United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-R-08-001 February 2008 National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005) Section 4 Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005): Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (B(g,h,i)P) Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division Office of Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Information: Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (540) 341-3631 kline.bill@epa.gov Tammie Owen, Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-4044 owen.tammie@epa.gov Ben Lesser, Chief Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-0314 lesser.ben@epa.gov ------- Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (B(g,h,i)P) Chemical Information: Alternate Names - 1,12-benzoperylene General Uses - B(g,h,i)P is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that occurs naturally in crude oils. It has no known commercial use or production. Emissions typically result from petroleum refining, coal tar distillation, and the incomplete combustion of organic matter. How Much Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Was Generated? Exhibit 4.20. National Generation of Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (2001-2005) TRI Reporting Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Quantity of B(g,h,i)P (pounds) 990,940 455,559 470,333 559,411 689,704 Number of TRI facilities Reporting B(g,h,i)P 363 348 388 393 406 For 2005, 406 facilities reported approximately 690,000 pounds of B(g,h,i)P, representing a decrease of approximately 301,000 pounds, or 30 percent, compared to the total quantity of B(g,h,i)P reported for 2001 (Exhibit 4.20). In 2002, the quantity significantly decreased when a facility in Tennessee no longer reported this PC. In 2005, the quantity increased by approximately 130,000 pounds or 23 percent compared to the quantity reported for 2004. Compared to 2001, 43 more facilities reported B(g,h,i)P for 2005. Exhibit 4.21. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (2005) Benzo(g,h,i) perylene (689,704 pounds) Quantity Reported Number of Facilities Reporting This Quantity (2005) Percent of Total Quantity of B(g,h,i)P Reported (2005) up to 10 pounds 249 0.1% between 11 -100 pounds 88 0.5% between 101 -1,000 pounds 45 2.1% between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds 17 6.5% between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds 4 13.7% between 100,001 - 1 million pounds 3 77.1% > 1 million pounds 0 0.0% Three of the 406 facilities that reported B(g,h,i)P for 2005 accounted for approximately 77 percent of the total quantity (Exhibit 4.21). Seven facilities reported approximately 91 percent of the total quantity. 4-16 ------- Where Was Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Generated? Exhibit 4.22. Location of Facilities that Reported Renzo(g,h,i)perylene (2005) 406 Facilities Reporting Benzo(g,h,l)perylene ~ 10 largest facilities reporting benzo(g,h,i)perylene Atlantic Ocean THE UNITED STATES Facilities Reporting Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (2005) Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007 Analysis and Information Branch Since 2001, 406 facilities in 51 states and territories reported B(g,h,i)P (Exhibit 4.22). Exhibit 4.23. Quantity of Benzo(g,h,i)perylene, by EPA Region and State, for Facilities Reporting 95 Percent of the Total Quantity (2001-2005) EPA Region State 2001 (pounds) 2002 (pounds) 2003 (pounds) 2004 (pounds) 2005 (pounds) 4 KY 49 142,047 149,542 181,548 335,193 4 TN 801,205 66,123 152,338 203,097 207,575 3 WV 38,266 15,285 14,691 36,968 39,927 5 Ml 4 4 9,921 6,963 31,947 5 OH 35,729 38,232 12,037 12,902 17,230 2 NY 8,356 8,023 7,825 6,840 6,854 10 WA 15,222 3,271 1,390 1,672 6,783 3 PA 5,973 4,843 38,502 19,033 5,763 4 AL. 950 705 690 3,164 5,094 For 2005, facilities in EPA Region 4 reported approximately 81 percent of the total national quantity of B(g,h,i)P; facilities in Kentucky and Tennessee reported approximately 79 percent of this total (Exhibit 4.23). Some highlights concerning trends for the reported quantity of B(g,h,i)P in states include: 4-17 ------- • In Kentucky, the quantity increased significantly in 2002 and again in 2005. In 2002, the increase was due to the approximately 142,000 pounds reported by a facility that only began reporting B(g,h,i)P for 2002 and has since been the largest reporter of B(g,h,i)P in Kentucky. In 2005, the increase was due to approximately 138,000 pounds reported by a facility that only began reporting B(g,h,i)P for 2005. • Compared to the quantity reported for 2001, facilities in Tennessee reported a decrease of approximately 594,000 pounds. Most of this decrease was attributed to a facility that reported approximately 492,000 pounds for 2001 but none since then. Exhibit 4.24. Quantity of Benzo(g,h,i)perylene, by State and County, for Facilities Reporting 90 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) ( State County Quantity (pounds) of B(g,h,i)P Percent of Total National Quantity of B(g,h,i)P (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 KY Fulton 0 142,003 149,496 181,504 197,280 28.6% TN Maury 297,992 58,816 134,846 201,686 196,446 28.5% KY Hancock 0 0 0 0 137,849 20.0% WV Brooke 35,303 14,930 14,096 36,293 37,011 5.4% Ml Wayne 0 0 9,915 6,957 31,933 4.6% OH Seneca 20,798 11,026 11,825 12,714 15,197 2.2% TN Lawrence 11,167 6,931 17,097 1,064 10,762 1.6% In each of these seven counties, one facility reported virtually 100 percent of the total quantity of B(g,h,i)P for 2005 (Exhibit 4.24). Which Industries Generated Benzo(g,h,i)perylene? Exhibit 4.25. Industry Sectors Quantities of Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (2001-2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Description Facilities reporting B(g,h,i)P in This SIC Code (2005) Quantity (pounds) of B(g,h,i)P Percent of Total Quantity of B(g,h,i)P (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 3624 Carbon and graphite products 13 824,537 222,191 317,465 402,731 428,168 62.1% 3334 Primary aluminum 11 28,139 17,745 12,900 15,016 154,918 22.5% 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 6 50,888 47,031 25,785 48,413 74,961 10.9% Total 30 903,564 286,966 356,150 466,159 658,048 95.4% For 2005, 406 facilities in 50 SIC codes reported B(g,h,i)P. Approximately 95 percent was reported by facilities in three SIC codes (Exhibit 4.25). Some highlights concerning trends for the reported quantity of B(g,h,i)P within these industry sectors include: SIC 3624 (Carbon and graphite products) • A facility in Tennessee reported approximately 492,000 pounds of B(g,h,i)P in 2001 and none since then- thus the large decrease in 2002. • Since 2002, two facilities, one each in Kentucky and Tennessee, reported most of the B(g,h,i)P in this industry sector, including approximately 394,000 pounds or 92 percent of the total quantity in 2005. 4-18 ------- SIC 3334 (Primary Aluminum) • A facility in Kentucky reported approximately 138,000 pounds for 2005 - the first year this facility reported B(g,h,i)P - thus the large increase for this industry sector in 2005. SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) • For 2005, two facilities undergoing shutdown activities reported approximately 35,000 pounds or 47 percent of the B(g,h,i)P reported for this industry sector. One of these facilities reported an increase of approximately 25,000 pounds for 2005, accounting for most of the increased quantity for this sector in 2005. How Did Facilities Manage Benzo(g,h,i)perylene? Exhibit 4.26. Trends in Management Methods for Benzo g,h,i)perylene (2001-2005) Management Method for B(g,h,i)P 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Disposal Quantity (pounds) 85,392 42,908 73,130 78,087 94,185 Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds) 798,749 352,140 320,505 436,582 405,620 Treatment Quantity (pounds) 106,800 60,512 76,699 44,742 189,899 Recycled (pounds)tz 173,248 133,834 61,780 82,982 98,510 Exhibit 4.26 shows the national trends for how facilities managed B(g,h,i)P in 2001-2005. Disposal: In 2002, the quantity decreased by approximately 42,500 pounds or 50 percent and then steadily increased each year. Three facilities, one each in West Virginia, Washington, and Ohio, reported significant decreases of approximately 20,400 pounds, 12,053 pounds, and 10,000 pounds, respectively. For 2003, a facility in Pennsylvania reported an increase of approximately 33,400 pounds. For 2005, a facility in Michigan reported an increase of approximately 25,000 pounds. Energy Recovery: Since 2001, most B(g,h,i)P has been managed using energy recovery. In 2002, the quantity decreased by approximately 447,000 pounds or 56 percent. Two facilities in Tennessee accounted for most of this decrease, reporting 487,000 pounds and 203,000 pounds less than the quantities reported for 2001. Three facilities, one each located in Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Wyoming, reported increases of 142,000 pounds, 56,000 pounds, and 37,000 pounds, respectively that somewhat offset the decreased quantities. Treatment: Treatment quantities have fluctuated since 2001: a facility in Tennessee reported approximately 36,000 less pounds for 2002, while a facility in Kentucky reported an increase of approximately 137,000 pounds for 2005. Recycling: In 2001, facilities recycled approximately 173,000 pounds of B(g,h,i)P - the largest quantity during 2001-2005. A facility in Maryland that had recycled approximately 47,500 pounds in 2001 has only recycled approximately 400 pounds each year since then. Since 2004, a facility in Washington has increased recycling by approximately 24,000 pounds compared to the quantities it recycled in 2001-2003. 12 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8. 4-19 ------- Exhibit 4.27. Management Methods for I >enzo(g,h,i)perylene in Industry Sectors, for Facilities Reporting 95 'ercent of the Total Quantity in 2005 Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description Onsite Disposal (pounds) Offsite Disposal (pounds) Onsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Offsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Onsite T reatment (pounds) Offsite Treatment (pounds) Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) 3624 Carbon and graphite products 1,167 1,775 392,690 0 32,496 39 433 450 3334 Primary aluminum 0 6,189 0 0 148,470 259 37,870 0 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 0 71,247 1,686 1,755 227 46 5,293 6,617 Total 1,167 79,211 394,377 1,755 181,193 344 43,596 7,067 Exhibit 4.27 shows how facilities, by SIC code, managed B(g,h,i)P in 2005. Two facilities in SIC 3624 (Carbon and graphite products), located in Kentucky and Tennessee, accounted for virtually 100 percent of the onsite energy recovery of B(g,h,i)P in this industry sector and for 97 percent of the national total quantity of energy recovery for this PC. A facility in SIC 3334 (Primary aluminum), located in Kentucky, reported approximately 137,000 pounds or 92 percent of the onsite treatment of B(g,h,i)P in this industry sector and approximately 72 percent of the total treatment quantity for 2005. Two facilities in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates), located in Alabama and Michigan, reported approximately 49 percent of the offsite disposal quantity reported for this industry sector and approximately 36 percent of the total disposal quantity for 2005. Both these facilities are being shut down; the B(g,h,i)P disposed of resulted from activities related to shutdown, including the clean-up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. Another facility in SIC 2865, located in West Virginia, reported approximately 37,000 pounds that were disposed of. Two facilities in SIC 3334 (Primary aluminum), located in Texas and Washington, recycled approximately 37,000 pounds or 38 percent of the total quantity recycled. 4-20 ------- Facilities Only Recycling Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Primary SIC Code Onsite Offsite Total SIC Code Description State County Recycling (pounds) Recycling (pounds) Recycling (pounds) 4925 Gas production and/or distribution IN Marion 11,064 0 11,064 PA Allegheny 4,475 0 4,475 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills NY Erie 579 0 579 PA Erie 51 0 51 2952 Asphalt felts and coatings IN La Porte 0 60 60 For 2005, 21 facilities in three industry sectors reported they only used recycling to manage approximately 16,400 pounds of B(g,h,i)P. Exhibit 4.28 shows the facilities and industry sectors that reported 99 percent of the recycled only quantity. 4-21 ------- |