PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE svEPA United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Draft Risk Evaluation for Asbestos Systematic Review Supplemental File: Data Extraction of Environmental Fate and Transport Studies March 2020 ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE List of Tables Table 1. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Asbestos 3 Table 2. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Asbestos 5 Table 3. Aquatic Bioconcentration Study Summary for Asbestos 7 ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Environmental Fate Study Summary for Asbestos Table 1. Other Fate Endpoints Study Summary for Asbestos System Study Type (year) Results Comments Affiliated Reference Data Quality Evaluation Results of Full Study Report Non guideline, experimental study; the effect of lichen colonization on chrysotile structure is investigated by analyzing the composition of both colonized and uncolonized field samples. The effect of oxalic acid exposure on chrysotile structure is also investigated at various concentrations. Chrysotile fibers were incubated in oxalic acid solutions for 35 days to observe its effect on MgO content. Chrysotile (both uncolonized or colonized by lichens) from 3 serpentinite outcrops and one asbestos cement roof were collected. In the three asbestos outcrops and asbestos-cement roof, MgO content (wt %) was lower by 15-20% in lichen colonized chrysotile than in uncolonized chrysotile. Incubation in 50 mM oxalic acid transformed chrysotile fibers into "an amorphous powdery material, consisting mainly of pure silica", and without fibrous nature. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fFavero- Lonso etal.. 2005) High Non guideline, experimental study; oxalic acid and citric acid leaching of asbestos rich sediment Asbestos rich sediment and a serpentine bedrock sample underwent leaching in 0.025 M oxalic acid and 0.017 M citric acid. Total elemental analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICPS), individual fiber analysis was done using energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and a scanning and transmission electron microscope (STEM). ICPS results showed citric acid was slightly more effective at removing most metals from the sediment samples than oxalic acid; however, EDX analysis of individual fibers showed Mg/Si ratios were reduced from 0.68-0.69 to 0.07 by oxalic acid and only to 0.38 by citric acid. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fSchreier et al.. 19871 High Non-guideline, experimental study; decomposition study of Chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, actinolite, and tremolite asbestos fibers were Degradation in 25% HC1, acetic acid, H3PO4, H2SO4 and NaOH, respectively was reported for Due to limited information, assessing the fSpeil and Leineweber. 19691 Unacceptable ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE System Study Type (year) Results Comments Affiliated Reference Data Quality Evaluation Results of Full Study Report asbestos in 25% acid or caustic solutions dissolved in 25% acid or NaOH solution Chrysotile (55.69, 23.42, 55.18, 55.75 and 0.99%), Crocidolite (4.38,0.91, 4.37,3.69 and 1.35%), Amosite (12.84,2.63, 11.67,11.35 and 6.97%), Anthophyllite (2.66, 0.60, 3.16, 2.73 and 1.22%), Actinolite (20.31,12.28, 20.19, 20.38 and 9.25%) andTremolite (4.77, 1.99, 4.99, 4.58 and 1.80%). results was challenging. ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Table 2. Hydrolysis Study Summary for Asbestos Study Type (year) PH T emperature Duration Results Comments Affiliated Reference Data Quality Evaluation Results of Full Study Report Non-guideline, experimental study; dissolution of asbestos in water at various pH and temperatures. 7, 7, 7, 9, and 4 for experiments 1-5, respectively 44, 6,25,25, and 25°C for experiments 1-5, respectively 170 or 1024 hours 170-hour study results evaluating Mg removal from Chrysotile (proportion of 1 layer): Experiments 1-4: 0.32-0.94. Experiment 5 (pH 4,25°C): 8.84 170-hour study results evaluating Si removal from Chrysotile (proportion of 1 layer): Experiments 1-4: 0.5-0.25. Experiment 5: 5.05. 170-hour study results evaluating Mg removal from Crocidolite (proportion of 1 layer): Experiments 1-5: 0.42-1.80. 170-hour study results evaluating Si removal from Crocidolite (proportion of 1 layer): 0.03-0.56. 1024-hour results (proportion of one layer removed) for experiment 3 only: Chrysolite, Mg: 0.94; Si: 0.36 Crocidolite, Mg: 1.42; Si: 0.37 The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fGronow. 1987) High Non-guideline; dissolution study; sample size, temperature and pH evaluated; pH change over time compared for asbestos minerals, 5.9-6.1 (initial) 5 to 45 °C 20 min; 1000 hours Rate of dissolution is a function of surface area and temperature. Mg2+ may be continuously liberated from fibers leaving a silica skeleton. The rate-controlling step was determined to be removal of The reviewer agreed with this study's overall fChoi and Smith. 1972) High ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Study Type (year) PH T emperature Duration Results Comments Affiliated Reference Data Quality Evaluation Results of Full Study Report amosite and crocidolite and chrysotile brucite layer. Smaller particles liberated more magnesium. quality level. Non guideline; experimental study; a particle electrophoresis apparatus was used to monitor absorption properties of chrysotile asbestos aging in water Not reported but held constant Not reported but held constant 3-5 days Chrysotile in natural water acquires a negative surface charge by rapid adsorption of natural organic matter (<1 day). Positively charged >Mg-OH2+ sites are removed by dissolution in the outer brucite sheet resulting in exposure of underlying >SiO sites. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBales and Morsan. 1985) High ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Table 3. Aquatic Bioconcentration Study Summary for Asbestos Study Type (year) Initial Concentration Species Duration Result Comments Affiliated Reference Data Quality Evaluation Results of Full Study Report Non-guideline; experimental study; uptake monitoring of chrysotile asbestos in Coho and juvenile green sunfish 1.5xl06and 3.0xl06 fibers/L Coho salmon [Oncorhynchus kisutch) and juvenile green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) Coho salmon: 86 and 40 days; Green sunfish: 67 and 52 days Asbestos fibers were found in the asbestos-treated fish by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); however total body burdens were not calculated. Sunfish lost scales and had epidermal tissue erosion. Asbestos fibers were not identified in control or blank samples. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBelaneer et al.. 1986cl High Non-guideline; experimental study; uptake monitoring of chrysotile by Asiatic clams 2.5x10s - 8.8xl09 fibers/L Asiatic clams [Corbicula sp.] 96-hours and 30-days Chrysotile asbestos was detected in clams at 69.1±17.1 fiber s/mg whole body homogenate after 96 hours of exposure to 10® fibers/L and food. Chrysotile asbestos was detected in clams after 30 days of exposure to 10® fibers/L at 147.3±52.6 fiber s/mg dry weight gill tissue and 903.7±122.9 fiber s/mg dry weight visceral tissue. Chrysotile asbestos was not detected in clams after 96 hours at all asbestos exposure concentrations tested with no food. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBelanger et al.. 1986M High ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE Non-guideline; experimental study; measuring uptake of chrysotile asbestos by Asiatic clams 0,104, and 108 fibers/L Asiatic clams [Corbicula sp., collected in winter and summer) 30-days Fibers were not detected in clams from blank control groups and after exposure to 104 fiber/L groups for 30 days. Asbestos concentration in tissue after exposure to 108 fiber/L for 30 days (fibers/mg dry weight tissue) in winter samples: Gills: 132.1+36.4; Viscera: 1055.1±235.9 and summer samples: Gill: 147.5±30.9; Viscera: 1127.4±190.2. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBelanger et al.. 1986al High Non-guideline; experimental study; Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) determination of asbestos in the Asiatic clam 0,104, and 10® fibers/L Asiatic clam [corbicula sp.) 30 day and field exposed BCF = 0.308 in gill tissue, 1.89 in viscera tissue, and 1.91 in whole clam homogenates after 30-days exposure to 108 fibers/L. Field exposed BCFs = 0.16- 0.19 in gills, 64.9-102 in viscera, 1,442-5,222 in whole clams. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBelanger et al.. 1987) High Non-guideline; experimental study; chrysotile asbestos uptake study in Japanese Medaka 5.1±2.8xl06, 7.6±8.1xl08 fibers/L Japanese Medaka [Oryzias latipes) 13 weeks After 28 days of exposure to chrysotile asbestos at 1010 fibers/L concentrations, fish total body burden was 375.7 fibers/mg. After 3 months of exposure to chrysotile asbestos at 108 fibers/L concentrations, fish total body burden was 486.4±47.9 fibers/mg. The reviewer agreed with this study's overall quality level. fBelanger et al.. 1990) High ------- PEER REVIEW DRAFT - DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE References Bales. RC; Morgan. JJ. (1985). SURFACE-CHARGE AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS IN NATURAL-WATERS. Environ Sci Technol19:1213-1219. Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns. J. (1990). Functional and pathological impairment of japanese medaka (oryzias-latipes) by long-term asbestos exposure. Aquat Toxicol 17: 133-154. Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns J. J. R. (1986a). Seasonal behavioral and growth changes of juvenile Corbicula-fluminea exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Water Res 20: 1243-1250. Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns J. J. R. (1986b). Uptake of chrysotile asbestos fibers alters growth and reproduction of Asiatic clams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 43-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-006 Belanger. SE; Cherry, PS; Cairns. J; Mcguire, MJ. (1987). Using Asiatic clams as a biomonitor for chrysotile asbestos in public water supplies. J Am Water Works Assoc 79: 69-74. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1002/i.1551-8833.1987.tb02817.x Belanger. SE; Schurr. K; Allen. PJ; Gohara. AF. (1986c). Effects of chrysotile asbestos on coho salmon and green sunfish: evidence of behavioral and pathological stress. Environ Res 39: 74-85. Choi. I; Smith. RW. (1972). Kinetic study of dissolution of asbestos fibers in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0Q21- 9797(72)90014-8 Favero-Longo, SE; Turci, F; Tomatis, M; Castelli, P; Bonfante, P; Hochella, MF; Piervittori, R; Fubini, B. (2005). Chrysotile asbestos is progressively converted into a non-fibrous amorphous material by the chelating action of lichen metabolites. J Environ Monit 7: 764-766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507569f Gronow, JR. (1987). The dissolution of asbestos fibres in water. Clay Miner 22: 21-35. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.l.03 Schreier. H; Omueti. JA; Lavkulich. LM. (1987). WEATHERING PROCESSES OF ASBESTOS-RICH SERPENTINITIC SEPIMENTS. Soil Sci Soc Am J 51: 993-999. Speil, S; Leineweber, JP. (1969). Asbestos minerals in modern technology. Environ Res 2: 166-208. ------- |