User’s Guide for Estimating Carbon Dioxide Nitrous Oxide HFC PFC NF3 and SF6 Emissions from Industrial Processes Using the State Inventory Tool January 2023


User's Guide for Estimating
Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous
Oxide, HFC, PFC, NF3, and SF6
Emissions from Industrial
Processes Using the State
Inventory Tool

January 2023

Prepared by:
ICF

Prepared for:

State Energy and Environment Program,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

This section of the User's Guide provides instruction on using the Industrial Processes (IP)
module of the State Inventory Tool (SIT), and describes the methodology used for
estimating carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), HFC, PFC, NF3, and SF6 emissions
from industrial processes at the state level.

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Module 6 - Industrial Processes Module

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Table of Contents

1.1	Getting Started	2

1.2	Module Overview	3

1.2.1	Data Requirements	4

1.2.2	Tool Layout	6

1.3	Methodology	6

1.4	Uncertainty	26

1.5	References	27

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

1.1

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1.1 Getting Started

The Industrial Processes (IP) module of the State Inventory Tool (SIT) was developed using
Microsoft® Excel 2000. While the module will operate with older versions of Excel, it
functions best with Excel 2000 or later. If you are using Excel 2007 or later, instructions for
opening the module will vary as outlined in the instructions below. Some of the Excel basics
are outlined in the sections below. Before you use the IP module, make sure your computer
meets the system requirements. In order to install and run the IP module, you must have:

• IBM-PC compatible computer with the Windows 95 operating system or later;

• Microsoft® Excel 1997 or later, with calculation set to automatic and macros
enabled;

• Hard drive with at least 20MB free; and

• Monitor display setting of 800 x 600 or greater.

Microsoft Excel Settings

Excel 2003 and Earlier: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to
automatic calculation. To check this setting, launch Microsoft Excel before opening the IP
module. Go to the Tools menu and select "Options..." Click on the "Calculations" tab and
make sure that the radio button next to "Automatic" is selected, and then click on "OK" to
close the window. The security settings (discussed next) can also be adjusted at this time.

Excel 2007 and Later: For the SIT modules to function properly, Excel must be set to
automatic calculation. Go to the Formulas ribbon and select "Calculation Options." Make
sure that the box next to the "Automatic" option is checked from the pop-up menu.

Microsoft Excel Security

Excel 2003 and Earlier: Because the SIT employs macros, you must have Excel security
set to medium (recommended) or low (not recommended). To change this setting, launch
Microsoft Excel before opening the IP module. Once in Excel, go to the Tools menu, click on
the Macro sub-menu, and then select "Security" (see Figure 1). The Security pop-up box
will appear. Click on the "Security Level" tab and select medium. When set to high, macros
are automatically disabled; when set to medium, Excel will give you the choice to enable
macros; when set to low, macros are always enabled.

When Excel security is set to medium, users are asked upon opening the module whether to
enable macros. Macros must be enabled in order for the IP module to work. Once they are
enabled, the module will open to the control worksheet. A message box will appear
welcoming the user to the module. Clicking on the "x" in the upper-right-hand corner of the
message box will close it.

Excel 2007 and Later: If Excel's security settings are set at the default level a Security
Warning appears above the formula box in Excel when the IP module is initially opened. The
Security Warning lets the user know that some active content from the spreadsheet has
been disabled, meaning that Excel has prevented the macros in the spreadsheet from
functioning. Because SIT needs macros in order to function properly, the user must click
the "Options" button in the security message and then select, "Enable this content" in the
pop-up box. Enabling the macro content for the SIT in this way only enables macros
temporarily in Excel but does not change the macro security settings. Once macros are

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enabled, a message box will appear welcoming the user to module. Click on the "x" in the
upper right-hand corner to close the message box.

If the Security Warning does not appear when the module is first opened, it may be
necessary to change the security settings for macros. To change the setting, first exit out
of the IP module and re-launch Microsoft Excel before opening the IP module. Next, click on
the Microsoft Excel icon in the top left of the screen. Scroll to the bottom of the menu and
select the "Excel Options" button to the right of the main menu. When the Excel Options box
appears, select "Trust Center" in left hand menu of the box. Next, click the gray "Trust
Center Settings" button. When the Trust Center options box appears, click "Macro Settings"
in the left-hand menu and select "Disable all macros with notification." Once the security
level has been adjusted, open the IP module and enable macros in the manner described in
the preceding paragraph.

Viewing and Printing Data and Results

The IP module contains some features to allow users to adjust the screen view and the
appearance of the worksheets when they are printed. Once a module has been opened, you
can adjust the zoom by going to the Module Options Menu, and either typing in a zoom
percentage or selecting one from the drop-down menu. In addition, data may not all
appear on a single screen within each worksheet; if not, you may need to scroll up or down
to view additional information.

You may also adjust the print margins of the worksheets to ensure that desired portions of
the IP module are printed. To do so, go to the File menu, and then select "Print Preview."
Click on "Page Break Preview" and drag the blue lines to the desired positions (see Figure
2). To print this view, go to the File menu, and click "Print." To return to the normal view,
go to the File menu, click "Print Preview," and then click "Normal View."

Figure 1. Changing Security Settings

:igure 2. Adjusting Print Margins

D Microsoft Excel - Bookl

110 File Edit

View Insert

Format I

Tools | Data Window Help I

Spelling... F7

1 1

I B |

Research... Alt+Click

1 1

K 1

Error Checking.,.

Speech ~

Shared Workspace..,

Share Workbook...

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Track Changes ~

Compare and Merge Workbooks...

Protection ~

Online Collaboration ~

Goal Seek...

Scenarios...

Formula Auditing ~

| Macro ~ |

Macros,..

Alt+F8

Add-Ins...

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AutoCorrect Options...

Security..,

Customize...

] Visual Basic Editor

Alt+Fll

Options...

' Microsoft Script Editor

Alt+Shift+Fll

1.2 Module Overview

This User's Guide accompanies and explains the Industrial Processes module of the SIT.
The SIT was originally developed in conjunction with EPA's Emissions Inventory
Improvement Program (EIIP) in order to automate the steps states would need to take in
developing their own emission estimates in a manner that was consistent with prevailing

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national and state guidelines. The result was a user-friendly and comprehensive set of
eleven modules that help users estimate greenhouse gas emissions at the state level.

Because most state inventories developed today rely heavily on the SIT, User's Guides have
been developed for each of the SIT modules. These User's Guides contain the most up-to-
date methodologies that are, for the most part, consistent with the Inventory of U.S.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (EPA 2022a). Users can refer to the chapters and
annexes of the U.S. Inventory to obtain additional information not found in the SIT or in the
companion User's Guide.

In 2021, EPA began publishing the results of the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks disaggregated by U.S. state (EPA 2022b) to make consistent state-
level GHG data available for all states for use by states, researchers, and the general public.
However, EPA recognizes that there will be differences between the state-level estimates
published by EPA and inventory estimates developed by states using the SIT or other tools.
Inventories compiled by states may differ for several reasons, and differences do not
necessarily mean that one set of estimates is more accurate, or "correct." In some cases,
the Inventory of U.S. Greenhous Gas Emissions and Sinks may be using different
methodologies, activity data, and emission factors, or may have access to the latest facility-
level information through the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP). In other cases,
because of state laws and regulations, states may have adopted accounting decisions that
differ from those adopted by UNFCCC and IPCC to ensure comparability in national reporting
(e.g., use of different category definitions and emission scopes consistent with state laws
and regulations). Users of state GHG data should take care to review and understand
differences in accounting approaches to ensure that any comparisons of estimates are
equivalent or an apples-to-apples comparison of estimates.

The IP module calculates carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbon
(HFC), perfluorocarbon (PFC), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulfur hexafluoride (SFe)
emissions from the IP sectors shown in Table 1. While the module provides default data for
each sector (depending on availability), if you have access to a more comprehensive data
source, it should be used in place of the default data. If using outside data sources, or for a
more thorough understanding of the tool, please refer to the following discussion for data
requirements and methodology.

1.2.1 Data Requirements

To calculate CO2, N2O, HFC, PFC, NF3, and SFe emissions from IP, general activity data on
various IP sectors are required. A complete list of the activity data and emission factors
necessary to run the IP module is provided in Table 1.

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Table 1. IP Sectors, Data Requirements, and Gases Emitted

Module Worksheet

Data Required

Gas(es)

Cement Production

Emission factors and production data for
clinker and cement kiln dust (CKD)



Lime Manufacture

Emission factors and production data for
high-calcium lime, and dolomitic lime



Limestone and Dolomite Use

Emission factors and consumption data
for limestone, dolomite, and magnesium
produced from dolomite



Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption

Emission factors and consumption data
for manufacture and consumption of
soda ash

C02

Iron and Steel Production

Emission factors and production data for
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at
Integrated Mill with Coke Ovens, Basic
Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at Integrated Mill
without Coke Ovens, Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF), and Open Hearth Furnace (OHF)



Ammonia Manufacture

Emission factors and production and
consumption data for ammonia
production, and urea consumption



Nitric Acid Production

Emission factor, production data, and
Percent N2O Released after Pollution
Control for nitric acid production

N20

Adipic Acid Production

Emission factor, production data, and
Percent N2O Released after Pollution
Control for adipic acid production

Aluminum Production

Emission factors for Prebake and
Soderberg technologies and aluminum
production data by technology

CO2 and PFC

HCFC-22 Production

Emission factor and production data for
HCFC-22 production



Consumption of Substitutes for Ozone-
Depletinq Substances (ODS)

No input data required*



Semiconductor Manufacture

No input data required*

HFC, PFC,

Electric Power Transmission and
Distribution

Emission factor and SF6 consumption
data for electric power transmission and
distribution

NF3, and SF5

Magnesium Production and Processing

Emission factor and consumption data
for primary production, secondary
production, and casting



* According to inventory guidance, emissions of HFCs, PFCs, NF3, and SF6 from ODS substitutes and
semiconductor manufacture can be estimated by apportioning national or regional emissions to each
state based on population. Because this tool apportions national or regional emissions based on state
population, the emission factors and activity data for these sources are not required.

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

1.5

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1.2.2 Tool Layout

Because there are multiple steps to complete within the IP module, it is important to
understand the module's overall design. The layout of the IP module is presented in Figure
3.

Figure 3. Flow of Information in the IP Module*

"A

Control Worksheet

1.	Select a State

2.	Enter Estimates from GHGRP

3.	-16. Enter emission factors and activity datajfor:

Cement Production
Lime Manufacture
Limestone and Dolomite Use
Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption
Iron and Steel Production
Ammonia Manufacture
Nitric Acid Production
Adipic Acid Production
Aluminum Production
HCFC-22 Production
Ozone Depleting Substances
Semiconductor Manufacture
Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
Magnesium Production and Processing j

17.	View Summary Dataj

18.	Export Data

>

Individual Sector Worksheets

2. Enter Emission Estimates from EPA's GHGRP
Enter Activity Data for the following sectors:

Cement Production

4.	Lime Manufacture

5.	Limestone and Dolomite Use

6.	Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption

7.	Iron and Steel Production

8.	Ammonia Manufacture

9.	Nitric Acid Production

10.	Adipic Acid Production

11.	Aluminum Production

12.	HCFC-22 Production

13.	Ozone Depleting Substances

14.	Semiconductor Manufacture

15.	Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
YJ6. Magnesium Production and Processing

Summary Data

Presented in both table and graphical formats in MMTC02E
Uncertainty

Review information on uncertainty associated with the default data

* According to inventory guidance, emissions of HFCs, PFCs, NF3, and SF6 from ODS substitutes and
semiconductor production can be estimated by apportioning national emissions to each state based on
population. Because this tool apportions national emissions based on state population, no emission
factors need to be entered for these sources.

1.3 Methodology

This section provides a guide to using the IP module of the SIT to estimate CO2, N2O, NF3,
HFC, PFC, and SFe emissions from IP. The sectors included in the IP module are cement
production, lime manufacture, limestone and dolomite use, soda ash manufacture and
consumption, iron and steel production, ammonia manufacture, nitric and adipic acid
production, aluminum production, HCFC-22 production, consumption of substitutes for
ozone depleting substances, semiconductor manufacture, electric power transmission and
distribution, and magnesium production and processing. Because the methodology varies
by sector, they are discussed separately and specific examples for each sector are provided.

The IP module follows the general methodology outlined in Chapter 6 of the Emissions
Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) guidance, however because of the automation of
the calculations within the tool, the order of steps discussed in this guide do not always
follow the order of steps discussed within the EIIP guidance document.

This User's Guide provides an overview of the estimation methodology used in the IP
module by walking through the following steps: (1) select a state; (2) enter available data
aggregated for EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program; (3) enter emission factors and
activity data for cement production; (4) enter emission factors and activity data for lime
manufacture; (5) enter emission factors and activity data for limestone and dolomite use;

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(6) enter emission factors and activity data for soda ash manufacture and consumption; (7)
enter emission factors and activity data for iron and steel production; (8) enter emission
factors and activity data for ammonia manufacture; (9) enter emission factors and activity
data for nitric acid production; (10) enter emission factors and activity data for adipic acid
production; (11) enter emission factors and activity data for aluminum production; (12)
enter emission factors and activity data for HCFC-22 production; (13) review sector
worksheet for consumption of substitutes for ozone depleting substances; (14) review
sector worksheet for semiconductor manufacture; (15) enter emission factors and activity
data for electric power transmission and distribution; (16) complete control and sector
worksheets for magnesium production and processing; (17) review summary information;
and (18) export data. The general equations used to calculate CO2, N2O, and HFC, PFC,
NF3, and SF6 emissions from IP are shown in the discussion of each specific sector.

Step (1) Select a State

To begin, select the state you are interested in evaluating. By selecting a state, the rest of
the tool will automatically reset to reflect the appropriate state default data and
assumptions for use in subsequent steps of the tool.

Step (2) Enter Emission Estimates for Facilities Reporting to EPA's Greenhouse
Gas Reporting Program (OPTIONAL)

Additional data, such as emissions and activity data, are also available through EPA's
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) for 2010 and on. You have the option to rely
on this data to estimate emissions for select source categories.

The GHGRP requires reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) data and other relevant information
from large sources and suppliers in the United States. EPA's reporting threshold for the
GHGRP is generally facilities that emit a total of 25,000 MTCO2E per year. However, in some
instances, EPA has identified source categories that are "all in" or do not have a reporting
threshold (i.e., all facilities in operation for that source category need to report GHG
emissions to EPA). This simplifies the determination process for GHGRP reporting
applicability.

Cement production, lime manufacturing, soda ash manufacturing, ammonia manufacturing,
nitric acid production, adipic acid production, aluminum production, and HCFC-22
production/HFC-23 destruction are the industrial process source categories that are "all in".
Information about the GHGRP can be accessed at: https://www.epa.aov/ahareportina.

If you would like to incorporate GHGRP data into your state's GHG inventory for the source
categories identified above, follow the steps outlined below.

1. Use EPA's Facility-Level Information on GreenHouse Gases Tool (FLIGHT) to

determine if your state has applicable emissions from the GHGRP to incorporate in
your GHG inventory.

a.	Go to https://ahadata.epa.aov/ahap/main.do.

b.	Select your state on the initial screen pop up or on the top left-hand portion
of the webpage.

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c. At the bottom of the webpage (under the map), remove checks from all
sectors except "Chemicals", "Minerals", or "Metals".1

d. Hover over the gear icon to the top right of the selected sector, and only
check the source category of interest to determine if applicable emissions are
available. (Note: Only select one source category at a time to view emissions
from that source.)

e. Select the button on the left side of the webpage labeled "APPLY SEARCH".

f. View if you have emissions for the selected source category in your state.

g. Repeat steps la-lf for each source category listed above to determine if your
state has applicable emissions from the GHGRP to incorporate in your GHG
inventory.

Note: Do not pull emissions directly from FLIGHT to incorporate into the IP Module,
as they include both process and stationary combustion emissions, and this will
result in double counting in your GHG inventory between the IP and Stationary
Combustion Modules.

2. Once applicability is determined, use EPA's Envirofacts Customized Search to access
and view process emissions for most source categories. (For adipic acid, HCFC-22
production/HFC-23 destruction, lime manufacturing [CEMS reporters only], and soda
ash manufacturing see Step 3.)

a. Go to https://www.epa.aov/enviro/areenhouse-aas-customized-search.

b. Scroll down and select the relevant source category.

c. At the bottom of the next page, select "Step 2: Retrieve Tables for Selected
Subjects".

d. On the next page, select the table you would like to view by clicking the radio
button to the left of the table title, and then select "Step 3: Select Columns".
(Key words to look for when selecting the table to view include "subpart-
level", and/or "emissions". A common table name you may select is
"Subpart_Level_Information".)

e. On the next page, select the Columns you would like to view by checking the
box to the left, and then select "Step 4: Enter Search Criteria". (Key words to
look for when selecting columns include "emissions", "specified GHG", or
"facility-wide". A common column name you may select is "Greenhouse Gas
Quantity".)

f. On the next page, enter your state's abbreviation in the State Abbreviation
form, and the relevant reporting year, then select "Search Database" or
"Output to CSV File" at the bottom of the page. "Search Database" will display
your results in a web format first, and then present the option to download
the CSV file. "Output to CSV File" will download your results immediately in a
CSV file.

g. Sum the relevant emissions data in the CSV file and then transfer the CSV
results to the "GHGRP Data Input" tab in the relevant worksheet cells.

1 "Chemicals" include ammonia manufacturing, nitric acid production, adipic acid production, and
HCFC-22 production/HFC-23 destruction. "Minerals" include cement production, lime manufacturing,
and soda ash manufacturing. "Metals" include aluminum production.

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3. For select source categories (adipic acid, HCFC-22 production/HFC-23 destruction,
lime manufacturing [CEMS reporters only], and soda ash manufacturing), detailed
process emissions data must be accessed through an EPA-published spreadsheet
available here: https://www.epa.aov/ahareportina/aha-reportina-proaram-data-sets,
in the file titled "Subpart E, O, S-CEMS, BB, CC, LL, RR Data Set". Transfer the
relevant emissions data to the "GHGRP Data Input" tab in the relevant worksheet
cells.

Step (3) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Cement Production
Control Worksheet

The second step for the control worksheet is to either select the default data provided or to
enter user-specified data that will be used throughout the tool. To proceed with the default
data, select the "Clear/Select AN" button for each sector on the control worksheet or check
the individual default box directly to the right of specific yellow input cells. See Figure 4 for
locations of the "Clear/Select AN" buttons, individual default check boxes, and yellow input
cells. Note that this number can be overwritten if you later discover that the data for your
state differ from the default data provided by the tool. To enter user-specified inputs, enter
data directly into the yellow input cells. If the user-specific inputs do not match the default
data in the control worksheet (i.e., the default value is overwritten), the text will appear
red. Information requirements on the control worksheet for each sector are discussed
separately below.

Figure 4. Control Worksheet for the IP Module

State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

| Consult User's Suide ~~|

1. Choose a State | Colorado

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icrr&atd&tautt naftabi&sfory&ur state.

Go to the Reporting

2. Enter emission estimates for facilities reporting to EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Progran Program Sheet

factors and proceed to the sector worksheet to complete activity data for the following industrial processes:

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C02 Emission Factors tnUnfoiofCO? £m&^pwlMi?f£kxAictxir!0/'Cbnstir7ptfori
Default Factor

3. Cement Production

Clinker

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD)

4. Lime Manufacture

High-Calcium Lime
Dolomitic Lime

5. Limestone and Dolomite Use

Limestone
Dolomite

Magnesium Produced from Dolomite

6. Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumptior

Manufacture
Consumption

7. Iron and Steel Production

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at
Integrated Mill with Coke Ovens
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at
Integrated Mill without Coke Ovens
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

OHF

8. Ammonia Manufacture

Ammonia Production
Urea Production

9. Aluminum Production

Aluminum Production - Prebake

Aluminum Production - Sadatbfiffl

0.507
0.020

0.75
0.87

0.440
0.484
1.797

0.097
0.415

1.460
0.080
1.720

0.436
0.464

Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric Ton of Clinker Produced
Metric Tons CKD C02 Emitted I Metric Ton of Clinker C02 Emitted

Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric Ton High-Calcium Lime Produced
Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric Ton Dolomitic Lime Produced

Metric Tons CO^Emjtted_/_Metnc^ori_UmestoneJCalcj(e|_

Metric Tons C
Metric TonsC

Required Data
Input Cells

Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric Ton Soda Ash

Individual Default
Data Check Boxes

Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric NH3 Produced
Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric NH3 Produced

Metric Tons C02 Emitted I Metric Ton Aluminum Produced
Metric Tons CO? Emitted I Metric Ton Aluminum Produced

6o to the Lime Sheet

Go to the Limestone
Sheet

60 to the Soda Ash Sheet

Go to the Aluminum Sheet

The first type of required data in the control worksheet is emission factors for clinker, and
cement kiln dust used in cement production. CO2 emissions from cement production consist
of emissions produced during the cement clinker production processes and are in units of
metric tons of CO2 released per metric ton of clinker or cement kiln dust produced.

Emissions from the production of masonry cement are accounted for in Lime emissions
estimates.

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Cement Production Sector Worksheet

The activity data required to populate the blue cells in the cement production worksheet are
metric tons of clinker produced annually, as shown in Figure 5. Select "Check All Boxes" if
you would like to use default data provided in the IP module. Activity data for cement
production by state is available from USGS (2022d). CO2 is created when calcium carbonate
(CaCCb) is heated in a cement kiln to form lime (calcium oxide or CaO) and CO2. This
process is known as calcination or calcining.

Cement clinker emissions are calculated by multiplying the clinker production quantity by
the emission factor entered on the control worksheet and adding the product to the
emissions from cement kiln dust (a by-product of cement clinker production). The emissions
are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E). Equation 1 shows this calculation for CO2 emissions from
cement production.

Equation 1. Emission Equation for Cement Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production (metric tons) x Emission Factor (t C02/t production) + Emissions
from Cement Kiln Dust (Metric tons CO2)

Figure 5. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Cement Production Worksheet

|P State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

Step (4) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Lime Manufacture
Control Worksheet

The emission factors for high-calcium lime and dolomitic lime manufacture are the next
required inputs on the control worksheet. Lime is manufactured by heating limestone

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(mostly CaC03) in a kiln, creating CaO and CO2. The IP module estimates these CO2
emissions from two types of lime: high-calcium lime and dolomitic lime production.

Lime Manufacture Sector Worksheet

Production data for high-calcium dolomite and dolomitic lime, and the amount of these used
in sugar refining and precipitated calcium carbonate are required inputs in the blue cells of
the lime manufacture worksheet as shown in Figure 6. Activity data for lime manufacture
by state is available from USGS (2022b).

Before entering the production of high-calcium and dolomitic lime, you must correct for the
water content of hydrated lime. The water content can be assumed to be 24.3 percent for
high-calcium hydrated lime and 27.3 percent for dolomitic lime. To correct for the water
content of hydrated lime, multiply the production data for high-calcium hydrated lime and
dolomitic hydrated lime by their respective percentages of dry lime to find the corrected
production numbers for both varieties of hydrated lime. An example of this correction for
high-calcium lime is shown in Equation 2.

Equation 2. Example Calculation for Hydrated Lime Correction

Corrected Lime Content of High-Calcium Hydrated Lime (metric tons) =
High-Calcium Hydrated Lime Production (metric tons) x (1 - 0.24 metric tons water/metric

ton high-calcium hydrated lime)

To calculate emissions from this source, the production quantity of each lime type is
multiplied by its respective emission factor from the control worksheet. Because lime used
in sugar refining and precipitated calcium carbonate production results in the reabsorption
of atmospheric CO2, carbon absorbed from these uses is subtracted from gross emissions.
The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric
tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E). Equation 3 shows this calculation for CO2
emissions from cement production.

Equation 3. Emission Equation for Lime Manufacture

Emissions (MTCO2E) = [Production (metric tons) - Sugar Refining and Precipitated Calcium
Carbonate Production (metric tons) x C02 Reabsorbtion Factor (80%)] x Emission Factor

(MT CO2/MT production)

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Figure 6. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Lime Manufacture Worksheet

Q@|xl

~ State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

i 3*| File Edit Module Options

I Type a question for help

B ICI

3. Lime Manufacture in Colorado

Emissions from lime manufacture consist of emissions from high-calcium and dolomitic lime production. The production quantity of
each lime type is multiplied by its respective emission factor. Because lime used in sugar refining and precipitated calcium carbonate
production results in the reabsorbtion of atmospheric C02l carbon absorbed from these uses is subtracted from gross emissions.
The emissions are then converted to metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) and from metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents
(MTCO^E). Additional information on these calculations is available in the Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

e In Sue

(Metric Tons)

1991 High-Calcium

1992 High-C;
~olomii

1993 High-Ci
~olomii

199-1 High-Ci
~olomii

199S High-Ca
~olomii

199« High-C<
~olomii

1997 High-Ci

~olomii:

1998 High-C.
~olomit

20.272
5,185

57.470
14.720

54.204
13.762

0.7500 =

0.8700 =

L999 High-Calcium Lime

~ H \ rnntrol / Cement \ Limp / I irneqtone / Soda Ach / Iron & Steel / Arnrnnni^i ft I Jrea / Mitrir / Ariinir / All jrnini jrn / HCFC-PP / DOS / Rernh I <

i ¦ r

n - r

WM
IO

Step (5) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Limestone and Dolomite

Use

Control Worksheet

The next inputs on the control worksheet are emission factors for limestone and dolomite
use, and magnesium produced from dolomite. Limestone (CaCCb) and dolomite
(CaMg(CC>3)2) are basic raw materials used by a wide variety of industries, including the
construction, agriculture, chemical, glass manufacturing, environmental pollution control,
and metallurgical industries such as magnesium (Mg) production.

Limestone and Dolomite Use Sector Worksheet

Production data for limestone and dolomite use, and magnesium production from dolomite
are required as inputs in the blue cells of the limestone and dolomite worksheet as
displayed in Figure 7. As an example, CO2 is emitted as a by-product from the reaction of
limestone or dolomite with impurities in the iron ore and fuels heated in a blast furnace.
Activity data for limestone and dolomite use by state is available from USGS (2022e).

The quantities of limestone consumed for industrial purposes, dolomite consumed for
industrial purposes, and magnesium produced from dolomite are multiplied by their
respective emission factors. The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon
equivalents (MTCE) to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E). For default
data, each state's total limestone consumption (as reported by USGS) is multiplied by the
ratio of national limestone consumption for industrial uses to total National limestone
consumption. Equation 4 shows this calculation for CO2 emissions from limestone and
dolomite use.

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Equation 4. Emission Equation for Limestone and Dolomite Use

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Consumption (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CO2/MT production)

Figure 7. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Limestone and Dolomite Use

Worksheet

E3 State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

I:S] File Edit Module Options

Type a question for help » . fl X

B C D E | F |

H I

1 1 J

|l m

0 | P | Q R a

4. Limestone and Dolomite Use in Colorado

Emissions from limestone and dolomite use result from industrial consumption. The quantities of limestone
consumed for industrial purposes, dolomite consumed for industrial purposes, and magnesium produced from
dolomite are multiplied by their respective emission factors. Industrial uses include the consumption of
limestone and dolomite for flux stone production, glass manufacturing, flue gas desulfurization (FGD), Mg
production through the thermic reduction of dolomite, chemical stone manufacturing, mine dusting or acid water
treatment, acid neutralization, and sugar refining. The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon
equivalents (MTCE)to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO-E). For default data, each state's total
limestone consumption (as reported by USGS) is multiplied by the ratio of national limestone consumption for
industrial uses to total national limestone consumption. Additional information on these calculations, including a
definition of industrial uses, is available in the Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

Return to
.Control Sheet

Consumption

Emission Factor

(t CO,ft production)

1990 Limestone
Dolomite

Magesium Production from Dolomite

1991 Limestone
Dolomite

Magesium Production from Dolomite

1992 Limestone
Dolomite

Magesium Production from Dolomite

Step (6)

Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Soda Ash Manufacture

and Consumption
Control Worksheet

Soda ash manufacture and consumption emission factors are required inputs on the control
worksheet in order to calculate emissions from this source. Although only three states
produced soda ash at the time of publication (Wyoming, California, and Colorado), all states
consumed it. Thus, all states should estimate CO2 emissions from soda ash consumption.

Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption Sector Worksheet

Production data for the manufacture and consumption of soda ash are required as inputs in
the blue cells of the soda ash manufacture worksheet as shown in Figure 8. Under the soda
ash production method used in some states, trona (an ore from which natural soda ash is
made) is calcined in a rotary kiln and chemically transformed into a crude soda ash that
requires further processing. CO2 and water are generated as a by-product of the calcination
process. CO2 is also released when soda ash is consumed in products such as glass, soap,
and detergents. Activity data for soda ash manufacture and consumption is available from
USGS (2020).

Emissions from soda ash manufacture and consumption are calculated by multiplying the
quantity of soda ash manufactured (Wyoming only) and the quantity of soda ash consumed
by their respective emission factors. The emissions are then converted from metric tons of

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carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as shown
in Equation 5.

Equation 5. Emission Equation for Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption

Emissions (MTCO2E) =
Manufacture/Consumption (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CO2/MT

production)

Figure 8. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Soda Ash Manufacture and

Consumption Worksheet

State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

SJ File Edit Module Options

Type a question for help

EL

F

H

J

L M

I

5. Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption in Colorado

Emissions from soda ash manufacture and consumption are calculated by multiplying the
quantity of soda ash manufactured (Wyoming only) and the quantity of soda ash
consumed by their respective emission factors. The emissions are then converted from
metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents
(MTCOtE). Additional information on these calculations is available in the Industrial
Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.



Return to
.Control Sheet

Check All Boxes

Manufacture and Consumption Emission Factor Emissions Emissions
	(Metric Tons)	(t CO,ft production) (MTCE)	(MTCQ,E)

* D(

* D(



=



9.493

=

34.808



Required Data



Input Cells

- D«

« be

W Ds

W Ds

P De

EH

Production Data?

Consumption Data?

Production Data?

Consumption Data?

Production Data?

Consumption Data?

Production Data?

Consumption Data?

Step (7) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Iron and Steel
Production

Control Worksheet

Emission factors for the following iron and steel production processes are required as inputs
on the control worksheet: Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at Integrated Mill with Coke Ovens,
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) at Integrated Mill without Coke Ovens, Electric Arc Furnace
(EAF), and open hearth furnace (OHF). In addition to being an energy intensive process,
the production of iron and steel also generates process-related emissions of CO2. It is
strongly advised that users enter state-specific information, as default data are based on
national averages and are not available for all years.

Iron and Steel Production Sector Worksheet

Activity data for the production of iron and steel are required as inputs in the blue cells of
the iron and steel worksheet displayed in Figure 9. The basic activity data needed are the
quantities of crude steel produced (defined as first cast product suitable for sale or further
processing) by production method. It is strongly advised that users enter state-specific
information, as default data are based on national averages, are not available for all years,

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January 2023

and are likely to be inaccurate for states. The national data are provided by the American
Iron and Steel (AISI) Annual Statistics Report 2010 (AISI 2011).

Emissions from iron and steel production are based on the state-level production data
assigned to production method based on the national distribution of production by method.
The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric
tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as shown in Equation 6.

Equation 6. Emission Equation for Iron and Steel Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Manufacture/Consumption (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CO2/MT production)

Figure 9. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Iron and Steel Production

Worksheet

E State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

Step (8) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Ammonia Manufacture
Control Worksheet

The emission factors for ammonia and urea production are the next required inputs on the
control worksheet. Emissions of CO2 occur during the production of synthetic ammonia,
primarily through the use of natural gas as a feedstock.

Ammonia Manufacture Sector Worksheet

Data for the production of ammonia and consumption of urea are required inputs in the blue
cells on the ammonia production worksheet, shown in Figure 10. Activity data for ammonia
manufacture by state is available from USGS (2022c). Activity data for urea consumption
by state is estimated based on state data from AAPFCO (2017) and TVA (1991 through
1994).

Emissions from ammonia production and urea consumption are calculated by multiplying the
quantity of ammonia produced and urea applied by their respective emission factors.
Emissions from urea consumption are subtracted from emissions due to ammonia

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January 2023

production. The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents
(MTCE) to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as shown in Equation 7 and
Equation 8.

Equation 7. Emission Equation for Ammonia Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of Ammonia (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CO2/MT
activity) - Emissions from Urea (MTCO2E)

Equation 8. Emission Equation for Urea Consumption

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Consumption of Urea (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CO2/MT activity)

Figure 10. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Ammonia Production and Urea

Consumption Worksheet

~ State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

: Sj File Edit Module Options



B | C |D| E | F | G | H | I | J | K I L | M | N| O |P| Q

1

7. Ammonia Production and Urea Consumption in Colorado

3

4

5





f Click here to find where \
V these data are avai lob le. J

Emissions from ammonia production and urea application are calculated by multiplying the
quantity of ammonia produced and urea applied by their respective emission factors.
Emissions from urea application are subtracted from emissions due to ammonia production.
The emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to metric
tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO^E). Additional information on these calculations
is available in the Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

\Control Sheet

Check All Boxes

Clear All Data





Production & Consumption Emission Factor Subract emissions Emissions
(Metric Tons) (mt CO,fmt activitg) from Urea (MTCE)

Emissions
(MTCOiE)

7

1990	Ammonia Production
Urea Consumption

1991	Ammonia Production
Urea Consumption

1992	Ammonia Production
Urea Consumption

1993	Ammonia Production
Urea Consumption

1994	Ammonia Production
Urea Consumption

¦ i -

1.2

•( | 3.071 | ) =



=





W Default Production Data?

8

4.206



0.73

=

837

3,071





















10





1.2

-( I 2.683 I ) =



¦¦

:





* Default Production Data?

11

3,67^

0.73



=



732
702

2.683







Required Data
Input Cells



13



1.2



I* Default Production Data?

14

3,525



2,573



















16



X

12

-( | 3.163 | ) =









Default Production Data?

17

4.3S#



0.73

=

863

3,163





















19



¦

1.2

-( | 2.871 | ) =



=





I* Default Production Data?

20

3.333

0.73

=

783

2,871



Step (9) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Nitric Acid Production
Control Worksheet

The emission factor for nitric acid production is the next required input for the control
worksheet. The production of nitric acid (HNO3) produces N2O as a by-product, via the
oxidation of ammonia. Nitric acid is a raw material used primarily to make synthetic
commercial fertilizer and is also a major component in the production of adipic acid (a
feedstock for nylon) and explosives.

Nitric Acid Production

Data for the amount of nitric acid produced, as well as the percent N2O released after
pollution control are inputs for the nitric acid worksheet as seen in Figure 11. Activity data
for nitric acid production is available from SRI 2000. The production of nitric acid (HNO3)

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

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January 2023

produces N2O as a by-product, via the oxidation of ammonia. During this reaction, N2O is
formed as a by-product and is released from reactor vents into the atmosphere. At present,
the nitric industry controls for oxides of nitrogen through two technologies: non-selective
catalytic reduction (NSCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Only one of these
technologies, NSCR, is effective at destroying N2O emissions in the process of destroying
NOx emissions.

Emissions from nitric acid production are calculated by multiplying the quantity of nitric acid
produced by an emission factor and by the percentage of N2O released after pollution
controls are considered. These emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon
equivalents (MTCE) to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as seen in
Equation 9.

Equation 9. Emission Equation for Nitric Acid Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of Nitric Acid (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT N2O/MT production) x
Percent N2O Released after Pollution Control x GWP N20

Figure 11. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Nitric Acid Production

Worksheet

E State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

i File Edit Module Options

~B~[cT

I M

8 Nitric Acid Production in Colorado

Emissions from nitric acid production are calculated by multiplying the quantity of
nitric acid produced by an emission factor and by the percentage of N-p released
after pollution controls are taken into account. These emissions are then converted
from metric tons of N^O to metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) and metric tons
of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO^). Additional information on these calculations
is available in the Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

Return to
Control Sheet

Clear All Data

Use Default Pollution
Control Factor (100%,
no pollution control)

Production
(Metric Tons)

Emission Factor
(t NiOft production)

Percent N,0
Released after
Pollution Control

Emissions
(Metric Tons NzO)

Emissions
(MTCE)

Emissions
(MTCQiE)

Step (10) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Adipic Acid Production
Control Worksheet

The emission factor for adipic acid production is required next on the control worksheet.
About 90 percent of all adipic acid produced in the United States is used in the production of
nylon 6,6, as well as production of some low-temperature lubricants. It is also used to
provide foods with a "tangy" flavor.

Adipic Acid Production Sector Worksheet

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January 2023

Data for the amount of adipic acid produced, as well as the percent N2O released after
pollution control are inputs for the adipic acid worksheet as seen in Figure 12. A dialogue
box will appear if adipic acid is not produced in your state. Note that plants may consider
this data confidential and could be reluctant to disclose it, in which case, states should use
the adipic acid production capacity data in the Chemical Market Reporter.

Adipic acid is produced through a two-stage process. The first stage involves the oxidation
of cyclohexane to form a cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol mixture. The second stage involves
the oxidation of ketone-alcohol with nitric acid. N2O is generated as a by-product of this
reaction and enters the waste gas stream. In the United States, this waste gas is treated to
remove NOx and other regulated pollutants (and, in some cases, N2O as well) and is then
released into the atmosphere.

Emissions from adipic acid production are calculated by multiplying the quantity adipic acid
produced by an emission factor and by the percentage of N2O released after pollution
controls are considered. These emissions are then converted from metric tons of N2O to
metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) and then metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalents (MTCO2E), shown in Equation 10.

Equation 10. Emission Equation for Adipic Acid Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of Adipic Acid (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT N2O/MT
production) x Percent N2O Released after Pollution Control x GWP N20

Figure 12. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Adipic Acid Production

Worksheet

E State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

: File Edit Module Options

I Type

B C

9. Adipic Acid Production in Colorado

Emissions from adipic acid production are calculated by multiplying the
quantity adipic acid produced by an emission factor and by the percentage
of NjD released after pollution controls are taken into account. These
emissions are then converted from metric tons of N/) to metric tons of
carbon equivalents (MTCE) and metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents
(MTCO;£). Additional information on these calculations is available in the
Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

return to Control
Sheet

Clear All Data

Use Default Pollution
Control Factor (100%,
no pollution control)

Production
(Metric Tons)

Emission Factor
(t NiOlt production)

Percent NtO
Released after
Pollution Control

Emissions
(Metric Tons NiO)

Emissions
(MTCE)

Emissions
(MTCOiE)

Step (11) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Aluminum Production
Control Worksheet

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January 2023

The emission factors for aluminum production are the next required inputs on the control
worksheet. The aluminum production industry is thought to be the largest source of two
PFCs - tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and hexafluoroethane (C2F6). Emissions of these two
potent greenhouse gases (GHGs) and CO2 occur during the reduction of alumina in the
primary smelting process.2 Emission factors are required as inputs on the control worksheet
for PFC emissions, CO2 emissions from Prebake technology, and CO2 emissions from
Soderberg technology.

Aluminum Production Sector Worksheet

Data for the production of aluminum are required in the blue cells of the aluminum
worksheet, shown in Figure 13. Activity data for aluminum production is available from
USGS (2021).

PFC emissions from aluminum production are calculated by multiplying the quantity of
aluminum produced during a year by the specific emission factor for that year. CO2
emissions from aluminum production are calculated by multiplying the quantity of aluminum
produced during a year by a weighted CO2 emission factor. The emission factor is weighted
by the percent of aluminum production using either Prebake or Soderberg technology. If
the percent of production by technology type is unknown, a default percentage is assumed
based on national data from the U.S. Inventory (U.S. EPA 2022a). It is strongly advised
that users enter state-specific information, as default data are based on national averages.

These emissions are then converted from metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) to
metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E), shown in Equation 11.

Equation 11. Emission Equation for Aluminum Production
Total Emissions (MTCO2E) = PFC Emissions (MTCO2E) + C02 Emissions (MTCO2E)

PFC Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of Aluminum (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT CE/MT production)

CO2 Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of Aluminum (metric tons) x [(Percent of Productionprebake x EFPrebake)
+ (Percent of Productionsederberg x EFS0derberg)] (MT CE/MT production)

2 Perfluorinated carbons are not emitted during the smelting of recycled aluminum.
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January 2023

Figure 13. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Aluminum Production

Worksheet

Step (12) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for HCFC-22 Production
Control Worksheet

The next emission factor required for the control worksheet is for HFC-23 emissions
resulting from HCFC-22 production, in metric tons of HFC-23 emitted per metric ton of
HCFC-22 produced.

HCFC-22 Production Sector Worksheet

HFC-23, one type of HFC, is known to be emitted in significant quantities as a by-product of
HCFC-22 production. Data for the production of HCFC-22 are required inputs in the blue
cells on the HCFC-22 production worksheet, shown in Figure 14. In order to obtain activity
data, in-state manufacturers of HCFC-22 should be consulted first. Additionally, the
Chemical Manufacturers Association (Washington, D.C.), Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy
(Arlington, VA), and Grant Thorton Consulting (Washington, D.C.) can be contacted for
information on state-by-state production numbers.

Emissions from HCFC-22 production are calculated by multiplying the quantity of HCFC-22
produced by an emission factor. The emissions are then converted from metric tons of
HFC-23 to metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) and then metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalents (MTCO2E) as in Equation 12.

Equation 12. Emission Equation for HCFC-22 Production

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Production of HCFC-22 (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT HFC-23/MT
production) x GWP of HFC-23

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January 2023

Figure 14. Example of Activity Data Applied in the HCFC-22 Production Worksheet

E State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

Step (13) Review Sector Worksheet for Consumption of Substitutes for Ozone-
Depleting Substances (ODS)

Control Worksheet

There are no emission factor inputs required for the consumption of substitutes for ozone-
depleting substances (ODS) as the calculations for this sector are performed on the sector-
specific worksheet. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are used primarily as alternatives to several
classes of ODS that are being phased out under the terms of the Montreal Protocol and the
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. ODSs, which include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are
used in a variety of industrial applications including refrigeration and air conditioning
equipment, aerosols, solvent cleaning, fire extinguishing, foam blowing, and sterilization.
Although their substitutes, HFCs, are not harmful to the stratospheric ozone layer, they are
powerful GHGs.

Consumption of ODS Sector Worksheet

There are no inputs required for this worksheet, though you are able to input your own
emissions estimates in the blue cells. You should review this worksheet to learn your
state's contribution to emissions resulting from the consumption of ODS substitutes. The
major end uses that consume substitutes for ozone-depleting substances include motor
vehicle air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration and air conditioning,
residential refrigeration and air conditioning, aerosols, solvent cleaning, fire extinguishing
equipment, foam production, and sterilization.

Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and SFe from ODS substitute production are estimated by
apportioning regional HFC emissions estimates to each state based on population, which is
consistent with the state disaggregation methodology used in the US GHG Inventory's state-
level emission estimates (U.S. EPA 2022b). State population data were provided by U.S.
Census Bureau (2021), and regional HFC emissions estimates were provided by Hu et al.

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

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January 2023

(2017). Because Hu et al. (2017) estimates cover the 48 contiguous States and the District
of Columbia, emissions estimates from the remaining States (Alaska and Hawaii) and other
territories (Puerto Rico) were derived strictly based on the State's or territory's population
compared to the national population for the full time series 1990-2020. The resulting state
emissions are then converted to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as
shown in Equation 13.

Equation 13. Emission Equation for Apportioning Emissions from the Consumption

of Substitutes for ODS

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

National ODS Substitute Emissions (MTCO2E) x Regional Emissions
Share (%) x [State Population / Regional Population]

Step (14) Review Sector Worksheet for Semiconductor Manufacture
Control Worksheet

There are no emission factor inputs required for semiconductor manufacture on the control
worksheet as the calculations for this sector are performed on the sector-specific worksheet.
The semiconductor industry employs multiple long-lived fluorinated gases in the plasma
etching and chemical vapor deposition processes. These include the PFCs CF4, C2F6, and
C3F8; HFC-23; NF3, and SF6. With present industry growth and the increasing complexity of
microchips, emissions from the semiconductor industry are expected to increase
significantly.

Semiconductor Manufacture Sector Worksheet

There are no inputs required for this worksheet. You should review this worksheet to learn
your state's contribution to emissions resulting from the manufacture of semiconductors.
The semiconductor industry employs multiple long-lived fluorinated gases in the plasma
etching and chemical vapor deposition processes and include PFCs CF4, C2F6, and C3F8; HFC-
23; NFs, and SFe.

Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, NF3, and SF6 from semiconductor production are estimated by
apportioning national emissions to each state. National emissions are multiplied by a ratio
of the value of a state's semiconductor shipments, as found in U.S. Census Bureau (1997,
2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017), to the value of national semiconductor shipments. The
resulting state emissions are then converted into metric tons of CO2 equivalents (MTCO2E)
as shown in Equation 14.

Equation 14. Emission Equation for Apportioning Emissions from Semiconductor

Manufacture

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

National Semiconductor Manufacture Emissions (MTCO2E) x [Value of State
Semiconductor Shipments / Value of National Semiconductor Shipments]

Step (15) Enter Emission Factors and Activity Data for Electric Power
Transmission and Distribution

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January 2023

Control Worksheet

The emission factor for electric power transmission and distribution is required on the
control worksheet. The largest use for SFe, both domestically and internationally, is as an
electrical insulator in electricity transmission and distribution equipment, such as gas-
insulated high-voltage circuit breakers, substations, transformers, and transmission lines.

Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Sector Worksheet

This worksheet requires inputs for the amount of SF5 consumed for electric power
transmission and distribution as shown in Figure 15. Activity data for electric transmission
and distribution are available from U.S. EPA (2022a) and EIA (2022).

The largest use for SFe, both domestically and internationally, is as an electrical insulator in
electricity transmission and distribution equipment, such as gas-insulated high-voltage
circuit breakers, substations, transformers, and transmission lines. The electric utility
industry uses the gas because of its high dielectric strength and arc-quenching abilities. Not
all of the electric utilities in the United States use SF6; use of the gas is more common in
urban areas where the space occupied by electrical distribution and transmission facilities is
more valuable.

Emissions from electric power transmission and distribution are calculated by multiplying
the quantity of SF6 consumed by an emission factor. The resulting emissions are then
converted from metric tons of SFe to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as
shown in Equation 15. The default assumption is that the emission factor is 1, i.e. all SF6
consumed is used to replace SFe that was emitted. Default activity data for this sector
equals national SFe emissions apportioned by state electricity sales divided by national
electricity sales.

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January 2023

Equation 15. Emission Equation for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

SF6 Consumption (metric tons SFe) x Emission Factor (MT SF6/MT Consumption) x

GWP of SF6

Figure 15. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Electric Power Transmission

and Distribution Worksheet

E State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

i SJj File Edit Module Options

Type a question

~B~lcT

14 Electric Power Transmission and Distribution in Colorado

Emissions from electric power transmission and distribution are calculated by multiplying the quantity of
SF6 consumed by an emission factor. The resulting emissions are then converted from metric tons of SFs
to metric tons of carbon equivalents (MTCE) and metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO^f). The
default assumption is that the emission factor is 1, i.e. all SF6 consumed is used to replace SF6 that was
emitted. Default activity data for this sector equals national SFs emissions apportioned by state electricity
sales divided by national electricity sales. Additional information on these calculations is available in the
Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

Return to
Control Sheet

Check All Boxes

SF1 Consumption Emission Factor Emissions

(Metric Tons) (t SFi It Consumption) (Metric Tons SF()

Emissions
(MTCE)

Emissions
(MTCOzE)

~ L

Required Data
Input Cells

JU " L

I* Default SF6 Consumption Data?
Default SF6 Consumption Data?

= | 298.4Q5~| f
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Module 6 - Industrial Processes Module

January 2023

emissions are calculated by multiplying the quantity of primary magnesium produced,
secondary magnesium produced, and magnesium cast during a given year by their
respective emission factors for the same year. The resulting emissions are then converted
from metric tons of SF6 to metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO2E) as shown in
Equation 16.

Equation 16. Emission Equation for Magnesium Production and Processing

Emissions (MTCO2E) =

Quantity of Magnesium Produced (metric tons) x Emission Factor (MT
SF6 /MT Magnesium) x GWP of SF6

Figure 16. Example of Activity Data Applied in the Magnesium Production and

Processing Worksheet

~ State Inventory Tool - Industrial Processes Module

File Edit Module Options

B C D

~rr

L M N 0

15. Magnesium Production and Processing in Colorado

Emissions from magnesium production and processing are emitted during the production of primary
magnesium, production of secondary magnesium, and casting of magnesium. The emissions are
calculated by multiplying the quantity of primary magnesium produced, secondary magnesium
produced, and magnesium cast during a given year by their respective emission factors for the same
year. The resulting emissions are then converted from metric tons of SF6to metric tons of carbon
equivalents (MTCE) and metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MTCO^). Additional information on
these calculations is available in the Industrial Processes Chapter of the User's Guide.

Return to
Control Sheet

Clear All Data

Magnesium
Production and
Processing

Emission Factor
(t SF1 It Magnesium)

Emissions
(Metric Tons SFs)

Emissions
{MTCE]

Emissions
(MTCQ,E)

Primary Production
Secondary Production f_
Casting

Primary Production
Secondary Production
Casting

0.0012

0.0010

0.0

041

Required Data
Input Cells

-"'i i i

O.C

Step (17) Review Summary Information

The steps above provide estimates of total CO2, N2O, and HFC, NF3, PFC, and SF6 emissions
from each IP sector. Total emissions are equal to sum of emissions from each of the fifteen
IP sectors, for each year. The information is collected by sector on the summary
worksheets. There is a summary worksheet in the IP module that displays results in
MMTCO2E. Additionally, the summary worksheet provides an overview of sources excluded
from the current emission estimates. Users should review this list to see if they wish to go
back and enter data for any of the omitted IP sectors. Figure 17 shows the summary
worksheet that sums the emissions from all sectors in the IP module.

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

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Module 6 - Industrial Processes Module

January 2023

Figure 17. Example of the Emissions Summary Worksheet in the IP Module

16. Colorado Emissions Summary (MTC02E)

Return to

Review discussion of uncertainty

\Control Sheet

associated with these results

Emissions were not calculated for the following sources: Aluminum Production, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia Production, Nitric Acid Production, Adipic Acid Production,

Magnesium Production, HCFC-22 Production, and Aluminum Production, PFCs.

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

199G

1997

1998

1999

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

356,405

437,687

490,282

742,724

741,138

635,382

624,003

1,459,499

1,401,585

1,301,270

Cement Manufacture

317,456

334,853

359,132

438,793

439,052

475,769

472,666

507,831

506,280

516,106

Lime Manufacture

65,349

93,343

264,698

249,213

100,295

89,483

87,200

88,587

85,700

Limestone and Dolomite Use

13,544

18,336

21,147

11,270

16,388

16,363

Soda Ash

35,879

34,801

35,234

36,070

36,458

38,339

38,154

39,109

39,952

39,681

Aluminum Production, COj

Iron & Steel Production

811,044

747,004

640,128

Ammonia Production

Urea Consumption

3,071

2,683

2,573

3,163

2,871

2,643

2,553

3,045

3,374

3,292

Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Nitric Acid Production

Adipic Acid Production

HFC, PFC, and SFt Emissions

330,428

323,958

342,392

408,924

516,723

769,708

943,876

1,111,476

1,229,040

1,373,418

~DS Substitutes

3,790

7,433

23,805

81,995

191,236

440,111

616,624

791,842

905,695

1,039,978

Semiconductor Manufacturing

64,282

80,352

88,388

111,654

123,9E

131,030

162,616

167,183

Magnesium Production

Electric Power Transmission and

Distribution Systems

262,357

252,243

254,305

246,577

237,099

217,943

203,264

188,604

160,730

166,257

HCFC-22 Production

Aluminum Production, PFCs

Total Emissions

686,833

761,645

832,673

1,151,647

1,257,861

1,405,090

1,567,879

2,570,975

2,630,625

2,674,688

Step (18) Export Data

The final step is to export the summary data. Exporting data allows the estimates from
each module to be combined later by the Synthesis Module to produce a comprehensive
GHG inventory for the state.

To access the "Export Data" button, return to the control worksheet and scroll down to step
17. Click on the "Export Data" button and c
message box will open that reminds the
user to make sure all steps of the module
have been completed. If you make any
changes to the IP module later, you will
then need to re-export the results.

Clicking "OK" prompts you to save the file.

The file is already named, so you only need
to choose a convenient place to save the
file. After the file is saved, a message box
will appear indicating that the data was successfully exported.

While completing the modules, you are encouraged to save each completed module; doing
so will enable you to easily make changes without re-running it entirely.

Following data export, the module may be reset and run for an additional state.
Alternatively, you may run the remaining modules of the SIT to obtain a comprehensive
profile of emissions for your state.

1.4 Uncertainty

In the upper right-hand corner of the Summary worksheet is a button: "Review discussion
of uncertainty associated with these results." By clicking on this button, you are taken to a

Note: the resulting export file should not be
modified. The export file contains a summary
worksheet that allows users to view the results, as well as
a separate data worksheet with an unformatted version of
the results. The second worksheet, the data worksheet,
contains the information that is exported to the Synthesis
Tool. Users may not modify that worksheet.
Adding/removing rows, moving data, or making other
modifications jeopardize the ability of the Synthesis
Module to accurately analyze the data.

State Greenhouse Gas Inventory Tool User's Guide for the IP Module

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Module 6 - Industrial Processes Module

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worksheet that discusses the uncertainty surrounding the activity data and emission factors,
and how the uncertainty estimates for this source category affect the uncertainty of the
emission estimates for your state.

1.5 References

AAPFCO. 2017. Commercial Fertilizers 2014. Association of American Plant Food Control
Officials and The Fertilizer Institute. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

AISI. 2011. 2010 Annual Statistical Report. American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington,
DC.

EIA. 2022. Detailed State Data 2021. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information
Administration. Washington, DC. Available at:
https://www.eia.aov/electricitv/data/state/

Hu, L., et al. 2017. Considerable contribution of the Montreal Protocol to declining

greenhouse gas emissions from the United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8075-8083,
doi: 10.1002/2017GL074388.

IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4:
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use. The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Programme, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [H.S. Eggleston, L.
Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, and K. Tanabe (eds.)]. Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.

SRI. 2000. 2000 Directory of Chemical Producers, United States of America. Stanford
Research Institute. Menlo Park, CA.

TVA. 1991 through 1994. Commercial Fertilizers. Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle
Shoals, AL.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United
States, Regions, States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July
1, 2019; April 1, 2020; and July 1, 2020 (NST-EST2020). U.S. Census Bureau,
Washington, DC. Available online at: http://www.census.aov.

U.S. Census Bureau. 1997. U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census for Semiconductors.
Washington, DC.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2002. U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census for Semiconductors.
Washington, DC.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census for Semiconductors.
Washington, DC.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2012. U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census for Semiconductors.
Washington, DC.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census for Semiconductors.
Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA. 2022a. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 - 2020.
Office of Atmospheric Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 430-R-22-

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003. Available online at: https://www.epa.aov/ahaemissions/inventorv-us-areenhouse-
aas-emissions-and-sinks

U.S. EPA. 2022b. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks By State: 1990 -
2020. Office of Atmospheric Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available
at:

https://www.epa.aov/svstem/files/documents/202208/StateGHGI Methodology Report
August 2022.pdf.

USGS. 2022a. Magnesium: Minerals Yearbook 2019. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:

https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/magnesium/index.html

USGS. 2022b. Lime: Minerals Yearbook 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/lime/index.html

USGS. 2022c. Nitrogen: Minerals Yearbook 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/nitrogen/index.html

USGS. 2022d. Cement: Minerals Yearbook 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/cement/

USGS. 2022e. Crushed Stone: Minerals Yearbook 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:

https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/stone crushed/index.html

USGS. 2021. Aluminum: Minerals Yearbook 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/aluminum/index.html

USGS. 2020. Soda Ash: Mineral Industry Survey 2020. U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals
Information Service. Reston, VA. Available online at:
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commoditv/soda ash/index.html

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