PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Chemical Safety and
Pollution Prevention
Draft Risk Evaluation for Perchloroethylene
(Ethene, l,l»2,2-Tetrachloro)
Systematic Review Supplemental File:
Consumer and General Population Exposure
Monitoring Data Extraction Tables
CASRN: 127-18-4
CI CI
CI CI
April 2020, DR4FT
1
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Monitoring Data Extracted for Perc for Indoor Air, Personal Breathing Zone, Surface Water, and Wastewater
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Indoor Air (ng/m3)
US
Michigan (south-
east)
Commercial/Public
Office area of
commercial
buildings (n=4),
including two art
museums, a
university building
and a tire
store/auto service.
Stationary samples
collected from
breathing height.
2005-
2008
5(0.8)
0.002
ND to 39.7
8.02 (mean);
0.1 (median)
0.91
2214330
{Jia, 2010,
2214330}
High
US
Detroit, Ml area
Residential
Homes (n=126)
with children with
asthma
2009-
2010
126
(0.91)
0.09
ND to 13.7
0.71 (mean);
0.26 (median)
2443355
{Chin, 2014,
2443355}
High
us
California
(statewide)
Commercial/Public
Furniture/hardware
stores (n=8)
2011-
2013
58 (0.48)
0.32
0.32 to 22.2
5.6 (mean);
NR (median)
2535652
{W. R. Chan,
2014, 2535652}
High
us
California
(statewide)
Commercial/Public
Grocery stores
(n=S)
2011-
2013
76(0.32)
0.32
0.32 to 5.9
1 (mean);
NR (median)
2535652
{W. R. Chan,
2014, 2535652}
High
us
California
(statewide)
Commercial/Public
Apparel stores
(n=2)
2011-
2013
20(0.3)
0.32
0.32 to NR
0.2 (mean);
NR (median)
2535652
{W. R. Chan,
2014, 2535652}
High
us
Baltimore, MD
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
photocopy shop)
Personal samples
from breathing
zone. One from
each of the three
printing centers.
2000
4(1)
NR
0.678 to 3.39
2.04 (mean);
1.36 (median)
4.75
1953674
{Stefaniak, 2000,
1953674}
High
us
Baltimore, MD
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
photocopy shop)
Area samples from
2000
17 (0.94)
NR
ND to 21.7
2.04 (mean);
1.36 (median)
1953674
{Stefaniak, 2000,
1953674}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
different locations
within each of the
three printing
centers.
US
Elizabeth, NJ;
Houston, TX; and
Los Angeles, CA
Residential
Non-smoking
households (n=310)
1999-
2001
539 (NR)
0.21
NR
1.85 (mean);
0.82 (median)
7.29
2128575
{Su, 2013,
2128575}
Medium
US
CA (five regions)
Commercial/Public
Commercial
buildings (n= 37), 1
m from floor: Fleet
service / Gas
station
convenience store,
Dentist office /
Healthcare facility,
Grocery/
Restaurant, Hair
salon / Gym, Office,
Miscellaneous,
Retail
2011
40 (0.94)
0.22
ND to 118
NR (mean);
NR (median);
0.18 (GM)
1062239
{X. M. Wu, 2011,
1062239}
High
us
Southeast
Michigan
Residential
Homes (n = 15)
sampled in various
locations in the
home (upstairs,
downstairs)
2005
15 (0.73)
0.07
NR to 4.4
0.6 (mean);
NR (median)
1065558
{Batterman,
2007, 1065558}
High
us
Southeast
Michigan
Residential
Garages of
residences (n = 15)
2005
15 (0.33)
0.07
NR to 1.6
0.3 (mean);
NR (median)
1.7
1065558
{Batterman,
2007, 1065558}
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Garage of
residences
2004-
2005
16(0.81)
0.07
ND to NR
2.8 (mean);
0.3 (median)
3.4
1065844
{Dodson, 2008,
1065844}
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Apartment hallway
of residences
2004-
2005
10 (0.9)
0.07
ND to NR
1.9 (mean);
0.8 (median)
0.92
1065844
{Dodson, 2008,
1065844}
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
Basement of
residences
2004-
2005
52 (0.98)
0.07
ND to NR
1.7 (mean);
0.5 (median)
3.1
1065844
{Dodson, 2008,
1065844}
High
us
Boston, MA
Residential
2004-
83 (0.92)
0.07
ND to NR
1.9 (mean);
0.2
1065844
{Dodson, 2008,
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Interior room of
residences
2005
0.6 (median)
1065844}
US
Los Angeles
Residential
Homes (n=35) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the fall
2000
32(1)
0.15
0.6 to 6.8
1.8 (mean);
1.3 (median)
1.9
1066049
{S. N. Sax, 2004,
1066049}
High
US
Los Angeles, CA
Residential
Homes (n=40) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the
winter
2000
40(1)
0.15
0.7 to 11
2.3 (mean);
1.9 (median)
8.7
1066049
{S. N. Sax, 2004,
1066049}
High
us
New York, NY
Residential
Homes (n=41) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the
summer
1999
30 (0.78)
0.15
ND to 43
5.3 (mean);
2 (median)
13.1
1066049
{S. N. Sax, 2004,
1066049}
High
us
New York, NY
Residential
Homes (n=38) in
inner-city
neighborhood,
sampled in the
winter
1999
36(1)
0.15
0.8 to 78
6.7 (mean);
3.5 (median)
1.2
1066049
{S. N. Sax, 2004,
1066049}
High
us
Ann Arbor,
Ypsilanti, and
Dearborn
Michigan
Residential
Residences (n=159)
in industrial, urban,
and suburban cities
over two seasons
2004-
2005
252
(0.99)
0.02
ND to 27.8
0.93 (mean);
0.39 (median)
1488206
{Jia, 2008,
1488206}
Medium
us
CA
School
Early childhood
education facilities
(n=33) at sample
height of 1 m.
2010-
2011
33 (0.52)
NR
0.07 to 7.8
0.4 (mean);
0.1 (median);
0.1 (GM)
5.31
3453092
{T. Hoang, 2016,
3453092}
High
us
Southern
California
Commercial/Public
Gene Autry
Museum, sampled
in various areas (an
exhibit area,
1989
600 (NR)
NR
0.20 to 5.97
NR (mean);
NR (median)
235
28104
{Hisham, 1991,
28104}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
hallway near truck
delivery door, and
conservation room)
US
Southeast
Chicago
Residential
Urban homes
(n=10) sampled
over a 10-month
period. Stationary
samples were
collected from the
kitchen in the
breathing zone.
1994-
1995
48(1)
NR
0.54 to 13.1
2.61 (mean);
2.17 (median)
31210
{M. R. Van
Winkle, 2001,
31210}
High
US
NR
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
printmaking)
Printmaking art
studio at a
university (n =1).
Mechanically
vented second-
floor studio, with
area samples
collected near a
cleaning station
and in the middle
of the studio during
a printmaking
session.
2002
18 (<1)
NR
ND to NR
0.4 (mean);
0.18 (median)
1.2
49414
{Ryan, 2002,
49414}
High
us
NR
Commercial/Public
Non-art related
floor at a
university, three
floors above a
printmaking floor
with separate
ventilation (n =1).
Area samples
collected from
hallway.
2002
18 (<1)
NR
ND to NR
0.4 (mean);
0.18 (median)
8.1
49414
{Ryan, 2002,
49414}
High
us
Washington, DC
Coin Operated
1980
18(1)
NR
617 to 1357
882 (mean);
-
58127
{Howie, 1981,
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
area
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site A), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
Use of dry cleaning
machine low, but
dry-cleaned clothes
stored on site.
Large facility. Good
airflow.
NR (median)
58127}
US
Washington, DC
area
Coin Operated
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site C), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
Eight attendant
operated dry
cleaning machines
on-site. Good air
circulation because
of floor plan, front
door open at all
times.
1980
18(1)
NR
1696 to
18318
8820 (mean);
NR (median)
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
US
Washington, DC
area
Coin Operated
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site B), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
2 attendant
operated dry-
cleaning machines
on-site. Ventilation
and circulation
good, front door
1980
18(1)
NR
509 to 4749
2171 (mean);
NR (median)
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
open regularly.
US
Washington, DC
area
Coin Operated
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site D), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
Four customer-
operated dry-
cleaning machines
on-site. Limited air
circulation, but
front door open at
all times.
1980
18(1)
NR
3148 to 4206
39351
(mean); NR
(median)
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
US
Washington, DC
area
Coin Operated
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site E), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
Four attendant-
operated dry-
cleaning machines
on-site. Air-
conditioned site
with re-circulated
indoor air.
1980
18(1)
NR
12891 to
94985
58348
(mean); NR
(median)
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Washington, DC
area
Coin Operated
Laundry with Dry
Cleaning Machines
Laundry facility
(Site F), sampled at
6 to 7 ft above floor
at three locations.
Eight attendant-
operated dry
cleaning machines
on-site. Limited air
circulation because
of floor plan; front
door open at all
times.
1980
18(1)
NR
2239 to
21032
8820 (mean);
NR (median)
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
US
Denver, CO
Residential
Homes, occupied
(n=9)
1994
9 (0.89)
0.14
ND to 1.99
0.66 (mean);
0.33 (median)
2.63
78782
{Lindstrom,
1995, 78782}
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
School
Indoors in five
randomly selected
classrooms in each
school, during the
spring.
2000
113
(0.86)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.3 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
School
Indoors in five
randomly selected
classrooms in each
school, during the
winter.
2000
113
(0.96)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.3 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
Indoors in the
child's primary
residence, during
the spring.
2000
113
(0.95)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.4 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
Indoors in the
child's primary
residence, during
the winter.
2000
113
(0.98)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
0.5 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
MX
Mexico City
Metropolitan
Area
Residential
Homes
1998-
1999
30(1)
NR
NR to 43.6
5.5 (mean);
3 (median);
3.6 (GM)
56224
{Serrano-
Trespalacios,
2004, 56224}
High
CA
NR
Residential
Homes (n=12),
main floor
1986
12(1)
NR
1 to 171
28.1 (mean);
NR (median)
27974
{Chan, 1990,
27974}
Medium
CA
NR
Residential
Homes (n=6), main
floor
1987
6(1)
NR
2 to 18
6.2 (mean);
NR (median)
27974
{Chan, 1990,
27974}
Medium
IT
NR
Residential
Control Homes - 25
private homes with
individuals not
occupationally
exposed, but within
the same district
near the dry-
cleaners' homes.
1994
25(1)
1
ND to 16
3 (mean);
2 (median);
2 (GM)
21778
{Aggazzotti,
1994, 21778}
Medium
IT
Modena
Residential
Households (n=29)
with no association
with dry cleaning
establishments.
1992-
1993
58 (NR)
1
1 to 56
NR (mean);
6 (median);
0.006 (GM)
3
74875
{Aggazzotti,
1994, 74875}
High
NL
Ede and
Rotterdam
Residential
Suburban homes
built post WWII,
Inner-city homes
built prior to WWII,
and newer homes <
6 years old.
Samples collected
in living room.
1981-
1982
319(0.3)
2
ND to 205
NR (mean);
1 (median)
22186
{Lebret, 1986,
22186}
Medium
Fl
NR
Residential
Normal houses (not
"sick houses").
1995
50 (NR)
NR
ND to 5.65
0.46 (mean);
0.3 (median)
11
76241
{Kostiainen,
1995, 76241}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
50 "Normal
houses" in this
study.
Fl
NR
Residential
"Sick houses" -
houses in which
people complained
about the odor or
they had
symptoms, which
resembled WHO's
Sick Building
Syndrome
(headache, nausea,
irritation of the
eyes, mucous
membranes, and
the respiratory
system,
drowsiness,
fatigue, and
general malaise.
38 "sick houses" in
this study.
1995
7 (NR)
NR
0.19 to 29.8
4.86 (mean);
0.73 (median)
0.66
76241
{Kostiainen,
1995, 76241}
Medium
SG
nation-wide
School
Child-care centers
(n=104), sampled
from middle of the
classroom near the
breathing zone of
children
(approximately
0.5-0.7 m)
2007
84 (0.72)
0.6
ND to 8.5
NR (mean);
0.3 (median)
632758
{Zuraimi, 2008,
632758}
High
DE
Hamburg area
Vehicle (Near
Source: dry-
cleaning)
Dry-cleaned down
jacket placed into a
car.
1990
3(1)
NR
9300 to
24800
NR (mean);
NR (median)
713690
{Gulyas, 1990,
713690}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
SA
Kuwait
Residential
Houses (n=20),
sampled from living
room
1998
226
(0.93)
0.26
ND to NR
NR (mean);
NR (median)
1744157
{Bouhamra,
1999, 1744157}
Medium
FR
nation-wide
Residential
Main
dwellings(n=490),
samples collected
from bedroom.
2003-
2005
490
(0.84)
0.4
ND to 72.1
NR (mean);
1.3 (median)
733119
{Billionnet,
2011, 733119}
Medium
FR
Paris area
Residential
Homes (n=196) of
the PARIS birth
cohort with
sampling in the
infant bedroom at
1, 6, 9, and 12
months old..
Annual levels
averaged from hot
and cold seasonal
levels.
2003-
2007
177(1)
0.4
0.6 to 124.2
NR (mean);
2.3 (median);
2.8 (GM)
2128839
{Roda, 2013,
2128839}
Medium
FR
Paris area
Residential
Homes (n=196) of
the PARIS birth
cohort with
sampling in the
infant bedroom at
1, 6, 9, and 12
months old. Hot
season levels.
2003-
2008
177 (NR)
0.4
0.4 to 245
NR (mean);
2.1 (median);
2.4 (GM)
2128839
{Roda, 2013,
2128839}
Medium
FR
Paris area
Residential
Homes (n=196) of
the PARIS birth
cohort with
sampling in the
infant bedroom at
1, 6, 9, and 12
months old.. Cold
season levels.
2003-
2009
177(1)
0.4
0.6 to 59.2
NR (mean);
2.4 (median);
2.8 (GM)
15.8
2128839
{Roda, 2013,
2128839}
Medium
FR
nation-wide
Residential
2003-
98 (NR)
NR
NR
5.3 (mean);
10.6
2855333
{Brown, 2015,
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Dwellings with
clothes that have
been dry cleaned in
the previous 4
weeks. (n=94)
2005
NR (median);
2.5 (GM)
2855333}
FR
nation-wide
Residential
Dwellings without
clothes that have
been dry cleaned in
the previous 4
weeks. (n=447)
2003-
2005
456 (NR)
NR
NR
3.7 (mean);
NR (median);
1.1 (GM)
32.6
2855333
{Brown, 2015,
2855333}
Medium
RS
Novi Sad
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
photocopy shop)
Photocopy shop
(n=l) with a
desktop computer,
laptop computer, 2
copiers, and a
printer
2015
225
(0.64)
6.78
6.78 to 96342
4953 (mean);
6.78 (median)
3371701
{Kiurski, 2016,
3371701}
Medium
SG
NR
Commercial/Public
Office building
(n=l), 6 months old
with normal
occupancy and
steady state
ventilation system,
sampled in the
middle
2004
8 (NR)
NR
NR
2321 (mean);
NR (median)
78.5
3393192
{K. W. Tham,
2004, 3393192}
Low
DE
Essen and Borken
Residential
Residential homes,
collected in room
where inhabitants
spent the most
amount of time at a
height of 1.5 to 2
meters.
1996
229(1)
NR
0.03 to 7.33
2.21 (mean);
NR (median)
3561656
{Begerow, 1996,
3561656}
High
DE
Leipzig
Residential
Homes (n=85),
sampled from
1997-
1999
85 (NR)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
1.8 (median)
34460
{Lehmann, 2002,
34460}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
bedroom of infants
for 4 weeks after
birth.
EU
Sweden, Finland,
Estonia, Lithuania,
Belgium, UK,
France, Austria,
Germany, Poland,
Slovakia, Czech
Republic,
Hungary,
Romania,
Bulgaria, Serbia,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Italy, Portugal,
Malta, Greece,
Cyprus, and
Albania
School
Kindergartens
(n=25).
2014
25 (NR)
NR
ND to 6
1 (mean);
0.18 (median)
2
4440449
{Ec, 2014,
4440449}
High
EU
Sweden, Finland,
Estonia, Lithuania,
Belgium, UK,
France, Austria,
Germany, Poland,
Slovakia, Czech
Republic,
Hungary,
Romania,
Bulgaria, Serbia,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Italy, Portugal,
Malta, Greece,
Cyprus, and
Albania
School
Primary schools
(n=300).
2014
300 (NR)
NR
ND to 81
1 (mean);
0.18 (median)
2
4440449
{Ec, 2014,
4440449}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
EU
Sweden, Finland,
Estonia, Lithuania,
Belgium, UK,
France, Austria,
Germany, Poland,
Slovakia, Czech
Republic,
Hungary,
Romania,
Bulgaria, Serbia,
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Italy, Portugal,
Malta, Greece,
Cyprus, and
Albania
School
Primary schools
where teachers
participated
(n=106).
2014
106 (NR)
NR
ND to 31
1 (mean);
0.18 (median)
4440449
{Ec, 2014,
4440449}
High
CN
NR
Commercial/Public
Non-office
premises (n=10)
including one
library, one social
services center,
two customer
services centers,
two shopping
malls, two
recreational
building units, one
reception area and
one training center
under renovation.
1.1 m above the
floor level.
1998-
2000
10 (0.6)
0.3
ND to 10.9
3 (mean);
2.2 (median);
1.4 (GM)
9.2
824555
{Chao, 2001,
824555}
Medium
CN
NR
Commercial/Public
Office buildings
(n=10), 1.1 m
above the floor
1998-
2000
10 (0.6)
0.3
ND to 30.5
5.2 (mean);
1.8 (median);
1.9 (GM)
824555
{Chao, 2001,
824555}
Medium
CN
Shanghai
Residential
Eight residences
that had been
2015
8 (NR)
NR
NR
2.38 (mean);
0.72 (median)
0.15
3453725
{Dai, 2017,
3453725}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
renovated within
the previous year.
Three sampling
sites were used in
each participating
residence (the
living room,
bedroom, and
study).
JP
Shimizu, Shizuoka
Prefecture
Residential
Single-family
houses (n=25) in
industrial harbor
area, sampled in
the main living area
2001
25(1)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
NR (median);
0.16 (GM)
632484
{Ohura, 2006,
632484}
High
JP
Shimizu, Shizuoka
Prefecture
Residential
Single-family
houses (n=21) in
industrial harbor
area, sampled in
the main living area
2001
21(1)
NR
NR
NR (mean);
NR (median);
0.16 (GM)
0.33
632484
{Ohura, 2006,
632484}
High
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
30 houses'
bathrooms,
sampled for 4
consecutive 24
hour periods.
n=119
1995
119(1)
NR
0.363 to 22.5
2.56 (mean);
NR (median);
1.83 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
13 houses' living
rooms, sampled for
4 consecutive 24
hour periods. n=52
1995
52(1)
NR
0.294 to 8.13
1.42 (mean);
NR (median);
0.986 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
13 houses'
kitchens, sampled
for 4 consecutive
24 hour periods.
n=52
1995
52(1)
NR
0.295 to 8.25
1.17 (mean);
NR (median);
0.829 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Residential
1995
52(1)
NR
0.215 to 10.6
1.64 (mean);
-
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Tokyo
13 houses'
bedrooms, sampled
for 4 consecutive
24 hour periods.
n=52
NR (median);
0.998 (GM)
3545469}
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
13 houses'
bathrooms,
sampled for 4
consecutive 24
hour periods. n=52
1995
52(1)
NR
0.172 to 5.36
1.06 (mean);
NR (median);
0.774 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
30 houses' living
rooms, sampled for
4 consecutive 24
hour periods.
n=238
1995
238(1)
NR
0.292 to 57
3.69 (mean);
NR (median);
2.36 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
30 houses'
kitchens, sampled
for 4 consecutive
24 hour periods.
n=119
1995
119(1)
NR
0.339 to 30.8
3.03 (mean);
NR (median);
2.02 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
JP
Katsushika Ward,
Tokyo
Residential
30 houses'
bedrooms, sampled
for 4 consecutive
24 hour periods.
n=238
1995
238(1)
NR
0.358 to 71
4.24 (mean);
NR (median);
2.42 (GM)
3545469
{Amagai, 1999,
3545469}
Medium
Personal Breathing Zone (ng/m3)
US
IL, IN, OH, Ml,
MN, Wl (Great
Lakes Region)
Residential
Non-
institutionalized
persons residing in
households in six
states
1995-
1997
386
(0.61)
NR
ND to NR
31.9 (mean);
1.98 (median)
14003
{Clayton, 1999,
14003}
High
US
Columbus, OH
Residential
Non-smoking
women (n=24) with
non-smoking
1991
24 (NR)
NR
ND to 5.13
1.24 (mean);
0.7 (median)
1.46
22045
{Heavner, 1995,
22045}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
husbands
US
Columbus, OH
Residential
Non-smoking
(n=25) women with
smoking husbands
1991
25 (NR)
NR
ND to 3.78
0.89 (mean);
0.68 (median)
0.96
22045
{Heavner, 1995,
22045}
Medium
US
NR
Commercial/Public
(Near Source:
printmaking)
12 students and 1
faculty member in
university art
(printmaking)
studio.
Mechanically
ventilated second-
floor.
2002
90 (NR)
NR
ND to NR
0.7 (mean);
0.5 (median)
2.3
49414
{Ryan, 2002,
49414}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
NR
General
Personal VOC
exposures of 851
adults, who were
part of the NHANES
study (no
additional exclusion
criteria), sampled
via badge-type
passive exposure
monitors for 48-72
h. Additionally,
participants were
administered a
short questionnaire
regarding the
length of time they
wore their badge
and 30 other
questions on
factors potentially
related to VOC
exposures, e.g.,
contact with dry
cleaning, tobacco
smoke and gasoline
vapor over the past
several days.
1999-
2000
665
(0.69)
0.42
ND to 659
5.2 (mean);
0.7 (median);
1 (GM)
31.2
484177
{Jia, 2008,
484177}
High
US
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
In personal
breathing zones,
during the winter.
2000
113(1)
NR
NR
0.4 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
us
Minneapolis, MN
Residential
In personal
breathing zones,
during the spring.
2000
113
(0.97)
NR
NR
0.4 (median)
632310
{Adgate, 2004,
632310}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Minneapolis-St.
Paul, MN
General
Adults, non-
smoking (n=70)
living in three
neighborhoods:
(inner-
city/economically
disadvantaged,
blue-collar/near
manufacturing
plants, and
affluent)
1999
333(1)
NR
NR
27.8 (mean);
0.9 (median)
730121
{Sexton, 2007,
730121}
High
US
Elizabeth, NJ;
Houston, TX; and
Los Angeles, CA
General
Adults (n=309) and
children (n=118)
from 310 non-
smoking
households.
1999-
2001
544 (NR)
0.21
NR
7.17 (mean);
0.89 (median)
112.35
2128575
{Su, 2013,
2128575}
Medium
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Drug Stores (n=8)
2003
7 (NR)
0.22
0.45 to 2.16
0.86 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Furniture Stores
(n=ll)
2003
6 (NR)
0.22
0.49 to 6.35
1.34 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Grocery Stores
(n=16)
2003
12 (NR)
0.22
0.42 to 4.83
0.95 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Hardware Stores
(n=32)
2003-
2004
23 (NR)
0.22
0.22 to 21.1
1.79 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Housewares Stores
(n=16)
2003
7 (NR)
0.22
1.27 to 7.41
1.48 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Multipurpose
Stores (n= 24)
2003-
2005
43 (NR)
0.22
0.52 to 43.8
1.18 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Sporting Goods
Stores (n=14)
2003
7 (NR)
0.22
1.24 to 11.6
2.96 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Commercial/Public
2004
20 (NR)
0.22
0.24 to 83.4
NR
-
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Metropolitan
Area
Dining Stores
(n=20)
2442846}
US
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Transportation
Stores(n=5)
2003-
2004
21 (NR)
0.22
0.32 to 5.17
0.78 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
US
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Department Stores
(n=10)
2004
5 (NR)
0.22
1.27 to 4.89
2.04 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
Greater Boston
Metropolitan
Area
Commercial/Public
Electronics Stores
(n=9)
2004
7 (NR)
0.22
ND to 8.49
0.47 (GM)
2442846
{Loh, 2006,
2442846}
High
us
CA and NJ
General
Adults conducting
normal daily
activities
1981-
1984
772 (NR)
0
NR
5.6 to 45
(mean)
23081
{Wallace, 1986,
23081}
High
us
NR
Mixed Use
NHANES study
measured
exposures on
adults aged 20-59
years to TCE.
Participants wore
passive exposure
monitors.
Returned 2-3 days
later at which time
a short survey was
administered
regarding activities
potentially related
to exposures.
1999-
2000
633
(0.686)
NR
0.1 to 659.1
0.7 (median);
1 (GM)
2331366
{D'Souza, 2009,
2331366}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
MX
Mexico City
Metropolitan
Area
General
General - different
activity patterns:
Three individuals
from each family
were selected to
represent different
activity patterns: a
long commuter,
another engaged in
some activities
outside the home
during the day but
with no routine
long commutes,
and one staying at
or near the home
most of the day
1998-
1999
90(1)
NR
NR to 84.4
5.9 (mean);
3.7 (median);
4.1 (GM)
9.9
56224
{Serrano-
Trespalacios,
2004, 56224}
Low
Indoor Air, Personal Breathing Zones, and Breath from Exposure Studies with Dry-Cleaned Textiles (|jg/m3)
US
Bayonne and
Elizabeth, NJ
Residential
Indoor air of living
rooms and
bedrooms of nine
homes with two to
ten sets of dry-
cleaned clothes
were brought into
the homes.
NR
18
NR
NR to 297
NR
28307
{Thomas, 1991,
28307}
High
US
Bayonne and
Elizabeth, NJ
Residential
Personal air two to
ten sets of dry-
cleaned clothes
were brought into
the homes.
NR
7
1
NR to 303
NR
28307
{Thomas, 1991,
28307}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
US
Bayonne and
Elizabeth, NJ
Residential
Exhaled breath,
two to ten sets of
dry-cleaned clothes
were brought into
the homes.
NR
7
1
NR to 303
NR
28307
{Thomas, 1991,
28307}
High
US
NR
Residential
Single story
residential house
with dry-cleaning
placed in closet.
Samples collected
from the closet.
NR
NR
1
NR
100-2,900
(daily avg)
27401
{Tichenor, 1990,
27401}
High
us
NR
Residential
Single story
residential house
with dry-cleaning
placed in closet.
Samples collected
from the bedroom.
NR
NR
1
NR
20-195 (daily
avg)
27401
{Tichenor, 1990,
27401}
High
us
NR
Residential
Single story
residential house
with dry-cleaning
placed in closet.
Samples collected
from the den.
NR
NR
1
NR
10-80 (daily
avg)
27401
{Tichenor, 1990,
27401}
High
us
Washington, DC
Residential
In late summer;
Private home in
rural residential
area. Samples
collected over 7
days after placing
dry-cleaned
clothing in the
house.
1980
7(1)
NR
42.0 to 692
NR
58127
{Howie, 1981,
58127}
High
us
NR
Automobile
Modeled air
concentration in
NR
NR
NR
NR to 2,300
NR
85812
{Park, 1998,
85812}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
vehicle with dry-
cleaned jacket.
DE
NR
Automobile
Car with a dry-
cleaned down
jacket placed in the
car.
1990
3(1)
NR
9,300 to
24,800
NR
713690
{Gulyas, 1990,
713690}
Medium
CN
Hong Kong
Residential
Home (Site A) with
dry cleaned clothes
in closet of urban
5th floor apartment
bedroom.
1996
28(1)
NR
4.6 to 76
NR
3559311
{Chao, 1999,
3559311}
Medium
CN
Hong Kong
Residential
Home (Site B) with
dry cleaned clothes
in closet of
suburban 2nd floor
apartment
bedroom.
1996
28(1)
NR
21 to 494
NR
3559311
{Chao, 1999,
3559311}
Medium
CN
Hong Kong
Residential
Home (Site C) with
dry cleaned clothes
in closet of urban
10th floor
apartment
bedroom.
1996
28(1)
NR
0.93 to 100
NR
3559311
{Chao, 1999,
3559311}
Medium
JP
NR
Residential
Homes in Japan,
dry cleaned clothes
sampled in chest of
drawers.
NR
9(1)
NR
2.9 to 326.6
NR
3563210
{Kawauchi,
1989, 3563210}
Medium
JP
NR
Residential
Homes in Japan,
dry cleaned clothes
sampled in same
room as chest of
drawers.
NR
6(1)
NR
1.3 to 7.4
NR
3563210
{Kawauchi,
1989, 3563210}
Medium
Surface Water (|Jg/L)
US
Anchorage, AK
Background
1998-
11(0)
0.2
All ND
ND
NR
3975042
{Usgs, 2006,
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Chester Creek (6
urban sampling sites)
2001
3975042}
US
Nation-wide
Background
Surface water for
drinking water
sources (rivers and
reservoirs)
1999-
2000
375
(0.008)
0.2
ND to 5.5
NR
NR
3975046
{Usgs, 2003,
3975046}
Medium
US
Nation-wide
Surface water for
drinking water
sources (rivers and
reservoirs)
1999-
2000
375
(0.0027)
0.2
ND to 2.6
NR
NR
3975046
{Usgs, 2003,
3975046}
Medium
US to CL
NR
Background
Eastern Pacific Ocean
(California, US to
Valparaiso, Chile)
1979-
1981
30 (0.90)
0.0001
ND to 0.0028
0.7 (mean);
0.0004
(median)
0.0007
29192
{Singh, 1983,
29192}
Medium
US to CL
NR
Eastern Pacific Ocean
(California, US to
Valparaiso, Chile)
1979-
1981
30 (0.93)
0.0004
ND to 0.008
0.0031
(mean)
0.0032
29192
{Singh, 1983,
29192}
Medium
BR
NR
Background
Santo Antonio da
Patrulha, Tres
Coroas, and Parobe
in the Sinos River
Basin; River samples
collected from seven
points on the three
main rivers of the
Sinos River Basin
2012-
2013
60
(0.083)
NR
ND to 0.8
0.03 (mean)
NR
3489827
{Bianchi, 2017,
3489827}
Medium
BR
NR
Santo Antonio da
Patrulha, Tres
Coroas, and Parobe
in the Sinos River
Basin; River samples
collected from seven
points on the three
main rivers of the
Sinos River Basin
2012-
2013
60 (0.72)
NR
ND to 0.0588
0.0019
(mean)
NR
3489827
{Bianchi, 2017,
3489827}
Medium
CN
NR
Background
Yellow Sea and East
China Sea (53
2011
53(1.0)
NR
0.00022 to
0.0051
0.0019
(mean)
NR
2128010
{He, 2013,
2128010}
High
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
stations)
CN
NR
Background
Daliao River (n=20
sites), heavily
industrialized
2011
20(0.1)
NR
NR to 0.11
0.016 (mean)
NR
3488897
{Ma, 2014,
3488897}
High
CN
NR
Background
East China Sea;
Seawater (41
stations)
2010
41(1)
NR
0.000065 to
0.0015
0.0004
(mean)
NR
1940132
{He, 2013,
1940132}
High
ES
North-Western area
Background
River Duero (11
stations)
2007
11 (NR)
NR
NR to 0.09
0.01 (mean)
NR
3501965
{Blanco, 2010,
3501965}
Medium
GB
NR
Background
Irish Sea; Liverpool
Bay and River Mersey
(18 stations)
2006
18 (NR)
0.000025
ND to 0.0455
NR
NR
2277377
{Bravo-Linares,
2007, 2277377}
Medium
RU
NR
Background
Kalmykian Steppe;
Rivers, springs, lakes,
salt lakes (n=23);
polluted and remote
areas
1999-
2003
23 (0.83)
0.005
ND to 310
24.6 (mean)
81.8
104106
{Weissflog,
2004, 104106}
Medium
PT
Nation-wide
Background
sea, estuarine, river
water and industrial
effluents (46 water
sample locations)
1999-
2000
644
(0.20)
0.4
ND to 13
NR
NR
659075
{Martinez, 2002,
659075}
Medium
BE
NR
Background
Southern North Sea;
Southern Bight,
Belgian Continental
Shel, the mouth of
the Scheldt estuary,
and the Channel (10
stations total)
1998-
2000
47 (NR)
NR
NR to 0.28
0.023 (mean);
0.0015
(median)
NR
660096
{Huybrechts,
2005, 660096}
High
EU
NR
Background
Estuaries of the
Scheldt (n=2),
Thames, Loire, Rhine
1997-
1999
73 (NR)
0.000099
ND to 1.2
NR
NR
3242836
{Christof, 2002,
3242836}
High
EU
NR
Estuaries of the
1997-
73(1)
NR
0.0003 to 4.98
NR
NR
3242836
{Christof, 2002,
High
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
Scheldt (n=2),
Thames, Loire, Rhine
1999
3242836}
GR
Northern Greece
Background
Rivers (n=4) and
lakes (n=5). Rivers
sampled at the
estuary and near the
frontier.
Lakes - Vegoritida,
Volvi, Vistonida,
Large Prespa and
Small Prespa. Rivers -
Evros, Nestos,
Strimonas, and Axios
1996-
1998
104 (NR)
0.02
ND to 0.19
NR
NR
1024859
{Kostopoulou,
2000, 1024859}
High
JP
Osaka
Background
Rivers in heavily
industrialized area
(n=10 stations).
Wastewater
treatments upstream
from the sampling
sites.
1995-
1997
106
(0.85)
NR
0.47 to 86.2
4.83 (mean);
2.44 (median)
9.32
2310570
{Yamamoto,
2001, 2310570}
Medium
FR
Paris
Background
River samples (raw)
collected from the
River Seine (n=14
stations), River
Marne (n=l station)
and River Oise (n=l
station). Wastewater
treatment plants are
located on the river.
1994-
1995
43(1)
NR
0.068 to 1.037
0.31 (mean);
0.196
(median)
0.248
3587944
{Duclos, 2000,
3587944}
Medium
FR
Paris
River samples (raw)
collected from the
River Seine (n=14
stations), River
Marne (n=l station)
and River Oise (n=l
station). Wastewater
1994-
1995
43(1)
NR
0.016 to 4.92
1.004 (mean);
0.473
(median)
1.218
3587944
{Duclos, 2000,
3587944}
Medium
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
treatment plants are
located on the river.
JP
Osaka
Rivers and estuaries
(30 sites) in
industrialized city
1993-
1995
136 (NR)
NR
NR to 134
1.7 (median)
NR
645789
{Yamamoto,
1997, 645789}
High
BE
NR
Background
Southern North Sea
and Scheldt Estuary;
Seven sites in the
southern North Sea
and Scheldt Estuary.
1994-
1995
38 (NR)
NR
NR
0.00268
(median)
NR
644857
{Dewulf, 1998,
644857}
High
EU
NR
Background
Mersey Estuary;
Freshwater input
collected from the
Howley Weir.
1987-
1989
5 (NR)
NR
NR
0.6 (mean);
0.6 (median)
NR
2802879
{Rogers, 1992,
2802879}
Medium
GR
Thermaikos and
Kavala, Northern
Greece
Background
Seawater collected
from Thermaikos
Gulf (6 stations; near
large city and
industrial area) and
Kavala Gulf stations
(4 stations; near
small city and off-
shore oil-wells).
1981-
1982
10(1)
NR
0.00027 to
0.003
0.00131
(mean);
0.00116
(median)
0.00099
4149731
{Fytianos, 1985,
4149731}
Low
CH
Background
Background
River Aare; River
samples collected at
River Aare.
1980-
1981
12 (NR)
NR
NR
0.24 (mean)
0.12
3797825
{Schwarzenbach,
1983, 3797825}
Medium
CH
Background
Background
River Glatt; River
samples collected at
River Glatt.
1979-
1980
16 (NR)
NR
NR
0.6 (mean)
0.70
3797825
{Schwarzenbach,
1983, 3797825}
Medium
GB
NR
Background
Estuaries, docks,
channels, bays, and
inshore (n=48)
1992
48 (0.44)
NR
0.01 to 0.274
0.04491
(mean);
0.0125
(median)
0.0645
2803418
{Dawes, 1994,
2803418}
Medium
SE
Stenungsund area
Background
Seawater (n=13
1988
52 (NR)
NR
NR
0.0025
(mean)
NR
658636
{Abrahamsson,
1989, 658636}
Medium
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PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
stations), sampled on
two occasions
(depths of 1-10 m) in
area of
petrochemical centre
GB
NR
Background and Near
Facility (Ship Tanker
Cleaning Operations)
North Sea; North
Sea: 32 sampling
stations in the
Thames, Humber,
Tees, Forth, and
Felixstowe (0 to 20
miles from shore)
and the Central
North Sea (distance
from shore not
provided). Tank
cleaning operations
at North Sea ports.
1986
32 (0.47)
0.002
ND to 0.16
15 (mean);
0.002
(median)
0.037
4149734
{Hurford, 1989,
4149734}
Medium
IT
Emilia-Romagna
region
Background
Canal (n=l) which
receives wastewater.
1984
6 (0.574)
NR
18 to 168
136 (mean)
NR
4149721
{Aggazzotti,
1986, 4149721}
Low
AQ
NR
Background
Northern Victoria
Land; Five lakes
(Carezza Lake,
Edmonson Point
Lakes, Tarn Flat Lake,
Inexpressible Island
Lake and Gondwana
Lake)
2011-
2012
6(1)
NR
0.0056 to
0.0166
0.0097
(mean)
0.0038
2800175
{Insogna, 2014,
2800175}
High
AQ
NR
Background
Ross Sea
1997-
1998
48 (NR)
NR
0.0002 to 0.071
0.02 (mean);
0.0056
(median)
0.023
2189687
{Zoccolillo, 2004,
2189687}
Medium
AQ
NR
Background
Lakes at Tarn Flat
and Edmonson Point;
Two freshwater lakes
1998
4 (NR)
NR
0.0023 to
0.0041
0.0032
(mean);
0.0031
(median)
0.0007
2189687
{Zoccolillo, 2004,
2189687}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
AQ
NR
Background
Lake water collected
from 3 sites (Carezza
Lake, Tarn Flat,
Inexpressible Island
at altitude m 100)
and Ice water
collected from 3 sites
(Corner Glacier,
Edmonson Point,
Onyx River)
1988-
1989
6 (NR)
NR
0.0011 to
0.0099
NR
NR
3544414
{Zoccolillo, 1994,
3544414}
Medium
AQ
NR
Background
Lake water collected
from 5 sites (Carezza
Lake, Edmonson
Point at altitude m
190, Tarn Flat,
Inexpressible Island
at altitude m 100 &
altitude m 50) and
Ice water collected
from 3 sites (Corner
Glacier, Inexpressible
Island, Wood Bay)
1989-
1990
8 (NR)
NR
0.0014 to
0.0043
NR
NR
3544414
{Zoccolillo, 1994,
3544414}
Medium
AQ
NR
Background
Lake water collected
from 5 sites (Carezza
Lake, Edmonson
Point at altitude m
190 & altitude m 20,
Tarn Flat,
Inexpressible Island
at altitude m 100)
and Sea water
collected from 1 site
(Icarus Field)
1990-
1991
6 (NR)
NR
0.0002 to
0.0011
NR
NR
3544414
{Zoccolillo, 1994,
3544414}
Medium
Wastewater (|Jg/L)
KR
Nation-wide
Near Facility
(industrial WWTPs)
Influent/Effluent
2012
81 (NR)
1
1 to 23
1 (median)
3580141
{Lee, 2015,
3580141}
Medium
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT. DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE.
Country
State/City/Region
Site
Year
No. of
Samples
(Det.
Freq.)
Detection
Level
Concentration
Reference (HERO ID)
Range
Central
Tendency
Standard
Deviation
HERO
Citation
Data
Eval.
Score
KR
Nation-wide
Near Facility
(industrial WWTPs)
Effluent
2012
81 (0)
1
ND
3580141
{Lee, 2015,
3580141}
Medium
Biota (ng/kg)
BE
Nation-wide
Background
Eel, skin
2003
20(0.5)
0.1
0.1 to 89
13.4 (mean);
0.78 (median)
NR
1066543
{Roose, 2003,
1066543}
Medium
Study Info: The information provided includes the HERO ID and citation; country and year samples collected; number of samples and detection frequency.
Abbreviations: If a value was applicable, it is shown in this table as ND = not detected at the reported detection limit; GM = geometric mean; NR = not reported.
The following abbreviations are for countries/continents: AQ = Antarctica, BE = Belgium, BR = Brazil, CA = Canada, CH = Switzerland, CL = Chile, CN = China, DE = Germany, ES = Spain, EU = Europe, Fl
= Finland, FR = France, GB = Great Britain, GR = Greece, IT = Italy, JP = Japan, KR = Korea, MX = Mexico, NL = Netherlands, PT = Portugal, RS = Serbia, RU = Russia, SA = Saudi Arabia, SE = Sweden, SG
= Singapore, US = United States.
Parameters: All statistics are shown as reported in the study. All minimum values determined to be less than the detection limit are shown in this table as "ND". If a maximum value was not
provided, the highest percentile available is shown (as indicated in parentheses); if a minimum value was not provided, the lowest percentile available is shown (as indicated in parentheses).
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