United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-R-08-001 February 2008 National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005) Section 4 Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005): Naphthalene Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division Office of Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Information: Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (540) 341-3631 kline.bill@epa.gov Tammie Owen, Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-4044 owen.tammie@epa.gov Ben Lesser, Chief Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-0314 lesser.ben@epa.gov ------- Naphthalene Chemical Information: Alternate Names - naphthalin, tar camphor, white tar General Uses - Naphthalene is used to make products like mothballs that repel and keep moths away. It is also used to make dyes, leather goods, and insecticide. How Much Naphthalene Was Generated? Exhibit 4.114. National Generation of Naphthalene (2001-2005) TRI Reporting Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Quantity of Naphthalene (pounds) 9,999,356 11,033,067 10,294,634 12,975,756 17,213,217 Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Naphthalene 413 423 449 643 632 For 2005, 632 facilities reported approximately 17.2 million pounds of naphthalene, representing an increase of approximately 7.2 million pounds, or 72 percent, compared to the total quantity of naphthalene reported for 2001 (Exhibit 4.114). Approximately 200 more facilities reported naphthalene for 2004 compared to prior reporting years. Many of these facilities began reporting naphthalene for 2004 due to the lowering of the TRI reporting level for this chemical from 1.0 to 0.1 percent. Although the number of reporting facilities increased significantly due to this change, there was not a corresponding significant increase in quantity. For example, although approximately 50 more facilities in SIC 5171 (Petroleum bulk stations) began reporting naphthalene for 2004, the overall quantity reported for that year actually decreased by approximately 24,000 pounds. Off-spec fuel and/or tank cleanout wastes might be the source of the naphthalene. Some of the reasons behind the increased quantities reported for 2004 and 2005 are provided below. Exhibit 4.115. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Naphthalene (2005) Naphthalene (17,213,217 pounds) Quantity Reported Number of Facilities Reporting This Quantity (2005) Percent of Total Quantity of Naphthalene (2005) up to 10 pounds 124 < 0.1% between 11 -100 pounds 91 < 0.1% between 101 -1,000 pounds 141 0.3% between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds 150 3.4% between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds 97 20.8% between 100,001 - 1 million pounds 27 41.4% > 1 million pounds 2 33.9% Two of the 632 facilities reported approximately 34 percent of the total quantity of naphthalene for 2005; 29 of the facilities reported approximately 75 percent of the total quantity (Exhibit 4.115). 4-82 ------- WASHINGTON' EPA v Region 1 NORTH DAKOTA MONTANA MINNESOTA EPA* Region 10 r EPAW Region 5 Wisconsin /new \ » YORK S 4epa§\ Region 2r OREGON IAMPSHII [Huron SOUTH DAKOTA ICHIGAI EPA WYOMING Region 8 IDAHO CTICUT NEVADA .PENNSYLVANIA NEBRASKA EPA * Region 7 ILLINOIS /Region 3%; 'awes f ' . VIRGINIA 9 - VIRGINIA ¦LA WARE 'LAND EPA -Region 9 KANSAS COLORADO CALIFORNIA KENTUCKY MISSOURI 4 TENNESSEE/* EPA~£- * Region 4' 'OKLAHOMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS SOUTH CAROLINA NEW MEXICO 9 EPA Region 6 THE UNITED STATES .OUISIAI TEXAS Gulf of Mexico .ORIDA' Where Was Naphthalene Generated? Exhibit 4.116. Location of Facilities that Reported Naphthalene (2005) f Guam V Facilities Reporting Naphthalene (2005) Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007 Analysis and Information Branch IF Pacific Ocean 632 Facilities Reporting Naphthalene ~ 10 largest facilities reporting naphthalene Other facilities reporting naphthalene Atlantic Ocean In 2005, 632 facilities in 51 states and territories reported naphthalene (Exhibit 4.116). 4-83 ------- Exhibit 4.117. Quantity of Naphthalene, by EPA Region and State, for Facilities Reporting 95 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) ^ EPA Region State 2001 (pounds) 2002 (pounds) 2003 (pounds) 2004 (pounds) 2005 (pounds) Percent of Total National Quantity of Naphthalene (2005) 6 TX 3,282,625 3,602,391 3,454,587 4,692,532 8,680,776 50.4% 3 WV 1,529,958 463,919 683,120 1,027,079 1,048,658 6.1% 6 LA 629,883 798,615 708,621 1,109,004 1,026,531 6.0% 5 Ml 104,159 187,468 241,542 338,474 988,741 5.7% 4 AL 149,150 150,950 130,511 810,775 927,386 5.4% 5 IN 843,409 1,521,948 1,831,284 967,201 715,547 4.2% 3 PA 514,200 513,066 505,708 645,350 514,664 3.0% 10 WA 56,222 81,234 92,569 314,605 481,085 2.8% 5 IL 528,898 502,868 474,777 596,708 460,248 2.7% 2 NJ 334,688 458,297 432,447 453,870 368,106 2.1% 5 OH 320,800 1,003,435 185,250 427,686 300,393 1.7% 4 MS 250,531 214,969 215,025 234,319 280,770 1.6% 9 CA 145,208 201,368 230,393 212,897 231,277 1.3% 4 KY 187,091 213,301 196,649 158,787 227,995 1.3% 4 GA 185,462 199,472 232,418 186,777 224,405 1.3% Since 2001, facilities in EPA Region 6 reported the largest quantities of naphthalene, including approximately 57 percent of the total national quantity of naphthalene for 2005 (Exhibit 4.117). Facilities in Texas reported the largest quantities of naphthalene, including approximately 50 percent of the total national quantity of naphthalene for 2005. Other highlights concerning trends for the reported quantity of naphthalene in states include: In Texas, the quantity of naphthalene reported increased 1.2 million pounds in 2004 and 4 million pounds in 2005. Two facilities accounted for most of these changes. One facility reported increases of approximately 1.3 million pounds in 2004 and 2.4 million pounds in 2005 due to compliance with air pollution standards and a change in how material sent to flaring was calculated. The second facility reported an increase of approximately 1.6 million pounds due to demolition and tank/releases cleanup efforts in 2005. In West Virginia, one facility primarily accounted for the significant decrease in 2002 and subsequent increases in 2003 and 2004. This facility incinerated larger quantities of naphthalene due to difficulties encountered in trying to separate the naphthalene for recovery. In Louisiana, a facility that purchased fuel oil (containing naphthalene) from a waste broker, as an alternative source of energy for its boiler, reported an increase of approximately 227,000 pounds for 2004. In Michigan, a facility that is being shut down reported increases of approximately 160,000 pounds and 592,000 pounds for 2004 and 2005, respectively. These increased quantities are primarily from residual processing, tank cleanouts, etc. as a result of shutting down this facility. 4-84 ------- In Alabama, a facility that is being shut down reported increases of approximately 589,000 pounds and 166,000 pounds for 2004 and 2005, respectively. These increased quantities are primarily from clean-up activities and the cleanout of tanks in preparing for demolition of the facility. In Indiana, one facility accounted for most of the fluctuating quantities; this facility reported increases of approximately 634,000 pounds and 314,000 pounds for 2002 and 2003, respectively as well as a decrease of approximately 862,000 pounds for 2004. This facility attributes the fluctuations to the quantity of paint (containing naphthalene) it uses and the number of steel coils painted per year. Exhibit 4.118. Quantity of Naphthalene, by State and County, for Facilities Reporting 80 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) ( State County Quantity (pounds) of Naphthalene Percent of Total National Quantity of Naphthalene (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 TX Jefferson 113,252 455,131 523,388 1,871,846 4,545,791 26.4% TX Harris 999,758 1,173,882 1,466,829 1,387,951 2,339,697 13.6% AL Jefferson 93,341 107,601 90,300 687,796 833,300 4.8% Ml Wayne 4,244 5,902 8,529 166,855 760,886 4.4% WV Kanawha 1,314,209 96,650 292,886 775,857 703,295 4.1% TX Galveston 1,042,441 738,835 613,337 639,540 664,105 3.9% TX Ector 42,248 40,452 107,087 214,976 662,994 3.9% PA Alleqheny 281,540 277,668 377,780 523,682 403,823 2.3% LA Calcasieu 84,781 99,998 320,031 352,455 359,426 2.1% WV Brooke 215,436 367,106 390,234 250,922 345,363 2.0% WA Spokane 0 0 21 196,913 342,070 2.0% LA St Charles 79,483 65,591 91,488 90,735 288,201 1.7% MS Hinds 229,564 191,551 206,308 229,605 275,740 1.6% IN Marion 270,474 197,770 324,986 346,476 237,319 1.4% NJ Middlesex 201,978 269,979 295,676 342,169 234,010 1.4% IL Cook 161,900 131,407 157,424 280,964 218,349 1.3% TX Brazoria 650,171 520,965 285,199 219,997 201,657 1.2% Ml Midland 73,476 68,371 107,636 108,352 189,130 1.1% IL Madison 212,538 218,895 218,188 238,018 179,956 1.0% Facilities in Jefferson County and Harris County, both in Texas, reported approximately 40 percent of the total national quantity of naphthalene for 2005 (Exhibit 4.118). In each of these counties, one facility accounted for much of the increases reported for 2004 and 2005. Facilities in both Jefferson County, Alabama and Wayne County, Michigan that are being shutdown reported much of the increases in these counties since 2004. 4-85 ------- Which Industries Generated Naphthalene? Exhibit 4.119. Industry Sectors Quantities of Naphtha ene, for Facilities Reporting 90 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Description Facilities Reporting Naphthalene in This SIC Code (2005) Quantity (pounds) of Naphthalene Percent of Total National Quantity of Naphthalene (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2911 Petroleum refining 114 1,259,782 1,323,962 1,347,098 2,655,756 5,324,496 30.9% 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 9 592,369 1,549,766 1,002,559 1,651,918 3,584,765 20.8% 3479 Metal coating and allied services 35 1,582,663 2,344,524 2,578,633 1,943,765 2,064,433 12.0% 2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nec 49 1,126,888 2,003,084 1,882,383 2,316,011 1,425,261 8.3% 2821 Plastics materials and resins 28 398,380 635,225 605,237 557,612 1,030,957 6.0% 2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec 11 1,382,053 143,629 330,346 825,149 737,713 4.3% 2819 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec 5 219,825 106,016 200,248 57,473 419,830 2.4% 3728 Aircraft parts and equipment, nec 1 1,871 1,673 1,671 196,909 342,052 2.0% 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 11 81,765 33,554 73,997 273,506 266,995 1.6% 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 1 270,467 197,741 324,962 346,451 237,049 1.4% Total 264 6,916,063 8,339,174 8,347,134 10,824,549 15,433,552 89.7% For 2005, facilities in 59 industry sectors (SIC codes) reported naphthalene. Exhibit 4.119 shows the quantity of naphthalene for the 10 industry sectors in which facilities reported approximately 90 percent of this PC for 2005. Some highlights concerning trends for the reported quantity of naphthalene within industry sectors include: 4-86 ------- SIC 2911 (Petroleum Refining) Facilities in this industry sector reported approximately 31 percent of the total quantity of naphthalene for 2005. Since 2001, the quantity of naphthalene increased each year, including large increases of approximately 1.3 million pounds in 2004 and 2.7 million pounds in 2005. A facility in Texas accounted for much of these increases, reporting increases of approximately 1.3 million pounds and 2.4 million pounds due to compliance with air pollution standards and re-calculation of material sent to flaring. SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) Since 2001, the quantity of naphthalene has increased significantly by approximately 3 million pounds. Much of the increased quantity was generated from residual processing, tank cleanouts, etc. as a result of shutting down several facilities, including a facility in Michigan that reported increases of approximately 160,000 pounds and 592,000 pounds for 2004 and 2005, respectively and a facility in Alabama that reported increases of approximately 589,000 pounds and 166,000 pounds for 2004 and 2005, respectively. For 2005, a facility in Texas also reported an increase of approximately 1.6 million pounds due to demolition and tank/releases cleanup efforts SIC 3479 (Metal coating and allied services) Facilities in this industry sector reported an increase of approximately 762,000 pounds of naphthalene for 2002 and a decrease of naphthalene of approximately 635,000 pounds for 2004. A facility in Indiana primarily influenced these quantities by reporting an increase of approximately 634,000 pounds for 2002 and a decrease of approximately 862,000 pounds in 2004. This facility attributes the fluctuations to the quantity of paint (containing naphthalene) it uses and the number of steel coils painted per year. SIC 2869 (Industrial organic chemicals, nec) Since 2001, facilities in this industry sector reported quantities of naphthalene that fluctuated significantly from year to year. Some of the notable quantities reported include: o For 2002, a facility in Louisiana reported an increase of approximately 257,000 pounds and a facility in Texas reported an increase of approximately 103,000 pounds, o For 2003, a facility in Louisiana reported an increase of approximately 201,000 pounds and a facility in Texas reported an increase of approximately 149,000 pounds, o For 2004, a facility in Louisiana reported an increase of approximately 227,000 pounds as a result of using fuel oil (containing naphthalene) as an alternative source of energy for its boiler. A facility in Texas reported an increase of approximately 118,000 pounds as a result of cleanup of a release. o For 2005, a third facility in Texas reported a decrease of approximately 383,000 pounds due to the variability in crude oil that was refined. SIC 2821 (Plastics materials and resins) Facilities in this industry sector reported significant increases of naphthalene for 2002 and again for 2005. For 2002, a facility in Texas reported an increase of approximately 228,000 pounds. For 2005, a facility in Texas reported approximately 152,000 pounds-a one time reporting of this PC by this facility. A second facility in Texas reported an increase of approximately 456,000 pounds. SIC 2879 (Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec) A facility in West Virginia reported a decrease of naphthalene of approximately 1.2 million pounds for 2002 and an increase of naphthalene of approximately 495,000 pounds for 2004. This facility sent its naphthalene to offsite recovery in 2002, but due to difficulties encountered in trying to separate the naphthalene for recovery, it reverted to incinerating larger quantities of naphthalene since 2003. 4-87 ------- SIC 3728 (Aircraft parts and equipment, nec) One facility reported naphthalene in this industry sector. This facility reported significant increases for 2004 and again for 2005. How Did Facilities Manage Naphthalene? Exhibit 4.120. Trends in Management Methods for Naphthalene (2001-2005) Management Method for Naphthalene 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Disposal Quantity (pounds) 480,888 467,562 545,361 598,434 1,312,678 Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds) 5,534,450 5,013,093 4,195,578 5,552,601 6,561,844 Treatment Quantity (pounds) 3,984,018 5,552,412 5,553,696 6,824,721 9,338,695 Recycled (pounds)23 6,343,965 25,716,881 18,495,109 19,255,356 11,930,988 Exhibit 4.120 shows the national trends for how facilities managed naphthalene in 2001-2005. Disposal: From 2001 to 2004, approximately 5 percent of naphthalene was disposed of. In 2005, the quantity disposed of more than doubled primarily due to the generation of wastes (692,000 pounds) by the shutdown of a facility in Michigan and the cleanup of a release (183,000 pounds) at a facility in Louisiana. Energy Recovery: From 2001 to 2004, facilities used energy recovery to manage an average of approximately 5.1 million pounds or 46 percent of the naphthalene. In 2005, the quantity increased by approximately 1 million pounds. A facility in Texas reported approximately a 1.2 million pound increase from demolition and tank/releases cleanup efforts. A facility in Alabama reported an increase of approximately 148,000 pounds from the clean-up and cleanout of tanks in preparation for demolition of the facility. Treatment: In 2005, treatment of naphthalene increased by approximately 5.4 million pounds or 134 percent, compared to the quantity treated in 2001. Significant increases of approximately 1.6 million pounds, 1.3 million pounds, and 2.5 million pounds were reported for 2002, 2004, and 2005, respectively. A facility in Texas reported increases of approximately 286,000 pounds, 1.3 million pounds, and 2.4 million pounds for these years, respectively - attributed to compliance with air pollution standards and a change in how material sent to flaring was calculated. Recycling: Compared to the quantity of naphthalene recycled in 2001, recycling increased by approximately 5.6 million pounds or 88 percent in 2005. The quantity has fluctuated, including an increase of approximately 19.4 million pounds in 2002, and decreases of approximately 7.2 million pounds and 7.3 million pounds in 2003 and 2005, respectively. A facility in Texas accounted for much of these fluctuations, reporting an increase of 19 million pounds for 2002 followed by decreases of approximately 7.4 million pounds, 3,5 million pounds, and 4.7 million pounds for 2003 to 2005. 23 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8. 4-88 ------- Ex libit 4.121. Management Methods for Naphthalene in Industry Sectors, for Facilities Reporting 90 Percent of the Total Quantity (2005) Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description Onsite Disposal (pounds) Offsite Disposal (pounds) Onsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Offsite Energy Recovery (pounds) Onsite T reatment (pounds) Offsite Treatment (pounds) Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) 2911 Petroleum refining 187,843 18,040 6,556 43,593 5,021,269 47,195 4,907,360 20,633 2865 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 129,811 850,443 10 2,046,340 95,960 462,201 1,635,887 162,125 3479 Metal coating and allied services 0 0 607,947 103,535 1,346,737 6,214 7,945 16,324 2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nec 9,488 13,309 183,424 194,289 707,519 317,232 788,938 3,706,710 2821 Plastics materials and resins 30 10,790 151,986 790,211 52,130 25,810 283 9,780 2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec 5 4 699,152 840 9,539 28,173 5,594 0 2819 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec 0 801 414,828 651 2,244 1,307 9,004 0 3728 Aircraft parts and equipment, nec 0 0 341,602 300 0 150 0 0 3312 Blast furnaces and steel mills 0 3,227 18,463 0 215,660 29,645 214,174 45,000 4925 Gas production and/or distribution 0 42 0 231,532 5,402 73 115,275 0 Exhibit 4.121 shows how facilities, within the 10 industry sectors in which approximately 90 percent of this PC was reported for 2005, managed naphthalene. Facilities in SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates) reported most of the naphthalene that was disposed of, primarily by facilities being shut down and generating wastes from activities related to the clean-up and cleanout of tanks and processing of residuals. Facilities in SIC 2865 also reported approximately 35 percent of the naphthalene sent to energy recovery. Much of this quantity originated from the clean-up of releases and cleanouts of tanks at facilities in Texas and Alabama. Facilities in SIC 2911 (Petroleum refineries) and SIC 3479 (Metal coating and allied services) reported approximately 76 percent of the treatment quantity, mostly onsite. Facilities in three industry sectors: SIC 2911 (Petroleum Refining), SIC 2865 (Cyclic crudes and intermediates), and SIC 2869 (Industrial organic chemicals, nec) reported approximately 95 percent of the naphthalene that was recycled in 2005. 4-89 ------- Facilities Only Recycling Naphthalene Exhibit 4.122. Facilities That Only Recycled Naphthalene in 2005 Primary SIC Code SIC Code Description State County Onsite Recycling (pounds) Offsite Recycling (pounds) Total Recycling (pounds) 2851 Paints and allied products AR Pulaski 1,357 0 1,357 2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec WV Wayne 262,390 0 262,390 3325 Steel foundries, nec WA Pierce 18,849 77 18,926 3357 Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating KY Metcalfe 0 14,668 14,668 3721 Aircraft AZ Pima 0 1,438 1,438 FL Miami-Dade 0 106,468 106,468 5171 Petroleum bulk stations and terminals CO Adams 4,770 0 4,770 CT New Haven 0 3,545 3,545 PA Allegheny 0 1,413 1,413 9711 National security VA Norfolk City 0 14,094 14,094 For 2005, 40 facilities in 12 industry sectors reported they only used recycling to manage approximately 433,000 pounds of naphthalene. Ten facilities reported approximately 99 percent of this quantity (Exhibit 4.122). Of these ten facilities, two facilities, one each in SIC 2879 (Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec) and SIC 5171 (Petroleum bulk stations and terminals) reported approximately 85 percent of the recycled only quantity. 4-90 ------- |