PFAS, Microplastics, and Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCP) Wastewater Treatment Technology References Below is a preliminary list of resources referenced in US EPA's January 18, 2023 Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Emerging Contaminants Water Industry Professionals and Utility Staff Webinar, which has been recorded and is available online at: https://www.epa.gov/dwsrf/bipartisan- in frastructure-la w-srf-memoran dum. EPA does not endorse any non-government websites, companies, technologies, internet applications or any policies or information expressed by third parties. PFAS Engineering and Analysis Division. (2022). 3rd Draft Method 1633 Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous, Solid, Biosolids, and Tissue Samples by LC-MS/MS (EPA 821-D-22-003). Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water. Office of Science and Technology. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022- 12/3rd%20Draft%20Method%201633%20December%202022%2012-20-22_508.pdf National Alliance for Water Innovation. (2022). Selective Electrocatalytic Destruction of PFAS using a Reactive Electrochemical Membrane System. U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office, https://www.nawihub.org/wp- content/uploads/sites/16/2022/10/6.17-Brian-Chaplin-Selective-Electrocatalytic-Destruction-of-PFAS- using-a-Reactive-Electrochemical-Membrane-System-l.pdf Office of Research and Development. (2021). Potential PFAS Destruction Technology: Electrochemical Oxidation. Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/research-brief- potential-pfas-destruction-technology-electrochemical-oxidation Office of Research and Development. (2021). Potential PFAS Destruction Technology: Mechanochemical Degradation. Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/research- brief-potential-pfas-destruction-technology-mechanochemical-degradation Office of Research and Development. (2021). Potential PFAS Destruction Technology: Pyrolysis and Gasification, https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/research-brief-potential-pfas-destruction- technology-pyrolysis-and-gasification Office of Research and Development. (2021). Potential PFAS Destruction Technology: Supercritical Water Oxidation. Environmental Protection Agency, https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/research- brief-potential-pfas-destruction-technology-supercritical-water Microplastics Conley, K., Clum, A., Deepe, J., Lane, H., & Beckingham, B. (2019). Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microplastics to an urban estuary: Removal efficiencies and loading per capita over one year. Water Research X, 3. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100030 Kang, J., Zhou, L., Duan, X., Sun, H., Ao, Z., & Wang, S. (2019). Degradation of cosmetic microplastics via functionalized carbon nanosprings. Matter, 1(3), 745-758. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.06.004 ------- Kundu, A., Shetti, N. P., Basu, S., Raghava Reddy, K., Nadagouda, M. N., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2021). Identification and removal of micro- and nano-plastics: Efficient and cost-effective methods. Chemical Engineering Journal, 421, 129816. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129816 Mason, S. A., Garneau, D., Sutton, R., Chu, Y., Ehmann, K., Barnes, J., Fink, P., Papazissimos, D., & Rogers, D. L. (2016). Microplastic pollution is widely detected in US municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Environmental Pollution, 218, 1045-1054. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.056 Ormaniec, P., & Mikosz, J. (2022). A review of methods for the isolation of microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment. Technical Transactions, 119(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.37705/techtrans/e2022010 Ozdemir, S., Akarsu, C., Acer, O., Fouillaud, M., Dufosse, L., & Dizge, N. (2022). Isolation of thermophilic bacteria and investigation of their microplastic degradation ability using polyethylene polymers. Microorganisms, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganismsl0122441 Poerio, T., Piacentini, E., & Mazzei, R. (2019). Membrane processes for microplastic removal. Molecules, 24(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224148 Raju, S., Carbery, M., Kuttykattil, A., Senathirajah, K., Subashchandrabose, S. R., Evans, G., &Thavamani, P. (2018). Transport and fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Implications to environmental health. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 17, 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/slll57-018-9480-3 Reddy, A. S., & Nair, A. T. (2022). The fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: An overview of source and remediation technologies. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 28. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102815 Sun, J., Dai, X., Wang, Q., van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., & Ni, B.J. (2019). Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Detection, occurrence and removal. Water Research, 152, 21-37. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.050 Werbowski, L. M., Gilbreath, A. N., Munno, K., Zhu, X., Grbic, J., Wu, T., Sutton, R., Sedlak, M. D., Deshpande, A. D., & Rochman, C. M. (2021). Urban stormwater runoff: A major pathway for anthropogenic particles, black rubbery fragments, and other types of microplastics to urban receiving waters. ACS EST Water, 1(6), 1420-1428. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.lc00017 PPCPs Al-Baldawi, I. A., Mohammed, A. A., Mutar, Z. H., Abdullah, S. R., Jasim, S. S., Almansoory, A. F., & Ismail, N. I. (2021). Application of phytotechnology in alleviating pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater: Source, impacts, treatment, mechanisms, fate, and SWOT analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 319. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128584 Dhangar, K., & Kumar, M. (2020). Tricks and tracks in removal of emerging contaminants from the wastewater through hybrid treatment systems: A Review. Science of The Total Environment, 738. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140320 Kumar, M., Sridharan, S., Sawarkar, A. D., Shakeel, A., Anerao, P., Mannina, G., Sharma, P., & Pandey, A. (2023). Current research trends on emerging contaminants pharmaceutical and personal care products ------- (PPCPs): A comprehensive review. Science of The Total Environment, 859. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160031 Madadian, E., & Simakov, D. S. A. (2022). Thermal degradation of emerging contaminants in municipal biosolids: The case of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Chemosphere, 303. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135008 Paucar, N. E., Kim, I., Tanaka, H., & Sato, C. (2018). Ozone treatment process for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater. Ozone: Science & Engineering, 41(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2018.1482456 Snyder, S. A., Adham, S., Redding, A. M., Cannon, F. S., DeCarolis, J., Oppenheimer, J., Wert, E. C., & Yoon, Y. (2007). Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. Desalination, 202(1-3), 156-181. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.052 Suarez, S., Carballa, M., Omil, F., & Lema, J. M. (2008). How are pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removed from urban wastewaters? Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 7, 125-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/slll57-008-9130-2 Sui, Q., Huang, J., Lu, S., Deng, S., Wang, B., Zhao, W., Qiu, Z., & Yu, G. (2013). Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products by sequential ultraviolet and ozonation process in a full- scale wastewater treatment plant. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 8, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/sll783-013-0518-z US EPA. (2009). Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in wastewater from nine publicly owned treatment works. Washington, DC: EPA-821-R-09-009. Wang, Y., Wang, X., Li, M., Dong, J., Sun, C., & Chen, G. (2018). Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from municipal waste water with integrated membrane systems, MBR-RO/NF. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerphl5020269 Zepon Tarpani, R. R., & Azapagic, A. (2018). Life cycle environmental impacts of advanced wastewater treatment techniques for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Journal of Environmental Management, 215, 258-272. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.047 ------- |