2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Suppliers Sector Highlights The reported GHG quantity associated with Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) supply has increased from 206 to 242 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2 from 2010 to 2012. This increase was primarily a result of increased domestic NGL production. The reported GHG quantity associated with natural gas supplied by local distribution companies (LDCs) decreased from 716 to 705 MMT of CO2 from 2010 to 2012. While the volume of natural gas supplied to the industrial and electricity generating sectors over that time period has increased, this was more than offset by decreased supply to the residential and commercial sectors. About this Sector This sector comprises natural gas liquids (NGL) fractionators companies (LDCs). NGL fractionators are defined by the regulation as installations that receive bulk natural gas or natural gas liquids from producers and then fractionated at least some of these raw inputs into individual liquid products (ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, or pentanes plus) and supplied those products into the economy during the reporting year. LDCs are generally the same companies to which you pay your gas bill every month. They receive natural gas from a transmission pipeline company and physically deliver the gas to end users. Some facilities in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply sector also submit GHG reports for their direct emissions (i.e. emissions from fuel combustion, process vents, and equipment leaks). Direct emissions data reported by these facilities are available in the industrial profiles for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems and Petroleum Refineries. Greenhouse gas information associated with imports and exports of natural gas liquids is reported by suppliers of petroleum products. All emissions presented here are as of 8/18/2014 and exclude biogenic C02. All GHG emissions data displayed in units of carbon dioxide equivalent (C02e) reflect the global warming potential (GWP) values from TPCC AR4. and local natural gas distribution Natural gas and NGL suppliers do not report actual emissions from a facility. Suppliers report the quantity of product placed into the economy and the emissions that would result if the products were completely combusted, oxidized, or released when used. 1 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply The diagram below shows the natural gas and natural gas liquid supply chain and highlights the information reported by LDCs and NGL fractionators. Figure 1: Flows of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids3 Natural Gas Well Ethane Propane Butane Isobutane Pentanes Plus Delivered Directly to End-Users (Not Reported Under Subpart NN) Electricity Generation End Users Local Production Quantities marked with green arrows are reported to EPA by NGL Fractionators or Local Distribution Companies under Subpart NN. Although most natural gas consumers receive their natural gas from LDCs, some natural gas is delivered directly to end-users by other distributers, including transmission pipeline companies, producers, gatherers, and storage companies. These companies mostly supply large-volume end users, such as large industrial and electric power generation customers. The natural gas delivered directly to end users is not reported to the GHGRP by transportation pipeline companies or LDCs. Based on information from the U.S. GHG Inventory for 2012, roughly 54% of C02 associated with natural gas combustion is being reported to EPA by LDCs (see Table l).1 However, most of the CO2 associated with the combustion of gas that is not reported by LDCs is combusted at large installations that are themselves required to report their GHG emissions to EPA. Therefore, the GHGRP covers the vast majority of emissions associated with natural gas use in reporting by either the supplier or the end-user. 1 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. April 15, 2014. EPA 430-R-14-003. Available at: http: //www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions / usinventorvreport. 2 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Table 1: Natural Gas Supplied to End-Users in 2012 End-Use Sector Total C02 associated with gas supply reported to the GHGRP by LDCsa (MMT) Total C02 associated with U.S. natural gas consumption (MMT)b Percentage of natural gas consumption reported by LDCs Residential 224.3 224.8 99.8% Commercial 153.4 156.9 97.8% Industrial 189.0 434.7 43.5% Electricity Generation 132.9 492.2 27.0% All sectors 699.6C 1,308.6 53.5% a Estimated by multiplying total reported gas deliveries by 0.000000055, the average CO2 emissions from combustion of 1 Mscf of natural gas, measured in MMT CO2. b Inventoiy of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. April 15,2014. EPA430-R-14-003. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/usinventorvreport. c The CO2 quantity for all sectors shown in this table differs from that presented in Table 5. The value in this table is calculated using the default CO2 emissions per unit of natural gas, whereas the value provided in Table 5 is calculated using supplier specific values for CO2 per unit of natural gas delivered, where reported. Who Reports? In 2012, 484 suppliers in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Sector submitted a GHG report 51.7% of all suppliers reporting to the GHGRP are in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector. Table 2: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector Reporting Schedule Subpart Source Category Applicability First Reporting Year NN Local Distribution Companies LDCs that deliver ^.460,000 Mscf of natural gas annually. 2010 NN NGL Fractionators All NGL Fractionators are required to report. 2010 Table 3: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector - Number of Reporters (2010- 2012) Sector Number of Reporters 2010 2011 2012 Total Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Sector 480 483 484 Local Distribution Companies 372 370 365 NGL Fractionators 108 113 119 3 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Table 4: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector - GHGRP Coverage Subsector GHGRP Applicability Estimated Percent of Suppliers Covered by GHGRP Estimated Percent of C02 Associated with products Covered by GHGRP Local Distribution Companies LDCs that deliver > 460,000 Mscf of natural gas annually. 28.2%a 99.92%a NGL Fractionators All Fractionators 100%b 100%b a Estimate of size of industry and estimate of total CO2 coverage are based on reports submitted by LDCs to EIAvia form 176. All operating LDCs are required to submit this form regardless of the size of their operations. The form contains the quantity of gas delivered by the LDC to end-users. The estimated total CO2 covered by the GHGRP was calculated by taking the total deliveries reported to EIA and subtracting the fraction of natural gas supplied by LDCs below the GHGRP reporting threshold. b All natural gas liquids fractionators are required to report to the GHGRP. Reported Greenhouse Gas Information The total quantity of C02 reported by Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Suppliers was 946.6 MMT in 2012. This excludes the quantity reported by 18 NGL fractionators that supply only one product, because their production quantities are considered to be confidential business information and are not published by EPA. The total CO2 quantity reported by these 18 fractionators is relatively small, totaling less than one million metric tons. Because C02 emissions associated with these products do not occur until the product is combusted or otherwise used, not all of the total reported 946.6 MMT CO2 was necessarily emitted to the atmosphere in 2012. Some of the products may be in storage for use in future years. Additionally, some natural gas and about 58% of NGLs2 are used for non-energy purposes such as for use as a feedstock for petrochemical production (Table 6). Some carbon emissions from these products will be released at downstream chemical plants, and the remaining carbon emissions do not occur until the petrochemical product (e.g., plastic) decomposes or is combusted, such as in a landfill or a waste incinerator. Some CO2 associated with natural gas supplied by LDCs is also reported to EPA by end-users of the gas. To quantify the amount of CO2 that is reported twice to EPA, LDCs are required to report the quantity of gas delivered to large end-users, defined as those who receive greater than 460 million cf of gas per year. This threshold was selected as it is roughly equivalent to 25,000 metric tons CO2; facilities that emit above this level are required to report their direct GHG emissions to the EPA. 2 From API: "2000-2007 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refineiy Gases." 4 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Table 5: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector C02 Quantity (2010-2012) Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector C02 Quantity (MMT) 2010 2011 2012 Total Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector3 921.8 936.9 946.6 NGL Fractionators3 206.2 218.5 242.1 Estimated C02 from NGLs used for fuelsb 85.9 91.0 102.8 Estimated CO2 associated with NGLs used for non- fuel purposes15 120.3 127.5 139.3 Local Distribution Companies 715.6 718.4 704.5 CO2 associated with deliveries to large end-users 203.7 205.8 241.8 a Excludes CO2 reported by 18 NGL Fractionators whose reported quantities are classified as confidential business information (CBI]. b Based on information from API: "2000-2007 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases." (Table 6] Table 6: Percentage of NGL Used for Fuel and Non-Fuel Purposes (2007)a Natural Gas Liquid Percent Used for Fuel Purposes Percent Used for Non-Fuel Purposes Ethane 8.9% 91.1% Propane 54.3% 45.7% Butane/Isobutane 84.3% 15.8% Pentanes Plus 60.8% 39.2% a From API: "2000-2007 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refineiy Gases." Reported sales to Residential/Commercial, Internal Combustion Fuel, Gasoline Blending, Industrial, Agricultural are considered Fuel purposes while sales to Chemical and Other are considered Non-Fuel. 5 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 2: Location and Reported C02 Quantity (metric tons) for Each LDC in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector (as of 9/1/13) Natural Gas Suppliers Local Distribution Companies Quantity Supplied (metric tons C02e) J 0-1,000,000 J 1,000,000 - 3,000,000 3,000,000 - 5,000,000 5,000,000 - 10,000,000 10,000,000 - 20,000,000 = 20,000,000 Data Source: 2012 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program As of: 09/01/2013 This map shows the locations of LDCs that reported to the GHGRP, their service areas (if available), and the CO2 associated with natural gas supplied. The color of the shading corresponds to the quantity of CO2 reported by that LDC. There are also LDCs reporting C02 associated with natural gas supplied located in Alaska and Hawaii. Readers can view maps and identify the LDCs reporting the largest CO? quantity by visiting the Facility Level Information on Greenhouse Gases (FLIGHT) website (http://ghgdata.epa.gov). 6 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 3: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector - LDC Reported C02 Quantity by State (2012) REPORTED C02 QUANTITY BY STATE FROM LOCAL DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES 2012 Reported CO Quantity (million metric tons) 20 40 60 80 100 120 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico NewYork North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming ¦I Commercial Consumers H Electricity Generating Facilities ~ Industrial Consumers I 1 Residential Consumers Represents total CO2 quantity associated with natural gas supply reported to the GHGRP by LDCs. Additional CO2 supply occurs from LDCs that have not reported, for example those below the 460,000 Mscf reporting threshold. 7 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 4: Location of NGL Fractionators in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector (as of 9/1/13) \ * . In r* * i i m a / I3±j / * * t ¦ )r # i : ~ GHGRP, 2012 Natural Gas Liquids Fractionators Facility Location Data Source: 2012 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program As of: 09/01/2013 This map shows the locations of NGL fractionators that reported. The reported CCMs not emitted at these locations. These products are supplied into the economy and are either combusted or used as a chemical feedstock by down-stream users. Readers can identify the NGL fractionators reporting the largest CO? quantity by visiting the Facility Level Information on Greenhouse Gases (FLIGHT] website fhttp: //ghgdata.epa.govl. 8 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 5: Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector - NGL Fractionator Reported C02 Quantity by State (2012) REPORTED C02 QUANTITY BY STATE FROM NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS FRACTIONATORS 2012 Reported C07 Quantity (million metric tons) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California 1 Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky 1 Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 1 New York North Carolina North Dakota ¦ Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania 1 Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah ¦ Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia 1 Wisconsin Wyoming Note that use of these compounds does not necessarily occur within the state where the NGL fractionator operates. This information is provided to give a general idea of the areas of the countiy in which most NGL production occurs. * Does not include CO2 reported by NGL Fractionators whose total is CBI. 9 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector Trend in Total Reported GHG Quantity 2010 to 2011 The quantity of CO2 associated with natural gas liquids supply increased by nearly six percent from 2010 to 2011. The quantity of NGLs produced is tied to the amount of natural gas and NGLs being produced domestically and the demand for NGL products. In 2011, natural gas prices hit lows not seen since the early 2000s.3 Atthe same time, crude oil prices continued to climb.4 NGL prices are linked to oil prices as they can be used as a substitute to petroleum products in some cases.5 The higher oil prices have resulted in higher prices for some NGLs and incentivized production of these compounds. The widening spreads between U.S. domestic wellhead gas prices and NGL product prices have incentivized producers, particularly those working in shale basins, to shift activity to those sections of the shale resources known to produce liquids-rich gas. This trend is seen in the EIA rig counts for the Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Bakken, and Utica shale plays, which produce liquids- rich gas.6 All of these regions saw rising rig counts in 2011, particularly throughout the second half of the year. Meanwhile, shale plays that produce "dry" natural gas saw decreasing rig counts during 2011. The quantity of CO2 associated with natural gas supply (i.e. LDCs) decreased by less than one percent from 2010 to 2011. Natural gas is primarily consumed by end-users in the residential, commercial, industrial, and electricity generating sectors. Weather is the most important driver of gas consumption in the residential sector because of its extensive use as a heating fuel. Throughout 2011, the Northeast, West and Midwest regions experienced slightly colder weather than they did in 2010. However, the South experienced much warmer weather during 2011. Overall, total heating degree days in the United States fell by 3.5% from 2010 to 2011, leading to decreased demand from the residential sector. Within the electricity generating sector, demand for fuel over short-time scales is often impacted by weather, and the amount of natural gas used to meet that demand is primarily based on the relative price of natural gas compared to coal. Since the deployment of hydraulic fracturing technology to recover gas from shale formations in the United States, the level of gas available has reached unprecedented levels. With plentiful gas supplies, natural gas prices have reached historic lows. The current price environment for natural gas has encouraged coal-to-gas switching in the power sector, increasing the quantity of gas delivered by LDCs to this sector which off-set the decrease in demand from residential sources in 2010 (Table 8). Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Sector Trend in Total Reported GHG Quantity 2011 to 2012 From 2011 to 2012, the trends that were observed from 2010 to 2011 continued and intensified. High NGL prices in previous years likely led oil and gas producers to focus on areas with wet natural gas (i.e. natural gas high in NGL content) reserves, thereby increasing NGL well production. 3 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, http: II www.eia.gov/ to davinener gv / detail. cfm?id=5910. 4 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9530 5 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Today in Energy, www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=5930. 6 See U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Drilling Productivity Report for Key Tight Oil and Shale Gas Regions, November 2014, http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/drilling/pdf/dpr-full.pdf. 10 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Most NGL prices remained high relative to natural gas in 2012, and increased well production led to increased production of finished products at fractionation facilities. The increased throughput at these facilities led to an increase in the reported CO2 quantity. Weather conditions in 2012 were even warmer than those experienced in 2011, which led to a continued decline in demand for natural gas from the residential sector. The number of heating degree days throughout the country dropped by 14.4% in 2012, which decreased demand for natural gas; total natural gas consumption in the residential and commercial sectors dropped by over ten percent (Table 7). The primary driver of the increase in consumption by the electric power sector was the historically low price of natural gas relative to other fuels such as coal. Table 7: Weather Data and Associated Impacts on Natural Gas Supply Year Heating Degree Daysa Residential and Commercial Sectors (MMcf)b Cooling Degree Daysa Electric Power Sector (MMcf)b 2010 4,471 7,885,005 1,445 7,250,236 2011 4,321 7,869,096 1,457 7,835,473 2012 3,778 7,044,328 1,480 9,466,343 Percent change(2010-2011) -3.5% -0.2% 0.82% 7.5% Percent change(2011-2012) -14.4% -10.5% 1.6% 20.8% a U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/documentlibrarv/hcs/hcs.html. b U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, total natural gas consumption by sector. These numbers differ from Table 8 because they represent all gas consumption, based on EIA data, which includes gas not delivered by an LDC: http: //www.eia.gov/cfapps/ngqs/ngqs.cfm7f report=RPl. Table 8: Natural Gas Deliveries Reported to GHGRP by LDCs Point in the Supply Chain 2010 2011 2012 Total Reported Deliveries (Mscf) 12,773,016,503 12,768,837,601 12,738,553,240 Residential Customers (Mscf) 4,681,611,446 4,631,261,922 4,078,702,157 Commercial Customers (Mscf) 2,929,714,709 3,033,644,755 2,792,796,677 Industrial Customers (Mscf) 3,382,614,478 3,245,078,743 3,450,910,172 Electricity Generating Facilities (Mscf) 1,779,075,869 1,858,852,181 2,416,144,234 11 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 6: Trend in C02 Quantity Reported by LDCs and NGL Fractionators (2010-2012) ANNUAL COz QUANTITY REPORTED BY LOCAL DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES AND NGL FRACTIONATORS 800 700 600 500 .2 400 >¦ 300 200 100 Local Distribution Companies NGL Fractionators 2010 2011 2012 ** Does not include CO2 reported by NGL Fractionators whose total is CBI. 12 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Figure 7: Natural Gas and NGL Supply - Average C02 Quantity per Reporter ©AVERAGE GHG QUANTITY PER REPORTER FOR THE NATURAL GAS AND NGL SUPPLY SECTOR 2012 GHG Quantity (thousand metric tons C02) 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Local Distribution Companies NGL Fractionators ** Does not include CO2 reported by NGL Fractionators whose total is CBI. Calculation Methods Used Suppliers in the Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Suppliers sector can choose one of two different methodologies for calculating the CO2 quantity associated with the combustion or oxidation of the quantities of natural gas and natural gas liquids supplied. Calculation Methodology 1 - Multiply the volume of product supplied by the higher heating value (HHV] and a CO2 emission factor (EF). Use either measured or default fuel HHVs and CO2 emission factors. Calculation Methodology 2 - Multiply the volume of product supplied by a CO2 emission factor. Use either measured or default C02 emission factors. 13 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply Table 9: Local Distribution Company Calculation Methodologies Type of C02 Methodology Portion of Reported C02 Monitored by Method (by Type) 2010 2011 2012 C02 associated with natural gas supplied Measured Higher Heating Value (HHV] & Measured Emission Factor (EF)a 0.2% 1.5% 1.6% Measured HHV & Default EFb 22.7% 21.7% 24.2% Default HHV & Default EFC 77.1% 76.8% 74.2% a Includes LDCs that used Calculation Methodology 1 with both a measured CO2 emission factor and HHV and those who used Methodology 2 with a measured CO2 emission factor. b Includes LDCs that used Calculation Methodology 1 with a measured HHV and default CO2 emission factor. c Includes LDCs that used Calculation Methodology 1 with a default HHV and CO2 emission factor and those that used Methodology 2 with a default CO2 emission factor. Table 10: NGL Fractionator Calculation Methodologies Type of C02 Methodology Portion of Reported C02 Monitored by Method (by Type) 2010 2011 2012 CO2 associated with natural gas liquids supplied Measured Higher Heating Value (HHV) & Measured Emission Factor (EF> 4.4% 0.3% 0.3% Measured HHV & Default EFb 0.1% 0.1% 1.8% Default HHV & Measured EFC 3.5% 0.2% ** Default HHV & Default EFd 92.0% 99.4% 97.9% a Includes NGL Fractionators that used Calculation Methodology 1 with both a measured CO2 emission factor and HHV and those who used Methodology 2 with a measured CO2 emission factor. b Includes NGL Fractionators that used Calculation Methodology 1 with a measured HHV and default CO2 emission factor. c Includes NGL Fractionators that used Calculation Methodology 1 with a default HHV and measured CO2 emission factor. d Includes NGL Fractionators that used Calculation Methodology 1 with a default HHV and CO2 emission factor and those that used Methodology 2 with a default CO2 emission factor. ** Value is between 0 and 0.05%. Data Verification and Analysis As a part of the reporting and verification process, EPA evaluates annual GHG reports with electronic verification checks. EPA contacts facilities regarding potential reporting issues. Additional information on EPA's verification process is available here. Some of the information reported by LDCs and NGL fractionators is similar to data reported to the Energy Information Administration (EIA). EPA and EIA have collaborated to use some of this data to help verify that information submitted to each agency is correct All LDCs are required to submit both monthly and annual reports on deliveries and transfers to consumers under the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974. The reporting forms EIA 176 and EIA 857 are used for this process. On form EIA 176, LDCs report the total quantity of gas received and the total quantity of gas delivered to six end-use consumer categories: residential, commercial, industrial, electric power, vehicle fuel and other. The GHGRP also collects the total quantity of gas received and the volumes delivered to residential, commercial, industrial, and the electric power sector from LDCs. During EPA's verification process, reported quantities of gas delivered to the four end-use sectors for which EPA collects data are compared to the values reported to EIA. When 14 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply discrepancies are identified, the reporter is made aware of the inconsistency, and the reporter will often re-submit their data to the agency to which they made a reporting error. All natural gas processing plants are required to report on EIA Form 816. Fractionators that hold NGL stocks are also required to report. This form is used to collect information on inputs, stocks, receipts, production, and shipment of products. Other Information While EPA could have used the reported EIA data to estimate CO2 quantities supplied, the GHGRP collects similar data for several reasons. First, EIA data are subject to different legal authorities for handling confidential business information. These authorities are more restrictive than the Clean Air Act regarding what data can be released to the public. Second, EPA seeks some data that is beyond what EIA collects, such as quality assurance information, verification data, and information on odorized propane. Lastly, the GHGRP allows facilities the option to use site-specific emission factors to report more accurate CO2 estimates than if EPA applied default emissions factors to reported EIA gas volumes to make the estimate. The GHGRP also collects data regarding the quantity of gas delivered to all large end-users (i.e. those customers that receive 460,000 Mscf natural gas or greater per year) from LDCs. Large end- users are themselves required to report emissions from the natural gas they consume under other Part 98 subparts. By requiring LDCs to report the quantity of all deliveries and the gas consumed by all large end-users, EPA is able to determine the total CO2 emissions associated with natural gas combustion, including emissions by small facilities that are not required to report their direct emissions to the GHGRP. 15 ------- 2010-2011-2012 GHGRP Industrial Profile Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply GLOSSARY CBI means confidential business information. Direct emitters are facilities that combust fuels or otherwise put greenhouse gases into the atmosphere directly from their facility. Alternatively Suppliers are entities that supply certain fossil fuels or fluorinated gases into the economy thatwhen combusted, released or oxidized emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. EIA means the U.S. Energy Information Administration, which is an independent agency within the U.S. Department of Energy that develops surveys, collects energy data, and analyzes and models energy issues. GHGRP means the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program under 40 CFR part 98. HHV means high heating value of a fuel. IPCC AR4 refers to the Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (eds)]. IPCC\ Geneva, Switzerland2007. The AR4 values also can be found in the current version of Table A-l in Subpart A of 40 CFR part 98. LDC means a local distribution company for natural gas. MMT means million metric tons. Mscf means thousand standard cubic feet MMcf means million standard cubic feet NGL means natural gas liquid (ethane, propane, butane, isobutene, and pentanes plus). 16 ------- |