v>EPAcau H6i Thu?™9 g?p Oe Xuat Quy Djnh Nu'o'c Uong Cc Ban Quoc Gia PFAS Cac Cac Cau Hoi va Dap Thifd'ng Gap Tong quan: EPA dang thyc hien hanh dong gi de giai quyet PFAS trong nu'o'c uong? Co Quan Bao Ve Moi Tru'ong Hoa Ky (EPA) dang thyc hien mot bu"dc quan trong de bao ve su"c khoe cong dbng bang each de xuat thiet lap cac myc co the thi hanh dime ve phap ly doi voi sau chat per- va polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) dime biet la co trong ntfoc uong, thyc hien cam ket co ban trong Lo Trinh Chien Lime PFAS cua Co Quan . Thong qua quy tac dime de xuat nay, EPA dang tan dung khoa hoc moi nhat va dya tren cac no lyc hien co cua tieu bang de han che PFAS va cung cap mot tieu chuan bao ve syc khoe tren toan quoc cho cac PFAS cu the nay trong nu"6c uong. EPA dang yeu cau cong chung nhan xet ve Quy Djnh Nu'dc Uong Co Ban Quoc Gia (NPDWR) dime de xuat nay. Cau hoi 1: Hoa chat PFAS la gi va tai sao chung lai co trong nirdc uong cua chung ta? Cac chat per- va polyfluoroalkyl, con du"oc goi la "PFAS," la mot nhom hoa chat san xuat da du"oc su" dung trong cac san pham cong nghiep va tieu dung ty nhCPng nam 1940. PFAS co nhCPng dac diem khien chung tro nen hCPu fch trong nhfeu loai san pham, bao gbm dung cu nau chong dfnh, quan ao khong tham nu"6c, tham va vai chong o, bot chCPa chay, cung nhu" trong mot so quy trinh san xuat. Co hang ngan PFAS khac nhau. Viec san xuat hoac su" dung mot so PFAS trong nu"6c (nhu* PFOA va PFOS) phan Ion da bj loai bo dan dan nhung nhCPng loai khac van tiep tuc du"oc su" dung. PFAS co xu hu"6ng phan huy eye ky cham trong moi trtfong va co the tfch tu trong con ngu*oi, dong vat, va moi tru*ong theo thoi gian. PFAS da dtfoc tim thay trong nu"6c, khong khf, va dat tren toan quoc va tren toan cau. Do do, PFAS co the ket thuc trong cac ngubn nu"6c ma cac cong dbng dya vao de lay nu"6c uong. Cac nghien cyu khoa hoc cho thay moi lien he giCPa cac myc phoi nhiem PFAS nhat djnh va cac tac dong co hai cho syc khoe o ngtfoi va dong vat. Cau hoi 2: Hanh dong nay de xuat dieu chlnh PFAS nao? EPA dang de xuat dieu chinh sau PFAS cu the: Hoa chat PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, GenX (con dtfoc goi la HFPO-DA), PFNA va PFBS. Quy tac du"oc de xuat giai quyet PFOS va PFOA la cac chat gay o nhiem rieng le va giai quyet bon PFAS khac la hon hop cac hoa chat. De biet them thong tin ve cac hoa chat cu the nay, bao gbm ca each su" dung va Ijch su" su" dung cua chung trong nganh cong nghiep, va cac san pham cung nhu" cac anh hu*ong syc khoe da biet cua chung, vui long xem phan sau: • PFOS (Axit Perfluorooctane Sulfonic) • PFOA (Axit Perfluorooctanoic) • PFHxS (Axit Perfluorohexane Sulfonic) • Hoa chat GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) axit dimer va muoi amoni cua no - duoc phat trien de thay the cho PFOA) • PFNA (Axit Perfluorononanoic) • https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-health-advisories-genx-chemicals-and-pfbsPFBS (axit sulfonic perfluorobutane va hop chat kali perfluorobutane sulfonate lien quan cua no - duoc phat trien de thay the cho PFOS) Cau hoi: B.NhCmg anh hir&ng sire khoe nao co the xay ra khi tiep xuc v6*i PFAS, cu the la sau loai diroc quy djnh trong quy tac de xuat (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS)? Moi ngu*oi co the tiep xuc voi PFAS theo nhfeu each, bao gbm ca viec uong nu"6c co chya PFAS. Phan tfch cua EPA ve mot loat cac nghien cyu khoa hoc cho thay rang phoi nhiem lau dai va phoi nhiem trong thoi gian quan trong nhat djnh Trang 1 Ngay13 ------- cac giai doan cua cuoc doi nhu" mang thai va tre so sinh dang phat trien, d mot so mu'c do nhat djnh cua sau PFAS nay co the dan den mot loat cac anh hu'dng su"c khoe dang ke bao gbm (nhung khong gidi han d): • Tac dung sinh san, chang han nhu" tang huyet ap cao d ngtfdi mang thai • Anh hu'dng hoac cham phat trien d tre so sinh va tre nho, bao gbm can nang khi sinh thap, bien dang ximng, hoac thay doi hanh vi • Tang nguy co mac mot so benh ung thu*, bao gbm ung thu* than va tinh hoan • Giam kha nang chong nhiem trung cua he thong mien djch cua co the, bao gbm giam hieu qua cua vac-xin • Can thiep vao noi tiet to ty nhien cua co the, bao gbm ca noi tiet to tuyen giap • Tang mu'c cholesterol, co the lam tang nguy co len con dau tim va dot quy • Ton thtfong gan Cau hoi 4: Quy djnh ve Nu'o'c Uong Co* Ban Quoc Gia (NPDWR) la gl? Cac Quy Djnh Ve Nu"6c Uong Co Ban Quoc Gia la cac tieu chuan co hieu lye phap ly ap dung cho cac he thong nu"6c cong cong. NPDWR bao ve su"c khoe cong dbng bang each han che mu'c do gay o nhiem trong nu"6c uong. Cac tieu chuan nay thtfong dime bieu thj du"6i dang Mu'c Gay O Nhiem Toi Da (MCL), du"pc mo ta them ben du"6i. Cau hoi 5: Lam each nao de difa ra nhan xet ve PFAS NPDWR diroc de xuat? EPA moi cac thanh vien cua cong chung xem xet NPDWR du"pc de xuat va thong tin ho trp cung nhu" du"a ra nhan xet trong so cong khai lien quan den viec xay dung quy tac nay tai www.regulations.gov, du"pc xac djnh boi So ID Docket: EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0114. EPA se xem xet tat ca cac y kien cua cong chung trong viec thong bao ve su" phat trien cua quy djnh cuoi cung. De biet them thong tin va hu"6ng dan ve each gu"i y kien dong gop cho so cong khai, hay truy cap www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets. EPA cung se to chyc mot phien di'eu tran cong khai ao vao ngay 4 Thang Nam, 2023, tai do cong chung se dime moi de cung cap cho EPA cac nhan xet bang loi noi. De biet them thong tin ve phien dfeu tran cong khai va each cung cap cho EPA cac nhan xet bang loi noi, hay truy cap https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polvfluoroalkyl- substances-pfas. Cau hoi 6: Khi nao EPA ban hanh NPDWR cuoi cung cho PFAS? EPA se ban hanh NPDWR cuoi cung cua PFAS sau khi xem xet cac nhan xet cua cong chung ve NPDWR dime de xuat. Nhu" da neu trong Lo Trinh Chien Lime cua EPA. EPA dy kien se hoan thien quy djnh vao cuoi nam 2023. EPA se xem xet tat ca cac y kien dime gu"i den Co quan khi EPA xay dyng quy djnh cuoi cung. Cau hoi 7: Muc tieu Mu'c 6 Nhiem Toi Da (MCLG) la gl? Mu'c 6 Nhiem Toi Da (MCL) la gl? Trong quy tac dime de xuat, EPA dang de xuat Muc Tieu Myc Do O Nhiem Toi Da va Myc Do O Nhiem Toi Da cho sau PFAS nay. MCLG la cac muc tieu y te cong cong khong the thi hanh. MCLG la myc chat gay o nhiem trong nu"6c uong ma tai do khong xay ra cac tac dong tieu eye doi voi syc khoe da biet hoac dy doan trtfoc va cho phep co mot gidi han an toan thfch hop. MCLG chi xem xet cac rui ro ve syc khoe cong dbng, ke ca doi voi nhCPng nhom ngtfoi nhay cam nhu" ngu*oi mang thai, tre so sinh va tre so sinh dang phat trien, tre em, ngtfoi gia, va nhCPng ngu*oi bj suy giam mien djch. MCLG khong xem xet cac gidi han ve hieu qua cua cong nghe phat hien hoac dfeu trj. Do do, MCLG doi khi dime thiet lap d myc ma he thong ntfoc khong the dap yng do nhCPng han che ve cong nghe hien tai. Vi du, neu chat gay o nhiem la chat da biet hoac co kha nang gay ung thu", EPA se dat MCLG d myc 0. Trang 2 Ngay13 ------- MCL la cac tieu chuan co the thi hanh dime. MCL bao ve su"c khoe cong dbng bang each dat mu'c chat gay o nhiem toi da cho phep trong ntfoc uong, mu'c nay co the dime cung cap cho ngtfoi su" dung he thong nu"6c cong cong. MCL dime dat cang gan voi MCLG cang tot trong khi xem xet kha nang do Itfong va xu" ly de loai bo chat gay o nhiem. EPA cung danh gia chi phi va loi fch trong viec xac djnh MCL. Cau hoi 8: MCL diroc de xuat cho sau PFAS nay la gl va EPA da xac djnh cac mu'c nay nhir the nao? EPA phai thiet lap mot MCL co hieu lye thi hanh cang gan voi MCLG cang tot. Co quan danh gia tfnh kha thi theo mot so yeu to bao gbm sy san co cua cac xet nghiem hoac "phimng phap phan tfch" co kha nang do Itfong cac hoa chat dime quan ly trong nu"6c uong. EPA cung kiem tra xem co ton tai cac cong nghe xu" ly da dime chung minh co kha nang loai bo cac hoa chat nay trong ca di'eu kien phong thi nghiem va hien trtfong hay khong. Dya tren cac yeu to nay, EPA dang de xuat cac MCL co the thi hanh sau day: Cac hop chat Mu'c 0 Nhiem Toi Da Dum De Xuat PFOS 4 phan nghin ty (4.0 ng/L) PFOA 4 phan nghin ty (4.0 ng/L) PFHxS Chi So Nguy Hiem = 1.0 (khong co don vj)* Hoa chat GenX PFNA PFBS *Tim hieu them ve tfnh toan chi so nguy hiem, va cac myc cu the cho bon PFAS nay ben du'di Cau hoi 9: Chi So Nguy Hiem la gl va no diroc trien khai nhir mot MCL nhir the nao? EPA dang de xuat dfeu chinh bon PFAS - PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA, va PFBS - du'di dang hon hop, su" dung phu*ong phap da du"oc thiet lap goi la chi so nguy hiem. Chi So Nguy Hiem la mot cong cu du"oc su" dung de danh gia rui ro syc khoe do tiep xuc dbng thoi voi hon hop cua mot so hoa chat. Nhfeu PFAS du"oc tim thay cung nhau va o cac cap do va ket hop khac nhau. LToc tfnh rui ro bang each xem xet mot hoa chat tai mot thoi diem co the danh gia thap rui ro syc khoe lien quan den viec tiep xuc voi nhfeu PFAS cung mot luc. De ngan chan cac rui ro ve syc khoe do hon hop mot so PFAS nhat djnh trong nu"6c uong, EPA dang de xuat su" dung tfnh toan Chi So Nguy Hiem nay de dfeu chinh PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS trong cac he thong nu"6c cong cong. De xac djnh Chi So Nguy Hiem cho bon PFAS nay, cac he thong nu"6c se theo doi va so sanh lu"gng cua tyng PFAS trong nu"6c uong voi Nbng Do Nu"6c Dya Tren syc Khoe (HBWC) lien quan cua no, la myc du'di myc ma PFAS do dy kien la khong co anh hu*ong den syc khoe. Cac he thong nu"6c se them cac gia trj so sanh cho tyng PFAS co trong hon hop. Neu gia trj nay Ion hon 1.0, thi no se viwt qua Chi So Nguy Hiem MCL dime de xuat cho PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS. De de su" dung, EPA dy djnh cung cap cho cac he thong nu"6c mot bieu mau dya tren web se ty dong tfnh toan Chi So Nguy Hiem. Thong tin them ve Chi So Nguy Hiem, bao gbm vf du ve each tfnh toan, co the tim thay trong quy tac du"oc de xuat tai: www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polvfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas. Cau hoi 10: Neu quy djnh diroc hoan thien, he thong cap nirdc cong cong se phai lam gl? Ngoai viec thiet lap MCL va MCLG, quy djnh de xuat, neu dime hoan thien, se yeu cau cac he thong cap nu"6c thyc hien cac bu'dc sau: • Giam sat EPA dang de xuat cac yeu cau giam sat doi voi sau PFAS dime xay dyng dya tren cac khuon kho giam sat da dime thiet lap ty lau cua EPA, theo do tan suat giam sat phu thuoc vao ket qua tru"6c do. Cac Trang 3 Ngay13 ------- cfe xuat cung bao gbm tfnh linh hoat cho phep cac he thong su" dung mot so du" lieu da thu thap tru"6c do de dap u"ng cac yeu cau giam sat ban dau. • Thong bao cho ngu'd'i tieu dung. Cac he thong nu"6c cong cong se dime yeu cau thong bao cho cong chung neu viec giam sat phat hien cac PFAS nay a mu"c vimt qua cac tieu chuan quy djnh dime d'e xuat. • Xfr ly cfe flat dum MCL. Cac he thong nu"6c cong cong se dime yeu cau thyc hien cac hanh dong de giam mu'c do cua cac PFAS nay trong nu"6c uong neu chung vimt qua cac tieu chuan quy djnh dime de xuat. Dfeu nay co the bao gbm viec loai bo cac hoa chat nay thong qua cac hinh thu"c xu" ly khac nhau hoac chuyen sang ngubn cung cap nu"6c thay the dap u"ng tieu chuan. Cau hoi 11: Cac he thong nirftc cong cong nen lam gi bay gift neu chung co nong do cac chat gay 6 nhiem nay cao hon MCL diroc de xuat? Day la quy djnh dime de xuat de lay y kien cong chung. No khong yeu cau bat ky hanh dong nao doi voi he thong nu"6c uong cho den khi EPA xem xet y kien dong gop cua cong chung v'e quy tac du"oc de xuat va hoan thien quy tac. Sau khi quy tac dime hoan thien, cac he thong nu"6c se khong bat buoc phai dap u"ng MCL cho den sau mot khoang thoi gian trien khai cu the. EPA cung da phat trien Tu" Van Su"c Khoe Nu"6c Uong cho bon PFAS: PFOS, PFOA, Hoa chat GenX, va PFBS. NhCPng tu" van su"c khoe khong theo quy djnh va khong the thyc thi nay cung cap thong tin v'e cac hanh dong ma he thong nu"6c co the thyc hien de giai quyet o nhiem PFAS. De biet them thong tin, https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water- health-advisories-pfoa-and-pfos. EPA va cac co quan doi tac cua minh co mot so tai lieu khac co the thong bao cac bu"6c ma he thong nu"6c va cong chung co the thyc hien ngay bay gio de giam myc do cua cac PFAS nay trong nu"6c uong cua ho. • De tim hieu them v'e PFAS va cac bu"6c co the thyc hien de giam thieu rui ro: https://www.epa.gov/pfas/meaningful-and-achievable-steps-vou-can-take-reduce-your-risk • De biet thong tin v'e bao ve va duy tri gieng nu"6c uong tai nha: https://www.epa.gov/privatewells • Xem xet moi ngubn lyc va khuyen nghj ty cac tieu bang: https://www.epa.gov/pfas/usstate- resources-about-pfas • Tim hieu them ve qua trinh EPA xay dyng Quy Djnh Ve Nu"6c Uong Co Ban Quoc Gia cua PFAS: https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polvfluoroalkvl-substances-pfas Cau hoi 12: Lam each nao de biet co PFAS trong nirftc uong cua toi hay khong? Neu ban lo lang ve PFAS trong nu"6c uong cua minh, EPA khuyen ban nen lien he voi cong ty cap nu"6c dja phtfong de tim hieu them va xem lieu ho co du" lieu giam sat PFAS hay khong hoac co the du"a ra bat ky khuyen nghj cu the nao cho cong dbng cua ban hay khong. Neu ban so htfu mot gieng nu"6c uong tai nha, EPA khuyen ban nen tim hieu them ve each bao ve va duy tri gieng cua minh de giai quyet PFAS va cac chat gay o nhiem dang lo ngai khac. De biet thong tin ve gieng nu"6c uong tai nha hay truy cap https://www.epa.gov/privatewells. Ngoai ra, ty nam 2023 den nam 2025, EPA dang thu thap du" lieu ve sy xuat hien cua nu"6c uong tieu bieu tren toan quoc ty cac he thong nu"6c cong cong cho 29 PFAS, bao gbm sau PFAS nay, nhu" mot phan cua Quy Tac Giam Sat Chat Gay O Nhiem Khong Du"gc Kiem Soat Lan Thy Nam cua EPA (UCMR 5). EPA se cung cap cac ket qua giam sat nay bat dau ty giCPa nam 2023 tai trang web sau: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data- unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule. EPA da de xuat cho phep su" dung du" lieu UCMR 5 moi hon nay de dap yng cac yeu cau giam sat he thong nu"6c ban dau theo quy tac dime de xuat. Trang 4 Ngay13 ------- Cau hoi 13: Neu toi lo lang ve PFAS trong nu'o'c uong cua mlnh thl sao? Neu ban lay ntfoc tu" he thong ntfoc uong, hay lien he voi cong ty cap ntfoc dja phimng cua ban de tim hieu ve each ho co the giai quyet PFAS cung nhu" yeu cau ho kiem tra PFAS trong nu"6c hoac chia se thong tin voi ban neu ho da kiem tra nu"6c PFAS. GHI CHU: Mot so he thong nu"6c uong cong cong co the khong co thong tin nay. Neu ban chon tu" kiem tra nu"6c cua minh, dfeu quan trong la su" dung phong thf nghiem dime nha nu"6c chung nhan bang cac phimng phap kiem tra do EPA phat trien. Kiem tra voi chimng trinh nu"6c uong cua tieu bang cua ban de xem lieu ho co ban hanh hu'dng dan hoac tieu chuan cho PFAS o tieu bang cua ban hay khong va ho khuyen nghj hoac yeu cau nhCPng hanh dong gi khi co o nhiem PFAS. Neu tieu bang cua ban khong co tieu chuan hoac hu'dng dan cho PFAS, hay xem Tu" Van Su"c Khoe cho PFAS nhat djnh de biet thong tin ve cac PFAS nay trong nu"6c uong. Ban cung co the can nhac lap dat he thong xu" ly nu"6c tai nha (vf du, bo loc) dime chu"ng nhan de giam mfc PFAS trong nu"6c cua ban. Tim hieu ve cac bo loc xu1 ly nude tai nha da dime ch^ng nhan. De tim hieu them ve PFAS va cac bu'dc co the thyc hien de giam rui ro: www.epa.gov/pfas/meaningful- and- achievable-steps-you-can-take-reduce-your-risk Cau hoi 14: Quy djnh de xuat nay co y nghTa gi doi vdi cac ho gia dinh sir dung gieng tir nhan? Mac du Dao Luat Nu"6c Uong An Toan khong di'eu chinh cac gieng tu" nhan va quy tac du"pc de xuat nay khong dat ra bat ky yeu cau hoac tieu chuan nao cho cac chu so hCPu gieng tu" nhan, EPA hieu rang nhCPng ngu*oi su" dung nu"6c tu" cac gieng tu" nhan co the lo ngai ve viec nu"6c uong cua ho bj nhiem PFAS hoac cac chat khac chat gay o nhiem. EPA co cac ngubn lye de giup do nhCPng ngu*oi dya vao gieng tu" nhan de lay nu"6c uong. Dau tien, EPA co thong tin ve bao ve gieng tu" nhan de ngan ngya o nhiem, kiem tra gieng tu" nhan, va bao ve syc khoe cua ban tai https://www.epa.gov/privatewells. (Trung Tam Kiem Soat va Phong Ngya Djch Benh cung cung cap thong tin timng ty ve he thong nu"6c tu" nhan tai https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/index.html) Thy hai, Neu ket qua xet nghiem ty phong thf nghiem dime phe duyet cho thay myc do PFOA, PFOS, Gen X hoac PFBS, hay xem phan Hoi va Dap ve tu" van syc khoe PFAS cua EPA de tim hieu ve cac hanh dong ma ban co the can nhac dya tren ket qua xet nghiem cua minh. Thy ba, cac chimng trinh Quy Cho Vay Quay Vong Nu"6c Uong Cua Tieu Bang co the cung cap von cho cac ho gia dinh co gieng tu" nhan de ket noi voi he thong nu"6c uong hoac de hinh thanh mot he thong nu"6c uong moi tuan theo cac yeu cau cua Dao Luat Ntfdc Uong An Toan. Cac tieu bang co the su" dung quy SRF de cung cap djch vu kiem tra chat limng nu"6c ho gia dinh cho cac PFAS nay khi co y djnh ket noi voi he thong nu"6c cong cong hoac tao thanh mot he thong moi va cung cap cac bo loc tam thoi cho ho gia dinh hoac diem su" dung trong khi ket noi voi mot he thong nu"6c cong cong du"pc thiet lap. De biet them thong tin ve cac chu"ong trinh tai trp nay, vui long truy cap www.epa.gov/infrastructure. Cau hoi 15: Co nhung xet nghiem hoac "phirong phap phan tfch" nao de do PFAS trong nirdc uong? Bang each su" dung cac phimng phap 533 va 537.1 cua EPA, ca hai phong thf nghiem cua chfnh phu va tu" nhan hien co the do lu"ong hieu qua 29 PFAS, bao gbm sau PFAS ma EPA dang de xuat di'eu chinh, o myc rat thap trong nu"6c uong - bao gbm ca o myc du"pc de xuat la MCL. EPA tiep tuc tien hanh nghien cyu va giam sat nhCPng tien bo trong cong nghe, phu*ong phap va ky thuat thu" nghiem co the cai thien kha nang cua chung toi trong viec do Itfong nhCPng dfeu nay va cac PFAS khac o myc tham chf thap hon. Cau hoi 16: Co nhCmg cong nghe xCr ly nao de loai bo PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS trong nirdc uong? Cac cong nghe da du"pc chyng minh, bao gbm than hoat tfnh, trao doi anion va mang ap suat cao, co the loai bo sau PFAS nay, cung nhu" nhi'eu PFAS khac va cac chat gay o nhiem khac, chang han nhu" cac san pham phu khu" trung, Trang 5 Ngay13 ------- cac chat gay o nhiem htfu ca, mot so kim loai nang va thuoc tru" sau tu" he thong nifdc uong. NhCPng cong nghe xu" ly nay co the dime lap dat tai nha may xu" ly cua he thong nifdc va cung co san dtfdi dang cac tuy chon bo loc trong nha. Quy djnh ve nifdc uong dime d'e xuat va cac tai lieu ho trp xu" ly nifdc uong lien quan cung cap thong tin ve cac cong nghe xu" ly nay ma EPA da phat hien ra rang co the giam sau PFAS mot each hieu qua. Cac he thong cap nifdc cung co the giam sau PFAS nay trong nifdc cua ho bang each chuyen sang cac ngubn cung cap nifdc khac thay vi xu" ly. Cau hoi 17: He thong nirdc se lam gi vdi can xfr ly co chCra PFAS? Nhfeu giai phap xu" ly tao ra "dii* limng" - bo loc hoac cac san pham phu khac cua phimng tien da du"gc su" dung trong quy trinh xu" ly de thu gift PFAS va loai bo no khoi nifdc uong. La mot phan trong qua trinh danh gia cua EPA ve cac cong nghe xu" ly co san cho PFAS, Co quan da danh gia cac yeu to xung quanh cac dong chat thai con sot lai va cac phu*ong an xu" ly. De biet them thong tin v'e cac phu*ong phap quan ly chat ton du" hien tai, hay xem Cong Nghe Hien Co Tot Nhat cua EPA va Cong Nghe Tuan Thu He Thong Nho Doi Vai Cac Chat Per- va Polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) trong Nwac Uong, se co san trong so ghi chep v'e quy tac difgc de xuat tai www.regulations.gov. dime xac djnh boi So ID Docket: EPA-HQ-OW-2022-0114. Hu'dng Dan Tam Thoi Nam 2020 cua EPA ve viec Tieu Huy va Thai Bo Cac Chat PFAS va vat lieu co ch&a cac chat PFAS phac thao cac cong nghe tieu huy va thai bo co the co hieu qua doi vdi PFAS, cung nhu" su" khong chac chan va lo hong thong tin lien quan den cac cong nghe nay va nghien cu"u dang dien ra de giai quyet chung. Nhu" da neu trong Lo Trinh Chien Lu"oc PFAS cua EPA, Co quan du" kien se phat hanh phien ban cap nhat cua Hu'dng dan tru"6c Thang Mi^oi Hai 2023. EPA cam ket no lye khong ngyng de danh gia va phat trien cac cong nghe nham giam PFAS trong moi tri^ong. Cau hoi 18: Tieu bang cua toi (hoac Bo lac hoac lanh tho) hien co mire do an toan khac doi vdi PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS so vdi cac gia trj de xuat cua EPA. Tai sao lai the nay? Mot so tieu bang da thiet lap cac quy djnh ve nu"6c uong hoac cac gia trj hu'dng dan doi vdi mot so PFAS trifdc quy djnh dime de xuat nay va da di dau trong viec giam sat va han che mot so hoa chat nay. NPDWR do EPA de xuat, neu dime hoan thien, se cung cap myc bao ve syc khoe tren toan quoc doi vdi sau PFAS nay trong nu"dc uong. Quy tac phan anh cac yeu cau phat trien quy djnh theo Dao Luat Nu"dc Uong An Toan (SDWA), bao gbm phan tfch cua EPA ve khoa hoc tot nhat hien co va du"oc binh duyet gan day nhat; thong tin kha thi ve sy xuat hien, xu" ly va phan tfch nu"dc uong co san; va xem xet cac chi phi va loi fch. Tai thdi diem nay, cac cong dbng va he thong nu"dc nen tuan theo tat ca cac yeu cau hien hanh cua tieu bang, cong nhan rang quy tac de xuat cua EPA khong yeu cau he thong nu"dc thyc hien bat ky hanh dong nao vao luc nay. Khi NPDWR cuoi cung co hieu lyc, cac tieu bang se du"oc yeu cau phai co mot tieu chuan khong kem nghiem ngat hon NPDWR, nhu"SDWA yeu cau. Cau hoi 19: Ngoai nirdc uong, con ngircyi co the tiep xuc vdi PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA, va PFBS bang each nao khac? Myc do tiep xuc vdi PFAS cua mot ca nhan co the thay doi do mot so yeu to. PFAS da du"oc tim thay trong moi truing tren toan quoc va tren toan cau. Mot so PFAS nhat djnh da du"oc phat hien trong nu"dc uong, dat va nu"dc gan cac bai thai, khu vyc su" dung bot chCPa chay va xung quanh cac co sd san xuat hoac san xuat hoa chat san xuat hoac su" dung PFAS. PFAS cung co the dime tim thay trong mot so loai thyc pham, bao bi thyc pham, Trang 6 Ngay13 ------- san pham gia dung, bui, san pham cham soc ca nhan va chat ran sinh hoc. Nghien cu'u hien tai cho thay moi ngtfdi co the tiep xuc vdi PFAS khi lam cac cong viec nhu" chCPa chay hoac san xuat va che bien hoa chat, an mot so loai thyc pham nhu" ca co the chu"a PFAS, nuot phai dat hoac bui bj o nhiem, hit thd khong khi co chu"a PFAS hoac su" dung cac san pham lam tu" PFAS, PFAS hoac dime dong goi trong vat lieu co chu"a PFAS. Khi nu'dc uong cua mot ngtfdi bj nhiem PFAS, do co the la mot phan dang ke trong tong so phoi nhiem PFAS cua ho. Caujioi 20: Ngudn tai tro nao co san de ho tro cac cong dong dang giai quyet van de 6 nhiem PFAS trong nu'dc uong? Luat Co So Ha Tang Lu*ong Dang cung cap $9 ty do la chu"a tifng co dac biet de dau til* vao cac cong dbng co nu'dc uong bj anh hu'dng bdi PFAS va cac chat gay o nhiem moi noi khac. So tfen nay bao gbm $4 ty do la cho Quy Quay Vong Cap Nu'dc Uong Cua Tieu Bang (DWSRF) va $5 ty do la thong qua Chirang Trinh Tai Tro Cho Cac Chat Gay O Nhiem Moi Noi u Cac Cong Dbng Nho Hoac Co Hoan Canh Kho Khan cua EPA. Cac tieu bang va cong dbng co the tan dung them gan $12 ty do la trong DWSRF danh rieng de lam cho nu'dc uong an toan hon va hang ty do la khac ma chfnh phu lien bang da cung cap hang nam de tai tro cho cac khoan vay cua DWSRF. Cac quy nay se giup cac cong dbng dau tu" quan trong vao cac giai phap loai bo PFAS khoi nu'dc uong. EPA se dam bao rang cac tieu bang, Bo lac, va dja phimng nhan du"oc phan chia se cong bang trong khoan dau tu" co so ha tang nu'dc lien bang nay - dac biet la cac cong dbng co hoan canh kho khan. Ban co the tim them thong tin v'e Luat Co Sd Ha Tang Ltfong Dang va ngubn tai tro cho chat gay o nhiem mdi noi tai https://www.epa.gov/infrastructure. Cau hoi 21: EPA se phat trien cac quy djnh ve nu'dc uong cho cac PFAS khac chCr? Tai thdi diem nay, EPA khong de xuat cac quy djnh ve nu'dc uong doi vdi cac hoa chat PFAS ngoai PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS. Co quan va cac to chu"c nghien cu'u khac dang tfch eye lam viec de hieu ro hon nhCPng rui ro si^c khoe ti'em an doi vdi PFAS khac trong nu'dc uong. EPA dang thu thap thong tin tu" cac he thong nu'dc cong cong tren toan quoc ve su" xuat hien cua 29 PFAS theo Quy Tac Giam Sat Chat Gay O Nhiem Khong Dime Kiem Soat Lan Thu" Nam tu" nam 2023 den nam 2025. Bang each su" dung thong tin nay va thong tin ve su" co khac, cung nhu" nghien cu'u dang phat trien ve anh hu"dng su"c khoe cua PFAS, cong nghe dfeu trj va thong tin khoa hoc va ky thuat hien co khac, EPA se danh gia xem lieu PFAS khac co nen du"oc quy djnh trong tirang lai hay khong. Cac cong nghe xu" ly nu'dc uong ma EPA da tim thay de giam hieu qua sau PFAS ma Co quan dang de xuat dfeu chinh cung du"oc ky vong se lam giam mu"c do cua cac PFAS khac. Cau hoi 22: Quyet djnh theo quy djnh la gi va tai sao EPA dong thcyi dira ra quyet djnh theo quy djnh doi vdi PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS trong d§ xuat nay? Quyet djnh theo quy djnh la quyet djnh ve viec EPA co nen bat dau quy trinh xay dyng quy tac de phat trien NPDWR cho mot chat gay o nhiem cu the hay khong. Vao Thang Ba 2021, EPA da ban hanh quyet djnh phap ly cuoi cung de dfeu chinh PFOA va PFOS. Dbng thdi vdi quy tac dime de xuat vao Thang Ba 2023 cua EPA, EPA dang du"a ra quyet djnh so bo de dfeu chinh PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS, cung nhu" hon hop cua bon PFAS nay. Thong tin mdi chu"ng minh rang cac PFAS nay dap u"ng cac tieu chf cua SDWA ve quy djnh, bao gbm ca viec chung co the gay anh hu"dng xau den su"c khoe, chung co kha nang du"oc tim thay trong cac he thong nu'dc cong cong vdi tan suat va mfc do dang lo ngai, va rang co mot co hoi co y nghTa doi vdi su"c khoe giam thieu rui ro thong qua quy djnh ve nu'dc uong quoc gia. Trang 7 Ngay13 ------- EPA dang cong bo quyet djnh quy djnh sa bo doi vdi PFHxS, Hoa chat GenX, PFNA va PFBS de lay y kien cong chung. EPA se xem xet cac nhan xet tri^oc khi du"a ra quyet djnh cuoi cung theo quy djnh va, neu phu hop, se xuat ban NPDWR cuoi cung d'e cap den bon PFAS nay. Trang 8 Ngay13 ------- |