vyEPA

Removal Action Update

Chevron Questa Mine Superfund Site

Environmental Protection Taos County, New Mexico	June 2012

Agency

This Fact This Sheet will tell you about.

•	June 5, 2012 - Open House

•	Current Actions

•	Next steps

•	Questions and Answers

•	Site Description and History

•	Where to get more information

Open House

There will be an Open House on June 5, 2012,
from 5:00-8:00 p.m. at the Carson National
Forest Questa Ranger Station, State Road 150,
Questa, New Mexico. The open house will be on
an informal come-and-go basis. Community
members can ask questions about the Chevron
Questa Mine Superfund Site and the upcoming
Removal Action work. The work is further
described in this Fact Sheet.

This Meeting is being held in a fully accessible
facility. Should you have specific needs or
questions about the facility, please contact
Janetta Coats, Community Involvement
Coordinator, at (214) 665-7308 or toll-free (800)
533-3508.

CURRENT ACTIONS

On March 7, 2012, the EPA Superfund Division
Director and the Chevron Mining Inc. (CMI)
President jointly signed an Administrative Order on
Consent under which CMI will conduct Removal
Actions to address mining-related contamination at
the Chevron Questa Mine Superfund Site located
near the Village of Questa in Taos County, New
Mexico. The specific Removal Actions to be
conducted are:

Mill Area

•	Installation of inlet storm water controls at
Eagle Rock Lake, removal of Eagle Rock
Lake sediment, and on-Site disposal of the
excavated material;

•	Removal of polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB)-contaminated soil in the Mill Area
and off-Site treatment/disposal of the
excavated soil;

•	Piping of unused irrigation water in the
Eastern Diversion Channel to prevent its
infiltration through historic buried tailing in
the Tailing Facility Area; and

•	Removal of historic tailing spill deposits
along the Red River Riparian Area,
including the large tailing pile at the Lower
Dump Sump and on-Site disposal of the
excavated material at the Tailing Facility
Area.

These actions are the first of many components of
the remedy selected for this site as outlined in the
EPA December 20, 2010 Record of Decision
(ROD). These actions will address the risk from
exposure to PCB contaminated soil, the risk to
wildlife along the Red River, and ecological risk
from Eagle Rock Lake sediments.


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This is the first fact sheet being sent out for the
Removal Actions. EPA will provide periodic
updates as the work progresses.

NEXT STEPS

Work planned for completion in Summer through
Winter 2012 includes installation of inlet storm
water controls at Eagle Rock Lake, removal of PCB
contaminated soils in the Mill Area, and
construction of piping to re-route unused irrigation
water in the Easter Diversion Channel.

Work is estimated to start in late June or early July.
The work will start with the installation of the inlet
control structure. This structure will be installed to
reduce the amount of sediment entering the lake
during storm events. Excavation of the Eagle Rock
Lake sediments is currently planned for Summer
2013 after completion of work being conducted at
Cabresto Lake by the New Mexico State Engineers
Office.

Removal of PCB-contaminated soil in the Mill Area
is estimated to start in mid-July. The soil will be
excavated and confirmation soil samples will be
collected and analyzed to make sure that required
cleanup levels are met. The excavated soil will be
staged at a location at the Mill Area. If cleanup
levels are not met, additional soil will be excavated.
PCB-impacted soils will be treated and/or disposed
at appropriate EPA approved off-site facilities. The
excavated areas will be backfilled with clean soil
and the area regraded for proper drainage.

Work to place piping along a portion of the Eastern
Diversion Channel to prevent unused irrigation
water from infiltrating through historic buried
tailing in the Tailing Facility Area is estimated to
start in October 2012. The Fall of 2012 is an
optimum time for this work due to work on
Cabresto Lake and a reduction in the amount of
water in the irrigation channel. Less water makes
construction of this project more manageable. A
plume of ground water impacted by molybdenum
has developed due to unused irrigation water in the
channel that comes into contact with historic buried
tailing beneath the channel. A pipeline in the
channel bottom will be constructed to divert the
irrigation return water past the buried tailing. This
will dry up the area of historic buried tailing and

should reduce molybdenum concentrations in
ground water.

Work to cleanup historic tailing spill deposits is
estimated to start in the Spring of 2013. During the
operation of the tailing pipeline, leaks developed in
the pipeline which resulted in tailing spilling onto
the adjacent ground. Most of the spills occurred
prior to completing installation of a rubber-lined
pipe in 1991. The historic tailing spills are located
primarily in the current and historic pipeline areas
along the Red River floodplain and are identified in
three general areas: catchment areas or open areas,
along the existing pipeline or the historic pipeline,
and in forested areas. The historic tailing spills
were identified and sampled as part of the site
reconnaissance in 2004.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Question: Why is the sediment in Eagle Rock Lake
being cleaned up?

Answer: Eagle Rock Lake sediment may harm the
benthic macroinvertebrate populations (aquatic
insects and other invertebrates) due to exposure to
elevated concentrations of cadmium, copper,
manganese, nickel, and zinc. High concentrations
of aluminum also appear to contribute to physical
degradation of benthic habitats by forming a gel-
like substance that coats the bottom substrates.
Benthic macroinvertebrates are considered
important because they serve as a major food source
for fish.

Question: Are the fish in Eagle Rock Lake safe to
eat?

Answer: Yes, the fish in Eagle Rock Lake are safe
to eat. The rainbow trout in Eagle Rock Lake are
stocked by the Red River State Fish Hatchery.

Question: Will I be able to fish Eagle Rock Lake
during cleanup work?

Answer: Fishing will be allowed during the initial
phase of work scheduled to be completed in 2012.
The work will focus on automating the existing
water inlet control structure and will not
substantially affect the operation of the lake. Please
note that this area will be an active construction
zone and access will be temporarily limited in
appropriate areas. Recreational use (fishing) would
be lost during and for a period of time after the
sediment removal activities until clarity of the water
improves, suspended sediment settles, and the lake


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is restocked with rainbow trout. The sediment
removal activities are currently estimated to occur
during the Summer of 2013.

Question: What will happen to the fish in Eagle
Rock Lake during sediment removal?

Answer: Work will be coordinated with the New
Mexico Department of Game and Fish and the Red
River State Fish Hatchery prior to the start of
dredging activities for possible fish salvage and/or
opportunities for potential enhancements to fish
habitat.

Question: Where will the Eagle Rock Lake
sediments be taken and by what route?

Answer: Disposal options for Eagle Rock Lake
sediments are currently be evaluated. The EPA
Record of Decision requires that the sediments be
disposed of at an appropriate on-Site facility.

Question: What are PCBs?

Answer: PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are
mixtures of chlorinated compounds that were
commonly used as coolants and lubricants in
electrical equipment until the late 1970s. PCBs are
man-made chemicals that can be either oily liquids
or solids. PCBs last a long time in the soil and are
not readily broken down by natural processes.

Question: What are the health effects of PCBs?
Answer: Workers who made PCBs and were
exposed to very high concentrations during the
manufacturing process experienced skin problems
including severe acne and rashes. Mothers with a
high dietary intake of PCBs are more likely to have
children with behavioral and immune system
problems. PCBs cause cancer in lab animals
exposed over for long time. The EPA considers
PCBs to be a probable human carcinogen.

Question: Where are PCBs located at the mine site
and how did they get there?

Answer: Testing shows that PCBs are located only
on mine property and are mostly confined to an area
around the mill. It appears that the soil at the mill
was contaminated by soil moved from the electrical
transformer storage area.

Question: Should mine workers do anything
differently to protect themselves from PCBs?
Answer: General handling precautions should
include frequent hand washing, and no food, drink,

tobacco use, or makeup application in contaminated
areas. The mine's safety and industrial hygiene
group should first review areas where workers are
moving or digging soil in the mill area.

Question: Who should I talk to if I need more
information about PCB exposure to mine workers?
Answer: Chevron Questa Mine safety and
industrial hygiene personnel can answer your
questions about PCB exposure. If you have more
questions, please contact Janette Kibogy, Questa
Mine Hygienist at 575-586-7624.

Question: Where will the PCB soil be taken and by
what route?

Answer: PCB soil will be taken to the Clean
Harbors Deer Trail, Colorado facility or incinerated
at the Clean Harbors Aragonite, Utah facility. The
haul route will be from the Mill area west along
Highway 38, heading north along Highway 522.
Trucks will either head east or west out of Fort
Garland, Colorado depending on their final
destination.

Question: Is anyone using ground water
contaminated with molybdenum from the historic
buried tailing beneath the irrigation channel?
Answer: No. At this time, EPA is not aware of
anyone exposed to contaminated ground water.
EPA knows of no private wells currently used by
residents for drinking water to have mine-related
contamination. If it is discovered that any resident
is using a private well contaminated by mining
activities, EPA could take prompt action by offering
to provide an alternate water supply to that resident
under the Superfund Removal Program. Such offer
might include providing bottled water and/or a
hookup to the Village's municipal water supply
system. Although future use of ground water as
drinking water in the area of contamination at the
Tailing Facility Area is possible, temporary well
drilling restrictions will be imposed to limit such
use until ground water cleanup levels are attained.

Question: Where does the Village of Quests's
water supply come from and is it safe to drink?
Answer: The drinking water provided by the
Village is ground water collected from its municipal
water supply wells. These wells are located in the
northern part of Questa and are not near any known
ground-water contamination from the mine and
tailing facility. The Village's municipal water


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supply is tested on a monthly basis for both
biological and chemical contaminants and, by law,
must pass state and federal drinking water
standards. It is our understanding that, based on
such testing, there are currently no exceedances of
drinking water standards and, therefore, the
Village's water is considered safe to drink.

The results of the water supply testing are included
in the Village municipality's annual water quality
report, which is available to the public upon request.
You may obtain a copy of this report by contacting
the Village of Questa.

It is noted that, at the request of several Questa
residents, NMED and EPA collected tap samples
from their homes for analysis. This request was
made because of residents' concerns that some of
the water supply distribution lines that convey water
into the homes are buried in mine tailing. Residents
feared that potential cracks in the water lines could
result in tailing material getting into the line and
contaminating the water supply when pressure
drops in the lines occur. The results from that
testing indicated no exceedances of drinking water
standards in the tap samples.

The Village also collected tap samples from several
residences and commercial properties for analysis.
EPA was informed the results from those analyses
showed no drinking water standards had been
exceeded.

At a May 2008 community meeting, representatives
of the Village noted that the replacement of the
water lines is a top priority and the Village has been
systematically replacing lines as money becomes
available through the legislature. The Village also
offered to test any tap for any resident, if so
requested.

Question: How does molybdenum affect people?
Answer: Humans are less sensitive to molybdenum
than cattle and other animals with complex
stomachs for breaking down food (ruminants). The
only study reviewed by the EPA in which health
effects have been reported in humans was a 1961
epidemiology study in which a population in
Armenia was naturally exposed to high
concentrations of molybdenum and low levels of
copper in soil, water, and food. The study found
increased blood uric acid levels and a higher

incidence of joint disorders, similar to gout. The
EPA has concluded that molybdenum may cause
mineral imbalances in humans leading to a gout-like
condition. (Sources: Mineral Tolerance of
Domestic Animals, National Academy of Sciences,
1992; USEPA Integrated Risk Information System,
Molybdenum File, 2008)

Question: How does molybdenum affect animals?
Why are cattle so sensitive to the effects of
molybdenum and deer and elk less affected?
Answer: Cattle are particularly susceptible to a
condition known as molybdenosis, which results
from molybdenum interference with copper uptake
causing copper deficiency. In serious cases,
symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea,
discoloration of hair, and lameness (bone and joint
disorders). Cattle and sheep are known to be more
susceptible to molybdenosis than horses, deer, elk,
or humans. Cattle and sheep are particularly
sensitive to molybdenum because they possess
rumens (the first stomach where bacterial
fermentation of vegetation occurs) with high
concentrations of sulfide-generating microbes. It is
believed that molybdenum, in the presence of these
sulfides, forms sulfur-molybdenate complexes
which decrease the absorption and uptake of copper.
Cattle are more sensitive than sheep and other
animals because cattle have a higher rate of
turnover of the molecule that transports copper in
the blood. Another reason other animals, including
deer and elk, are less sensitive to molybdenum is
because they tend to range over a wider feeding
area than cattle do (Source: Mineral Tolerance of
Domestic Animals, National Academy of Sciences,
1992).

Question: Why are historic tailing spills being
cleaned up?

Answer: High concentrations of molybdenum in
some of the tailing spills may harm birds and non-
grazing mammals.

Question: Where will the historic tailing spills be
taken and by what route?

Answer: The historic tailing spills will be loaded
onto trucks and taken to an on-Site disposal location
at the Tailing Facility. The haul route will be from
individual spill locations west along Highway 38,
heading north along Highway 522 and west along
Don Martinez Road to the northern entrance to the
tailing facility.


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SITE DESCRIPTION and HISTORY

The Site is located near Questa, Taos County, New
Mexico. The Site consists of an active
molybdenum mine and milling facility on three
square miles of land currently owned by CMI in the
Sangre de Cristo Mountains. It also includes a
tailing disposal site (tailings facility) on

Questa Mine

N

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approximately two square miles of land also owned
by CMI and a nine-mile long tailing pipeline
running along State Highway 38 from the milling
facility to the tailing facility. The mine site and
tailing facility are bounded by the Red River, a
tributary of the Rio Grande. The Red River is home
to a State fish hatchery located two miles
downstream of the tailings facility and is designated
as a Wild and Scenic River in the vicinity of its
confluence with the Rio Grande. Over the years,
numerous breaks in the pipeline resulted in the
spilling of tailing into and along the floodplain of
the Red River, threatening the fishery and nearby
endangered species habitats. Additional threats to
ground water and surface water include seepage
from the tailing facility and acidic, metal-laden
water generated from the weathering of waste rock
(referred to as acid rock drainage or ARD) at the
mine site. Contaminants of concern include
aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt,
copper, fluoride, iron, lead, manganese,
molybdenum, sulfate and zinc.

EPA's Record of Decision (ROD) was finalized on
December 20, 2010, and provides a full description
of Site contamination, risk assessment, remedial
alternatives, and the selected remedy. This
Removal Action includes a portion of the remedy
outlined in the ROD. Chevron Mining Inc. and the
EPA continue to negotiate the cleanup work to be

done by Chevron Mining in the longer term, but the
parties have agreed on several actions, these
Removal Actions, that will start beginning this year.

Introduction of New Team Members

We welcome new members to the Chevron Questa
Mine Superfund Site team. Gary Baumgarten and
Laura Stankosky, EPA Remedial Project Managers,
and Janetta Coats, Community Involvement
Coordinator and TAG Project Officer, have joined
the team.

Where to get more information...

Laura Stankosky

Region 6 Remedial Project Manager

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
(214) 665-7525 or 1-800-533-3508 (Toll-free)

Joseph Fox
Project Manager

New Mexico Environment Department
(505) 827-2340

Janetta Coats

Region 6 Community Involvement Coordinator
Technical Assistance Grant (TAG), Project
Officer

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
(214) 665-7308 or 1-800-533-3508 (Toll-free)

Margaret Lejuste
Public Affairs Manager

Chevron Mining Questa Mine
(575)586-7616

Information Repositories
The Administrative Record, including the
Record of Decision, for the site is available at the
following locations:

Village of Questa

2500 Old State Road 3
P. O. Box 260
Questa, New Mexico 87556
(575) 586-0694

New Mexico Environment Department

1190 St. Francis Dr.

Santa Fe, NM
(505) 827-2340


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Inquiries from the news media should be
directed to the External Affairs Office at
214.665.2200.

You can find more information about the Region
6 Superfund program on EPA's Region 6

website: http://www.epa.gov/region6/6sf/6sf.htm

A Site Status Summary for this site can be
found at http://www.epa.gov/region6/6sf/6sf-
nm.htm

The EPA wishes to thank the community members for their participation at all EPA community
meetings and encourages everyone to attend the next meeting to be held by EPA. We will notify the
community of the next community involvement event when it is scheduled.

oEFA

United

Enuiionmsnfel Profession
Agenc*

Region 6

1445 Ross Ave. (6SF-VO)
Dallas, TX 75202


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