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EPA530-R-07-003
July 2008
Version 1
Definition of Solid Waste Compendium
Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Hazardous Waste Identification Division
Office of Solid Waste
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
This document was prepared by ICF Incorporated, L.L.C. under Contract EP-W-07-003
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
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Proceed to: Main Index
Navigation Tips
i
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RCRA Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Main Index
Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Navigation Tips i
Main Index ii
Introduction iii
Resources 1
Glossary of Acronyms 6
Compendium Volumes
Volume
Topic
A
Exclusions
B
Abandoned Materials
C
Military Munitions
D
Use Constituting Disposal (UCD)
E
Burning for Energy Recovery
F
Reclamation
G
Speculative Accumulation
H
Spent Materials
I
Sludges
J
By-Products
K
Commercial Chemical Products
L
Inherently Waste-Like Materials
M
Use/Reuse
N
Legitimate Recycling
0
Recyclable Materials
P
Precious Metals Reclamation
Q
Spent Lead-Acid Batteries
R
Universal Waste
S
Case-by-Case Variances
T
Incidental Processing
U
(Un)-Contained Gases
V
Waste-Specific Issues
Main Index
ii
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Introduction
Return to: Main Index
About the Compendium
The Definition of Solid Waste Compendium serves as a user-friendly reference to
assist Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state staff, industrial facilities
generating and managing solid and hazardous wastes, as well as the general public, in
locating resources addressing specific regulatory issues within the federal Definition of
Solid Waste regulations. Please note that this reference is designed to be web-based;
therefore, the usefulness of the document is maximized when it is viewed on a computer
that is connected to the internet.
A frequently mentioned comment from stakeholders is the need for EPA to
improve the user-friendliness of the existing regulations. Commenters note that the
applicable Definition of Solid Waste regulations and relevant guidance materials are
difficult to locate and use. As a result, stakeholders have difficulty in understanding the
regulations and identifying solid waste. The objective of this document is to address
some of the commenters' concerns by consolidating and streamlining the Definition of
Solid Waste into a helpful reference tool that features a user-friendly format, including
references to EPA FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions), letters, memoranda, and
guidance documents that EPA has provided to the public through the years to help
stakeholders interpret the Definition of Solid Waste. This document does not change any
of the existing solid or hazardous waste requirements.
The resources referenced in the Compendium may include Federal Register (FR)
notices, documents from Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Online (e.g.,
RCRA Hotline Q&A's, letters, and memoranda issued by EPA), and other resources, as
well as relevant Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) language. We have attempted to
identify the relevant resources for each Compendium volume topic. However, please
note that EPA could have inadvertently overlooked a relevant document and did not
reference it. Certain available resources, such as superseded RCRA Online documents
and items that were judged to be not pertinent, have not been referenced. Most of the
referenced resources are not included or reproduced in the Compendium; instead,
hyperlinks to the resources are provided. As an exception, we have included a version of
relevant sections of the most current CFR language (as of the date on the cover of the
Compendium) that we have reformatted to make it easier to read and find citations of
interest. In addition, we also provide links to the Government Printing Office's
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Web site (e-CFR), which is updated almost daily.
Please note that this document is also not a rulemaking in any way. As well, the
included reformatted CFR language is not a substitute for the CFR itself or the
requirements in the CFR. The Government Printing Office frequently updates the e-CFR
Introduction
iii
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Web site; where appropriate, hyperlinks to the respective CFR section at the e-CFR Web
site are provided.
This reference document presents only the federal Definition of Solid Waste.
Most states are authorized to manage their own solid and hazardous waste generator
regulatory program. Therefore, states may have their own set of regulations that apply in
lieu of federal regulations, and while most state solid and hazardous waste regulations are
based on the federal requirements, some states have developed regulations more stringent
than the federal program. We direct you to the following Web site to determine if the
state regulatory program is different from the federal program:
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/osw/stateweb.htm.
The Definition of Solid Waste includes multiple subtopics, and is codified under
40 CFR. To help users of the Compendium more quickly identify the information they
need, and to make the Compendium more user-friendly in an electronic environment, the
Compendium has been divided into multiple volumes. These volumes are available
through EPA's Definition of Solid Waste Web site at
www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/dsw/index.htm. Because regulations are promulgated
throughout the year, EPA intends to update the Compendium volumes periodically to
remain up-to-date with regulations relating to the Definition of Solid Waste.
About the Legitimate Recycling Volume
This volume of the Compendium references resources pertaining to legitimate
recycling as it relates to the Definition of Solid Waste and hazardous waste recycling
regulations. The Resources section is comprised of a table that provides basic details
about and a hyperlink to each resource. Please see the "Navigation Tips" section for
document navigation guidance.
This reference document does not provide guidance on solid waste or hazardous
waste regulations beyond issues concerning resources pertaining to legitimate recycling
as it relates to the Definition of Solid Waste and hazardous waste recycling regulations.
For more information regarding the various regulations applied to facilities generating or
managing hazardous waste, see Hazardous Waste Generators: A User Friendly Reference
Document.
The Compendium volumes are also available in Microsoft Word format from
EPA upon request. For more information on these versions and any other questions or
comments concerning this document, please contact EPA's Office of Solid Waste:
Amanda Geldard
geldard.amanda@epa.gov
(703) 347-8975
Teena Wooten
wooten.teena@epa.gov
(703) 308-8751
Introduction
iv
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Resources
Return to: Main Index
Resource
Document
Date
Type
Topic is
Focus?
Link to EPA
Summary
Link to
Resource
1.
45 FR 33084 - Hazardous Waste Management
System: General (Final) [p. 33093]
5/19/1980
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
2.
48 FR 11157- M&T Chemicals, Inc; Approval of
Application to Conditionally Register a Pesticide
Product Involving a Changed Use Pattern
(Notice) [pp. 11157-11160]
3/16/1983
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
3.
50 FR 614 - Amendments to Definition of Solid
Waste (Final) [pp. 638, 648-649]
1/4/1985
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
4.
50 FR 1684 - Hazardous Waste Burned for
Energy Recovery (Proposed) [p. 1690]
1/11/1985
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
5.
50 FR 49164 - Burning of Waste Fuel and Used
Oil Fuel in Boilers and Industrial Furnaces
(Final) [pp. 49166-49167]
11/29/1985
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
6.
52 FR 16982 - Burning Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Proposed) [p.
17013]
5/6/1987
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
7.
53 FR 519 - Amendments to Definition of Solid
Waste (Proposed) [p. 522]
1/8/1988
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
8.
53 FR 17578 - Land Disposal Restrictions -
First Third (Proposed) [pp. 17605-17606]
5/17/1988
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
9.
54 FR 43178 - Burning of Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Supplement to
Proposed Rule) [pp. 43731-43732]
10/26/1989
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
10.
54 FR 48372 - Land Disposal Restrictions for
Third Scheduled Waste part 2 (Final) [pp.
48493-48494]
11/22/1989
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
11.
56 FR 7134 - Burning Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Final) [pp.
7143, 7149, 7159, 7183-7184, 7185]
2/21/1991
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
Return to: Main Index
Resources 1
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Resource
Document
Date
Type
Topic is
Focus?
Link to EPA
Summary
Link to
Resource
12. 56 FR 42504 - Burning of Hazardous Waste in
Boilers and Industrial Furnaces (Final) [pp.
42508-42509]
13. 60 FR 11702 - Land Disposal Restrictions -
Phase III (Proposed) [pp. 11732-11733]
14. 60 FR 57747 - Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Wastes (Proposed) [p.57781]
15. 62 FR 6622 - Military Munitions: Hazardous
Waste Identification and Management (Final)
[pp. 6630-6631]
16. 62 FR 26041 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV: Second Supplemental Proposal on
Treatment Standards for Metal Wastes and
Mineral Processing Wastes (Supplemental
Proposed) [pp. 26061-26062]
17. 63 FR 28555 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV: Final Rule Promulgating Treatment
Standards for Metal Wastes and Mineral
Processing Wastes (Final) [p. 28587]
18. 64 FR 36466 - Land Disposal Restrictions
Phase IV (Technical Correction) [pp. 36466,
36477-36478]
19. 64 FR 63382 - Identification and Listing of
Hazardous Wastes (Proposed) [pp. 63450-
63451]
20. 65 FR 70953 - Requirements for Zinc Fertilizers
Made From Recycled Hazardous Secondary
Materials (Proposed) [pp. 70953-70982]
21. 67 FR 11251 - Definition of Solid Waste; Toxicity
Characteristic (Proposed) [p. 11252]
22. 67 FR 13683 - Regulation of Hazardous Oil-
Bearing Secondary Materials From the
Petroleum Refining Industry and Other
Hazardous Secondary Materials Processed in a
Gasification System To Produce Synthesis Gas
(Proposed) [pp. 13691-13692]
Federal
8/27/1991 Register Yes
Federal
3/2/1995 Register Yes
Federal
11/20/1995 Register Yes
Federal
2/12/1997 Register Yes
Federal
5/12/1997 Register Yes
Federal
5/26/1998 Register Yes
Federal
7/6/1999 Register Yes
Federal
11/19/1999 Register Yes
Federal
11/28/2000 Register Yes
Federal
3/13/2002 Register Yes
Federal
3/25/2002 Register Yes
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PDF
PDF
PDF
PDF
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
PDF
PDF
PDF
PDF
PDF
PDF
N/A
PDF
Return to: Main Index
Resources
2
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23
24
25
26
27.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35.
36
37.
38
RCK4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
67 FR 40508 - Cathode Ray Tubes and
Mercury-Containing Equipment (Proposed) [p.
40513]
67 FR 48393 - Zinc Fertilizers Made From
Recycled Hazardous Secondary Materials
(Final) [pp. 48393-48415]
68 FR 61538 - Revisions to the Definition of
Solid Waste (proposed) [pp. 61581-61588]
71 FR 42928 - Cathode Ray Tubes (Final) [pp.
42927-42949]
72 FR 14172 - Revisions to the Definition of
Solid Waste (Supplemental Proposed) [pp.
14197-14201]
HAZARDOUS WASTE BURNED FOR ENERGY
RECOVERY VS. INCINERATION
INTERIM STATUS NEEDED FOR OPEN
BURNING (OB)
COPPER-BEARING SECONDARY
MATERIALS AS FEEDSTOCK
DROSS FROM ALUMINUM SMELTING USED
IN MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
RECYCLING OF ELECTROPLATING
SLUDGES (F006) FOR CEMENT/AGGREGATE
MANUFACTURE ("Lowrance Memo")
REGULATORY STATUS OF F006
RECLAMATION PROCESS
RECYCLING OF K061 AS AN INGREDIENT IN
CEMENT
GROUNDWATER "CONTAINED IN" POLICY
TANK TREATMENT SYSTEM OF METAL-RICH
RINSEWATERS
K-WASTE FILTER CAKE IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
HAZARDOUS WASTEWATERS USED AS
QUENCHWATER IN CEMENT PRODUCTION
Document
Date
Type
Topic is
Focus?
Link to EPA
Summary
Link to
Resource
6/12/2002
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
7/24/2002
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
10/28/2003
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
7/28/2006
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
3/26/2007
Federal
Register
Yes
N/A
PDF
5/1/1983
Q & A
Yes
Summary
PDF
1/1/1984
Q & A
Yes
Summarv
PDF
3/22/1988
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
2/7/1989
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
4/26/1989
Memo
Yes
Summary
PDF
8/23/1989
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
2/13/1990
Memo
Yes
Summary
PDF
5/1/1990
Q & A
Yes
Summary
PDF
8/1/1990
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
12/21/1990
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
2/15/1991
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
Return to: Main Index
Resources
3
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39
40
41
42
43
44
45.
46
47.
48
49
50.
51
RCK4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
TWO WASTE OIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
REGULATORY STATUS
USE OF PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED
SOILS AS AN INGREDIENT IN ASPHALT
BATCHING
BAGHOUSE DUSTS USED AS, OR TO
PRODUCE, AGGREGATE
MATERIALS USED IN FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
STATUS OF UNLISTED COMMERCIAL
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS WHEN RECYCLED
CLARIFICATION OF THE TERM ""WHEN"" IN
40 CFR 261.2(c)
HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING
REGULATIONS TO A PROPOSED INK
RECYCLING PROCESS
REGULATORY DETERMINATION ON THE
STATUS OF PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY
FURNACES
REGULATORY STATUS OF NATURAL GAS
PIPELINE CONDENSATE
SHAM RECYCLING POLICY AS IT PERTAINS
TO THE BOILER AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACE
RULE
MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MERCURY-
CONTAINING LAMPS
CLARIFICATION: IS A FACILITY THAT HAS A
""PRIMARY PURPOSE"" OF BURNING
HAZARDOUS WASTE FOR DESTRUCTION
SUBJECT TO RCRA REGULATIONS?
PROCESSING LEAD ABATEMENT DEBRIS
TO MEET HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLER'S
SPECIFICATIONS IS NOT ""TREATMENT"" AS
DEFINED IN 40 CFR 260.10
7/14/1994 Letter Yes
7/21/1994 Memo Yes
10/7/1994 Letter Yes
Return to: Main Index
Summary
Summary
Summary
Document
Date
Type
Topic is
Focus?
Link to EPA
Summary
Link to
Resource
6/5/1991
Memo
Yes
Summary
PDF
6/20/1991
Memo
No
Summary
PDF
6/21/1991
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
10/11/1991
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
2/23/1993
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
5/6/1993
Letter
No
Summary
PDF
9/1/1993
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
12/27/1993
Memo
Yes
Summary
PDF
4/15/1994
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
6/7/1994
Letter
Yes
Summary
PDF
PDF
PDF
PDF
Resources
4
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Document
Topic is
Link to EPA
Date
Type
Focus?
Summary
Link to
Resource
52. REGULATORY INTERPRETATIONS UNDER
RCRA CONCERNING CERTAIN FUEL
BLENDING SCENARIOS
53. SOLID WASTE DETERMINATION FOR
SPILLED COMMERCIAL CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS
54. USE OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS AND
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTES AS FEEDSTOCK
FOR A CATALYTIC EXTRACTION
PROCESSING (CEP) UNIT
55. REGULATORY STATUS OF RECYCLING
FOUNDRY SANDS AND FUTURE CHANGES
TO THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING
HAZARDOUS WASTE RECYCLING
56. CLARIFICATION OF THE DEFINITION OF
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGY & DISPOSAL CAPACITY VIS-
A-VIS RCRA SECTION 3004(J)
57. SPENT ALUMINUM POTLINER (K088)
RECYCLING
58. REGULATORY STATUS OF VITRIFICATION
PROCESSES FOR SPENT ALUMINUM
POTLINER
59. USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES TO PRODUCE
FERTILIZERS
60. CLASSIFICATION OF SPENT FERRIC
CHLORIDE MATERIAL USED IN WASTE
WATER TREATMENT
61. DRAFT GUIDANCE ON INCIDENTAL
PROCESSING AND RECLAMATION
62. GUIDANCE ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT
63. REGULATORY STATUS OF DROP-OUT SLAG
GENERATED AT ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES
64. REGULATORY STATUS OF THE CATOXID
FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR
65. GUIDANCE FOR IDENTIFYING INCIDENTAL
PROCESSING ACTIVITIES
11/8/1994 Letter Yes Summary
5/1/1995 Q&A Yes Summary
4/12/1996 Letter Yes Summary
4/22/1996 Letter No Summary
7/5/1996 Letter Yes Summary
2/24/1997 Letter Yes Summary
7/30/1997 Letter Yes Summary
8/12/1997 Letter Yes Summary
3/15/1999 Letter Yes Summary
2000 Memo No N/A
8/4/2000 Memo No Summary
5/17/2001 Letter Yes Summary
11/15/2001 Memo No Summary
10/4/2005 Memo No Summary
Return to: Main Index
PDF
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Resources
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RCR 4 Definition of Solid Waste Compendium - Volume N: Legitimate Recycling
Glossary of Acronyms
Return to: Main Index
Acronym
Meaning
CEP
Catalytic Extraction Processing
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
e-CFR
electronic Code of Federal Regulations
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
FR
Federal Register
OB
Open Burning
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Glossary of Acronyms
6
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