TSCA Section 5(a)(3) Determination for Premanufacture Notice (PMN) P-21-0135

Number: P-21-0135

TSCA Section 5(a)(3) Determination: The chemical substance is not likely to present an
unreasonable risk (5(a)(3)(C))

Chemical Name:

Generic: Alkenoic acid, allyl-, (dialkylamino)alkyl ester, polymer with dialkyl-alkylene-
alkanediyl)bis[carbomoncycle], alkylalkyl alkyl-alkenoate and alkanediol mono(2-alkyl-
alkenoate), diazenediyl)bis[2-alkylalkanenitrile]-initiated,

Conditions of Use (intended, known, or reasonably foreseen)1:

Intended conditions of use (specific): Import and process for use as and use as a polymer in a
coating additive, used to improve scratch resistance of coatings, consistent with the
manufacturing, processing, use, distribution, and disposal information described in the
PMN.

Known conditions of use: Applying such factors as described in footnote 1, EPA evaluated

whether there are known conditions of use and found none.

Reasonably foreseen conditions of use: Applying such factors as described in footnote 1, EPA
evaluated whether there are reasonably foreseen conditions of use and has identified use
as a binder resin in coatings as reasonably foreseen based on analogue uses.

Summary: The chemical substance is not likely to present an unreasonable risk of injury to
health or the environment, without consideration of costs or other nonrisk factors, including an
unreasonable risk to a potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulation identified as relevant by
the Administrator under the conditions of use, based on the risk assessment presented below.
Although EPA estimated that the new chemical substance could be very persistent, the substance
has low potential for bioaccumulation, such that repeated exposures are not expected to cause
food-chain effects via accumulation in exposed organisms. Based on the estimated
physical/chemical properties and data on analogous chemical substances, EPA estimates that the
chemical substance has low environmental hazard and low human health hazard. EPA concludes
that the new chemical substance is not likely to present an unreasonable risk under the conditions
of use.

1 Under TSCA § 3(4), the term "conditions of use" means "the circumstances, as determined by the Administrator,
under which a chemical substance is intended, known, or reasonably foreseen to be manufactured, processed,
distributed in commerce, used, or disposed of." In general, EPA considers the intended conditions of use of a new
chemical substance to be those identified in the section 5(a) notification. Known conditions of use include activities
within the United States that result from manufacture that is exempt from PMN submission requirements.
Reasonably foreseen conditions of use are future circumstances, distinct from known or intended conditions of use,
under which the chemical substance may be manufactured, processed, distributed, used, or disposed of. EPA expects
that the identification of "reasonably foreseen" conditions of use will be made on a fact-specific, case-by-case basis.
EPA will apply its professional judgment and experience when considering factors such as evidence of current use
of the new chemical substance outside the United States, information about known or intended uses of chemical
substances that are structurally analogous to the new chemical substance, and conditions of use identified in an
initial PMN submission that the submitter omits in a revised PMN. The sources EPA uses to identify reasonably
foreseen conditions of use include searches of internal confidential EPA PMN databases (containing use information
on analogue chemicals), other U.S. government public sources, the National Library of Medicine's Hazardous
Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the Chemical Abstract Service STN Platform, REACH Dossiers, technical
encyclopedias (e.g., Kirk-Othmer and Ullmann), and Internet searches.

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TSCA Section 5(a)(3) Determination for Premanufacture Notice (PMN) P-21-0135

Fate: Environmental fate is the determination of which environmental compartment(s) a
chemical moves to, the expected residence time in the environmental compartment(s) and
removal and degradation processes. Environmental fate is an important factor in determining
exposure and thus in determining whether a chemical may present an unreasonable risk. EPA
estimated physical/chemical and fate properties of the new chemical substance using data for
analogues (polymers). In wastewater treatment, the new chemical substance is expected to be
removed with an efficiency of 90% due to sorption. Removal of the new chemical substance by
biodegradation is negligible. Sorption of the new chemical substance to sludge is expected to be
strong and to soil and sediment is expected to be very strong. Migration of the new chemical
substance to groundwater is expected to be negligible due to very strong sorption to soil and
sediment. Due to low estimated vapor pressure and Henry's law constant, the new chemical
substance is expected to undergo negligible volatilization to air. Overall, these estimates indicate
that the new chemical substance has low potential to volatilize to air or migrate to groundwater.

Persistence2: Persistence is relevant to whether a new chemical substance is likely to present an
unreasonable risk because chemicals that are not degraded in the environment at rates that
prevent substantial buildup in the environment, and thus increase potential for exposure, may
present a risk if the substance presents a hazard to human health or the environment. EPA
estimated degradation half-lives of the new chemical substance using data for analogues
(polymers). EPA estimated that the new chemical substance's aerobic and anaerobic
biodegradation half-lives are > 6 months. These estimates indicate that the new chemical
substance may be very persistent in aerobic environments (e.g., surface water) and anaerobic
environments (e.g., sediment).

Bioaccumulation3: Bioaccumulation is relevant to whether a new chemical substance is likely to
present an unreasonable risk because substances that bioaccumulate in aquatic and/or terrestrial
species pose the potential for elevated exposures to humans and other organisms via food chains.
EPA estimated the potential for the new chemical substance to bioaccumulate using data for
analogues (polymers). EPA estimated that the new chemical substance has low bioaccumulation
potential based on large predicted molecular volume, which limits bioavailability. Although
EPA estimated that the new chemical substance could be very persistent, the substance has low
potential for bioaccumulation, such that repeated exposures are not expected to cause food-chain
effects via accumulation in exposed organisms.

2	Persistence: A chemical substance is considered to have limited persistence if it has a half-life in water, soil or
sediment of less than 2 months or if there are equivalent or analogous data. A chemical substance is considered to be
persistent if it has a half-life in water, soil or sediments of greater than 2 months but less than or equal to 6 months
or if there are equivalent or analogous data. A chemical substance is considered to be very persistent if it has a half-
life in water, soil or sediments of greater than 6 months or if there are equivalent or analogous data. (64 FR 60194;
November 4, 1999)

3	Bioaccumulation: A chemical substance is considered to have a low potential for bioaccumulation if there are
bioconcentration factors (BCF) or bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of less than 1,000 or if there are equivalent or
analogous data. A chemical substance is considered to be bioaccumulative if there are BCFs or BAFs of 1,000 or
greater and less than or equal to 5,000 or there are equivalent or analogous data. A chemical substance is considered
to be very bioaccumulative if there are BCFs or BAFs of 5,000 or greater or if there are equivalent or analogous
data. (64 FR 60194; November 4 1999)

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TSCA Section 5(a)(3) Determination for Premanufacture Notice (PMN) P-21-0135

Human Health Hazard4: Human health hazard is relevant to whether a new chemical substance
is likely to present an unreasonable risk because the significance of the risk is dependent upon
both the hazard (or toxicity) of the chemical substance and the extent of exposure to the
substance. EPA estimated the human health hazard of this chemical substance based on its
estimated physical/chemical properties and by comparing it to structurally analogous chemical
substances for which there is information on human health hazard. Absorption of the new
chemical substance and the low molecular weight fractions (11.4% < 1000 Dalton and 3.32% <
500 Dalton) is expected to be nil to poor through the skin when neat, poor through the skin when
in solution, and nil through the lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) tract based on physical/chemical
properties. For the new chemical substance, EPA did not identify any significant health
concerns.

Environmental Hazard5: Environmental hazard is relevant to whether a new chemical
substance is likely to present unreasonable risk because the significance of the risk is dependent
upon both the hazard (or toxicity) of the chemical substance and the extent of exposure to the
substance. EPA estimated environmental hazard using predictions based on the negligible water
solubility of the new chemical substance. This substance falls within the TSCA New Chemicals
Category of Polycationic Polymers.6 Acute and chronic toxicity values estimated for fish, aquatic
invertebrates, and algae are all no effects at saturation. These toxicity values indicate that the

4	A chemical substance is considered to have low human health hazard if effects are observed in animal studies with
a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) equal to or greater than 1,000 mg/kg/day or if there are equivalent
data on analogous chemical substances; a chemical substance is considered to have moderate human health hazard if
effects are observed in animal studies with a NOAEL less than 1,000 mg/kg/day or if there are equivalent data on
analogous chemical substances; a chemical substance is considered to have high human health hazard if there is
evidence of adverse effects in humans or conclusive evidence of severe effects in animal studies with a NOAEL of
less than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day or if there are equivalent data on analogous chemical substances. EPA may also
use Benchmark Dose Levels (BMDL) derived from benchmark dose (BMD) modeling as points of departure for
toxic effects. See https://www.epa.gov/bmds/what-benchmark-dose-software-bmds. Using this approach, a BMDL
is associated with a benchmark response, for example a 5 or 10 % incidence of effect. The aforementioned
characterizations of hazard (low, medium, high) would also apply to BMDLs. In the absence of animal data on a
chemical or analogous chemical substance, EPA may use other data or information such as from in vitro assays,
chemical categories (e.g., Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2014 Guidance on Grouping
of Chemicals, Second Edition. ENV/JM/MONO(2014)4. Series on Testing & Assessment No. 194. Environment
Directorate, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France.

(http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplavdocumentpdf/?cote=env/im/mono(2014)4&doclanguage=en)).
structure-activity relationships, and/or structural alerts to support characterizing human health hazards.

5	A chemical substance is considered to have low ecotoxicity hazard if the Fish, Daphnid and Algae LC50 values are
greater than 100 mg/L, or if the Fish and Daphnid chronic values (ChVs) are greater than 10.0 mg/L, or there are not
effects at saturation (occurs when water solubility of a chemical substance is lower than an effect concentration), or
the log Kow value exceeds QSAR cut-offs. A chemical substance is considered to have moderate ecotoxicity hazard
if the lowest of the Fish, Daphnid or Algae LC50s is greater than 1 mg/L and less than 100 mg/L, or where the Fish
or Daphnid ChVs are greater than 0.1 mg/L and less than 10.0 mg/L. A chemical substance is considered to have
high ecotoxicity hazard, or if either the Fish, Daphnid or Algae LC50s are less than 1 mg/L, or any Fish or Daphnid
ChVs is less than 0.1 mg/L (Sustainable Futures https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-futures/sustainable-futures-p2-
framework-manual).

6	TSCA New Chemicals Program (NCP) Chemical Categories, https://www.epa.gov/reviewing-new-chemicals-
under-toxic-substances-control-act-tsca/chemical-categories-used-review-new.

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TSCA Section 5(a)(3) Determination for Premanufacture Notice (PMN) P-21-0135

new chemical substance is expected to have low environmental hazard. Because hazards are not
expected up to the water solubility limit, acute and chronic concentrations of concern are not
identified.

Exposure: The exposure to a new chemical substance is potentially relevant to whether a new
chemical substance is likely to present unreasonable risks because the significance of the risk is
dependent upon both the hazard (or toxicity) of the chemical substance and the extent of
exposure to the substance.

EPA considers workers to be a potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulation (PESS) on the
basis of greater exposure potential compared to the general population. EPA also considers PESS
in conducting general population drinking water exposures by evaluating risks associated with
water intake rates for multiple age groups, ranging from infants to adults. EPA considers
consumers of specific products to be a potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulation on the
basis of greater exposure potential compared to the general population who do not use specific
products.

Risk Characterization: Due to low hazard, EPA believes that this chemical substance would be
not likely to present an unreasonable risk even if potential exposures were high. Therefore, EPA
concludes that the new chemical substance is not likely to present unreasonable risk under the
conditions of use.

12/20/2021			[s[	

Date:	Madison H. Le, Director

New Chemicals Division
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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