Clean Water Indian
Set-Aside Program

Fact Sheet


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Summary: What is CWISA?

The Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Act (CWISA) program protects public health and the
environment by improving wastewater sanitation facilities for tribal communities. The 1987
amendments to the Clean Water Act (CWA) established the CWISA program. Section 518 of the
CWA, as amended by the 2014 Water Resources Reform & Development Act, governs the program
and allows EPA to provide funding for the planning, design, and construction of wastewater
treatment plant facilities that serve federally recognized Indian tribes, Alaska Native Villages (ANV),
and certain tribes in Oklahoma.

Since inception, EPA has administered the CWISA program in close cooperation with the
Indian Health Service (IHS) Sanitation Facilities Construction program. The ten EPA Regions
are responsible for the administration of the regional CWISA programs, and EPA Headquarters
provides national program coordination, oversight, and policy direction. EPA Regions use the IHS
Sanitation Deficiency System (SDS) database to identify projects for CWISA program funds.

CWISA Has an Extensive Positive Impact

In FY 2023, the CWISA program received not only $15,515,000 from Congress in EPA's regular
appropriation, but also $48,540,000 in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) general
supplemental funding to be distributed in upcoming award cycles. FY 2023's funding will be
awarded throughout FY 2023 and FY 2024.

CWISA Program Impact

$70,000,000 	 90

$60,000,000

A 3 70

$50,000,000

V	/¦ ¦

$40,000,000	50

$20,000,000

I I I I I I

Fiscal Year

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

| IIJA Funding









$40,040,000

$48,540,000

| EPA Program Appropriations

$33,104,000

$32,777,000

$32,777,000

$32,777,000

$23,904,000

$15,515,000

™ Number of Projects Funded

59

45

44

31

82

70

FY 2023 ~ Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Act Fact Sheet

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Case Study 1

Backup Power Generators for Wastewater Systems for Tribes in California

Due to recent extreme wildfire events, California commercial power providers expanded the Public Safety Power
Shutoff (PSPS) Program, which temporarily cuts off power to specific areas to reduce the risk of fires caused by electrical
infrastructure. Due to their location within PSPS-targeted areas, tribes in effected areas have experienced unpredictable
and extended loss of power, with some outages lasting more than five days. Consequently, many tribal water and
wastewater systems have been at a high risk of water outages or sewage overflows due to a lack of backup power and/
or sufficient storage to support their water infrastructure.

To address this critical need, the EPA, the Indian Health Service, and the California Office of Emergency Services
partnered to support a tribal program to install backup generators. These partners identified needs, funded projects,
and conducted outreach to tribes; all three agencies worked together to plan, design, and install the generators. In
2019 and 2020, EPA awarded approximately $600,000 in CWISA funding to assist 8 tribal wastewater systems and
approximately $1 million in Drinking Water Tribal Set-Aside funding to assist 16 tribal water systems. An additional
$1.2 million in IHS and State of California funds have been committed to assist 16 water and wastewater systems with
backup power generators. A total of 32 backup power generators have been installed to date through this partnership,
with many others in the design, solicitation, or construction stage.

Case Study Data Source: Indian Health Service Sanitation Deficiency System

The Cahto Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria installed this emergency generator for their wastewater system

Case Study 2

The Oneida Nation, located near Green Bay, Wisconsin, repaired and rehabilitated wastewater sewer mains and
manholes that are a part of the Main Community wastewater collection system using IHS and EPA CWISA funds.. After
a previous review by IHS, parts of the sewer were found to have inflow and infiltration (l/l) issues that required updates
and repairs to maintain wastewater services for 583 homes. EPA contributed $561,200 of funding to support this project.

Due to seasonal increases in wastewater flows, the sewer main experienced instances of l/l. To combat this, the project
replaced more than 800 feet of sewer main, as well as repairing almost 1,500 feet of existing main lines. At the same
time, 25 vertical feet of manhole was replaced, and 30 additional manholes were repaired. The project ensured that
sewer lines remained efficient and operational for the affected homes.

FY 2023 ~ Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Act Fact Sheet

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Case Study 3

Wastewater Treatment Lagoon System Upgrades in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Reservation

The Town of Dewar, located in The Muscogee (Creek) Nation reservation, owns and operates a public wastewater
treatment lagoon system. Census data indicates that many lagoon communities are economically disadvantaged, and a
high percentage of lagoon facilities have compliance concerns. The lagoon in Dewar was overloaded and had been out
of compliance for discharged effluent limits for over 15 years. Repairs and upgrades were needed to ensure the system
could meet those requirements.

Almost 200 Tribal homes are served by this project, including the nearly 800 people living in Dewar, according to the
2020 US Census. In 202.1, this lagoon upgrade project was selected for funding and $989,000 of EPA's Clean Water
Indian Set Aside funds were reserved for this project, which was combined with II IS and Oklahoma Water Resources
Board funding. To provide for adequate treatment of the Town's wastewater, the existing lagoon cells were rehabilitated
and new cells and a new bentonite clay liner were added. Additionally the project added new concrete manholes and
structures, 12-inch PVC sewer piping, valves, a cascade aerator, security fencing, an influent lift station, and a backup
generator. Construction was completed in June of 2023. These improvements have drastically improved the Town's
wastewater treatment system and should provide a safe, regulated wastewater disposal facility foryears to come.

Case Study Data Source: Indian Health Service Sanitation Deficiency System

The rehabilitated and expanded lagoon in the Town of Dewar, in The Muscogee (Creek) Nation.

Case Study 4

The wastewater system for the Fort Totten community of the Spirit Lake Tribe, about 150 miles northeast of Bismark, North
Dakota, is served by a main sewage lift station. The sewer system consists of a combination of 8" and 10" PVC gravity sewer
main and concrete manholes. Due to the age and system use, the coating and concrete applied within the lift system
degraded, and concrete fragments were damaging and plugging pumps. Continued use of the lift station would lead to
further damage of both the integrity of the structure and the pumps within. The lift station was overdue for a replacement,
and a new, durable lining would be applied to ensure that the station remained in service for years to come.

EPA contributed $500,000 to the lift station replacement project. The project provided an effective, lasting solution to ensure
that the 222. homes served by the sewer collection retained safe and secure access to wastewater services.

FY 2023 ~ Clean Water Indian Set-Aside Act Fact Sheet

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oEPA

www.epa.gov
EPA Publication 832F24015


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