RADIOLOGICAL RECOVERY LOGISTICS TOOL
Michael D. Kaminski, Scott Parent, Douglas E. Johnson, Strategic Security Sciences, Argonne National Laboratory
Matthew Magnuson and Sang Don Lee, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Benjamin Stevenson and OrlyAmir, National Urban Security Technology Laboratory, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
ABSTRACT
THE MODEL
1 Argonne is building and testing a tool, the Radiological Recovery Logistics Tool (RRLT), that can be used during the response and recovery from a radiological or nuclear incident to effectively allocate appropriate
commercial and public works equipment to mitigate, remove, and contain radiological contamination. The requirements for this tool—as well as development of the resulting software—is overseen by a steering
committee of stakeholders from DHS's National Urban Security Technology Laboratory (NUSTL), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
1 RRLT's Knowledge Base will contain information on the form of contamination, types of contaminated surfaces, affected facilities, and information on various types of municipal and commercial equipment assets that
may be used to plan an expedited mitigation and remediation strategy.
1 RRLT is driven by use cases. A use case is an intention with which a user approaches the software. Use cases are grouped into delivery increments to schedule development, testing, and presentation to stakeholders.
This model partitions the system into seven increments: User Arrival and Authentication, Search and Navigation, Equipment Recommendation, Plan Management, Content Management, and Expanded Access. Once a
user is authenticated, RRLT will present the user with a dashboard that allows them to explore or search RRLT's content. The dashboard will also include a "Plan" panel for collecting decisions and relevant
observations about an incident at hand to facilitate development of an equipment list.
1 RRLT will offer three general modes of access to items in the knowledge base:
- Keyword search for direct discovery of items,
- Navigation along predetermined paths from recovery goal towards equipment types, and
- Interactive guidance towards equipment types by an autonomous software agent: the Equipment Recommendation Wizard.
EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND RECOVERY
Considers a wide area release of nuclear or radiological material such as nuclear plant accident,
RDD, IND.
Compressing the recovery timeline through the use of municipal and commercial equipment.
We developed example missions or scenarios for five "Support Goals" that ask -
What types of municipal and commercial equipment can be used to complete the scenario activity,
and do we have sufficient data to recommend their use and predicted efficacy?
At this stage, we expect the following activities in the impacted area:
- People, vehicles, and objects have moved and are moving in and out of the contaminated areas,
- Urgent mitigation or remediation is needed for critical infrastructure (e.g., water utility, energy
utility, transportation, medical, fire stations, government facilities, etc.),
- Stakeholders are developing remediation strategies...
SURVEY AND MONITORING
1 Monitor the contamination levels in affected areas for an extended period to understand the dose to
workers and residents.
1 Assumes traditional survey monitoring equipment, such as TLD badges, portable survey monitors,
gamma-ray spectrometers, are already in place.
1 What types of municipal and commercial equipment can be used to enhance the survey and
monitoring of contamination?
1 Examples: air filters from garbage trucks and delivery trucks, personal cell phones.
MITIGATION OF RECEIVED DOSE TO FIRST RESPONDERS
Reduce the radiation dose to response personnel.
What types of municipal and commercial equipment can be used to carry out gross
decontamination and to contain and prevent the resuspension and tracking of contamination?
Examples: Fireboats to knock down radioactivity levels near the shore; dump trucks, and bobcats
to spread mulch and gravel across roadways.
DECONTAMINATION (GROSS & FINAL
1 Decontamination methods can be more effective if implemented within days of a release rather
than waiting months or years for the contamination to evolve chemically and physically, rendering it
more difficult to remove.
1 What types of municipal and commercial equipment can be used to carry out gross or final
decontamination of contaminated surfaces?
1 Examples: Street sweepers to remove particles, asphalt-milling machines to remove the top layer
of road surfaces, bobcats to remove the top layer of vegetation.
SUPPORT GOALS
¦ Survey and monitoring: Monitor the radiological contamination levels in affected areas for an
extended period.
¦ Mitigation of received dose to first responders: Reduce the radiation dose burden to
response and recovery personnel.
¦ Decontamination (gross and final): Decontamination methods can be more effective if
implemented within days of a release rather than waiting months or years.
¦ Waste management: Large amount of contaminated, solid waste will be generated over a
wide area from businesses and residences.
¦ Containment of wastewater: Water will likely be used by first responders to extinguish fires
that may be generated during a radioactive release. It may also be used to reduce radiation levels
to early responders and subsequent response teams.
EXAMPLE EQUIPMENT TABLE FOR EACH SUPPORT GOAL
(supertanker:
particles (BE, PE).
(B%. Water reoyde
commercial) commercial) (LR).
(LR). Controlling Controlling factors
factors (BE). (BE).
CONTAINMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER
Water will likely be used by first responders to extinguish fires that may be generated during a
radioactive release.
Water may also be used to reduce radiation levels to early responders and by subsequent
response teams.
How can water be collected or diverted for proper treatment and disposal?
What types of equipment can be used to collect, contain, and transport liquid wastes?
- Examples: portable tanks and storage bladders, barges, storm sewers, reservoirs.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Contaminated solid waste will be generated over a wide area from businesses and residences.
Solid radioactive waste should be collected for staging and disposal.
What types of municipal and commercial equipment can be used to stabilize, contain, store, and
transport the radioactive solid waste generated during mitigation and decontamination operations?
Example: Municipal waste garbage trucks to pick up garbage and collect in interim locations.
1 RRLT's Knowledge Base will contain details
on dozens of Equipment Types and facilitate
the Operator's discovery and consumption of
these details most pertinent to a dynamically
selected subset of recovery scenarios—with
the possible addition of environmental details
about the incident for which recovery is being
conducted.
1 Equipment Type
- The RRLT knowledge base groups
equipment into types by form and function.
- The equipment types are, in general,
broadly encompassing of many specific
pieces of equipment that would fall under
the same category and will be linked to the
FEMA Resource Typing Library Tool (RTLT)
when possible.
- It should be noted that some equipment
options provided by the RRLT may not be
associated with a Resource Typing ID—and
other might be associated with multiple
typing IDs.
- The RRLT database of equipment is not
limited to federally supported equipment
options and may recommend equipment
available through federal, regional, or local
resources-or from non-governmental
organizations, vendors, and stores.
1 Facility Type
- The facility type describes the structure,
topographical feature category, surface, or
specific facility that is impacted by
contamination.
- The intent is to alert the user that the tool
contains specific information regarding a
specific material or business function that
may be useful to the stakeholder.
"FEMAType"
L,
such as saltspreadertrucks,
street sweepers a nd power
washers
US Government::
DHS: Federal
Agency::FEMA:
Federal Agency::
Type
Utilityofa given type ofequipment with respect
to a given recovery method
Equipment Type
# description
4^quipment
«Process»
{State may include pre-and
post-SME-review}
Equipment Summary Report::
Recovery Method::
Applicability
study: Document
advantages: List
limitations: List
best practices
source
+purpo^
Equipment
Summary Report::
Recovery Method
activity /\
Predicate portion of
"Description of Use"
Equipment Summary Report::Support Goal
«enum»
f Survey and monitoringofthe contaminated area: Support Goal
f Mitigation of received dose to first responders: Support Goal
i- Decontamination (gross and final) of buildings, vehicles, roadways, parks, and other surfaces: Support Goal
i- Waste management of solid waste generated during recovery operations: Support Goal
t- Containment of wastewater and other waste generated during the response and recovery phases: Support Goal
Equipment
Summary Report::
Response Scenario
L,
Mission, scenario, or
specific situation
that requires a
response activity
V
e.g. Building, Open Space, Road,
Airport, Vehicle Fleet, Bridge
Facility Type
SEARCH AND NAVIGATE
1 Once authenticated, the operator will have access to a
"Search" bar in a consistent location near the top of the
viewport.
- Users will be able to enter queries consisting of words,
quoted phrases, Boolean combinations (AND, OR) of
subqueries, and negated subqueries ("NOT"
expressions).
- When the operator submits a query, the system will
respond by displaying a list of items matching that query:
the search results.
1 The appearance and behavior of search results will be
consistent with that of lists of items arrived at by navigation
and other means throughout the system.
1 Each item will be represented by a listing that includes a
hyperlinked label along with an icon indicating the type or
category to which the item belongs (e.g. goal, scenario,
equipment type).
1 The default presentation of these listings will be rows
sorted alphabetically by title.
1 Clicking on the label or icon within a listing will cause the
system to navigate forward to the complete content for that
selected item.
1 The appearance, structure, and behavior of an item's
content will vary in accordance with the type of item being
viewed.
1 In general, the operator will be presented with the name or
title of the item, a passage of text describing the item, any
images associated with the item, and in most cases, links
allowing for navigation to related items.
1 RRLT offers a navigation hierarchy leading towards details
on types of equipment listed in the system's knowledge
base.
Municipal and Commercial Equipment for Radiological Response and Recovery in an Urban Environment: State of Science, Research Needs, and Evaluation of Implementation Towards Critical Infrastructure Resilience," Argonne National
Laboratory Report, ANL/NE-35-17, 2018.
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This presentation has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and
others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf ofthe Government.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) Science and Technology Directorate, funded and managed the research described.
This document was reviewed in accordance with EPA policy prior to publication. Note that approval for publication does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use of a specific product.
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