-8-EPA Thach Thufc ve Khong Khi Sach Trong Toa Nha Cd QUAN BAO VE MOI T R U 0 N C HOA KY THANC BA 2022 Tai lieu nay cung cap cac nguyen tac co ban va cac hanh dong chung dirge khuyen nghi de cai thien chat luong khong khi trong nha (lAQ-indoor air quality) trong cac toa nha va giam nguy co lay lan vi rut va cac chat gay o nhiem khac trong khong khi. Nhung hanh dong nay, cung nhu ho trg ky thuat va cac cong cu dugc cung cap thong qua cac lien ket, nham ho tro chu so huu va nguoi van hanh toa nha, cung nhu cac nha lanh dao to chirc va nguoi ra quyet dinh, de thuc hien thong gio va cac cai tien khac cua IAQ. Cac benh truyen nhiem nhu COVID-19 co the lay lan qua viec hit phai cac hat va hoi xit trong khong khi. Ngoai cac chien luge ngan ngira phan lop khac, viec thuc hien cac hanh dong de cai thien IAQ co the giam nguy co tiep xuc voi cac hat, hoi xit trong khong khi va cac chat gay o nhiem khac, dong thoi cai diien sue khoe cua nhung nguoi cu ngu trong toa nha. Khong co hanh dong nao trong so nay se loai bo hoan toan riii ro, chu so huu va nguoi van hanh toa nha co the khong can hoac khong the thuc hien tat ca cac hanh dong dugc liet ke diroi day. Sir ket hop tot nhat cua cac hanh dong cho mot toa nha se khac nhau tiiy tlieo khong gian va vi tri. Khi xac dinh nhung hanh dong nao can thuc hien de giup bao vc nguoi cu ngu, chu so huu va nguoi clieu hanh toa nha nen xem xet, vi dii, lurong dan sire khoe cong dong, ai va bao nhieu nguoi trong toa nha, cac hoat dong dien ra trong toa nha, chat lugng khong khi ngoai troi, khi hau, dieu kien thoi tiet va thiet bi suoi, thong gio, va dieu hoa khong khi (HVAC) da dugc lap dat. Mot so hanh dong co the lam tang mire tieu thu nang luong va co the thich hgp hon nhu cac bien phap tam thoi khi kha nang lay truyen benh cao hon. Chu so huu va nguoi van hanh toa nha nen thu hut cac chuyen gia, nguoi quan ly co so va nhung nguoi khac co ky nang, dugc dao tao va/lioac dugc chung nhan ve HYAC lam viec de phat trien va thirc hien cac ke hoach cai thien IAQ va quan ly luong khong khi. Cac hanh dong ca nhan va chien luge phong ngira theo lop van la nhirng bien phap quan trong de giam sir lay lan cua vi rut. Cac Quv Cua Ke Hoach Ciru Ho Hoa Ky va Luat Co So Ha Tang Luong Dang co the dugc su dung de bo sung cac khoan dau tir vao cai tien co so ha tang va IAQ trong cac moi trirong cong cong. 1. TAO K£ HOACH HANH DONG 0£ KHONG KHI TRONG NHA SACH SE TRONG TOA NHA CUA (CAC) BAN darih gia IAQ, lap k§ hoach nang cip va cai ti§n va bao gdm kiim tra va bao tri HVAC. Xac dinh each thirc khong khi sach ngoai troi dugc dua vao toa nha va phan phoi den tat ca cac khoang khong gian co ngiroi chiem ngu. Hieu va ghi lai each he thong HVAC hoat dong cho toa nha cua ban. Lam viec voi chuyen gia HVAC de danh gia va kiem tra cac he thong thong gio, loc, va lam sach khong khi. Xac minh thong qua van hanh. thu nghiem va can bant; rang cac he tliong toa nha dang hoat dong nhu thiet ke. Thuc hien cac phuong phap tiep can danh gia IAQ khac nhu giam sat carbon dioxide (C02) neu can. Xac dinh can co bao nhieu lugng khong khi sach (khong khi ngoai troi + khong khi tuan hoan HVAC da qua loc) va xac minh hoac do lirong viec cung cap khong khi cho tirng phong hoac khoang khong gian. Danh gia xem ban co can quan ly hudng cua cac luong khong khi trong cac khu virc co rui ro cao hon trong toa nha cua ban khong (vi du, trong van phong cua y ta trirong hoc). Tao mot ke hoach hanh dong IAQ bao gom kiem tra va bao tri thuong xuyen, bao gom thay the bo loc va nang cap hoac cai tien he thong HVAC, neu can. Ho trg nhung nguoi van hanh hoac trg giup xay dirng va he thong phan phoi khong khi bang each cung cap giao due va dao tao tiep tuc. ------- ~ D DO ~ D 2. TOl IAJ HOA LLPU LLFQ'NG KHONG KHI TRONG LANH bang each dipa khong khi sach ngoai troi vao va luan chuyin trong nha. Dam bao khong khi ngoai troi sach d muc chap nhan duoc hoac dirge loc day du khi dira vao toa nha. Su dung dung each cac thiet bi tiet kiem. la cac thiet bi bo sung lam mat co hoc bang khong khi trong lanh, de tang hieu qua va tiet kiem chi phi khong khi trong lanh. Chay he thong HVAC trong tat ca nhung gid co ngudi su dung de dam bao khong khi sach di vao va phan phoi khap toa nha. Dam bao rang quat hut trong phong tam dang hoat dong, va dat quat chay trong nhung gid co ngudi su dung. Tang luong khong khi sach, ngoai troi vao nhung thoi diem co nguy co cao hon (vi du, vao nhung thoi diem co nguy co cao veCOVID-19): " Dieu chinh cai dat HVAC trong khi xem xet sir thoai mai ve nhiet, do am, chat luong khong khi ngoai troi, va su dung nang luong. Can nhac chav he thong HVAC de loc sach khong khi trudc khi den noi va/hoac loai bo cac dang hat con sot lai vao cuoi ngay (vi du, 1-2 gid trudc/sau khi toa nha co ngudi su dung), neu can. Kiem tra lai vdi chuyen gia HVAC de hieu khong khi ngoai troi toi da ma he thong cua ban co the ho tro. Md cac cua so co the hoat dong, khi thoi tiet, chat luong khong khi ngoai troi, an toan cho ngudi chiem ngu, va he thong HVAC cho phep. Trong pham vi co the, kich hoat he thong thong gio cheo bang each md cua so va cua ra vao d cac phia doi dien cua can phong hoac toa nha. (Ghi chu: Md cua so trong khi chay he thong HVAC co the lam tang chi phi nang luong hoac tao ra cac chat gay o nhiem khong khi khac.) 3. TANG CUmiG LOC vA lAm SACH KHONG KHI bang each slp dung he thdng HVAC trung tam va cac thiit bj lam sach khong khi trong phong. Lap dat cac bo loc khong khi MERV-13 co kich thudc phu hop hoac cac bo loc MERV duoc xep hang cao nhat ma he thong HVAC co the dap ung. Dong cac khe hd xung quanh bo loc khong khi de giam thieu khong khi di chuyen xung quanh chung thay vi xuyen qua chung. Su dung may lam sach khong khi xach tav de tang ty le lam sach khong khi d nhung khu virc khong du luu luong khi va loc trung tam: Chon cac thiet bi co kich thudc phu hop vdi khong gian ma chung se duoc su dung. Xem xet cac san pham duoc chung nhanENERGY STAR . Neu phai xet den tieng on, hay tim san pham co muc am thanh duoc cam nhan la thap nhat. Nhu mot bien phap tam thoi, may loc khong khi tu lam cung co the duoc che tao tu bo loc HVAC va quat hop. Tang cudng thong gio va/hoac loc d nhung khu virc co nhieu dang hat va sol khi thai ra trong khong khi (vi du, phong tap the due, nha an, hoac phong hop xudng/ca nhac d trudng hoc). Ban co the thirc hien cac dieu chinh cho cac khu virc nay bang each: Tang khoi luong cung cap khong khi sach, ngoai troi. Su dung may lam sach khong khi xach tay. Thiet lap them he thong thong gio thoat khi de chuyen khong khi true tiep ra ben ngoai. Xem xet mot he thong Chieu Xa Diet Khuan Bang Tia Cue Tim (UVGI) d phong tren de lam sach khong khi. (He thong UVGI can duoc thiet ke va lap dat chuyen nghiep, vdi sir tu van cua cac chuyen gia.) 4. HAY DE CONG DONG CUA BAN THAM GIA VAO KE HOACH HANH DONG CUA BAN bling each giao tilp voi nhCrng ngiroi clp ngu trong toa nha di nang cao nhan thirc, cam kit va tham gia vao viec cai thien chit lirong khong khi trong nha va kit qua sire khoe. Thong bao cho nhung ngudi bi anh hudng (vi du, ngudi cu ngu trong toa nha, cong nhan, sinh vien, giao vien va phu huynh) ve each cac budc hanh dong ban dang thirc hien se cai thien chat luong khong khi trong nha va giam lay truyen benh tat trong toa nha cua ban. Hien thi cong viec cua ban bang each to chuc dan dat trong khi di khap toa nha, dang bang chi dan mo ta hoac giao tiep tren phuong tien truyen thong xa hoi. The hien tam quan trong cua cac hanh dong rieng le de dam bao hoat dong cua co so la toi uu (vi du, giu cho he thong thong gio khong bi Ion xon). ------- Cung cap co che phan hoi, chang han nhu yeu cau bao tri de xac dinh cac van de sua chua va khao sat de thu thap quan diem tir cong dong cua ban. Nen nha cac hanh dong ca nhan va cac chien luge phong ngua theo lop van la nhung bien phap quan trong de giam sir lay lan cua cac loai vi rut nhu COVID-19. ------- NGUON BO SUNG Lam Sach Tai Nguyen Khong Khi Trong Nha Chat Luang Khong Khi 0 Ben Trong Nha https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-qualitv-iaq Khong Khi Trong Nha va Coronavirus (COVID-19) https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/indoor-air-and-corona- virus-covid-19 Thong Gio va Coronavirus (COVID-19) https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/ventilation-and-corona- virus-covid-19 May Lam Sach Khong Khi, Bo Loc HVAC, va Coronavirus (COVID-19) https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/air-cleaners-hvac- fil- ters-and-coronavirus-covid-19 Cong Cu Thong Gio Tuong Tac https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent- get- ting-sick/interactive-ventilation-tool.html Ngan Hang Tai Nguyen Phat Hien Khoa Hoc Ve Chat Luang Khong Khi Trong Nha https://iaqscience.lbl.gov/ Thong Gio trong Cac Toa Nha Thong Gio trong Cac Toa Nha I CDC Thong Gio tai Noi Lam Viec https://www.osha.gov/ventilation Cai Thien He Thong Thong Gio Trong Nha Khi Thai Tiet Lanh https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ OSHA4172.pdf Huong Dan ve COVID-19 khi Thong Gio tai Noi Lam Viec https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ OSHA41Q3.pdf Luc Luong Dac Nhiem Ve Dich Te, Cac Khuyen Nghi Cot Loi ASHRAE https://www.ashrae.org/file%201ibrarv/technical%20 resources/covid-19/core-recommendations-for-reduc-ing- airborne-infectious-aerosol-exposure.pdf Tai Nguyen Danh cho Truang Hoc Tao Ra Chat Luong Khong Khi trong Nha Lanh Manh o Cac Truong Hoc https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools Chien Dich Truong Hoc Lanh Manh va Hieu Qua https://efficienthealthvschools.lbl.gov/ Trang Web Truong Hoc Hieu Qua va Lanh Manh https://www.energv.gov/eere/buildings/efficient- and- healthy-schools Huong Dan Cua Lire Luong Dac Nhiem Dich cho Cac Truong Hoc va Dai Hoc ASHRAE https://www.ashrae.org/file%201ibrarv/technical%20re- sources/covid-19/ashrae-reopening-schools-and-universi- ties-c 19-guidance .pdf Tai Nguyen Danh cho Chuyen Gia Xay Dung Chuoi Hoi Thao Tren Web Ve Dao Tao Chuyen Nghiep Ve Chat Luong Khong Khi Trong Nha https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/indoor-air-qualitv-mas- ter-class-professional-training-webinar-series Chat Luong Khong Khi trong Nha 0 Van Phong va Cac Toa Nha Lon Khac https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-qualitv-iaq/in- door-air-qualitv-offices-and-other-large-buildings Trung Tam Tai Nguyen Toa Nha Tot Hon: Hoat Dong Xay Dung trong COVID-19 https: //betterbuildingssolutioncenter. energy. gov/covid 19 Huong Dan Ve Chat Luong Khong Khi Trong Nha ASHRAE http s: //ashrae. org/iaq Huong Dan Cua Lire Luong Dac Nhiem Dich Benh ASHRAE cho Cac Toa Nha Thuong Mai https://www.ashrae.org/file%201ibrarv/technical%20re - sources/covid- 19/ashrae-commercial-c 19- guidance.pdf ------- |