United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-R-08-001 February 2008 National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005) Section 4 Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005): Pendimethalin Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division Office of Solid Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contact Information: Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (540) 341-3631 kline.bill@epa.gov Tammie Owen, Data Analyst Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-4044 owen.tammie@epa.gov Ben Lesser, Chief Analysis & Information Branch (703) 308-0314 lesser.ben@epa.gov ------- Pendimethalin Chemical Information: Alternate Names - 3, 4-xylidine, benzenamine, penoxalin General Uses - Pendimethalin is used as a pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide on cotton, dry onions, dry bulb shallots, edible beans, corn, legumes, garlic, grain, nonhealing fruit, nut crops, peanuts, potatoes, rice, soybeans, sugar cane, sunflowers, sweet corn, and sweet lupine. It is also used for pre- emergence control of many annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Pendimethalin is applied by broadcasting, directed spray, and soil treatment. How Much Pendimethalin Was Generated? Exhibit 4.123. National Generation of Pendimethalin (2001-2005) TRI Reporting Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Quantity of Pendimethalin (pounds) 169,180 421,827 429,551 475,695 558,622 Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin 12 11 8 7 7 For 2005, seven facilities reported approximately 559,000 pounds of pendimethalin, representing an increase of approximately 340,000 pounds, or 230 percent, compared to the total quantity of pendimethalin reported for 2001 by 12 facilities. In 2002, the quantity significantly increased by approximately 253,000 pounds or 250 percent and has steadily increased each year, including an increase of approximately 83,000 pounds in 2005 (Exhibit 4.123). Exhibit 4.124. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin (2005) Pendimethalin (558,622 pounds) Quantity Reported Number of Facilities Reporting This Quantity (2005) Percent of Total Quantity of Pendimethalin (2005) up to 10 pounds 0 0.0% between 11 -100 pounds 0 0.0% between 101 -1,000 pounds 1 0.2% between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds 2 1.4% between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds 3 28.4% between 100,001 - 1 million pounds 1 70.0% > 1 million pounds 0 0.0% One facility reported 70 percent of the total national quantity of pendimethalin for 2005 (Exhibit 4.124). 4-91 ------- Where Was Pendimethalin Generated? Exhibit 4.125. Location of Facilities that Reported Pendimethalin (2005) Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin (2005) Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007 Analysis and Information Branch or 2005, seven facilities in four states reported pendimethalin (Exhibit 4.125). Facilities in five other states that had reported pendimethalin for 2001 -2004 did not report this PC for 2005. Ex libit 4.126. Quantity of Pendimethalin, by EPA Region and State (2001-2005) EPA Region State 2001 (pounds) 2002 (pounds) 2003 (pounds) 2004 (pounds) 2005 (pounds) Percent of Total National Quantity of Pendimethalin (2005) 7 MO 111,401 339,641 280,131 260,235 391,287 70.0% 4 FL 30,598 57,219 119,470 187,711 158,454 28.4% 5 OH 7,984 11,246 25,505 26,549 6,553 1.2% 2 NJ 346 665 2,328 0.4% Total 150,329 408,771 425,106 474,495 558,622 92.8% Since 2001, facilities in EPA Regions 4 and 7 consistently reported most of the pendimethalin, including approximately 98 percent of the total national quantity reported for 2005 (Exhibit 4.126). Facilities in Missouri and Florida reported approximately 98 percent of the total national quantity for 2005 and likewise reported most of the pendimethalin since 2001. 4-92 ------- Exhibit 4.127. Quantity of Pendimethalin, by State and County (2001-2005) s County Quantity (pounds) of Pendimethalin Percent of Total National Quantity of Pendimethalin (2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MO Marion 111,401 339,641 280,131 260,235 391,287 70.0% FL Palm Beach 12,177 19,800 52,272 95,733 80,058 14.3% FL Henry 8,712 36,699 49,689 63,156 64,762 11.6% FL Hiqhlands 9,709 720 17,509 28,822 13,634 2.4% OH Union 7,284 8,417 5,212 4,039 5,720 1.0% NJ Salem 185 665 0 0 2,328 0.4% OH Belmont 700 2,829 20,293 22,510 834 0.1% Total 169,180 421,827 429,551 475,695 558,622 100.0% One facility, located in Marion County, Missouri reported 70 percent of the total national quantity of pendimethalin for 2005 (Exhibit 4.127). Facilities in three Florida counties reported approximately 28 percent of the total quantity. Which Industries Generated Pendimethalin? Exhibit 4.128. Industry Sectors Quantities of Pendimethalin (2001-2005) Pr SIC Description Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin in This SIC code (2005) Quantity (pounds) of Pendimethalin Percent of Total Quantity of Pendimethalin (2005) C 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec 1 122,342 341,007 284,576 261,435 391,287 70.0% 0133 Suqar cane and suqar beets 2 0 0 0 0 144,820 25.9% 2875 Fertilizers, mixinq only 3 25,635 23,656 43,014 55,371 20,187 3.6% 2869 Industrial orqanic chemicals, nec 1 185 665 0 0 2,328 0.4% Total 7 148,162 365,328 327,590 316,806 558,622 100.0% For 2005, facilities in four industry sectors reported pendimethalin (Exhibit 4.128). A facility in SIC 2879 (Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec) reported the largest quantities of pendimethalin from 2001 to 2005, including 70 percent of the total quantity for 2005. This facility, located in Missouri, manufactures pendimethalin for use as pesticides; increased demand for pesticide products caused the increased quantity in 2005. Two facilities (same company) in SIC 0133 (Sugar cane and sugar beets) reported pendimethalin in this SIC code for the first time for 2005. Both these facilities reported as SIC 2061 (Raw cane sugar) in 2004. Prior to 2004, these facilities had reported as SIC 2062 (Cane sugar refining) facilities. These facilities use pendimethalin is a weed killer that is applied to acres dedicated to sugar crops based on density growth. Hurricanes may have played a role for increasing demand of pendimethalin in 2005. 4-93 ------- How Did Facilities Manage Pendimethalin? Exhibit 4.129. Trends in Management Methods for Pendimethalin (2001-2005) Management Method for Pendimethalin 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Disposal Quantity (pounds) 39,555 72,404 139,764 210,222 159,288 Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds) 0 0 0 0 0 Treatment Quantity (pounds) 129,625 349,423 289,787 265,473 399,334 Recycled (pounds)24 7,120 41,401 4,360 2,875 2,512 Exhibit 4.129 shows the national trends for how facilities managed pendimethalin in 2001-2005. Disposal: Since 2001, facilities disposed of approximately an average of 29 percent of pendimethalin each year; in 2004, the quantity disposed of peaked at approximately 44 percent of the total quantity. Energy Recovery: No energy recovery was reported. Treatment: Since 2001, facilities have primarily treated pendimethalin at approximately an average of 71 percent of the total quantity each year. Recycling: Aside from the approximately 41,400 pounds of pendimethalin that was recycled in 2002, of which 79 percent was reported by one facility, a relatively small quantity of pendimethalin was recycled. Since 2002, the quantity recycled has decreased each year. Exhibit 4.130. Management Methods for Pendimethalin in Industry Sectors (2005) Primary Onsite Offsite Onsite Offsite Onsite Offsite SIC SIC Code Description Disposal Disposal T reatment Treatment Recycling Recycling Code (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) 0133 Sugar cane and sugar beets 144,820 0 0 0 0 0 2869 Industrial organic chemicals, nec 0 0 2,328 0 0 0 2875 Fertilizers, mixing only 0 14,467 0 5,720 2,512 0 2879 Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec 1 0 370,000 21,286 0 0 Total 144,821 14,467 372,328 27,006 2,512 0 Exhibit 4.130 shows how facilities, by SIC code, managed pendimethalin in 2005. Two facilities in SIC 0133 (Sugar cane and sugar beets) disposed of all their pendimethalin onsite. Two facilities (same company) in SIC 2875 (Fertilizers, mixing only), reported 100 percent of the pendimethalin disposed of offsite. These two facilities also reported 100 percent of the recycling quantity. One facility in SIC 2879 (Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec) reported approximately 99 percent of the total onsite treatment quantity. 24 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8. 4-94 ------- |