The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Global Methane Initiative USDA USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ------- Contents Letter from the Assistant Administrator The Global Methane Initiative Agriculture Coal Mines Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Wastewater Oil and Gas Systems Looking Forward ------- December 2012 Dear Colleagues, Climate change remains one of today's most critical international environmental problems. Methane, the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide, is considered a short- lived climate pollutant (SLCP), meaning that it has a relatively short lifespan in the atmosphere. Unlike other GHGs, methane is the primary component of natural gas and can be converted to usable energy. Reducing methane emissions is a cost-effective method to reduce GHGs that yields important co-benefits, such as air quality, increased energy security, and improved worker safety. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) aims to reduce methane emissions and advance the abatement, recovery, and use of methane as a valuable clean energy source. GMI achieves this by creating an international network to build capacity, develop strategies and markets, and remove barriers to methane reduction project development in Partner Countries. From the beginning, the United States has been a strong leader of GMI. The United States is currently providing technical, financial, or capacity-building support to about 700 global projects and activities that reduced methane emissions by approximately 30 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTC02E) in 2011 alone. In October 2011, more than 160 GMI Partner Country representatives, government leaders, and technical experts from 31 countries gathered in Krakow, Poland, for a Partnership-wide meeting that included site tours and technical and policy sessions. During this meeting, the GMI Steering Committee approved plans for a third Partnership Expo that will be hosted by the government of Canada in Vancouver in March 2013. Similar to past Expos held in China and India, Methane Expo 2013 will be comprised of general plenary and concurrent sector-specific sessions and is expected to attract nearly 750 participants from more than 40 countries. As in years past, the United States is taking an active role in Expo planning and preparation. Within the last year, renewed international interest in reducing emissions of certain air pollutants led to development of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) that targets global emissions of SLCPs such as methane. As a CCAC founding partner, the United States has already committed $12 million in new funding to this effort, which represents a concrete step forward in taking further action on SLCPs. The CCAC provides an additional venue for GMI Partners to share their methane reduction expertise and capacity building experiences garnered through GMI as well as learn about methane abatement from other countries and organizations that join CCAC. As Chair of the GMI Steering Committee and as a representative of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, I am very pleased to report on these accomplishments and look forward to leading the United States' continued engagement in international methane mitigation. Sincerely, Gina McCarthy Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, U.S. EPA Steering Committee Chair, Global Methane Initiative Global Methane Initiative mi ------- ------- limate change is affecting our environment and people around the world. Greater energy efficiency, strategies to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs), and new technologies hold promise for addressing this global challenge. Using methane, the second most important GHG, as a clean energy source offers a unique opportunity to mitigate climate change and simultaneously increase available energy supply. Efforts to mitigate, recover, and utilize methane emissions can provide significant energy, eco- nomic, and environmental benefits. The Global Methane Initiative (GMI) promotes international action to address climate change while developing clean energy and stron- ger economies. Origins of GMI The Methane to Markets Partnership was launched in November 2004 at a Ministerial Meeting in Washington, D.C., when 14 national governments formally committed to minimize methane emissions from key sources, stress- ing the importance of implementing methane capture and use projects in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. In 2010, building on the strong accomplishments and suc- cessful track record of international cooperation through the Methane to Markets Partnership, GMI was launched with an expanded scope. The Partners expanded the GMI mission beyond methane recovery and use to also include methane abatement and avoidance, as weli as to add a new sector—municipal wastewater. GMI Partner Countries agreed to develop national action plans to coordinate methane reduction efforts domestically and abroad, appropriate for both developing and developed Partner Countries to outline their needs and opportunities and their plans to assist other countries. Developed Partner Countries, as well as others in the broader interna- tional community, were encouraged to provide financial commitments to accelerate global methane mitigation efforts. Goals and Benefits GMI's goals are to reduce global methane emissions to address climate change, enhance economic growth, strengthen energy security, and improve local environ- mental quality and industrial safety. GMI brings together the public and private sectors to develop projects that can reduce emissions from the agriculture, coal mines, municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater, and oil and gas sectors.1 Today, GMI Partners collectively contribute approximately 70 percent of the world's anthropogenic (or manmade) methane emissions. Cumulative methane emission reduc- tions achieved through GMI total more than 159 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTC02E). 159 MMTC02E cumulative methane emission reductions attributed to GMI GMI Partner Countries work with both public and private sector organizations to advance methane abatement, recovery, and use by providing project development and implementation support, training and capacity building, technology demonstration and deployment, and market development. "Landfills" has been changed to "Municipal Solid Waste"at the subcommittee's request to better reflect the full spectrum of potential abatement activities under GMI. 1 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Significant potential remains for further cost-effective methane emission reductions. By 2020, global meth- ane reduction potential is estimated to approach 1,800 MMTC02E at a breakeven price of $30 MTC02E.2 Because methane is a short-lived atmospheric gas, reducing meth- ane emissions will have important near-term benefits for mitigating climate change. Organizational Structure GMI brings together national governments, industry, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders to advance project development around the world. The Initiative is structured around the Steering Committee, the Administrative Support Group (ASG), five technical subcommittees, and the Project Network, which comprises representatives from the private sector and NGOs (see Figure 1). Together, the Initiative's branches are working to overcome the sector-specific barriers imped- ing methane emission reduction project development. The Steering Committee guides the work of the Partnership and is supported by the ASG, or secretariat, which is housed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The technical sector subcommittees— Agriculture, Coal Mines, Municipal Solid Waste, Municipal Wastewater, and Oil and Gas—are responsible for guiding and assessing sector-specific activities and engaging Partner Country delegates and Project Network members. Each subcommittee has also developed an action plan for coordinating and implementing these activities as a means of building capacity, transferring technology, and promoting private investment. Figure 1: GMI Organizational Structure Administrative Support Group > Agricultural Subcommittee J Coal Mines Subcommittee J Municipal Solid Waste Subcommittee J Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee A J Oil and Gas Subcommittee Project Network Members ] 2 U.S. EPA, Global Mitigation ofNon-C02 Greenhouse Gases (EPA Report 430-R-06-005), 2006. www.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/EPAactivities/ GlobalMitigationFullReport.pdf. 2 ------- The Global Methane Initiative The Importance of Methane Methane (CH4) is a potent GHG that is 25 times more effective at trapping heat than C02 over a 100-year timeframe.3 Annual methane emissions are the second most abundant GHG after C02, with an estimat- ed 7,196 MMTCOjE emitted from anthropogenic (or manmade) sources in 2010.4 Anthropogenic sources of methane include oil and natural gas production, coal mining, municipal solid waste (e.g., landfills), municipal wastewater, and agriculture (including livestock manure). Anthropogenic sources of methane have increased over time, causing the atmospheric concentration of methane to grow 150 percent since 1750. Without more aggressive measures, methane emissions are expected to increase nearly 20 percent by 2030, continuing an upward trend far above the natural level of methane.5 Reducing methane emissions can significantly slow near-term climate change impacts because meth- ane has a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of about 12 years. Methane also is the primary compo- nent of natural gas, so capturing and utilizing methane as a clean-burning energy source can promote sustainable development and energy security. Additionally, reducing methane emissions can avoid the negative health effects (e.g., breathing problems, asthma attacks, reduced lung function, lung diseases) and premature deaths associated with unhealthy ozone levels. Recent studies estimate that aggressive actions to reduce methane emissions would reduce ozone air pollution globally and could avoid roughly 400,000 premature ozone-related deaths by 2030.6 * Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html. 4 U.S. EPA, Global Anthropogenic Emissions of Non-CO2Greenhouse Gases: 1990-2030 (EPA Report 430-R-12-006), 2012.www.epa.gov/ climatechange/EPAactivities/economics/nonco2projections.html. 5 U.S. EPA, 2012. s UNC Global, UNC Studies, Global Coalition Agree: Decreasing Short-term Greenhouse Gases Benefits Climate, Health, 2012. http://global.unc. edu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3006<emid=94. 3 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments The GMI Partnership Continues To Grow GMI now comprises 40 Partner Countries and the European Commission, as well as more than 1,100 diverse organizations from six continents who participate in the Project Network. This growth represents nearly a tripling in the number of Partners (see Figure 2) and a 10-fold increase in Project Network members since 2004.7 Figure 2: GMI Partner Countries O Argentina Australia j ^ Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador i- I European Commission Finland Georgia Germany Ghana India Indonesia Italy Japan Jordan Ethiopia As of November 2012. Kazakhstan Mexico Mongolia Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Pakistan Rem Philippines Poland ^1^ Republic of Korea (South Korea) Russia Serbia Sri Lanka Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States of America Vietnam 4 ------- The Global Methane Initiative U.S. Government Leadership in Reducing Methane Emissions U.S. government efforts under GMI are led by EPA and involve the collective efforts of other federal agencies and departments, including the Department of State, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, the Agency for International Development (USAID), and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA). In 2004, the United States pledged up to $53 million over a five-year period to help facilitate the development and implementation of methane projects in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. In 2010, the United States pledged another $50 million to ensure the success of the GMI over the next five years. These resources will help support diverse activities, including prefeasibility and feasibility studies at potential project sites and capacity-building through technology transfer and training. Funding will also be used to support the development of tools and resources and the work of the ASG across more than two dozen Partner Countries (see Figures 3 and 4). Figure 3: FY 2011 U.S. Expenditures by Type of Activity Technology Demonstration and Deployment General 2% Partnership I Support V I 19% N Training and Capacity-Building ^ 41% Figure 4: FY 2011 U.S. Expenditures by Region8 North America 11% Expenditures for a large October 2011 Partnership-wide meeting in Krakow, Poland—with benefit to all GMI Partners—account for a significant portion of Europe's share (see page 7). 5 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments The funds committed by the United States have been instrumental in leveraging funding from other sources, dramatically increasing the reach and influence of U.S. financial support (see Figure 5). In this context, "lever- aged" funding refers to financial (or in-kind) contributions to project development catalyzed by or building upon initial U.S. government contributions by other entities, such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, other Partner governments, and the private sector. The consistently strong U.S. support has been a major factor in the Initiative's growth in size, scope, and influence. This solid foundation will help GMI reach its expanded goals as it works to advance methane projects around the world. Figure 5: U.S. Government Funding and Leveraged Funding, FY 2005-FY 2011 Total U.S. Government Funding Leveraged Funding $64.5 w 200 300 400 Dollars (in millions) 500 Specific U.S. Government Efforts The U.S. government has been actively helping to ad- vance methane mitigation through project assistance and tracking, ongoing capacity-building, and workshop and conference support. Some of these efforts are highlighted below. Tracking Emission Reductions in Partner Countries GMI continues to track project-related emission reduc- tions. Currently, GMI is tracking nearly 2,000 methane project sites around the world, of which the United States is providing technical, financial, or capacity-building support for about 700. From 2005 through 2011, poten- tial and actual emission reductions from U.S.-supported projects approached nearly 141 MMTC02E and more than 159 MMTC02E, respectively (see Figure 6). In 2011, U.S. efforts in support of GMI yielded actual annual emission reductions totaling approximately 30 MMTC02E. "Actual" emission reductions are those that have been achieved and measured from implemented projects in any given year. "Potential" represents annual emission reductions that have been identified through GMI capacity-building activities (e.g., prefeasibility or feasibility studies) that could be realized if the emission reduction project(s) were fully implemented. Additionally, GMI has a new Web interface for sites and activities aimed at improving the ability to search for projects that are of interest to Partner Country delegates and Project Network members. The new interface allows a user to search by the sector as well as the country where the project is located. 6 ------- The Global Methane Initiative Figure 6: Annual Methane Emission Reductions from U.S.-Supported Projects, 2005-2011 50,000,000 40,000,000 ^ 30,000,000 O 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 - 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 fl Actual k _ Potential Ongoing Capacity-Building/Technology Transfer In 2011, the United States continued to provide technical support for GMI. The United States held more than 20 workshops and "hands-on" technical demonstrations in more than 10 Partner Countries. One of these included an Asia-Pacific oil and gas sector meeting held in September 2011 in Jakarta, Indonesia (see page 22 for details) to discuss strategies for reducing methane emissions from oil and gas facilities. The United States also conducted site visits, hosted several U.S. study tours, and supported ongoing technology demonstrations (see Table 1 for some examples). Promoting Project Financing Options In April 2011, EPA co-sponsored a webinar about potential methane emission project financing options available from the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. This webinar—targeted at corporations, investors, project developers, energy service companies, and financial institutions with interest in emerging market investment opportunities—attracted more than 100 global attend- ees representing GMI Partner Countries and the Project Network. Poland Hosts Partnership-wide Meeting Building on the expanding Project Network and Partner Countries, GMI—in cooperation with the government of Poland—held a Partnership-wide meeting in Krakow in October 2011. The meeting attracted more than 160 Partner Country and Project Network representatives, government leaders, and technical experts from 31 countries. Marcin Korolec, Undersecretary of State with Poland's Ministry of Economy, welcomed GMI to Poland and emphasized the importance of methane as a clean energy source. The meeting included sector-specific site tours and technical workshops, formation of a Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee, a tour of the World Heritage Site Wieliczka Salt Mine, and networking opportunities for participants. The following sections highlight some of the notable 2011 activities and projects supported by the U.S. govern- ment in each of the five sectors: agriculture, coal mines, municipal solid waste, municipal wastewater, and oil and gas systems. 7 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Table 1. Examples of 2011 Site Visits, Study Tours, and Technology Demonstrations Activity Sector Locations/Participants Site Visits Agriculture • Farm digesters in China, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. • Poland's National Research Institute of Animal Production. Coal Mines • India's Ministry of Coal, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, the Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI), which operates the CMM Clearinghouse in Ranchi; the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR) in Dhanbad; and Essar Energy in Durgapur. • Poland's Central Mining Institute of Katowice's experimental "Barbara" mine and JSW's "Pniowek" hard coal mine. Municipal Solid Waste • Contagem (Perobas) Landfill in Brazil. • El Molle and Loma Los Colorados Landfills in Chile. • Piyungan, Solo, Chipeucang, Bogor, and Bantar Landfills in Indonesia. • "Barycz" Landfill in Poland. • Kocael, Komurcuoda, and Kemerbergaz Odayeri Landfills in Turkey. • Lugansk, Chernihiv, Mariupol, Kryukivshchyna, and Borispol Landfills in Ukraine. Oil and Gas • Poland's Gaz-System compressor station and laboratory. • India's Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) natural gas compressor sta- tion and processing plant. Study Tours to the United States Municipal Solid Waste • Brazilian participants met with members of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC), EPA, and other select orga- nizations, and also visited U.S. landfill gas energy projects. • Representatives from Mexico's TECMED (Tecnicas Medioambientales) and Grupo Bimbo and Serbia's University of Novi Sad visited seven land- fill gas to energy projects in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Oil and Gas • Representatives from Russia's Gazprom, India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), and Argentina's Empresa Nacional Del Petroleo (ENAP) Sipetrol visited facilities operated by Chevron, Oxy, and ConocoPhillips in Texas and New Mexico. Technology Demonstrations Agriculture • Household- to large-scale anaerobic digester demonstrations in China, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Oil and Gas • Assisted a subsidiary company of the China National Petroleum Corpo- ration (CNPC) to evaluate and purchase leak detection and measurement equipment. 8 ------- ethane is produced and emitted from the decomposition of livestock manure and (the organic components in agro-industrial wastewater.9 These wastes are typically stored or treated in waste management systems that promote anaerobic conditions (e.g., liquid or slurry in lagoons, ponds, tanks, or pits) and produce biogas, a mixture of about 70 percent methane, 30 percent C02, and less than 1 percent hydrogen sulfide. GMI helps brings together the collective resources and expertise of the international community to address tech- nical and policy issues and to facilitate anaerobic diges- tion (AD) projects in Partner Countries. GMI also provides a forum to reduce AD project development barriers that commonly exist by raising awareness about AD technolo- gies, building capacity, developing strategies and mar- kets, assisting with project financing, and working directly with Partners to address specific technical and financial concerns. Through GMI, the United States advances the recovery and use of methane at agricultural operations in several countries, including China, the Philippines, and Thailand. U.S.-supported workshops and demonstration projects are instrumental in ensuring successful development of commercially operating AD projects. Many of these activi- ties, which provide multiple benefits, such as water pollu- tion control and improved rural sanitation, will continue to yield methane emission reductions in future years. Working With Small- to Medium-Scale AD Systems in the Philippines In the Philippines, the agriculture sector contributes 71 percent of the country's methane emissions, of which livestock manure accounts for approximately 10 percent.10 Because many of the emissions are from small farms, EPA has focused on supporting small-scale AD technology development, including fixed domes, stacked domes, and tubular and bag digesters. In 2011, the Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development hosted a series of training workshops supported by a joint initiative between EPA and the World Bank. These trainings were intended to develop a cadre of in-country technical experts who learn to design AD systems, manage system construction, and train AD operators in the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of these systems. The workshops covered a range of topics, including digester design (i.e., estimates of standing pig population, Tubular digester in the Philippines ' Agricultural methane sources also include rice cultivation and enteric fermentation. GMI's Agriculture Subcommittee focuses on livestock and agro- industrial wastes. * U.S. EPA, 2012. 9 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments process water use, potential energy reduction calcula- tions); digester financing and performance (e.g., quan- tification of certified emission reductions); hands-on digester design, construction, and operation; flare installation; gas handling; and methane measurement, verification, and reporting. As part of these trainings, EPA developed pilot-scale tubular digesters with larger diameter material (appropri- ate for up to medium-scale farms) that reduce costs by 50 percent when compared to other designs. In 2011, EPA developed a simple Excel-based calculator tool to assist in designing covered lagoon systems for swine waste management in the Philippines. Using the tool is straightforward; it has a simple interface through which users enter farm-specific data. The tool estimates design parameters, emission reductions, energy genera- tion potential, and costs for swine-related covered lagoon systems. Similar tools for other countries may be devel- oped in the future for use in digester design-related train- ings. EPA also supported the development of technical standards for small-scale AD systems to enable Philippine farmers to design and operate these systems. Developing the International AD Database Table 2. Commercially Operating AD Projects in the International AD Database Country Number of Projects China 15 Mexico 395 Philippines 6 Thailand 33 Vietnam 14 The United States contributed to the development of an international AD database that provides information on the types and scale of operating AD systems in GMI Partner Countries. This information can help identify the types of projects that are successful in certain countries or regions. In 2011, EPA began collecting data from Partner Countries using a standardized data collection template (see Figure 7). Currently, the database contains informa- tion on more than 450 AD systems in China, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam (Table 2). These projects involve more than 3.5 million swine and almost 100,000 dairy cows. EPA expects the number of commer- cially operating AD projects to increase as it continues to develop programmatic environments by which projects can be deployed using local design and service industries around the world. Figure 7. International AD Database Data Collection Template Activity Template: Contains general information about activities, such as anaerobic digester projects or feasibility studies. ACTIVITY NAME OUTSIDE FUNDING ORGANIZATIONS Ag Project Template: Contains detailed technical data pertaining to anaerobic digester projects or studies. ASSOCIATED DEVELOPERS AND TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS DATA COLLECTED BY Site Template: Contains general information about the site at which the activity is located. PRIMARY CONTACT OWNER OPERATOR CONTACT OWNER OPERATOR ORGANIZATION Contact Template: Lists contact information for any individual's ORGANIZATION Organization Template: Lists information about organizations listed in any other templates. 10 ------- Agriculture Conducting Resource Assessments EPA continues to support a strategic approach to reducing methane from the agriculture sector by assisting with the development of country-specific resource assessments (RAs). These assessments are critical planning tools that identify and rank the agriculture sectors and subsectors for potential emission reductions. In 2011, EPA finalized RAs for the Dominican Republic and Turkey. Based on the RAs EPA has conducted to date, more than 55 MMTC02E could be reduced by implementing AD systems for agri- cultural waste in those Partner Countries (see Table 3). Table 3. Potential Emission Reductions Identified in Resource Assessments Country Argentina Brazil Colombia Dominican Republic Potential Emission Reductions (MTC02E/y) 2,274,700 20,313,300 1,241,700 354,800 Ecuador 386,500 5,716,100 Mexico 14,785,600 Philippines 2,553,800 Thailand 4,956,000 Turkey 1,328,100 Vietnam 1,420,300 55,330,900 Leveraging Funds and Partnerships Since 2006, the United States has entered into partner- ships with GMI Partner Countries, NGOs, farm owner co- operatives, the United Nations (U.N.), and the World Bank. Through funds and technical assistance agreements, these partnerships have successfully increased adoption of AD technology. The Livestock Waste Management East Asia project, for example, was a partnership between GMI, the World Bank, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), commercial farmers, and the governments of participat- ing countries (China, Thailand, and Vietnam). The program promoted institutional capacity-building and policy development and implementation to create affordable pollution control methods for livestock waste manage- ment in order to reduce major negative environmental and health effects associated with concentrated livestock production. The project began in 2006 and was complet- ed in December 2011. Over the course of the project, the World Bank provided $21 million in funding, with partner governments and farm owners contributing additional funds. EPA and FAO provided technical assistance and ad- ditional funding to help implement projects and increase the number of participating farms. 11 ------- ethane is emitted from active and aban- doned underground and surface mines, and as a result of post-mining activities, including coal processing, storage, and transportation. To facilitate coal mine methane (CMM) project development, GMI is building international alliances to advance methane recovery and use at coal mines throughout the world. Underground mines are the single largest source of CMM emissions in many coal-producing countries. For years, methane in coal mines was viewed as a nuisance and a safety hazard that had little intrinsic value. Current CMM recovery and use projects have shown the opposite is true: CMM is a clean energy source and a commodity that, when captured, can provide many benefits to the mine in terms of increased revenue, improved worker safety, and greater mine productivity. The United States is a leader in CMM recovery and contin- ues to work with international partners through GMI to share information, expertise, and technology to promote CMM project development. Continuing Support for CMM Recovery and Utilization in China In 2011, EPA continued to support CMM recovery and utilization project feasibility studies at Chinese coal mines. The studies assess the technical and economic viability of implementing methane recovery and utilization projects, with detailed findings and project implementation rec- ommendations compiled in comprehensive final reports. With EPA funding, the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (VCCER), which is affiliated with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), developed a regional handbook for coalbed methane (CBM) degasification in the Southern Shanxi province of China. VCCER and its collaborative research partners con- ducted a detailed CBM reserve analysis on a gas-bearing coal property in China's Qinshui Coal Basin, considered to be representative of the region. In November 2011, EPA published a report entitled China's Energy Markets: Anhui, Chongqing, Henan, and Guizhou Provinces. This document compiles the results of energy market analysis performed during the course of several comprehensive CMM recovery and utilization feasibility studies conducted in China. In 2011, EPA also completed its feasibility study for CMM drainage and utilization at theTai Xi Group Mines in Inner Mongolia, China. Expanding mine gas storage silo in Southern Shanxi, China 12 ------- Coal Mines Capacity-Building Meetings in A collaborative effort between EPA and key Indian organi- zations to bring India's coal methane resources to market in an environmentally beneficial manner has produced a first for India: prospective operators are being offered ac- tive coal mining blocks to develop projects to extract and utilize CMM. In early 2011, India's Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) issued a notice inviting ten- ders for five CMM blocks held by Coal India Limited (CIL). As part of this activity, EPA met with Indian organizations focused on coal mining and methane emission reduc- tions. During the trip, EPA toured new laboratory facilities and methane data collection field sites on the coal blocks that have been designated by the Indian government for potential CMM development. In October 2011, EPA co-hosted the first Indo-U.S. work- shop on CMM with the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR) in Dhanbad. The goal of the four- day workshop was to share information on coal seam gas and drainage and utilization technologies with local India mining officials. Presentation topics included financial feasibility of CBM/CMM projects, mine degasification sys- tems, directional drilling, well logging, and sustainability. The workshop also included a site visit to the Parbatpur CBM development project. Dulling cores in the Damodar Valley, India Disseminating Best Practices and Assessing Opportunities in Kazakhstan In 2011, the United States continued to support dis- semination of a new document that GMI was integral in developing—Best Practice Guidance for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines—published by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in 2010. This publication directly contributes to improving mine safety standards at active underground coal mines by supporting safer mining practices to reduce fatalities, injuries, and property losses. In May 2011, EPA supported a UNECE Best Practices Workshop in Karaganda. The workshop featured interna- tional experts presenting on best practices for pre-mine drainage, post-mining drainage drilling methods, meth- ane utilization and abatement, and the current status of gas drainage and utilization at Arecelor Mittal Lenina MineinTemirtau. EPA conducted a mission to Kazakhstan to learn more about the current status of the country's coal industry and discuss areas for potential CMM project opportunities. Subsequently, EPA published Deep Gassy Coal Mines of Karaganda Coal Basin, which features detailed informa- tion on the Karaganda Coal Basin. The report highlights current CMM capture and utilization opportunities for four Arcelor Mittal Temirtau underground coal mines— Kazakhstanskaya, Lenina, Abaiskaya, and Tentekskaya— and seeks to identify potential opportunities for future site-specific assessments. 13 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Supporting a Cogeneration Project n Poland Iri 2011, an EPA-funded feasibility study found that meth- ane from the abandoned Zory Coal Mine in Poland could be economically extracted and converted to liquefied nat- ural gas (LNG). The report estimated that CMM captured from the abandoned Zory Coal Mine could help avoid 490,000 billion cubic meters (m3) in methane emissions annually. Based on the study's finding that the project could be even more economical, a 2-megawatt (MW) combined heat and power (CHP) plant generation unit has been in operation at the mine since 2010. The engine is fueled with gas from the mine, power is sold to a power supply corporation power trader, and the thermal energy is sold to a heat supplier for a small housing estate. The system produces about 46,500 kilowatt-hours of energy per day, which is enough to power more than 11,000 households, and the thermal energy serves almost 1,800 apartments. CHP unit at abandoned Zory Coal Mine in Poland Continuing Technical Discussions n Ukraine In September 2011, EPA hosted a technical workshop in conjunction with a UNECE Best Practices Workshop in Donetsk. The two-day GMI event was attended by nearly 100 participants and brought together key CMM recovery and utilization experts to share information about the state of Ukraine's coal industry, best practices for de- gasification in advance of mining, maximizing methane capture and optimizing gas utilization, and mitigating ventilation air methane (VAM) emissions. The workshop focused on mine safety, covering topics such as current programs for training new coal mine inspectors, explosion prevention, post-mining drainage, and advanced drilling technology in overpressured formations. Additional Coal Workshops, Scoping Missions, and Tools EPA participated in CMM workshops in Colombia, Russia, and Turkey, and conducted a scoping mission to Vietnam to discuss CMM/CBM project development at four coal mines in Mao Khe, Quang Hanh, Duong Huy, and Khe Cham. To aid CMM project developers, EPA updated an existing CMM technology database that provides basic descriptions of key CMM recovery and utilization tech- nologies, including each technology's current status and commercial availability. EPA also published a white paper discussing CMM projects that involve flaring-only of drained gas. Based on information about more than 300 projects in the GMI CMM Project Database, EPA identified 10 flaring-only projects and an additional 13 energy recovery projects that flare nonrecoverable gas. The paper compares the GHG emission benefits of flaring to both energy recovery and venting to the atmosphere. Based on the findings, the GMI Coal Mines Subcommittee adopted the position that flaring should only be considered for mines with low-concentration drained CMM, where installing CMM end-use projects might be technically or economically infeasible or impractical. 14 ------- Municipal solid waste (MSW) management and treatment activities are sources of methane emissions worldwide. Opportu- nities exist for reducing methane emis- sions by collecting the methane-containing landfill gas (LFG) from landfills and using it for fuel. Methane emis- sions from MSW can also be reduced by modifying how the collected waste is treated. Organic fractions of the MSW stream can be diverted from landfills and instead disposed of at anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, or waste-to-energy facilities. Using these climate-friendly MSW solutions can yield substantial energy, economic, environmental, and public health benefits. GMI brings together collective Partner resources and experience to facilitate technology transfer and demon- stration, policy support, capacity-building, and market development necessary to implement LFG energy proj- ects and increase LFG emission reductions. Specifically, the MSW sector has been working to reduce the barriers to LFG energy project development in Partner Countries. These barriers include the following: lack of in-country technical expertise; inadequate identification or evalua- tion of suitable candidate landfills; lack of demonstrated technical and economic feasibility of proven technologies and practices in local contexts; and other financial, infor- mational, and institutional obstacles. Engaging and Training Local Government Officials Argentina LFG-fired boiler in operation at Gaoantun Landfill in China EPA provided a series of informational presentations to the Bahia Blanca City Council on the basics of LFG energy and the climatic and economic benefits and opportunities of LFG recovery projects. The presentations included an overview of LFG energy recovery technologies and the fundamentals of LFG formation, collection, and control. EPA also made presentations to the municipal sustainabil- ity coordinator and the Argentina Solid Waste Association. China EPA was invited by JUCCCE, a nonprofit organization dedicated to accelerating the greening of China, to participate in a 10-day training event in Beijing sponsored by the National Academy for Mayors of China. The GMI training session was attended by 36 mayors, focused on LFG capture and utilization, and included a site visit to the Gaoantun Landfill, which has received significant EPA technical assistance on the design and operation of its LFG collection and monitoring system. 15 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Continued Partnership with the International Solid Waste Association EPA and the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) have been collaborating on environmental protection and integrated solid waste management by co-hosting work- shops and trainings and working together informally on other technical assistance activities. In 2011, EPA and ISWA continued this partnership and took a major step toward formalizing this highly successful relationship. GMI participated in an ISWA- and SIBICO International Ltd.-organized solid waste conference held in Moscow, Russia. EPA contributed by sponsoring a session on its experience in landfill biogas extraction and utilization technology application, and by conducting a L.FG energy workshop. ISWA formally joined GMI by signing a memo- randum of understanding (MOU) with EPA—a major con- ference highlight. Under this MOU, EPA and iSWA pledged to collaborate on a number of activities, including: coor- dinate training activities and workshops; promote GHG reduction and mitigation and energy recovery from the waste sector; build LFG capture and utilization capacity in ISWA-GMI countries; and provide critical support, feed- back, and review for tools, reports, and guidance. Following up on the MOU commitment, EPA participated in ISWA's 2011 Beacon Conference in Novi Sad, Serbia, which focused on waste-to-energy technologies and op- portunities and packaging waste in developing countries. EPA presented a paper delineating market conditions in central and eastern Europe and identifying ways GMI might support growing LFG energy opportunities in those regions. Educating Stakeholders on the Benefits of Direct Thermal LFG Energy Projects Electricity-generating projects are the most prominent LFG energy projects worldwide. To encourage the devel- opment of international projects that directly utilize LFG, EPA sponsored a variety of initiatives—including study tours and feasibility studies—to educate corporations on how LFG can be a reliable and low-cost fuel source for their operations. In September 2011, LFG energy professionals from Mexico and Serbia traveled to several LFG energy projects located in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina to partici- pate in a study tour. The tour included visits to a wide vari- ety of industrial and commercial sectors, including auto manufacturers, chemical plants, greenhouses, and artisan kilns. The study tours gave the potential international end users confidence that the technology is demonstrated, reliable, and cost-competitive with other alternative fuel sources. EPA conducted searches for landfills in close proximity to manufacturing facilities. In 2011, EPA worked closely with ALFA, CEMEX, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, and Proctor and Gamble to map coordinates of various plants in GMI Partner Countries—such as Brazil, China, the Dominican Republic, Germany, Mexico, Poland, and the United States—with landfills from the GMI International Landfill Database. EPA worked with landfill operators to confirm technical data and then applied country-specific LFG modeling tools to assess the site-specific potential for a LFG energy recovery project. Site tour participants visit the flare station at EnergyXchange in North Carolina 16 ------- Municipal Solid Waste Expanding Work in New GMI Partner Countries Ethiopia and Nigeria EPA participated in a GMi-sponsored side event at the African Carbon Forum, which is a knowledge-exchanging platform for all carbon markets. The workshop featured speakers from EPA, Ethiopia, and Nigeria who discussed advancing landfill methane projects and the associated public health benefits achieved through the advancement of improved solid waste practices. EPA presented an overview on GMI and its work in Africa to date. Other presentations focused on opportunities for reducing landfill methane emissions and improving solid waste management in Ethiopia, as well as incorporating LFG recovery as a component of integrated solid waste management in the Lagos State of Nigeria. EPA awarded a grant to Nigeria's Lagos Waste Manage- ment Authority (LAWMA) to evaluate capturing and utiliz- ing LFG from the Abule Egba and Solous Landfills. Based on the findings, LAWMA commenced the first phase of its LFG energy project, which will ensure steady electricity supply to residents in 2012. EPA also sponsored a grant with Ethiopia's Community Development Research to host a Landfill and Soiid Waste Management Workshop in Addis Ababa. Session topics included assessment of Ethiopia's landfill operations, current solid waste man- agement practices, LFG collection processes, and market conditions and technologies available for LFG energy. Turkey EPA representatives traveled to Turkey for a six-day scop- ing visit to observe landfill operations and site conditions and discuss LFG energy market conditions with local stakeholders. The tour included visits to the Kemerburgaz Odayeri, Komucouda, and Kocaeli Landfills—two of which included LFG energy projects. Visits were also made to composting and recycling facilities and a gasification plant in Kermerburgaz, as well as a hazardous waste incinerator in Kocaeli. Bringing New LFG Projects Online In 2011, EPA provided technical assistance to several new LFG collection and beneficial energy-use projects. In Brazil, the Solid Waste Treatment Center BR-040 in Belo Horizonte added a fourth GE Jenbacher engine and installed 5.6 MW of electric-generating capacity, and is sending this renewable energy to the local grid. In Colombia, a LFG flare with a rated capacity of 3,000 m3 per hour was installed at the El Guacal Sanitary Landfill in Heliconia. Together, these new projects accounted for total GHG reductions of 256,848 MMTCO.E in 2011. Both projects have been registered and have submitted monitoring reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC's) Clean Development Mechanism. 17 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Completing LFG Assessment Reports EPA completed assessment reports at eight landfills in multiple GMI Partner Countries during 2011 (see Table 4). The objective of these assessment reports was to evaluate the methane emission reduction potential and explore various energy recovery technology options available at the study sites. Collectively, these landfills represent an estimated 454,500 MMTC02E in potential emission reduc- tions for 2012 if projects were developed at these sites. Table 4.2011 LFG Assessment Reports Country Name of Landfill/Location Brazil Maracanau Landfill (State of Ceara) Uberaba Landfill and Vale de Aco Landfill (State of Minas Gerais) China Hongshantou Landfill (Xiangfan) Lingshan Landfill (Jimo) Taoshugang Landfill (Changde) Zhanjing City MSW Landfill (Zhanjing) Nicaragua La Chureca Landfill (Managua) 18 ------- is®. •? a filrdHi^i *Tr M ethane is produced when the organic material in municipal wastewater decom- poses anaerobically. Varying amounts of methane are emitted during the collec- tion, handling, and treatment of wastewater depending on methods employed. A number of techniques can be employed to reduce or recover and use wastewater methane that can yield substantial energy, economic, environmental, air quality, and public health benefits. Forming New Subcommittee and Taking a Leadership Role In October 2011, GMI officially added the Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee as its fifth sector subcom- mittee. Previously, EPA played an active role in the Wastewater Task Force, and volunteered to serve as a co-chair of the newly formed subcommittee. As a co-chair of the new GMI Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee, EPA is actively engaged in supporting the subcommittee's initial activities: Developing sector action plan. The sector action plan will lay out the specific activities and strategies that the Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee will undertake to promote methane reduction and use. Once the sector action plan is developed, EPA will formulate a U.S.-specific Wastewater Action Plan. Developing sector fact sheet. The sector fact sheet will summarize the focus and scope of the new municipal wastewater sector as well as describe the activities that the subcommittee envisions undertaking. Planning and coordinating subcommit- tee events. EPA is actively involved in planning and coordinating 2012 Municipal Wastewater Subcommittee events. Participating in Wastewater Events Brazil At the invitation of the Brazilian Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro Chapter, EPA presented on "Opportunities to Use Biogas, Heat & Energy at Sewage Treatment Plants" in June 2011. This presenta- tion focused on studies analyzing the opportunities to utilize biogas, heat, and energy at sewage treatment plants in the United States and included a discussion of potential applications internationally. More than 200 participants from across Brazil and Latin American were in attendance. Other topics covered during the seminar included energy management, energy efficiency, and improved water management. Chile In October 2011, EPA presented on biogas recovery op- portunities within the wastewater sector at a seminar sponsored by the Biotechnology Nucleus Curauma of the Catholic University of Valparaiso and the Autonomous University of Mexico. EPA was invited to participate in this seminar, both to present on biogas utilization opportunities as well as to gain insights into existing Latin American initia- tives focused on GHG mitigation from this sector. The Netherlands At the Sixth International Symposium on Non-CO? Greenhouse Gases, EPA led a panel discussion address- ing global opportunities to reduce methane emissions from wastewater treatment plants. The panel included an overview of GMI's focus within the sector and was followed by private sector presentations focused on anaerobic digesters, as well as overviews of methane capture and use opportunities in Brazil and across Latin America. 19 ------- M ethane emissions occur during normal operation, routine maintenance, and system disruptions in the oil and natural gas industry. Emissions vary among facili- ties and are largely a function of process and equipment type, operation and maintenance procedures, and equip- ment conditions. Although natural gas is a relatively clean source of energy, methane losses from oil and gas systems account for more than 20 percent of total world- wide methane emissions. GMI's Oil and Gas sector has undertaken numerous activities to support the identification, reduction, and recovery of vented and fugitive methane emissions from oil and natural gas systems in Partner Countries. Through capacity-building workshops and trainings, prefeasibility and onsite measurement studies, and the development of critical tools and resources, the sector works to reduce the informational, institutional, and financial barriers to emission reduction technologies and practices. The United States encourages GMI Partner Countries to implement proven, cost-effective technologies and prac- tices that can minimize methane losses. Conducting Measurement Studies With Gas Authority of India Limited The Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) is a state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company with headquarters in New Delhi. GAIL, which was incorporated in August 1984, was initially given the responsibility of constructing, operating, and maintaining a large pipeline project that served as a cornerstone for India's natural gas market. GAIL has since grown by building core pipeline assets, processing plants, and a gas-based petrochemical business. GAIL joined the Natural Gas STAR International Program in August 2011, and has been working collabora- tively with EPA as well as Natural Gas STAR International partner Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). EPA conducted a two-week measurement study at GAIL's Vijaipur facility. This field work builds on the desktop study of GAIL's Vijaipur facility, which was completed in May 2011. The measurement study not only sought to es- tablish the actual emission estimate, but also showcased the advantages of conducting leak inspections using the forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera. As part of the Leak measurement using a Hi Flow® Sampler at GAIL's Vijaipur facility study, leaks were measured using a Hi-Fiow Sampler, a turbine meter, or an acoustic leak detection device. A significant study outcome involved making actual mea- surements for the seal oil degassing vents using a turbine meter. 20 ------- Oil arid Gas Systems Undertaking Field Measurement Studies and Training Workshops in Mexico Global Gas Flaring Reduction Workshop In May 2011, the World Bank's Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) Partnership and EPA organized a joint workshop addressing flaring, venting, and fugitive emissions in PEMEX installations. The specific workshop objective was to build capabilities in support of PEMEX's Strategic Flare/Vent/Fugitives Measurement Plan within the newly formed Grupos de Medicion. GGFR and GMI experts provided a detailed overview of current best practices on measuring gas flare, vent, and fugitive vol- umes; outlined key constraints and considerations when selecting flare measurement systems for both new and existing flaring installations; discussed practical meter- ing experiences and challenges faced by operators; and provided other lessons learned from their experience in monitoring, verification, and regulatory supervision. The workshop targeted staff from PEMEX as well as Mexico's Energy Secretariat and National Hydrocarbon Commission. EPA presentations provided overviews of GMI, the Natural Gas STAR Program, and EPA's GHG Reporting Program, as well as results of the training and measurement study work with PEMEX. Measurement Study and Training In late 2011, GMI, GGFR, and PEMEX collaborated to orga- nize a four-day methane emission measurement study combined with a one-day training session for 35 people from PEMEX Exploration and Production in Poza Rica. The classroom training session provided a broad overview of the technologies for methane emissions detection, quantification, and control. It also covered more strategic topics associated with planning, execution, implementa- tion, and follow-up of measurement studies. Over four days, the trainees participated in a measurement study of five installations, with training on equipment use, measurement study activities, and information recording for a variety of methane emissions sources. In addition to methane venting and leak measurements, the study also included GGFR Partnership-supported measurement and analysis of soot formation in flare burners. Touring Facilities in Texas and New Mexico Representatives of ONGC (India), Gazprom (Russia), and ENAP Sipetrol (Argentina) joined their U.S. Partner com- panies to tour operational facilities and exchange ideas for accelerating implementation of projects that capture and use methane. Three U.S. Natural Gas STAR partners— Chevron, Oxy, and ConocoPhillips—hosted the first-of-its- kind study tour, which covered facilities over an expanse of more than 1,100 miles in a 10-day period. The West Texas and New Mexico sites showcased specific methane emission reduction projects, including vapor recovery units (VRUs), plunger lifts, and reduced emission completions. Participants discussed these projects with the hosts and collected information to help them evaluate project applicability at their own facilities. Study tour highlights included discussing the causes of reciprocating rod packing emissions and potential solutions, studying techniques for using infrared cameras, visiting manufacturing facilities to view various types of VRUs and emission inspection/quantification tools, and exploring methane emission capture and control methods with equipment experts. During the tour, ONGCs carbon management team also presented on its GMI activities and emission reduction projects, including tankVRU rehabilitation, servo gas system replacement with instrument air, and vapor recovery using an ejector system. Study tour participants and a ConocoPhillips representative near a well completion site 21 ------- The U.S. Government's Global Methane Initiative Accomplishments Oil and Gas Workshops Around the World Colombia EPA hosted a technical training workshop in August 2011, teaming with the Centro de Tecnologia de Gas de Colombia, a research organization that provides techni- cal assistance to Colombian natural gas transmission and distribution companies. The training focused on the major sources of methane emissions from gas transmission and distribution, as well as the tools and techniques needed to carry out a methane emissions measurement study. Indonesia EPA's Natural Gas STAR International Program attended the Society of Petroleum Engineers'2011 Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition in Jakarta. The event focused on business and technology innovation to ensure sustainable energy. Immediately following the confer- ence, EPA held its first-ever GMI Asia-Pacific Technical Workshop for the Oil and Gas Sector, which was attended by industry executives and other interested parties, with a main goal of sharing GMI and Natural Gas STAR Partner experiences and exchanging technical information on minimizing methane losses. EPA also participated in the 2011 Pacific Energy Summit, again held in Jakarta, which brought together more than 100 participants from government sectors and oil and natural gas companies. The summit allowed EPA repre- sentatives to participate in the dialogue surrounding the environmental considerations important to the develop- ment and use of natural gas in Southeast Asia and the southern Pacific. The summit focused on several issues related to natural gas development and use in the region, including: natural gas as an energy source for transition- ing to a low-carbon economy; growing role of natural gas to meet rising energy demand; fiscal, regulatory, and legal steps to ensure adequate natural gas supplies; and current and projected domestic natural gas markets. Russia EPA supported and participated in an Environmental Defense Fund workshop on methane emissions control in the Russian gas sector, held in Moscow in December 2011. Attendees represented a diverse group of stake- holders, including UNFCCC Joint Implementation project developers with investment portfolios concentrated on the gas industry. The presentations were informative and prompted lively discussion on a variety of topics, includ- ing: climate policy and the role of the natural gas sector both in Russia and globally, international climate negotia- tions, and technological solutions to methane emission control in the natural gas industry. Ukraine More than 45 transmission and distribution sector rep- resentatives attended a two-day workshop led by EPA and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in June 2011. The workshop, which took place in Cherkassy, brought together participants from laboratories in all of Ukraine's natural gas transmission and distribution systems. The goal of the workshop was to share best practices and build capacity for methane detection, monitoring, and measurement technologies and practices. This was the first in a series of trainings for staff members who are responsible for leak detection and measurement activities at Ukrtransgaz. 22 ------- he Initiative accelerates deployment of meth- ane emission-reducing technologies and practices, which stimulate economic growth and energy security in GMI Partner Countries, improve local environmental quality, and help reduce the impacts of climate change. The United States recognizes that methane mitigation is an essential part of the solution. The U.S. government will continue to strongly support methane reduction capacity-building and project development through GMI, focusing on the opportunities of the Methane Expo 2013. Specific future efforts to be undertaken by the U.S. gov- ernment include: Vision for the Coming Year. The United States wili facilitate the continued growth and effectiveness of GMI, in addition to expanding our efforts in com- plementary areas (e.g., CCAC, UNFCCC). In 2012, the U.S. government will expend slightly more than $8 million on GMI, primarily to provide capacity-building support to GMI developing countries. The United States is tailoring its approach within each sector and placing an additional emphasis on capacity-building and project opportunities in the following countries: Agriculture: China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Coal: China, India, Russia, Ukraine Municipal Solid Waste: Brazil, China, Indonesia, Ukraine Municipal Wastewater: Chile, China, Mexico Oil&Gas: China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine Organizing the Methane Expo 2013. The United States is pleased to be playing a leadership role—in partnership with the government of Canada—for the upcoming Methane Expo 2013, which will take place on 12-15 March 2013 in Vancouver. We will build on the success of the two previous Expos—held in Beijing, China in 2007 and New Delhi, India in 2010 - GLOBAL METHANE INITIATIVE by organizing world-class technical and policy sessions and showcas- ing project development opportunities and cutting- edge technologies and expertise. Tracking and Promoting GMI-Related Emission Reductions. EPA will continue to main- tain and update the GMI project tracking system to facilitate information sharing. In particular, EPA will work with Partner Country delegates and Project Network members to ensure complete and accurate project information. We will encourage use of the Web interface to identify project opportunities and methane emission reductions associated with GMI activities. Involvement in the Climate and Clean Air Coalition. The U.S. government will remain actively involved in the CCAC and support its goal to address short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). In accordance with an October 2011 Steering Committee charge to the ASG, EPA will keep GMI apprised of Coalition activities that complement the Initiative's goals. 23 ------- Global Methane Initiative December 2012 www.globalmethane.org Recycled/Recyclable • Printed on 100% Postconsumer, Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper that has been manufactured with Wind Power. ^ ~ Printing was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ------- |