FACT SHEET

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials
Manufacturing Facilities; Residual Risk and Technology Review

ACTION

•	On April 23, 2018, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed amendments to
the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Friction
Materials Manufacturing Facilities to address the results of the residual risk and technology
review (RTR) conducted under section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA).

•	This proposed action will remove the startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) exemption.
In addition, it will revise the recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

•	EPA will accept comment on this proposed action for 45 days after publication in the
Federal Register.

•	EPA issued the original Friction Materials Manufacturing Facilities air toxics emissions
standards on October 18, 2002.

RESIDUAL RISK ASSESSMENT

•	The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to assess the risk remaining after application of the final
air toxics standards. This is known as a residual risk assessment.

•	After assessing the risk from exposure to toxic air emissions from friction materials
manufacturing facilities, the EPA proposes that the emissions standards provide an
acceptable level of risk with an ample margin of safety to protect public health.

•	The maximum individual cancer risk (MIR) for the source category is estimated to be less
than 1-in-l million. The population exposed to cancer risks greater than or equal to 1-in-l
million, considering actual and allowable emissions, is zero.

•	The chronic non-cancer respiratory risk for the source category indicates a maximum hazard
index (HI) of less than 1.

•	The maximum acute hazard quotient (HQ) is below 1 for all friction materials manufacturing
facilities, with hexane being the risk driver.

TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

•	The CAA also requires the EPA to review and revise the maximum achievable control
technology (MACT) standards, as necessary, taking into account developments in practices,
processes and control technologies since the EPA issued the standards.

•	The technology assessment found two new technologies that were not previously identified
in the original NESHAP. However, both technologies were found to be not cost effective.

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BACKGROUND

•	The CAA requires the EPA to regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from
categories of industrial facilities in two phases.

•	The first phase is "technology-based," where the EPA develops standards for controlling the
emissions of air toxics from sources in an industry group (or "source category"). These
MACT standards are based on emissions levels that are already being achieved by the best-
controlled and lower-emitting sources in an industry.

•	Within 8 years of setting the MACT standards, the CAA directs the EPA to assess the
remaining health risks from each source category to determine whether the MACT
standards protect public health with an ample margin of safety, and protect against adverse
environmental effects. This second phase is a "risk-based" approach called residual risk
assessment. Here, the EPA must determine whether more health-protective standards are
necessary.

•	Also, every 8 years after setting the MACT standards, the CAA requires that the EPA review
and revise the standards, if necessary, to account for improvements in air pollution controls
and/or prevention.

HOW TO COMMENT

•	EPA will accept comment on the proposed action for 45 days following publication in the
Federal Register.

•	Comments on the proposed amendments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-
0358, can be submitted by one of the following methods:

o Online: www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments,
o Email: Send your comments via electronic mail to a-and-r-Docket@epa.gov, Attention

Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0358.
o Facsimile: Fax your comments to (202) 566-9744, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2017-0358.

o Mail: EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 28221T,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2017-0358. We request that a separate copy also be sent to the contact person
identified below (see FOR MORE INFORMATION contact),
o Hand Deliver your comments to: EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), EPA WJC West Building,
Room 3334,1301 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0358. Such deliveries are accepted only during the normal hours of
operation (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays), and
special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

•	Interested parties can download the proposed action from the EPA's website at the
following address: https://www.epa.gov/stationarv-sources-air-pollution/friction-materials-
manufacturing-facilities-national-emission. Today's proposed amendments and other
background information are also available either electronically at

http://www.regulations.gov. the EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, or in

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hardcopy at the EPA Docket Center's Public Reading Room. The Docket ID number for this
proposed action is EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0358.

•	The Public Reading Room is located in the EPA Headquarters Library, Room
Number 3334 in the EPA WJC West Building, located at 1301 Constitution Ave.,
NW, Washington, DC. Hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. eastern
standard time, Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays.

•	Visitors are required to show photographic identification, pass through a metal
detector and sign the EPA visitor log. All visitor materials will be processed
through an X-ray machine as well. Visitors will be provided a badge that must be
visible at all times.

• For further information about the proposed action, contact Korbin Smith of EPA's Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Programs Division, Minerals and
Manufacturing Group at (919)-541-2416 or by email at smith.korbin@epa.gov.

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