United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-R-08-001 February 2008 National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005) Section 4 Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005): Anthracene Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division Office of Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Information: Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (540) 341-3631 kline.bill@epa.gov Tammie Owen, Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-4044 owen.tammie@epa.gov Ben Lesser, Chief Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-0314 lesser.ben@epa.gov ------- Anthracene Chemical Information: Alternate Names - paraNaphthalene, anthracin, anthraxcene General Uses - Anthracene is used to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. It has also been used to make smoke screens and scintillation counter crystals. How Much Anthracene Was Generated? Exhibit 4.11. National Generation of Anthracene (2001-2005 TRI Reporting Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total quantity of Anthracene (pounds) 360,837 345,499 419,243 520,669 601,914 Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Anthracene 35 35 39 39 43 For 2005, 43 facilities reported approximately 602,000 pounds of anthracene, representing an increase of approximately 241,000 pounds, or 67 percent, compared to the total quantity of anthracene reported for 2001 (Exhibit 4.11). The closing of several facilities (within the same company) accounted for much of the increased quantities since 2001, including virtually all the increase in 2005, compared to 2004. That is, these facilities attributed the increased quantities of anthracene to activities related to shutdown of the facilities, including the clean-up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. Exhibit 4.12. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Anthracene (2005) Anthracene (601,914 pounds) Quantity Reported Number of Facilities Reporting This Quantity (2005) Percent of Total Quantity of Anthracene in 2005 up to 10 pounds 8 < 0.1% between 11 -100 pounds 10 0.1% between 101 -1,000 pounds 11 0.8% between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds 9 5.7% between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds 2 8.7% between 100,001 - 1 million pounds 3 84.7% > 1 million pounds 0 0.0% Exhibit 4.12 shows the number of facilities that reported anthracene for 2005 within a range of reported quantities. As noted, three of the facilities reported approximately 85 percent of the total quantity for 2005. 4-10 ------- Where Was Anthracene Generated? Exhibit 4.13. Location of Facilities that Reported Anthracene (2005) Facilities Reporting Anthracene (2005) Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007 Analysis and Information Branch Tor 2005, 43 facilities in 21 states reported anthracene (Exhibit 4.13). Exhibit 4.14, Quantity of Anthracene, by EPA Region and State, for Facilities Reporting 99 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) EPA Region State Quantity (pounds) of Anthracene Percent of Total Quantity of Anthracene in 2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 4 KY 962 1,878 270,887 293,787 277,157 46.0% 4 AL 1,827 2,176 5,551 96,000 128,243 21.3% 5 Ml 0 888 57,719 23,466 106,245 17.7% 6 TX 275,398 144,427 26,466 71,061 56,080 9.3% 5 IL 2,560 9,372 33,573 17,770 13,679 2.3% 3 WV 6,029 4,300 10,190 8,297 8,430 1.4% 6 LA 13,638 9,959 5,281 3,740 7,821 1.3% Total 300,414 173,000 409,667 514,121 597,655 99.3% Facilities in Kentucky and Alabama (both in EPA Region 4) reported approximately 67 percent of the total quantity (Exhibit 4.14). Since 2001, facilities in Kentucky, Alabama, and Michigan reported significant increases. Other highlights concerning trends for the reported quantity of anthracene in EPA Regions and states include: 4-11 ------- • In Kentucky, a facility that only began reporting anthracene in 2003 has been the largest reporter of anthracene and accounted for the large increase. • In Alabama and Michigan, two facilities (same company) have accounted for most of the reported anthracene reported in these states. The anthracene reported by these two facilities resulted from the shutdown of the facilities, including activities related to shutdown of the facilities, including the clean- up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. Another facility in Michigan undergoing shutdown activities accounted for approximately 88 percent of the anthracene in EPA Region 5. • In Texas, a facility that accounted for approximately 61 percent of the anthracene reported by Texas facilities for 2001 has reported gradually decreasing quantities since then and eliminated this PC in 2005. Exhibit 4.15. Quantity of Anthracene, by State and County, for Facilities Reporting 85 Percent of the Total National Quantity (2005) State County Quantity (pounds) of Anthracene Percent of Total National Quantity of Anthracene (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 KY Hancock 0 0 269,080 292,467 275,700 45.8% AL Jefferson 1,827 2,176 5,551 96,000 128,243 21.3% Ml Wayne 0 888 57,719 23,466 106,245 17.7% In each of these three counties (Exhibit 4.15), one facility reported virtually 100 percent of the total quantity of anthracene for 2005. All three facilities reported significant increases since 2001. Which Industries Generated Anthracene? Exhibit 4.16. Industry Sectors Quantities of Anthracene (2001-2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Description Facilities reporting Anthracene in This SIC Code (2005) Quantity (pounds) of Anthracene Percent of Total Quantity of Anthracene (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 3334 Primary aluminum 2 250 250 269,580 292,696 276,200 45.9% 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 6 69,965 186,745 83,230 144,893 255,356 42.4% 2869 Industrial orqanic chemicals, nec 7 96,761 79,703 32,096 73,299 59,861 9.9% 2911 Petroleum refininq 17 5,619 6,659 2,037 3,405 5,914 1.0% 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 4 117 354 7,866 5,128 2,902 0.5% 3272 Concrete products, nec 3 0 1,638 1,469 632 1,548 0.3% 2491 Wood preservinq 2 87 53 125 97 115 < 0.1% 2821 Plastics materials and resins 1 0 0 22,536 134 16 < 0.1% 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 1 5 1 136 136 2 < 0.1% Total 43 360,837 345,499 419,243 520,669 601,914 100.0% For 2005, 43 facilities in nine SIC codes reported anthracene. Facilities in SIC 3334 (Primary aluminum) and SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) reported approximately 88 percent of the total quantity for 2005 (Exhibit 4.16): • Facilities in SIC 3334 (Primary aluminum) reported the largest quantities of anthracene since 2003, including approximately 46 percent of the total quantity in 2005; almost 100 percent was reported by a facility that began reporting anthracene in 2003. This facility uses coal tar pitch and coke to produce carbon rods (anodes) for aluminum smelting. Quantities of anthracene correlate with the production of carbon rods. 4-12 ------- • Facilities in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) reported approximately 42 percent of the total quantity reported for 2005. Ninety-two percent of the anthracene reported by SIC 2865 facilities resulted from activities related to the shutdown of two of the facilities, including the clean-up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. How Did Facilities Manage Anthracene? Exhibit 4.17. Trends in Management Methods for Anthracene (2001-2005) Management Method for Anthracene 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Disposal Quantity (pounds) 57,334 26,515 82,670 65,396 162,293 Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds) 187,995 262,816 24,489 128,302 113,513 Treatment Quantity (pounds) 115,507 56,168 312,084 326,971 326,108 Recycled (pounds)11 378,568 377,582 134,490 178,851 308,162 Exhibit 4.17 shows the national trends for how facilities managed anthracene in 2001-2005. Disposal: By 2005, the quantity of anthracene disposed of increased by approximately 105,000 pounds or 183 percent, compared to the quantity disposed of in 2001; most of this increase was reported for 2005 when there was approximately a 148 percent increase compared to the 2004 quantity. Energy Recovery: In 2005, the quantity decreased by approximately 75,000 pounds or 40 percent, compared to the quantity sent to energy recovery in 2001. Treatment: By 2005, the quantity of anthracene treated increased by approximately 211,000 pounds or 182 percent, compared to the quantity treated in 2001. However, since 2003 the quantity treated has remained relatively constant. Recycling: In 2005, the quantity decreased by approximately 70,000 pounds or 19 percent, compared to the quantity recycled in 2001. However, in 2005, recycling increased significantly compared to the quantities reported for 2003 and 2004. 11 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8. 4-13 ------- Exhibit 4.18. Management Methods for Anthracene in Industry Sectors (2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description Onsite Disposal (pounds) Offsite Disposal (pounds) Onsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Offsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Onsite Treatment (pounds) Offsite T reatment (pounds) Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) 3334 Primary aluminum 500 1,835 0 0 273,865 0 143 0 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 0 153,607 0 97,312 4,241 196 60,208 129,038 2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nec 0 2,482 15,312 519 2,820 38,728 61,000 23,364 2911 Petroleum refining 273 1,255 4 142 3,553 687 107 32 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 0 1,035 170 0 25 1,672 150 8,900 3272 Concrete products, nec 0 1,231 0 0 0 317 0 0 2491 Wood preserving 0 73 0 38 0 4 434 0 2821 Plastics materials and resins 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 0 2 0 0 0 0 24,786 0 Total 773 161,520 15,486 98,027 284,504 41,604 146,828 161,334 Exhibit 4.18 shows how facilities, by SIC code, managed anthracene in 2005. A facility in SIC 3334 (Primary aluminum) used onsite treatment for approximately 84 percent of the total treatment quantity in 2005. Two facilities in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) reported approximately 88 percent of the amount disposed of by all facilities. Both these facilities are being shut down; the anthracene disposed of resulted from activities related to shutdown, including the clean-up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. One of these facilities also accounted for approximately 80 percent of the energy recovery and 42 percent of the anthracene sent to offsite recycling. In 2005, two facilities in SIC 2869 (Industrial organic chemicals, nec) also recycled approximately 27 percent of the total amount of anthracene recycled by all facilities. 4-14 ------- Facilities Only Recycling Anthracene Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description State County Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) Total Recycling (pounds) 2911 Petroleum refining TX Jefferson 63,553 0 63,553 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills PA Allegheny 11,574 0 11,574 NY Erie 2,822 0 2,822 AL Jefferson 2,400 0 2,400 2851 Paints and allied products OH Erie 19 0 19 Total 80,368 0 80,368 For 2005, five facilities in three industry sectors reported using only recycling to manage approximately 80,000 pounds of anthracene (Exhibit 4.19). The facility in SIC 2911 (Petroleum refining) reported approximately 79 percent of the quantity recycled. 4-15 ------- |