Richmond, VA NATTS Network Assessment Review
Established 2008: Carbonyls, Chromium VI, PAHs, PMio Metals, and VOCs
o Chromium VI ended in in 2016
For the NATTS Network Assessment (2008-2018):
o 18 of 18 Method Quality Objective (MQO) Core HAPs were included in the national trends
o 176 of 177 pollutant datasets were suitable for trends analysis
o Annual Average and 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations were generally flat over time, with the
exception of a few pollutants (benzene, cadmium (PMio), naphthalene, and nickel (PMio)).
o 100% Reporting of Datasets
Method Quality Objectives (MQO): 2008-2018
o Completeness: Met 85% completeness in 177 of 177 pollutant datasets
o Method Detection Limits: Met MDL Target Ratio of 1.00 in 165 of 196 pollutant datasets
o Bias: Met ħ25% for 153 of 161 pollutant datasets
o Overall Method Precision: Met <15% CV for 48 of 56 pollutant datasets
o Analytical Method Precision: Met <15% CV for 79 of 108 pollutant datasets
Analytical Laboratories for 2018
voc
Carbonyl
PMio Metals
Chromium VI
PAHs
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
NA
ERG
Equipment Year Deployed
Equipment Type
VOC
Carbonyl
PMio Metals
Chromium VI
PAHs
Sampler
2018
2014
2009
2008
2008
Analytical
2004
2012
2006
2001
2014
Preconcentrator
2012
NA
NA
NA
NA
Standards Preparation
2004
NA
NA
NA
NA
Canister Cleaning
2018
NA
NA
NA
NA
Extraction
NA
NA
2010
2011
2004
-------
National Summary: NATTS data were collected at 27 locations across the United States,
with sites beginning in 2003 or later (Figure 1) for 19 core HAPs. Over 528,000 concentrations
(primary, secondary, and replicate) were generated and analyzed for this assessment. Pollutant
datasets were scored to assess whether they were suitable for trends analysis. Each
pollutant dataset was evaluated against four MQOs: Completeness; Sensitivity; Bias; and
Precision. Datasets that were suitable (A- or B-rated) for six consecutive years were used for
national trends analysis (Table 1).
National trends were determined by comparing the most recent 3-year blocked averages
(e.g., 2013-2015 vs. 2016-2018) to determine if the NATTS Trends DQO was being met:
To be able to detect a al5percent difference (trend) between the annual mean
concentrations of successive 3-year periods within acceptable levels of decision error.
Of the 19 core HAPs. 18 were assessed for the NATTS Trends DQO. Due to sampling and
analytical issues, acrolein was not considered for trends analysis (Table 2). This assessment
showed that across the network, 15 of those 18 pollutants were decreasing between the
3-year blocks, while two of those pollutants were increasing between the 3-year blocks.
One pollutant did not exhibit a trend.
Table 1. NATTS Network Assessment: Count and Percentage of Suitable
Datasets by Pollutant Group
Pollutant Group
A-rated
B-rated
Does Not Meet
#
%
#
%
#
%
VOCs
1,452
53%
737
27%
555
20%
Carbonyls
523
67%
193
25%
66
8%
PM10 Metals
1,418
61%
685
30%
213
9%
Chromium VI
159
74%
29
13%
27
13%
PAHs
410
74%
124
22%
18
3%
Total = 6,609
3,962
60%
1,768
27%
879
13%
Table 2. Three-Year Block Averages for National Trends
Pollutant
Units
# Sites
Block 1
Block 2
% Difference
Acetaldehyde
Hg/m3
19
1.51
1.39
-7.7%
Arsenic (PM10)
ng/m
21
0.71
0.68
-3.2%
Benzene
Hg/m3
19
0.65
0.59
-10.2%
Figure 1. NATTS Site and Year Established
Benzo(a)pyrene
ng/m3
21
0.113
0.087
-23.2%
Seattle, ,
Beryllium (PM10)
ng/m3
20
0.012
0.009
-26.4%
Butadiene, 1,3-
Hg/m3
19
0.071
0.063
-10.9%
Portland (#1), OR* Portland (#2), OR _ ^ / \
> ' \ ; " I I >
Cadmium (PM10)
ng/m3
21
0.170
0.097
-43.0%
* ğ* l | - Underbill.Vt
/l_a Grande (#1), OR*-' '"JL. _ _ j ,,l M/ i ' \ f
} /. a VĞ?i-7Sğ" I s ') H or icon.' Wit' \ \ "-Roxbury. MA
j... Ĥ La Grande (#2), OR i f c-/ . * ] Rochester, NY \ I ...-S
) / ; I | May ville.Wr >f, \~ V
/ i ! I -->.#/ \ Detroit; Ml f
- ; I i J \ j X. Providence, Rl
f / Bountiful'UT | X \ ^f- .Bronx (#1), NY"
\ 1 . \ Chicago, IL Ĥ ; _ j \ S
_ X \ ' . 1, , Washington^D.C. "w
SanJoBB.CA j [ ^
, Grand Junction. CO V St Louis MO Grayson Lake. KY J ' Bronit (#2), NV"
\ \ _ ' 1 v. U-.--.'1" . ,-.v * Richmond. -VA
S \ _ : i . \ i i*/ '
. . . \ ' v - -1 _ Vs Hazard, KY*--^-""?" / j
Los Angeles, CA \J ; j_ | _ J _ r - "[Ĥ/
- Rubidoux, CA i / £' y-""" /
X: / >' ' 1 / T \Chesterf ield, SC
NATTS Sites phoenix.AZ / ; J / 1 j. /
; i Karnack, TX ) South DeKalb, GA y
~ Rural \ j | J , > /
O Urban X \ t ; \ ,r(
NATTS - Year Established Houston, ri ^\
| 2003 "^T.mp,.FL
Ĥ 2004 \ Pinellas County, FL, 'i
1 "> ./ 'i. 1
Ĥ 2007 1 >
"ft
Ĥ 2008
| | 2009
2010
2016
?ni7 * The Hazare|. Mayville, Wl, La Grande <#1), OR, Portland (#1), OR, sites were relocated in 2008, 2009, 2016, and 2017, respectively.
"The Bronx (#1), NY site temporarily moved to the Bronx (#2), NY site from mid-2010 to mid-2012.
Carbon Tetrachloride
Hg/m3
15
0.59
0.56
-4.7%
Chloroform
Hg/m3
20
0.256
0.255
-0.4%
Chromium VI
ng/m
18
0.029
0.026
-7.7%
Formaldehyde
Hg/m3
19
2.77
2.68
-3.3%
Lead (PM10)
ng/m
21
3.08
2.81
-8.9%
Manganese (PM10)
ng/m3
20
8.06
7.93
-1.6%
Naphthalene
ng/m3
20
66.70
51.08
-23.4%
Nickel (PM10)
ng/m3
19
1.28
1.05
-18.0%
T etracliloroethylene
ng/m3
19
0.149
0.174
17.2%
T ricliloroethylene
ng/m3
19
0.020
0.022
10.7%
Vinyl Cliloride
ng/m3
17
0.0051
0.0048
-5.5%
Page 1 of 25
-------
Site Information
NATTS Monitoring Site Report: Richmond, VA
Figure 2. NATTS Site Location
NATTS Site Type Urban
AQS Site Code
51-087-0014
NATTS Operating Agency
VA Dept. Environmental Quality
Longitude
-77.400411
AQS Land Use
Residential
AQS Location Setting
Suburban
10-Mile Population
318.611
Region
County
Henrico
Latitude
37.55655
Pollutant Datasets Evaluation: Suitable for Trends (Y=yes; Y(T
Final Pollutant Name
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Acetaldehvde
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Arsenic (PM10)
--
Y
Y
Y
Y
YfD
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Benzene
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Benzo(a)pvrene
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Beryllium (PM10)
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Butadiene, 1.3-
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Cadmium (PM10)
--
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Y(D
Y(T)
Carbon tetrachloride
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Y(D
Y(T)
Chloroform
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
Chromium VI
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
--
~
Formaldehyde
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Lead (P\l]0)
--
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Manganese (PM10)
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
Y(T)
Naphthalene
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
Nickel (PM10)
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
T etrachloroethylene
~
Y
Y
Y
Na
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
Y(T)
YCD
Y(T)
T ri chloroethylene
--
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
YCD
Vinyl chloride
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(T)
YCD
Y(D
YCD
Y(T)
Y(T)
a: Reported MDL to NATTS Target Ratio greater than 2.0
=yes, and used for DQO Trends; N=No; "=not rated
Page 2 of 25
-------
Table 3. NATTS Network Assessment Data (2003-2018) - National Distribution Statistics By Type3
Analyte
Units
Site Type
# Data
Records
%
Detections
Arithmetic
Meanb
Percentile Value0
5th
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
Acetaldehyde
ng/m3
Urban
15,704
100%
1.77 ħ 0.02
0.50
0.66
0.97
1.45
2.19
3.24
4.04
ng/m3
Rural
4,930
100%
1.20 ħ 0.04
0.36
0.46
0.65
0.93
1.38
2.02
2.76
ng/m3
All Sites
20,634
100%
1.63 ħ 0.02
0.44
0.58
0.86
1.31
2.00
3.02
3.86
Arsenic (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
14,968
97%
0.89 ħ 0.04
0.10
0.19
0.34
0.58
0.99
1.70
2.41
ng/m3
Rural
4,622
96%
0.49 ħ 0.02
0.04
0.08
0.17
0.35
0.59
0.94
1.28
ng/m3
All Sites
19,590
97%
0.79 ħ 0.03
0.06
0.14
0.29
0.52
0.89
1.54
2.19
Benzene
Hg/m3
Urban
15,984
99%
0.86 ħ 0.01
0.25
0.30
0.43
0.66
1.05
1.64
2.21
Hg/m3
Rural
2,494
95%
0.43 ħ 0.02
0.04
0.13
0.21
0.33
0.52
0.78
1.01
Hg/m3
All Sites
18,478
99%
0.81 ħ 0.01
0.19
0.26
0.39
0.61
0.98
1.55
2.09
Benzo(a)pyrene
ng/m3
Urban
12,336
70%
0.096 ħ 0.004
ND
ND
ND
0.04
0.11
0.24
0.37
ng/m3
Rural
3,179
36%
0.067 ħ 0.009
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
0.13
0.37
ng/m3
All Sites
15,515
63%
0.090 ħ 0.004
ND
ND
ND
0.03
0.10
0.23
0.37
Beryllium (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
15,783
75%
0.051 ħ 0.006
ND
ND
0.00003
0.005
0.018
0.050
0.101
ng/m3
Rural
4,687
49%
0.023 ħ 0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.005
0.017
0.072
ng/m3
All Sites
20,470
69%
0.045 ħ 0.005
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.012
0.049
0.100
Butadiene, 1,3-
Hg/m3
Urban
15,388
81%
0.092 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
0.025
0.058
0.114
0.215
0.302
ng/m3
Rural
2,185
29%
0.012 ħ 0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.017
0.046
0.059
ng/m3
All Sites
17,573
75%
0.082 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
ND
0.049
0.104
0.199
0.287
Cadmium (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
16,360
92%
0.21 ħ 0.02
ND
0.01
0.05
0.09
0.17
0.42
0.63
ng/m3
Rural
4,684
87%
0.10 ħ 0.01
ND
ND
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.20
0.29
ng/m3
All Sites
21,044
91%
0.18 ħ 0.01
ND
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.16
0.35
0.56
Carbon Tetrachloride
ng/m3
Urban
14,713
99%
0.569 ħ 0.003
0.361
0.433
0.496
0.562
0.651
0.737
0.798
ng/m3
Rural
2,189
92%
0.534 ħ 0.016
ND
0.180
0.402
0.537
0.633
0.727
0.798
ng/m3
All Sites
16,902
98%
0.565 ħ 0.003
0.304
0.408
0.490
0.559
0.649
0.736
0.798
Chloroform
ng/m3
Urban
16,068
87%
0.265 ħ 0.022
ND
ND
0.093
0.132
0.217
0.420
0.668
ng/m3
Rural
3,802
43%
0.052 ħ 0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.095
0.144
0.230
ng/m3
All Sites
19,870
79%
0.224 ħ 0.018
ND
ND
0.064
0.113
0.196
0.364
0.586
Chromium VI
ng/m3
Urban
8,414
74%
0.036 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
ND
0.020
0.042
0.081
0.120
ng/m3
Rural
2,586
41%
0.018 ħ 0.004
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.017
0.031
0.051
ng/m3
All Sites
11,000
66%
0.032 ħ 0.001
ND
ND
ND
0.016
0.036
0.073
0.114
Page 3 of 25
-------
Table 3. NATTS Network Assessment Data (2003-2018) - National Distribution Statistics By Type3
Analyte
Units
Site Type
# Data
Records
%
Detections
Arithmetic
Meanb
Percentile Value0
5th
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
Formaldehyde
ng/m3
Urban
16,118
100%
3.11 ħ 0.04
0.66
0.99
1.60
2.47
3.84
5.63
7.25
ng/m3
Rural
5,002
100%
2.22 ħ 0.05
0.53
0.68
1.06
1.69
2.74
4.19
5.45
ng/m3
All Sites
21,120
100%
2.90 ħ 0.04
0.61
0.86
1.43
2.29
3.59
5.38
6.96
Lead (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
16,366
100%
4.21 ħ 0.13
0.72
0.98
1.55
2.64
4.56
8.35
11.90
ng/m3
Rural
4,680
99%
2.10 ħ 0.16
0.37
0.50
0.84
1.41
2.37
3.91
5.36
ng/m3
All Sites
21,046
99%
3.74 ħ 0.11
0.55
0.80
1.31
2.31
4.04
7.41
10.56
Manganese (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
16,141
100%
9.80 ħ 0.32
1.09
1.51
2.52
4.92
10.21
20.10
30.08
ng/m3
Rural
4,627
99%
3.96 ħ 0.14
0.46
0.73
1.36
2.57
4.75
8.54
12.13
ng/m3
All Sites
20,768
100%
8.50 ħ 0.25
0.85
1.23
2.15
4.18
8.89
17.98
26.70
Naphthalene
ng/m3
Urban
12,332
100%
74.63 ħ 1.14
15.62
21.27
33.55
55.89
94.64
150.05
196.16
ng/m3
Rural
3,301
100%
24.47 ħ 1.38
3.74
4.73
7.74
13.86
26.25
50.88
79.17
ng/m3
All Sites
15,633
100%
64.04 ħ 1.00
6.58
10.92
23.37
45.59
83.31
137.54
181.75
Nickel (PM10)
ng/m3
Urban
16,125
97%
1.85 ħ 0.05
0.25
0.41
0.67
1.11
2.00
3.52
5.27
ng/m3
Rural
4,623
85%
0.65 ħ 0.08
ND
ND
0.10
0.28
0.64
1.15
1.89
ng/m3
All Sites
20,748
94%
1.58 ħ 0.04
ND
0.15
0.47
0.92
1.73
3.14
4.74
T etrachloroethylene
Hg/m3
Urban
15,612
86%
0.25 ħ 0.01
ND
ND
0.06
0.13
0.25
0.48
0.74
Hg/m3
Rural
2,272
36%
0.09 ħ 0.04
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.04
0.08
0.16
Hg/m3
All Sites
17,884
79%
0.23 ħ 0.01
ND
ND
0.04
0.11
0.22
0.44
0.70
T richloroethylene
Hg/m3
Urban
15,843
41%
0.040 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.051
0.107
0.164
ng/m3
Rural
3,388
13%
0.021 ħ 0.003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.017
0.250
ng/m3
All Sites
19,231
36%
0.037 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.041
0.105
0.167
Vinyl Chloride
ng/m3
Urban
14,778
19%
0.0044 ħ 0.0003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.0137
0.0257
ng/m3
Rural
2,444
8%
0.0040 ħ 0.0009
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.0156
ng/m3
All Sites
17,222
17%
0.0043 ħ 0.0003
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.0126
0.0254
3 Statistics presented are from pollutant datasets which were suitable for trends.
b The arithmetic mean is the average of all samples results which include actual measured values. If no chemical was registered, then a value of zero is
used when calculating the mean.
c ND: No results of this chemical were registered by the laboratory analytical equipment.
Page 4 of 25
-------
Table 4. Summary Statistics for Richmond, VA
Analyte
Units
# Data
Records
%
Detection
Arithmetic Mean3
Percentile Va
b
ue
5th
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
95th
Acetaldehyde
(ig/m3
633
100%
1.48 ħ 0.04
0.79
0.91
1.11
1.38
1.72
2.17
2.51
Arsenic (PM10)
ng/m3
623
100%
0.76 ħ 0.04
0.24
0.30
0.44
0.64
0.96
1.35
1.71
Benzene
(ig/m3
619
97%
0.56 ħ 0.03
0.16
0.23
0.32
0.47
0.71
0.97
1.27
Benzo(a)pyrene
ng/m3
600
66%
0.07 ħ 0.01
ND
ND
ND
0.03
0.09
0.18
0.24
Beryllium (PM10)
ng/m3
620
20%
0.0016 ħ 0.0004
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.003
0.010
Butadiene, 1,3-
l-tg/m3
619
1%
0.003 ħ 0.002
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Cadmium (PM10)
ng/m3
623
99%
0.124 ħ 0.011
0.020
0.032
0.051
0.090
0.155
0.240
0.320
Carbon Tetrachloride
l-tg/m3
619
96%
0.535 ħ 0.015
0.322
0.435
0.476
0.525
0.599
0.672
0.733
Chloroform
l-tg/m3
619
47%
0.064 ħ 0.007
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.104
0.151
0.159
Chromium VI
ng/m3
464
48%
0.008 ħ 0.001
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.014
0.020
0.025
Formaldehyde
l-tg/m3
633
100%
3.01 ħ 0.14
1.19
1.42
1.84
2.45
3.77
5.32
6.51
Lead (PM10)
ng/m3
623
100%
2.35 ħ 0.25
0.77
0.93
1.40
1.93
2.62
3.65
4.39
Manganese (PM10)
ng/m3
623
100%
2.65 ħ 0.13
0.78
1.04
1.55
2.39
3.26
4.43
5.49
Naphthalene
ng/m3
600
100%
82.73 ħ 4.82
25.36
31.34
45.73
67.69
102.09
148.83
180.10
Nickel (PM10)
ng/m3
623
100%
0.72 ħ 0.03
0.36
0.40
0.50
0.62
0.84
1.14
1.34
T etrachloroethylene
l-tg/m3
619
41%
0.089 ħ 0.013
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.140
0.218
0.351
T richloroethylene
l-tg/m3
619
3%
0.015 ħ 0.017
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Vinyl Chloride
l-tg/m3
619
0%
0.0011 ħ 0.0016
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3 :The arithmetic mean is the average of all samples results which included actual measured values. If no chemical was registered, then a value of zero is used.
bND: No results of this chemical were registered by the laboratory analytical equipment.
Table 5. Analytical Labs Supporting this Site
Pollutant Group
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
VOCs
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
Carbonyls
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
PM10 Metals
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
VADCLS
Chromium VI
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
--
--
PAHs
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
ERG
: Not Applicable
VADCLS: Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services
ERG: Eastern Research Group, Inc.
Page 5 of 25
-------
Figure 3. Richmond, VA Annual Average Concentrations
2.0
J
a
o
"t§ 10
S 0.5
U
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages;
Acetaldehvde
i i i i x
i
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
1.25
_ 1.00
S
1
w-
s
.2
S 0.50
0.75
CS
8 1125
0.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Arsenic (PM10)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
1.0
t
0.8
0.6
a
o
0.4
6 °-2
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Benzene
T_
1
T
1
T
1
T-
1
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
0.20
0.16
1
S3
9
0.08
a
8 °-m
0.00
Riichmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Benzo(a)pyrene
J ^ £
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Page 6 of 25
-------
Figure 3. Richmond, VA Annual Average Concentrations
0.006
0.005
£*"
a
004
1
§ 0.003
g 0.002
1
O 0.001
0.000
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Beryllium (PM10)
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
0.040
S
Sti
=L
S3
1
0.032
0.024
0.016
Q 0.008
0.000
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
1ğ3-Butadiene
4 ~
i F"
I ~ i ~ 1 ~ T ~
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
0.30
0.24
l
a
o
0.18
S 0.12
O 0.06
O
0.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Cadmium (PM,0)
jj>
J
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
1.0
0.8
ĞC
s
0.6
a
G
0.4
8 o.:
u
0.0
i
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Carbon Tetrachloride
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Page 7 of 25
-------
Figure 3. Richmond, VA Annual Average Concentrations
0.20
0.16
i
3 0.12
a
.2
H 0.08
o
U
0.04
5.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages;
Chloroform
4
~ 1
r ^
<
~
4
~
-~i
L JL.
*
0 , ~ , : , r , , ,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018 2017 2018
Year
5.0
4.0
rT*
f
3 3.0
R
Q
g
s
° 1.0
o
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Formaldehyde
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
§
I1
W'
e
q
0.020
0.016
0.012
0.008
o
O 0.004
0.000
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Hexavalent Chromium
4
~
<
~
4
~
4
~
i
I
F
2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
2013
2014 2015
5.6
I
a 4:
o
IS
S 2.8
Q
1.4
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Lead (PM10)
4
>
$ J
i i * i i j
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
Page 8 of 25
-------
Figure 3. Richmond, VA Annual Average Concentrations
5.0
4.0
a
a 3.0
"a
o
"5 2.0
h
o
U
1.0
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Manganese (PMU1)
I
<(~
$
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
150.0
120.0
I
s 900
a
o
60.0
§ 30.0
O
0.0
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages;
Naphthalene
4
~
i
*
4
*
1
I 1 I T
I i
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 201? 2018
Year
1.20
0.96
1
0.72
C
O
0.48
O
° 0.24
0.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Nickel (PM10)
i I
I |
i
< >
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
0.20
0.16
M
3s 0.12
O
0.08
-------
Figure 3. Richmond, VA Annual Average Concentrations
1
Bi
S3
0
1
1
o
u
0.30
0.24
3 0.18
0.12
0.06
0.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages;
Trichloroethylene
i
~
i
~ r -
~
i ~ r #- ?
T r 1 i T -M ,
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
i
§
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
s
5 0.01
0.00
Richmond, VA
Annual Averages:
Vinyl Chloride
4
~
" ~
r t ~ # r # r ~ r # t + s
2009
2010
2011 2012
2013
2014 2015
Year
2016 2017 2018
Does not meet MQO
Page 10 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Acetaldehyde
3.0
£> 24
I
§ 1.8
1
y n
o
U
0.6
0.0
%
% ""//
&M
"?% %/<5 %/a
Years
*°/K
>/s -%Ĥ *"/? ^
1.5
1.2
£T~
5 0J
a
o
o
U
0.6
0.3
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages;
Arsenic (PM10)
i i i i i
i i i
0.0
"%}
Ĥ%&, Ğ?%, *0}, Ĥ?
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
10
^ 0-i
a
H
g 0.6
C
S3 0.4
o
O
0.2
0.0
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Benzene
J t
i i i I i
i
^ *'a, "V, ^
-% "°*/ <0f3
Years
0.15
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages;
Benzo(a)pyrene
I
0.12
3 0.09
o
I o~0S
o
O
~ <
~
<
<
4
~ <
~
T
i J i
0.03
0.00
^On
^ ^ ^ *>'c
/>
~*>to '*>o ^
%
Years
Page 12 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
0.005
Richmond, VA.
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Beryllium (PM10)
=
i
a
o
0.004
0,003
y 0.002
S3
Q
U
0.001
*
0.000
~V.
'x%0
'4, "% ^
J0d
/s **/e
%
Years
Page 13 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages;
Cadmium (PM10)
0.25
_ 0-20
a
i
g 0.15
1
0.10
0.05
0.00
1.0
J
1-F
% ^ ^
"°/o "*°0 *°/j K% 0
^
Ğo,j -\T
Years
^°'7 "*%
Page 14 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
0.15
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Chloroform
0.12
1
3
S3 0.09
o
S 0.06
o
Q
*
T
0.03
0.00
i
i
^ ,
=% "fy/ "0.
^ ^
<0/s
Years
5.0
Richmond, YA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Formaldehyde
4.0
3
1
w
C3
2
"B
i
u
S
O
O
2.0
4-
1F
y
if
1.0
0.0
^Oo *%, Ĥ%/- *Q/X
%/(5 "
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
0.020
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Hexavalent Chromium
S
1
0.016
p 0.012
o
IS
h
o
U
0.008
0.004
i
0.000
3on
%
'//
%
fj
Years
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages;
Lead (P\l10)
%
5.0
40
g 3.0
1§
e 2.0
o
O
i_i
~ i i
1.0
0.0
*?%
-V -'V,.. "V.. -V
-'% ^
Years
%
Page 16 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages;
Manganese (PM10)
5.0
40
I
| 3.0
1
o
O
1.0
0.0
i i
} i i i
X X X X X X X X X
Years
150.0
120.0
sr-
S
o" 90.0
o
60.0
C
u
1
Richmond, VA
3-Year Roiling Averages:
Naphthalene
i
*r
i
i i
30.0
0.0
-V..
%
\
J'3
"is
"/>
Years
Page 17 of 25
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
1.5
12
H 0.9
E
O
u
c
o
u
0.6
0.3
-f
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Nickel (PM10)
o.o
-mj -&// Jo/j *o, lo,
ioio ^t *>i? %/Ğf
Years
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Tetrachloroethvlene
0.15
0.12
fT-
1,
d
o
U
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.00
*0a
-------
Figure 4. Richmond, VA - 3-Year Rolling Average Concentrations
a 10
Richmond, VA
3-Year Rolling Averages:
Trichloroethylene
1
c
O
0,08
S
a 0.06
o
0,04
0.02
0.00
2o,
t
i i
/#
Years
Does not meet MQO or wasn't able to collect enough samples
Page 19 of 25
-------
Table 6. NATTS Network Assessment: MQO#l - Completeness Percentage at Richmond, VA
Pollutant Group
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Carbonyl
Acetaldehyde
100
100
98
100
100
98
100
98
98
98
Carbonyl
Formaldehyde
--
100
100
98
100
100
98
100
98
98
98
Chromium VI
Chromium VI
~
100
100
100
100
98
100
95
--
--
--
PAH
Benzo(a)pyrene
~
100
98
100
92
95
93
93
98
95
98
PAH
Naphthalene
~
100
98
100
92
95
93
93
98
95
98
PM10 Metals
Arsenic (PM10)
~
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
98
98
PM10 Metals
Beryllium (PM10)
--
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
93
98
PM10 Metals
Cadmium (PM10)
~
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
98
98
PM10 Metals
Lead (PM10)
~
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
98
98
PM10 Metals
Manganese (PM10)
~
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
98
98
PM10 Metals
Nickel (PM10)
~
98
100
97
98
98
97
98
97
98
98
voc
Benzene
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
Butadiene, 1,3-
--
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
Carbon tetrachloride
~
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
Chloroform
~
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
T etrachloroethylene
~
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
T richloroethylene
--
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
voc
Vinyl chloride
~
98
100
100
95
97
98
100
95
95
89
A-rated: >85%
B-rated: Between 75% to 85%
Does not meet: <75%
No data available
Page 20 of 25
-------
Table 7. NATTS Network Assessment: MQO#2 - Reported Method Detection Limits (MDLs) at Richmond, VA
Pollutant
Group
Pollutant Name
Target
MDL
Units
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Carbonyl
Acetaldehyde
0.45
pg/m3
0.23
0.08
0.14
0.14
0.17
0.080
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.19
Carbonyl
Formaldehyde
0.98/0.08a
pg/m3
0.064
0.055
0.079
0.079
0.041
0.28
0.28
0.60
0.28
0.28
0.70
Chromium VI
Chromium VI
0.08
ng/m"
0.08
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
--
--
PAH
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.91
ng/m"
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.05
0.22
0.10
0.04
0.02
PAH
Naphthalene
29.00
ng/m"
0.022
0.010
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.11
0.09
PM10 Metals
Arsenic (PM10)
0.23
ng/m"
0.40
0.10
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.31
0.19
PM10 Metals
Beryllium (PM10)
0.42
ng/m"
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.021
0.021
0.021
PM10 Metals
Cadmium (PM10)
0.56
ng/m"
0.16
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.05
PM10 Metals
Lead (PM10)
15.0
ng/m"
0.006
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.005
PM10 Metals
Manganese (PM10)
5.0
ng/m"
0.018
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.018
0.035
PM10 Metals
Nickel (PM10)
2.1
ng/m"
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.04
0.13
0.17
voc
Benzene
0.13
pg/m"
0.76
1.33
0.69
0.61
1.03
0.39
0.39
0.76
0.61
0.61
0.42
voc
Butadiene, 1,3-
0.10
pg/m"
1.06
0.69
1.95
1.08
1.48
1.13
0.77
0.77
0.40
0.40
0.40
voc
Carbon tetrachloride
0.17
pg/m"
0.81
1.15
1.63
1.11
1.11
1.15
1.15
1.59
1.04
1.04
1.04
voc
Chloroform
0.50
pg/m"
0.23
0.35
0.49
0.37
0.29
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.21
0.21
0.21
voc
T etrachloroethylene
0.17
pg/m"
1.92
1.36
1.24
1.12
2.51
1.20
1.60
1.60
0.88
0.88
0.88
voc
T richloroethylene
0.5/0.2a
pg/m"
0.41
0.28
0.66
0.18
0.72
1.42
0.94
0.94
0.94
1.02
0.97
voc
Vinyl chloride
0.11
pg/m"
0.95
0.79
1.25
1.23
1.56
1.09
0.81
0.81
0.28
0.28
0.28
A-rated: MDL to Target MDL ratio < 1
B-rated" MDL to Target MDL ratio between 1 and 2
Does Not Meet MDL to Target MDL ratio>2
No data available
a: For the 2012 sampling year, the Target MDL for this pollutant was reduced.
Page 21 of 25
-------
Table 8. NATTS Network Assessment: MQO#3 - Bias Percent Difference at Richmond, VA
Pollutant Group
Pollutant Name
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Carbonyls
Acetaldehyde
a
-11.0
1.6
-3.7
a
-5.5
-3.9
a
-4.3
2.7
-10.6
Carbonyls
Formaldehyde
a
-6.5
2.4
-0.8
a
3.2
0.1
a
-17.5
1.8
-9.3
Chromium VI
Chromium VI
a
5.6b
10.5b
a
19.5
-6.5
6.1
--
--
--
--
PAH
Benzo(a)pyrene
a
-1.7
-2.3
-2.1
25.2
-5.7
-16.3
-14.2
-10.5
-22.4
-14.8
PAH
Naphthalene
a
-7.7
-17.1
-13.9
21.4
25.5
0.7
-11.4
-9.5
-11.6
-20.7
PM10 Metals
Arsenic (PM10)
15.6
22.3
-8.0
-6.8
12.9
-3.1
0
a
-1.2
-2.0
-5.3
PM10 Metals
Beryllium (PM10)
-1.7
29.1
-9.4
-8.2
14.3
2.1
c
a
-3.0
-3.7
-3.5
PM10 Metals
Cadmium (PM10)
6.7
17.1
-15.1
-11.5
8.3
-4.8
c
a
-0.4
-4.7
-1.3
PM10 Metals
Lead (PM10)
5.1
77.5
-21.6
-7.5
10.2
-3.4
11.9
a
-1.5
-5.8
-0.7
PM10 Metals
Manganese (PM10)
-20.1
-7.8
-17.8
-6.5
8.9
-9.5
7.4
a
-0.3
-3.1
0.6
PM10 Metals
Nickel (PM10)
5.0
11.1
-6.1
-8.9
-0.3
4.7
d
a
29.4
15.8
12.6
voc
Benzene
a
-21.2
-13.2
23.8
a
-3.4
11.1
-3.5
-11.6
0.9
-4.3
voc
Butadiene, 1,3-
a
-16.6
6.1
17.9
a
18.9
3.8
-8.5
4.4
1.1
11.5
voc
Carbon tetrachloride
a
-17.6
9.2
3.1
a
4.5
4.4
OO
00
16.3
11.2
-7.6
voc
Chloroform
a
-29.0
-9.3
-5.5
a
-0.6
-2.2
-0.7
-7.0
3.6
3.6
voc
T etrachloroethylene
a
-6.5
-6.5
14.7
a
30.1
15.7
-10.7
1.4
-5.7
-0.7
voc
T richloroethylene
a
-9.4
-1.8
6.7
a
26.1
13.4
-9.2
6.3
-7.6
-1.5
voc
Vinyl chloride
a
-20.6
-5.9
18.0
a
OO
00
18.0
-16.4
-1.4
3.6
4.0
A-rated:ħ25%
B-rated: Between 25% to 35% or between -25% to -35%
Does not meet:>35% or <35%
No data available
-
a: No Proficiency Test samples were sent for this pollutant and year.
b: Proficiency Test results are from the National Contract Lab for EPA's School Air Toxics Monitoring Program. The %Difference was -5.55% in 2009 and 10.53% in 2010.
c: The Proficiency Test sample for this pollutant was 0; the site reported a concentration as "< MDL", rather than 0. EPA accepted this result.
d: Although a Proficiency Test sample was sent to the lab supporting this site and year, the results were nullified by EPA due to QA issues.
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Table 9. NATTS Network Assessment: MQO#4 - Overall Method Precision %CV at Richmond, VA
Pollutant Group
Pollutant Name
Overall Met
lod precision % CV
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Carbonyls
Acetaldehyde
32.8
2.9
--
2.6
2.4
3.0
1.9
6.7
2.4
1.7
2.2
Carbonyls
Formaldehyde
56.5
1.9
--
2.5
3.9
2.9
2.4
7.9
3.4
2.7
2.8
Chromium VI
Chromium VI
a
6.7
7.8
11.5
13.9
35.5
6.1
6.5
19.7
--
PAH
Benzo(a)pyrene
--
--
--
--
--
PAH
Naphthalene
--
--
--
--
--
PM10 Metals
Arsenic (PM10)
--
--
--
--
--
PM10 Metals
Beryllium (PM10)
~
--
--
--
~
PM10 Metals
Cadmium (PM10)
--
--
--
--
--
~
PM10 Metals
Lead (PM10)
--
--
--
--
--
PM10 Metals
Manganese (PM10)
--
--
--
--
~
PM10 Metals
Nickel (PM10)
--
--
~
--
--
~
voc
Benzene
7.2
9.3
17.4
8.1
7.1
13.6
7.0
5.1
32.8
--
~
voc
Butadiene, 1,3-
a
a
a
a
10.9
a
12.9
a
a
~
voc
Carbon tetrachloride
9.2
10.1
15.8
5.8
5.6
6.5
15.0
6.5
6.6
--
voc
Chloroform
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
11.7
~
voc
T etrachloroethylene
9.9
9.4
a
10.9
0.0
a
0
37.2
8.7
--
~
voc
T richloroethylene
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
~
voc
Vinyl chloride
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
--
~
A-rated:< 15% CV
B-rated: Between 15%CV to25% CV
Does Not Meet: >25% CV or did not report Precision (required in the NATTS Workplan Template since 2012)
No data available
a: Although both primary and secondary data were reported, both sets of values were less than the MDL. Thus no %CV was calculated.
Page 23 of 25
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Table 10. NATTS Network Assessment: MQO#4 - Analytical Precision %CV at Richmond, VA
Pollutant Group
Pollutant Name
Analytical Method precision % CV
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Carbonyls
Acetaldehyde
--
2.1
2.4
1.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
1.0
Carbonyls
Formaldehyde
~
2.1
0.8
1.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.5
Chromium VI
Chromium VI
2.9
5.1
7.2
7.8
9.3
18.2
4.6
13.3
--
PAH
Benzo(a)pyrene
~
10.1
a
2.4
a
a
0.5
1.2
PAH
Naphthalene
--
0.5
1.3
14.7
0.7
3.3
3.2
1.1
PM10 Metals
Arsenic (PM10)
--
--
~
--
b
2.6
7.0
3.0
5.8
4.9
2.4
PM10 Metals
Beryllium (PM10)
--
~
~
--
b
a
a
a
a
a
a
PM10 Metals
Cadmium (PM10)
--
~
~
~
b
36.9
40.9
10.3
38.0
17.3
22.3
PM10 Metals
Lead (PM10)
--
--
~
~
b
9.0
10.9
7.7
10.7
3.3
5.5
PM10 Metals
Manganese (PM10)
~
~
--
~
b
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.4
2.1
1.9
PM10 Metals
Nickel (PM10)
~
~
~
--
b
12.6
18.0
3.4
9.8
12.1
6.7
voc
Benzene
~
b
7.6
4.6
3.7
4.7
8.0
3.0
voc
Butadiene, 1,3-
~
b
b
a
a
a
b
b
voc
Carbon tetrachloride
~
b
6.7
31.4
7.1
7.6
4.2
6.4
voc
Chloroform
--
--
--
~
b
a
a
0
10.1
0
0
voc
T etrachloroethylene
~
b
a
a
1.2
0
a
0
voc
T richloroethylene
~
b
b
0
6.4
0
b
a
voc
Vinyl chloride
--
~
~
--
b
b
a
a
a
b
b
A-rated:< 15% CV
B-rated: Between 15%CV to25% CV
Does Not Meet: >25% CV or did not report Precision (required in the NATTS Workplan Template since 2012)
No data available
a: The primary and/or replicate value were less than the MDL, so no calculation could be made.
b: Per the NATTS Workplan template, analytical replicates were required to be reported to AQS for this sampling year
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Appendix A. Equipment Inventory
Pollutant Type Year(s) Manufacturer/Model, Extraction Type, and Year
Sampling Equipment
Carbonyls
2008-2014
ATEC 8000 Cartridge Sampler (Year Deployed: 1999)
2015-2018
ATEC 8000 Cartridge Sampler (Year Deployed: 2014
Chormium VI
2008-2008
PM10 Sequential Air Sampler (Year Deployed: 2008)
2009-2016
ERG Chromium VI sampler (Year Deployed: 2008)
PAHs
2008-2018
Tisch Environmental PUF+ Sampler (Year Deployed: 2008)
PM10 Metals
2008
Wedding RFPS-1087-066 Hi-Vol Sampler (Year Deployed: <1988)
2009-2018
Wedding RFPS-1087-066 Hi-Vol Sampler (Year Deployed: 2009)
VOCs
2008-2014
Xontech 910PC Canister Sampler (Year Deployed: <1988)
2015-2017
Xontech 910PC Canister Sampler (Year Deployed: 2015)
2018
Xontech 901 (Year Deployed: 2018)
Analytical Equipment
Carbonyls
2008-2011
Dionex ASI-100 HPLC, UVD-170U multiple wavelength detector (Year Deployed: <2000)
2012-2014
Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC with DAD (Year Deployed: 2012)
2015-2018
Agilent 1260 Infinity/variable wavelength absorbance detector (Year Deployed: 2012)
Chormium VI
2008-2016
Dionex 300 ion chromatography system (Year Deployed: 2001)
PAHs
2008-2013
HP/Agilent 5890/5971 GC/MS (Year Deployed: 2008)
2014-2018
HP/Agilent 7890B/5975C GC/MS (Year Deployed: 2014)
PM10 Metals
2008-2018
HP/Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS (Year Deployed: 2006)
VOCs
2008-2014
HP/Agilent 6890N/5973 GC/MS (Year Deployed: <2002)
2015-2018
HP/Agilent 6890N/5973 GC/MS (Year Deployed: 2004)
Preconcentrator Equipment
VOCs
2008-2011
Entech 7100A (Year Deployed: <2002)
2012-2018
Entech 7200 (Year Deployed: 2012)
Standards Preparation Equipment
VOCs 2008-2018 Entech 4600A (dynamic dilution) (Year Deployed: 2004)
Canister Cleaning Equipment
VOCs
2008-2011
Entech 3100A (Hot) (Year Deployed: 2006)
2012-2017
Entech 3100 (Hot) (Year Deployed: 2012)
2018
Entech 3100-D (Hot) (Year Deployed: 2018)
PM10 Extraction Equipment
PM10 Metals
2008
Thermolyne 2200 (hotblock) (Year Deployed: unknown)
2009-2009
Environmental Express SCI82 (Hotblock) (Year Deployed: 2009)
2010-2018
Environmental Express SC182 (Hotblock) (Year Deployed: 2010)
Chromium VI Extraction Equipment
Chormium VI
2008-2010
Branson 8510 (Sonicator) (Year Deployed: 2001)
2011-2016
Branson Shaker (Year Deployed: 2011)
PAHs Extraction Equipment
PAHs 2008-2018 Dionex -300 (ASE) (Year Deployed: 2004)
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