United States
Environmental Protection
Agency

EPA530-R-08-001
February 2008

National Priority Chemicals Trends Report (2001-2005)

Section 4

Chemical Specific Trends Analyses for Priority Chemicals (2001-2005):

Pendimethalin

Hazardous Waste Minimization and Management Division
Office of Solid Waste
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Contact Information:

Bill Kline, Senior Data Analyst
Analysis & Information Branch
(540) 341-3631
kline.bill@epa.gov

Tammie Owen, Data Analyst
Analysis & Information Branch
(703) 308-4044
owen.tammie@epa.gov

Ben Lesser, Chief
Analysis & Information Branch
(703) 308-0314
lesser.ben@epa.gov


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Pendimethalin

Chemical Information:

Alternate Names - 3, 4-xylidine, benzenamine, penoxalin

General Uses - Pendimethalin is used as a pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicide on cotton, dry
onions, dry bulb shallots, edible beans, corn, legumes, garlic, grain, nonhealing fruit, nut crops, peanuts,
potatoes, rice, soybeans, sugar cane, sunflowers, sweet corn, and sweet lupine. It is also used for pre-
emergence control of many annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds. Pendimethalin is applied by
broadcasting, directed spray, and soil treatment.

How Much Pendimethalin Was Generated?

Exhibit 4.123. National Generation of Pendimethalin (2001-2005)

TRI Reporting Year

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Total Quantity of Pendimethalin (pounds)

169,180

421,827

429,551

475,695

558,622

Number of TRI Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin

12

11

8

7

7

For 2005, seven facilities reported approximately 559,000 pounds of pendimethalin, representing an increase of
approximately 340,000 pounds, or 230 percent, compared to the total quantity of pendimethalin reported for
2001 by 12 facilities. In 2002, the quantity significantly increased by approximately 253,000 pounds or 250
percent and has steadily increased each year, including an increase of approximately 83,000 pounds in 2005
(Exhibit 4.123).

Exhibit 4.124. Distribution of Quantities for Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin (2005)

Pendimethalin (558,622 pounds)

Quantity Reported

Number of Facilities Reporting
This Quantity (2005)

Percent of Total Quantity of
Pendimethalin (2005)

up to 10 pounds

0

0.0%

between 11 -100 pounds

0

0.0%

between 101 -1,000 pounds

1

0.2%

between 1,001 - 10,000 pounds

2

1.4%

between 10,001 - 100,000 pounds

3

28.4%

between 100,001 - 1 million pounds

1

70.0%

> 1 million pounds

0

0.0%

One facility reported 70 percent of the total national quantity of pendimethalin for 2005 (Exhibit 4.124).

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Where Was Pendimethalin Generated?

Exhibit 4.125. Location of Facilities that Reported Pendimethalin (2005)





Facilities Reporting Pendimethalin (2005)

Office of Solid Waste - Fall 2007
Analysis and Information Branch

or 2005, seven facilities in four states reported pendimethalin (Exhibit 4.125). Facilities in five other states
that had reported pendimethalin for 2001 -2004 did not report this PC for 2005.

Ex

libit 4.126. Quantity of Pendimethalin, by EPA Region and State (2001-2005)

EPA
Region

State

2001
(pounds)

2002
(pounds)

2003
(pounds)

2004
(pounds)

2005
(pounds)

Percent of Total
National Quantity
of Pendimethalin
(2005)

7

MO

111,401

339,641

280,131

260,235

391,287

70.0%

4

FL

30,598

57,219

119,470

187,711

158,454

28.4%

5

OH

7,984

11,246

25,505

26,549

6,553

1.2%

2

NJ

346

665





2,328

0.4%

Total

150,329

408,771

425,106

474,495

558,622

92.8%

Since 2001, facilities in EPA Regions 4 and 7 consistently reported most of the pendimethalin, including
approximately 98 percent of the total national quantity reported for 2005 (Exhibit 4.126). Facilities in Missouri
and Florida reported approximately 98 percent of the total national quantity for 2005 and likewise reported most
of the pendimethalin since 2001.

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Exhibit 4.127. Quantity of Pendimethalin, by State and County (2001-2005)

s

County

Quantity (pounds) of Pendimethalin

Percent of Total
National Quantity
of Pendimethalin
(2005)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

MO

Marion

111,401

339,641

280,131

260,235

391,287

70.0%

FL

Palm Beach

12,177

19,800

52,272

95,733

80,058

14.3%

FL

Henry

8,712

36,699

49,689

63,156

64,762

11.6%

FL

Hiqhlands

9,709

720

17,509

28,822

13,634

2.4%

OH

Union

7,284

8,417

5,212

4,039

5,720

1.0%

NJ

Salem

185

665

0

0

2,328

0.4%

OH

Belmont

700

2,829

20,293

22,510

834

0.1%

Total

169,180

421,827

429,551

475,695

558,622

100.0%

One facility, located in Marion County, Missouri reported 70 percent of the total national quantity of
pendimethalin for 2005 (Exhibit 4.127). Facilities in three Florida counties reported approximately 28 percent
of the total quantity.

Which Industries Generated Pendimethalin?

Exhibit 4.128. Industry Sectors Quantities of Pendimethalin (2001-2005)

Pr

SIC Description

Facilities
Reporting
Pendimethalin
in This SIC
code (2005)

Quantity (pounds) of Pendimethalin

Percent
of Total
Quantity of
Pendimethalin
(2005)

C

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2879

Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec

1

122,342

341,007

284,576

261,435

391,287

70.0%

0133

Suqar cane and suqar beets

2

0

0

0

0

144,820

25.9%

2875

Fertilizers, mixinq only

3

25,635

23,656

43,014

55,371

20,187

3.6%

2869

Industrial orqanic chemicals, nec

1

185

665

0

0

2,328

0.4%

Total

7

148,162

365,328

327,590

316,806

558,622

100.0%

For 2005, facilities in four industry sectors reported pendimethalin (Exhibit 4.128). A facility in SIC 2879
(Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec) reported the largest quantities of pendimethalin from 2001 to 2005,
including 70 percent of the total quantity for 2005. This facility, located in Missouri, manufactures
pendimethalin for use as pesticides; increased demand for pesticide products caused the increased quantity in
2005. Two facilities (same company) in SIC 0133 (Sugar cane and sugar beets) reported pendimethalin in this
SIC code for the first time for 2005. Both these facilities reported as SIC 2061 (Raw cane sugar) in 2004. Prior
to 2004, these facilities had reported as SIC 2062 (Cane sugar refining) facilities. These facilities use
pendimethalin is a weed killer that is applied to acres dedicated to sugar crops based on density growth.
Hurricanes may have played a role for increasing demand of pendimethalin in 2005.

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How Did Facilities Manage Pendimethalin?

Exhibit 4.129. Trends in Management Methods for Pendimethalin (2001-2005)

Management Method for
Pendimethalin

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Disposal Quantity (pounds)

39,555

72,404

139,764

210,222

159,288

Energy Recovery Quantity (pounds)

0

0

0

0

0

Treatment Quantity (pounds)

129,625

349,423

289,787

265,473

399,334

Recycled (pounds)24

7,120

41,401

4,360

2,875

2,512

Exhibit 4.129 shows the national trends for how facilities managed pendimethalin in 2001-2005.

Disposal: Since 2001, facilities disposed of approximately an average of 29 percent of pendimethalin each year;
in 2004, the quantity disposed of peaked at approximately 44 percent of the total quantity.

Energy Recovery: No energy recovery was reported.

Treatment: Since 2001, facilities have primarily treated pendimethalin at approximately an average of 71
percent of the total quantity each year.

Recycling: Aside from the approximately 41,400 pounds of pendimethalin that was recycled in 2002, of which
79 percent was reported by one facility, a relatively small quantity of pendimethalin was recycled. Since 2002,
the quantity recycled has decreased each year.

Exhibit 4.130. Management Methods for Pendimethalin in Industry Sectors (2005)

Primary



Onsite

Offsite

Onsite

Offsite

Onsite

Offsite

SIC

SIC Code Description

Disposal

Disposal

T reatment

Treatment

Recycling

Recycling

Code



(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

0133

Sugar cane and sugar beets

144,820

0

0

0

0

0

2869

Industrial organic chemicals, nec

0

0

2,328

0

0

0

2875

Fertilizers, mixing only

0

14,467

0

5,720

2,512

0

2879

Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, nec

1

0

370,000

21,286

0

0

Total

144,821

14,467

372,328

27,006

2,512

0

Exhibit 4.130 shows how facilities, by SIC code, managed pendimethalin in 2005. Two facilities in SIC 0133
(Sugar cane and sugar beets) disposed of all their pendimethalin onsite. Two facilities (same company) in SIC
2875 (Fertilizers, mixing only), reported 100 percent of the pendimethalin disposed of offsite. These two
facilities also reported 100 percent of the recycling quantity. One facility in SIC 2879 (Pesticides and
agricultural chemicals, nec) reported approximately 99 percent of the total onsite treatment quantity.

24 For additional information on recycled quantities see footnote 8.

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