United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-R-08-001 February 2008 National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005) Section 4 Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005): Dibenzofuran Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division Office of Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Information: Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (540) 341-3631 kline.bill@epa.gov Tammie Owen, Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-4044 owen.tammie@epa.gov Ben Lesser, Chief Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-0314 lesser.ben@epa.gov ------- Dibenzofuran Chemical Information: Alternate Names - diphenylene oxide General Uses - Dibenzofuran is used as an insecticide and to make other chemicals. It is made from coal tar and has been found in coke dust, grate ash, fly ash, and flame soot. How Much Dibenzofuran Was Generated? Exhibit 4.38. National Generation of Dibenzofuran (2001-2005) TRI Reporting Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Quantity of Dibenzofuran (pounds) 66,726 288,926 75,605 24,942 139,428 Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Dibenzofuran 11 11 12 11 13 For 2005, 13 facilities reported approximately 139,000 pounds of dibenzofuran, representing an increase of approximately 73,000 pounds, or 109 percent, compared to the total quantity of dibenzofuran reported for 2001 (Exhibit 4.38). Since 2001, the number of reporting facilities remained relatively constant. Exhibit 4.39. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Dibenzofuran (2005) Dibenzofuran (139,428 pounds) Quantity Reported Number of Facilities Reporting This Quantity (2005) Percent of Total Quantity of Dibenzofuran (2005) up to 10 pounds 1 <0.1% between 11 -100 pounds 2 < 0.1% between 101 -1,000 pounds 5 0.8% between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds 3 9.7% between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds 2 89.5% between 100,001 - 1 million pounds 0 0.0% > 1 million pounds 0 0.0% Two of the 13 facilities reported approximately 90 percent of the total national quantity of dibenzofuran (Exhibit 4.39). 4-29 ------- Where Was Dibenzofuran Generated? Exhibit 4.40. Location of Facilities that Reported Dibenzofuran (2005) 13 Facilities Reporting Dibenzofuran ~ 4 largest facilities reporting dibenzofuran Facilities Reporting Dibenzofuran (2005) Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007 Analysis and Information Branch "or 2005, 13 facilities in 10 states reported dibenzofuran (Exhibit 4.40). Exhibit 4.41. Quantity of Dibenzofuran, by EPA Region and State EPA Region State 2001 (pounds) 2002 (pounds) 2003 (pounds) 2004 (pounds) 2005 (pounds) Percent of Total National Quantity of Dibenzofuran (2005) 6 TX 0 0 0 0 87,651 62.9% 5 Ml 0 1,248 52,202 8,115 37,222 26.7% 5 IL 392 6,429 6,113 8,000 6,217 4.5% 3 WV 2,000 3,400 12,022 5,819 5,710 4.1% 3 PA 1,600 2,170 2,706 2,395 2,071 1.5% Facilities in EPA Region 5 consistently reported most of the dibenzofuran from 2001-2004; for 2005, a facility in EPA Region 6 reported dibenzofuran for the first time and accounted for approximately 63 percent of the total quantity (Exhibit 4.41). Two facilities, one each located in Texas and Michigan, reported approximately 90 percent of the total national quantity of dibenzofuran for 2005. The facility in Texas reported dibenzofuran for the first time for 2005. The facility in Michigan is being shutdown; its dibenzofuran was generated primarily from residual processing, tank cleanouts, etc. A facility in Ohio primarily accounted for the large quantities reported for 2001 and 2002; it likewise generated these wastes as a result of shutdown activities. 4-30 ------- Exhibit 4.42. Quantity of Dibenzofuran, by State and County, for Facilities Reporting 99.5 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) ^ State County Quantity (pounds) of Dibenzofuran Percent of Total National Quantity of Dibenzofuran (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 TX Harris 0 0 0 0 87,651 62.9% Ml Wayne 0 1,248 52,202 8,115 37,222 26.7% IL Cook 392 6,429 6,113 8,000 6,217 4.5% WV Brooke 2,000 3,400 12,022 5,819 5,710 4.1% PA Allegheny 1,600 2,170 2,706 2,395 2,071 1.5% One facility, located in Harris County, Texas, reported dibenzofuran for the first time for 2005 and accounted for approximately 63 percent of the total national quantity (Exhibit 4.42). A facility located in Wayne County, Michigan is being shutdown and reported approximately 27 percent of the total quantity. Which Industries Generated Dibenzofuran? Exhibit 4.43. Industry Sectors Quantities of Dibenzofuran (2001-2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Description Facilities Reporting Dibenzofuran in This SIC Code (2005) Quantity (pounds) of Dibenzofuran Percent of Total National Quantity of Dibenzofuran (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 4 65,082 286,288 70,243 21,715 136,175 97.7% 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 2 32 212 2,834 2,624 2,323 1.7% 3272 Concrete products, nec 3 0 2,348 2,101 222 786 0.6% 2491 Wood preservinq 2 117 64 165 116 122 0.1% 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 1 1,245 14 260 261 15 <0.1% 2911 Petroleum refining 1 0 0 2 5 8 <0.1% Total 13 66,726 288,926 75,605 24,942 139,428 100.0% For 2005, facilities in six SIC codes reported dibenzofuran (Exhibit 4.43). Facilities in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) reported the largest quantities of dibenzofuran from 2001 to 2005; in 2005, the quantity of dibenzofuran increased sharply when a facility in this industry sector reported this PC for the first time. In 2002, shutdown activities at a facility in Ohio accounted for approximately 96 percent of the total reported quantity of dibenzofuran. How Did Facilities Manage Dibenzofuran? Exhibit 4.44. Trends in Management IV ethods for Dibenzofuran (2001-2005) Management Method for Dibenzofuran 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Disposal Quantity (pounds) 39,885 17,464 66,104 13,827 43,787 Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds) 22,580 266,235 1,340 6,277 91,466 Treatment Quantity (pounds) 4,261 5,228 8,161 4,839 4,175 Recycled (pounds)14 148,638 136,494 24,754 29,816 77,974 Exhibit 4.44 shows the national trends for how facilities managed dibenzofuran in 2001-2005. 14 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8. 4-31 ------- Disposal: Since 2001, disposal quantities of dibenzofuran fluctuated year to year. The shutdown of two facilities, one each in Ohio and Michigan, contributed to most of these fluctuations. These facilities had year- to-year variations in the quantity of wastes generated from residual processing, tank cleanouts, etc. The facility in Ohio has not reported dibenzofuran since 2002. Energy Recovery • Since 2001, quantities of dibenzofuran that have used for energy recovery have likewise significantly fluctuated from year to year. The shutdown of a facility in Ohio primarily contributed to these fluctuations; year-to-year variations in the quantity of wastes generated from residual processing, tank cleanouts, etc. This facility used energy recovery for approximately 264,000 pounds of dibenzofuran in 2002, but has not reported dibenzofuran since 2002. • For 2005, a facility in Texas reporting dibenzofuran for the first time, used energy recovery for approximately 88,000 pounds. Treatment: Since 2001, only relatively small quantities of dibenzofuran were treated. Recycling • In 2001 and 2002, facilities recycled relatively large quantities of dibenzofuran. A facility being shutdown in Ohio reported a significant portion of these quantities; approximately 91,000 pounds for 2001 and 64,000 pounds for 2002. This facility has not reported dibenzofuran since 2002. • A facility in Illinois reported a large increase (approximately 32,000 pounds) in recycling for 2005. 4-32 ------- Exhibit 4.45. Management Methods for Dibenzofuran in Industry Sectors (2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description Onsite Disposal (pounds) Offsite Disposal (pounds) Onsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Offsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Onsite T reatment (pounds) Offsite Treatment (pounds) Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 0 42,751 0 91,447 1,664 313 39,766 0 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 0 303 0 0 120 1,900 100 0 3272 Concrete products, nec 0 625 0 0 0 161 0 0 2491 Wood preserving 0 101 0 19 0 2 217 0 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 0 0 0 0 3 12 37,891 0 2911 Petroleum refining 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 43,787 0 91,466 1,787 2,388 77,974 0 Exhibit 4.45 shows how facilities, by SIC code, managed dibenzofuran in 2005. Facilities in 5 of the 6 industry sectors used offsite disposal. A facility in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) that is being shutdown reported approximately 85 percent of the total disposal quantity. Another facility in this same industry sector reported dibenzofuran for the first time for 2005 and accounted for 96 percent of the total quantity used for energy recovery. Two facilities, one each in SIC 2865 and in SIC 4925 (Gas production and/or distribution) reported approximately 90 percent of the quantity that is recycled. Facilities Only Recycling Dibenzofuran Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description State County Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) Total Recycling (pounds) 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills PA Allegheny 10,648 0 10,648 Total 10,648 0 10,648 For 2005, one facility reported it only used recycling to manage approximately 10,600 pounds of dibenzofuran (Exhibit 4.46). 4-33 ------- |