PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

svEPA

United States	Office of Chemical Safety and

Environmental Protection Agency	Pollution Prevention

Draft Risk Evaluation for
Asbestos

Systematic Review Supplemental File:

Data Extraction of Environmental Fate and
Transport Studies

March 2020

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

List of Tables

Table 1. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Asbestos	3

Table 2. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Asbestos	5

Table 3. Aquatic Bioconcentration Study Summary for Asbestos	7

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Environmental Fate Study Summary for Asbestos

Table 1. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Asbestos

System

Study Type (year)

Results

Comments

Affiliated
Reference

Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report

Non guideline,
experimental study;
the effect of lichen
colonization on
chrysotile structure is
investigated by
analyzing the
composition of both
colonized and
uncolonized field
samples. The effect of
oxalic acid exposure on
chrysotile structure is

also investigated at
various concentrations.

Chrysotile fibers were incubated in
oxalic acid solutions for 35 days to
observe its effect on MgO content.
Chrysotile (both uncolonized or
colonized by lichens) from 3
serpentinite outcrops and one
asbestos cement roof were
collected.

In the three asbestos outcrops

and asbestos-cement roof,
MgO content (wt %) was lower
by 15-20% in lichen colonized
chrysotile than in uncolonized
chrysotile. Incubation in 50
mM oxalic acid transformed
chrysotile fibers into "an
amorphous powdery material,
consisting mainly of pure
silica", and without fibrous
nature.

The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.

fFavero-
Lonso etal..
2005)

High

Non guideline,
experimental study;
oxalic acid and citric
acid leaching of
asbestos rich sediment

Asbestos rich sediment and a
serpentine bedrock sample
underwent leaching in 0.025 M
oxalic acid and 0.017 M citric acid.
Total elemental analysis was
performed using inductively
coupled plasma spectrometry
(ICPS), individual fiber analysis
was done using energy dispersive
x-ray analysis (EDX) and a
scanning and transmission
electron microscope (STEM).

ICPS results showed citric acid
was slightly more effective at
removing most metals from
the sediment samples than
oxalic acid; however, EDX
analysis of individual fibers
showed Mg/Si ratios were
reduced from 0.68-0.69 to 0.07
by oxalic acid and only to 0.38
by citric acid.

The reviewer
agreed with this
study's overall
quality level.

fSchreier et
al.. 19871

High

Non-guideline,
experimental study;
decomposition study of

Chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite,
anthophyllite, actinolite, and
tremolite asbestos fibers were

Degradation in 25% HC1, acetic
acid, H3PO4, H2SO4 and NaOH,
respectively was reported for

Due to limited
information,
assessing the

fSpeil and
Leineweber.
19691

Unacceptable

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

System

Study Type (year)

Results

Comments

Affiliated
Reference

Data Quality
Evaluation
Results of Full
Study Report

asbestos in 25% acid or
caustic solutions

dissolved in 25% acid or NaOH
solution

Chrysotile (55.69, 23.42, 55.18,
55.75 and 0.99%), Crocidolite

(4.38,0.91, 4.37,3.69 and
1.35%), Amosite (12.84,2.63,

11.67,11.35 and 6.97%),
Anthophyllite (2.66, 0.60, 3.16,

2.73 and 1.22%), Actinolite
(20.31,12.28, 20.19, 20.38 and
9.25%) andTremolite (4.77,
1.99, 4.99, 4.58 and 1.80%).

results was
challenging.

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

Table 2. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Asbestos

Study Type (year)

PH

T emperature

Duration

Results

Comments

Affiliated
Reference

Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report

Non-guideline,
experimental study;
dissolution of asbestos
in water at various pH
and temperatures.

7, 7, 7, 9,
and 4 for
experiments

1-5,
respectively

44, 6,25,25,
and 25°C for
experiments

1-5,
respectively

170 or
1024
hours

170-hour study results evaluating
Mg removal from Chrysotile

(proportion of 1 layer):
Experiments 1-4: 0.32-0.94.
Experiment 5 (pH 4,25°C): 8.84
170-hour study results evaluating
Si removal from Chrysotile

(proportion of 1 layer):
Experiments 1-4: 0.5-0.25.
Experiment 5: 5.05.

170-hour study results evaluating
Mg removal from Crocidolite

(proportion of 1 layer):
Experiments 1-5: 0.42-1.80.
170-hour study results evaluating

Si removal from Crocidolite
(proportion of 1 layer): 0.03-0.56.

1024-hour results (proportion of
one layer removed) for experiment
3 only:

Chrysolite, Mg: 0.94; Si: 0.36
Crocidolite, Mg: 1.42; Si: 0.37

The
reviewer
agreed
with this
study's
overall
quality
level.

fGronow.
1987)

High

Non-guideline;
dissolution study;
sample size,
temperature and pH
evaluated; pH change
over time compared for
asbestos minerals,

5.9-6.1
(initial)

5 to 45 °C

20 min;
1000
hours

Rate of dissolution is a function of
surface area and temperature. Mg2+
may be continuously liberated
from fibers leaving a silica
skeleton. The rate-controlling step
was determined to be removal of

The
reviewer
agreed
with this
study's
overall

fChoi and
Smith.
1972)

High

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

Study Type (year)

PH

T emperature

Duration

Results

Comments

Affiliated
Reference

Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report

amosite and crocidolite
and chrysotile







brucite layer. Smaller particles
liberated more magnesium.

quality
level.





Non guideline;
experimental study; a
particle electrophoresis
apparatus was used to

monitor absorption
properties of chrysotile
asbestos aging in water

Not
reported
but held
constant

Not reported
but held
constant

3-5 days

Chrysotile in natural water
acquires a negative surface charge

by rapid adsorption of natural
organic matter (<1 day). Positively
charged >Mg-OH2+ sites are
removed by dissolution in the
outer brucite sheet resulting in
exposure of underlying >SiO sites.

The
reviewer
agreed
with this
study's
overall
quality
level.

fBales and
Morsan.
1985)

High

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

Table 3. Aquatic Bioconcentration Study Summary for Asbestos

Study Type (year)

Initial
Concentration

Species

Duration

Result

Comments

Affiliated
Reference

Data
Quality
Evaluation
Results of
Full Study
Report

Non-guideline;
experimental study;
uptake monitoring

of chrysotile
asbestos in Coho
and juvenile green
sunfish

1.5xl06and
3.0xl06
fibers/L

Coho salmon
[Oncorhynchus
kisutch) and
juvenile green
sunfish
(Lepomis
cyanellus)

Coho salmon:
86 and 40
days; Green
sunfish: 67
and 52 days

Asbestos fibers were found
in the asbestos-treated fish

by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM);
however total body burdens
were not calculated. Sunfish
lost scales and had
epidermal tissue erosion.
Asbestos fibers were not
identified in control or blank
samples.

The
reviewer
agreed with
this study's

overall
quality level.

fBelaneer
et al..

1986cl

High

Non-guideline;
experimental study;
uptake monitoring
of chrysotile by
Asiatic clams

2.5x10s -
8.8xl09
fibers/L

Asiatic clams
[Corbicula sp.]

96-hours and
30-days

Chrysotile asbestos was
detected in clams at
69.1±17.1 fiber s/mg whole
body homogenate after 96
hours of exposure to 10®

fibers/L and food.
Chrysotile asbestos was
detected in clams after 30
days of exposure to 10®
fibers/L at 147.3±52.6
fiber s/mg dry weight gill
tissue and 903.7±122.9
fiber s/mg dry weight
visceral tissue. Chrysotile
asbestos was not detected in
clams after 96 hours at all

asbestos exposure
concentrations tested with
no food.

The
reviewer
agreed with
this study's

overall
quality level.

fBelanger
et al..
1986M

High

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

Non-guideline;
experimental study;
measuring uptake

of chrysotile
asbestos by Asiatic
clams

0,104, and 108
fibers/L

Asiatic clams
[Corbicula sp.,
collected in
winter and
summer)

30-days

Fibers were not detected in
clams from blank control
groups and after exposure to
104 fiber/L groups for 30
days.

Asbestos concentration in
tissue after exposure to 108
fiber/L for 30 days
(fibers/mg dry weight
tissue) in winter samples:
Gills: 132.1+36.4; Viscera:
1055.1±235.9 and summer
samples: Gill: 147.5±30.9;
Viscera: 1127.4±190.2.

The
reviewer
agreed with
this study's

overall
quality level.

fBelanger
et al..
1986al

High

Non-guideline;
experimental study;
Bioconcentration

Factor (BCF)
determination of
asbestos in the
Asiatic clam

0,104, and 10®
fibers/L

Asiatic clam
[corbicula sp.)

30 day and
field exposed

BCF = 0.308 in gill tissue,
1.89 in viscera tissue, and

1.91 in whole clam
homogenates after 30-days
exposure to 108 fibers/L.
Field exposed BCFs = 0.16-
0.19 in gills, 64.9-102 in
viscera, 1,442-5,222 in
whole clams.

The
reviewer
agreed with
this study's

overall
quality level.

fBelanger
et al..
1987)

High

Non-guideline;
experimental study;
chrysotile asbestos
uptake study in
Japanese Medaka

5.1±2.8xl06,
7.6±8.1xl08
fibers/L

Japanese
Medaka
[Oryzias latipes)

13 weeks

After 28 days of exposure to
chrysotile asbestos at 1010
fibers/L concentrations, fish
total body burden was 375.7
fibers/mg. After 3 months of
exposure to chrysotile
asbestos at 108 fibers/L
concentrations, fish total
body burden was
486.4±47.9 fibers/mg.

The
reviewer
agreed with
this study's

overall
quality level.

fBelanger
et al..
1990)

High

-------
PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE

References

Bales. RC; Morgan. JJ. (1985). SURFACE-CHARGE AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS IN NATURAL-WATERS. Environ Sci
Technol19:1213-1219.

Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns. J. (1990). Functional and pathological impairment of japanese medaka (oryzias-latipes) by long-term asbestos
exposure. Aquat Toxicol 17: 133-154.

Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns J. J. R. (1986a). Seasonal behavioral and growth changes of juvenile Corbicula-fluminea exposed to chrysotile
asbestos. Water Res 20: 1243-1250.

Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns J. J. R. (1986b). Uptake of chrysotile asbestos fibers alters growth and reproduction of Asiatic clams. Can J Fish
Aquat Sci 43: 43-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-006

Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns. J; Mcguire, MJ. (1987). Using Asiatic clams as a biomonitor for chrysotile asbestos in public water supplies. J Am
Water Works Assoc 79: 69-74. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1002/i.1551-8833.1987.tb02817.x

Belanger. SE; Schurr. K; Allen. PJ; Gohara. AF. (1986c). Effects of chrysotile asbestos on coho salmon and green sunfish: evidence of behavioral
and pathological stress. Environ Res 39: 74-85.

Choi. I; Smith. RW. (1972). Kinetic study of dissolution of asbestos fibers in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0Q21-
9797(72)90014-8

Favero-Longo, SE; Turci, F; Tomatis, M; Castelli, P; Bonfante, P; Hochella, MF; Piervittori, R; Fubini, B. (2005). Chrysotile asbestos is progressively
converted into a non-fibrous amorphous material by the chelating action of lichen metabolites. J Environ Monit 7: 764-766.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507569f

Gronow, JR. (1987). The dissolution of asbestos fibres in water. Clay Miner 22: 21-35. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.l.03

Schreier. H; Omueti. JA; Lavkulich. LM. (1987). WEATHERING PROCESSES OF ASBESTOS-RICH SERPENTINITIC SEPIMENTS. Soil Sci Soc Am J 51:
993-999.

Speil, S; Leineweber, JP. (1969). Asbestos minerals in modern technology. Environ Res 2: 166-208.

-------