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EPA530-R-07-003
July 2008
Version 1

Definition of Solid Waste Compendium

Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Hazardous Waste Identification Division

Office of Solid Waste
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

This document was prepared by ICF Incorporated, L.L.C. under Contract EP-W-07-003


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

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i


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RCRA Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Main Index

Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Navigation Tips	i

Main Index	ii

Introduction	iii

Resources	1

Glossary of Acronyms	6

Compendium Volumes

Volume

Topic

A

Exclusions

B

Abandoned Materials

C

Military Munitions

D

Use Constituting Disposal (UCD)

E

Burning for Energy Recovery

F

Reclamation

G

Speculative Accumulation

H

Spent Materials

I

Sludges

J

By-Products

K

Commercial Chemical Products

L

Inherently Waste-Like Materials

M

Use/Reuse

N

Legitimate Recycling

0

Recyclable Materials

P

Precious Metals Reclamation

Q

Spent Lead-Acid Batteries

R

Universal Waste

S

Case-by-Case Variances

T

Incidental Processing

U

(Un)-Contained Gases

V

Waste-Specific Issues

Main Index

ii


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Introduction

Return to: Main Index

About the Compendium

The Definition of Solid Waste Compendium serves as a user-friendly reference to
assist Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state staff, industrial facilities
generating and managing solid and hazardous wastes, as well as the general public, in
locating resources addressing specific regulatory issues within the federal Definition of
Solid Waste regulations. Please note that this reference is designed to be web-based;
therefore, the usefulness of the document is maximized when it is viewed on a computer
that is connected to the internet.

A frequently mentioned comment from stakeholders is the need for EPA to
improve the user-friendliness of the existing regulations. Commenters note that the
applicable Definition of Solid Waste regulations and relevant guidance materials are
difficult to locate and use. As a result, stakeholders have difficulty in understanding the
regulations and identifying solid waste. The objective of this document is to address
some of the commenters' concerns by consolidating and streamlining the Definition of
Solid Waste into a helpful reference tool that features a user-friendly format, including
references to EPA FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions), letters, memoranda, and
guidance documents that EPA has provided to the public through the years to help
stakeholders interpret the Definition of Solid Waste. This document does not change any
of the existing solid or hazardous waste requirements.

The resources referenced in the Compendium may include Federal Register (FR)
notices, documents from Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Online (e.g.,
RCRA Hotline Q&A's, letters, and memoranda issued by EPA), and other resources, as
well as relevant Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) language. We have attempted to
identify the relevant resources for each Compendium volume topic. However, please
note that EPA could have inadvertently overlooked a relevant document and did not
reference it. Certain available resources, such as superseded RCRA Online documents
and items that were judged to be not pertinent, have not been referenced. Most of the
referenced resources are not included or reproduced in the Compendium; instead,
hyperlinks to the resources are provided. As an exception, we have included a version of
relevant sections of the most current CFR language (as of the date on the cover of the
Compendium) that we have reformatted to make it easier to read and find citations of
interest. In addition, we also provide links to the Government Printing Office's
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Web site (e-CFR), which is updated almost daily.

Please note that this document is also not a rulemaking in any way. As well, the
included reformatted CFR language is not a substitute for the CFR itself or the
requirements in the CFR. The Government Printing Office frequently updates the e-CFR

Introduction

iii


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Web site; where appropriate, hyperlinks to the respective CFR section at the e-CFR Web
site are provided.

This reference document presents only the federal Definition of Solid Waste.

Most states are authorized to manage their own solid and hazardous waste generator
regulatory program. Therefore, states may have their own set of regulations that apply in
lieu of federal regulations, and while most state solid and hazardous waste regulations are
based on the federal requirements, some states have developed regulations more stringent
than the federal program. We direct you to the following Web site to determine if the
state regulatory program is different from the federal program:
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/osw/stateweb.htm.

The Definition of Solid Waste includes multiple subtopics, and is codified under
40 CFR. To help users of the Compendium more quickly identify the information they
need, and to make the Compendium more user-friendly in an electronic environment, the
Compendium has been divided into multiple volumes. These volumes are available
through EPA's Definition of Solid Waste Web site at

www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/dsw/index.htm. Because regulations are promulgated
throughout the year, EPA intends to update the Compendium volumes periodically to
remain up-to-date with regulations relating to the Definition of Solid Waste.

About the Legitimate Recycling Volume

This volume of the Compendium references resources pertaining to legitimate
recycling as it relates to the Definition of Solid Waste and hazardous waste recycling
regulations. The Resources section is comprised of a table that provides basic details
about and a hyperlink to each resource. Please see the "Navigation Tips" section for
document navigation guidance.

This reference document does not provide guidance on solid waste or hazardous
waste regulations beyond issues concerning resources pertaining to legitimate recycling
as it relates to the Definition of Solid Waste and hazardous waste recycling regulations.
For more information regarding the various regulations applied to facilities generating or
managing hazardous waste, see Hazardous Waste Generators: A User Friendly Reference
Document.

The Compendium volumes are also available in Microsoft Word format from
EPA upon request. For more information on these versions and any other questions or
comments concerning this document, please contact EPA's Office of Solid Waste:

Amanda Geldard
geldard.amanda@epa.gov
(703) 347-8975

Teena Wooten
wooten.teena@epa.gov
(703) 308-8751

Introduction

iv


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Resources

Return to: Main Index

Resource

Document
Date

Type

Topic is
Focus?

Link to EPA
Summary

Link to
Resource

1.

45 FR 33084 - Hazardous Waste Management
System: General (Final) [p. 33093]

5/19/1980

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

2.

48 FR 11157- M&T Chemicals, Inc; Approval of
Application to Conditionally Register a Pesticide
Product Involving a Changed Use Pattern
(Notice) [pp. 11157-11160]

3/16/1983

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

3.

50 FR 614 - Amendments to Definition of Solid
Waste (Final) [pp. 638, 648-649]

1/4/1985

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

4.

50 FR 1684 - Hazardous Waste Burned for
Energy Recovery (Proposed) [p. 1690]

1/11/1985

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

5.

50 FR 49164 - Burning of Waste Fuel and Used
Oil Fuel in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
(Final) [pp. 49166-49167]

11/29/1985

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

6.

52 FR 16982 - Burning Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Proposed) [p.
17013]

5/6/1987

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

7.

53 FR 519 - Amendments to Definition of Solid
Waste (Proposed) [p. 522]

1/8/1988

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

8.

53 FR 17578 - Land Disposal Restrictions -
First Third (Proposed) [pp. 17605-17606]

5/17/1988

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

9.

54 FR 43178 - Burning of Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Supplement to
Proposed Rule) [pp. 43731-43732]

10/26/1989

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

10.

54 FR 48372 - Land Disposal Restrictions for
Third Scheduled Waste part 2 (Final) [pp.
48493-48494]

11/22/1989

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

11.

56 FR 7134 - Burning Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Final) [pp.
7143, 7149, 7159, 7183-7184, 7185]

2/21/1991

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF





Return to: Main Index







Resources	1


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Resource

Document
Date

Type

Topic is
Focus?

Link to EPA
Summary

Link to
Resource

12.	56 FR 42504 - Burning of Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Final) [pp.
42508-42509]

13.	60 FR 11702 - Land Disposal Restrictions -
Phase III (Proposed) [pp. 11732-11733]

14.	60 FR 57747 - Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Wastes (Proposed) [p.57781]

15.	62 FR 6622 - Military Munitions: Hazardous
Waste Identification and Management (Final)
[pp. 6630-6631]

16.	62 FR 26041 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV: Second Supplemental Proposal on
Treatment Standards for Metal Wastes and
Mineral Processing Wastes (Supplemental
Proposed) [pp. 26061-26062]

17.	63 FR 28555 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV: Final Rule Promulgating Treatment
Standards for Metal Wastes and Mineral
Processing Wastes (Final) [p. 28587]

18.	64 FR 36466 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV (Technical Correction) [pp. 36466,
36477-36478]

19.	64 FR 63382 - Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Wastes (Proposed) [pp. 63450-
63451]

20.	65 FR 70953 - Requirements for Zinc Fertilizers
Made From Recycled Hazardous Secondary
Materials (Proposed) [pp. 70953-70982]

21.	67 FR 11251 - Definition of Solid Waste; Toxicity
Characteristic (Proposed) [p. 11252]

22.	67 FR 13683 - Regulation of Hazardous Oil-
Bearing Secondary Materials From the
Petroleum Refining Industry and Other
Hazardous Secondary Materials Processed in a
Gasification System To Produce Synthesis Gas
(Proposed) [pp. 13691-13692]

Federal

8/27/1991 Register	Yes

Federal

3/2/1995 Register	Yes

Federal

11/20/1995 Register	Yes

Federal

2/12/1997 Register	Yes

Federal

5/12/1997 Register	Yes

Federal

5/26/1998 Register	Yes

Federal

7/6/1999 Register	Yes

Federal

11/19/1999 Register	Yes

Federal

11/28/2000 Register	Yes

Federal

3/13/2002 Register	Yes

Federal

3/25/2002 Register	Yes

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A

PDF

PDF

PDF

PDF

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A
N/A

PDF

PDF

PDF

PDF

PDF
PDF

N/A

PDF

Return to: Main Index

Resources

2


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23

24

25

26

27.

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35.

36

37.

38

RCK4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

67 FR 40508 - Cathode Ray Tubes and
Mercury-Containing Equipment (Proposed) [p.
40513]

67	FR 48393 - Zinc Fertilizers Made From
Recycled Hazardous Secondary Materials
(Final) [pp. 48393-48415]

68	FR 61538 - Revisions to the Definition of
Solid Waste (proposed) [pp. 61581-61588]

71	FR 42928 - Cathode Ray Tubes (Final) [pp.
42927-42949]

72	FR 14172 - Revisions to the Definition of
Solid Waste (Supplemental Proposed) [pp.
14197-14201]

HAZARDOUS WASTE BURNED FOR ENERGY
RECOVERY VS. INCINERATION

INTERIM STATUS NEEDED FOR OPEN
BURNING (OB)

COPPER-BEARING SECONDARY
MATERIALS AS FEEDSTOCK

DROSS FROM ALUMINUM SMELTING USED
IN MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT

RECYCLING OF ELECTROPLATING
SLUDGES (F006) FOR CEMENT/AGGREGATE
MANUFACTURE ("Lowrance Memo")

REGULATORY STATUS OF F006
RECLAMATION PROCESS

RECYCLING OF K061 AS AN INGREDIENT IN
CEMENT

GROUNDWATER "CONTAINED IN" POLICY

TANK TREATMENT SYSTEM OF METAL-RICH
RINSEWATERS

K-WASTE FILTER CAKE IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT

HAZARDOUS WASTEWATERS USED AS
QUENCHWATER IN CEMENT PRODUCTION

Document
Date

Type

Topic is
Focus?

Link to EPA
Summary

Link to
Resource

6/12/2002

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

7/24/2002

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

10/28/2003

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

7/28/2006

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

3/26/2007

Federal
Register

Yes

N/A

PDF

5/1/1983

Q & A

Yes

Summary

PDF

1/1/1984

Q & A

Yes

Summarv

PDF

3/22/1988

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

2/7/1989

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

4/26/1989

Memo

Yes

Summary

PDF

8/23/1989

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

2/13/1990

Memo

Yes

Summary

PDF

5/1/1990

Q & A

Yes

Summary

PDF

8/1/1990

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

12/21/1990

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

2/15/1991

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

Return to: Main Index







Resources

3


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39

40

41

42

43

44

45.

46

47.

48

49

50.

51

RCK4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

TWO WASTE OIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
REGULATORY STATUS

USE OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED
SOILS AS AN INGREDIENT IN ASPHALT
BATCHING

BAGHOUSE DUSTS USED AS, OR TO
PRODUCE, AGGREGATE

MATERIALS USED IN FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

STATUS OF UNLISTED COMMERCIAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS WHEN RECYCLED

CLARIFICATION OF THE TERM ""WHEN"" IN
40 CFR 261.2(c)

HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING
REGULATIONS TO A PROPOSED INK
RECYCLING PROCESS

REGULATORY DETERMINATION ON THE
STATUS OF PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY
FURNACES

REGULATORY STATUS OF NATURAL GAS
PIPELINE CONDENSATE

SHAM RECYCLING POLICY AS IT PERTAINS
TO THE BOILER AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACE
RULE

MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MERCURY-
CONTAINING LAMPS

CLARIFICATION: IS A FACILITY THAT HAS A
""PRIMARY PURPOSE"" OF BURNING
HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR DESTRUCTION
SUBJECT TO RCRA REGULATIONS?

PROCESSING LEAD ABATEMENT DEBRIS
TO MEET HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLER'S
SPECIFICATIONS IS NOT ""TREATMENT"" AS
DEFINED IN 40 CFR 260.10

7/14/1994 Letter	Yes

7/21/1994 Memo	Yes

10/7/1994 Letter	Yes
Return to: Main Index

Summary

Summary

Summary

Document
Date

Type

Topic is
Focus?

Link to EPA
Summary

Link to
Resource

6/5/1991

Memo

Yes

Summary

PDF

6/20/1991

Memo

No

Summary

PDF

6/21/1991

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

10/11/1991

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

2/23/1993

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

5/6/1993

Letter

No

Summary

PDF

9/1/1993

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

12/27/1993

Memo

Yes

Summary

PDF

4/15/1994

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

6/7/1994

Letter

Yes

Summary

PDF

PDF

PDF

PDF

Resources

4


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Document



Topic is

Link to EPA

Date

Type

Focus?

Summary

Link to
Resource

52.	REGULATORY INTERPRETATIONS UNDER
RCRA CONCERNING CERTAIN FUEL
BLENDING SCENARIOS

53.	SOLID WASTE DETERMINATION FOR
SPILLED COMMERCIAL CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS

54.	USE OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS AND
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTES AS FEEDSTOCK
FOR A CATALYTIC EXTRACTION
PROCESSING (CEP) UNIT

55.	REGULATORY STATUS OF RECYCLING
FOUNDRY SANDS AND FUTURE CHANGES
TO THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING
HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING

56.	CLARIFICATION OF THE DEFINITION OF
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGY & DISPOSAL CAPACITY VIS-
A-VIS RCRA SECTION 3004(J)

57.	SPENT ALUMINUM POTLINER (K088)
RECYCLING

58.	REGULATORY STATUS OF VITRIFICATION
PROCESSES FOR SPENT ALUMINUM
POTLINER

59.	USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES TO PRODUCE
FERTILIZERS

60.	CLASSIFICATION OF SPENT FERRIC
CHLORIDE MATERIAL USED IN WASTE
WATER TREATMENT

61.	DRAFT GUIDANCE ON INCIDENTAL
PROCESSING AND RECLAMATION

62.	GUIDANCE ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT

63.	REGULATORY STATUS OF DROP-OUT SLAG
GENERATED AT ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES

64.	REGULATORY STATUS OF THE CATOXID
FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

65.	GUIDANCE FOR IDENTIFYING INCIDENTAL
PROCESSING ACTIVITIES

11/8/1994	Letter	Yes	Summary

5/1/1995	Q&A	Yes	Summary

4/12/1996	Letter	Yes	Summary

4/22/1996	Letter	No	Summary

7/5/1996	Letter	Yes	Summary

2/24/1997	Letter	Yes	Summary

7/30/1997	Letter	Yes	Summary

8/12/1997	Letter	Yes	Summary

3/15/1999	Letter	Yes	Summary

2000	Memo	No	N/A

8/4/2000	Memo	No	Summary

5/17/2001	Letter	Yes	Summary

11/15/2001	Memo	No	Summary

10/4/2005	Memo	No	Summary
Return to: Main Index

PDF
PDF

PDF

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PDF
PDF

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Resources


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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling

Glossary of Acronyms

Return to: Main Index

Acronym

Meaning

CEP

Catalytic Extraction Processing

CFR

Code of Federal Regulations

e-CFR

electronic Code of Federal Regulations

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

FR

Federal Register

OB

Open Burning

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Glossary of Acronyms

6


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