Nitrogen Newsletter

Issue 45, December 2013

Nitrogen Newsletter is a summary of recent publications, news and reports related to the
cycling, effects and management of nitrogen. Prepared by Mary O'Brien, contractor with
A SRC Federal Primus, and Jana Compton. Contact Jana Compton with any questions
(Compton.jana@epa. gov)

Please note: Most of these links are available to EPA staff through library access - not all
links will be available to folks outside EPA, depending on your access to specific journals and
websites.

Special Issues

Bolan N, Saggar S, Kirkham MB, eds. 2013. Soil as a source and sink for greenhouse gases.
Sci Total Environ 465: 1-336. Available from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/iournal/00489697/465

Adriaenssens S, Staelens J, Baeten L, Verstraeten A, Boeckx P, Samson R, Verheyen K. 2013.
Influence of canopy budget model approaches on atmospheric deposition estimates to
forests. Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 215-229. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-
013-9846-0

Alam RQ, Dufreche S, Hayatdavoudi A, Gang DD. 2013. Nonpoint source pollution. Water
Environ Res 85(10): 1715-1733. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143013X13698672322822

Alkhatib M, del Giorgio PA, Gelinas Y, Lehmann MF. 2013. Benthic fluxes of dissolved
organic nitrogen in the lower St. Lawrence estuary and implications for selective organic
matter degradation. Biogeosciences 10(11): 7609-7622. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7609-2013

Table of Contents

Special Issues	

Articles	

News	

Reports	

Web Pages	

. 1
. 1
. 7
. 9
10

Articles


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AlsinaMM, Fanton-Borges AC, Smart DR. 2013. Spatiotemporal variation of event related
N20 and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard. Ecosphere 4: 1.
Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1890/ES12-00236.l

Arauzo M, Valladolid M. 2013. Drainage and N-leaching in alluvial soils under agricultural
land uses: implications for the implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive. Agr Ecosyst
Environ 179: 94-107. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.agee.2013.07.013

Asada K, Eguchi S, Urakawa R, Itahashi S, Matsumaru T, Nagasawa T, Aoki K, Nakamura K,
Katou H. 2013. Modifying the LEACHM model for process-based prediction of nitrate
leaching from cropped Andosols. Plant Soil 373(1-2): 609-625. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl 1104-013-1809-7

Bai SG, Xi BD, Jiang YH, Li X, An D, Yang Y, Yuan ZY, Wang YY, Zhang JB. 2013. Water
table fluctuation effects on fate and transport of nitrate in the subsurface. Fresen Environ
Bull 22(10): 2929-2936. Available from: http://www.psp-
parlar.de/details artikel.asp?tabelle=FEBArtikel&artikel id=4882&iahr=2013

Beaulieu M, Pick F, Gregory-Eaves I. 2013. Nutrients and water temperature are significant
predictors of cyanobacterial biomass in a 1147 lakes data set. Limnol Oceanogr 58(5): 1736-
1746. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.5.1736

Behrendt A, de Beer D, Stief P. 2013. Vertical activity distribution of dissimilatory nitrate

reduction in coastal marine sediments. Biogeosciences 10(11): 7509-7523. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7509-2013

Bell MC, Galatioto F, Chakravartty A, Namdeo A. 2013. A novel approach for investigating
the trends in nitrogen dioxide levels in UK cities. Environ Pollut 183(SI): 184-194. Available
from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envpol.2013.03.039

Bragee P, Choudhary P, Routh J, Boyle JF, Hammarlund D. 2013. Lake ecosystem responses to
catchment disturbance and airborne pollution: an 800-year perspective in southern
Sweden. J Paleolimnol 50(4): 545-560. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ933-013-
9746-2

Bruesewitz DA, Gardner WS, Mooney RF, Pollard L, Buskey EJ. 2013. Estuarine ecosystem
function response to flood and drought in a shallow, semiarid estuary: nitrogen cycling and
ecosystem metabolism. Limnol Oceanogr 58(6): 2293-2309. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.4319/10.2013.58.6.2293

Brunner B, Contreras S, Lehmann MF, Matantseva O, Rollog M, Kalvelage T, Klockgether G,
Lavik G, Jetten MSM, Kartal B, Kuypers MMM. 2013. Nitrogen isotope effects induced by
anammox bacteria. P Natl Acad Sci USA 110(47): 18994-18999. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1310488110


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Dayyani S, Prasher SO, Madani A, Madramootoo CA, Enright P. 2013. Evaluation of WARMF
model for flow and nitrogen transport in an agricultural watershed under a cold climate.

Water Qual Res J Can 48(4): 400-413. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqric.2013.034

Deek A, Dahnke K, van Beusekom J, Meyer S, Voss M, Emeis K. 2013. N-2 fluxes in
sediments of the Elbe Estuary and adjacent coastal zones. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 493: 9-21.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/mepsl0514

DeLuca TH, Zackrisson O, Bergman I, Diez B, Bergman B. 2013. Diazotrophy in alluvial
meadows of subarctic river systems. PLoS One 8(11): e77342. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/iournal.pone.0077342

D'Orangeville L, Cote B, Houle D, Morin H, Duchesne L. 2013 . A three-year increase in soil
temperature and atmospheric N deposition has minor effects on the xylogenesis of mature
balsam fir. Trees-Struct Funct 27(6): 1525-1536. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sQ0468-013-0899-4

Eshleman KN, Sabo RD, Kline KM. 2013. Surface water quality is improving due to

declining atmospheric N deposition. Environ Sci Technol 47(21): 12193-12200. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4028748

Fornara DA, Banin L, Crawley MJ. 2013. Multi-nutrient vs. nitrogen-only effects on carbon
sequestration in grassland soils. Global Change Biol 19(12): 3848-3857. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10. Ill 1/gcb. 12323

Fuell AK, Entrekin SA, Owen GS, Owen SK. 2013. Drivers of leaf decomposition in two
wetland types in the Arkansas River Valley, USA. Wetlands 33(6): 1127-1137. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl3157-013-Q468-z

Gettel GM, Giblin AE, Howarth RW. 2013. Controls of benthic nitrogen fixation and
primary production from nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic, Arctic lakes. Ecosystems
16(8): 1550-1564. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl0021-Q13-9701-0

Grizzetti B, Pretato U, Lassaletta L, Billen G, Gamier J. 2013. The contribution of food waste
to global and European nitrogen pollution. Environ Sci Policy 33: 186-195. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envsci.2013.05.013

Hall RO, Baker MA, Rosi-Marshall EJ, Tank JL, Newbold JD. 2013. Solute-specific scaling of
inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in streams. Biogeosciences 10(11): 7323-7331.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7323-2013

Hofmeister NR, Welk M, Freedberg S. 2013. Elevated levels of delta N-15 in riverine Painted
Turtles (Chrysemys picta): trophic enrichment or anthropogenic input? Can J Zool 91(12):
899-905. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.l 139/ciz-2013-0121


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Hoshiba Y, Yamanaka Y. 2013. Along-coast shifts of plankton blooms driven by riverine
inputs of nutrients and fresh water onto the coastal shelf: a model simulation. J Oceanogr
69(6): 753-767. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s 10872-013-0206-4

Huang H, Li XB, Titlyanov EA, Ye C, Titlyanova TV, Guo YP, Zhang J. 2013. Linking
macroalgal delta N-15-values to nitrogen sources and effects of nutrient stress on coral
condition in an upwelling region. Bot Mar 56(5-6): 471-480. Available from:
http://dx.doi. org/10.1515/bot-2012-0223

Huebsch M, Horan B, Blum P, Richards KG, Grant J, Fenton O. 2013. Impact of agronomic
practices of an intensive dairy farm on nitrogen concentrations in a karst aquifer in
Ireland. Agr Ecosyst Environ 179: 187-199. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.agee.2013.08.021

Jarosiewicz A, Witek Z. 2014. Where do nutrients in an inlet-less lake come from? The
water and nutrient balance of a small mesotrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 724(1): 157-173.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ750-013-1731-2

Jiang CM, Yu WT, Ma Q, Xu YG, Zou H, Zhang SC, Sheng WP. 2013. Atmospheric organic
nitrogen deposition: analysis of nationwide data and a case study in Northeast China.

Environ Pollut 182: 430-436. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envpol.2013.08.003

Kim, IN, Lee, K, Bange, HW, Macdonald, AM. 2013. Interannual variation in summer N20
concentration in the hypoxic region of the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1985-2007.

Biogeosciences 10(11): 6783-6792. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6783-2013

Kim TH, Kim G. 2013. Changes in seawater N : P ratios in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
in response to increasing atmospheric N deposition: results from the East (Japan) Sea.

Limnol Oceanogr 58(6): 1907-1914. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.1907

Lajtha K, Jones J. 2013. Trends in cation, nitrogen, sulfate and hydrogen ion concentrations
in precipitation in the United States and Europe from 1978 to 2010: a new look at an old
problem. Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 303-334. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-013-9860-2

Larmola T, Bubier JL, Kobyljanec C, Basiliko N, Juutinen S, Humphreys E, Preston M, Moore
TR. 2013. Vegetation feedbacks of nutrient addition lead to a weaker carbon sink in an
ombrotrophic bog. Global Change Biol 19(12): 3729-3739. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10. Ill 1/gcb. 12328

Lehrter JC, Ko DS, Murrell MC, Hagy JD, Schaeffer BA, Greene RM, Gould, RW, Penta B.
2013. Nutrient distributions, transports, and budgets on the inner margin of a river-
dominated continental shelf. J Geophys Res-Oceans 118(10): 4822-4838. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/igrc.20362


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Lei H, Wuebbles DJ. 2013. Chemical competition in nitrate and sulfate formations and its
effect on air quality. Atmos Environ 80: 472-477. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.atmosenv.2013.08.036

Letey J, Vaughan P. 2013. Soil type, crop and irrigation technique affect nitrogen leaching to
groundwater. Calif Agric 67(4): 231-241. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.3733/ca.E.v067n04p231

Littlejohn KA, Poganski BH, Kroger R, Ramirez-Avila JJ. 2014. Effectiveness of low-grade
weirs for nutrient removal in an agricultural landscape in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial
Valley. Agr Water Manage 131: 79-86. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.agwat.2013.09.001

Maljanen M, Yli-Pirila P, Hytonen J, Joutsensaari J, Martikainen PJ. 2013. Acidic northern
soils as sources of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO). Soil Biol Biochem 67: 94-97. Available
from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.soilbio.2013.08.013

Milstead WB, Hollister JW, Moore RB, Walker HA. 2013. Estimating summer nutrient
concentrations in northeastern lakes from SPARROW load predictions and modeled lake
depth and volume. PLoS One 8(11): e81457. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/iournal.pone.0081457

Moriasi DN, Gowda PH, Arnold JG, Mulla,DJ, Ale S, Steiner JL. 2013. Modeling the impact of
nitrogen fertilizer application and tile drain configuration on nitrate leaching using SWAT.

Agr Water Manage 130: 36-43. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.agwat.2013.08.003

Morris JT, Shaffer GP, Nyman JA. 2013. Brinson review: perspectives on the influence of
nutrients on the sustainability of coastal wetlands. Wetlands 33(6): 975-988. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl3157-013-048Q-3

Murgulet D, Tick GR. 2013. Understanding the sources and fate of nitrate in a highly
developed aquifer system. J Contam Hydrol 155: 69-81. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.iconhyd.2013.09.004

Oulehle F, Chuman T, Majer V, Hruska J. 2013. Chemical recovery of acidified Bohemian
lakes between 1984 and 2012: the role of acid deposition and bark beetle induced forest
disturbance. Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 83-101. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-013-9865-x

Proemse BC, Mayer B, Fenn ME, Ross CS. 2013 . A multi-isotope approach for estimating
industrial contributions to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Athabasca oil sands
region in Alberta, Canada. Environ Pollut 182: 80-91. Available from:
http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envpol.2013.07.004

Redling K, Elliott E, Bain D, Sherwell J. 2013. Highway contributions to reactive nitrogen
deposition: tracing the fate of vehicular NOx using stable isotopes and plant biomonitors.


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Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 261-274. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-013-
9857-x

Reichmann LG, Sala OE, Peters DPC. 2013. Water controls on nitrogen transformations and
stocks in an arid ecosystem. Ecosphere 4: 1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.189Q/ES12-
00263.1

Ribot M, von Schiller D, Peipoch M, Sabater F, Grimm NB, Marti E. 2013. Influence of nitrate
and ammonium availability on uptake kinetics of stream biofilms. Freshw Sci 32(4): 1155-
1167. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1899/12-209.l

Setala H, Viippola V, Rantalainen AL, Pennanen A, Yli-Pelkonen V. 2013. Does urban
vegetation mitigate air pollution in northern conditions? Environ Pollut 183(SI): 104-112.
Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envpol.2012.l 1.010

Sheppard LJ, Leith ID, Leeson S, Mizunuma T, de Bakker R, Elustondo D, Garcia-Gomez H.
2013. PK additions modify the effects of N dose and form on species composition, species
litter chemistry and peat chemistry in a Scottish peatland. Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 39-53.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-013-9880-v

Sherwood OA, Guilderson TP, Batista FC, Schiff JT, McCarthy MD. 2013. Increasing
subtropical North Pacific Ocean nitrogen fixation since the Little Ice Age. Nature [Published
online 15 December 2013.] Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature 12784

Short MD, Peters GM, Peirson WL, Ashbolt NJ. 2013. Marine nitrous oxide emissions: an
unknown liability for the international water sector. Environ Sci Policy 33: 209-221.
Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.envsci.2013.06.003

Smart AJ, Scott TK, Clay SA, Clay DE, Ohrtman M, Mousel EM. 2013. Spring clipping, fire,
and simulated increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition effects on tallgrass prairie
vegetation. Rangeland Ecol Manag 66(6): 680-687. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.211 l/REM-D-13-00054.1

Song X, Tian HQ, Xu XF, Hui DF, Chen GS, Sommers G, Marzen L, Liu ML. 2013. Projecting
terrestrial carbon sequestration of the southeastern United States in the 21st century.

Ecosphere 4: 7. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1890/ES12-00398.l

Sonthiphand P, Cejudo E, Schiff SL, Neufeld JD. 2013. Wastewater effluent impacts
ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes of the Grand River, Canada. Appl Environ Microb 79(23):
7454-7465. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02202-13

Sutton JN, Johannessen SC, Macdonald RW. A nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia,
British Columbia, with emphasis on particulate nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen.

Biogeosciences 10(11): 7179-7194. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013


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Thibodeau B, Miyajima T, Tayasu I, Wyatt A, Watanabe A, Morimoto N, Yoshimizu C, Nagata
T. 2013. Heterogeneous dissolved organic nitrogen supply over a coral reef: first evidence
from nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Coral Reefs 32(4): 1103-1110. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-013-107Q-9

Wei CZ, Yu Q, Bai E, Lu XT, Li Q, Xia JY, Kardol P, Liang WJ, Wang ZW, Han XG. 2013.
Nitrogen deposition weakens plant-microbe interactions in grassland ecosystems. Global
Change Biol 19(12): 3688-3697. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.l 111/gcb. 12348

Weng BS, Xie XY, Yang JJ, Liu JC, Lu HL, Yan CL. 2013. Research on the nitrogen cycle in
rhizosphere of Kandelia obovata under ammonium and nitrate addition. Mar Pollut Bull
76(1-2): 227-240. Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.marpolbul.2013.08.034

Williams AA, Kimball ME. 2013. Evaluation of long-term trends in hydrographic and
nutrient parameters in a southeast US coastal river. Environ Monit Assess 185(12): 10495-
10509. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ661-013-3347-4

Yao XH, Hu QJ, Zhang LM, Evans GJ, Godri KJ, Ng AC. 2013. Is vehicular emission a
significant contributor to ammonia in the urban atmosphere? Atmos Environ 80: 499-506.
Available from: http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/i.atmosenv.2013.08.028

Young C, Kroeger KD, Hanson G. 2013. Limited denitrification in glacial deposit aquifers
having thick unsaturated zones (Long Island, USA). Hydrogeol J 21(8): 1773-1786. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl0040-Q13-1038-4

Zhu J, Mulder J, Bakken L, Dorsch P. 2013. The importance of denitrification for N20
emissions from an N-saturated forest in SW China: results from in situ N-15 labeling
experiments. Biogeochemistry 116(1-3): 103-117. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/slQ533-013-9883-8

News

Bay Barometer: Chesapeake faces challenges from pollution, development. Chesapeake Bay
News (Chesapeake Bay Program), 2013 Dec 3. Available from:

http://www.chesapeakebav.net/blog/post/bav barometer Chesapeake faces challenges from po
llution development.

Browne S. State seeks input on water pollution reduction. Marshall Independent 2013 Dec 3.
Available from: http://www.marshallindependent.com/page/content.detail/id/542803/State-
seeks-input-on-water-pollution-reduction.html?nav=5015

Foley JA. Reforestation along Mississippi River will reduce agricultural runoff, revive Gulf
of Mexico. Nature World News 2013 Dec 2. Available from:


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http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/5153/201312Q2/reforestation-along-mississippi-river-

will-reduce-agricultural-runoff-revive-gulf.htm

Iowa State team studies runoff solutions. Agri-View, Dec 18 2013. Available from:
http://www.agriview.com/news/crop/iowa-state-team-studies-runoff-solutions/article ac82f0cc-
4f94-5516-87f2-0c5400f6ac07.html

Lamoreaux K. Report: Pollution levels in Wisconsin River rising. Baraboo News Republic
2013 Dec 3. Available from: http://www.wiscnews.com/news/1 ocal/article b8870041-4418-
53 Ia-a0be-38fb8f2e248a.html

Looker D. Good cop, bad cop on nutrient management. Agriculture.com 2013 Dec 3.
Available from: http://www.agriculture.com/news/crops/good-cop-bad-cop-on-nutrient-
magement 2-ar35903

Stark AM. Change in Pacific nitrogen content tied to climate change. Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory News Release NR-13-12-04. Available from:
https://www.llnl.gOv/news/newsreleases/2013/Dec/NR-13-12-04.html#.Uq9ClqUu4oY

For Bloomberg BNA subscribers (including EPA staff):

Saiyid AH. Water pollution: EPA, states look to prioritize protection of healthy waters
along with restoration. Daily Environ Rep 2013 Dec 20. Available from:
http://esweb.bna.com/eslw/1245/split displav.adp?fedfid=39135246&vname=dennotallissues&
wsn=496464000&searchid=2175 83 94&doctvpeid=2&tvpe=date&mode=doc&split=0&scm= 124
5&pg=0

Saiyid AH. Water pollution: EPA, USDA set partnership to promote water quality trading
to reduce pollution. Daily Environ Rep 2013 Dec 4. Available from:

http://esweb.bna.com/eslw/1245/split displav.adp?fedfid=38487441&vname=dennotallissues&
wsn=497663 000&searchid=2175 83 94&doctvpeid=2&tvpe=date&mode=doc&split=0&scm= 124
5&pg=l

Thomason R. Chesapeake Bay: farm conservation practices cut pollution entering
Chesapeake Bay, USDA report says. Daily Environ Rep 2013 Dec 6. Available from:
http://esweb.bna.com/eslw/1245/split displav.adp?fedfid=38628368&vname=dennotallissues&
wsn=496831000&searchid=2175 83 94&doctvpeid=2&tvpe=date&mode=doc&split=0&scm= 124
5&pg=l

Thomason R. Chesapeake Bay: report says Chesapeake Bay improving, but restoration will
take many years. Daily Environ Rep 2013 Dec 4. Available from:

http://esweb.bna.com/eslw/1245/split displav.adp?fedfid=38487453&vname=dennotallissues&
wsn=497652000&searchid=2175 83 94&doctvpeid=2&tvpe=date&mode=doc&split=0&scm= 124
5&pg=l

For Greenwire subscribers (including EPA staff):


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Ogburn SP. Research: study links changes in Pacific nitrogen to climate change.

ClimateWire 2013 Dec 17. Available from:
http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/stories/1059991953/

Snider A. Water pollution: USDA, EPA expand collaboration on nutrient trading.

E&ENews PM 2013 Dec 3. Available from:
http://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/stories/1059991233/

Stecker T. Agriculture: growing corn can be done sustainably. So why isn't it? ClimateWire
2013 Dec 5. Available from: http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/stories/1059991313/

Reports

Chesapeake Bay Program. 2013. Bay Barometer 2012-2013: health and restoration in the
Chesapeake watershed. Annapolis, Md.: Chesapeake Bay Program. 5 p. Available from:
http://www.chesapeakebav.net/documents/BAROMETER 2013 - 3Spreads Final.pdf

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2013.
Impacts of conservation adoption on cultivated acres of cropland in the Chesapeake Bay
region, 2003-06 to 2011. Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) Conservation
Progress Report. Washington, DC: USDA NRCS. 113p. Available from:

http://www.nrcs.usda. gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/nra/ceap/pub/?cid=stelprdb 12
40074

United States Department of Agriculture, United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2013.
Partnership agreement between the United States Department of Agriculture and the
United States Environmental Protection Agency regarding water-quality trading.

Washington, DC: USDA, USEPA. 3p. Available from: http://op.bna.com/env.nsf/id/phev-
9e2pze/$File/Signed%20Partnership%20Agreement.pdf

United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 2013. A long-term vision for
assessment, restoration, and protection under the Clean Water Act Section 303(d)
Program. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 11
p. Available from:

http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/upload/vision 303d program dec 2013.p

df

United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 2013. "Question and
Answers" on the long-term vision for assessment, restoration, and protection under the
Clean Water Act Section 303(d) Program. Washington, DC: United States Environmental
Protection Agency Office of Water. 8 p. Available from:
http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/upload/acwa qa.pdf


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Web Pages

Chesapeake Bay Program [Internet.] Annapolis, MD: Chesapeake Bay Program. Available
from: http://www.chesapeakebay.net

Chesapeake Bay Update [Internet.] Washington, DC: USDA Natural Resources Conservation
Service. Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). Available from:
http://www.nrcs.usda. gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/nra/ceap/?cid=stelprdb 12400
74

Submersible Assets Operated by HURL. [Internet.] [Last updated September 13, 2013.]
University of Hawai'i at Manoa: Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory. Available from:
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HURL/subops/

Water Quality Trading Policy, January 13, 2003. [Internet ] Washington, DC: United States
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. Available from:
http://water.epa.gov/tvpe/watersheds/trading/finalpolicv2003.cfm


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