U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Bulletin - EPA 910/9-92-043

November 19 97

3EFWNEWS

Clean Water In the Making

Celebrating 25 Years of Progress Under the Clean Water Act

A quarter century ago, in
1972, Congress enacted the
first comprehensive national
clean water legislation in
response to growing public
concern for serious and
widespread water pollution.
The Clean Water Act is the
primary federal law that
protects our nation's waters,
including lakes, rivers, aqui-
fers, and coastal areas.

Back in ' 72, cnly a third of
the nation's waters were safe
for fishing and swimming.
Fish kills were a common
site. Wetlands losses were
estimated at about 460,000
acres annually. Agricultural
runoff resulted in the erosion
of 2.25 billion tons of soil
and the deposit of large
amounts of phosphorus and
nitrogen into many waters.
Sewage treatment plants
served cnly 85 million
people.

Today, though challenges
still lie ahead, the quality of
our waters has improved
dramatically as a result of a
cooperative effort by federal,
state, tribal, and local gov-
ernments to implement the
pollution control programs
established by the Clean
Water Act. Two-thirds of the
nation's waters are safe for
fishing and swimming. The
rate of annual wetlands
losses has dropped to an

estimated 80, 000 acres. The
amount of soil lost due to
agricultural runoff has been
cut by one billion tons annu-
ally, and phosphorus and
nitrogen levels in water
sources are down. Modern
wastewater treatment facili-
ties now serve 173 million
pecple.

The Clean Water Act provides
a comprehensive framework
of standards, technical tools,
and financial assistance to
address the many causes of
pollution and poor water
quality, including municipal
and industrial wastewater

The Clean Water Act's
primary objective is to
restore and maintain the
integrity of the nation's
waters. This objective
translates into two
fundamental goals:

-	eliminate the discharge
of pollutants into the
nation's waters, and

-	achieve water quality
levels that are fishable
and swimmable.

In This Issue	

©ER^EWS

ECO TEM

•SPOTLIGHT





EPA News to Update you on agency
activities

WaterWords to share stories from
communities around the Greater
Northwest

Ecosystem to provide news that goes
beyond water topics

Spotlight to showcase success stories
and enviromnental stars

Tools to clue you in on resources,
publications, opportunities, and
services

-------
discharges, polluted runoff
from urban and rural areas,
and habitat destruction. For
example the Act:

requires major indus-
tries to meet performance
standards to ensure pollu-
tion control;

charges states and
tribes with setting specific
water quality criteria appro-
priate for their waters and
developing pollution control
programs to meet them;

provides funding to
states and communities to
help them meet their clean
water infrastructure needs;

protects valuable
wetlands and other aquatic
habitats through a permit-
ting process that ensures
development and other ac-
tivities are conducted in an
environmentally sound
manner.

After 25 years, the Act con-
tinues to provide a clear path
for clean water and a solid
foundation for an effective
national water program. For
more information about the
Clean Water Act and the
25th Anniversary, visit EPA's
web site at www.epa.gov/
owow/cwa.

Get A Clean
Water Act Pack

In honor of the Clean
Water Act's twenty-fifth
birthday, EPA Region 10
is offering a free packet of
resource materials. The
packet contains a poster,
information about the
Clean Water Act, a book-
mark, and a children's
learning booklet called "A
Splash In Class." For a
packet, call
1-800-424-4EPA or
206/553-1200.

Adopt Your
Watershed

Watersheds are nature' s way
of dividing up the landscape.
Rivers, lakes, estuaries,
wetlands, streams, even the
oceans can serve as catch
basins for the land adjacent
to them. Ground water
aquifers serve the same
purpose for the land above
them. The actions of people
who live within a watershed
affect the health of the
waters that drain into it.

To encourage stewardship of
the nation's water resources
and to celebrate 25 years of
progress under the Clean
Water Act, EPA challenges
citizens and organizations to
Adopt Your Watershed.
Adoption means any citizen-
based effort to restore or
protect a water body. These
efforts might include stream
cleanups, water quality
monitoring, stream-side
planting, educating school
children, and so on. You can
join an organized effort in
your area or start your own.

EPA is building a voluntary,
national catalog of organiza-
tions involved in protecting
local waters, including for-
mal watershed alliances,
local groups, and schools.
You can access this catalog
an the internet at
www.epa.gov/surf/adopt to
find information specific to
your state or watershed to
leam about existing opportu-
nities and local environmen-
tal conditions. You are also
invited to have your
organization listed in this
catalog.

If you don't have internet
access, call 1-888-478-
2051 for information. For a
free brochure detailing the
Adopt Your Watershed oppor-
tunity, call 1-800-424-4EPA
or 206/553-1200.

Gardening
Don ' ts Protect
Environment

Believe it or not, there are
gardening activities you
can quit doing this fall that
will benefit water and air
quality and bring more
wildlife to your yard, while
allowing you more time for
quiet enjoyment of the
natural world. Elaine
Somers, EPA's Regional
Landscaping Coordinator,
suggests following Flora
Skelly' s "Don't Do" list for
gardens (Fall 1997 North-
west Garden News) :

Don't use pesticides.

Allow the natural balance
of beneficial insects and
birds to reestablish itself.

Don't rake leaves. Birds
feed on the insects that live
under leaves, and the leaf
compost nourishes the soil
for next year's growth.

Don't chop down dead or
dying trees, unless they
pose a hazard. These
"snags" provide insect food
and nesting sites for birds.

Don't mow all your lawn.

If allowed to grow tall and
interspersed with weeds,
your lawn can be a haven
for butterfly cateipillars,
small mammals, and birds .

Don't remove old flower
heads. The seeds provide
food for overwintering
birds.

Don't seek a perfect and
utterly tidy garden. A

half-wild place is preferred
by wildlife because it offers
more food and shelter.

More information? Call
Elaine Somers at 206/553-
2966 or 1-800-424-4EPA
X2966.

II

Page 2

WaterTalk November 1997

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Water Success In
Our Backyard

In recognition of the 25th
Anniversairy of the Clean
Water Act, we share with you
two notable clean water
successes, from a cast of
perhaps hundreds, from right
here in Region 10.

Healthy Alaska Harbor



Alaska is
renowned for the
richness of its
__ fisheries. The

resources found in
south central Alaska are
particularly abundant, with
all five varieties cf EScific
salmon present in addition to
halibut, cod, pollock, shrirrp,
crab, and scallcps. It's no
wonder that over the years
national and now interna-
tional demand have caused
seafood processors to
increase in numbers and
size. Cne location that has
continued to grow in every-
way is the seafood processing
center found on Kodiak
Island. There are now over
10 major processors
preparing millions of pounds
of Alaskan seafood each year.
Most of these processors are
located on St. Paul Harbor.

It's not widely
known, but
some species of
fish result in
up to 75%
waste. Imagine, if you can,
hundreds of thousand of
pounds of waste being dis-
charged to a small bay over
many years. Locals describe
the smell with vivid memo-
ries, and the decaying fish
literally caused sulfur-laden
bubbles to rise to the sur-

face. Of course, the smoth-
ering effect an the harbor
floor and the loss of available
oxygen to marine creatures
were natural

consequences, creating a
virtual aquatic desert.

The Clean Water Act provided
EPA with the regulatory tools
to address this underwater
nightmare. Our first ap-
proach was to require the
processors to grind their
waste so that it would
decompose sooner. With no
improvement noted, we then
required that the pipes
carrying the waste be pushed
farther into the harbor. The
problem simply moved.
Finally, as technology
improved, the processors
installed a fish meal plant
which turns much of the
waste into beneficial by-
products . This began the
healing process for the
harbor. However, the meal
plant could not ccpe with the
amount of waste being
generated and processors
were left with vast amounts
of fish waste. EPA required
deep-sea disposal of the
waste using barges, in order
to spare St. Paul Harbor from
further insult. Finally,
through Clean Water Act
litigation, a larger, $15
million meal plant has been
built to ccpe with the
volumes of waste.

The Harbor is now
M healthy and is the
playground for
humpback and gray
4lr whales in addition to

countless seabirds.
The processors are enjoying
the extra profits associated
with near full use of the fish
through meal production.
The chly voices of discontent
come from the resident sea
lions who once enjoyed the
free meal found at the end of
the processors' discharge
pipes.

Reclaiming the Willamette

The Willamette River in
northwestern Oregon flows
through some of the most
productive agricultural and
forest lands in the state, as
well as the most heavily
populated urban areas,
including the cities of Port-
land, Eugene, and Salem.

This vital, multi-purpose
river basin supports the lives
of millions of pecple and is a
source of pride for many
Oregonians.

However, this has not always
been the case. In the early
1960's, the Willamette was
called the Northwest' s most
polluted waterway. Water
levels were so low and the
river so burdened with pol-
lutants that migrating
salmon perished, and the
threat of disease and illness
put a stop to safe human
contact with the river.

Thanks in part to the Clean
Water Act and lots of effort
on the part of agencies and
citizens, the river began a
remarkable recovery in the
1970's that continues today.
Industrial releases to the
river have been brought
under control, and municipal
sewage no longer is dumped
untreated into the river.
Efforts to protect green
spaces beside the river
abound, and parklands and
public access alcng the
Willamette are increasing.
Pleasure boating, skiing,
swimming, and fishing are
once again a part of life in
and along the waterways.

Many citizens take active
roles as environmental stew-
ards . The public is reclaim-
ing its river.

Of course, challenges re-
main. Now that specific
industrial and municipal
sources are no longer the
primary threat to the river's
health, attention is shifting
to more diffuse pollution

Page 3

WaterTalk November 1997

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sources and to watershed
restorat icn. "Ncnpoint
sources" of pollution such as
urban or agricultural runoff
are harder to identify and
control, and human changes
to the watershed have in-
creased flooding and added
stresses which are complex
and difficult to address, as
well. Education and pollu-
tion prevention are more
than just buzz-words on the
Willamette; they are real
strategies designed to build
on the successes already
achieved. As the issues have
changed, so too has EPA's
involvement. While keeping
a steady eye on the major
pollution sources of the past,
agency staff are working ever
more directly with local
communities to protect the
sustainability of the river's
resources for the future.

Enviro-Ed
Grants Due Now

EPA's annual Environmen-
tal Education Grant cycle is
underway now. Organiza-
tions such as school dis-
tricts, colleges cr universi-
ties, state education or envi-
ronmental agencies, local or
tribal educational agencies,
not-for-profit organizations,
or non-commercial educa-
tional broadcasters are
eligible to apply for grants
under this program. Indi-
viduals are not eligible for
grants. Applications are due
November 15. Although
grants can range as high as
$250,000, EPA encourages
requests for $5000 or less.
Awards will likely be made
next spring. For a ccpy of
the solicitation, call EPA at
1-800-424-4EPA or
206/553-1200. Or, visit the
world wide web address:
http://eelink.umich.edu.

Last year, EPA Region 10
awarded twenty-six grants to
organizations located in
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and
Washington. Projects receiv-
ing awards included develop-
ment of a tribal environmen-
tal training program, interac-
tive outdoor workshops, an
agricultural stewards pro-
gram, a high school environ-
mental film project, an
outdoor living lab, an envi-
ronmental career awareness
program, a wildlife corridor
study, and an agricultural
composting demonstration
effort. For information about
the projects, call Sally Hanft,
EPA, at 206/553-1207.

WA Volunteer
Network On Line

Watch Over Washington is

now up and running. This
website represents a new
statewide network of about
12,000 volunteer environ-
mental monitors who mea-
sure the conditions of
theirlocal natural resources.
The internet site is home to
lots of information about
volunteer monitoring activi-
ties throughout Washington
State, including a roster of
volunteer activities, event
and opportunity announce-
ments, funding and training
opportunities, monitoring
tips and methods, and much
more . Watch Over Washing-
ten has two goals: to help
citizens work together within
their watersheds to provide a
local source of information
on environmental conditions;
and to support volunteer
monitors in learning how to
collect reliable, consistent
environmental information.

Launched by the Washington
Department of Ecology, this
effort is supported by the
Governor's Council on Envi-
ronmental Education and its
member agencies, with fund-
ing from the Puget Sound

Page 4

Water Quality Action Team
and EPA. Contributions of
announc ement s, suece s s
stories, and frequently asked
questions and answers about
monitoring are welcome.

Visit the site at http://
www.wa.gov/ecology/wq/
wow, or call Annie Phillips,
Ecology, at 360/407-6408.

Wetland Grants
for Governments

EPA's annual Wetland
Protection Grant cycle has
begun once again. Tribes,
states and local governments
are invited to submit Wetland
Protection Grant proposals
for Fiscal Year 1998. EPA
will award these Clean Water
Act grants to assist states,
tribes, and local governments
in their wetland protection
efforts. Grant funds can be
used to develop new wetland
protection programs or refine
existing programs. The
intent of the grant program is
to promote meaningful
aquatic resources protection.
Types of activities that may
be considered for funding
include development of
wetland conservation plans,
wetland restoration projects,
wetland monitoring and
assessment, training to build
government capacity, and so
on. Proposals are due
December 19, 1997. Please
contact your state coordina-
tor for more information
prior to preparing a proposal:

Alaska

Mark Jen, 907/271-3411
j en.mark@epamail.epa.gov

Idaho

John Olson, 208/378-5756
olson.j ohn@epamail.epa.gov

Oregon

YvonneVallette503/326-2716
vallette. yvoxie@epamail. epa. gov

Washington

Richard Clark, 206/753-8072
clark. richard@eparrail. epa. gov

WaterTalk November 1997

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Grants Available
In Washington

King County Offers Stew-
ardship Grants: Educa-
tional, governmental, and
non-profit organizations in
King County, Washington,
can apply now for grants to
fund community projects
that protect or improve
watersheds, streams, rivers,
lakes, wetlands, or tidewa-
ters . There are no deadlines
for applications for grants
under $5000, as this is an
on-going, noncompetitive
process. Pre-cqcplicatians for
grants of $5000 and above
are due November 14 . For
details, or to apply, call Ken
Pritchard, King County, at
206/296-8265.

Get A Piece of the PIE:

Puget Sound Water Quality
Action Team is requesting
proposals for Public Involve-
ment and Education (PIE)

Proj ects. Any Washington
resident, business or com-
munity organization, tribal or
local government, or school
may apply for up to $40, 000
for projects directly related to
the cleanup and protection of
Puget Sound. Workshops to
help applicants prepare
proposals will be held in
early December. Proposal
are due January 15, 1998.
For more information call
1-800-54-SOUND or
360/407-7300 .

Watershed Grants Available
Soon: Washington Depart-
ment of Ecology will soon
offer a new grant program to
assist local groups involved
in water supply planning.
The aim of the grant program
is to help local groups get a
head start on watershed
planning. For information
call Peggy Clifford, Ecology,
at 360/407-7262.

m IBmnnnLrw

Environmental Documents:

Each of the following documents is available free through the
EPA Region 10 Public Environmental Resource Center. Just
call 1-800-424-4EPA or 206/553-1200.

People, Places, and Partnerships: A Progress Report on
Community Based Environmental Protection. This 50-
page document produced by EPA gives a status report on
efforts to promote progress toward sustainability at the
community level by helping communities solve environmen-
tal problems in integrated, holistic ways.

Toward a Watershed Approach: A Framework for Aquatic
Ecosystem Restoration, Protection, and Management.

Published by Coastal America Partnership Project, in which
EPA is a participating partner, this colorful, 24-page
document focuses on aquatic ecosystem protection and
restoration through watershed-based resource
management approaches.

Household Hazardous Waste Management: A Manual for
One-Day Community Collection Programs. This 74-page
EPA handbook, intended for community leaders and pro-
gram organizers, is designed to help communities plan and
operate a successful household hazardous waste collection
program.

IPM for Schools: A How-To Manual. This 213-page
manual published by EPA focuses on pest prevention in
schools using effective, least-toxic methods. It includes a
discussion of integrated pest management concepts per-
taining to schools, a step-by-step guide for developing a
pest management program, and specific strategies for
dealing with 14 of the most common pests.

EPA Internet Resources:

Safe Drinking Water Act One Year Report: This EPA
report marks one year of implementation of the 1996
amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. It highlights
the year's achievements and discusses future activities in
public health protection. "www.epa.gov/OGWDW/yearl/
sdwaly.html"

Wetlands on the Web: This recently updated web site gives
access to over 180 documents and links to other sites
related to wetlands protection. "www.epa.gov/0W0W/
wetlands"

EPA Strategic Plan: The EPA Strategic Plan is a blueprint
for taking the agency into the 21st Century and achieving
critical human health and environmental protection over
the next five years. It states EPA's mission and identifies
ten broad goals that will serve as the long-term framework
for planning and resource allocation decisions. It also lays
out shorter-term objectives, as well as a set of "guiding
principles" for the agency, "www.epa.gov/ocfo"



Page 5

WaterTalk November 1997

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•SPOTLIGHT

Micron Earns
MP2M Award

Publicly recognizing ten
years of pollution control
efforts, EPA Region 10
awarded its latest Evergreen
Award for Pollution Pre-
vention to Micron Technol-
ogy, a Boise-based semicon-
ductor manufacturer. Mi-
cron has invested millions of
dollars in pollution preven-
tion (P2) improvements, and
still accomplished an 80%
annual increase in produc-
tion of computer memory
chips over the last decade.

Lynn McKee, Director of
EPA's Boise Office, presented
the Evergreen Award at a
ceremony in mid-September.
The pollution reductions,
McKee said, show that Mi-
cron takes its role as a cor-
porate citizen seriously, and
demonstrates that companies
can reduce pollution and still
be economically viable.

Micron's investments to
reduce pollution have re-
sulted in: corrpletely elimi-
nating the use of ozcne-
depleting chlorofluorocar-
bcns; replacing its chemical-
based process for cleaning
silicon wafers with a more
effective water-based pro-
cess ; a revamped water
reclamation and water treat-
ment process, enabling the
company to recycle more
than one third of the water
used in its manufacturing
process; installation of best
available control technology
to reduce air emissions, and
expanding the company-wide
recycling program for scrap
metal, plastics, paper, and
other materials.

In addition, the company has
shown a corporate commit-
ment to environmental qual-

ity by instituting a rigorous
environmental management
system, and shows its lead-
ership by sharing its pollu-
tion prevention experience
with other Idaho companies.

EPA's Evergreen Award for
Pollution Prevention recog-
nizes the outstanding efforts
to prevent pollution within
all sectors of the greater
Pacific Northwest business
community. For more infor-
mation about nominating a
business for the Evergreen
Award, contact Carolyn
Gangmark at 206/553-4072
or 1-800-424-4EPA X4072.

Bugs, Volunteers
and Streams

The animals that live in a
stream provide good indica-
tors of that stream's health
and ecological condition.

Human activities that alter a
watershed and interfere with
its natural processes have
immediate as well as long-
lasting effects an the animals
living in a stream. The
rocks, cobble, and mud along
the bottom of a stream pro-
vide shelter for a wide variety
of insects including mayflies,
stcxieflies, true flies, and
beetles. These animals, in
turn, provide food for trout,
salmon, herons, and king-
fishers. Most freshwater
invertebrates, like salmon,
require clear, cool water,
adequate oxygen, stable
flows, and a steady source of
food in order to complete
their life cycles.

A model program now under-
way in King County, Wash-
ington, has volunteers get-
ting quite intimate with bugs
in streams. In the field,
citizen volunteers are sam-
pling and preserving fresh-
water insects at eight stream
sites. In the lab, volunteers
are learning which bugs
indicate a healthy stream

that could support salmon,
and which animals indicate a
site degraded by habitat loss,
sedimentation, or toxics.

This proj ect teaches volun-
teers to use simple but scien-
tific methods so that they
can directly assess the
health of a stream and then
communicate their assess-
ment to biologists, planners,
or policymakers. The proj ect
also presents an opportunity
for a comparison of data
collected by volunteers and
data collected by professional
biologists. Ultimately, pro-
gram coordinators would like
resource managers to have
confidence in volunteer
monitoring data so that they
can supplement their own
watershed analyses with
volunteer assessments.

Project partners include City
of Bellevue Stream Team,
King County, Redmond
Stream Team, Pacific Crest
School, Overlake Fly Fishing
Club, EPA, and other agency
and citizen groups. This
proj ect is funded by the
Regional Water Quality Block
Grant Fund. For details
contact Kit Paulsen, Bellevue
Stream Team Coordinator, at
425/452-5200,
Kpaulsen@bellevue.wa.us.

ECO 1EM

Look for Energy-
Star Labels

Efficient energy use and a
healthy environment go hand
in hand. Most of the energy
consumed in homes and
offices is produced by burn-
ing fossil fuels like ccal, oil,
and natural gas. Inefficient
products result in wasted
energy and that, in turn,
runs up energy bills and
adds to air pollution. Air
pollution from burning fossil

Page 6

WaterTalk November 1997

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fuels can cause respiratory
disease, smog, acid rain,
and global climate change.
That' s why EPA and the
Department of Energy are
working together to help
businesses and consumers
make energy-efficient
purchasing decisions. The
Energy Star label, the
symbol for energy efficiency,
can help purchasers identify
products that save energy,
save money, and help the
environment. The
performance of these
products is as good or better
than that of standard new
equipment.

Manufacturers and retailers
voluntarily join this effort by
agreeing to label products
that meet efficiency criteria
set by EPA and Department
of Energy. New computers,
office equipment,
appliances, heating and
cooling equipment, residen-
tial lighting fixtures, and
even new homes can bear
the Energy Star label. For
more information on Energy-
Star products and pro-
grams, call 1-888-STAR-
YES, or check out the web
site: www.epa.gov/
energystar.html. Or, call
JohnE. Grobler, EPA
Region 10, at 206/553-1196
or 1-800-424-4EPA X1196.



iBIUBi ^i1™SLte1raYby

Seattle, WA. 206/328-4848.

November

January

8: Northwest Environmental

Justice Conference, Portland, 15: Deadline for submitting
OR. Angela Wilson, articles for February issue of
503/823-3603. WaterTalk. Andrea Lindsay,

EEA, lindsEy.an±ea@^HiHil .qpa.gcv,
8: Protecting Children from 1-800-424-4EPA xl896, or
Toxic Exposures, Seattle, 206/553-1896.
WA. Washington Toxics

Coalition, 206/632-1545. 31: Sound Waters Public

Workshop, Coupeville, WA.
12: Marine Species Decline Island County/WSU Beach-
in Puget Sound, Public watchers, Susan Berta,

Forum, Seattle, WA. Holly 360/679-7391.

Schneider Ross,

360/407-6453. February

19-20: Partnerships in Pre- 4-6: NW Transportation
venting Polluted Runoff, Conference, Incorporating
Nonpoint Source Workshop, Northwest Roads & Streets,
Wenatchee, WA. Bill Green, Oregon Department of Trans-
Washington Department of portaticn, Corvallis, Oregon.
Ecology, 360/407-6795.

March

18-21: Annual Conference of 12_13; SQund
the Association of Oregon Researdl Seattle, WA..

' ' ^et Sound water Quality

503/585-8351. Action Team, 360/407-7321.

28: The Incredible Undersea .

Trial of Joseph P. Lawnboy,

An Environmental Play by American Wetlands Month
Seattle Public Theater,

Seattle, WA. 206/328-4848. 3-May29: (Fridays) King

County Land/Water Steward-
December ship Volunteer Training,

3: The Incredible Undersea ^ns^Qfi^qpf;
^ j- -r i ^ t- i Freeman, 206/296-3986.
Trial of Joseph P. Lawnboy,

Mailing List Update

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Page 7	WaterTalk November 1997

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WaterTalk is published quarterly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. WaterTalk seeks to
be a useful tool for those who protect water resources and ecosystems in communities of the Greater Pacific
Northwest, by providing practical resources and relevant agency news.

Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying,
official EPA approval, endorsement, or recommendation.

You are invited to contribute items for publication. Submittal deadline is the 15th day of the month preceding
publication.

WaterTalk articles are available for use in other publications. Please give credit to WaterTalk.

For mailing list changes, call Tomi Rutherford at 206/553-0603.

To contact theEditor, call Andrea Lindsay at 206/553-1896 ,

1-800-424-4EPA xl896, or email:lindsay.andrea@epamail.epa.gov.

Accessibility Information: This publication is available in alternate formats (eg, large print, Braille). To request
an alternate format, contact EPA at 206/553-1200 or 1-800-424-4EPA. People with hearing or speech
impairments can call EPA's telecommunication device for the deaf (TDD) at 206/553-1698.

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