February 23, 2023
Pesticide Registration Notice (PR Notice) 2023-01
NOTICE TO MANUFACTURERS, FORMULATORS, PRODUCERS, REGISTRANTS
AND APPLICATORS OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS
ATTENTION: Persons Responsible for Public Health Programs and Those Responsible for
Registration of Pesticide Products
SUBJECT: Lists of Pests of Significant Public Health Importance - Revised 2023
This notice updates and replaces PR Notice 2002-1, which identifies pests of significant public
health importance. Section 28(d) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in coordination with
the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and United States
Department of Agriculture (USD A), to identify pests of significant public health importance and to
develop and implement programs to improve and facilitate the safe and necessary use of chemical,
biological and other methods to combat and control such pests of public health importance.
The lists were first published in 2002, fulfilling the requirement of FIFRA section to identify pests of
significant public health importance. EPA, HHS and USDA believe that pests, diseases, and
control techniques have changed since 2002. The lists provide an interagency baseline for the
federal government and the public to begin any discussions on government regulation and
control of disease or vectors of disease agents. EPA makes this information available, in part, to
establish a platform for stakeholders, such as public health departments or pesticide registrants to
prioritize their workloads and resource allocations. The Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA,
coordinated the review by experts in public health and/or pesticide use patterns to compile these
lists. No person is required to take any action in response to this notice.
The publication of these lists do not affect the regulatory status of any pesticide registration,
pesticide registration exemption under FIFRA section 25(b), pesticide device, or application for
registration of any pesticide product or device. These lists do not, by itself, determine whether a
pesticide product might be considered a "public health pesticide" as that term is used in FIFRA.
That term is defined in FIFRA section 2(nn); determining whether any specific pesticide is a
public health pesticide is beyond the scope of this PR Notice.
The Agency has determined that the lists of pests of significant public health importance required
under FIFRA section 28(d) can be established independently of the definition of "public health
pesticide" in section 2(nn). EPA is interpreting the term "significant public health importance"
broadly, to include pests that pose a widely recognized risk to considerable numbers of people.
I. BACKGROUND
FIFRA section 28(d) charges EPA with identifying "pests of significant public health importance."
FIFRA section 2(t) defines the term "pest" as meaning:
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(1) any insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or (2) any other form of terrestrial or
aquatic plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except viruses,
bacteria, or other micro-organism on or in living man or other living animals) which the
Administrator declares to be a pest under section 25(c)(1).
Pursuant to the authorization in the second part of this definition, EPA has broadly declared that
the term pest includes all members of each of the categories of organisms identified in FIFRA
section 2(t) in circumstances where they are deleterious to man or the environment, except for
the organisms specifically excluded by the definition (See 40 CFR 152.5).
II. THE LISTS
EPA has determined that the pests identified in the Appendix are pests of significant public health
importance as that term is used in FIFRA section 28(d). Although these lists are derived in large
part from review of the pesticide/pest combinations for which efficacy (product performance) data
are generally required to be submitted and reviewed prior to registration; in no way should this be
interpreted to mean that EPA has or would base any regulatory action solely on these lists. EPA is
publishing these lists separate from any statutory or regulatory conclusions which may be
associated with public health pesticides. Additionally, these lists do not account for unanticipated
nomenclature changes and/or novel pests. A brief description of the pests and their potential
impact on the public's health each is provided below:
Arthropods. The listed arthropods may cause asthma or trigger allergies, contaminate
food, irritate skin, cause direct injury, or carry agents causing diseases such as Lyme
disease, epidemic typhus, trench fever, epidemic relapsing fever, malaria, encephalitis (St.
Louis, Eastern, Western, West Nile and LaCrosse), yellow fever, dengue fever and many
others.
Vertebrates. The listed organisms have the potential for direct human injury and can
act as disease reservoirs for rabies and other diseases. The rats and mice include those
that spread rodent-borne diseases and contaminate food for human consumption.
Microorganisms and acellular particles. This category includes listed bacteria, fungi,
protozoans, viruses, virusoids, and prions. The microorganisms and acellular particles
listed in this category cause diseases such as COVID-19, cholera, meningitis,
Legionnaire's Disease and many others.
As with the original 2002 lists (PR Notice 2002-1)1, these lists identify the pests that EPA, HHS
and USDA currently consider to be of significant public health importance. As deemed necessary,
the Agency will update the lists of pests of significant public health importance. Also, EPA notes
that the listings in the "Public Health Importance/Possible Clinical Significance" column are not
exhaustive and can vary in their presence and severity (up to and including death) based on a
variety of situation specific factors.
1 https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-04/documents/pr2002-l.pdf
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Interested parties are invited to petition the Agency regarding the amendment of these lists. This
petition should include the common use name and scientific name of the pest, and a rationale
regarding the public health threat posed by this pest. These petitions can be sent to the contact
under Part V. For Additional Information.
III. USE OF THE LISTS OF PESTS OF SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC HEALTH
IMPORTANCE BY THE AGENCY
The Agency will use the lists of pests of significant public health importance to:
1. Fulfill the requirements set forth in FIFRA section 28(d)
2. Together with other federal agencies, develop and implement programs to improve and
facilitate the safe and necessary use of chemical, biological and other methods to
control pests of public health importance
3. To identify pests that might warrant additional scrutiny and analyses of benefits
before changing, restricting or eliminating a use to control a pest of public health
significance
IV. WHAT REGISTRANTS SHOULD DO
Registrants do not need to do anything in response to this notice.
V. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
If you have questions regarding this PR Notice, please contact one of the following individuals:
Name: Susan Jennings
phone: (706) 355-8574
e-mail: jennings.susan@epa.gov
You may also mail a written inquiry to EPA using the following address:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs (Mailcode 7505M)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
VI. Signature
This PR Notice is digitally signed today, February 23, 2023.
MICHAEL Digitally signed by MICHAEL
GOODIS
GOOD IS Date: 2023.02.23 14:25:50 -05'00'
Michael Goodis,
Acting Director, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Appendix
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Appendix to PR Notice 2023-01 (02/23/2023)
Arthropod Pests 2
Vertebrate Pests 7
Microorganisms 11
Appendix A - Page 1
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Arthropod Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
ARACHNIDS
Ixoriiria
Soft Ticks Aruiisidiic
Relapsing fever ticks (and
allied species)
1 laid Ticks
Ornithodoros turicata
Tick-borne relapsing fever
Ornithodoros hermsi
Ornithodoros parkeri
kodidac
American dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
Tularemia, tick paralysis,
Rocky Mountain wood tick
Dermacentor andersoni
Colorado tick fever, Rocky
Mountain spotted fever,
Tularemia, tick paralysis,
Pacific Coast tick
Dermacentor occidentalis
Pacific Coast tick fever
Western blacklegged tick
Ixodes pacificus
Anaplasmosis, Borrelia
miyamotoi disease, Lyme disease
Blacklegged tick (deer tick)
Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasmosis, Borrelia
miyamotoi disease, Lyme disease,
Babesiosis, Powassan encephalitis
Brown dog tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Lone star tick
Amblyomma americanum
Ehrlichiosis, Bourbon virus
disease, Heartland virus disease,
Alpha-gal syndrome (red meat
allergy)
Gulf Coast tick
Amblyomma maculatum
Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis
Tromhiriirornics
Chiuucr miles TiomMciilidac
Common chiggers
Eutrombicula spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary
infection
rollick* miles Dcmodicidac
Dog follicle mite
Demodex canis
Scabies
Human follicle mites
Sarcoplilbrmes
Dusl Miles
Demodex brevis
Roseacea, Demodicosis,
Demodicidosis, eye infections
Demodex folliculorum
j ' \" i" ¦ i ¦ f! V ¦":! 1 i 1 (i i."
American house dust mite
Dermatophagoides farina
Allergic reaction, Asthma
European house dust mite
Chorioptes pteronyssinus
llcli Miles Sarcopidac
Scabies mite
Sarcoptes scabiei
Scabies
Appendix - Page 2
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Arthropod Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Amnesic
Spiders
Widow spiders, including:
Southern black widow
Northern black widow
Western black widow
Brown widow
Latrodectus mactans
Latrodectus variolus
Latrodectus hesperus
Latrodectus geometricus
Venomous bite
Recluse spiders, including:
Brown recluse
Loxosceles reclusa
Scorpiones
Scorpions
Centruroides sculpturatus
Venomous sting
Bark scorpions
Cliiloporia
(Villi pedes
Centruroides exilicauda
Centruroides vittatus
House centipede
Scutigera coleoptrata
Venomous bite
Florida blue centipede
Hemiscolopendra marginata
Scolopendra centipedes
Scolopendra spp.
lilalloriea
Cockroaches
American cockroach
J 'en plane la aniencana
Allergic reaction, asthma,
Salmonellosis, E. coli infection,
hepatitis
Australian cockroach
Periplaneta australasiae
Brown cockroach
Periplaneta brunnea
Smokybrown cockroach
Periplaneta fuliginosa
Brownbanded cockroach
Supella longipalpa
German cockroach
Blattella germanica
Oriental cockroach
Blatta orientalis
Anoplur;i
Siickinu lice
Body louse (cootie)
Pediculus humanus humanus
Epidemic typhus, epidemic
relapsing fever, Trench fever,
dermatitis with risk of secondary
infection
Head louse
Pediculus humanus capitis
Crab louse (crabs)
Phthirus pubis
Appendix - Page 3
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Arthropod Pests
Pest
MeleropU'ra
True hums
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Bed bug
Cimex lectularis
Bites, allergic reactions
Tropical bed bug
Cimex hemipterus
Masked hunter
Re tin v ins personatus
Chagas disease, allergic reactions
Large kissing bug
Triatoma rubrofasciata
Chagas disease, allergic reactions
Bloodsucking conenose
Triatoma sanguisuga
Western bloodsucking
conenose
Diplcra
1 lorse & Deer Mies
Triatoma protracta
Horse flies
Tabanus spp.
Painful Bite, allergic reactions,
mechanical transmission of
anthrax
Deer flies
Chrysops spp.
Painful Bite, allergic reactions,
Tularemia
("illypirate Mies
House fly
Musca domestica
Salmonellosis, Shigella,
dysentery, myiasis, allergic
reactions
Stable fly
Stomoxys calcitrans
Little house fly
Fannia canicularis
Horse bot fly
Gasterophilus intestinalis
Ocular myiasis, cutaneous
myiasis
Nose bot fly
Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis
Torsalo (human bot fly)
Dermatobia hominus
Sheep ked
Melophagus ovinus
Myiasis
Flesh flies
Sarcophagidae, including
Sarcophaga and Wohlfahrtia
spp.
Myiasis, mechanical vector of
pathogens
Blow flies
Calliphoridae, including
Phaenicia and Calliphora spp.
Myiasis, mechanical vector of
pathogens
Screwworm
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Myiasis
Secondary screwworm
Cochliomyia macellaria
Appendix - Page 4
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Arthropod Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
liilinu Midues and Sand Mies
"No-See-Ums"
Culicoides spp., Leptoconops
spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary
infection, allergic reactions
Punkies
Biting midges
Sand flies
Lutzomyia spp., Phlebotomus
spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary
infection, American dermal
leishmaniasis
Black flies
Simuliidae; includes Simulium
and Prosimulium spp.
River blindness, dermatitis with
Black gnats
risk of secondary infection,
painful bite, allergic reactions
Mosquitoes
Culicidae
Viral diseases, such as:
Mosquito species that vector
disease
Aedes spp.
Culex spp.
Culiseta spp.
Ochlerotatus spp.
Anopheles spp.
Psorophora spp.
Coquillettidia spp.
Mansonia spp.
West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis
Eastern equine encephalitis,
Western equine encephalitis,
Venezuelan equine encephalitis,
LaCrosse, Jamestown Canyon,
Cache Valley virus disease,
Dengue fever, Yellow fever,
Malaria, Zika, Chikungunya,
Japanese encephalitis
(note: not all diseases are
vectored by every genera)
Siplionaplcra
Mens
Cat flea
Ctenocephalides felis
Bartonella, Murine typhus,
tapeworm infection, dermatitis
with a risk of secondary infection,
allergic reactions, painful bite
Dog flea
Ctenocephalides canis
Human flea
Pulex irritans
Dermatitis with risk of secondary
infection, allergic reactions,
painful bite
Sticktight flea
Echidnophaga gallinacea
Oriental rat flea
Xenopsylla cheopis
Bubonic plague, Murine plague
Chigoe
Tunga penetrans
(endemic typhus), Dermatitis with
Other fleas
Oropsylla spp.
Thrassis spp.
Ceratophyllus gallinae
risk of secondary infection,
allergic reactions, painful bite
Appendix - Page 5
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Arthropod Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
llyiiicnoplci-ii
Slinuinu W asps. Ikvs. & Anls
Yellowjackets
Vespula spp.
European hornet
Vespa crabro
Bald-faced hornet
Dolichovespula maculata
Painful stings, allergic reactions
Paper wasps
Polistes spp.
Thread-waisted wasps
(including mud daubers)
Sphecidae: Various species
Anls
I'oimicidac
Pharaoh ant
Monomorium pharaonis
Feed on wounds
Fire ants, including:
Southern fire ant
Tropical fire ant
Red imported fire ant
Black imported fire ant
European fire ant
Solenopsis spp.
Solenopsis xyloni
Solenopsis geminata
Solenopsis invicta,
Solenopsis richteri
Myrmica rubra
Painful stings, allergic reactions
TTai\ ester anls
P( >g( >i k >iii\ i in ex s i") i")
Painful slinus. alleruic reactions
Ikvs
Apidac
Africanized honey bee
Apis mellifera scutellata
Painful stings, allergic reactions
Appendix - Page 6
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Vertebrate Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Reptiles
Rattlesnakes
Lrulalus spp.
Direct injury, venomous bites
Copperhead and
cottonmouth snakes
Agkistrodon spp.
Coral snakes
Micrurus spp.
Brown tree snake
Boiga irregularis
I'isli
Cheat white shark
Larcharudun curchunus
Direct Injury
Tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvier
Bull shark
Carcharhinus leucas
Asian carps
Cyprinus spp.
Ctenopharyngodon spp.
Hypophthalmichthys spp.
Birds
Creese
Subfamily Ansei'iiiae
Histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis,
psittacosis, avian influenza, direct
injury, bird strike at airports
Mute swan
Cygus olor
Gulls
Subfamily Larinae
Coot
Fulica americana
Rock dove (domestic
pigeon)
Columba livia
Cliff swallow
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Barn swallow
Hirundo rustica
House (English)
sparrow
Passer domesticus
American crow
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Fish crow
Corvus ossifragus
European starling
Sturnus vulgaris
House finch
Cardodacus purpureus
Blackbirds
Family Icteridae
Common raven
Corvus corax
Chihuahuan raven
Corvus cryptoleucus
Black vulture
Cathartes aura
Turkey vulture
Coragyps atratus
Appendix - Page 7
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Vertebrate Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Miim 111:1 Is
Hals
Big brown bat
Eptesicus fuscus
Rabies, histoplasmosis,
salmonellosis, yersiniosis, Nipah
virus, Ebola virus, SARS
coronavirus
Little brown bat
Myotis lucifugus
Brazilian (Mexican)
free-tailed bat
Tadarida brasiliensis
Big eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
Common vampire bat
Desmodus rotundus
Mice
House mouse
Mus musculus
Hantavirus, salmonellosis,
tularemia, leptospirosis,
lymphocytic chorio-meningitis,
rat bite fever, other diseases,
allergy and asthma triggers from
urine/hair/dander
Deer mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
Cotton mouse
Peromyscus gossypinus
White-footed mouse
(White-footed deer
mouse)
Peromyscus leucopus
Eastern harvest mouse
Reithrodontomys humuli
Golden mouse
Ochrotomys nuttalli
Rats
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Leptospirosis, plague, rat bite
fever, salmonellosis, tularemia,
lymphocytic chorio-meningitis,
direct injury, allergy and asthma
triggers from urine/hair/dander
Roof rat
Rattus rattus
Polynesian rat
Rattus exulans
Cotton rats
Sigmodon spp.
Mexican woodrat
Neotoma mexicana
Southern plains
woodrat
Neotoma micropus
White-throated
woodrat
Neotoma albigula
Appendix - Page 8
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Vertebrate Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Squirrels
Flying squirrels
( ihtucomys spp.
SvKalic lypluis, leptospirosis
Ground squirrels and
prairie dogs
Urocitellus spp., Spermophilus
spp., Ictidomys spp., Poliocitellus
spp., Cynomys spp.,
Xerospermophilus spp.,
Callospermophilus spp.,
Otospermopjilus spp.,
Ammospermophilus spp.
Plague, tularemia
Tree squirrels and
chipmunks
Sciurus spp., Tamias spp.,
Eutamias spp., Tamiasciurus spp.
Leptospirosis, salmonellosis,
tularemia, rabies, direct injury
Woodchuck
Marmota monax
Yellow-bellied
marmot
Marmota flaviventris
Other Mammals
Bears
Family Ursidae
Toxoplasmosis, brucellosis,
trichinellosis, direct injury
Coyote
Canis latrans
Rabies, canine distemper virus,
leptospirosis, direct injury
Arctic fox
Alopex lagopus
Gray fox
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Red fox
Vulpes vulpes
Gray wolf
Canis lupus
Wild (feral) dog
Canis lupus familiaris
Wild (feral) cat
Felis catus
Toxoplasmosis, rabies, direct
injury
Wild (feral) horse
Equus caballus
Rabies, leptospirosis,
salmonellosis, campylobacterosis,
cryptosporidiosis, direct injury
Wild (feral) swine
Javelina (collared
peccary)
Sus scrofa
Dicotyles tajacu
Leptospirosis, brucellosis, E. coli
infection, salmonellosis,
toxoplasmosis, rabies, swine
influenza viruses, trichinosis,
giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis,
direct injury
Deer and elk
Family Cervidae
Leptospirosis, salmonellosis,
chlamydiosis, campylobacterosis,
cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis,
direct injury
American bison
Bison bison
Brucellosis, direct injury
Mongooses
Family Herpestidae
Leptospirosis, direct injury
Appendix - Page 9
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Vertebrate Pests
Pest
Scientific Name
Public Health Importance/
Possible Clinical Significance
Oilier Mil in 111:1 Is (continued)
Mountain lion
(cougar)
Puma concolor
Toxoplasmosis, plague, rabies,
direct injury
Nutria
Myocastor coypus
Tuberculosis, septicemia, rabies,
leptospirosis
Porcupine
Erethizon dorsatum
Rabies, tularemia, direct injury
North American
beaver
Castor canadensis
Giardiasis, leptospirosis,
hantavirus, direct injury,
waterway impoundment that can
lead to life-threatening flooding
Badger
Taxidea taxus
Rabies, direct injury
Muskrat
Ondatra zibethicus
Leptospirosis, tularemia
Striped skunk
Mephitis mephitis
Leptospirosis, tularemia, direct
injury
Spotted skunk
Spilogale putorius
Raccoon
Procyon lotor
Rabbits
Family Leporidae
Cryptosporidoisis, tularemia,
rabbit hemorrhagic fever
Virginia opossum
Didelphis virginiana
Leptospirosis, tularemia, direct
injury
Nine-banded armadillo
Dasypus novemcinctus
Leprosy, Chagas disease
Appendix - Page 10
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
(Organism or Particle Type)
Public Health Importance
(Possible Clinical Significance)
Bacteria
Spirochetes
Borrelia spp.
Lyme disease, Borrelia miyamotoi disease,
tick-borne relapsing fever
Leptospira spp.
Leptospirosis
Treponema spp.
Syphilis, yaws, pinta
(ir;im-\cu;ili\e liacleiiii ueroMc rods and cocci
Campylobacter spp.
Enteritis, abscesses,
Pseudomonas spp.
Septicemia, abscesses, respiratory and urinary
infections, bacteremia
Stenotrophomonas spp.
Respiratory infections, urinary tract infections
Burkholderia spp.
Endocarditis, septicemia, wound infections
Legionella spp.
Legionnaires' Disease, pneumonia
Neisseria spp.
Meningitis, gonorrhea, urinary tract infections
Elizabethkingia spp. (Chryseobacterium -
Flavobacteria spp.)
Nosocomial infection, meningitis, septicemia
Bordetella spp.
Whooping cough
Brucella spp.
Brucellosis, undulant fever
Moraxella spp.
Conjunctivitis
Acinetobacter spp.
Nosocomial infections
Aeromonas spp.
Gastroenteritis, wound, septicemia
Haemophilus spp.
Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, septicemia,
venereal disease
Chromobacterium spp.
Pyogenic infections, septicemia
(ir;im-\cu;ili\e liacleriii I\icliIlali\ el\ iiiuicroMc rods
Vibrio spp.
Cholera, gastroenteritis, septicemia, ear
infections
Plesiomonas spp.
Gastroenteritis
Pasteurella spp.
Meningitis, arthritis, otitis, septicemia,
sinusitis, encephalitis
Actinobacillus spp.
Pneumonia, bronchitis, septicemia, sinusitis
Bacteroide spp.
Diarrhea, intra-abdominal abscesses,
peritoneal infections, inflammatory bowel
disease, anaerobic bacteremia, colon cancer
Cardiobacterium spp.
Endocarditis
Gardnerella spp.
Vaginitis
Eikenella spp.
Sinusitis, pulmonary infections, arthritis,
endocarditis, pancreatic abscesses
Appendix - Page 11
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
Public Health Importance
(Organism or Particle Type)
(Possible Clinical Significance)
l-nteric liiiclcria
Escherichia spp.
Urinary tract infections, septicemia, diarrhea,
hemorrhagic colitis
Shigella spp.
Dysentery, diarrhea
Salmonella spp.
Gastroenteritis, septicemia, bacteremia,
arthritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis,
gallbladder infection
Citrobacter spp.
Opportunistic infections, neonatal meningitis
Klebsiella spp.
Pneumoniae, infant diarrhea and urinary tract
infection
Enterobacter spp./Other related species
Wound infection, nosocomial infections,
urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis
Hafnia spp.
Opportunistic infections
Proteus spp.
Urinary tract infections, infant diarrhea,
respiratory infections
Serratia spp.
Cystitis, bloodstream and central nervous
system infections
Providencia spp.
Nosocomial infections, urinary tract
infections, burn wound infections
Morganella spp.
Bacteremia, respiratory/urinary tract
infections, wound infections
Yersinia spp.
Gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia
Gram-\euali\e. Anaerobic. Straight. ('iii'\ed. and Helical Rods
Bacterioides spp.
Periodontal disease, bacteremia
Fusobacterium spp.
Abscesses
Rickettsia and Chlamydia - obligate, intracellular parasites
Rickettsia Rod-shaped bacteria or Coccobacil
li. Gram-\euali\e. \on-motile. Most
transmitted In arthropods
Rickettsia spp.
Rickettsialpox, Rocky Mountain spotted
fever, Rickettsiaparkeri rickettsiosis, Pacific
Coast tick fever
Anaplasma spp.
Anaplasmosis
Ehrlichia spp.
Ehrlichiosis
Coxiella spp.
Q fever
Chlamydia -coccoid bacteria, Gram-negative, non-motile
Chlamydia spp.
Trachoma (blindness), nongonococcal
urethritis, lymphoma venereum, pneumonia
Mycoplasma spp.
Pneumonia, urogenital tract infections
Ureaplasma spp.
Urogenital tract infections
Appendix - Page 12
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
(Organism or Particle Type)
Public Health Importance
(Possible Clinical Significance)
Gram-Positi\ e Cocci
Staphylococcus spp.
Cellulitis, boils, carbuncles, impetigo, toxic
shock syndrome, bacteremia, endocarditis,
meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.
Bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis,
genitourinary tract infections
Group A Streptococci spp.
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, arthritis,
rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo
Group B Streptococci spp.
Neonatal disease, pneumonia, septicemia,
meningitis, endocarditis
Group C Streptococci spp.
Pneumonia, pharyngitis, endocarditis,
meningitis
Enterococcus spp.
Wound infections, bacteremia, endocarditis,
meningitis
Additional Streptococci spp.
Pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia,
meningitis
l-ndosporc-lbrminu (irani-posili\ c rods and cocci
Bacillus spp.
Anthrax, gastroenteritis
Clostridioides spp.
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium spp.
Tetanus, botulism, gangrene
Non-I'iidospore Ibrminu Gram-Posili\e Rods
/ isicrm spp
l;ood poisoning, abscess, abortion, meningitis
/.rvsincloihrix spp
1 j'vsipeloid. arthritis, endocarditis
Irregular. non-endospore Ibrminu. Gram-posili\c rods
Corynebacterium spp.
Diphtheria
Actinomyces spp.
Actinomyces-granulomatous, ocular
infections, caries, periodontal disease,
intrauterine infection
Propionibacterium spp.
Acne
Mycobacterium spp.
Tuberculosis, pulmonary disease, cutaneous
abscesses, post-operative wound infections
Actinoim cetes Irregular, non-endospore Ibrminu. Gram-posili\e
Nocardia spp.
Cutaneous/subcutaneous infections,
nocardiosis, mycetoma
Rhodococcus spp.
Opportunist pathogens
Streptomyces spp.
Actinomycetoma
Actinomadura spp.
Appendix - Page 13
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
(Organism or Particle Type)
Public Health Importance
(Possible Clinical Significance)
l-'untii
Rhizopus spp.
Opportunistic infections—Mucormycosis
Rhizomucor spp.
Absidia spp.
Mucor spp.
Cunninghamella spp.
Mortierella spp.
Saksenaea spp.
Apophysomyces spp.
Penicillium spp.
Pneumonia, endocarditis, urinary tract
infections
Candida spp.
Candidiasis, thrush, iatrogenic infections,
Genitourinary tract infections
Fusarium spp.
Disseminated skin lesions in patients with
leukemia
Pseudalleschericia spp.
Local lesions in paranasal sinuses,
disseminated in kidney, thyroid, brain, heart
Cryptococcus spp.
Meningitis
Trichosporon spp.
Trichosporonosis
Epidermophyton spp.
Tinea cruris, tinea pedis
Malassezia spp.
Tinea versicolor
Exophiala spp.
Tinea nigra palmaris
Trichophyton spp.
Athlete's foot, tinea pedis, tinea corporis,
tinea pedis, tinea barbae, tinea cruris, tinea
capitis, tinea favosa
Microsporum spp.
Tinea capitis
Pneumocystis spp.
Pneumonia
Histoplasma spp.
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioides spp.
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides spp.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Blastomyces spp.
Blastomycosis
Sporothrix spp.
Sporotrichosis
Aspergillus spp.
Aspergillosis, pneumonia, ear infections,
food-borne intoxication (aflatoxin)
Stachvhotrvs spp. / Memnoniella spp
Allersic reactions
Protozoans
Amodxis
Entamoeba spp.
Amoebic dysentery
Naegleria spp.
Meningoencephaliti s
Acanthamoeba spp.
Keratitis, chronic granulomatous amoebic
encephalitis
Appendix - Page 14
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
(Organism or Particle Type)
Public Health Importance
(Possible Clinical Significance)
I'liiuel lilies
Giardia spp.
Dysentery
Trichomonas spp.
Urethritis, vaginitis
CiMales
lUihmiidiiim spp
l)\ seiilerv
Npoi'o/.oiins
Babesia spp.
Babesiosis
Cryptosporidium spp.
Diarrhea
Cyclospora spp.
Food poisoning
Toxoplasma spp.
Toxoplasmosis
Isospora spp.
Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain/cramping,
vomiting, fever
Viruses
Adenoviruses (Infectious canine hepatitis
vims)
Bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea,
conjunctivitis, fever, bladder inflammation
Alphaviruses (Eastern equine encephalitis
virus, chikungunya virus)
Fever, headache, joint swelling, pain,
seizures, neurocognitive symptoms
Papillomaviruses (HPV),
Cancers, papilloma, warts
Polyomaviruses (simian vacuolating virus,
Simian Virus 40, BK virus)
Usually asymptomatic, hemorrhagic cystitis,
Herpesviruses (herpes simplex viruses,
varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus,
Epstein-Barr virus)
Shingles, chicken pox, fever, sore throat,
swollen glands, hepatitis
Parvoviruses (parvovirus B19, canine
parvovirus)
Fifth disease, rash, rhinitis, headache, painful
joints
Poxviruses (smallpox virus, cow pox virus,
sheep pox virus, monkey pox, vaccinia virus,
molluscum contagiosum)
Lesions, skin nodules, disseminated rash
Picornaviruses
(poliovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus,
enterovirus, hepatovirus, cardiovirus)
Hand, foot, and mouth disease, viral
meningitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid
paralysis, inflammatory muscle disease,
stomach pain, nausea
Reoviruses (rotavirus)
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal pain
Caliciviruses (norovirus)
Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain
Togoviruses (rubella virus, alphavirus)
German measles, rash, sore throat
Flaviviruses (dengue virus, hepatitis C virus,
yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile
virus, Powassan virus, tick-borne encephalitis
virus)
Fever, headache, neurological symptoms,
nausea, vomiting, rash, aches, pains, bleeding
from nose or gums
Orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses,
Thogotovirus)
Fever, child, cough, sore throat, rhinitis
Appendix - Page 15
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PR Notice 2023-01; Appendix
Microorganisms
Taxonomic Name
(Organism or Particle Type)
Public Health Importance
(Possible Clinical Significance)
Viruses (continued)
Paramyxoviruses (measles virus, measles
virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),
canine distemper virus)
High fever, coryza, conjunctivitis, coughing,
wheezing,
Bunyaviruses (California encephalitis virus,
hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic
fever)
Fever, fatigue, muscle aches, vomiting,
diarrhea, lethargy, shortness of breath
Rhabdoviruses (rabies virus)
Flu-like symptoms, weakness, fever,
headache
Filoviruses (Ebola virus, Marburg virus)
Muscle pains, fatigue, diarrhea, unexplained
bleeding or bmising
Coronaviruses (coronavirus, SARS-CoV,
MERS-CoV)
Rhinitis, cough, sore throat, fever, fatigue,
difficulty breathing
Astroviruses (astrovirus)
Vomiting, diarrhea
Retroviruses (HIV)
Night sweats, continual fevers, extreme
fatigue, prolonged swelling of lymph glands,
immune deficiency (i.e., AIDS)
Hepeviruses (Hepatitis E virus)
Nausea, jaundice, liver failure
Hepadnaviruses (Hepatitis B virus)
Fever, vomiting, nausea, dark urine, jaundice
Arenaviruses (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
virus (LCMV), Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever
(T.TTF) vims. Sabia Virus. T.assa vims)
Meningitis, encephalitis, hydrocephalus, rash
on face and tmnk, respiratory distress,
circulatory issues
Prions
TSEs (transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies)
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome,
fatal familial insomnia, kum, Creutzfeldt-
Jakob Disease, bovine spongiform
encephalopathy, scrapie, transmissible mink
encephalopathy, feline spongiform
encephalopathy, ungulate spongiform
encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease
Appendix - Page 16
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