National Water Reuse Action Plan
Completed Action

Action 11.1: Facilitate U.S.-Israel Collaboration on Technology, Science, and
Policy of Water Reuse

Background

Israel is one of the most water-stressed countries in the
world—a reality that drives Israel's extensive water reuse
initiatives. After infrastructure, regulatory, and institutional
reform, Israel has become a global leader in water reuse.
Today, nearly 90 percent of Israel's treated municipal
wastewater is used for irrigation purposes. Although the
U.S. resues a much smaller fraction of the nation's
wastewater, water reuse tools and strategies are of
interest to the U.S water sector.

In 2018, EPA and the Israeli MoEP renewed their
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to collaborate on
technical and environmental management issues. Building
from the MOU, this action offered various informational
exchanges on science, technology, and policy that
introduced U.S. regulators and practicioners to innovative
water reuse technologies, equipment, and new
collaborative partners.

Accomplish merits/Impact

Conducted a U.S. delegation mission to Israel to
observe science, technology, and policy in fall 2022.
Thirty-nine representatives from the U.S. water sector
attended, including utility leaders, state regulators,
researchers, federal agencies, and private sector water
experts.

Developed a 2022 delegation summary report to
benefit those who couldn't attend, titled From Water
Stressed to Water Secure: U.S. Lessons from Israel's
Water Reuse Approach. The report also includes the
Israel delegation agenda.

Held a webinar on U.S. lessons from Israel's water
reuse approach where Israeli hosts and members from
the U.S. delegation discussed the innovative
approaches Israel is taking to ensure adequate and
resilient water supplies in their country and how others
may apply these lessons in their communities.

International
l Collaboration ,

Action Team

Action Leaders

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

o Sharon Nappier (NaDDier.Sharon@epa.QOv')
Israeli Ministry for Environmental Protection
(MoEP)

o Adam Schalimtzek (adams@sviva.aov.il')
Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry
(MoEI), Embassy of Israel

o Omer Bab (Omer.Bab@israeltrade.aov.in

Action Partners

Embassy of Israel

o Josh Cohen (iosh.cohen@israeltrade.QOv.ih
Israel Export Institute

o Raphaele Moog (raDhaele@exDort.Qov.ih
Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (MoAG)

o Smadar Moisa (smadarm@moaa.aov.ih
Israel Ministry of Health (MoH)

o David Weinberg (David.w@moh.aov.ih
Israel Water Authority (IWA)

o Danny Greenwald (DannvG@water.aov.ih
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

o Clinton Williams (Clinton.Williams@usda.aov')
o Steve Polacek (steve.Dolacek@usda.aov')
U.S. Department of State (DOS)

o Allie Davis (DavisAL3@state.aov')

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

o Kruti Ravaliya (kruti.ravaliva@fda.hhs.aov')
WaterEdge.IL

o Ravid Levy (ravid@mx.kinneret.ac.il')
WateReuse Association

o Pat Sinicropi (DSinicroDi@watereuse.org')
Israel Agricultural Research Organization
(ARO, Volcani Institute)

o Eddie Cytryn (eddie@volcani.agri.gov.il')

Held a three-part Israel Water Reuse Virtual Tour, as
part of a knowledge sharing partnership between the
U.S. and Israel, which was open to the public and
attended by over 760 participants. The webinars covered

Israel's water reuse regulatory approaches, case studies, technology, and agricultural irrigation applications,
as well as insights from the U.S., and is available online.

Held a virtual session at the 2020 WateReuse Symposium titled "Israel's Unique Experience with Water
Reuse: Policy, Regulation, and Financing" and an in-person session at the 2023 WateReuse Symposium titled
"Lessons Learned: Israel-U.S. Delegation."


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Lessons Learned

Key lessons and insights from the U.S. delegation mission to
Israel include the following:

Israel has a coordinated national approach to water
management with less fragmentation among regulatory
agencies than the U.S.

Unlike the part of the western U.S., water rights in Israel
are not assigned to individuals. In Israel, no one person or
entity can possess private ownership over water.

Many farms and other agricultural lands in Israel are
proximate to urban centers, which is less typical in the U.S.

There is both farmer and public acceptance for the use of
recycled water for food crop irrigation. Additionally, using recycled water for irrigation is cheaper than
conventional supplies, and is abundant enough to ensure a full growing season.

The level of collaboration between the water sector in Israel is high, including the national water company,
water utilities and providers, regulators, municipalities, water technology providers, and agricultural
producers.

Action Implementation Process

Conducted virtual tour
to Israel to foster
Israel-U.S. information
exchange on topics of
policy and regulations,
technology and
treatment, and
agricultural irrigation
with recycled water.

Engaged Israel
delegates in
WateReuse
Association's
Annual Symposium

Conducted U.S.
delegation mission to
Israel to observe
science, technology,
and policy

Identified spectrum of
U.S. interests/delegates
representative of
municipal, industrial,
and agricultural sectors
to comprise the U.S.
delegation.

Developed a
summary report on
the U.S. delegation
mission to Israel.

Held a session at the
WateReuse Symposium
on lessons learned
from the U.S.
delegation to Israel

Held a webinar post-
delegation on lessons
from Israel's water
reuse approach.

Potential Future Activity

Israel and the U.S. are proposing a regional mission on water reuse as part the Negev Forum Working Group
on Food and Water Security.

An active online network of delegates and Israeli experts is now in use to continue conversations and build
partnerships.

Delegates shared ideas for potential future collaborations, such as the following:

o Several U.S. utilities invited Israeli experts to visit them and advise on ways to increase agricultural
reuse in their regions.


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o Israel expressed interest in evaluating potable reuse opportunities and in sending a delegation to the

United States as more domestic experience is established,
o Data generated from Israel's long-term use of treated wastewater for agricultural applications

provides potentially useful information that could help inform future risk assessments,
o State delegates were interested in how Israel integrated emergency water supply planning and
equipment to better prepare for and respond to a water supply disruption.

Additional Resources

Water Recycling in Israel: U.S. Lessons from Israel's
Water Reuse Approach webinar

From Water Stressed to Water Secure: Lessons from
Israel's Water Reuse Approach

Israel Water Reuse Virtual Tour


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