Revitalizing Southeastern Communities

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Kentucky

Technical aspects of Kentucky's brownfields program are housed in the Superfund Branch of the
Division of Waste Management, while promotional and administrative elements reside in the Division
of Compliance Assistance.

Kentucky's Targeted Brownfield Assessment Program (TBA) provides free assessments to local
governments and non-profits. These assessments may comprise one or more of the following: (a) a
Phase I assessment, (b) a Phase II assessment, and (c) projected options and cost estimates. The
Kentucky Brownfields Program is currently seeking participants.

The Kentucky Voluntary Cleanup Program provides four tracks for program participants:

1.	The "Self-Certified' cleanup track, which provides no liability protection, is available for minor
releases or releases authorized by permit.

2.	The "Notice of Completion" track is available to any party, and results in a Notice of
Completion letter.

3.	The "No Further Remediation Cleanup" track is available only to public entities, and results in a
No Further Remediation Letter.

4.	A Voluntary Environmental Remediation Program (VERP) cleanup is available to most parties,
with some statutory restrictions. This track is the most complex and culminates in a Covenant
Not to Sue.

The Kentucky General Assembly recently approved tax incentives for qualified brownfield revitalization
projects, amended the state Superfund law to clarify and expand liability protections, and enacted the
Uniform Environmental Covenant Act (UECA). The tax incentives include an income tax credit for
remediation expenses and a reduced ad valorem tax rate on brownfield remediation property for a
three-year period.

Website:

www.waste.ky.gov/programs/sf/brownfields.htm
Contact:

Herb Petitjean

KY DEP - Division of Compliance Assistance

14 Reilly Rd.

Frankfort, KY4060I

502-564-0323 or 1-800-926-81 I I

herb.petitjean@ky.gov


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Kentucky Targeted Brownfield Assessment Program (TBA)

The Commonwealth of Kentucky and the federal Environmental Protection Agency are
working together to help return brownfield properties to productive use. The Targeted
Brownfields Site Assessment (TBA) Program provides the initial step in characterizing
the environmental contamination of a property by helping to determine how much and
what type of contamination is present.

A TBA may encompass one or more of the following activities:

1.	A screening or "all appropriate inquiry" (Phase I) assessment, including a background
and historical investigation and a preliminary site inspection;

2.	A full (Phase II) environmental assessment, including sampling activities to identify
the types and concentrations of contaminants and the areas of contamination to be
cleaned; and

3.	Establishment of cleanup options and cost estimates based on future uses and
redevelopment plans.

The Kentucky Brownfields Program is currently looking for projects for the program.
There is no cost for the assessments. A candidate site should have redevelopment
potential, be publicly owned or abandoned, and suffer from the stigma of potential
environmental liability. The intended redevelopment can involve the creation of
commercial, industrial, residential, recreational or conservation uses. Kentucky is limited
in the number of TBAs it can take on each year, so sites are considered on a first come,
first served basis.

To receive an application form, or more information, please contact Herb Petetijean, the
brownfields coordinator for Kentucky.

Contact Information

Herb Petitjean

Brownfields Coordinator

Kentucky Division of Waste Management

14 Reilly Rd.

Frankfort, KY 40601

(502) 564-6716, ext268

herb.petitjean@ky.gov


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The Kentucky Voluntary Cleanup Program

Kentucky's cleanup regulations and statutes offer four tracks for volunteers.
These vary in eligibility, complexity and liability protection provided.

Cleanup track

Relevant
Statute

Eligibility

(Please refer to relevant

statute for exact
eligibility requirements.)

Complexity

Liability
Protection
Offered

"Self-Certified"

KRS 224.01-400

Minor Releases Or
Releases Authorized
By Permit

Least

No Liability

Protection

Provided

Cleanup

(19)

Complexity

"Notice of
Completion" (or
01-400) Cleanup

KRS 224.01 -
400 and KRS
224.01-405

Any Party

Intermediate
Complexity

Notice of

Completion

Letter

"No Further

Remediation"

Cleanup

KRS 224.01-450
to 224.01-465

Public Entities

Intermediate
Complexity

No Further

Remediation

Letter

Voluntary
Environmental
Remediation
Program (VERP)
Cleanup

KRS 224.01-510
to KRS 224.01-
532

Any Party, unless
property is in one of
these categories:

*	Licensed Radioactive
Materials Facility

*	NPL Site

*	RCRA Site

*	Subject of Enforcement
Action or

*	Environmental
Emergency.

Greatest
Complexity

Covenant Not To
Sue

Kentucky Division of Waste Management

Superfund Branch at http://www.waste.kv.qov/proqrams/sf/default.htm

Jan. 5, 2005


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Kentucky

Contact: Herb Petitjean

Address: Kentucky Division of Waste Management
14 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601

Phone: 502 564 6716

Fax: 502 564 5096

Email: Herb.Petitjean@ky.gov

Web site: http://www.waste.ky.gov

Program Description
(VCP, brown fields, or related)

Brownfields definition: Kentucky does not have a
definition provided by statute or regulations.

Program titles:

•	Voluntary Environmental Remediation Act (VERA)

•	Voluntary Environmental Remediation Program (VERP)

Liability relief provisions: Volunteers may apply to obtain
a Covenant Not to Sue (CNTS) under VERA. Volunteers
may also conduct cleanups under a less formal process
and obtain a Notice of Completion or a No Further
Remediation letter, the latter being limited to public entities.

Financial incentives (grants, loans, tax provisions, etc.):

The Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development offers a
variety of incentives for new or expanding businesses, but
none is specifically directed to brownfields.

The Kentucky Division of Waste Management uses a grant
from EPA to conduct a limited number of Targeted
Brownfields Assessments each year for local governments
and eligible nonprofits. The division also helps eligible
parties develop applications for federal grants.

VERA established an Agricultural Warehousing Sites
Cleanup Fund to address the growing number of closed
tobacco warehouses, but no money has been allocated to
the fund.

Legislative or program site eligibility requirements: Any

party is eligible to enter the VERP to receive a CNTS
unless:

•	The property is a licensed radioactive materials facility.

•	The property is part of or contains a site that is on the
National Priorities List (NPL).

•	The property is part of or contains a hazardous waste
treatment, storage, or disposal facility for which a permit
has been issued, or the site is otherwise the subject of
hazardous waste closure or corrective action.

•	The property or site is the subject of state or federal
environmental enforcement action related to a release
for which the application is submitted.

•	The property or site presents an environmental
emergency.

Properties containing underground storage tanks
(UST) are eligible for the program, but they must satisfy
the cleanup requirements of the UST Program and any
release from an UST is not covered by the CNTS.

There are no restrictions on parties wishing to receive a
Notice of Completion. A No Further Remediation letter
is only available to public entities.

Financial Elements

Assessment and cleanup funding (source, amount,
relationship toVCP/brownfields programs,
application process, eligibility requirements,
dedication to special types of sites such as
petroleum, dry cleaners, abandoned drug labs,
etc.): The Kentucky Cabinet for Economic
Development offers a variety of incentives for new or
expanding businesses, but none of these incentives is
specifically directed to brownfields.

The Kentucky Division of Waste Management uses a
grant from EPA to conduct a limited number of Targeted
Brownfields Assessments each year for local
governments and eligible nonprofits. The division helps
eligible parties develop applications for federal grants.

VERA established an Agricultural Warehousing Sites
Cleanup Fund to address the growing number of
closed tobacco warehouses, but no money has been
allocated to the fund.

Tax incentives (abatements, credits, etc.): No

information available

Other forms of support (environmental insurance,
brownfields redevelopment authorities, etc.): No

information available

Program Elements
Technical Elements

Methods/standards/controls: State Superfund statute
provides four cleanup options:

•	Proving that no action is required

•	Proving that site/release can be managed with
engineering/institutional controls

•	Removal

•	Any combination of the above

EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goals (October
2002) are associated guidance used for screening.

Target risk set at an excess cancer risk of 10 6 for
carcinogenic endpoints and a Hazard Index of 1 for
non-carcinogen endpoints.

May use Generic Statewide Ambient Background Table
or develop site-specific values.

An Update from the States


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Kentucky

Future land use may be considered as part of proposal, but
requires institutional controls to insure that use remains
compatible with remedy.

Contaminants covered/excluded: Petroleum and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are covered, but
petroleum releases are not eligible for CNTS if they fall
under the UST Program. Asbestos and lead paint are
covered if released in environment and not part of a
structure.

Use of long-term stewardship and institutional controls
(tracking, oversight, monitoring, reopeners):

The CNTS does not apply to:

•	Releases not expressly identified in the corrective action
plan.

•	Claims based on failure of the applicant or any
successive landowner to comply with the approved
corrective action plan, including any required land use
restrictions and engineering or institutional controls.

•	Liability resulting from the applicant's exacerbation of
releases identified in the corrective action plan.

•	Criminal liability.

•	Petroleum storage tanks.

•	Claims or liability based on or resulting from
misrepresentations or intentional omissions by the
applicant.

•	Liability for conditions at the site that were not known at
the time that prevent the remediation of being protective
of human health, safety, or the environment.

•	Claims based on changes in scientific knowledge.

•	Environmental emergencies.

•	Natural resource damages.

•	Any administrative or civil action not expressly excluded
by the covenant.

The party or applicant shall conduct annual (or other
approved frequency) inspections of the engineering and
institutional controls and shall make annual (or other
approved frequency) certification to the cabinet that the
controls remain protective of human health, safety, and the
environment.

Management & Implementation Elements

Voluntary Cleanup Program MOA with EPA: No

Costs to enter program or fees for service:

VERP application fees—Area of 3 acres or more ($1,000);
area greater than 3 acres and less than 10 acres ($2,500);
and area of 10 acres or more ($3,500).

Applicant reimburses cabinet for cost of review and
oversight cost that exceed the application fee. The cabinet
may waive in whole or in part its right to be reimbursed if
the property is less than three acres and the cabinet
determines the waiver is in the public interest.

Any public entity entering property that is publicly owned is
exempt from the application fees.

Funding source for administrative costs and
staff: Funding comes from application fees and
reimbursement for oversight costs. Grants and state
Hazardous Waste Management Funds used to cover
oversight costs for properties that have exemptions or
waivers.

Cleanup Activities

Sites currently in VCP: Only one property is in the new
VERP. Program is expected to grow since regulations have
been adopted. Workshops conducted in May and June
2004 are expected to increase interest in the program.

Most volunteers continue to conduct cleanups under a less
formal process to obtain a Notice of Completion. Over 100
sites per year are addressed through this process.

Sites completed under VCP: No sites have been
completed under the VERP. Kentucky's Superfund Program
has addressed approximately 2,500 sites under a less
formal process.

Benefits (incentives to participate in the VCP, covenants

not to sue, etc.): VERP establishes an efficient and
predictable process for voluntary cleanups. It includes time
limits for review of documents by the cabinet. On successful
completion of a cleanup, the applicant receives a CNTS.

Public Participation

Public participation requirements (notice, comment

periods, etc.): Kentucky's VERP has a public participation

component. Requirements include:

•	The applicant shall notify the local government units at
the time of application and at the time that the corrective
action plan is proposed.

•	The applicant shall place notices in the newspaper of
largest circulation in the county at the time of application
and at the time that the corrective action plan is
proposed.

•	The applicant shall post a sign on the property stating
that the site is undergoing remediation and providing
information on where and when the corrective action
plan is available for public review and comment.

•	Copies of all relevant documents shall be placed in the
local public library. Documents are also available from
the Division of Waste Management file room as provided
by Kentucky's Open Records Act, KRS 61.870-884.

•	A comment period of at least 30 days shall follow
publication of the notice of the submittal of a corrective
action plan. During the comment period, any person may
submit written comments to the cabinet concerning the
corrective action plan and may request a public hearing.
The cabinet may hold a public hearing if request is
made.

•	The cabinet shall consider all written comments and
public testimony prior to taking any action.

•	The public may appeal approval of a corrective action
plan or issuance of a CNTS.

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State Brownfields and Voluntary Response Programs:


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Voluntary cleanups outside the VERP also have a public

participation component, but not to the extent of the VERR

•	All cleanups being conducted under the No Further
Remediation Letter process (KRS 224.01-450 through
465) include a public notice and public comment period.

•	For any proposed remedy that does not achieve the
target risk levels at the point of exposure, the volunteer
shall provide a public notice. The cabinet shall receive
public comments for 30 days following the publication of
the notice.

•	Documents related to any cleanup are available for
public review under the provisions of Kentucky's Open
Records Act, KRS 61.870-884.

Public participation activities (hearing, meetings, etc.):

See comments under public participation requirements.

Statutory Authorities

•	KRS 224.01-400 Reportable quantities and release
notification requirements for hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants—Variation of requirements
by administrative regulation—Emergency plan—Powers
of the cabinet—Remedial action to restore
environment—Lien of cabinets costs of cleanup—
Liability of financial institution acquiring property or
serving as fiduciary.

•	KRS 224.01-405 Corrective action for release of
petroleum or petroleum product from a source other than
a petroleum storage tank.

•	KRS 224.01-450 to 465 No Further Remediation Letter.

•	KRS 224.01-510 to 532 Voluntary Environmental
Remediation Act.

•	401 KAR 100:030 Remediation Requirements.

An Update from the States

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