concentration range = 5xl0~4 - 0.0317 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 3 of 38 (7.89%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0125 - 0.0358 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 31 of 1,757 (1.76%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0127 - 3 |ig/L

•	USGS McKenzie River Oregon, 2010 (2002-2010): Detected in 6 of 134 (4.5%) samples; Maximum concentration = 3.47 \xg/l

•	USGS Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 417 of 419


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Thiamethoxam: Background

CASRN

153719-23-4

DTXSID

DTXSID2034962

Contaminant Group/Use

Insecticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

CCL 5 List

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 2.34xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = -0.201
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 71.7 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.99xl0"3 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

USGS (2016): 353,487 lbs

PubMed Article Count

252

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 418 of 419


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Thiamethoxam: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2016)

Critical Effect

Increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in testes of F1 males (pups)

Target Population

Bottle-fed Infants

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.012 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 15.9 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.071 mg/L (71 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.012 mg/kg/day
o Acute benchmark = 2.3 mg/L (2,300 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.35 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): LOAEL = 1.84 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 14.3 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 419 of 419


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Thiamethoxam: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.2 mg/L (200 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.4 mg/L (400 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 1,563 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2016): NL (Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 420 of 419


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Thiamethoxam: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 3 of 10 (30%) sites; Concentration = 0.0102 |ig/L

•	Klarich et al. 2017 (2016): Detected in 19 of 20 (95%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00026 - 0.00415 |ig/L

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Not detected in 5 (0%) sites

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 50 of 143 (35%) sites; Concentration range = 9.00xl0~4 - 4.37 \xg/l

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 2 of 227 (0.88%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0102 - 0.025 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 8 of 38 (21%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0019 - 0.1904 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 43 of 281 (15%) sites; Concentration range = 0.0068 - 2.06 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 421 of 419


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Thiobencarb: Background

CASRN

28249-77-6

DTXSID

DTXSID6024337

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 2.95 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.95xl0"8 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 3.53
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.17xl03 L/kg
Water Solubility = 9.31xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 3,385 lbs
USGS (2016): 2,372,729 lbs

PubMed Article Count

72

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 422 of 419


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Thiobencarb: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Decreased body weights

Target Population

General Population

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.01 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 59.2 ng/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 0.06 mg/L (60 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.01 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 7 mg/L (7,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 1 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 2.00 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	CalEPA OEHHA (accessed 2019): Public Health Goal = 0.042 mg/L (42 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 560 mg/kg

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 423 of 419


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Thiobencarb: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 5 of 15 (33%) sites; Concentration range = 0.029 - 0.19 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 256 (0%) sites

Ambient Water

USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 84 of 10,703 (0.78%) sites; Concentration range = 2.00xl0~5 - 4.38 |ig/L
USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 35 of 2,980 (1.17%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00093 - 12.4 \xg/l
USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 227 (0%) sites

Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 2 of 2,975 (0.07%) sites; Concentration range = 0.097 - 1.6 |ig/L
Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 690 (0%) sites

Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 1 of 38 (2.63%) sites; Concentration = 0.3429 |ig/L
SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 635 of 7,197 (8.82%) sites; Concentration range = 0.004- 150 |ig/L

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 424 of 419


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Triclosan: Background

CASRN

3380-34-5

DTXSID

DTXSID5032498

Contaminant Group/Use

Antiseptic/disinfectant/antimicrobial in personal care products and household
goods; pesticide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 4.47 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 6.46xlO"10 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 4.97
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 2.24xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.50xl0"5 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

NA

Pub Med Article Count

2,221

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 425 of 419


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Triclosan: Health Effects

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

20% decrease in thyroxine (T4) and associations with neurodevelopmental
and cognitive deficits

Target Population

Women of childbearing age

Reference Dose (RfD) or Equivalent

0.27 mg/kg/day

Health Value

CCL-HRL= 1,530 Mg/L

Additional Health Information

EPA:

•	OPP HHBP (2021):

o Chronic Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day
o Acute Benchmark = 2 mg/L (2,000 |ig/L); Acute Population-Adjusted Dose (RfD) = 0.3 mg/kg/day

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 50.0 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 15.0 mg/kg/day; Subchronic LOAEL = 25.0 mg/kg/day

Other:

•	MN DOH (accessed 2018):

o Chronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Subchronic Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)
o Short-Term Health Risk Limit = 0.05 mg/L (500 |ig/L)

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 426 of 419


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Triclosan: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information	NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 2 (50%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Not detected in 25 (0%) sites

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62.5%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 5.96xl0~5 ฑ 2.57xl0~5 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 31 of 567 (5.47%) sites; Concentration range = 0.01 - 0.56 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 126 of 1,415 (8.9%) sites; Concentration range = 0.02 - 15.6 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 1 of 3 (33%) sites; Concentration = 3 |ig/L

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 23 of 38 (61%) sites; Concentration range = 0.00152 - 0.534 |ig/L

•	Glassmeyer et al. 2017 (2007-2012): Detected in 3 of 25 (12%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.0035 |ig/L

•	Padhye et al. 2013 (2009-2010): Detected in 5 of 8 (62%) samples; Concentration range = 0 - 0.0001058 ฑ 6.31xl0~5 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

United States	Office of Water

Environmental Protection

Agency	Slide 427 of 419


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Trifluralin: Background

CASRN

1582-09-8

DTXSID

DTXSID4021395

Contaminant Group/Use

Herbicide

PCCL 5/CCL 5 Status

PCCL 5

Health and Occurrence Information Status

•	EPA health assessment available

•	Non-national finished and national ambient water occurrence data available

Persistence/Mobility/Fate/Transport

Biodegradation Half-Life (t1/2) = 3.55 days
Henry's Law Coefficient (KH) = 1.02xl0"4 atm-m3/mol
Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient (log Kow) = 5.31
Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient (Koc) = 1.69xl04 L/kg
Water Solubility = 1.16xl0"6 mol/L

Use/Production/Release

TRI (2016): 13,360 lbs
USGS (2016): 8,578,613 lbs

PubMed Article Count

259

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 428 of 419


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Trifluralin: Health Effects

(slide 1 of 2)

EPA Health Assessment

OPP (2018)

Critical Effect

Thyroid follicular cell combined adenoma, papillary adenoma, cystadenoma,
and carcinoma in males

Target Population

General Population

Cancer Slope Factor (CSF)

0.00296 (mg/kg/day)"1

Health Value

CCL-HRL = 10 [ig/l

Additional Health Information



EPA:

•	OPP (2018): CCL-HRL = 142 |ig/L; RfD = 0.024 mg/kg/day

•	DWSHA (accessed 2018):

o Lifetime Health Advisory = 0.01 mg/L (10 |ig/L)
o 10-day Health Advisory = 0.08 mg/L (80 |ig/L)

•	ToxRefDB (accessed 2018): NOAEL = 0.800 mg/kg/day; LOAEL = 3.80 mg/kg/day

United States
Environmental Protection
^1 Agency

Office of Water

Slide 429 of 419


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Trifluralin: Health Effects

(slide 2 of 2)

Additional Health Information (cont'd)

Other:

•	WHO (2017): Drinking Water Guideline Value = 0.02 mg/L (20 |ig/L)

•	CDWG (accessed 2019): Maximum Allowable Concentration = 0.045 mg/L (45 |ig/L)

•	NIH HSDB (accessed 2019): LD50 = 500 mg/kg

•	NIH CPDB (accessed 2018): TD50 = 263 mg/kg/day

Cancer Classification:

•	OPP (2018): C (Possible human carcinogen)

•	WHO IARC (1990): 3 (Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans)

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Trifluralin: Occurrence

Best Available Occurrence Information

NA

Additional Occurrence Information

Finished Drinking Water

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Detected in 1 of 15 (6.67%) sites; Concentration = 0.0025 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Not detected in 60 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 481 (0%) sites

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 1 (0%) site

Ambient Water

•	USGS NAWQA (1991-2017): Detected in 485 of 10,201 (4.75%) sites; Concentration range = 0.001 - 1.74 |ig/L

•	USGS NWIS (2008-2017): Detected in 149 of 3,480 (4.28%) sites; Concentration range = 6.00xl0~5 - 0.323 |ig/L

•	USDA PDP (2001-2013): Not detected in 225 (0%) sites

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - CA (2006-2020): Detected in 3 of 604 (0.5%) sites; Concentration range = 0.5 - 210 |ig/L

•	Drinking Water Monitoring Data - WA (2006-2011): Not detected in 635 (0%) sites;

•	Arnold et al. 2016 (2012-2013): Not detected in 106 (0%) sites

•	Bradley et al. 2017 (2012-2014): Detected in 15 of 38 (39%) sites; Concentration range = 2.75xl0~5 - 0.0473 |ig/L

•	SURF (1990-2018): Detected in 254 of 2,711 (9.37%) sites; Concentration range = 0.003 - 3.3 |ig/L

•	USGS, McKenzie River, Oregon, 2012 (2002-2010): Detected in 3 of 133 (2.3%) sites; Maximum concentration = 0.002 |ig/L

•	USGS, Sioux Falls Area, 2012 (2009-2010): Not detected in 2 (0%) sites

EPA

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Appendix C: Abbreviations and

Acronyms

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	ng- Micrograms

•	%Rec - Percent Recovery

•	%RSD- Percent Relative Standard Deviation

•	HCI-PF30UdS - ll-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-Oxaundecane-l-Sulfonic Acid

•	2,4-DB - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxybutyric acid

•	4:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid

•	6:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid

•	8:2 FTS - 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecane Sulfonic Acid

•	9CI-PF30NS - 9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-Oxanone-l-Sulfonic Acid

•	AM-Assessment Monitoring

•	ADONA - 4,8-Dioxa-3H-Perfluorononanoic Acid

•	ASTM-ASTM International

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	atm-Atmosphere Unit

•	ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

•	AWIA - America's Water Infrastructure Act

•	BCAA - Bromochloroacetic Acid

•	BCIM - Bromochloroiodomethane

•	BDCAA-Bromodichloroacetic Acid

•	BDCNM - Bromodichloronitromethane

•	BDIM - Bromodiiodomethane

•	CalEPA - California Environmental Protection Agency

•	CASRN - Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number

•	CCC - Continuing Calibration Check

•	CCL-Contaminant Candidate List

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	CCL-HRL-Contaminant Candidate List Health Reference Level

•	CCL-SL - Contaminant Candidate List Screening Level

•	CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

•	CDIM - Chlorodiiodomethane

•	CDR-Chemical Data Reporting

•	CDWG - Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water

•	CIC - Combustion ion Chromatography

•	CIS - Contaminant Information Sheet

•	CPDB - Carcinogenic Potency Database

•	CSF-Cancer Slope Factor

•	CWS - Community Water System

•	CWSS - Community Water System Survey

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	DAI-LC/MS/MS - Direct Aqueous Injection- Liquid Chromatography/Tandem
Mass Spectrometry

•	DBAN - Dibromoacetonitrile

•	DBCAA-Dibromochloroacetic Acid

•	DBCNM - Dibromochloronitromethane

•	DBIM - Dibromoiodomethane

•	DBP - Disinfection Byproduct

•	DCAN - Dichloroacetonitrile

•	DCIM - Dichloroiodomethane

•	D/DBPR - Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rules (including Stage 1 and
Stage 2 D/DBPRs)

•	DEET-N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	DS - Distribution System

•	DSMRT- Distribution System Maximum Residence Time

•	DTXSID - Distributed Structure Searchable Toxicity Substance Identifiers

•	DWSHA - Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories

•	DWTP - Drinking Water Treatment Plant

•	EDC - Endocrine Disrupting Chemical

•	EJ - Environmental Justice

•	EO - Executive Order

•	EOF - Extractable Organic Fluorine

•	EPA - Environmental Protection Agency

•	EPTC- Ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate

•	EPTDS - Entry Point to the Distribution System

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	ESA-Ethanesulfonic Acid

•	etal.-And Others

•	F1 - First Filial Generation

•	F2-Second Filial Generation

•	FDA-United States Food and Drug Administration

•	FDAMDD - FDA Maximum (Recommended) Daily Dose Database

•	FR - Federal Register

•	FRB - Field Reagent Blank

•	FRN -	Federal Register Notice

•	GC-Gas Chromatography

•	GC/MS - Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

•	GW - Ground Water

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	GWRMP- Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan

•	HA - Office of Water Health Advisory

•	HCFC-22 - Chlorodifluoromethane

•	HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein

•	HESD - Office of Water's Health Effect Support Documents

•	HFPO-DA- Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid

•	HHBP - Human Health Benchmark for Pesticides

•	HHC - Human Health Criteria

•	HPLC-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

•	HRL- Health Reference Level

•	HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank

•	IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	ICP-AES - Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry

•	IDC - Initial Demonstration of Capability

•	IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System

•	IS - Internal Standard

•	ISO - International Organization for Standardization

•	Kh-Henry's Law Coefficient

•	Kqc - Organic Carbon Partitioning Coefficient

•	Kow ~ Octanol-Water Partitioning Coefficient
•kg - Kilograms

•	L - Liter

•	lbs - Pounds

•	LC/ESI-MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray lonization/Tandem Mass
Spectrometry

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	LC/MS/MS - Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

•	LCMRL- Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level

•	LFB - Laboratory Fortified Blank

•	LFSM - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix

•	LFSMD - Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix Duplicate

•	LLE-GC/ECD- Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture
Detection

•	LOAEL-Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level

•	LRB - Laboratory Reagent Blank

•	LSI - Large System Inventory

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	MAC - Maximum Allowable Concentration

•	MADL- Maximum Allowable Daily Level

•	MALDI-MS - Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Mass Spectrometry

•	MCLG - Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

•	MCPA - 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid

•	MCPP - 2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic Acid

•	MDBP - Microbial Disinfection Byproduct

•	MN DOH - Minnesota Department of Health

•	mg - Milligrams

•	MRDD- Maximum Recommended Daily Dose

•	MRL-Minimum Reporting Level

•	MTBE - Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	NAWQA - National Water-Quality Assessment

•	NCOD - National Contaminant Occurrence Database

•	NDBA - Nitrosodibutylamine

•	NDEA- N-Nitrosodiethylamine

•	NDMA- N-Nitrosodimethylamine

•	NDPA- N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine

•	NDPhA-Nitrosodiphenylamine

•	NEtFOSAA- N-Ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid

•	NFDHA - Nonafluoro-3,6-Dioxaheptanoic Acid

•	NIH - National Institutes of Health

•	NIRS - National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey

•	NMeFOSAA-N-Methyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	NOAEL- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level

•	NPDWRs - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

•	NPYR - Nitrosopyrrolidine

•	NTM -Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

•	NTNCWS - Non-Transient Non-Community Water System

•	NWIS - National Water Information System

•	NWQMC - National Water Quality Monitoring Council

•	OA - Oxanilic Acid

•	OEHHA-California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

•	OGWDW - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water

•	OPP - Office of Pesticide Programs

•	ORD - Office of Research and Development

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	OW - Office of Water

•PA - Partnership Agreement

•	PDP- Pesticide Data Program

•	PCCL- Preliminary Contaminant Candidate List

•	PFAS - Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

•	PFBA - Perfluorobutanoic Acid

•	PFBS - Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid

•	PFDA - Perfluorodecanoic Acid

•	PFDoA - Perfluorododecanoic Acid

•	PFEESA - Perfluoro (2-Ethoxyethane) Sulfonic Acid

•	PFHpA - Perfluoroheptanoic Acid

•	PFHpS - Perfluoroheptanesulfonic Acid

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	PFHxA - Perfluorohexanoic Acid

•	PFHxS - Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid

•	PFMBA - Perfluoro-4-Methoxybutanoic Acid

•	PFMPA - Perfluoro-3-Methoxypropanoic Acid

•	PFNA-Perfluorononanoic Acid

•	PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic Acid

•	PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid

•	PFOSA- Perfluorooctanesulfonamide

•	PFPeA - Perfluoropentanoic Acid

•	PFPeS - Perfluoropentanesulfonic Acid

•	PFTA - Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid

•	PFTrDA - Perfluorotridecanoic Acid

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	PFUnA - Perfluoroundecanoic Acid

•	PHG - CalEPA's Public Health Goals

•	p,p'-DDE - p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

•	PPCP - Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products

•	PPRTV - Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values

•	PST-Pre-Screen Testing

•	PT - Proficiency Testing

•	PWS - Public Water System

•	QA-Quality Assurance

•	QC - Quality Control

•	QCS-Quality Control Sample

•	qPCR-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	RAA-Risk Assessment Advice

•	RfD - Reference Dose

•	SAP - Standard Analytical Protocol

•	SESQA-Southeast Stream Quality Assessment

•	SDWA-Safe Drinking Water Act

•	SDWARS-Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System

•	SDWIS - Safe Drinking Water Information System

•	SM - Standard Methods

•	SMP-State Monitoring Plan

•	SS-Screening Survey

•	SSI - Small System Inventory

•	SUR-Surrogate Samples

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	SURF - Surface Water Database

•	SW - Surface Water

•	SYR-Six-Year Review

•	t1/2— Half-Life

•	T4 - Thyroxine

•	TBAA-Tribromoacetic Acid

•	TBEP-Tris(2-butozylethyl) Phosphate

•	TCAN-Trichloroacetonitrile

•	TCEP-Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate

•	TCNM-Trichloronitromethane (Chloropicrin)

•	TCOTS - Tribal Consultation Opportunities Tracking System

•	TDCP-Tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate

•	TIM -Triiodomethane (Iodoform)

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

•	TNCWS - Transient Non-Community Water System

•	ToxRefDB - Toxicity Reference Database

•	TRI - Toxic Release Inventory

•	TSCA - Toxic Substance Control Act

•	UCM - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring

•	UCMR - Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

•	URCIS- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Information System

•	USDA- United States Department of Agriculture

•	USGS - United States Geological Survey

•	VCSB - Voluntary Consensus Standards Body

•	VLDL-Very Low-Density Lipoprotein

•	WHO-World Health Organization

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