PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Chemical Safety and
Pollution Prevention
Draft Risk Evaluation for
Perchloroethylene
Systematic Review Supplemental File:
Data Extraction Tables of Environmental Fate and
Transport Studies
CASRN: 127-18-4
CI CI
CI CI
April 2020
-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Table of Contents
Table 1. Biodegradation Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Table 2. Bioconcentration Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Table 3. Photolysis Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Table 4. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Table 5. Sorption Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Table 6. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
EPI Suite™ Model Outputs
References
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Table 1. Biodegradation Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Data
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Water
Digested
sludge:
Preconditione
d with
methane or
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal
Aerobic
bottle test
initial mass
= 37 ng
fbased on active
bottles and
expected mass"):
Methane culture:
0%/20d
(reported as -
5%); phenol
culture: -
The reviewer
Aerobic serum bottle
test
phenol
bacteria,
municipal
digester
sludge from
the batch
reactor
cultures
aerobic
20 days
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Long et
aL
C19931
High
15%/20d
other: Pure
culture: T.
versicolor
Pure culture aerobic
biodegradation
5 mg/L
(ATCC#4523
0);
maintained
by
subculturing
on 2% malt
extract agar
slants (pH
4.5) at room
temperature.
Subcultures
were
routinely
aerobic
9 days
Biodegradation
parameter: rate
constant:
0.20 to 0.28
nmol h1 mg1 dry
weight of
biomass/3d
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Long et
al.
("19931
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
made every
30 days.
Reductive
dechlorination in semi-
continuous digester
using a mixed culture
inoculum
50 irmol/L
anaerobic
microorganis
ms: Mixed
culture
isolated from
sludge of
urban
wastewater
treatment
plant (Bourg-
en-Bresse
France);
methanogenic
, sulfate-
reducing,
acetogenic
bacteria
anaerobic
37 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent
dechlorination:
100%/37 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
dechlorination
rate:
5.2 nmol/mg
protein/day
Biodegradation
parameter:
removal rate:
3.3 |iM day-1,
calc. during first
9 days; conc. of
trichloroethylen
e increased at
the same rate
during this time
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Cabirol
et al.
f19961
High
Non-guideline; closed
system, incubated in
the dark at 35 C,
inverted to minimize
gas leakage
<200 ng/L
activated
sludge,
adapted; To
the medium
was added
lOml/L of a
methanogenic
anaerobic
57 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
concentration
finitial
concentration:
200 ug/Ll:
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Bouwer
and
Mccartv
("19831
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
mixed
culture,
grown in a
laboratory-
scale digester
fed waste-
activated
sludge, xylan
and cellulose.
160 |ig/L after
19d;
1.63 to
<10.7
irmol/L
other: First-
generation
and sixth-
anaerobic
Sixth
generatio
n:
Biodegradation
parameter:
Dercent removal
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
Freedma
n and
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
reactor with an
generation
Methanol
via
overall quality
Gossett
anaerobic enrichment
enrichment
42 to 110
dechlorination:
level.
("19891
culture
culture
days;
>99% (0.15 to
obtained
Glucose
0.81%
from semi-
25 to 114
remaining);
continuous
days;
Biodegradation
reactor,
semi-
parameter:
operated at
continuou
dechlorination
35C with
s
products:
digested
operation
Ultimate
sludge
16-90
product: ethene:
obtained
days
intermediates
from
followed
products: vinvl
anaerobic
by
chloride(major),
digester
incubatio
TCE, 1,2-DCEs;
seeded from
n period
Biodegradation
Ithaca
7-30 days
parameter:
wastewater
dechlorination
treatment
rate: after 309
plant
days 36.4 |.unol
PCE consumed,
4.90 nmolVC
and 12.0 |imol
ethene
remained.
Reductive
dechlorination
was not suitable
unless an
electron donor
was present
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Non-guideline
incubation
10 mg/L
other: aquifer
material -
Traverse City
Microcosms
anaerobic
250 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
transformation
rate: -4.43+/-
0.95 |iM/day.
Similar results
obtained in the
presence of
toluene,
ethylbenzene or
benzoate.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Edwards
et al.
("19921
High
Non-guideline
incubation
<10 mg/L
other; aquifer
material -
Pensacola
Microcosms
anaerobic
250 days
Biodeeradation
parameter:
transformation
rate: -1.45+/-
0.34 |iM/day
(day 1-40) and -
2.16+/-0.34
l_iM/day (day
116-131).
Similar results
obtained in the
presence of
toluene under
the same
conditions but
not when no
other organic
compounds
were present
with a stable
toluene
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Edwards
et al.
("19921
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Data
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
degrading
suspended
consortia
derived from the
Pensacola
microcosms.
Biodegradation
parameter:
transformation
Non-guideline
incubation
<10 mg/L
other; aquifer
material -
Tyndall
Airforce Base
anaerobic
85 days
rate in toluene
amended
sample: 0.013+/-
0.066 |iM/day.
PCE not
transformed in
the presence of
benzoate or
phenol.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
Edwards
et al.
("19921
High
Microcosms
level.
Biodegradation
parameter: test
substance
transformation
rate: 0.0
|iMol/mg total
suspended
solids/h
The reviewer
non-guideline;
screening test
6.5 |rm
other;
Hanford soil
microcosms
aerobic
30 hours
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Kim et
aL
("20001
High
non-guideline
anaerobic
biodegradation
experiment
17-176
Hg/mL
other;
methanogenic
mixed culture
grown in a
laboratory-
scale
anaerobic
16 weeks
Biodegradation
parameter:
concentration:
56 |ig/L after
16w for 176
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Bouwer
et al.
119811
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
digester fed
waste-
activated
sludge
|ig/L initial
concentration;
20 |ig/L after
16w for 36 |ig/L
initial
concentration;
7 |ig/L after 16w
for 17 |ig/L
initial
concentration;
limited
degradation
Static-culture flask-
screening test
5 and 10
mg/L
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted;
Settled
domestic
wastewater
aerobic
28 days
(includes
7-day
static
incubatio
n and 3
weekly
subcultur
es)
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal
45%/7d and
87%/28d (5
mg/L initial
concentration);
30%/7d and
84%/28d (10
mg/L initial
concentration)
Significant
degradation with
rapid adaptation
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Tabak et
al.
119811
High
Granular sludge from
USAB reactor treating
sugar beet refinery
wastewater
1000-1500
nmol/batch
activated
sludge,
industrial,
non-adapted;
Granular
sludge from
anaerobic
65 days
Biodegradation
parameter: rate
constant f first
order
transformation
kinetics"): 0.048
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
van
Eekert
et al.
f2oon
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
USAB reactor
treating sugar
beet refinery
wastewater
day-lg-1 volatile
suspended
solids;
Biodeeradation
parameter:
product:
trichloroethene;
Some
disappearance of
test substance
was seen in
presence of
autoclaved
sludge.
Other; Static
microcosms
4.2 mg/L
natural
water/sedim
ent:
freshwater;
Sediment
included
muck from
vegetation
decay and
marl
(carbonaceou
s precipitate
of algal
growth). 4g
muck or 6g
marl used.
aerobic
16 weeks
Biodegradation
parameter:
Concentration
(ug/L) of
degradation
products f95%
confidence
interval in
parentheses'):
Trichloroethene:
Week 0 - ND;
Week 2 -
510(4,175);
Week 16 - Trace.
Cis-DCE: Wk 0 -
ND, wk 2 -
300(1,360), wk
16 ND. Trans-
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Parsons
et al.
("19851
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Data
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
DCE: WkO-ND,
weeks 2 and 4 -
trace, wk 16 -
ND.
Transformation
was not
observed in
nonviable
microcosms
anaerobic
microorganis
Biodegradation
ms; Pure
cultures
parameter:
percent removal:
Pure culture anaerobic
dehalogenation;
isolation of strain and
optimization of growth
50-200
mmol/L
(strain TT4EQ
obtained
from
anaerobic
sediments
from a stream
in
Massachusett
s
contaminated
with TCE and
toluene
anaerobic
10 days
100%/10d;
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation
products:
trichloroethylen
e and cis-
dichloroethylene
. No abiotic
dehalogenation
was observed.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Krumhol
z et al.
f19961
High
Non-guideline
3.33 |Tg/mL
[approx.]
other; muck
from the
Everglades
anaerobic
30 days
Biodegradation
parameter: Half-
life: 34 days
Wood et
aL
ri98ii
High
Reductive
dechlorination in a
semi-continuous
reactor with an
>3.5 <55
irmol/L
other;
Methanol-
PCE
Enrichment
anaerobic
195 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal
via
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
Di Stefan
o et al.
ri99ii
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
anaerobic enrichment
culture
culture using
a
methanogenic
bacterium
and a method
reference
(HER028022
94)
dechlorination:
100%/2-4d;
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation
products:
ethene with very
little or no vinyl
chloride and
negligible
quantities of
trichloroethene
and
dichloroethene
isomers.
overall quality
level.
Non-guideline; other
other:
Anaerobic
mixed culture
known to be
capable of
dechlorinatin
g PCE to
ethene
seeded with
aquifer
material from
a PCE-
contaminated
site in
Victoria, TX
anaerobic
1 hour
Biodeeradation
parameter:
Dechlorination
rate: 77 |iM/day
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Hasten
and
Mccartv
("19991
High
Non-guideline; other
6.98 mg/L
activated
sludge
aerobic/anaer
obic
14 days
Biodeeradation
Darameter:
The reviewer
agreed with
Kastner
("19911
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
(adaptation
not
specified);
enrichment
cultures from
contaminated
groundwaters
from site
former
solvent-
recycling
factor in
Germany
percent removal:
anaerobic:
0%/14d
Biodegradation
parameter:
removal: aerobic
changed to
anaerobic
conditions: some
transformation/
14d;
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation
products: 100%
transformation
of PCE to cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene
(cDCE)
in aerobically
prepared
medium with
nitrogen atm
this study's
overall quality
level.
Influents and effluents
of 27 Korean WWTPs
screened for 22
chemicals
activated
sludge,
industrial
(adaptation
not
specified);
Various
treatment
processes
not specified
3 months
Biodesradation
parameter:
percent removal
f aver age.
estimated from
graph!: 72%
Removal
Percentage %
(degradation,
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Lee et al.
f.20151
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
used: 15 used
activated
sludge
process,
remaining
used
sequencing
batch
reactors,
biological
nutrient
removal
process,
chemical
coagulation
and
sedimentatio
n, or contact
oxidation.
volatilization,
sorption to
solids, all
included in
"removal")
Continuous flow
column study
110 mg/L
anaerobic
microorganis
ms
anaerobic
2- or 4-
days
detention
time
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
99.98%
Biodeeradation
parameter:
Degradation
products:
trichloroethylen
e,
dichloroethylene
, vinyl chloride,
and carbon
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Control
groups were
not reported,
limiting study
evaluation.
Voeel
and
Mccartv
("19851
Low
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
dioxide; a
stepwise
degradation
scheme was
proposed.
Continuous-flow
column study
0.76 mg/L
anaerobic
microorganis
ms;
Methanogenic
bacteria
anaerobic
10 and 22
days
Biodegradation
parameter:
concentration:
300 |ig/L to 5
lig/L-
Biodegradation
parameter:
Degradation
products:
trichloroethylen
e,
dichloroethylene
, vinyl chloride,
and carbon
dioxide; a
stepwise
degradation
scheme was
proposed.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Voeel
and
Mccartv
("19851
High
other; Pure
cultures:
Pseudomonas
stutzeri 0X1,
Luria-Bertani
growth
medium at 30
C
aerobic
24 hours
Biodegradation
parameter:
Degradation
products: 65%
chloride ion
generated
Initial
degradation
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Rvoo et
al.
T20001
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
rates
determined by
sampling every 7
min for up to 2
hours
Non-guideline
91 mg/L
PCE-MeOH
enrichment
culture, yeast
extract
anaerobic
60 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
reaction
conditions:
Hydrogen was
able to serve as
the electron
donor in
reductive
dechlorination of
perchloroethyle
ne to vinyl
chloride and
ethylene over
periods of 14-40
days.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Di Stefan
o et al.
119921
High
Simulated seasonal
field study
natural
water:
marine; NR
aerobic
Biodegradation
parameter: half-
lives: 25 d
(spring), 14 d
(summer), 12 d
(winter)
Volatilization
dominated the
loss of test
material
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Wakeha
m et al.
("19831
Medium
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Simulated seasonal
field study
0.5 to 2
irmol/L
natural
water:
marine; NR
aerobic
24 hours
Biodegradation
parameter: half-
lives poisoned
with HsCl? and
not poisoned,
respectively:
12.1 d and 12.0
d;
Based on the
half-lives with
and without
HgC12 poisoning,
the loss of test
material was
determined to be
primarily by
volatilization.
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Wakeha
m et al.
("19831
Medium
Degradation in muck-
water
200 ng
natural
water;
Everglades
muck and
water
collected on
Feb 12,1979
not specified
70 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
100%/70 days
Biodegradation
parameter: half-
life: 33.8 days
(primary
degradation)
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: The
starting
material had
reported
impurities.
Dow
Chemica
1 ("19801
Medium
The influent and
effluent concentrations
of several VOCs were
measured at two
WWTPs and compared
activated
sludge,
industrial,
adapted
aerobic
Biodegradation
parameter:
predicted DCM
biodegradation
removal: WWTP
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Namkun
e and
Rittman
n ("19871
Medium
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
to a model developed
by the authors that
estimated VOC
removal by
volatilization,
adsorption, and
biodegradation based
on the WWTP
operational conditions.
#1: 84% (mainly
by
volatilization);
WWTP #2:
83.1% (mainly
by volatilization)
Degradation/dechlorin
ation using an
enrichment culture
300 and 600
irmol/L
other;
Enrichment
culture of
over 98%
Dehalococcoi
des, obtained
in 3 phases;
microcosm
set up with
groundwater
from
chlorinated
ethene-
contaminated
anaerobic
aquifer in
Bitterfeld
Germany;
preparation
methods
described
briefly and
referenced
anaerobic
120 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
100%/110d;
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation
products: vinvl
chloride, ethene
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Cichocka
et al.
f20101
Medium
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Anaerobic continuous-
flow column studies
>4.4 |ig/L
and <20.5
mg/L
anaerobic
bacteria;
Methanogenic
bacteria in a
continuous
column;
active
methanogenic
conditions
established
over several
years through
periodic
treatment of
different
organic waste
streams
anaerobic
22 days;
Liquid
detention
in large
column =
6 days;
small
column =
2-4 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
98-99.98%
(primary
reduction during
the small column
experiments);
Biodegradation
parameter:
concentration:
300 |ig/L was
reduced to
below 5 |ig/L
(the large
column
experiments)
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Control
groups were
not reported,
limiting study
evaluation.
Vogel
and
Mccartv
("19851
Low
calculation
not specified
anaerobic
Biodegradation
parameter:
reduction
potential for
transformation
half-reactions:
PCE to TCE -0.7
volts at 0 and
lOOdegC.
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Study
reports
calculated
estimates with
limited details
for endpoints
related to fate
(thermodynam
ic property).
Haas
and
Shock
119991
Low
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Anaerobic
biodegradation
1.06 mg/L
anaerobic
sludge;
anaerobic
microorganis
ms from a
municipal
waste
treatment
plant
anaerobic
100 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
100%/40d
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Due to
limited
information,
evaluation of
the
reasonableness
of the study
results was not
possible.
Gossett
("19851
Low
non-guideline aerobic
biodegradation
experiment
8.8+/-15%
and 74+/-
15% |.ig/mL
other;
Primary
sewage
effluent Palo
Alto, CA,
Water
Pollution
Control
Facility
aerobic
25 weeks
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent
remaining:
120-125%
relative to
control samples;
limited
degradation
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Greater
than 100% of
test substance
was remaining
relative to the
controls after
25 weeks.
Bouwer
et al.
ri98n
Low
Pure culture study
using anaerobic
methanogenic bacteria
>1 to <3
mg/L
Methanosarci
na sp. strain
anaerobic
13 days
Biodegradation
parameter: rate
constant:
5.7-6.0
nmol/day;
Species specific
biodegradation
study excluded.
Fatherm
re and
Bovd
119881
Unaccepta
ble
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Biodegradation
parameter: CH4
production rate
constant:
180 nmol/day
during the active
phase of
methanogenesis
Batch sewage sludge
microcosm experiment
digested
sludge;
digester
sludge from
several
industrial and
municipal
sewage
treatment
plants canton
de Vaud
(Switzerland]
anaerobic
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal
in test svstem:
No degradation
or loss occurs
Biodegradation
results were
not reported
for
Perchloroethyl
ene.
Balsieer
et al.
T200S1
Unaccepta
ble
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Anaerobic
biodegradation with
municipal solid waste
(MSW), biowaste,
and/or compost
4 to 5
mg/kg
other;
Digester filled
with MSW,
biowaste, or
compost;
MSW from
unsorted
waste from
households,
trade and
communities,
organic waste
from private
households of
Hamburg
Germany
anaerobic
Not
specified;
likely
>130 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation rate
in test svstem:
PCE was
degraded at a
low rate under
acidic conditions
and at a higher
rate in the
methane phase
(however, only
very low
concentrations
of perc initially
added were
found in the gas
phase, attributed
to adsorption
and rapid
decomposition
The study did
not include or
report control
groups to
validate the
system used.
Deioser
and
Ste eman
n ("19971
Unaccepta
ble
Degradation in open
and closed systems
>0.1 to <1
ppm
natural
water:
marine;
Seawater
collected
from outside
Lysekil on the
Swedish
Coast
not specified
14 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal
in open-light,
closed-light, and
closed-dark
svstems.
respectivelv:
50%, 40%, 54%
Serious
uncertainties
or limitations
were identified
in sampling
methods of the
outcome of
interest. In
addition, loss
from leaks in
valves and
lensen
and
Rosenbe
rg
("19751
Unaccepta
ble
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
open test
systems were
likely to have a
substantial
impact on the
results, making
the study
unusable.
non-guideline;
Modified shake flask
closed bottle
biodegradation test
not specified
aerobic
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
0%/21d
Possibly
multiple studies
(1) Acclimation
period with
adaptive
transfers after
48 or 72h with
and without
lactose; (2) No
biodegradation
after 2 Id
acclimation
period in a river
die-away study
without co-
substrate
Testing
methods and
conditions
were not
reported, and
data provided
were
insufficient to
interpret
results in this
secondary
source; citing
HERO ID
18157,
Mudder, T. I.
and J. L.
Musterman
(1982).
ECHA
f2017bl
Unaccepta
ble
inhibition of gas
production to
anaerobic sludge from
1000mg/L
sewage,
domestic
(adaptation
not
anaerobic
48 hours
Parameter:
inhibition of gas
production:
7.3% inhibition
Study
describes
inhibition of
gas production
Dow
Chem Co
("19771
Low
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Data
Initial
Concentrati
on
Affiliate
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Study Type (year)
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
d
Referen
ce
an operating municipal
sludge digester
specified); Mt
Pleasant MI
WWTP
at 10 mg/L; 20%
inhibition at 100
mg/L; 36% at
300 mg/L; 50%
at 550 mg/L
after 48h
not
biodegradation
rates or
transformation
pathways.
Biodegradation
non-guideline;
Degradation in muck-
water
200 ng
Everglades
muck and
water
collected on
Feb 12,1979
Not specified;
anaerobic
conditions
assumed
70 days
parameter:
unspecified:
100% after 70
days;
Biodegradation
parameter: half-
life: 33.8 days
(primary
degradation).
The estimated
time to complete
decay of200ug
Testing
conditions
were not
reported, and
data provided
were
insufficient to
Dow
Chemica
1 ("19801
Medium
interpret
results.
appears to be
approximately
70 days.
Sediment
Biodegradation
other; Non-guideline
500 ng/L
natural
water/sedim
ent:
freshwater
aerobic/anaer
obic
436d
parameter:
percent removal:
90% on days
338-436;
16% during day
140-337
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Chene et
aL
f20101
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Static microcosm with
muck and surface
water in sealed septum
bottles
100
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
21 days
Biodegradation
parameter:
percent removal:
72.2%/21d
The reviewer
agreed with
this study's
overall quality
level.
Parsons
et al.
("19841
Medium
other; Reductive
dechlorination in
anaerobic sediment;
column and batch
studies
>0.6 to <9
irmol/L
natural
water/sedim
ent
anaerobic
Continuo
us-flow
column
>300
days;
batch >44
days
Biodegradation
parameter:
degradation
product: 95-98%
PCE was
recovered as
ethane under
steady-state
column
conditions in the
presence of
lactate
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: No
control groups
or validation
were reported.
de Bruin
et al.
("19921
Low
Anaerobic
biodegradation in Ni
contaminated
sediment
600 |Tmol/L
Anaerobic,
nutrient poor
sediment,
contaminated
with
chloroethene
and nickel,
collected at a
depth of 15m
near a former
metalworking
industrial
plant in the
Netherlands;
microbial pop
anaerobic
1 year (52
wks]
Biodeeradation
parameter:
degradation
products:
Ethene/ethane
production was
observed after
31 weeks; the
addition of
sulfate and
lactate were
necessary for
microbial
activity;
approximately 1
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Specific
results stating
degradation
rates and/or
half-lives were
not reported.
Drzvzga
et al.
("20021
Low
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
range10A2-
10A3 cells/g
of sediment
under sulfate
reducing
conditions
mM chloride was
detected in the
effluent
(background
from control was
0.5mM]
Microbial reductive
dechlorination of PCE
in sediment
microcosms
55 mmol/L
sewage,
domestic,
non-adapted
anaerobic
Biodegradation
parameter:
dechlorination
products:
Reductive
dechlorination of
PCE in
sediments from
3 locations
generated more
trans-DCE than
cis-DCE;
sediment from
one location
generated a
lower trans-/cis-
DCE ratio
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted: Due to
limited
information,
evaluation of
the
reasonableness
of the study
results was not
possible.
Chene et
al.
f20101
Low
Soil
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Initial
Concentrati
on
Inoculum
Source
(An)aerobic
Status
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliate
d
Referen
ce
Data
Quality
Evaluatio
n Results
of Full
Study
Report
Other; Biodegradation
in a continuous flow
system. Long-term
operation of a sand
column fed methanol
and concentrations of
PCE under anaerobic
continuous flow
conditions.
>12 to <720
irmol/L
Biomass from
an anaerobic
digester at
the
Metropolitan
Toronto Main
Treatment
Plant
anaerobic
2.5 years
Biodegradation
parameter:
removal rates
fthree different
column zones'):
1.23-1.60
|.unol/(h mg of
protein) at 0-15
cm; 0.21-0.26
|iMol/(h mg of
protein) at 0-30
cm; and 0.11-
0.13 |imol/(h mg
of protein) at 0-
45 cm.
The reviewer
downgraded
this study's
overall quality
rating. They
noted:
Continuous
flow reactor
with a sand
column that's
fed PCE and
methanol;
experiment a
treatment
system, the
study may not
be relevant to
fate and
environmental
degradation
and therefore
not applicable
to fate
assessment.
Isalou et
al.
f19981
Low
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Table 2. Bioconcentration Study Summary for Perch lor oethylene
Study Type
(year)
Initial
Concentratio
n
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliated
Referenc
e
Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
Bioconcentratio
n in Bluegill
sunfish:
Aquarium with
well-water and
modified
continuous-flow
proportional
dilution
apparatus for
chemical
introduction
3.43±1.53
^g/L
Bluegill
sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus
) 100 per
aquarium
Tetrachloroethylen
e 21 days; Test: 28
days or until
equilibrium; water
and fish samples
collected
periodically until
apparent
equilibrium was
reached or the max
exposure of28
days was reached
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF:
49 (bluegill);
Bioconcentration
parameter: half-life:
< 1 day
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level. This
study is related to
another study,
HERO ID 3970785,
Echa.
Bioaccumulation:
aquatic/sediment:
Tetrachloroethylen
e. 2017.
Barrows
et al.
f19801
High
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF DfUl:
118 (algae, uptake);
Kinetic uptake
measured via a
13C method and
ECD-GC method
0.22 or 0.50
mg/L
Skeletonema
costatum
72 hours
Bioconcentration
parameter:
BCF D(T): 113 (algae);
derived from exp data
for % inhibition and
exposure
concentration with
time
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Wane et
al. P19961
High
Kinetic uptake
measured via a
13C method and
ECD-GC method
0.22 or 0.50
mg/L
Heterosigma
akashiwo
72 hours
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF DfUl:
312 (algae, uptake);
Bioconcentration
parameter:
BCF D(T): 280 (algae);
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Wang et
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type
(year)
Initial
Concentratio
n
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliated
Referenc
e
Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
derived from exp data
for % inhibition and
exposure
concentration with
time
"Bioaccumulatio
n test of a
chemical
substance in fish
or shellfish"
provided in "the
Notice on the
Test Method
Concerning New
Chemical
Substances"
0.1 and 0.01
ppm
Cyprinus
carpio
8 weeks
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF:
25.8-77.1 [high);
28.4-75.7 (low) (carp)
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level. The
BCF study is also
available from the
NITE website.
Kawasaki
f19801
High
Uptake-
clearance of a
Perc commercial
product
0.06121 and
0.650 ppm
Rainbow
trout (Salmo
gairdneri]
48-hour exposure
followed by 144-
hour clearance
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF:
39.7 (rainbow trout)
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Dow
Chemical
fl9731
High
Method
described by
Branson et al
1974 for
determination of
BCF in Rainbow
trout
Two
concentration
s an order of
magnitude
apart
Salmo
gairdneri
Bioconcentration
parameter: BCF:
39.6 ± 5.5 (rainbow
trout)
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Neelv et
;
Medium
Not specified
Golden ide
(Leuciscus
idus)
Bioconcentration
parameter:
unspecified: 90
(Golden ide)
Limited study
information
provided (i.e. study
controls not
reported).
Freitag et
al. fl9851
Unacceptabl
e
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type
(year)
Initial
Concentratio
n
Species
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliated
Referenc
e
Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
Monitoring of
halogenated
hydrocarbons in
mollusks and
fish and
comparison to
concentrations
in seawater
Bassinum
undatum;
Modiolus,
Pecten
maximus;
Conger,
Gadus
morhua,
Pollachius
birens,
Scylliorhinu
s canicula,
Trisopterus
luscus
Bioconcentration
parameter: monitoring:
Relative to their
seawater levels these
compounds were only
slightly enriched;
usually by a factor of 2
- 25x (snails, scallops,
eels, marine fish)
Bioconcentration
parameter:
concentration in
organs:
brain>gill>liver>muscl
e; exceptions were
noted
The test substance
concentration in
seawater was not
reported. Results
provided are a
range of BCF (2-
2 5x) that are not
test compound or
organism specific.
Dickson
and Rilev
f19761
Unacceptabl
e
Long term
accumulation
experiment in
apparatus
similar to that
used for acute
tox
determination
0.03 and 0.3
mg/L
Dab
10 days and up to 3
months (3-35
days)
Bioconcentration
parameter:
accumulation factor in
organs:
5-9 times for flesh and
200-400 times for liver
(dab)
The study did not
report crucial
details on method,
sampling and
organisms.
Pearson
and
Mcconnell
C19751
Unacceptabl
e
Bioaccumulation
; purge-trap
method using a
Dean-stark
apparatus
5 and 100
lig/L
Mytilus
edulis
8 and 21 days
Bioconcentration
parameter: BAF:
25.7 (mussel)
Foreign language
paper with abstract
and data tables in
English. Full text
article review
needed when
available in English.
Saisho et
al. f19941
Unacceptabl
e
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Table 3. Photolysis Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Study Type
(year)
Wavelength Range
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
Air
Other; calculation
Atmospheric
lifetime in three
regimes of the
troposphere
based on OH
Reaction rate
constant
Photodegradation
parameter:
Tropospheric
lifetime at 288 K.
263 K. and 260 K.
respectivelv:
80,119, and 251
days
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
U.S. EPA ("19871
High
Other; Test
material injected
into quartz flask
containing air to
give
concentrations in
the range of 10-7
to 10-4 by mass.
Outdoor light
Photodegradation
parameter: direct
photolvsis half-
life:
50%/12 weeks
Testing conditions
were not reported,
and data provided
were very general;
concentration of test
material not
specified. Ambient
air used for
experiment was not
subject to any
pretreatment or
analysis; climate and
conditions were not
controlled.
Pearson and
Mcconneii f19751
Unacceptable
Water
Direct photolysis
in quartz tubes
366 nm
5 days
Photodegradation
parameter: direct
photolvsis:
Negligible
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Chodola et al.
fl9891
High
Photodegradation
in water (indirect
photolysis)
185-254 nm
60 minutes
Photodegradation
parameter:
indirect
photolvsis rate
constants:
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Shiravama et al.
f20011
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type
(year)
Wavelength Range
Duration
Result
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
0.221 kdeg min1
(oxygenated) and
0.287 kdeg min-
ifoxygen free)
Photodegradation
parameter:
indirect
photolvsis half-
lives:
3.75 min
(oxygenated) and
3.39 min (oxygen
free)
Nonguideline lab
study - direct
photolysis
sunlight
1 year
Photodegradation
parameter: direct
photolvsis half-
life:
50%/8.8 months
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Related HERO ID,
Echa.
Phototransformation
in water:
Tetrachloroethylene.
2017.
Dilline et al.
fl9751
High
Photoinduced
reductive
dechlorination in
water containing
ferrous and/or
sulfide ions
Intensity 530±20 lux
33 days
Photodegradation
parameter:
indirect:
reductive
dechlorination:
No appreciable
degradation was
observed with
any medium with
or without
photolysis
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Dooneand Wu
119921
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Table 4. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
Study Type
(year)
PH
T emperature
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
Nonguideline;
hydrolysis
study
4 and 9.2
4 and 502C (at both
pH values)
7 days
Hvdrolvsis
parameter:
conditions for
reaction:
Under acidic and
basic conditions,
the percent
difference of areas
at 4 and 502C
ranged between -
14% to +1%
indicating that the
chance for
transformation of
tetrachloroethylene
by hydrolysis
under
environmentally
relevant conditions
of temperature and
pH is minimal.
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Chodola et
al. ("19891
High
Nonguideline
lab study in
Pyrex tubes
with light-
proof
container,
shaken every
2-weeks,
water purged
with air for
15 min prior
approx. 252C
1 year
Hvdrolvsis
parameter: half-
life:
50%/8.8 months
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
Dilling et al.
("19751
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type
(year)
PH
T emperature
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
to addition of
chlorinated
compounds
Alkaline
homogenous
hydrolysis
experiments;
a range of pH
and
temperature
evaluated.
Arrhenius
temperature
dependence
assumed.
2-14
130-1702C
30 min to several
days (for all test
materials; specific
duration for
tetrachloroethylene
not specified)
Hvdrolvsis
parameter: half-life
fpH 7.25 °C1:
50%/9.9xl08 years
The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.
leffers et al.
119891
Medium
Table 5. Sorption Study Summary for Perch lor oethylene
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
Other; Non-guideline
study using bottle-point
method for isotherm
experiments
Filtrasorb 400
activated carbon
at 500 and 1500
m/u
Background
organic matter
was treated old
municipal
landfill leachate
DOC 300 mg/L
2 weeks
Sorption
parameter: Kf:
MilliO water:
7.071 ±0.09
(mg/g)/(ng/L)
and
l/n = 0.4412
±0.0061
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Serial et al.
f19941
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
in Dover,
Delaware
OECD Guideline 106
(Adsorption -
Desorption Using a
Batch Equilibrium
Method)
7 samples of
Danish clayey till
from three sites
at depths of 2.4
to 9.5 m below
the surface (4
contaminated; 3
uncontaminated)
foc% 0.02-0.08;
% Clay content
23.0-27.0; 4
samples
reduced clayey
till; 3 samples
oxidized clayey
till
Sorption
parameter: Kd
f3 sites,
oxidized clavl:
1.55±0.08,
1.03±0.02, and
0.84±0.05;
Sorption
parameter: Kd
f4 sites,
reduced clavl:
2.41+0.07,
2.16±0.05,
2.45±0.08, and
I.81±0.14;
Sorption
parameter: Kf
f oxidized
clavl:
II.25±3.80;
Sorption
parameter: Kf
(2 sites,
reduced clavl:
21.30±4.11
and
32.56±14.3
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Lu et al.
f.20111
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
Sorption
parameter: log
Kd fcalculated
from log Kd =
0.590 log
Kow-1.5611
f oxidized
clavl:
3.29, 3.54, and
3.62
Sorption
parameter: los
Kd fcalculated
from log Kd =
0.590 log
Kow-1.5611
f reduced
clavl: 3.78.
3.86, 3.69, and
3.41
Other; Non-guideline
study
pulverized
sediment (5-50
g] with a known
volume of
synthetic
groundwater (5-
17 mL] and mass
of PCE, from
methanol stock
solution, was
either flame
sealed into a
glass ampoule or
sealed with a
Three samples
consisted of
sand and gravel
and three
samples
consisted of
medium to fine
sand.
Sorption
parameter:
Kd: sand and
gravel:
0.82,1.16, and
1.92
Sorption
parameter:
Kd: medium to
fine sand:
0.8,1.16, and
0.82
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Wane et al.
f20131
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
PTFE-lined butyl
rubber septum
into serum vial
Other; Sorption on
wastewater solids
(isotherm test)
Wastewater
solids collected
from three
different
municipal
WWTP near
Cincinnati, OH
Mixed-liquor
solids, primary
sludge,
anaerobically
digested sludge
Sorption
parameter:
adsorption
coefficient K:
primarv
sludge, mixed-
liquor solids
and digested.
sludge,
respectivelv:
0.60, 0.90,
0.70
Sorption
parameter: log
Kp: primarv
sludse. mixed-
liquor solids
and digested.
sludge,
respectivelv:
2.90,3.01,
3.09
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Dobbs et al.
119891
High
Other; Vapor
partitioning/ adsorption
in aquifer solids
Aquifer solids
from
contaminated
aquifers in
Livermore
Valleys CA with
low natural
organic matter
Sand clay and
silt: Surface
area: 13-29
m2/g; Organic
content 0.0064-
0.11%; particle
diameter: <75-
150 |im; Sand
Sorption
parameter: Kf:
0.0048
(nonlinear
isotherm 1/n
= 0.62)
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Farrell and
Reinhard
f19941
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
sediment with
sand-sized
aggregates in
clay and silt
portion: internal
porosity 0.54
mL/g; pore
diameter: 69
Angstrom
Other; Vapor
partitioning/ adsorption
in aquifer solids
Aquifer solids
from
contaminated
aquifers in Santa
Clara CA
consisting of
fragments of
sedimentary
rocks (54%),
single grains
(30%), igneous
and
metamorphic
rock fragments
(16%)
Column solids
were in
equilibrium
with 100%
relative
humidity;
desorption
isotherms
measured with
stepwise batch
techniques;
solids allowed
to adsorb PCE
vapors at ca.
79% saturation
and equilibrated
for 1 week,
purged and
equilibrate for
another 1-3
week
Sorption
parameter: Kf:
0.0054
(nonlinear
isotherm 1/n
= 0.43)
The reviewer agreed
with this study's
overall quality level.
Farrell and
Reinhard
f19941
High
Secondary source,
based on several
experimental studies
Sorption
parameter:
Koc:
141
(log Koc =
2.15)
The reviewer
downgraded this
study's overall
quality rating. They
noted: Limited
information
reported in this
secondary source
ECHA
f.2017al
Unacceptable
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Study Type (year)
Sorbent Source
Sorbent
Qualities
(clay/silt/sand,
OC, pH)
Duration
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report
and unable to
confirm study
results with cited
reference HEROID
3839195, ECB
(2005). European
Union risk
assessment report:
Tetrachloroethylene.
Part 1 -
Environment. United
Kingdom, European
Commission - Joint
Research Centre
Institute for Health
and Consumer
Protection European
Chemicals Bureau.
57.
Table 6. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Perchloroethylene
System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
Measured concentrations
of tetrachloroethylene in
sediments of Scheldt
Estuary and water
samples from Southern
North Sea
Partitioning based on
measurements in
sediments of Scheldt
Estuary and water
Southern North Sea
Parameter: log Koc fsw.
ecQl
1.58 (Log Koc, sw: 0.94,
1.83,1.99,2.34; Log Koc
0.92,1.82,1.96,2.26)
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Roose et al.
f2oon
High
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
Biodeeradation
Anaerobic batch fed
reactor
digested sludge; Municipal
anaerobic digester sludge
parameter: test reactor
influent/effluent
comparison:
.Average reactor influent
of Perc = 120 ug/L,
average reactor effluent
= 3 ug/L
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Lone et al.
("19931
High
Biodegradation
Aerobic batch fed reactor
digested sludge; Municipal
anaerobic digester sludge
parameter: test reactor
influent/effluent
comparison:
Average reactor influent
= 160 ug/L; average
reactor effluent = 42
ug/L
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Lone et al.
("19931
High
Parameter: WWTP
influent/effluent
comparison:
Tetrachloroethene was
detected in 94% of
Analysis of NYC
municipal wastewaters;
influent samples and
74% of effluent samples;
Influent and effluent
samples were collected
Analysis of NYC municipal
wastewaters from 1989-
the concentration range
detected in influent was
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
Stubin et al.
("19961
High
from 14 Water Pollution
1993
5-78 |ig/L and effluent
quality level.
Control Plants in New
was 1-69 |ig/L.
York City
Tetrachloroethene was
one of five commonly
observed volatiles
detected; present in at
least a third or more of
all the samples analyzed.
VOCs injected into water
Parameter: percent
The reviewer
Tancrede et
Low
line of shower and glass
volatilization at 25 °C. 33
downgraded this study's
al. (19921
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
syringes were used to
collect air and water
samples.
°C. and 42 °C.
respectivelv:
56% +/-7%, 66% +/"?%
and 68% +/-7%
Parameter: percent
volatilization at 42 °C bv
flow rates:
69% +/-7% at flow rate
9.7 L/min and 68% +/-
7% at flow rate 13.5
L/min
overall quality rating.
They noted: Study
investigated
volatilization from
shower water. Study
results may not be
relevant to a
specific/designated Fate
endpoint.
Desorption profiles
obtained from PCE alone
and PCE mixed with TCE
in sediment
Diffusion/desorption on
natural solids
Parameter: Diffusion rate
constant of PCE alone
and PCE in mix with TCE.
respectivelv: 5.00E-
4/min (95%CI: 0.02E-4,
initial sorbed mass: 8.1
|ig/g) and 7.33E-4/min
(95%CI: 0.05E-4, initial
sorbed mass: 9.2 ng/g]
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
C2.Q..Q1)
High
Modified EPA method
624
Stripping of volatile
organics from wastewater
Parameter: WWTP
influent/effluent
comparison:
88 and 139 |ig/m3 max
off gas samples; avg
influent and effluent:
0.2 |ig/L in water and 40
and 43 |ig/m3 in off gas
at skyway, influent and
effluent: 0.3 and 0.2 |ig/L
in water and 82 and 115
|ig/m3 in off gas at
highland creek
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Bell et al.
("19931
High
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
VOC's were measured in
water samples between
November 2006-June
2008; by comparing STE
and post-RO samples
matched to plant and
date the overall
treatment efficiency was
calculated as a
proportion of the
removal
Monitoring of water
samples and correlation to
treatment efficiency
Parameter: WWTP
removal efficiencv:
The median removal
efficiency was 91.2% for
tetrachloroethene; STE
samples (n=29): 86.2%
detections; post-MF
samples (n=9): 88.9%
detections; post-RO
samples (n=27): 14.8%
detections
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Rodriguez et
al. C20121
High
gravimetric
measurements by a
Mettler H54 balance
evaporation rates of
solutes from water
Parameter: volatilization
rates at 23.2 °C and 3.5
°C. respectively:
1.36E5 g/cm2-s and
4.77E4 g/cm2-s
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Chiou et al.
("19801
High
Refers to Hill et al.
Volatilization rate study
for high-volatility
compounds
Parameter: volatilization
rate constant ratios
kvC/kvo: 0.52 +/- 0.09
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Smith et al.
("19801
High
Concentrations in air,
water and sludge phases
analyzed under four
different operational
circumstances evaluating
single and combined
effects of aeration and
sludge addition on phase
distributions; sludge
added prior to
experiments; aeration
3rd-10th hour
Fugacity model approach
to VOC fate in WWTP
Parameter: partitioning:
The concentrations of the
VOCs
in the air, water, and
sludge phases of the
bioreactor were analyzed
regularly. Mass
distributions indicated
that Perc was mainly
present in the water
phase throughout the
four treatment stages;
less than 1% of the total
mass was subject to
biological sorption
and/or degradation by
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Chen et al.
("20141
High
-------
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
the sludge; water
aeration resulted in
increased partitioning to
the air phase with a
negative impact on
biological removal; Perc
mass distribution
throughout the 4 stages:
~99% water, ~0.4% air,
less than 0.1% sludge
Reductive
dehalogenation
measured in static
microcosms with 8 mL
leachate and 10 mM PCE
under 80%-N2:10%-
C02: 10%-H2
atmosphere with and
without organic carbon
amendments
Dehalogenation of PCE in
landfill leachates with and
without organic carbon
amendments under
anaerobic conditions
Extent of dehalogenation
was correlated with the
availability of organic
carbon; 19% degradation
after 14 days in low
carbon Cell 8 leachate
and almost all PCE and
some TCE degradation
after 30 days; greater
than 75% degradation
after 14 days in high car
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Leahv and
Shrevef20001
High
Concentration in seawater
and air
Parameter: seawater to
air flux:
0.02-160.4 (mean 34.3)
nmol nr2 d1
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
He et al.
f20131
High
200 rpm stirring of the
solution with a shallow
pitch
propeller stirrer in still
air
Parameter: volatilization
half-life: 27.1 min
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Dillii
High
Transformation study
under anaerobic
conditions
non-guideline
Parameter: abiotic
dechlorination in the
presence of iron half-
lives at 50 °C and 23 °C
respectively:
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Schreier and
Reinhard
("19941
Medium
-------
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
20d+/-4 and 38d+/-25;
dechlorination did not
occur in the presence of
manganese
wastewater flow: 41.5,
21,852,2390, 499,110
and 30.5 1/min. Volatile
organic loading rate:
14.6, 4.6,292,286,19,
5.29, 0.395 kg/L. Feed
ratio: 9.6,10.5,28.8, NA,
14.7, 7.1,1.4 kg/kg for
plants A-G respectively
7 steam stripper
operations are reported
Parameter: percent
removal from steam
stripper operations:
>99.2 and >99.89
removal from plant C and
D, respectively, no
removal plants A, B, E-G.
The reviewer agreed
with this study's overall
quality level.
Blanev 119891
Medium
Parameter: 8h TWA in
air:
150,280, 3800, 380 ppb;
Parameter: air
concentration:
0-20 ppm v/v;
Parameter: WW
concentration:
0.19-47 ng/L
Mill Creek, Little Miami
River, and Muddy Creek
treatment plants
The reviewer
downgraded this study's
overall quality rating.
They noted: The
volatility is reported for
3 sites in open systems.
Dunovantet
al. f19861
Low
continuous release of
chemicals and steady
hydrological parameters
assumed to develop a
steady-state model for
estimating concentration
in river
Hydrological data and
monitoring samples are
used to calculate
volatilization
Parameter half-life in
river:
4-6 d;
Perc release from the
river is variable with an
average value of 0.6%.
Mainly removed by
volatilization.
The analytical method
used for detection of the
test substance was not
reported.
Briieeemann
and Trace
("19881
Unacceptable
-------
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System
Study Type (year)
Results
Comments
Affiliated
Reference
Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report
Full scale Wet Air
Oxidation [WAO] of
solvent still bottoms and
general organic waste
details are reported by
Radimsky and Shah
1985; parameters used
to measure performance
were COD, BOD, and
DOC; off-gas emissions
measured by THC as
methane;
Wet air oxidation
performance data
Parameter: percent
removal from test
svstem:
95.35% Effluent
concentration solvent
still bottoms of
tetrachloroethylene = 40
mg/L
Due to limited
information, evaluation
of the reasonableness of
the study results was not
possible.
Matienzo
("19891
Unacceptable
Performance data was
collected on full scale
batch fractional
distillation systems as
referenced in the source
document
Distillation performance
data
Parameter: performance
of test svstem:
Mean solvent
concentration of
distillation residues:
tetrachloroethylene 12
reported values, mean
concentration = 4;
feasible treatment level =
3.0 mg/kg
Due to limited
information, evaluation
of the reasonableness of
the study results was not
possible.
Matienzo
("19891
Unacceptable
Samples taken from
WWTP to evaluate air
stripping and removal of
Perc/PCE
Partitioning in activated
sludge plant
Parameter: percent
removal from WWTP:
78% removal of Perc/
PCE by full scale aeration
basin
Parameter: gas-liquid
phase partition
coefficient:
avg. 600 (+/-86) and 611
C+/-369) fng/LI/fng/L]
Study evaluates removal
based on air stripping.
The extent of air
stripping is a function of
the compound pchem
properties and a function
of WWTP design and
operation.
Parker et al.
("19931
Unacceptable
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
EPI Suite™ Model Outputs
SMILES : C(=C(C1)C1)(C1)C1
CHEM : TETRACHLOROETHENE
MOL FOR: C2 CL4
MOLWT : 165.83
EPI SUMMARY (v4.11)
Physical Property Inputs:
Log Kow (octanol-water): 3.40
Boiling Point (deg C) : 121.30
Melting Point (deg C) : -22.30
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) : 18.5
Water Solubility (mg/L): 206
Henry LC (atm-m3/mole) : 0.0177
Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
Log Kow (KOWWIN vl.69 estimate) = 2.97
Log Kow (Exper. database match) = 3.40
Exper. Ref: HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPVP vl.43):
Boiling Pt (deg C): 114.28 (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
Melting Pt (deg C): -60.56 (Mean or Weighted MP)
VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 17.8 (Mean VP of Antoine & Grain methods)
VP (Pa, 25 deg C) : 2.37E+003 (Mean VP of Antoine & Grain methods)
MP (exp database): -22.3 deg C
BP (exp database): 121.3 deg C
VP (exp database): 1.85E+01 mm Hg (2.47E+003 Pa) at 25 deg C
Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW vl.42):
Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L): 134.3
log Kow used: 3.40 (user entered)
melt pt used: -22.30 deg C
Water Sol (Exper. database match) = 206 mg/L (25 deg C)
Exper. Ref: HORVATH,AL ET AL. (1999)
Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
Wat Sol (vl.01 est) = 247.12 mg/L
ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSARvl.ll):
Class(es) found:
Vinyl/Allyl Halides
Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.20]:
Bond Method : 1.65E-002 atm-m3/mole (1.67E+003 Pa-m3/mole)
Group Method: 1.77E-002 atm-m3/mole (1.80E+003 Pa-m3/mole)
Exper Database: 1.77E-02 atm-m3/mole (1.79E+003 Pa-m3/mole)
For Henry LC Comparison Purposes:
User-Entered Henry LC: 1.770E-002 atm-m3/mole (1.793E+003 Pa-m3/mole)
Henrys LC [via VP/WSol estimate using User-Entered or Estimated values]:
HLC: 1.960E-002 atm-m3/mole (1.986E+003 Pa-m3/mole)
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
VP: 18.5 mm Hg (source: User-Entered)
WS: 206 mg/L (source: User-Entered)
Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN vl.10]:
Log Kow used: 3.40 (user entered)
Log Kaw used: -0.140 (user entered)
Log Koa (KOAWIN vl.10 estimate): 3.540
Log Koa (experimental database): 3.480
Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
Biowinl (Linear Model) : 0.2230
Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model) : 0.0012
Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model): 2.1400 (months )
Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) : 3.2060 (weeks )
MITI Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model) : 0.3626
Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model): 0.0227
Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): 0.7775
Ready Biodegradability Prediction: NO
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin vl.01):
Structure incompatible with current estimation method!
Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN vl.00]:
Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled): 2.47E+003 Pa (18.5 mm Hg)
Log Koa (Exp database): 3.480
Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
Mackay model : 1.22E-009
Octanol/air (Koa) model: 7.41E-010
Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
Junge-Pankow model : 4.39E-008
Mackay model : 9.73E-008
Octanol/air (Koa) model: 5.93E-008
Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin vl.92]:
Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 0.2139 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
Half-Life = 49.998 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
Ozone Reaction:
OVERALL Ozone Rate Constant = 0.000073 E-17 cm3/molecule-sec
Half-Life = 15660.362 Days (at 7E11 mol/cm3)
Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
7.06E-008 (Junge-Pankow, Mackay avg)
5.93E-008 (Koamethod)
Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation
Soil Adsorption Coefficient (KOCWIN v2.00):
Koc : 94.94 L/kg (MCI method)
Log Koc: 1.977 (MCI method)
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Koc : 892.2 L/kg (Kow method)
Log Koc: 2.950 (Kow method)
Experimental Log Koc: 2.4 (database)
Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v2.00]:
Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!
Bioaccumulation Estimates (BCFBAF v3.01):
Log BCF from regression-based method = 1.910 (BCF = 81.34 L/kg wet-wt)
Log Biotransformation Half-life (HL) = 0.5257 days (HL = 3.355 days)
Log BCF Arnot-Gobas method (upper trophic) = 1.663 (BCF = 46.04)
Log BAF Arnot-Gobas method (upper trophic) = 1.663 (BAF = 46.04)
log Kow used: 3.40 (user entered)
Volatilization from Water:
Henry LC: 0.0177 atm-m3/mole (entered by user)
Half-Life from Model River: 1.357 hours
Half-Life from Model Lake : 122.8 hours (5.116 days)
Removal in Wastewater Treatment:
Total removal: 87.91 percent
Total biodegradation: 0.05 percent
Total sludge adsorption: 6.32 percent
Total to Air: 81.53 percent
(using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)
Removal in Wastewater Treatment:
Total removal: 88.20 percent
Total biodegradation: 2.12 percent
Total sludge adsorption: 6.29 percent
Total to Air: 79.79 percent
(using Biowin/EPA draft method)
Level III Fugacity Model: (MCI Method)
Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions
(percent) (hr) (kg/hr)
Air 46 1.6e+003 1000
Water 46.8 1.44e+003 1000
Soil 6.87 2.88e+003 1000
Sediment 0.314 1.3e+004 0
Persistence Time: 181 hr
Level III Fugacity Model: (MCI Method with Water percents)
Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions
(percent) (hr) (kg/hr)
Air 46 1.6e+003 1000
Water 46.8 1.44e+003 1000
water (46.8)
biota (0.00587)
suspended sediment (0.00666)
Soil 6.87 2.88e+003 1000
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
Sediment 0.314 1.3e+004 0
Persistence Time: 181 hr
Level III Fugacity Model: (EQC Default)
Mass Amount Half-Life Emissions
(percent) (hr) (kg/hr)
Air 29.1 1.6e+003 1000
Water 30.4 1.44e+003 1000
water (30.3)
biota (0.00381)
suspended sediment (0.0469)
Soil 38.4 2.88e+003 1000
Sediment 2.03 1.3e+004 0
Persistence Time: 279 hr
-------
Interagency Review Draft Document. Do Not Release or Distribute.
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